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WO2025186065A1 - Dérivés de (aza)quinoxaline substitués par hétéroaryle utilisés en tant que pesticides - Google Patents

Dérivés de (aza)quinoxaline substitués par hétéroaryle utilisés en tant que pesticides

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Publication number
WO2025186065A1
WO2025186065A1 PCT/EP2025/055119 EP2025055119W WO2025186065A1 WO 2025186065 A1 WO2025186065 A1 WO 2025186065A1 EP 2025055119 W EP2025055119 W EP 2025055119W WO 2025186065 A1 WO2025186065 A1 WO 2025186065A1
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Prior art keywords
c6alkyl
spp
phenyl
c4alkyl
group
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Pending
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PCT/EP2025/055119
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English (en)
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WO2025186065A8 (fr
Inventor
Yolanda Cancho Grande
Silvia CEREZO GALVEZ
Anne DÉCOR
Martin FÜSSLEIN
Steffen Müller
Hans-Georg Schwarz
Yeshua SEMPERE MOLINA
Joachim Telser
Philipp Winter
Ulrich Ebbinghaus-Kintscher
Marc LINKA
Olga Malsam
Manuel SOMMER
Marion ZAWORRA
Andreas Turberg
Iring Heisler
Pierre GATEL
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Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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Publication of WO2025186065A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025186065A1/fr
Publication of WO2025186065A8 publication Critical patent/WO2025186065A8/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04Ortho-condensed systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/601,4-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-diazines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/647Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
    • A01N43/6531,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01PBIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P7/00Arthropodicides
    • A01P7/04Insecticides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/04Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D475/00Heterocyclic compounds containing pteridine ring systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel heteroaryl-substituted (aza)quinoxaline derivatives, to formulations and compositions comprising such compounds and to their use in the control of animal pests including arthropods and insects in plant protection and to their use for control of ectoparasites on animals.
  • Certain heteroaryl-triazole compounds are disclosed for the use in controlling ectoparasites on animals in WO 2017/192385 and for the use in controlling animal pests including arthropods and insects in the field of plant protection in WO 2019/170626 and WO 2019/215198.
  • patent applications WO 2019/197468, WO 2019/201835, WO 2019/202077, WO 2019/206799, WO 2021/013719, WO 2021/013720, WO 2021/069575, WO 2021/069567, WO 2021/069569, WO 2021/099303, WO 2021/105091, WO 2021/165195, WO 2021/224323, WO 2021/259997, WO 2022/233777 and WO 2023/025682 disclose certain heteroaryl-triazole, annulated imidazole-amide or or heteroaryl-pyrazine compounds for the use in controlling ectoparasites on animals and for the control of animal pests including arthropods and insects in the field of plant protection.
  • WO 2020/002563, WO 2020/053364, WO 2020/053365, WO 2020/070049, WO 2020/079198, WO 2020/094363, WO 2020/169445, WO 2020/182649, WO 2020/188014, WO 2020/188027, WO 2020/193341, WO 2020/201079, WO 2020/201398, WO 2020/208036, WO 2021/037614, WO 2021/122645, W02021/170881, WO 2022/258481, WO 2023/025617, WO 2023/037249, WO 2023/041422, WO 2023/058748, WO 2023/072849, WO 2023/104564, WO 2023/104714, WO 2023/200911 and WO 2024/064274 describe azole-amide and pyrazine-amide compounds all of which can be used as insecticides.
  • X is O or S
  • a 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 is N; whereas A 2 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 2 is N; whereas A 1 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 3 is N; whereas A 1 , A 2 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 4 is N; whereas A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 2 , A 4 are N; whereas A 1 and A 3 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 , A 3 are N; whereas A 2 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 , A 4 are N; whereas A 2 and A 3 are CR 5 ;
  • R 1 is hydrogen; or in each case optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C3-
  • R 2 is phenyl or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, -CN, -COOH, -NO2, -NH2, -SF5; and in each case optionally substituted C1-Cealkyl, C2-Cealkenyl, C2-Cealkynyl, C 3 - Cecycloalkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, C3-C6cycloalkoxy, C1-C6haloalkoxy, hydroxy-C1-C6alkyl, -CO 2 C1-C6alkyl, -NH(C1-C 6 alkyl), -N(C1-C6alkyl) 2 , -S-C1- C6alkylsulfinimidoyl, -S-C3-C6cycloalkylsulfini
  • R 21 is hydrogen or in each case optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, C1-
  • C6haloalkyl C3-C6cycloalkyl, -C1-C6alkyl-C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl;
  • R 22 is hydrogen or in each case optionally substituted C1-Cealkyl, C1- C6haloalkyl, -C1-C6alkyl-C1-C6cycloalkyl and C3-C6cycloalkyl;
  • R 23 is independently selected from in each case optionally substituted C1-
  • R 24 is in each case optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkenyl, C2-
  • R 21 and R 22 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, represent a monocyclic or polycyclic optionally substituted 3- to 12-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclyl which may contain further heteroatoms;
  • R 3 is hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C3-C6-cycloalkyl and C1-C6-alkoxy;
  • R 4 is a monocyclic heterocycle selected from the group consisting of 5 -membered heteroaryl, 6- membered heteroaryl and 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, each of which containing one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, and each of which is optionally substituted by one, two, three or four substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, oxo, -CN, -COOH, -NO2, -NH2, -SF5; and in each case optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkcnyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3- C6cycloalkyl, C1-C6alkyl-C3-C6cycloalkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C3-C6halocycloalkyl, C1- C6alkoxy, C3-C6cycloalkoxy, C1-C6haloal
  • 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, wherein the 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl substituent may optionally carry one, two, three or four substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, -CN, -COOH, -CONH2, -CSNH2, -NO2, - Si(CH 3 ) 3 , -SF5, -NH2, C1-C6alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C 3 -C6cycanocycloalkyl, C 3 - C6halocycloalkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl-C1-C6alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3cyanoalkyl, C1- Cralkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C3cyanoalkoxy, C1-C3alkylthio, C1-
  • R 41 is hydrogen or in each case optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, C1-
  • C6haloalkyl C3-C6cycloalkyl, - C1-C6alkyl-C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl;
  • R 42 is hydrogen or in each case optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, C1-
  • R 43 is independently selected from in each case optionally substituted C1-
  • R 44 is in each case optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2- Cealkynyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl; or
  • R 41 and R 42 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, represent a monocyclic or polycyclic optionally substituted 3- to 12-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclyl which may contain further heteroatoms;
  • the compounds of the formula (I) described anywhere herein likewise encompass any diastereomers or enantiomers and E/Z isomers which exist, and also salts and N-oxides of compounds of the formula (I).
  • the compounds of the formula (I) described anywhere herein may possibly also, depending on the nature of the substituents, be in the form of stereoisomers, i.e. in the form of geometric and/or optical isomers or isomer mixtures of varying composition.
  • This invention provides both the pure stereoisomers and any desired mixtures of these isomers, even though it is generally only compounds of the formula (I) that are discussed here.
  • the invention therefore relates both to the pure enantiomers and diastereomers and to mixtures thereof.
  • dextrorotatory compounds of formula (I) are preferred, i.e. those isomers which rotate plane-polarized light clockwise ((+) -direction).
  • Such enantiomers are usually designated with “(+)“.
  • Methods of separating enantiomers are well-known in the art, e.g. separation via chiral chromatography.
  • the present cocompounds can have R- or S- configuration (according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules).
  • the present invention relates to compounds which have R- or S-configuration at this site as well as to mixtures of these isomers.
  • compounds of formula (I) are preferred which have an S-configuration at the carbon atom which carries R 3 .
  • the compounds of the formula (I) may be present in various polymorphic forms or as a mixture of various polymorphic forms. Both the pure polymorphs and the polymorph mixtures are provided by the invention and can be used in accordance with the invention.
  • X is O or S;
  • a 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 is N; whereas A 2 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 2 is N; whereas A 1 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 3 is N; whereas A 1 , A 2 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 4 is N; whereas A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 2 , A 4 are N; whereas A 1 and A 3 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 , A 3 are N; whereas A 2 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 , A 4 are N; whereas A 2 and A 3 are CR 5 ;
  • R 1 is hydrogen; or C1-C6alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C3-C6cycloalkylC1-C6alkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by one substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, C1- Cialkyl, C1 -C3haloalkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C 1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3alkylthio, C1-C3 alkylsulfinyl and C1-C3alkylsulfonyl; or
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, thiophene, triazole and pyrazole, each of which is optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, -CN, -COOH, -NO2, -NH2, -SO2NH2, -SF5; and C1-C6alkyl, optionally substituted with -CN, -OH or C3-C6cycloalkyl; C2-C6alkenyl, optionally substituted with halogen and -CN; C2-C6alkynyl, optionally substituted with halogen and -CN; C3-C6cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, C1 -C3alkyl or C1-C3haloalkyl; C1-C6haloalkyl, optionally substituted with
  • R 21 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6cy anoalkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C3-
  • R 22 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, -C1-C6alkyl-C3-C6cycloalkyl, or C3- C6cycloalkyl;
  • R 23 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C6alkyl, C1- C6cyanoalkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C1-C6cyanocycloalkyl, C3- C6halocycloalkyl, -C1-C6alkyl-C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl in which phenyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one to three substituents, each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-C6alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C1- C3 haloalkyI, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, C1-C3alky 1 th io, C1-C3alky 1 sulfinyl, C1-C3alky
  • R 24 is C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6cyanoalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C3-C6cyanocycloalkyl, C3-C6halocycloalkyl, -C1-C6alkyl-C3- C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl in which phenyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one to three substituents, each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1- Cealkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1- C3alkylthio, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1-C
  • R 21 and R 22 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, represent a monocyclic or polycyclic 3- to 12-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclyl which may contain further heteroatoms, and each of the monocyclic or polycyclic 3- to 12-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one to four substituents, each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, C1-C6alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1- C3alkylthio, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3haloalkylthio, C1- C3 haloalky I sulfinyl, and C1-C3 haloalky 1 sulfonyl; and
  • R 3 is hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, Ci-C'e-cycloalkyl and C1-C6-alkoxy;
  • R 4 is a monocyclic heterocycle selected from the group consisting of pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, thiazole, oxazole, thiadiazole, oxadiazole, pyrazole, imidazole and triazole, each of which is optionally substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, oxo, -CN, -COOH, -NO2, -NH2, -SF5; and C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6cyanoalkyl, C2-C6alkcnyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C3- Cecyanocycloalkyl, C3-C6halocycloalkyl, -C1-C6alkyl-C3-C6cycloalkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6alkoxy
  • R 41 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6cy anoalkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C3-
  • C6cyanocycloalkyl C i-Cehalocycloalkyl, -C1-C6alkyl-C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl in which phenyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one to three substituents, each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-C6alkyl, C3- C6cycloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalky 1, Ci-Cralkoxy, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, C1-C3ialky 1 thio, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3alkylsulfonyl, Cj-Cihaloalkylthio, C1- C3 haloalky I sulfinyl, and C1-C3ihaloalky I sulfonyl;
  • R 42 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6cyanoalkyl, -C1-Ch3alky I -C1- Cecycloalkyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl;
  • R 43 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C6alkyl, C1- Cecyanoalkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C3-C6cyanocycloalkyl, C3- Cehalocycloalkyl, -C1-C6alkyl-C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl in which phenyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one to three substituents, each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, C1-C6alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C1- C3 haloalkyI, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C33 haloalkoxy, C1-C3alky 1 th io, C1-C3alky 1 sulfinyl, C1-C3alkyls
  • R 41 and R 42 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, represent a monocyclic or polycyclic 3- to 12-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclyl which may contain further heteroatoms, and each of the monocyclic or polycyclic 3- to 12-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one to four substituents, each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, C1-C6alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C'l-Cihaloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1- Cxalkylthio, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3haloalkylthio, C1- Ci haloalky I sulfinyl, and C1-C3i haloalky 1 sulfonyl;
  • R 5 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NH2, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, C1-C3cyanoalkyl, C3-C4- cycloalkyl, C3-C4halocycloalkyl, C3-C6cyanocycloalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1- C3cyanoalkoxy, -NH(C1-C3 alkyl), -N(C1-C3alkyl)2, C1-C3alkylthio, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1- C3alkylsulfonyl, C3-C6cycloalkylthio, C3-C6cycloalkylsulfinyl, or C3-C6cycloalkylsulfonyl; and salts and N-oxides thereof.
  • X is O or S
  • a 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 is N; whereas A 2 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 2 is N; whereas A 1 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 3 is N; whereas A 1 , A 2 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 4 is N; whereas A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are CR 5 ; or A 2 , A 4 are N; whereas A 1 and A 3 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 , A 3 are N; whereas A 2 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 , A 4 are N; whereas A 2 and A 3 are CR 5 ;
  • R 1 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C3cyanoalkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C3-C6cycloalkylC1-C3alkyl, C2-
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridine, and pyrazole, each of which is optionally substituted by one, two or three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, -CN, -COOH, -CONH2, -NO2, -NH2, -SO2NH2, -SF5, C1- C 4 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalky 1, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C3cyanoalkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C3-C6halocycloalkyl, C3-C6cyanocycloalkyl, C1-C3alkylthio, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1- C3 alkylsulfonyl, C3-C6cycloalkylsulfanyl, C3-C6cycloalkylsulfinyl, C3-
  • R 3 is hydrogen or C1-C3alkyl
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, thiazole, pyrazole, triazole and oxotriazole, each of which is optionally substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -COOH, - NO 2 , -NH 2 , -NH(C1-C4alkyl), -N(C1-C4alkyl) 2 , -SF 5 , C1-C6alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C1- C 4 alkyl-C3-C6cycloalkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3cyanoalkyl, C3-C6halocycloalkyl, C3- Cecyanocycloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C3cyano
  • R 41 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C3cyanoalkyl, C1-C3 haloalky 1, C3-C6cycloalkyl, or -C1-C3alkyl-C3-C6cycloalkyl;
  • R 42 is hydrogen, Ci-Cralkyl, C1-C3cyanoalkyl, C1-C3 haloalky 1, C3-C6cycloalkyl, or -C 1 -C3alkyl-C3 -C6cycloalkyl ;
  • R 43 is C1-C4alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl;
  • R 44 is C1-C4alkyl, C2-Cealkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl; or
  • R 41 and R 42 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, represent a monocyclic or polycyclic 5- to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclyl which may contain further heteroatoms, and each of the monocyclic or polycyclic to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one to four substituents, each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, C1-C6alkyl, C3- Cecycloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalky 1, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, C1-C3ialky 1 thio, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3haloalkylthio, C1- C3 haloalky I sulfinyl, and C1-C3 haloalky 1 sulfonyl;
  • R 5 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, Ci-CC-cycloalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, or
  • X is O or S
  • a 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 is N; whereas A 2 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 2 is N; whereas A 1 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 3 is N; whereas A 1 , A 2 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 4 is N; whereas A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 2 , A 4 are N; whereas A 1 and A 3 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 , A 3 are N; whereas A 2 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 , A 4 are N; whereas A 2 and A 3 are CR 5 ;
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropylmethyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methylthioethyl, methylsulfinylethyl or methylsulfonylethyl;
  • R 25 is hydroxy, -CN, -NH2, -SO2NH2, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1- Cihaloalkoxy, C1-C3cyanoalkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, Ci-C'ehalocycloalkyl, C3- Cecyanocycloalkyl, C1-C3alkylthio, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3alkylsulfonyl, C3- Cecycloalkylsulfanyl, C3-C6cycloalkylsulf'inyl, C3-C6cycloalkylsulfonyl, Ci- Cihaloalkylthio, C1-C3 haloalky 1 sulfinyl, C1-C3 haloalky 1 sulfonyl, C1-C3cyanoal
  • R 26 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -COOH, -CONH2, -NO2, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1- C4alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C3alkylthio, Ci -CNal ky Isu Ifiny 1 , C1-C3alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3ihaloalky I th io, C1-C3 haloalky 1 sulfinyl, C1-C3 haloalky 1 sulfonyl, C3-
  • R 27 is hydrogen, or C1-C4alkyl
  • R 3 is methyl
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of pyridin-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyrazin-
  • R 41 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyanomethyl, cyclopropyl, difluoroethyl, or trifluoroethyl;
  • R 42 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyanomethyl, cyclopropyl, difluoroethyl, or trifluoroethyl; or
  • R 41 and R 42 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, represent a morpholine, optionally substituted by one to four methyl;
  • R 5 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, -CN, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, difluoromethoxy, or trifluoromethoxy ; and salts and N-oxides thereof.
  • X is O
  • a 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 is N; whereas A 2 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 , A 3 are N; whereas A 2 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 , A 4 are N; whereas A 2 and A 3 are CR 5 ;
  • R 1 is hydrogen
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl], [3,5-bis(l , 1 - difluoroethyl)phenyl] , [3-bromo-5-(l -fluoro- 1 -methyl-ethyl)phenyl] , [3,5- bis(difhroromethoxy)phenyl], [3,5-bis(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl], [3-(l-cyano-l-methyl- ethyl)-5-(trifhioromethoxy)phenyl] , (3-chloro-5-methylsulfonyl-phenyl), [3 -( 1 , 1 - difluoroethyl) -5 -methylsulfonyl-phenyl] , [3 - [chloro(difluoro)methyl] -5 -methylsulfonyl- phenyl] , [3-
  • R 3 is methyl
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of pyridin-2-yl, 5-fluoro-pyridin-2-yl, 5-chloro-pyridin-
  • R 5 is hydrogen, chlorine, methyl or methoxy; and salts and N-oxides thereof.
  • X is O
  • a 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or A 1 is N; whereas A 2 , A 3 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 3 is N; whereas A 1 , A 2 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 4 is N; whereas A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 , A 3 are N; whereas A 2 and A 4 are CR 5 ; or
  • a 1 , A 4 are N; whereas A 2 and A 3 are CR 5 ;
  • R 1 is hydrogen
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl], [3,5-bis(l , 1 - difluoroethyl)phenyl] , [3-bromo-5-(l -fluoro- 1 -methyl-ethyl)phenyl] , [3,5- bis(difhroromethoxy)phenyl], [3,5-bis(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl], [3-(l-cyano-l-methyl- ethyl)-5-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl] , (3-chloro-5-methylsulfonyl-phenyl), [3 -( 1 , 1 - difluoroethyl) -5 -methylsulfonyl-phenyl] , [3 - [chloro(difluoro)methyl] -5 -methylsulfonyl- phenyl] , [3-(d
  • R 3 is methyl
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of pyridin-2-yl, 5-fluoro-pyridin-2-yl, 5-chloro-pyridin-
  • R 5 is hydrogen, chlorine, methyl or methoxy; and salts and N-oxides thereof.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I-i) in which the structural elements X, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 have the meanings given in Configuration (1-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (2-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (3-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (4-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (5-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (5-2).
  • the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I-ii)
  • the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I-iii)
  • the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I-iv) in which the structural elements X, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 have the meanings given in Configuration (1-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (2-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (3-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (4-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (5-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (5-2).
  • the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I-v) in which the structural elements X, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 have the meanings given in Configuration (1-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (2-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (3-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (4-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (5-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (5-2).
  • the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I-vi) in which the structural elements X, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 have the meanings given in Configuration (1-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (2-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (3-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (4-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (5-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (5-2).
  • the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I-vii) in which the structural elements X, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 have the meanings given in Configuration (1-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (2-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (3-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (4-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (5-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (5-2).
  • the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I-viii)
  • the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I-a) in which the structural elements Ai, A2, A3, A4, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X have the meanings given in Configuration (1-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (2-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (3-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (4-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (5-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (5-2).
  • the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I-b) in which the structural elements Ai, A2, A3, A4, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X have the meanings given in Configuration (1-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (2-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (3-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (4-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (5-1) or the meanings given in Configuration (5-2).
  • the invention covers the intermediate compounds INT-001 to INT-014 and in case of amines and acids also the salts thereof and in case of amine hydrochlorides or triflates also the free amines (see table 2):
  • an alkyl group may consist of 3 to 10 carbon atoms and in that case corresponds to Cs-Cioalkyl.
  • Ring structures composed of carbon atoms and heteroatoms may be referred to as "LL- to UL-membered" structures.
  • One example of a 6-membered ring structure is toluene (a 6- membered ring structure substituted by a methyl group).
  • a collective term for a substituent for example CLL-Curalkyl
  • the constituent at the start of the composite substituent for example the Cix-Curcycloalkyl
  • the constituent at the start of the composite substituent for example the Cix-Curcycloalkyl
  • the constituent at the start of the composite substituent for example the Cix-Curcycloalkyl
  • the constituent at the start of the composite substituent for example the Cix-Curcycloalkyl
  • All the collective terms used in this application for chemical groups, cyclic systems and cyclic groups can be stipulated more specifically through the addition "CLL-CUL" or "LL- to UL-membered".
  • Halogen relates to elements of the 7th main group, preferably fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, more preferably fluorine, chlorine and bromine, and even more preferably fluorine and chlorine.
  • heteroatom examples include N, O, S, P, B, Si.
  • heteroatom relates to N, S and O.
  • alkyl on its own or as part of a chemical group - represents straight-chain or branched hydrocarbons preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, 1 -methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,2- dimethylpropyl, 1,1 -dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1 -ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1 -methylpentyl, 2- methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1 ,2-dimethylpropyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,4- dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,1 -dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethyl
  • alkyls having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as, inter alia, methyl, ethyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl or t-butyl.
  • inventive alkyls may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • alkenyl on its own or as part of a chemical group - represents straightchain or branched hydrocarbons preferably having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one double bond, for example vinyl, 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, l-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, l-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, l-methyl-3- butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, l,l-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1 ,2-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1- ethyl-2-propenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, l-methyl-2-pentenyl, 2-methyl-2
  • alkynyl on its own or as part of a chemical group - represents straightchain or branched hydrocarbons preferably having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one triple bond, for example 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, l-methyl-2-propynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1- methyl-3-butynyl, 2-methyl-3-butynyl, l-methyl-2-butynyl, l,l-dimethyl-2-propynyl, l-ethyl-2- propynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl, l-methyl-2-pentynyl, l-methyl-3-pentynyl, 1- methyl-4-pentynyl, 2-methyl-3-pentynyn
  • alkynyls having 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as, inter alia, ethynyl, 2-propynyl or 2-butynyl-2-propenyl.
  • inventive alkynyls may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • cycloalkyl on its own or as part of a chemical group - represents mono-, bi- or tricyclic hydrocarbons preferably having 3 to 10 carbons, for example cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl or adamantyl.
  • the inventive cycloalkyls may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • alkylcycloalkyl represents mono-, bi- or tricyclic alkylcycloalkyl preferably having 4 to 10 or 4 to 7 carbon atoms, for example methylcyclopropyl, ethylcyclopropyl, isopropylcyclobutyl, 3 -methylcyclopentyl and 4-methylcyclohexyl. Preference is also given to alkylcycloalkyls having 4, 5 or 7 carbon atoms such as, inter alia, ethylcyclopropyl or 4-methylcyclohexyl.
  • the inventive alkylcycloalkyls may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • cycloalkylalkyl represents mono-, bi- or tricyclic cycloalkylalkyl preferably having 4 to 10 or 4 to 7 carbon atoms, for example cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl and cyclopentylethyl. Preference is also given to cycloalkylalkyls having 4, 5 or 7 carbon atoms such as, inter alia, cyclopropylmethyl or cyclobutylmethyl.
  • the inventive cycloalkylalkyls may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • hydroxyalkyl represents a straight-chain or branched alcohol preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, s-butanol and t-butanol. Preference is also given to hydroxyalkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the inventive hydroxy alkyl groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • alkoxy represents a straight-chain or branched O-alkyl preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, s-butoxy and t-butoxy. Preference is also given to alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the inventive alkoxy groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • alkylthio represents straight-chain or branched S-alkyl preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n- butylthio, isobutylthio, s-butylthio and t-butylthio. Preference is also given to alkylthio groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the inventive alkylthio groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • alkylsulfinyl represents straight-chain or branched alkylsulfinyl preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, n-propylsulfinyl, isopropylsulfinyl, n-butylsulfinyl, isobutylsulfinyl, s-butylsulfinyl and t-butylsulfinyl.
  • the inventive alkylsulfinyl groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals and embrace both enantiomers.
  • alkylsulfonyl represents straight-chain or branched alkylsulfonyl preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, n-propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, n-butylsulfonyl, isobutylsulfonyl, s-butylsulfonyl and t-butylsulfonyl.
  • the inventive alkylsulfonyl groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • cycloalkylthio or “cycloalkylsulfanyl” represents -S-cycloalkyl preferably having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, for example cyclopropylthio, cyclobutylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio. Preference is also given to cycloalkylthio groups having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • the inventive cycloalkylthio groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • cycloalkylsulfinyl represents -S(O)-cycloalkyl preferably having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, for example cyclopropylsulfinyl, cyclobutylsulfinyl, cyclopentylsulfinyl, cyclohexylsulfinyl. Preference is also given to cycloalkylsulfinyl groups having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • the inventive cycloalkylsulfinyl groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals and embrace both enantiomers.
  • cycloalkylsulfonyl represents -SCh-cycloalkyl preferably having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, for example cyclopropylsulfonyl, cyclobutylsulfonyl, cyclopentylsulfonyl, cyclohexylsulfonyl. Preference is also given to cycloalkylsulfonyl groups having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • the inventive cycloalkylsulfonyl groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • phenylthio or “phenylsulfanyl” represents -S-phenyl, for example phenylthio.
  • the inventive phenylthio groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • phenylsulfinyl represents -S(O)-phenyl, for example phenylsulfinyl.
  • the inventive phenylsulfinyl groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals and embrace both enantiomers.
  • phenylsulfonyl represents -SCh-phcnyl for example phenylsulfonyl.
  • the inventive phenylsulfonyl groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • the inventive alkylcarbonyls may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • alkoxycarbonyl alone or as a constituent of a chemical group - represents straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl, preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkoxy moiety, for example methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, s-butoxycarbonyl and t-butoxycarbonyl.
  • the inventive alkoxycarbonyl groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • alkylaminocarbonyl represents straight-chain or branched alkylaminocarbonyl having preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms or 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, for example methylaminocarbonyl, ethylaminocarbonyl, n-propylaminocarbonyl, isopropylaminocarbonyl, s-butylaminocarbonyl and t-butylaminocarbonyl.
  • the inventive alkylaminocarbonyl groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • 'W,lV-dialkylaminocarbonyl represents straight-chain or branched N,N- dialkylaminocarbonyl having preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms or 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, for example A,Al-dimethylaminocarbonyl, A,lV-diethylaminocarbonyl, A,lV-di(n-propylamino)carbonyl, lV,lV-di(isopropylamino)carbonyl and A,lV-di-(s-butylamino)carbonyl.
  • the inventive N,N- dialkylaminocarbonyl groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • aryl represents a mono-, bi- or polycyclic aromatic system having preferably 6 to 14, especially 6 to 10, ring carbon atoms, for example phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthrenyl, preferably phenyl.
  • aryl also represents fused polycyclic systems such as tetrahydronaphthyl, indenyl, indanyl, fluorenyl, biphenyl, where the bonding site is on the aromatic system.
  • the inventive aryl groups may be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • substituted aryls are the arylalkyls, which may likewise be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals in the Ci-Cralkyl and/or Ce-Cuaryl moiety.
  • arylalkyls include benzyl and phenyl- 1 -ethyl.
  • polycyclic ring refers to fused, bridged and spirocyclic carbocyclic and heterocyclic rings as well as ring systems linked through single or double bonds.
  • heterocycle represents a carbocyclic ring system having at least one ring in which at least one carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom, preferably by a heteroatom from the group consisting of N, O, S, P, B, Si, Se, and which is saturated, unsaturated or heteroaromatic and may be unsubstituted or substituted, where the bonding site is on a ring atom.
  • the heterocyclic ring contains preferably 3 to 9 ring atoms, especially 3 to 6 ring atoms, and one or more, preferably 1 to 4, especially 1, 2 or 3, heteroatoms in the heterocyclic ring, preferably from the group consisting of N, O, and S, although no two oxygen atoms should be directly adjacent.
  • the heterocyclic rings usually contain not more than 4 nitrogen atoms and/or not more than 2 oxygen atoms and/or not more than 2 sulphur atoms.
  • the invention also embraces polycyclic ring systems, for example 8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, l-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, l-oxa-5-azaspiro[2.3]hexyl or 2,3-dihydro-lH- indole.
  • Inventive heterocyclyl groups are, for example, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxanyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, dioxolanyl, dioxolyl, pyrazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, oxetanyl, oxiranyl, azetidinyl, aziridinyl, oxazetidinyl, oxaziridinyl, oxazepanyl, oxazinanyl, azepanyl, oxopyrrolidinyl, dioxopyrrolidinyl, oxomorpholinyl
  • heteroaryls i.e. heteroaromatic systems.
  • heteroaryl represents heteroaromatic compounds, i.e. completely unsaturated aromatic heterocyclic compounds which fall under the above definition of heterocycles. Preference is given to 5- to 7-membered rings having 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2, identical or different heteroatoms from the group above.
  • Inventive heteroaryls are, for example, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, 1,2,3- and 1 ,2,4-triazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-, 1,3,4-, 1,2,4- and 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, azepinyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, 1,3,5-, 1,2,4- and 1,2,3-triazinyl, 1,2,4-, 1,3,2-, 1,3,6- and 1,2,6-oxazinyl, oxepinyl, thiepinyl, 1 ,2,4-triazolonyl and 1 ,2,4-diazepinyl.
  • the inventive heteroaryl groups may also be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals.
  • first substituent level may, if they contain hydrocarbonaceous components, optionally have further substitution therein (“second substituent level”), for example by one or more of the substituents each independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, cyano, isocyano, azido, acylamino, an oxo group and an imino group.
  • second substituent level may, if they contain hydrocarbonaceous components, optionally have further substitution therein (“second substituent level"), for example by one or more of the substituents each independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, cyano, isocyano, azido, acylamino, an oxo group and an imino group.
  • second substituent level may, if they contain hydrocarbonaceous components, optionally have further substitution therein (“second substituent level”), for example by one or more of the substituents each independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, cyano, isocyano, azido
  • halogen-substituted chemical groups or halogenated groups are mono- or polysubstituted by halogen up to the maximum possible number of substituents.
  • groups are also referred to as halo groups (for example haloalkyl).
  • the halogen atoms may be the same or different, and may all be bonded to one carbon atom or may be bonded to a plurality of carbon atoms.
  • Halogen is especially fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine and more preferably fluorine.
  • halogen-substituted groups are monohalocycloalkyl such as 1 -fluorocyclopropyl, 2-fluorocyclopropyl or 1 -fluorocyclobutyl, monohaloalkyl such as 2-chloroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 1 -chloroethyl, 1 -fluoroethyl, chloromethyl, or fluoromethyl; perhaloalkyl such as trichloromethyl or trifluoromethyl or CF2CF3, polyhaloalkyl such as difluoromethyl, 2-fluoro-2-chloroethyl, dichloromethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl.
  • monohaloalkyl such as 2-chloroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 1 -chloroethyl, 1 -fluoroethyl, chloromethyl, or
  • haloalkyls are trichloromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chloromethyl, bromomethyl, 1 -fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,2- trichloroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl and pentafluoro-t-butyl.
  • haloalkyls having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and 1 to 9, preferably 1 to 5, identical or different halogen atoms selected from fluorine, chlorine and bromine. Particular preference is given to haloalkyls having 1 or 2 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 identical or different halogen atoms selected from fluorine and chlorine, such as, inter alia, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl or 2,2-difluoroethyl.
  • halogen-substituted compounds are haloalkoxy such as OCF3, OCHF2, OCH2F, OCF2CF3, OCH2CF3, OCH2CHF2 und OCH2CH2CI, haloalkylsulfanyls such as difluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, trichloromethylthio, chlorodifluoromethylthio, 1-fluoroethylthio, 2-fluoroethylthio, 2,2-difluoroethylthio,
  • radicals having carbon atoms preference is given to those having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, especially 1 or 2 carbon atoms.
  • substituents from the group of halogen e.g. fluorine and chlorine, (Ci-Crjalkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, (Ci-Crjhaloalkyl, preferably trifluoromethyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, preferably methoxy or ethoxy, (C1-C4)haloalkoxy, nitro and cyano.
  • Substituted amino such as mono- or disubstituted amino means a radical from the group of the substituted amino radicals which are ⁇ -substituted, for example, by one or two identical or different radicals from the group of alkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, acyl and aryl; preferably N-mono- and MN-di alkyl ami no, (for example methylamino, ethylamino, A/N-dimethylamino, N, N-diethylamino, N, N-di-n-propylamino, N,N- diisopropylamino or A/N-dibutylamino), W-mono- or N,N-dialkoxyalkylamino groups (for example N- methoxymethylamino, N-methoxyethylamino, N,N-di(methoxymethyl)amino or N,N- di(methoxyethyl)a
  • Substituted amino also includes quaternary ammonium compounds (salts) having four organic substituents on the nitrogen atom.
  • Optionally substituted phenyl is preferably phenyl which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted, preferably up to trisubstituted, by identical or different radicals from the group of halogen, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, (C1-C4)alkoxy-(C1-C4)alkoxy, (C1-C4)alkoxy-(C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)haloalkyl, (C1- C4)haloalkoxy, (C1-C4)alkylthio, (C1-C4)haloalkylthio, (C1-C4)alkylsulfinyl (C1-C4) haloalkylsulfinyl, (C1-C4)alkylsulfonyl (C1-C4)haloalkylsulfonyl, cyano, isocyano and nitro, for example o-,
  • Inventive compounds may occur in preferred embodiments. Individual embodiments described herein may be combined with one another. Not included are combinations which contravene the laws of nature and which the person skilled in the art would therefore rule out on the basis of his/her expert knowledge. Ring structures having three or more adjacent oxygen atoms, for example, are excluded.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) may be in the form of geometric and/or optically active isomers or corresponding isomer mixtures in different compositions. These stereoisomers are, for example, enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers or geometric isomers. Accordingly, the invention encompasses both pure stereoisomers and any mixture of these isomers.
  • the invention furthermore relates to the use of the compounds of the formula (I) as pesticides, in particular crop protection agents.
  • the term "pesticide” in each case also always comprises the term “crop protection agent”.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) having good plant tolerance, favourable homeotherm toxicity and good environmental compatibility, are suitable for protecting plants and plant organs against biotic and abiotic stressors, for increasing harvest yields, for improving the quality of the harvested material and for controlling animal pests, especially insects, arachnids, helminths, in particular nematodes, and molluscs, which are encountered in agriculture, in horticulture, in animal husbandry, in aquatic cultures, in forests, in gardens and leisure facilities, in the protection of stored products and of materials, and in the hygiene sector.
  • the term “hygiene” is understood to mean any and all measures, procedures and practices which aim to prevent disease, in particular infectious disease, and which serve to protect the health of humans and animals and/or to protect the environment, and/or which maintain cleanliness.
  • this especially includes measures for cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation of, for example, textiles or hard surfaces, especially surfaces of glass, wood, concrete, porcelain, ceramics, plastic or also of metal(s), and for ensuring that these are kept free of hygiene pests and/or their excretions.
  • surgical or therapeutic treatment procedures applicable to the human body or to the bodies of animals and diagnostic procedures which are carried out on the human body or on the bodies of animals.
  • honeygiene sector thus covers all areas, technical fields and industrial applications in which these hygiene measures, procedures and practices are important, in relation for example to hygiene in kitchens, bakeries, airports, bathrooms, swimming pools, department stores, hotels, hospitals, stables, animal husbandries, etc.
  • Hygiene pest is therefore understood to mean one or more animal pests whose presence in the hygiene sector is problematic, in particular for health reasons. It is therefore a primary objective to avoid or minimize the presence of hygiene pests, and/or exposure to them, in the hygiene sector. This can be achieved in particular through the application of a pesticide that can be used both to prevent infestation and to tackle an infestation which is already present. Preparations which avoid or reduce exposure to pests can also be used.
  • Hygiene pests include, for example, the organisms mentioned below.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) can preferably be used as pesticides. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or some stages of development.
  • the abovementioned pests include: pests from the phylum of the Arthropoda, in particular from the class of the Arachnida, for example Acarus spp., for example Acarus siro, Aceria kuko, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., for example Aculus fockeui, Aculus pointedendali, Amblyomma spp., Amphitetranychus viennensis, Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., for example Brevipalpus phoenicis, Bryobia graminum, Bryobia praetiosa, Centruroides spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermato
  • Nephotettix spp. Myzus nicotianae, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Neomaskellia spp., Nephotettix spp., for example Nephotettix cincticeps,, Nephotettix nigropictus, Nettigoniclla spectra, Nilaparvata lugens, Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Oxya chinensis, Pachypsylla spp., Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza spp., for example Paratrioza cockerelli, Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., for example Pemphigus bursarius, Pemphigus populivenae, Peregrinus maidis, Perkinsiella spp., Phenacoccus spp., for example Phenacoccus madeirensis, Phloeomy
  • phytoparasitic nematodes in particular Aglenchus spp., for example Aglenchus agricola, Anguina spp., for example Anguina tritici, Aphelenchoides spp., for example Aphelenchoides arachidis, Aphelenchoides fragariae, Belonolaimus spp., for example Belonolaimus gracilis, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Belonolaimus nortoni, Bursaphelenchus spp., for example Bursaphelenchus cocophilus, Bursaphelenchus eremus, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Cacopaurus spp., for example Cacopaurus pestis, Criconemella spp., for example Criconemella curvata, Criconemella onoensis, Criconemella ornata, Criconemella rusium, Criconemella
  • the compounds of the formula (I) can optionally, at certain concentrations or application rates, also be used as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or agents to improve plant properties, as microbicides or gametocides, for example as fungicides, antimycotics, bactericides, viricides (including agents against viroids) or as agents against MLO (mycoplasma-like organisms) and RLO (rickettsia-like organisms). If appropriate, they can also be used as intermediates or precursors for the synthesis of other active compounds. Formulations/Use forms
  • the formulation of the invention can be prepared in conventional manners, for example by mixing the compound of the invention with one or more suitable auxiliaries, such as disclosed herein.
  • the formulation comprises at least one compound of the invention and at least one agriculturally suitable auxiliary, e.g. carrier(s) and/or surfactant(s).
  • agriculturally suitable auxiliary e.g. carrier(s) and/or surfactant(s).
  • a carrier is a solid or liquid, natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance that is generally inert.
  • the carrier generally improves the application of the compounds, for instance, to plants, plants parts or seeds.
  • suitable solid carriers include, but are not limited to, ammonium salts, in particular ammonium sulfates, ammonium phosphates and ammonium nitrates, natural rock flours, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite and diatomaceous earth, silica gel and synthetic rock flours, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates.
  • the carrier may also be a liquefied gaseous extender, i.e. liquid which is gaseous at standard temperature and under standard pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons, butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • a liquefied gaseous extender i.e. liquid which is gaseous at standard temperature and under standard pressure
  • aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons, butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • Preferred liquid carriers are selected from water, fatty acid amides and esters thereof, aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons, lactams, lactones, carbonic acid esters, ketones, (poly)ethers.
  • the amount of carrier typically ranges from 1 to 99.99%, preferably from 5 to 99.9%, more preferably from 10 to 99.5%, and most preferably from 20 to 99% by weight of the formulation.
  • Liquid carriers are typically present in a range of from 20 to 90%, for example 30 to 80% by weight of the formulation.
  • Solid carriers are typically present in a range of from 0 to 50%, preferably 5 to 45%, for example 10 to 30% by weight of the formulation.
  • the formulation comprises two or more carriers, the outlined ranges refer to the total amount of carriers.
  • surfactants include, but are not limited to, salts of polyacrylic acid, ethoxylated polya(alpha-substituted)acrylate derivatives, salts of lignosulfonic acid (such as sodium lignosulfonate), salts of phenolsulfonic acid or naphthalenesulfonic acid, polycondensates of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with or without alcohols, fatty acids or fatty amines (for example, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters such as castor oil ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers), substituted phenols (preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts of sulfosuccinic esters, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyl taurates), phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols, fatty esters of polyols (such a fatty acid esters of g
  • cold stabilizers preservatives (e.g. dichlorophene, benzyl alcohol hemiformal, l,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-on, 2- methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one), antioxidants, light stabilizers, in particular UV stabilizers, or other agents which improve chemical and/or physical stability), dyes or pigments (such as inorganic pigments, e.g. iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue; organic dyes, e.g. alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes), antifoams (e.g.
  • silicone antifoams and magnesium stearate silicone antifoams and magnesium stearate
  • antifreezes stickers, gibberellins and processing auxiliaries, mineral and vegetable oils, perfumes, waxes, nutrients (including trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc), protective colloids, thixotropic substances, penetrants, sequestering agents and complex formers.
  • auxiliaries depends on the intended mode of application of the compound of the invention and/or on the physical properties of the compound(s). Furthermore, the auxiliaries may be chosen to impart particular properties (technical, physical and/or biological properties) to the formulations or use forms prepared therefrom. The choice of auxiliaries may allow customizing the formulations to specific needs.
  • the formulation comprises an insecticidal/acaricidal/nematicidal effective amount of the compound(s) of the invention.
  • effective amount denotes an amount, which is sufficient for controlling harmful insects/mites/nematodes on cultivated plants or in the protection of materials and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the insect/mite/nematode species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant or material, the climatic conditions and the specific compound of the invention used.
  • the formulation according to the invention contains from 0.01 to 99% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 98% by weight, more preferred from 0.1 to 95% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5 to 90% by weight, most preferably from 1 to 80% by weight of the compound of the invention. It is possible that a formulation comprises two or more compounds of the invention. In such case the outlined ranges refer to the total amount of compounds of the present invention.
  • the formulation of the invention may be in any customary formulation type, such as solutions (e.g aqueous solutions), emulsions, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders (e.g. wettable powders, soluble powders), dusts, pastes, granules (e.g. soluble granules, granules for broadcasting), suspoemulsion concentrates, natural or synthetic products impregnated with the compound of the invention, fertilizers and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
  • the compound of the invention may be present in a suspended, emulsified or dissolved form. Examples of particular suitable formulation types are solutions, watersoluble concentrates (e.g.
  • SL LS
  • dispersible concentrates DC
  • suspensions and suspension concentrates e.g. SC, OD, OF, FS
  • emulsifiable concentrates e.g. EC
  • emulsions e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME, SE
  • capsules e.g. CS, ZC
  • pastes pastilles
  • wettable powders or dusts e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS
  • pressings e.g. BR, TB, DT
  • granules e.g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG
  • insecticidal articles e.g.
  • the formulation of the invention is in form of one of the following types: EC, SC, FS, SE, OD, WG, WP, CS, more preferred EC, SC, OD, WG, CS.
  • the outlined amount of compound of the invention refers to the total amount of compounds of the present invention. This applies mutatis mutandis for any further component of the formulation, if two or more representatives of such component, e.g. wetting agent, binder, are present.
  • SL, LS Water-soluble concentrates
  • surfactant e.g. polycondensates of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with alcohols
  • water and/or water-soluble solvent e.g. alcohols such as propylene glycol or carbonates such as propylene carbonate
  • DC Dispersible concentrates
  • surfactant e.g. a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate, or polycondensates of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with or without alcohols
  • surfactant e.g. a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate, or polycondensates of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with or without alcohols
  • waterinsoluble organic solvent e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon
  • a suitable grinding equipment e.g. an agitated ball mill
  • 20-60 % by weight of at least one compound of the invention are comminuted with addition of 2-10 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), 0.1-2 % by weight thickener (e.g. xanthan gum) and water to give a fine active substance suspension.
  • surfactant e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether
  • thickener e.g. xanthan gum
  • water e.g. xanthan gum
  • the water is added in such amount to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance.
  • binder e.g. polyvinylalcohol
  • a suitable grinding equipment e.g. an agitated ball mill
  • 20-60 % by weight of at least one compound of the invention are comminuted with addition of 2-10 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), 0.1-2 % by weight thickener (e.g. modified clay, in particular Bentone, or silica) and an organic carrier to give a fine active substance oil suspension.
  • the organic carrier is added in such amount to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion of the active substance.
  • agitated ball mill 5-25 % by weight of at least one compound of the invention are comminuted with addition of 3-10 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1-5 % by weight binder (e.g. carboxymethylcellulose) and such amount of water to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight.
  • surfactant e.g. sodium lignosulfonate
  • binder e.g. carboxymethylcellulose
  • 1-50 % by weight of at least one compound of the invention are dissolved in such amount of organic solvent, e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon, to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight.
  • organic solvent e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon
  • the compounds of the formula (I) may also be employed as a mixture with one or more suitable fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, molluscicides, nematicides, insecticides, microbiologicals, beneficial species, herbicides, fertilizers, bird repellents, phytotonics, sterilants, safeners, semiochemicals and/or plant growth regulators, in order thus, for example, to broaden the spectrum of action, to prolong the duration of action, to increase the rate of action, to prevent repulsion or prevent evolution of resistance.
  • active compound combinations may improve plant growth and/or tolerance to abiotic factors, for example high or low temperatures, to drought or to elevated water content or soil salinity. It is also possible to improve flowering and fruiting performance, optimize germination capacity and root development, facilitate harvesting and improve yields, influence maturation, improve the quality and/or the nutritional value of the harvested products, prolong storage life and/or improve the processability of the harvested products.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) can be present in a mixture with other active compounds or semiochemicals such as attractants and/or bird repellants and/or plant activators and/or growth regulators and/or fertilizers.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) can be used to improve plant properties such as, for example, growth, yield and quality of the harvested material.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are present in formulations or the use forms prepared from these formulations in a mixture with further compounds, preferably those as described below.
  • the active compounds identified here by their common names are known and are described, for example, in the pesticide handbook (“The Pesticide Manual” 16th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2012) or can be found on the Internet (e.g. http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides).
  • the classification is based on the current IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme at the time of filing of this patent application.
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors preferably carbamates selected from alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb, or organophosphates selected from acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cous
  • GABA-gated chloride channel blockers preferably cyclodiene-organochlorines selected from chlordane and endosulfan, or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles) selected from ethiprole and fipronil.
  • Sodium channel modulators preferably pyrethroids selected from acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin s-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(IR)-trans-isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(lR)-isomer], esfenval
  • Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators preferably avermectins/milbemycins selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin.
  • Juvenile hormone mimics preferably juvenile hormone analogues selected from hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene, or fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen.
  • Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors preferably alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, or chloropicrine or sulphuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators selected from diazomet and metam.
  • Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators preferably pyridine azomethanes selected from pymetrozine and pyrifluquinazon, or pyropenes selected from afidopyropen.
  • Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membranes selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and B. t. plant proteins selected from Cry 1 Ab, Cry 1 Ac, CrylFa, Cry 1 A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry34Abl/35Abl.
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers selected from bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocylam and thiosultap-sodium.
  • Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1 selected from buprofezin.
  • Moulting disruptors in particular for Diptera, i.e. dipterans selected from cyromazine.
  • Ecdysone receptor agonists preferably diacylhydrazines selected from chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.
  • Octopamine receptor agonists selected from amitraz.
  • Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors selected from hydramethylnone, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim and bifenazate.
  • Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors preferably METI acaricides and insecticides selected from fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, or rotenone (Derris).
  • Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers preferably oxadiazines selected from indoxacarb, or semicarbazones selected from metaflumizone.
  • Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion and spirotetramat.
  • Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors preferably phosphides selected from aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide, or cyanides selected from calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.
  • Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors preferably /? ⁇ ?m-kctonitrilc derivatives selected from cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, or carboxanilides selected from pyflubumide.
  • Ryanodine receptor modulators preferably diamides selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flubendiamide and tetraniliprole.
  • GABA-gated chlorid channel allosteric modulators preferably meta-diamides selected from broflanilide, or isoxazoles selected from fluxametamide and isocycloseram.
  • Baculoviruses preferably Granuloviruses (GVs) selected from Cydia pomonella GV and Thaumatotibia leucotreta (GV), or Nucleopolyhedro viruses (NPVs) selected from Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV, Flucypyriprole and Helicoverpa armigera NPV.
  • GVs Granuloviruses
  • NPVs Nucleopolyhedro viruses
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators selected from GS-omega/kappa HXTX-Hvla peptide.
  • Calcium-activated potassium channel KCa2 modulators selected from acynonapyr.
  • NPB Bacterial agents (non-Bt) of unknown or uncertain MoA (Target protein responsible for biological activity is unknown or uncharacterized) selected from Burkholderia spp., and Wolbachia pipientis (Zap).
  • UNE Botanical essence including synthetic, extracts and unrefined oils with unknown or uncertain MoA (target protein responsible for biological activity is unknown, or uncharacterized) selected from Chenopodium ambrosioides near ambrosioides extract and fatty acid monoesters with glycerol or propanediol neem oil.
  • UDF Fungal agents of unknown or uncertain MoA (Target protein responsible for biological activity is unknown, or uncharacterized) selected from Beauveria bassiana strains, Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52, and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Apopka strain 97.
  • Non-specific mechanical and physical disruptors (Target protein responsible for biological activity is unknown, or uncharacterized) selected from Diatomaceous earth, and mineral oil.
  • Inhibitory nucleic acid molecules preferably inhibitory ribonucleic acid molecules (RNAi), preferably inhibitory ribonucleic acid molecules (RNAi) selected from Vadescana (varroa destructor calmodulin gene-specific double-stranded interfering EP15).
  • RNAi inhibitory ribonucleic acid molecules
  • Vadescana varroa destructor calmodulin gene-specific double-stranded interfering EP15
  • Further active compounds selected from Afoxolaner, Bentioflumin, Bisulflufen, Chloroprallethrin, Cryolite, Cybenzoxasulfyl, Cycloxaprid, Cyetpyrafen, Cyhalodiamide, Cyproflanilide (CAS 2375110-88- 4), Esafoxolaner, epsilon-Metofluthrin, epsilon-Momfluthrin, Fenmezoditiaz, Fluchlordiniliprole, Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufenoxystrobin, Flufiprole, Fluhexafon, Fluralaner, Fufenozide, Flupentiofenox, Flupyroxystrobin, Guadipyr, Heptafluthrin, Imidaclothiz, Indazapyroxamet, Iprodione, Isoflualanam, kappa-Bifen
  • WO 2011085575 Al (CAS 1233882-22-8), 4-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-[(3,3-dichloro-2-propen-l-yl)oxy] phenoxy]propoxy]-2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine (known from CN 101337940 A) (CAS 1108184-52-6), (IE)- and 2(Z)-2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-l-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]W-[4- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide (known from CN 101715774 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9), 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(lH-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester (known from CN 103524422 A) (
  • the active compounds identified here by their common names are known and are described, for example, in the pesticide handbook (“The Pesticide Manual” 16th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2012) or can be found on the Internet (e.g. http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides).
  • the classification is based on the current Nematicide IRAC Mode of Action Classification Groups at the time of filing of this patent application.
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors preferably (N-1A) carbamates selected from aldicarb, benfuracarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan and thiodicarb, or (N-1B) organophosphates selected from cadusafos, ethoprofos, fenamiphos, fosthiazate, imicyafos, phorate and terbufos.
  • Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators preferably avermectins selected from abamectin and emamectin benzoate.
  • Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors especially inhibitors of succinatecoenzyme Q reductase, preferably pyridinylmethyl-benzamides selected from cyclobutrifluram and fluopyram.
  • Lipid synthesis/growth regulation modulators especially inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirotetramat.
  • Group N-UN Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action with various chemistries, selected from fluensulfone, fluazaindolizine, furfural, iprodione and tioxazafen.
  • Group N-UNX Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action: Presumed multi-site inhibitors, preferably volatile sulphur generators selected from carbon disulphide and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), or carbon disulphide liberators selected from sodium tetrathiocarbonate, or alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and methyl iodide (iodomethane), or halogenated hydrocarbons selected from 1,2- dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) and 1,3-dichloropropene, or chloropicrin, or methyl isothiocyanate generators selected from allyl isothiocyanate, diazomet, metam potassium and metam sodium.
  • DMDS carbon disulphide and dimethyl disulphide
  • iodomethane alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and methyl iodide (iodomethane)
  • DBCP 1,2- dibromo-3-chloropropane
  • Bacterial agents (non-Bt) of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably bacterium or bacterium-derived, selected from Burkholderia spp., e.g. rinojensis A396, Bacillus spp., e.g. firmus, licheniformis , amyloliquefaciens or subtilis, Pasteuria spp., e.g. penetrans or nishizawae, Pseudomonas spp., e.g. chlororaphis or fluorescens, and Streptomyces spp., e.g. lydicus, dicklowii or albogriseolus .
  • Burkholderia spp. e.g. rinojensis A396, Bacillus spp., e.g. firmus, licheniformis , amyloliquefaciens or subtilis, Pasteuria
  • Further active compounds selected from trifluenfuronate.
  • Further bacterial agents selected from Bacillus spp., e.g. paralicheniformis and velezensis.
  • Further Fungal agents selected from Aspergillus spp., e.g. niger and respective metabolites selected from oxalic acid.
  • fungicidal mixing partners of the classes (1) to (15) can, if their functional groups enable this, optionally form salts with suitable bases or acids.
  • a mixing partner can be present in tautomeric form, such a compound is understood herein above and herein below also to include corresponding tautomeric forms.
  • Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis for example (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenbuconazole, (1.005) fenhexamid, (1.006) fenpropidin, (1.007) fenpropimorph, (1.008) fenpyrazamine, (1.009) Fluoxytioconazole, (1.010) fluquinconazole, (1.011) flutriafol, (1.012) hexaconazole, (1.013) imazalil, (1.014) imazalil sulfate, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.018) metconazole, (1.019) myclobutanil, (1.020) paclobutrazol, (1.021) penconazole, (1.022) prochloraz,
  • Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III for example (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) coumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) fenpicoxamid, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.013) flufenoxystrobin, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.015) kresoxim-methyl, (3.016) mandestrobin, (3.017) metarylpicoxamid, (3.018) metominostrobin, (3.019) metyltetraprole, (3.020) orysastrobin, (3.021) picoxystrobin, (3.022) pyraclostrobin, (3.021) pic
  • Inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division for example (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) fluopimomide, (4.006) metrafenone, (4.007) pencycuron, (4.008) pyridachlometyl, (4.009) pyriofenone (chlazafenone), (4.010) thiabendazole, (4.011) thiophanate-methyl, (4.012) zoxamide, (4.013) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6- methylpyridazine, (4.014) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6- trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, (4.015) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)
  • Compounds capable to induce a host defence for example (6.001) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.002) fosetyl-aluminium, (6.003) fosetyl-calcium, (6.004) fosetyl-sodium, (6.005) isotianil, (6.006) phosphorous acid and its salts, (6.007) probenazole, (6.008) tiadinil.
  • Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis for example (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxy tetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil
  • Inhibitors of the ATP production for example (8.001) silthiofam.
  • Inhibitors of the lipid synthesis or transport, or membrane synthesis for example (10.001) fluoxapiprolin, (10.002) natamycin, (10.003) oxathiapiprolin, (10.004) propamocarb, (10.005) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.006) propamocarb-fosetylate, (10.007) tolclofos-methyl, (10.008) l-(4- ⁇ 4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl ⁇ piperidin-l-yl)-2-[5- methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-pyrazol- 1 -yl] ethanone, ( 10.009) 1 -(4- ⁇ 4- [(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)- 4,5-dihydro-methyl,
  • Inhibitors of the melanin biosynthesis for example (11.001) tolprocarb, (11.002) tricyclazole.
  • Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis for example (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam).
  • Inhibitors of the signal transduction for example (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, (13.006) vinclozolin.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) can be combined with biological pesticides.
  • Biological pesticides comprise in particular bacteria, fungi, yeasts, plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms, including proteins and secondary metabolites.
  • Biological pesticides comprise bacteria such as spore-forming bacteria, root-colonising bacteria and bacteria which act as biological insecticides, fungicides or nematicides.
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 (DSM 231179), or Bacillus cercus, in particular B. cercus strain CNCM 1-1562 or Bacillus firmus , strain 1-1582 (Accession number CNCM 1-1582) or Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34 (Accession No. ATCC 700814) and strain QST2808 (Accession No. NRRL B- 30087), or Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain GB03 (Accession No. ATCC SD-1397), or Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 (Accession No.
  • NRRL B-21661 Bacillus subtilis strain OST 30002 (Accession No. NRRL B -50421) Bacillus thuringiensis, in particular B. thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (serotype FI- 14), strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276), or B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS- 1857 (SD-1372), or B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1, or B. thuringiensis subsp.
  • Bacillus subtilis strain OST 30002 Bacillus subtilis strain OST 30002 (Accession No. NRRL B -50421) Bacillus thuringiensis, in particular B. thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (serotype FI- 14), strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276), or B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai
  • fungi and yeasts which are employed or can be used as biological pesticides are:
  • Beauveria bassiana in particular strain ATCC 74040, Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM-9660), Lecanicillium spp., in particular strain HRO LEC 12, Lecanicillium lecanii, (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii), in particular strain KV01, Metarhizium anisopliae, in particular strain F52 (DSM3884/ ATCC 90448), Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular strain NRRL Y-30752, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (now: Isariafumosorosea), in particular strain IFPC 200613, or strain Apopka 97 (Accesion No.
  • Paecilomyces lilacinus in particular P. lilacinus strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550), Talaromyces flavus, in particular strain VI 17b, Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SCI (Accession Number CBS 122089), Trichoderma harzianum, in particular T. harzianum rifai T39. (Accession Number CNCM 1-952).
  • viruses which are employed or can be used as biological pesticides are:
  • Adoxophyes orana sumr fruit tortrix granulosis virus (GV), Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus (GV), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) mNPV, Spodopterafrugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV, Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) NPV.
  • bacteria and fungi which are added as 'inoculant' to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health. Examples which may be mentioned are:
  • plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms including proteins and secondary metabolites which are employed or can be used as biological pesticides are:
  • the compounds of the formula (I) can be combined with safeners such as, for example, benoxacor, cloquintocet (-mexyl), cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, dichlormid, fenchlorazole (-ethyl), fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen (-ethyl), mefenpyr (-diethyl), naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, 2-methoxy-N-( ⁇ 4-[(methylcarbamoyl)amino]phenyl ⁇ sulphonyl)benzamide (CAS 129531- 12-0), 4-(dichloroacetyl)-l-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane (CAS 71526-07-3), 2,2,5-trimethyl-3- (dichloroacetyl)-l,3-oxazolidine (CAS 52836-3
  • plants are to be understood to mean all plants and plant parts such as wanted and unwanted wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants), for example cereals (wheat, rice, triticale, barley, rye, oats), maize, soya bean, potato, sugar beet, sugar cane, tomatoes, pepper, cucumber, melon, carrot, watermelon, onion, lettuce, spinach, leek, beans, Brassica oleracea (e.g. cabbage) and other vegetable species, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape, and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapevines).
  • cereals wheat, rice, triticale, barley, rye, oats
  • soya bean potato
  • sugar beet sugar cane
  • tomatoes pepper, cucumber, melon, carrot
  • watermelon onion
  • lettuce spinach
  • leek beans
  • Brassica oleracea e.g. cabbage
  • other vegetable species cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape, and also
  • Crop plants can be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant varieties which can or cannot be protected by varietal property rights.
  • Plants should be understood to mean all developmental stages, such as seeds, seedlings, young (immature) plants up to mature plants.
  • Plant parts should be understood to mean all parts and organs of the plants above and below ground, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples given being leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits and seeds, and also tubers, roots and rhizomes. Parts of plants also include harvested plants or harvested plant parts and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example seedlings, tubers, rhizomes, cuttings and seeds.
  • Treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the compounds of the formula (I) is carried out directly or by allowing the compounds to act on the surroundings, environment or storage space by the customary treatment methods, for example by immersion, spraying, evaporation, fogging, scattering, painting on, injection and, in the case of propagation material, in particular in the case of seeds, also by applying one or more coats.
  • plants and their parts are treated.
  • wild plant species and plant cultivars, or those obtained by conventional biological breeding methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and also parts thereof are treated.
  • transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering methods, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (genetically modified organisms), and parts thereof are treated.
  • the term “parts” or “parts of plants” or “plant parts” has been explained above.
  • the invention is used with particular preference to treat plants of the respective commercially customary cultivars or those that are in use.
  • Plant cultivars are to be understood as meaning plants having new properties ("traits") and which have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They can be cultivars, varieties, bio- or genotypes.
  • the compounds of formula (I) can be advantageously used to treat transgenic plants, plant cultivars or plant parts that received genetic material which imparts advantageous and/or useful properties (traits) to these plants, plant cultivars or plant parts. Therefore, it is contemplated that the present invention may be combined with one or more recombinant traits or transgenic event(s) or a combination thereof.
  • a transgenic event is created by the insertion of a specific recombinant DNA molecule into a specific position (locus) within the chromosome of the plant genome.
  • Such advantageous and/or useful properties are better plant growth, vigor, stress tolerance, standability, lodging resistance, nutrient uptake, plant nutrition, and/or yield, in particular improved growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to levels of water or soil salinity, enhanced flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated ripening, higher yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage life and/or processability of the harvested products, and increased resistance or tolerance against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, arachnids, nematodes, mites, slugs and snails.
  • animal and microbial pests such as against insects, arachnids, nematodes, mites, slugs and snails.
  • Bt Cry or VIP proteins which include the CrylA, CrylAb, CrylAc, CryllA, CrylllA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof and also hybrids or combinations thereof, especially the CrylF protein or hybrids derived from a CrylF protein (e.g. hybrid CrylA-CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof), the CrylA-type proteins or toxic fragments thereof, preferably the CrylAc protein or hybrids derived from the CrylAc protein (e.g.
  • the treatment of the plants and plant parts with the compounds of the formula (I) is carried out directly or by action on their surroundings, habitat or storage space using customary treatment methods, for example by dipping, spraying, atomizing, irrigating, evaporating, dusting, fogging, broadcasting, foaming, painting, spreading-on, injecting, watering (drenching), drip irrigating and, in the case of propagation material, in particular in the case of seed, furthermore as a powder for dry seed treatment, a solution for liquid seed treatment, a water-soluble powder for slurry treatment, by incrusting, by coating with one or more coats, etc. It is furthermore possible to apply the compounds of the formula (I) by the ultra-low volume method or to inject the application form or the compound of the formula (I) itself into the soil.
  • a preferred direct treatment of the plants is foliar application, i.e. the compounds of the formula (I) are applied to the foliage, where treatment frequency and the application rate should be adjusted according to the level of infestation with the pest in question.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) also access the plants via the root system.
  • the plants are then treated by the action of the compounds of the formula (I) on the habitat of the plant. This may be done, for example, by drenching, or by mixing into the soil or the nutrient solution, i.e. the locus of the plant (e.g. soil or hydroponic systems) is impregnated with a liquid form of the compounds of the formula (I), or by soil application, i.e. the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention are introduced in solid form (e.g. in the form of granules) into the locus of the plants, or by drip application (often also referred to as "chemigation"), i.e.
  • the liquid application of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention from surface or sub-surface driplines over a certain period of time together with varying amounts of water at defined locations in the vicinity of the plants.
  • this can also be done by metering the compound of the formula (I) in a solid application form (for example as granules) into a flooded paddy field.
  • the compounds of the invention can be used in combination with models e.g. embedded in computer programs for site specific crop management, satellite farming, precision farming or precision agriculture.
  • models support the site specific management of agricultural sites with data from various sources such as soils, weather, crops (e.g. type, growth stage, plant health), weeds (e.g. type, growth stage), diseases, pests, nutrients, water, moisture, biomass, satellite data, yield etc. with the purpose to optimize profitability, sustainability and protection of the environment.
  • crops e.g. type, growth stage, plant health
  • weeds e.g. type, growth stage
  • diseases, pests, nutrients, water, moisture, biomass, satellite data, yield etc. with the purpose to optimize profitability, sustainability and protection of the environment.
  • such models can help to optimize agronomical decisions, control the precision of pesticide applications and record the work performed.
  • the compounds of the invention can be applied to a crop plant according to an appropriate dose regime if a model models the development of a pest and calculates that a threshold has been reached for which it is recommendable to apply the compound of the invention to the crop plant.
  • the compounds of the invention can also be used in combination with smart spraying equipment such as e.g. spot spraying or precision spraying equipment attached to or housed within a farm vehicle such as a tractor, robot, helicopter, airplane, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a drone, etc.
  • smart spraying equipment such as e.g. spot spraying or precision spraying equipment attached to or housed within a farm vehicle such as a tractor, robot, helicopter, airplane, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a drone, etc.
  • UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
  • Such an equipment usually includes input sensors (such as e.g. a camera) and a processing unit configured to analyze the input data and configured to provide a decision based on the analysis of the input data to apply the compound of the invention to the crop plants (respectively the weeds) in a specific and precise manner.
  • positions systems e.g. GPS receivers
  • GIS geographic information systems
  • pests can be detected from imagery acquired by a camera.
  • the pests can be identified and/or classified based on that imagery.
  • identification and/ classification can make use of image processing algorithms.
  • image processing algorithms can utilize machine learning algorithms, such as trained neutral networks, decision trees and utilize artificial intelligence algorithms. In this manner, the compounds described herein can be applied only where needed.
  • methods for the treatment of seed should also take into consideration the intrinsic insecticidal or nematicidal properties of pest-resistant or -tolerant transgenic plants in order to achieve optimum protection of the seed and also the germinating plant with a minimum of pesticides being employed.
  • the present invention therefore in particular also relates to a method for the protection of seed and germinating plants, from attack by pests, by treating the seed with one of the compounds of the formula (I).
  • the method according to the invention for protecting seed and germinating plants against attack by pests furthermore comprises a method where the seed is treated simultaneously in one operation or sequentially with a compound of the formula (I) and a mixing component. It also comprises a method where the seed is treated at different times with a compound of the formula (I) and a mixing component.
  • the invention likewise relates to the use of the compounds of the formula (I) for the treatment of seed for protecting the seed and the resulting plant from animal pests. Furthermore, the invention relates to seed which has been treated with a compound of the formula (I) according to the invention so as to afford protection from animal pests. The invention also relates to seed which has been treated simultaneously with a compound of the formula (I) and a mixing component. The invention furthermore relates to seed which has been treated at different times with a compound of the formula (I) and a mixing component. In the case of seed which has been treated at different points in time with a compound of the formula (I) and a mixing component, the individual substances may be present on the seed in different layers.
  • the layers comprising a compound of the formula (I) and mixing components may optionally be separated by an intermediate layer.
  • the invention also relates to seed where a compound of the formula (I) and a mixing component have been applied as component of a coating or as a further layer or further layers in addition to a coating.
  • the invention relates to seed which, after the treatment with a compound of the formula (I), is subjected to a film-coating process to prevent dust abrasion on the seed.
  • One of the advantages encountered with a systemically acting compound of the formula (I) is the fact that, by treating the seed, not only the seed itself but also the plants resulting therefrom are, after emergence, protected against animal pests. In this manner, the immediate treatment of the crop at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter can be dispensed with.
  • compounds of the formula (I) can be employed in combination with compositions or compounds of signalling technology, leading to better colonization by symbionts such as, for example, rhizobia, mycorrhizae and/or endophytic bacteria or fungi, and/or to optimized nitrogen fixation.
  • symbionts such as, for example, rhizobia, mycorrhizae and/or endophytic bacteria or fungi, and/or to optimized nitrogen fixation.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are suitable for protection of seed of any plant variety which is used in agriculture, in the greenhouse, in forests or in horticulture.
  • this takes the form of seed of cereals (for example wheat, barley, rye, millet and oats), corn, cotton, soya beans, rice, potatoes, sunflowers, coffee, tobacco, canola, oilseed rape, beets (for example sugarbeets and fodder beets), peanuts, vegetables (for example tomatoes, cucumbers, bean, cruciferous vegetables, onions and lettuce), fruit plants, lawns and ornamental plants.
  • cereals for example wheat, barley, rye and oats
  • corn corn, cotton, soya beans, rice, potatoes, sunflowers, coffee, tobacco, canola, oilseed rape, beets (for example sugarbeets and fodder beets), peanuts, vegetables (for example tomatoes, cucumbers, bean, cruciferous vegetables, onions and lettuce), fruit plants,
  • transgenic seed with a compound of the formula (I) is also of particular importance.
  • the heterologous genes in transgenic seed can originate from microorganisms such as Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for the treatment of transgenic seed which comprises at least one heterologous gene originating from Bacillus sp. It is particularly preferably a heterologous gene derived from Bacillus thuringiensis.
  • the compound of the formula (I) is applied to the seed.
  • the seed is treated in a state in which it is stable enough to avoid damage during treatment.
  • the seed may be treated at any point in time between harvest and sowing.
  • the seed usually used has been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits.
  • seed which has been harvested, cleaned and dried down to a moisture content which allows storage Alternatively, it is also possible to use seed which, after drying, has been treated with, for example, water and then dried again, for example priming.
  • the amount of the compound of the formula (I) applied to the seed and/or the amount of further additives is chosen in such a way that the germination of the seed is not adversely affected, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. This must be ensured particularly in the case of active compounds which can exhibit phytotoxic effects at certain application rates.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are applied to the seed in a suitable formulation.
  • suitable formulations and processes for seed treatment are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) can be converted to the customary seed dressing formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, slurries or other coating compositions for seed, and also ULV formulations.
  • customary seed dressing formulations such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, slurries or other coating compositions for seed, and also ULV formulations.
  • formulations are prepared in a known manner, by mixing the compounds of the formula (I) with customary additives such as, for example, customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, colorants, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, antifoams, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and also water.
  • customary additives such as, for example, customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, colorants, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, antifoams, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and also water.
  • Colorants which may be present in the seed-dressing formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all colorants which are customary for such purposes. It is possible to use either pigments, which are sparingly soluble in water, or dyes, which are soluble in water. Examples include the dyes known by the names Rhodamine B, C.I. Pigment Red 112 and C.I. Solvent Red 1.
  • Useful wetting agents which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances which promote wetting, and which are conventionally used for the formulation of agrochemically active compounds. Preference is given to using alkylnaphthalenesulphonates, such as diisopropyl- or diisobutylnaphthalenesulphonates.
  • Useful dispersants and/or emulsifiers which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Preference is given to using nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants.
  • Suitable nonionic dispersants include in particular ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block polymers, alkylphenol poly glycol ethers and tristryrylphenol polyglycol ethers, and the phosphated or sulphated derivatives thereof.
  • Suitable anionic dispersants are in particular lignosulphonates, polyacrylic acid salts and arylsulphonate/formaldehyde condensates.
  • Antifoams which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all foam-inhibiting substances conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Preference is given to using silicone antifoams and magnesium stearate.
  • Preservatives which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances usable for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Examples include dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal.
  • Secondary thickeners which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan, modified clays and finely divided silica are preferred.
  • Adhesives which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all customary binders usable in seed dressing products.
  • Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and tylose may be mentioned as being preferred.
  • the gibberellins are known (cf. R. Wegler "Chemie der convinced- and Schadlingsbekampfungsstoff", vol. 2, Springer Verlag, 1970, pp. 401-412).
  • the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention can be used to treat a wide variety of different kinds of seed either directly or after prior dilution with water.
  • the concentrates or the preparations obtainable therefrom by dilution with water can be used to dress the seed of cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, and triticale, and also the seed of maize, rice, oilseed rape, peas, beans, cotton, sunflowers, soya beans and beets, or else a wide variety of different vegetable seed.
  • the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention, or the dilute use forms thereof, can also be used to dress seed of transgenic plants.
  • the procedure in the seed dressing is to place the seed into a mixer, operated batch- wise or continously, to add the particular desired amount of seed dressing formulations, either as such or after prior dilution with water, and to mix everything until the formulation is distributed homogeneously on the seed. If appropriate, this is followed by a drying operation.
  • the application rate of the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention can be varied within a relatively wide range. It is guided by the particular content of the compounds of the formula (I) in the formulations and by the seed.
  • the application rates of the compound of the formula (I) are generally between 0.001 and 50 g per kilogram of seed, preferably between 0.01 and 15 g per kilogram of seed
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are active against animal parasites, in particular ectoparasites or endoparasites.
  • animal parasites in particular ectoparasites or endoparasites.
  • endoparasite includes in particular helminths and protozoae, such as coccidia.
  • Ectoparasites are typically and preferably arthropods, in particular insects or acarids.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are suitable, with favourable toxicity in warm blooded animals, for controlling parasites which occur in animal breeding and animal husbandry in livestock, breeding, zoo, laboratory, experimental and domestic animals. They are active against all or specific stages of development of the parasites.
  • Agricultural livestock include, for example, mammals, such as, sheep, goats, horses, donkeys, camels, buffaloes, rabbits, reindeers, fallow deers, and in particular cattle and pigs; or poultry, such as turkeys, ducks, geese, and in particular chickens; or fish or crustaceans, e.g. in aquaculture; or, as the case may be, insects such as bees.
  • mammals such as, sheep, goats, horses, donkeys, camels, buffaloes, rabbits, reindeers, fallow deers, and in particular cattle and pigs
  • poultry such as turkeys, ducks, geese, and in particular chickens
  • fish or crustaceans e.g. in aquaculture
  • insects such as bees.
  • Domestic animals include, for example, mammals, such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, mice, chinchillas, ferrets or in particular dogs, cats; cage birds; reptiles; amphibians or aquarium fish.
  • mammals such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, mice, chinchillas, ferrets or in particular dogs, cats; cage birds; reptiles; amphibians or aquarium fish.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are administered to mammals.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are administered to birds, namely cage birds or in particular poultry.
  • birds namely cage birds or in particular poultry.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) to control animal parasites, it is intended to reduce or prevent illness, cases of deaths and performance reductions (in the case of meat, milk, wool, hides, eggs, honey and the like), so that more economical and simpler animal keeping is made possible and better animal well-being is achievable.
  • control means that the compounds of the formula (I) are effective in reducing the incidence of the respective parasite in an animal infected with such parasites to innocuous levels. More specifically, “controlling”, as used herein, means that the compounds of the formula (I) are effective in killing the respective parasite, inhibiting its growth, or inhibiting its proliferation.
  • Exemplary arthropods include, without any limitation from the order of the Anoplurida, for example, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phtirus spp., Solenopotes spp.; from the order of the Mallophagida and the suborders Amblycerina and Ischnocerina, for example Bovicola spp., Damalina spp., Felicola spp., Lepikentron spp., Menopon spp., Trichodectes spp., Trimenopon spp., Trinoton spp., Werneckiella spp.; from the order of the Diptera and the suborders Nematocerina and Brachycerina, for example Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Atylotus spp., Braula spp., Calliphora spp., Chr
  • Siphonapta for example Ceratophyllus spp.; Ctenocephalides spp., Pulex spp., Tunga spp., Xenopsylla spp.; from the order of the Heteropterida, for example Cimex spp., Panstrongylus spp., Rhodnius spp., Triatoma spp. ; as well as nuisance and hygiene pests from the order of the Blattarida.
  • acari may be mentioned by way of example, without any limitation: from the subclass of the Acari (Acarina) and the order of the Metastigmata, for example, from the family of argasidae like Argas spp., Ornithodorus spp., Otobius spp., from the family of Ixodidae like Amblyomma spp., Dermacentor spp., Haemaphysalis spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp , Rhipicephalus spp.
  • Exemplary parasitic protozoa include, without any limitation:
  • Mastigophora such as:
  • Metamonada from the order Vaccinonadida, for example, Giardia spp., Spironucleus spp.
  • Trichomonadida for example, Histomonas spp., Pentatrichomonas spp., Tetratrichomonas spp., Trichomonas spp., Tritrichomonas spp.
  • Euglenozoa from the order Trypanosomatida, for example, Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp
  • Sarcomastigophora such as Entamoebidae, for example, Entamoeba spp., Centramoebidae, for example, Acanthamoeba sp., Euamoebidae, e.g. Hartmanella sp.
  • Leucocytozoon spp. Plasmodium spp.; from the order Piroplasmida e.g. Babesia spp., Ciliophora spp., Echinozoon spp., Theileria spp.; from the order Vesibuliferida e.g. Balantidium spp., Buxtonella spp.
  • Microspora such as Encephalitozoon spp., Enterocytozoon spp., Globidium spp., Nosema spp., and furthermore, e.g. Myxozoa spp.
  • Helminths pathogenic for humans or animals include, for example, acanthocephala, nematodes, pentastoma and platyhelmintha (e.g. monogenea, cestodes and trematodes).
  • Exemplary helminths include, without any limitation:
  • Monogenea e.g.: Dactylogyrus spp., Gyrodactylus spp., Microbothrium spp., Polystoma spp., Troglocephalus spp.
  • Cestodes from the order of the Pseudophyllidea, for example: Bothridium spp., Diphyllobothrium spp., Diplogonoporus spp., Ichthyobothrium spp., Ligula spp., Schistocephalus spp., Spirometra spp.
  • Cyclophyllida for example: Andyra spp., Anoplocephala spp., Avitellina spp., Bertiella spp., Cittotaenia spp., Davainea spp., Diorchis spp., Diplopylidium spp., Dipylidium spp., Echinococcus spp., Echinocotyle spp., Echinolepis spp., Hydatigera spp., Hymenolepis spp., Joyeuxiella spp., Mesocestoides spp., Moniezia spp., Paranoplocephala spp., Raillietina spp., Stilesia spp., Taenia spp., Thysaniezia spp., Thysanosoma spp.
  • Trematodes from the class of the Digenea, for example: Austrobilharzia spp., Brachylaima spp., Calicophoron spp., Catatropis spp., Clonorchis spp.
  • Collyriclum spp. Cotylophoron spp., Cyclocoelum spp., Dicrocoelium spp., Diplostomum spp., Echinochasmus spp., Echinoparyphium spp., Echinostoma spp., Eurytrema spp., Fasciola spp., Fasciolides spp., Fasciolopsis spp., Fischoederius spp., Gastrothylacus spp., Gigantobilharzia spp., Gigantocotyle spp., Heterophyes spp., Hypoderaeum spp., Leucochloridium spp., Metagonimus spp., Metorchis spp., Nanophyetus spp., Notocotylus spp., Opisthorchis spp., Or
  • Nematodes from the order of the Trichinellida, for example: Capillaria spp., Eucoleus spp., Paracapillaria spp., Trichinella spp., Trichomosoides spp., Trichuris spp. from the order of the Tylenchida, for example: Micronema spp., Parastrongyloides spp., Strongyloides spp.
  • Spirurida from the order of the Spirurida, for example: Acanthocheilonema spp., Anisakis spp., Ascaridia spp.; Ascaris spp., Ascarops spp., Aspiculuris spp., Baylisascaris spp., Brugia spp., Cercopithifilaria spp., Crassicauda spp., Dipetalonema spp., Dirofilaria spp., Dracunculus spp.; Draschia spp., Enterobius spp., Filaria spp., Gnathostoma spp., Gongylonema spp., Habronema spp., Heterakis spp.; Litomosoides spp., Loa spp., Onchocerca spp., Oxyuris spp., Parabronema spp
  • Acantocephala from the order of the Oligacanthorhynchida, for example: Macracanthorhynchus spp., Prosthenorchis spp.; from the order of the Moniliformida, for example: Moniliformis spp. from the order of the Polymorphida, for example: Filicollis spp.; from the order of the Echinorhynchida, for example: Acanthocephalus spp., Echinorhynchus spp., Leptorhynchoides spp.
  • Pentastoma from the order of the Porocephalida, for example: Linguatula spp.
  • Fish parasites include crustaceans which in turn include the family Caligidae with representative genus Dissonus, Caligus (i.e. C. curtus, C. elongatus, C. clemensi, C.rogercresseyii), and Lepeophtheirus (i.e. L.
  • the administration of the compounds of the formula (I) is carried out by methods generally known in the art, such as enterally, parenterally, dermally or nasally, in the form of suitable preparations. Administration can be carried out prophylactically, methaphylactically or therapeutically.
  • one embodiment of the present invention refers to the compounds of the formula (I) for use as a medicament.
  • Another aspect refers to the compounds of the formula (I) for use as an antiendoparasitical agent.
  • Another particular aspect refers to the compounds of the formula (I) for use as a anthelmintic agent, more particular for use as a nematicidal agent, a platyhelminthicidal agent, an acanthocephalicidal agent, or a pentastomicidal agent.
  • Another particular aspect refers to the compounds of the formula (I) for use as an antiprotozoal agent.
  • Another aspect refers to the compounds of the formula (I) for use as an antiectoparasitical agent, in particular an arthropodicidal agent, more particular an insecticidal agent or acaricidal agent.
  • veterinary formulations comprising an effective amount of at least one compound of the formula (I) and at least one of the following: pharmaceutically acceptable excipient (e.g. solid or liquid diluents), pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary (e.g. surfactants), in particular a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and/or pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary which is normally used in veterinary formulations.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable excipient e.g. solid or liquid diluents
  • pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary e.g. surfactants
  • a related aspect of the invention is a method for preparing a veterinary formulation as described herein, comprising the step of mixing at least one compound of the formula (I) with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and/or auxiliaries , in particular with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and/or auxiliaries which are normally used in veterinary formulations.
  • veterinary formulations selected from the group of ectoparasiticidal and endoparasiticidal formulations, more particular selected from the group of anthelmintic, antiprotozoal, and arthropodicidal formulations, even more particular selected from the group of nematicidal, platyhelminthicidal, acanthocephalicidal, pentastomicidal, insecticidal, and acaricidal formulations, in accordance with the mentioned aspects, as well as their methods for preparation.
  • Another aspect refers to a method for treatment of a parasitic infection, in particular an infection by a parasite selected from the group of ectoparasites and endoparasites mentioned herein, by applying an effective amount of a compound of the formula (I) to an animal, in particular a non-human animal, in need thereof.
  • Another aspect refers to a method for treatment of a parasitic infection, in particular an infection by a parasite selected from the group of ectoparasites and endoparasites mentioned herein, by applying a veterinary formulation as defined herein to an animal, in particular a non-human animal, in need thereof.
  • Another aspect refers to the use of the compounds of the formula (I) in the treatment of a parasitic infection, in particular an infection by a parasite selected from the group of ectoparasites and endoparasites mentioned herein, in an animal, in particular a non-human animal.
  • treatment includes prophylactic, metaphylactic or therapeutical treatment.
  • mixtures of at least one compound of the formula (I) with other active ingredients, particularly with endo- and ectoparasiticides, for the veterinary field are provided herewith.
  • mixture not only means that two (or more) different active ingredients are formulated in a joint formulation and are accordingly applied together but also refers to products which comprise separate formulations for each active compound. Accordingly, if more than two active compounds are to be applied, all active compounds may be formulated in a joint formulation or all active compounds may be formulated in separate formulations; also feasible are mixed forms where some of the active compounds are formulated jointly and some of the active compounds are formulated separately. Separate formulations allow the separate or successive application of the active compounds in question.
  • the active compounds specified herein by their common names are known and described, for example, in the Pesticide Manual (see above) or can be searched in the internet (e.g. http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides).
  • active ingredients from the group of ectoparasiticides, as mixing partners include, without limitation insecticides and acaricides listed in detail above. Further active ingredients which may be used are listed below following the aforementioned classification which is based on the current IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme: (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors; (2) GABA-gated chloride channel blockers; (3) Sodium channel modulators; (4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators; (5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators; (6) Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators; (7) Juvenile hormone mimics; (8) Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors; (9) Modulators of chordotonal organs; (10) Mite growth inhibitors; (12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, such as, ATP disruptors; (13)
  • Active compounds with unknown or non-specific mode of action e.g., fentrifanil, fenoxacrim, cycloprene, chlorobenzilate, chlordimeform, flubenzimine, dicyclanil, amidoflumet, quinomethionate, triarathene, clothiazoben, tetrasul, potassium oleate, petroleum, metoxadiazone, gossyplure, flutenzin, bromopropylate, cryolite;
  • camphechlor lindane, heptachlor
  • phenylpyrazoles e.g. acetoprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole, vaniliprole, sisapronil
  • isoxazolines e.g. afoxolaner, esafoxolaner, fluralaner, lotilaner, mivorilaner, modoflaner, sarolaner, umifoxolaner
  • pyrazolyl-arylamides e.g. nicofluprole, tigolaner
  • pyrethroids e.g.
  • nithiazine dicloromezotiaz, triflumezopyrim
  • macrocyclic lactones e.g. nemadectin, ivermectin, latidectin, moxidectin, selamectin, eprinomectin, doramectin, emamectin benzoate, milbemycin oxime; triprene, epofenonane, diofenolan; biologicals, hormones or pheromones, for example natural products, e.g. thuringiensin, codlemone or neem components; dinitrophenols, e.g.
  • dinocap, dinobuton, binapacryl e.g. benzoylureas, e.g. fluazuron, penfluron; amidine derivatives, e.g. chlormebuform, cymiazole, demiditraz; tetronic or tetramic acid derivatives, e.g. spidoxamat, spirobudiclofen; beehive varroa acaricides, for example organic acids, e.g. formic acid, oxalic acid.
  • benzoylureas e.g. fluazuron, penfluron
  • amidine derivatives e.g. chlormebuform, cymiazole, demiditraz
  • tetronic or tetramic acid derivatives e.g. spidoxamat, spirobudiclofen
  • beehive varroa acaricides for example organic acids, e.g. formic acid, o
  • Exemplary active ingredients from the group of endoparasiticides, as mixing partners, include, without limitation, anthelmintically active compounds and antiprotozoal active compounds.
  • Anthelmintically active compounds including, without limitation, the following nematicidally, trematicidally and/or cestocidally active compounds: from the class of macrocyclic lactones, for example: eprinomectin, abamectin, nemadectin, moxidectin, doramectin, selamectin, lepimectin, latidectin, milbemectin, ivermectin, emamectin, milbemycin; from the class of benzimidazoles and probenzimidazoles, for example: oxibendazole, mebendazole, triclabendazole, thiophanate, parbendazole, oxfendazole, netobimin, fenbendazole, febantel, thiabendazole, cyclobendazole, cambendazole, albendazole-sulphoxide, albendazole, flu
  • Antiprotozoal active compounds including, without limitation, the following active compounds: from the class of triazines, for example: diclazuril, ponazuril, letrazuril, toltrazuril; from the class of polylether ionophore, for example: monensin, salinomycin, maduramicin, narasin; from the class of macrocyclic lactones, for example: milbemycin, erythromycin; from the class of quinolones, for example: enrofloxacin, pradofloxacin; from the class of quinines, for example: chloroquine; from the class of pyrimidines, for example: pyrimethamine; from the class of sulfonamides, for example: sulfaquinoxaline, trimethoprim, sulfaclozin; from the class of thiamines, for example: amprolium; from the class of lincosamides, for example: clindamycin
  • All named mixing partners can, if their functional groups enable this, optionally form salts with suitable bases or acids.
  • Anopheles malaria, filariasis
  • Flies sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis); cholera, other bacterial diseases;
  • Mites acariosis, epidemic typhus, rickettsialpox, tularaemia, Saint Louis encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, borreliosis;
  • Ticks borellioses such as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato., Borrelia duttoni, tick-borne encephalitis, Q fever (Coxiella burnetii), babesioses (Babesia canis canis), ehrlichiosis.
  • vectors in the sense of the present invention are insects, for example aphids, flies, leafhoppers or thrips, which are capable of transmitting plant viruses to plants.
  • Other vectors capable of transmitting plant viruses are spider mites, lice, beetles and nematodes.
  • vectors in the sense of the present invention are insects and arachnids such as mosquitoes, in particular of the genera Aedes, Anopheles, for example A. gambiae, A. arabiensis, A. funestus, A. dirus (malaria) and Culex, psychodids such as Phlebotomus, Lutzomyia, lice, fleas, flies, mites and ticks capable of transmitting pathogens to animals and/or humans.
  • insects and arachnids such as mosquitoes, in particular of the genera Aedes, Anopheles, for example A. gambiae, A. arabiensis, A. funestus, A. dirus (malaria) and Culex, psychodids such as Phlebotomus, Lutzomyia, lice, fleas, flies, mites and ticks capable of transmitting pathogens to animals and/or humans.
  • Compounds of the formula (I) are suitable for use in the prevention of diseases and/or pathogens transmitted by vectors.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is the use of compounds of the formula (I) for vector control, for example in agriculture, in horticulture, in gardens and in leisure facilities, and also in the protection of materials and stored products.
  • Industrial materials in the present context are understood to mean inanimate materials, such as preferably plastics, adhesives, sizes, papers and cards, leather, wood, processed wood products and coating compositions.
  • plastics such as preferably plastics, adhesives, sizes, papers and cards, leather, wood, processed wood products and coating compositions.
  • the use of the invention for protecting wood is particularly preferred.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are used together with at least one further insecticide and/or at least one fungicide.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are present as a ready-to-use pesticide, i.e. they can be applied to the material in question without further modifications. Suitable further insecticides or fungicides are in particular those mentioned above.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) can be employed for protecting objects which come into contact with saltwater or brackish water, in particular hulls, screens, nets, buildings, moorings and signalling systems, against fouling.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) alone or in combinations with other active compounds, can be used as antifouling agents.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are suitable for controlling animal pests in the hygiene sector.
  • the invention can be applied in the domestic sector, in the hygiene sector and in the protection of stored products, especially for controlling insects, arachnids, ticks and mites encountered in enclosed spaces such as dwellings, factory halls, offices, vehicle cabins, animal husbandries.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are used alone or in combination with other active compounds and/or auxiliaries. They are preferably used in domestic insecticide products.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are effective against sensitive and resistant species, and against all developmental stages.
  • pests from the class Arachnida from the orders Scorpiones, Araneae and Opiliones, from the classes Chilopoda and Diplopoda, from the class Insecta the order Blattodea, from the orders Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Diptera, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera, Phthiraptera, Psocoptera, Saltatoria or Orthoptera, Siphonaptera and Zygentoma and from the class Malacostraca the order Isopoda.
  • Amines of formula (1) or the respective salts may be prepared as illustrated in the following scheme 2 where R 1 is H and A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 are as previously defined.
  • Brominated (aza)quinoxalines of formula (3) can be prepared by methods known to a person skilled in the the art, for example as described in WO 2011/093365.
  • the ester moiety can be converted by means of reductive agents like DIBAL-H in suitable solvents like THF under temperatures ranging from around - 78 °C to 0 °C to provide aldehydes (4).
  • Such aldehydes can be converted with 2-methylpropane-2- sulfinamide (5) into respective aldimines (6) and reacted with Grignard compounds (7) to provide tert.- butylsulfinylamino compounds (8) as described in WO 2018/203235.
  • the protecting butylsulfinyl group can be removed under acidic conditions, for example with 4M HC1 in dioxane.
  • the resulting amine salt (9) can be converted to the Boc -protected amine (10) with di-tert. -butyl dicarbonate in a suitable solvent like dichloromethane in the presence of a base like triethylamine as described in WO 2018/203235.
  • Substitution of bromine can be achieved by Stille-type couplings with tributylstannyl substituted heterocycles (11) in the presenece of palladium catalysts, like tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(O) or dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine) palladium and copper salts like copper(I) iodide as described in Tetrahedron (2013), 69(2), 902-909.
  • NH-heterocycles (12) for introducing the R 4 moiety nucleophilic substitution in the presence of base, for example potassium carbonate, yields intermediates (13) as well.
  • the Boc protection group can be removed under acidic conditions, for example with 4M HC1 in dioxane, to provide amines (1) or the respective salts.
  • amines of formula (1) or the respective salts may be prepared as illustrated in the following scheme 3 where R 1 is H and A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 are as previously defined.
  • Aldehydes of formula (14) are commercially available or may be synthesized by methods known to a person skilled in the art. Such aldehydes can be cross-coupled with heteroaryl aldehydes of formula (15) in the presence of a so-called NHC (N-heterocyclic carbenes) catalysts to obtain cross-benzoin products of formula (16) as described in Organic Letters (2016), 18(18), 4518-4521 or WO 2023/037249.
  • NHC N-heterocyclic carbenes
  • Benzoin products of formula (16) can be easily oxidized to respective bis-oxo derivatives of formula (17), for example by means of oxidation reagents like l,Ll-tris-(acetyloxy)-l,l-dihydro-l,2-benziodoxol-3-(lH)- on (“Dess-Martin reagent”, CAS-number 87413-09-0).
  • Such diektones can be converted by condensation with diamino compounds of formula (18), in suitable solvents like ethanol and in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts like p-TsOH to obtain (aza)quinolines of formula (13) which can be eventually deprotected under acidic conditions, for example with 4M HC1 in dioxane, to provide amines (1) or the respective salts.
  • the organic layer was dried over anhydrous NaiSCL and concentrated under reduced pressure to get the crude as a pale-yellow solid.
  • the crude was purified by using silica gel column chromatography with 25 % ethyl acetate in petrol ether as an eluent to obtain N-[(E)-(3-bromoquinoxalin-2-yl)methylene]-2- methylpropane-2-sulfinamide as an off-white solid (22.0 g, 76 %).
  • the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous NaiSCL and concentrated under reduced pressure to get the crude product as a pale brown solid.
  • the crude was purified by using silica gel column chromatography with 25% ethyl acetate in petrol ether as an eluent to obtain N-[l-(3-bromoquinoxalin-2-yl)ethyl]-2- methyl-propane-2-sulfinamide as off white solid (10.0 g, 43 %).
  • Methyl 3-(difluoromethyl)benzoate (54 g, 290 mmol) was dissolved in CCU (700 mL) and purged with chlorine. The solution was irradiated with tungsten lamp (100 W) until no -CHF2 signal was observed (’H NMR control). Afterwards, the excess of chlorine was removed by argon bubbled through the solution. Then, the volatiles were removed in vacuo to afford dichloromethyl 3- [chloro(difluoro)methyl]benzoate as a colorless oil, which was used in the next step without further purification.
  • step F 3 -[Chloro(difluoro)methyl] -5 -nitrobenzoate (11.3 g, 42.9 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (200 mL) and a solution of NH4CI (11.47 g, 214.5 mmol) in water (50 mL) was added. Then, iron powder (7.19 g, 128.7 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 h (TLC control). The resulting mixture was cooled to r.
  • Methyl 3-amino-5-[chloro(difluoro)methyl]benzoate (8.4 g, 36 mmol) was dissolved in MeCN (110 mL), dimethyl disulfide (6.78 g, 72 mmol) was added, followed by isoamyl nitrite (6.33 g, 54 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h at 80 °C. The resulting mixture was cooled to r. t. and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the reaction mixture was poured into a IN aqueous HC1 and diethyl ether was added to the obtained mixture.
  • the organic layer was separated and washed successively with water and brine.
  • the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a yellow liquid.
  • the crude product was distilled at 3.5 mV. A fraction boiling at 67-70 °C was collected. Pale yellow liquid crystallized upon standing; yield 12.01 g (83%).
  • LC-MS3, LC-MS6 and LC-MS7 Waters Acquity IClass with SQD2 mass spectrometer and FTN sample manager. Linear gradient 0.0 to 1.70 minutes from 10 % acetonitrile to 95 % acetonitrile, from 1.70 to 2.40 minutes constant 95 % acetonitrile, flow 0.85 ml/min.
  • LC-MS4 and LC-MS8 Waters Acquity IClass with QDA mass spectrometer and FTN autosampler. Amsterdamar gradient 0.0 to 2.10 minutes from 10 % acetonitrile to 95 % acetonitrile, from 2.10 to 3.00 minutes constant 95 % acetonitrile, flow 0.7 ml/min. Retention time indices
  • Retention time indices were calculated in all cases according to a homologue series of straight chain alkan- 2-ones with 3 to 16 carbons where the index of the first alkanone was set to 300, the last to 1600, the ones between correspondingly and using linear interpolation between successive alkanones. logP values
  • the logP values were determined in accordance with EC No 440/2008 adapted by (EU) 2016/266, Annex, method A.24 by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) on a phase reversal column (Cl 8): Calibration of the above methods was performed with straight-chain alkan-2-ones (with 3 to 16 carbon atoms) with known logP values. The values between successive alkanones are determined by linear regression. The calibration is checked regularly with 7 test substances with known logP values in the range between 0.7 and 4.3.
  • ’H-NMR data of selected examples are written in form of ’H-NMR peak lists. 8 -Values in ppm and the signal intensity in round brackets are listed to each signal peak. Semicolons are depicted as delimiters between the 8 -value - signal intensity pairs.
  • the peak list of an example has the form:
  • the intensity of sharp signals correlates with the height of the signals in a printed view of a ’H-NMR spectrum in cm and shows the real relations of signal intensities.
  • Several peaks from broad signals or the middle of the signal and their relative intensity in comparison to the most intensive signal in the spectrum can be shown.
  • Tetramethylsilane or the chemical shift of the solvent in cases where the sample does not contain tetramethylsilane is used for a calibration of the chemical shift for ’H spectra. Therefore, the tetramethylsilane peak can occur in ’H-NMR peak lists, but not necessarily.
  • the peaks of stereoisomers of the compounds according to the invention and/or peaks of impurities have usually a lower intensity than the peaks of compounds according to the invention (for example with a purity >90 %).
  • Such stereoisomers and/or impurities can be typical for the specific preparation process.
  • the corresponding peaks can help to recognize the reproduction of the preparation process via “side-products- fingerprints”.
  • An expert who calculates the peaks of the target compounds with known methods (MestreC, ACD- simulation, but also with empirically evaluated expectation values), can assign the peaks of the target compounds as needed, optionally using additional intensity filters. This assignment would be similar to the usual peak picking at classical ’H-NMR interpretations.
  • the used solvent can be extracted from the JCAMP file with the parameter “solvent”, the spectrometer frequency with “observe frequency” and the spectrometer type with “spectrometer/data system”.
  • 13 C-NMR data are displayed analogous to ’H-NMR data as peak lists from broadband decoupled 13 C- NMR spectra.
  • 13 C-NMR solvent signals and tetramethylsilane are excluded from the relative intensity calibration as these signals can have very high intensities.
  • abbreviations denotes that the compound was obtained in an enantiomerically enriched or pure form with the major stereoisomer having the absolute configuration depicted in the drawing.
  • each test tube is filled with 20-50 cattle tick larvae (Rhipicephalus microplus), closed with a perforated lid and incubated in a horizontal position at 85 % relative humidity and 27 °C in an incubator. After 48 hours efficacy is determined.
  • the larvae are patted on the ground of the tubes and negative geotactic behavior is recorded.
  • Larvae that climb back to the top of the vial in a manner comparable to untreated control larvae are marked as alive, larvae not climbing back up comparable to untreated control larvae but are moving uncoordinatedly or only twitching their legs are marked as moribund, tick larvae remaining on the bottom and not moving at all are counted as dead.
  • a compound shows a good efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus, if at a compound concentration of 5 pg/cm 2 an efficacy of at least 80 % is monitored.
  • An efficacy of 100 % means all larvae are dead or moribund; 0 % means no larvae are dead or moribund.
  • ticks Five adult engorged female ticks (Rhipicephalus microplus) are injected with 1 pL compound solution into the abdomen. The ticks are transferred into replica plates and incubated in a climate chamber.
  • the following compounds from the preparation examples showed good activity of 100 % at an application rate of 4 pg/tick: 1-009, 1-010, 1-011, 1-012, 1-013, 1-014, 1-015, 1-017, 1-025, 1-026, 1-027, 1-031, 1-032, 1-033, 1-034, 1-035, 1-036, 1-037, 1-039, 1-040, 1-041, 1-043, 1-045, 1-046, 1-047,
  • 9 mg compound is solved in 1 mL acetone and diluted with acetone to the desired concentration.
  • 250 pL of the test solution is filled in 25 mL glass test tubes and homogeneously distributed on the inner walls by rotation and tilting on a shaking device (2 h at 30 rpm).
  • a compound concentration of 900 ppm an inner surface of 44.7 cm 2 and a homogeneous distribution, a dose of 5 pg/cm 2 is achieved.
  • each test tube is filled with 5-10 adult brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), closed with a perforated lid and incubated in a lying position at room temperature and relative humidity. After 48 hours efficacy is determined. The ticks are patted on the ground of the tubes and are incubated on a heating plate at 45-50 °C for at most 5 minutes. Immotile or uncoordinated moving ticks, which are not able to escape the heat by climbing upwards, are marked as dead or moribund.
  • a compound shows a good efficacy against Rhipicephalus sanguineus, if at a compound concentration of 5 pg/cm 2 an efficacy of at least 80 % is monitored.
  • An efficacy of 100 % means all ticks are dead or moribund; 0 % means no ticks are dead or moribund.
  • Emulsifier alkylarylpolyglycol ether
  • active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvent, and the concentrate is diluted with water, containing an emulsifier concentration of 1000 ppm, to the desired concentration. Further test concentrations are prepared by dilution with emulsifier containing water.
  • Soaked wheat seeds ⁇ Triticum aestivum) are placed in a multiple well plate filled with agar and some water and are incubated for 1 day to germinate (5 seeds per well).
  • the germinated wheat seeds are sprayed with a test solution containing the desired concentration of the active ingredient. Afterwards each unit is infected with 10-20 larvae of the banded cucumber beetle ⁇ Diabrotica balteata).
  • Emulsifier alkylarylpolyglycol ether
  • active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvents and is diluted with water, containing an emulsifier concentration of 1000 ppm, to the desired concentration. Further test concentrations are prepared by dilution with emulsifier containing water.
  • Vessels are filled with sand, a solution of the active ingredient, a suspension containing eggs and larvae of the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and lettuce seeds.
  • the lettuce seeds germinate and the seedlings grow. Galls develop in the roots.
  • the nematicidal effect in percent is determined by the formation of galls. 100 % means no galls were found and 0 % means the number of galls found on the roots of the treated plants was equal to that in untreated control plants.
  • Emulsifier alkylarylpolyglycol ether
  • active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvents and is diluted with water, containing an emulsifier concentration of 1000 ppm, to the desired concentration. Further test concentrations are prepared by dilution with emulsifier containing water.
  • Emulsifier alkylarylpolyglycol ether
  • active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvent, and the concentrate is diluted with water, containing an emulsifier concentration of 1000 ppm, to the desired concentration. Further test concentrations are prepared by dilution with emulsifier containing water.
  • Barley plants (Horde um vulgare) are sprayed with a test solution containing the desired concentration of the active ingredient and are infested with larvae of the southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula).
  • the following compounds from the preparation examples showed good activity of 70 % at an application rate of 500 g/ha: 1-006, 1-012. In this test, for example, the following compounds from the preparation examples showed good activity of 90 % at an application rate of 4 g/ha: 1-063.
  • Emulsifier alkylarylpolyglycol ether
  • active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvents and is diluted with water, containing an emulsifier concentration of 1000 ppm, to the desired concentration. Further test concentrations are prepared by dilution with emulsifier containing water.
  • Maize (Zea mays) leaf sections are sprayed with a preparation of the active ingredient of the desired concentration. Once dry, the leaf sections are infested with fall army worm larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda).
  • the following compounds from the preparation examples showed good activity of 100 % at an application rate of 100 g/ha: 1-002, 1-003, 1-004, 1-005, 1-006, 1-007, 1-008, 1-010, 1-012, 1- 013, 1-014, 1-015, 1-016, 1-017, 1-020, 1-021, 1-022, 1-023, 1-024, 1-025, 1-026, 1-027, 1-028, 1-029, 1-030, 1-031, 1-032, 1-034, 1-035, 1-040, 1-041, 1-043, 1-044, 1-045, 1-047, 1-050, 1-051, 1-054, 1-056, 1-058.
  • the following compounds from the preparation examples showed good activity of 100 % at an application rate of 20 g/ha: 1-003, 1-005, 1-007, 1-008, 1-012, 1-013, 1-014, 1-015, 1-020, 1- 021, 1-022, 1-025, 1-029, 1-031, 1-044, 1-051, 1-053, 1-054, 1-058, 1-059, 1-061, 1-066, 1-068, 1-072, 1-080.
  • Emulsifier 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycolether
  • active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvent and is diluted with water to the desired concentration. Further test concentrations are prepared by dilution with water. Ammonium salt and/or penetration enhancer (rapeseed oil methyl esters) in a dosage of 1000 ppm are added to the desired concentration if necessary.
  • penetration enhancer rapeseed oil methyl esters
  • Cotton leaves (Gossypium hirsutum) are treated by being sprayed with the preparation of the active compound of the desired concentration and are infested with 5 larvae (L2) of the cotton boll worm (Heliothis armigera). After 5 days mortality in % is determined. 100 % means all caterpillars have been killed and 0 % means none of the caterpillars have been killed.
  • the following compounds from the preparation examples showed good activity of 100 % at an application rate of 20 g/ha: 1-012, 1-014, 1-021, 1-068, 1-072.
  • Emulsifier 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycolether
  • active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvent and is diluted with water to the desired concentration. Further test concentrations are prepared by dilution with water. Ammonium salt and/or penetration enhancer (rapeseed oil methyl esters) in a dosage of 1000 ppm are added to the desired concentration if necessary.
  • penetration enhancer rapeseed oil methyl esters
  • Soybean leaves ⁇ Glycine max are treated by being sprayed with the preparation of the active compound of the desired concentration and are infested with 5 larvae (L2) of the fall army worm ⁇ Spodoptera frugiperda).
  • the following compounds from the preparation examples showed good activity of 100 % at an application rate of 20 g/ha: 1-012, 1-014, 1-021, 1-068, 1-072, 1-077, 1-080.
  • Emulsifier 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycolether To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvent and is diluted with water to the desired concentration. Further test concentrations are prepared by dilution with water. Ammonium salt and/or penetration enhancer (rapeseed oil methyl esters) in a dosage of 1000 ppm are added to the desired concentration if necessary. Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea var. sabauda) are treated by being sprayed with the preparation of the active compound of the desired concentration and are infested with 10 larvae (L2) of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostelld).
  • L2 larvae

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne de nouveaux dérivés (aza)quinoxaline substitués par hétéroaryle de formule générale (I), dans laquelle les éléments structuraux A1, A2, A3, A4, R1, R2, R3, R4 et R5 ont la signification donnée dans la description, des formulations et des compositions comprenant de tels composés et leur utilisation dans la lutte contre des animaux nuisibles, notamment les arthropodes et les insectes, dans la protection des plantes et leur utilisation pour lutter contre les ectoparasites sur les animaux.
PCT/EP2025/055119 2024-03-05 2025-02-26 Dérivés de (aza)quinoxaline substitués par hétéroaryle utilisés en tant que pesticides Pending WO2025186065A1 (fr)

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EP24179570 2024-06-03

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