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WO2025176580A1 - Signal de réveil et signal de radiomessagerie combinés et extensions pour signalisation en mode veille - Google Patents

Signal de réveil et signal de radiomessagerie combinés et extensions pour signalisation en mode veille

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Publication number
WO2025176580A1
WO2025176580A1 PCT/EP2025/054109 EP2025054109W WO2025176580A1 WO 2025176580 A1 WO2025176580 A1 WO 2025176580A1 EP 2025054109 W EP2025054109 W EP 2025054109W WO 2025176580 A1 WO2025176580 A1 WO 2025176580A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
mode
operating mode
operating
wireless communication
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2025/054109
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Haustein
Paul Simon Holt Leather
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of WO2025176580A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025176580A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is leader and terminal is follower
    • H04W52/0216—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is leader and terminal is follower using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is leader and terminal is follower
    • H04W52/0219—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is leader and terminal is follower where the power saving management affects multiple terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
    • H04W52/0235—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal where the received signal is a power saving command
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of wireless communication, and more specifically, to devices adapted for a wireless communication.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an example of a terrestrial wireless network 100 including, as is shown in Fig. 1 (a), a core network 102 and one or more radio access networks RANi, RAN 2 , ... RANN.
  • Fig. 1(b) is a schematic representation of an example of a radio access network RAN n that may include one or more base stations gNBi to gNBs, each serving a specific area surrounding the base station schematically represented by respective cells IO61 to IO65. The base stations are provided to serve users within a cell.
  • base station refers to a gNB in 5G networks, an eNB in UMTS/LTE/LTE-A/ LTE-A Pro, or just a BS in other mobile communication standards.
  • a user may be a stationary device or a mobile device.
  • the wireless communication system may also be accessed by mobile or stationary loT devices which connect to a base station or to a user.
  • the mobile devices or the loT devices may include physical devices, ground based vehicles, such as robots or cars, aerial vehicles, such as manned or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the latter also referred to as drones, buildings and other items or devices having embedded therein electronics, software, sensors, actuators, or the like as well as network connectivity that enables these devices to collect and exchange data across an existing network infrastructure.
  • ground based vehicles such as robots or cars
  • aerial vehicles such as manned or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
  • UAVs unmanned aerial vehicles
  • Fig. 1(b) shows an exemplary view of five cells, however, the RAN n may include more or less such cells, and RAN n may also include only one base station.
  • Fig. 1(b) shows two users UE1 and UE 2 , also referred to as user equipment, UE, that are in cell 106 2 and that are served by base station gNB 2 .
  • Another user UE3 is shown in cell IO64 which is served by base station gNB 4 .
  • the arrows IO81, 108 2 and IO83 schematically represent uplink/downlink connections for transmitting data from a user UE1, UE 2 and UE 3 to the base stations gNB 2 , gNB4 or for transmitting data from the base stations gNB 2 , gNB 4 to the users UE1, UE 2 , UE3. Further,
  • a satellite Si may operate, for example, to bridge communication between different base stations, to serve one or more UE and/or a cell on the ground, e.g., as a nonterrestrial base station, to communicate with a different satellite.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an example of a wireless communication system
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematic block diagram relating to different operating modes of the device, according to embodiments.
  • Fig. 13a-c show schematic representations of UE-initiated fall-asleep sequences of the device (UE), according to embodiments;
  • Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in a wireless communication system or network as depicted in Fig. 1 including a transceiver, like a base station, gNB, or relay, and a plurality of communication devices, like user equipment’s, UEs.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a wireless communication system comprising a transceiver 200, like a base station or a relay, and a plurality of communication devices 202i to 202n, like UEs.
  • the UEs might communicated directly with each other via a wireless communication link or channel 203, like a radio link (e.g., using the PC5 interface (sidelink)).
  • the transceiver and the UEs 202 might communicate via a wireless communication link or channel 204, like a radio link (e.g., using the uU interface).
  • the transceiver 200 might include one or more antennas ANT or an antenna array having a plurality of antenna elements, a signal processor 200a and a transceiver unit 200b.
  • the UEs 202 might include one or more antennas ANT or an antenna array having a plurality of antennas, a processor 202a1 to 202an, and a transceiver (e.g., receiver and/or transmitter) unit 202b1 to 202bn.
  • the base station 200 and/or the one or more UEs 202 may operate in accordance with the inventive teachings described herein.
  • loT asset tracking encompasses a wide range of applications across various industries, leveraging real-time insights and data to improve logistics, resource management, and security.
  • Some key use cases include: o Manufacturing and Industrial Industry: loT asset tracking is crucial for real-time monitoring and tracking of physical assets, leading to improved efficiency, optimized production, reduced costs, and enhanced safety and regulatory compliance in the workplace.
  • o Transportation and Logistics Real-time location systems (RTLS) tracking can minimize human errors, losses, and theft, providing insights into the movement of items through the supply chain. This can lead to improved logistics, resource management, and security.
  • RTLS Real-time location systems
  • loT asset tracking solutions are used to track the location of vehicles in a fleet, enabling efficient monitoring and management of transportation assets.
  • loT devices play a key role in smart and secure homes, with sensors, lights, alarms, and cameras connected via loT to provide security, 24x7.
  • Activity Trackers loT devices are used in activity trackers to monitor and track physical activities.
  • loT devices vary in terms of functionality but typically include an integrated CPU, firmware, and a network adapter. They are often connected to a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server and acquire an IP address to function on the network. Most loT devices are designed to operate on private networks, and some are directly accessible over the public internet. Many loT devices are configured and managed through a software application, while some have integrated web servers, eliminating the need for external applications.
  • DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
  • the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has standardized various radio access technologies for loT devices. These technologies include LTE-M (Long-Term Evolution for Machines) and NB-loT (Narrowband loT), which are designed to provide efficient connectivity for loT devices with extended battery life and improved coverage.
  • LTE-M Long-Term Evolution for Machines
  • NB-loT Nearband loT
  • loT devices have diverse applications ranging from industrial and commercial use to home security, activity tracking, and military applications. They are connected to the Internet through various standardized radio access technologies (RATs), including IEEE Wi-Fi and 3GPP LTE-M and NB-loT, the latter of which prioritize extended battery life and efficient connectivity.
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • PSM PowerSaving Modes
  • eDRX Extended Discontinuous Reception
  • LTE-M Low Transmission Time
  • This reduced transmission time improves battery life as devices can quickly return to sleep mode to save power.
  • NB-loT modules require less energy than LTE-M modules, contributing to extended battery life. Additionally, the reach of NB-loT’s wavelength is better than LTE-M’s, including inside buildings, which can further optimize energy consumption and battery life.
  • NB-loT is designed to work with constrained devices that have serious processing power, network connectivity, or battery life limitations. It offers considerable benefits in indoor coverage, low cost, and high connection density, supporting an excellent battery life for many use cases, possibly exceeding a 10-year mark.
  • loT devices can be operated in very low-power or so-called sleep modes. loT modes
  • loT devices can be put into a so-called sleep mode through which the power consumption of the device can be reduced when compared to other modes. This reduces the overall energy consumed by the devive and thus extends in operational lifetime.
  • the device can operate in a “sleep mode”, it needs to have the means to be awoken.
  • the wake-up and wake-while-sleeping processes are therefore crucial for extending the operational life of battery-powered loT devices. These processes enable devices to conserve energy during periods of inactivity and efficiently manage power consumption. The following methods are used to achieve this:
  • loT devices utilize deep sleep mode to minimize power consumption during periods of inactivity. In this mode, the device shuts down non- essential components and enters a low-power state, conserving energy while remaining operational. This allows the device to extend its operational life by reducing unnecessary power consumption
  • Wake-Up receivers play a significant role in extending the battery life of loT devices. These receivers enable devices to remain in a low-power state until triggered by an external signal or event, such as a specific sensor reading or a communication request. By activating the device only when necessary, wake-up receivers minimize overall power consumption, thereby extending the operational life of the device.
  • loT devices implement efficient power management strategies to optimize energy usage. This includes the ability to quickly transition between sleep and active states, minimizing the time spent in high-power modes. Additionally, power management techniques ensure that the device consumes minimal power while in a sleep state, contributing to extended operational life
  • Sleeping devices can refer to user equipment (UE), custromer premises equipment (CPE), basestations (eNB and gNB) or relays which are neither in active transmission mode nor in active reception mode.
  • Active mode refers to a regular message exchange on control plane (CP) or user plane (UP) or the monitoring of cell broadcasts from a gNB. This allows a device to save energy while being dormant, inactive or idle. However, such devices is preferably or sometimes even must be equipped with a low-power receiver so that the device can be awoken in response to a wireless (wake-up) signal transmitted from another device. It should be noted that the wake-up signal does not have to be a cell broadcast signal or a paging signal.
  • loT applications and use cases that comprise loT devices which have been deployed but have not yet been used include:
  • misplaced assets are wide ranging and are not limited to include: roadside furniture; hospital equipment such as beds, wheelchairs, trolleys and gas bottles; animals; people; vehicles that are driven, flown or sailed. In such situations, the whereabouts of the initial service deployment or location would be useful, even before the device is used or activated upon the detection of vibration for example.
  • loT sleepers or sleeping devices In the description of loT sleepers or sleeping devices, the inventors have identified two sets of devices:
  • a first set of sleepers or sleeping devices comprises devices which have not yet been used.
  • a first set of sleepers or sleeping devices comprises devices which have not yet been used.
  • the approximate location of a deployed device is either known or not known by the network.
  • the network has to be provided with one or more of the following pieces of information: o
  • the identity of the device e.g. a serial number, MAC address, IMSI.
  • the devices’ identity can be validated through an MNO using techniques such as geo-fencing and/or in combination with over-the-top software services (two-step verification for example to a manufacturer’s database).
  • the device has been deployed or has not been deployed or when it is planned to be deployed. o Whether or not the device’s wake-up receiver is activated or when it will be activated. o Whether or not the device’s standardized RAT (e.g. LTE, NR) receiver is activated or when it will be activated. For example, the device will then listen to downlink channels including the broadcast and paging channels.
  • standardized RAT e.g. LTE, NR
  • a second set of sleeper or sleeping devices comprises devices which have already been used: o
  • the device’s wake-up receiver is activated.
  • the device’s standardized RAT (e.g. LTE, NR) receiver is activated.
  • a sleeping device can be awoken from its sleep mode by different means not limited to include the following examples: after a defined time period from deployment; upon a trigger event such as a sensor level compared to a threshold; a movement detected by a motion detector or a GNSS service; or through the use of a wake-up signal received by the device’s wake-up receiver.
  • a trigger event such as a sensor level compared to a threshold
  • a movement detected by a motion detector or a GNSS service or through the use of a wake-up signal received by the device’s wake-up receiver.
  • US 2018/0332533 A1 assumes that the UE is always in coverage, that the network is always available and that the UE can always connect to it.
  • the invention presented herein does not rely on such assumptions and therefore offers solutions to situations in which the UE is out-of- coverage, the network is not always available and the UE cannot therefore always connect to it.
  • Solution 1 How to notify a network about the existence of deployed (loT) devices before they are used for the first time, that is, before the first connection of the devices to the network is established? Solution 1 :
  • one or more components of the communication arrangement may be maintained in an inactive state wherein a number of such one of more components may be adapted to allow a lesser power consumption in the sleep mode than in the awake mode.
  • one or more components of the communication arrangement may be maintained in an inactive state, wherein a number of such one of more components may be adapted to allow a lesser power consumption in the deep sleep mode than in the sleep mode.
  • the communication arrangement allows for switching, or changing, from the second operating the mode (the sleep mode) to the first operating mode (the awake mode) based on the wake up signal, WUS, received by the device, and from the third operating mode (the deep sleep mode) to the second operating mode (the sleep mode) based on the pre-wake up signal, PWUS, received by the device.
  • the communication arrangement may comprise a set of procedures for operating in an operating mode belonging to the set of operating modes.
  • the set of procedures may be associated with organizing communication between the device (UE) (and additional UEs, if preferred) and the network.
  • the set of procedures may comprise any of: one or more network management mechanisms, one or more connection establishment mechanisms, one or more resource allocation mechanisms, one or more synchronization mechanisms, one or more session management mechanisms, and one or more coding mechanisms.
  • the second receiver unit may comprise an average power consumption being lower than an average power consumption of the first receiver unit.
  • the communication arrangement may comprise one or more variable receiver stages adapted to consume a different amount of power in different configurations.
  • a first configuration of the one or more variable receiver stages of the communication arrangement may be configured for receiving or processing the pre-wakeup signal, PWUS, and not the wakeup signal, WUS.
  • a second configuration of the one or more variable receiver stages the communication arrangement may be configured for receiving or processing the wakeup signal, WUS.
  • the one or more variable receiver stages may use a different number of stages.
  • the one or more variable receiver stages may adapt at least one element of a receiver stage.
  • the communication arrangement in the first configuration, may comprise an average power consumption that is lower than than in the second configuration.
  • the communication arrangement of the device may comprise at least two, or at least three, or at least four operating modes.
  • a cardinality of the set of operating modes may be at least two, or at least three, or at least four, that is more than four.
  • the solution may also involve:
  • the device itself is sending a beacon, once or repeatedly.
  • the beacon signal contains information describing how the device sending the beacon signal should be activated (e.g. frequency, signal type, wake-up pattern/sequence). Public key encryption.
  • the device may enter the first operating mode (awake mode) for transmitting a beaconing signal using the communication arrangement and may leave the first operating mode (awake mode) again, i.e., after the transmission.
  • the device may enter/transition from the second (sleep) or the third (deep sleep) operating mode or the other operating modes for the transmission of the beaconing signal.
  • the device may be configured to transmit the beaconing signal once or repeatedly.
  • the repeated transmission of the beaconing signal may be performed at a specific beaconing signal frequency.
  • this specific beaconing signal frequency may be predetermined. This means that the beaconing signal may transmitted at regular intervals.
  • the beaconing signal could be transmitted repeatedly in a specific pattern without a specific beaconing signal period/frequency.
  • this predetermined beaconing frequency could be made known or available to the network 100.
  • the beaconing signal may comprise beaconing signal information such as at least one of the predetermined beaconing signal frequency, a beaconing signal type and a wake-up pattern (or equivalently, wake-up sequence).
  • the beaconing signal along with the comprised beaconing signal information, may be encrypted using public key encryption technology. Additionally or alternatively, other encryption technologies may be used.
  • Multi-stage wake-up/initialization/configuration (with or without a bi-directional flow of information). Achieved through the use of a change of the information content of the beacon signal (short beacon, mid-length beacon, long beacon etc.)
  • multi-stage wake up mechanisms may, for instance, comprise an exchange of the beaconing signal and the beaconing signal information from the network to the device and vice versa, implying a bidirectional flow of the exchange.
  • the multi-stage wake up mechanisms may comprise a processing of the beaconing signal information.
  • a set of lengths or time periods associated with the beaconing signal may be altered.
  • the beaconing signal information may comprise different lengths or time periods associated with different characteristics of the beaconing signal(s) as options or parameters to be chosen/fixed.
  • an exemplary classification of the beaconing signal(s) depending on their lengths or time periods may include short beacon, mid-length beacon and long beacon among others.
  • the solution may involve:
  • the content of the beacon signal can change to include information that describes: o how long the loT device will sleep before it next awakes; o how long it will be awake the next time it awakes; or o the next beacon transmission (relative to, absolute (to own clock by including the loT current time in the beacon))
  • the beaconing signal(s) may indicate at least one of:
  • beacon signal • information indicating a time and/or resources used to transmit a next beacon signal, e.g., as relative information or as absolute information
  • This list of indications may, for instance, be comprised as part of the beaconing signal information.
  • the information (including timing, control and resource allocation) associated with the next beacon transmission may be provided relative to a predetermined timing standard, wherein the predetermined timing standard may be part of the communication arrangement that the device comprises. Additionally, or alternative, this predetermined timing standard may be established in the network to which the device belongs. For instance, the predetermined timing standard may be absolute, meaning that, it may be set to a (internal) clock of the device. Further, for example, the location information of the device may correspond to a spatial location or a processed location of the device. The processed location of the device may, for instance, be determined on a basis of information associated with signals received and/or transmitted by the device.
  • the solution may also involve:
  • the device can send a beacon in the form of a suitably formatted or structured wake- me-up signal (WMLIS) which allows the network to identity the WMLIS as a beacon rather than as a request for the network to awake the device.
  • WMLIS is neither a request nor a response.
  • the device may transmit the beaconing signal as an beaconing wake me up signal (i.e. a beaconing WMLIS) along with information identifying the beaconing WMLIS as a beacon.
  • a beaconing WMLIS an beaconing wake me up signal
  • the network receives the beaconing WMLIS and the associated information, it identifies the transmitted beaconing WMLIS as the beaconing signal by virtue of the transmitted information.
  • the solution may involve:
  • gNB uses extremely narrowband signals (like NB-loT) to wake up the sleeping device.
  • the narrowband signal allows for aggregated power spectral density to support simple omni-Rx antennas.
  • a first sequence could be allocated within a coarser frequency grid followed by a finer frequency allocation (another information element) to distinguish UEs and/or address modes, e.g. alerts such as by a public warning system, PWS, an earthquake and tsunami warning system, ETWS and/or commercial mobile alert system, CMAS.
  • a third stage could cover the full wake up of the receiver, when the UE is addressed to become ready for paging or to start PRACCH.
  • the narrowband signal could be swept with and without a particular sweep property I pattern allowing the receiver to do frequency sync.
  • the mechanism may comprise: secondly, further processing (e.g. allocation, or reallocation) of the first sequence to obtain a second sequence in association with a frequency grid having a second pitch, which is finer than the first pitch.
  • further processing e.g. allocation, or reallocation
  • the second sequence in association with a finer frequency grid, or less coarsely spaced than earlier (due to the fine allocation) allows a distinction between devices (UEs) and/or address mode (e.g. public warning messages and/or commercial mobile messages).
  • the mechanism may comprise: thirdly, the second sequence could be used to switch the device into the first operating mode and allow the device to perform further functions associated with paging and/or initial access to the network.
  • the further functions may comprise a reception of paging signals and/or initialization of PRACCH by the device.
  • the receiver may perform a synchronization (e.g. a frequency synchronization) with the device (UE).
  • the device may be a battery powered device.
  • NW when NW discovers that a particular device (e.g. the device, or alternatively, one or more devices of a group of devices) is not responding to wakeup signals transmitted in a particular paging area, then: o the NW can extend the paging area or conclude that the device is currently or permanently not reachable within the previously known paging area; o NW could start repeated paging to re-establish connectivity to the device; o NW can increase paging area; o NW can go through various paging areas in a sequence; o NW can send a ETWS like message combined with a cell-ID or paging area ID to request a response of all sleeping UEs which have not been in that paging area the last time they detected such signal. Such signal can be transmitted in a channel usually monitored by wake up receivers.
  • a particular device e.g. the device, or alternatively, one or more devices of a group of devices
  • the device may: detect a dynamic stimulus (such as a motion or a vibration), determine the current location information taking into account the dynamic stimulus and perform switching to the first operating mode (awake mode) from either the second (sleep mode) or the third (deep sleep) operating mode on a basis of the current location information, wherein in the case the current location information is determined to differ from a previous location information, the device may receive the WUS (and the PWUS if relevant) to perform the switching, and transmit the current location information and wherein in the case the current location information is determined to not differ from, or is the same as, the current location information for a specific time interval, the device may perform the switching and remain in the first operating mode for an awake time interval.
  • a dynamic stimulus such as a motion or a vibration
  • the switching from the second to the first operating mode may be direct (e.g. may comprise a single mode switch/change), while the switching from the third to the second operating mode may be indirect (e.g. may comprise more than one mode switches/changes).
  • the device may measure the received wireless signal in intervals.
  • the intervals may be fixed or regular or equally spaced. Alternatively, the intervals may be adaptable/configurable or unequally spaced.
  • the device may access the network to update its current location information, i.e. its cell location, or equivalently, its location in the network. The device may transmit the current location information for the same. Additionally, or alternatively, the device, or UE, may transmit a specific message or a specific beaconing signal for allowing the network to identify an identity and the current location information associated with the device.
  • Information element A structural element containing a single or multiple fields is referred to as information element.
  • the devices described herein may be configured to operate in operating modes wherein only reception of wireless communication signals is allowed with help of the aforementioned mechanisms.
  • Closed-loop mechanisms e.g. explicit feedback from an MT (mobile termination) or indirect/implied/inferred feedback based on the use of identifiable signalling, modulation. Directly to the controlling entity or indirectly via observing/monitoring entities.
  • the devices described herein may be configured to operate in operating modes wherein transmission of wireless communication signals is limited with help of the aforementioned mechanism.
  • Embodiments provide solutions to the technical problem of how should WUS be designed in terms of frequency assignment, time assignment and sequencing.
  • Wake-up receivers usually use a sequence of signals arranged in the power and pulse width or position domain.
  • the communication arrangement may comprise a wake up receiver unit, WUR, adapted to receive the wakeup signal, wherein the WUR is active in the second operating mode and inactive in the third operating mode.
  • the communication arrangement may comprise a pre-wake up receiver, PWUR, adapted to receive the pre-wake up signal; wherein the PWUR is active in the third operating mode. More details on both the WUR and the PWUR will be provided later in the disclosure.
  • the communication arrangement may comprise a monitoring unit.
  • the monitoring unit may check for control information provided to the device, for instance, by the network. This control information could be involved in one or more mechanisms of the wireless communication. For example, one or more mechanisms may comprise scheduling, resource allocation, transmission indication, power control among others.
  • the monitoring unit may be active in the first operating mode and may be inactive in the second operating mode as well as the third operating mode.
  • An example of the monitoring unit is a physical downlink control channel, PDCCH, monitoring unit.
  • the present application further proceeds with detailing different types of signalling of the wake up signal, WUS, and the pre-wake up signal, PWLIS, in relation to a first frequency band (having a bandwidth) used for operations of the device described herein.
  • the first frequency band may be associated with a carrier frequency associated with the device.
  • the first frequency band may be centered upon the carrier frequency associated with the device.
  • These types of signalling comprise in-band signalling, out-of-band signalling and hybrid signalling.
  • In-band signalling may refer to the signalling of the WUS and/or the PWUS within the band of the device whereas out-of-band signalling may refer to signalling of the WUS and/or the PWUS out of the band of the device.
  • Hybrid signalling may refer to signalling of the WUS and/or the PWUS, wherein one of the WUS and PWUS is signalled within the band and the other is signalled out of the band.
  • the pre-wake-up signal (PWUS) and the wake-up signal (WUS) can be arranged to occupy resource elements: within the bandwidth part (BWP) used by the loT deviceSignal composition — so-called in-band signalling (IBS); outside of the BWP — out-of-band signalling (OBS); or a combination of the two.
  • BWP bandwidth part
  • IBS in-band signalling
  • OBS out-of-band signalling
  • partial or fragmented PWLIS signals can be sent at different times and/or different frequencies. These are combined by the device which then decides whether to power on its WUR.
  • the PWLIS band 434b, 1 arranged on the left of the left guard band 440b, 1 and the PWLIS band 434b, 2 arranged on the right of the right guard band 440 b ,2 are symmetric in terms of their position in the frequency domain but do not overlap or share their sequential time slots.
  • the third frequency bands (the PWLIS bands) 434 b ,i , 434b, 2 are spaced from the guard bands 440b, 1 , 440b, 2 having the spacing between them. By virtue of being symmetrically arranged, the spacing is the same for the third frequency bands 434 b ,i , 434b, 2.
  • Fig. 4c can also be considered as a variation of the embodiment presented in Fig. 4a, wherein only the second frequency bands 430 c ,i , 430 c ,2 (the WUS bands) are present whilst the third frequency bands (the PWUS bands) are absent.
  • asymmetric signal transmission for the PWUS and/or the WUS may be used.
  • Asymmetric here means frequency asymmetric with respect to the carrier frequency of the first frequency band (i.e. the BWP).
  • the signal transmission may use a left OOB and a right OOB signal suitably designed to allow correlation detection of the carrier frequency.
  • Figs. 4d and 4e present examples 400d , 400 e of asymmetric signal transmission in accordance with embodiments. It is noted that Fig. 4d can be considered as a variation of the exemplary signalling representation presented in Fig.
  • the at least one signal within the second frequency band or within the third frequency band may be used as the left out of band signal, or at least another signal within the second frequency band or within the third frequency band may be used as the right out of band signal. It is emphasized here in embodiments that either the left out of band signal or the right out of band signal may be used.
  • the left out of band and the right out of band signals may be configured for determination of the carrier frequency associated with the first frequency band. For instance, the determination of the carrier frequency may be based upon a correlation of the left or the right out of band signals.
  • Fig. 4d shows a pictorial representation 400d Of the first frequency band (i.e. the bandwidth part (BWP) being used for loT operation) in which the pre-wake-up signals (the PWUS band) and the wake-up signals (the WUS band) are operable outside of the first frequency band 420 d (or the spectrum used for the loT BWP).
  • This figure is an instantiation of out-of-band, low-side spectrum signalling.
  • low-side spectrum here refers to the arrangement of the PWUS 434 d ,i and the WUS bands 430 d ,i outside in the lower frequency side of the first frequency band 420 e .
  • sequential time slots associated with the PWUS 434 d and the WUS 430 d ,i bands are overlapped.
  • Fig. 4e shows a pictorial representation 400 e of the first frequency band (i.e. the bandwidth part (BWP) being used for loT operation) in which the pre-wake-up signals (PWUS) and the wake-up signals (WUS) are operable outside of the first frequency band 420 e (or the spectrum used for the loT BWP).
  • This figure is an instantiation of out-of-band, high-side spectrum signalling, t is noted that high-side spectrum here refers to the arrangement of the PWUS 434 e ,2 and the WUS bands 430 e ,2 outside in the higher frequency side of the first frequency band 420 e .
  • sequential timeslots associated with the PWUS 434 e ,2 and the WUS 430 e ,i bands are overlapped.
  • Hybrid signalling (in-and out-of-band) So far, in-band signalling and out-of-band signalling has been described in regards to Figs. Safa and Figs. 4a-e respectively. Hybrid signalling meaning a combination of in-band signalling and out-of-band signalling is described in regards to Fig. 5. Before Fig. 5 is described in more detail, it is emphasised here that embodiments (and details thereof) presented in Figs. 3a-b and Figs. 4a-e can be combined with each other to yield further embodiments. Instead of explicitly explaining every feasible combination borne out of the previously described details, for the sake of brevity and conciseness of this disclosure, one of such feasible combinations is rather presented. The detailing of this particular combination as an embodiment shall not exclude the other possible combinations of in-band and out-of-band signalling approaches.
  • the device may be adapted to receive the WUS in the second frequency band being inside the first frequency band used in the first operating mode and to receive the PWUS in the third frequency band being outside the first frequency band.
  • the WUS is received in the second frequency band being outside the first frequency band and the PWUS is received in the third frequency band being inside the first frequency band is feasible.
  • the third frequency bands (the PWUS bands) 534i, 5342 have been symmetrically arranged on sides of the guard band 540i, 5402 with the spacing between them, asymmetric arrangements as already described are feasible. Further possible are asymmetric arrangements of the PWUS bands 534i, 5342 in terms of their time slots so that they no longer overlap or partially overlap.
  • Figs. 6a-c show pictorial representations 600 a , 600b, 600 c of different scenarios in which the device is awakened from sleep modes 650 a ,i , 650b, 1, 650 c ,i , 650 c ,2 (i.e. the device may either be in the second operating mode or in the third operating mode).
  • the term awakening here refers to the eventual switching of the operating mode of the device from the second or the third operating mode (sleep and deep sleep modes respectively) to the first operating mode (awake mode), wherein the device is able to receive the wireless communication signal.
  • this switching/changing/toggling may be achieved using a signal such as the PWLIS and the WUS.
  • Fig. 6a shows a pictorial representation 600 a of the device (e.g. the device being an loT device) changing its mode of operation according to the pre-wake-up signal (PWLIS) 660 a .
  • PWLIS pre-wake-up signal
  • the device After operating in its first operating mode 650 a ,2 (i.e. the awake mode), the device enters a different mode 650 a , 3 .
  • the device is at first in the deep sleep mode (i.e. the third operating mode) 650 a ,i and receives the PWLIS 660 a , thereby transitioning to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 650 a , 2 .
  • the device could participate in the wireless communication from the network such as for receiving the wireless communication signal.
  • a duration for which the device remains in the first operating mode 650 a ,2 (or equivalently, a length of time elapsed in the first operating mode 650 a ,2) could be adapted through messages or instructions associated with the PWLIS signal 660 a . Additionally, or alternatively, such instructions or messages could, for instance, also be provided once the device enters the first operating mode 650 a ,2.
  • the device transitions to the different mode 650 a ,3 from the first operating mode 650 a , 2 .
  • this could be due to instructions or messages received in the first operating mode 650 a , 2 .
  • this could also be achieved, for example, due to instructions or messages received associated with the PWLIS signal 660 a .
  • instructions or messages associated with the PWLIS signal 660 a could indicate a sequential switching first to the awake mode 650 a , 2 (and its corresponding duration) and then to the different mode 650 a , 3 .
  • Fig. 6b shows a pictorial representation 660b of the device (e.g. the device being an loT device) changing its mode of operation according to the wake-up signal (WUS) 670b.
  • the device After operating in its first operating mode (i.e. the awake mode) 650b, 2, the device enters a different mode 650b, 3 .
  • the device is at first in the sleep mode (i.e. the second operating mode) 650b, 1 and receives the WUS 670b, thereby transitioning to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 650 b ,2.
  • the device could participate in the wireless communication from the network such as for receiving the wireless communication signal.
  • a duration for which the device remains in the first operating mode 650 b ,2 (or equivalently, a length of time elapsed in the first operating mode 650 b , 2) could be adapted through messages or instructions associated with the WUS signal 670 b .
  • such instructions or messages could, for instance, also be provided once the device enters the first operating mode 650 b ,2. It is shown in Fig. 6b that the device transitions to the different mode 650b, 3 from the first operating mode 650b, 2. For instance, this could be due to instructions or messages received in the first operating mode 650b, 2. Additionally, or alternatively, this could also be achieved, for example, due to instructions or messages received associated with the WUS signal. In other words, for example, instructions or messages associated with the WUS signal 670b could indicate a sequential switching first to the awake mode 650b, 2 (and its corresponding duration) and then to the different mode 650b, 3.
  • Fig. 6b can be a considered as a variation of the instantiation of Fig. 6a, wherein the device is in the second operating mode (i.e. the sleep mode) 650 b ,i instead of the third operating mode (i.e. the deep sleep mode) (denoted by 650 a ,i in Fig. 6a) and receives the WUS 670 b instead of the PWUS (denoted by 660 a in Fig. 6a).
  • Fig. 6c shows a pictorial representation 600 c of the device (e.g. the device being an loT device) changing its mode of operation according to the pre-wake-up signal (PWUS) 660 c and the wake-up signal (WUS) 670 c .
  • PWUS pre-wake-up signal
  • WUS wake-up signal
  • the device is at first in the deep sleep mode (i.e. the third operating mode) 650 c ,i and receives the PWUS 660 c , thereby transitioning to the second operating mode (the sleep mode) 650 c , 2 .
  • a duration for which the device remains in the second operating mode 650 c , 2 (or equivalently, a length of time elapsed in the second operating mode 650 c , 2 ) could be adapted through messages or instructions associated with the PWUS signal 660 c . Additionally, or alternatively, such instructions or messages could, for instance, also be provided once the device enters the second operating mode 650 c , 2 .
  • the device in its sleep mode (the second operating mode) 650 c , 2 may eventually receive the WUS 670 c for switching to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 650 c , 3.
  • a duration for which the device remains in the first operating mode 650 c , 3 (or equivalently, a length of time elapsed in the first operating mode) could be adapted through messages or instructions associated with the WUS signal 670 c .
  • such instructions or messages could, for instance, also be provided once the device enters the first operating mode 650 c ,3.
  • the device may switch/transition to the different mode 650 c ,4from the first operating mode (the awake mode) 650 c ,3.
  • this could be due to instructions or messages received in the first operating mode (the awake mode) 650 c ,3.
  • this could also be achieved, for example, due to instructions or messages received associated with the WUS signal 670 c .
  • instructions or messages associated with the WUS signal 670 c could indicate a sequential switching first to the awake mode (and its corresponding duration) 650 c ,3 and then to the different mode 650 c ,4.
  • the switching to the different mode 650 c ,4 could be achieved, for example, due to instructions or messages received associated with the PWLIS signal 660 c .
  • instructions or messages associated with the PWLIS signal 660 c could indicate a sequential switching first to the sleep mode 650 c ,2 (possibly along with its corresponding duration) and then to the awake mode 650 c ,3 (possibly along with its corresponding duration) and finally to the different mode 650 c ,4.
  • Fig. 6c can be a considered as a combination of the instantiations provided in Fig. 6a and Fig. 6b.
  • Figs. 7a-c show pictorial representations 700 a , 700b , 700 c of different scenarios in which the device is awakened from a hibernation mode 750 a.c ,i.
  • the term awakening here refers to the eventual switching of the operating mode of the device from the hibernation mode 750 a.c ,i to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 750 a ,2 , 750b, 3 , 750 c ,4, wherein the device is able to receive the wireless communication signal.
  • this switching/changing/toggling may be achieved based on an event and/or a signal such as the PWLIS 760 c and the WUS 770b , 770 c .
  • the hibernation mode 750 a . c ,i may be considered as an additional operating mode.
  • this additional operating mode being the fourth operating mode when the set of operating modes may only comprise the awake mode, the sleep mode and the deep sleep mode.
  • the device may comprise a power consumption being lower than the first 750 a ,2 , 750b, 3 , 750 c , 4, the second 750b, 2 , 750 c ,3 or the third 750 c ,2 operating modes, and may remain in the hibernation mode 750 a.c ,i until the event 780b, 780 c is triggered.
  • the triggering of the event 780b, 780 c may, for example, be related to a detection or sensing mechanism.
  • the event 780 b , 780 c may relate to a sensor signal received from a sensor coupled to the device.
  • the sensor may, preferably, be a sensor for measuring an environmental parameter of the device. That is, the environmental parameter may concern the environment that the device may operate in.
  • the environmental parameter may relate to a position, a temperature, a pressure, a humidity or one or more combinations thereof.
  • the device may be coupled to more than one sensor, or to a sensing or detection system.
  • the device could receive a set of sensor signals related to more than one environmental parameter.
  • the device may be adapted to change from the fourth operating mode 750 a.c ,i directly or indirectly into the first operating mode 750 a ,2 , 750b, 3 , 750 c , 4 without prior authentication to the network.
  • Fig. 7a shows a direct change from the fourth operating mode 750 a.c ,i to the first operating mode 750 a , 2 , 750b, 3 , 750 c , 4 whilst Figs. 7a and 7b show an indirect change (e.g. an eventual switch) from the fourth operating mode 750 a.c ,i to the first operating mode 750 a , 2 , 750b, 3 , 750 c ,4.
  • the device in its sleep mode (the second operating mode) 750b, 2 eventually receives the WUS 770b for switching to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 750b, 3.
  • a duration for which the device remains in the first operating mode 750b, 3 (or equivalently, a length of time elapsed in the first operating mode 750b, 3) could be adapted through messages or instructions associated with the WUS signal 770b. Additionally or alternatively, such instructions or messages could, for instance, be provided once the device enters the first operating mode 750b, 3.
  • the switching to the first operating mode 750b, 3 could be achieved, for example, due to instructions or messages associated with the sensor signal related to the event 780b.
  • instructions or messages associated with the sensor signal could indicate a sequential switching first to the sleep mode 750 b ,2 (possibly along with its corresponding duration) and then to the awake mode 750 b ,3 (along with its corresponding duration).
  • the device may switch/transition to the different mode 750b, 4 from the first operating mode (the awake mode) 750 b ,3.
  • this could be due to instructions or messages received in the first operating mode (the awake mode) 750 b ,3.
  • this could also be achieved, for example, due to instructions or messages received associated with the previously received WUS signal 770b.
  • instructions or messages associated with the previously received WUS signal 770b could indicate a sequential switching first to the awake mode 750b, 3 (and its corresponding duration) and then to the different mode 750b, 4.
  • the switching to the different mode 750b, 4 could be achieved, for example, due to instructions or messages received associated with the previously received sensor signal related to the event 780b.
  • instructions or messages associated with the previously received sensor signal related to the event 780b could indicate a sequential switching first to the sleep mode 750 b ,2 (possibly along with its corresponding duration) and then to the awake mode 750b, 3 (possibly along with its corresponding duration) and then finally to the different mode 750b, 4.
  • Fig. 7b can be a considered as a variation of the instantiation of Fig. 7a, wherein the device is additionally in the second operating mode 750b, 2 (i.e. the sleep mode) and receives the WUS 770 b before switching to the first operating mode 750b, 3 and then finally switching to the different mode 750 b ,4.
  • the device is additionally in the second operating mode 750b, 2 (i.e. the sleep mode) and receives the WUS 770 b before switching to the first operating mode 750b, 3 and then finally switching to the different mode 750 b ,4.
  • Fig. 7c shows a pictorial representation 700 c of the device (e.g. the device being an loT device) changing its mode of operation according to the event (EVENT) 780 c , a pre-wake-up signal (PWLIS) 760 c and a wake-up signal (WUS) 770 c .
  • EVENT event
  • PWLIS pre-wake-up signal
  • WUS wake-up signal
  • the device is at first in the hibernation mode 750 c ,i (i.e. as the fourth operating mode) and receives the sensor signal related to the event 780 c , based on which the device transitions to the third operating mode (the deep sleep mode) 750 c ,2.
  • a duration for which the device remains in the third operating mode 750 c ,2 (or equivalently, a length of time elapsed in the third operating mode 750 c ,2) could be adapted through messages or instructions associated with the sensor signal related to the event 780 c .
  • such instructions or messages could, for instance, also be provided once the device enters the third operating mode 750 c , 2 .
  • the device in its deep sleep mode (the third operating mode) 750 c ,2 eventually receives the PWUS 760 c for switching to the second operating mode (the awake mode) 750 C , 3 .
  • a duration for which the device remains in the second operating mode 750 C , 3 (or equivalently, a length of time elapsed in the second operating mode 750 c ,3) could be adapted through messages or instructions associated with the PWUS signal. Additionally or alternatively, such instructions or messages could, for instance, be provided once the device enters the second operating mode 750 c ,3.
  • the switching to the second operating mode 750 c ,3could be achieved, for example, due to instructions or messages associated with the sensor signal related to the event 780 c .
  • instructions or messages associated with the sensor signal could indicate a sequential switching first to the deep sleep mode 750 c ,2 (possibly along with its corresponding duration) and then to the sleep mode 750 c ,3 (along with its corresponding duration).
  • the device in its sleep mode 750 c ,3 eventually receives the WUS 770 c for switching to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 750 c , 4 .
  • a duration for which the device remains in the first operating mode 750 c , 4 could be adapted through messages or instructions associated with the WUS signal 770 c . Additionally or alternatively, such instructions or messages could, for instance, be provided once the device enters the first operating mode 750 c ,4.
  • instructions or messages associated with the sensor signal related to the event 780 c could indicate a sequential switching first from the hibernation mode to the deep sleep mode 750 c , 2 (possibly along with its corresponding duration), then to the sleep mode 750 c , 3 (possibly along with its corresponding duration) followed by the switching to the awake mode 750 c , 4 (along with its corresponding duration).
  • the device may switche/transition to the different mode 750 c ,sfrom the first operating mode (the awake mode) 750 c ,4.
  • the different mode 750 c the first operating mode (the awake mode) 750 c ,4.
  • Various details pertaining to messages or instructions from previously reached/arrived operating modes and associated signals as described already for the previous figures 7a-b and this figure 7c are not repeated in relation to switching to the different modes for the sake of brevity and conciseness of the disclosure.
  • Table 1 A summary of the operating modes along with the states of the pre-wake up receiver unit, PWUR, the wake up receiver unit, WUR, and the PDCCH monitoring unit.
  • the device When in a state of hibernation (in other words, when the device is in the fourth operating mode being the hibernation mode), the device may not receive the wireless communicational signal(s) or lack receiving capabilities, it is expected to come out of hibernation and then go into another state after an interval of time that is either known or is not known to the device and/or the network when entering hibernation. In other words, the device may switch to an operating mode other than the fourth operating mode (i.e. the hibernation mode). Possibilities pertaining to the device and/or the network being aware of the interval of time the device may remain one state have already been described in regards to Figs. 7a-c.
  • hibernation exemplarily implemented in the device as the hibernation mode
  • the concept of hibernation has applications beyond the third operating mode, or the deep sleep mode, to further extend battery life in situations that are known to be unlikely during the event or certain time frames such as “fires in the winter and avalanches in the summer”.
  • the event can bring the device out of hibernation, for example a temperature threshold, battery critical or gas level exceeded.
  • the WUR When in a sleep mode (in other words, when the device is in the second operating mode being the sleep mode), it is necessary for the WUR to be powered ON or active and for the PDCHH monitor to be powered OFF or inactive in this mode.
  • the PWLIR can be powered ON or OFF.
  • the PDCHH monitor When in an active or awake mode (in other words, when the device is in the first operating mode being the awake mode), it is necessary for the PDCHH monitor to be powered ON or active in this mode.
  • the PWLIR and WUR can be powered on or off.
  • the communication arrangement may comprise the monitoring unit being the PDCCH monitoring unit, wherein the PDCCH monitoring unit is active in the first operating mode (the active mode) and is inactive in the second and the third operating mode.
  • Figs. 8a-g especially show the switching or transition between the set of operating modes of the device without a notification signal, i.e. without notifying or alerting or addressing the network (or other devices in the group of devices that the device may be a part of).
  • a lack of the notification signal may be preferred due to requirements of the event, power/energy conservation reasons or possible improvements in speed or efficiency of the wireless communication.
  • Fig. 8a shows a pictorial representation 800 a of the device (e.g. the device being an loT device) changing its operating mode (belonging to the set of operating modes).
  • Fig. 8a depicts that after operating in one 850 a ,i of the other operating mode(s), the device may transition/switch to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 850 a ,2, and thereafter the device may enter (or transition/switch to) the third operating mode (the deep sleep mode) 850 a ,3.
  • Fig. 8b shows a pictorial representation 800b of the device (e.g. the device being an loT device) changing its operating mode (belonging to the set of operating modes).
  • Fig. 8b depicts that after operating in one 850 b ,i of the other operating mode(s), the device may transition/switch to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 850 b ,2, and thereafter the device may enter (or transition/switche to) the second operating mode (the sleep mode) 850 b ,3.
  • Fig. 8c shows a pictorial representation 850 c of the device (e.g. the device being an loT device) changing its operating mode (belonging to the set of operating modes).
  • Fig. 8c depicts that after operating in one 850 c ,i of the other operating mode(s), the device may transition/switch to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 850 c ,2, and thereafter the device enters (or transitions/switches to) the fourth operating mode (the hibernation mode) 850 c ,3.
  • Fig. 8d shows a pictorial representation 800d of the device (e.g. the device being an loT device) changing its operating mode (belonging to the set of operating modes).
  • Fig. 8d depicts that after operating in one 850 d ,i of the other operating mode(s), the device may switch at first to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 850 d , 2 , followed by transitioning/switching to the second operating mode (the sleep mode) 850 d , 3 which is finally succeeded by transitioning/switching to the third operating mode (the deep sleep mode) 850 d , 4 .
  • Fig. 8f shows a pictorial representation 800fOf the device (e.g. the device being an loT device) changing its operational mode (belonging to the set of operating modes).
  • the device may transition/switch at first to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 850 f , 2 , followed by transitioning/switching to the third operating mode (the deep sleep mode) 850 f , 3 which is finally succeeded by transitioning/switching to the fourth operating mode (the hibernation mode) 850f,4.
  • Fig. 9a shows a pictorial representation 900 a of the device (e.g. the device being an loT device) changing its operating mode (belonging to the set of operating modes).
  • Fig. 9a depicts that after operating in one 950 a ,i of the other operating modes, the device may transition/switch to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 950 a ,2, and may send the falling asleep signal, FAS, 990 a as the notification signal before entering (or transitioning/switching to) the third operating mode (the deep sleep mode) 950 a ,3.
  • Fig. 9c shows a pictorial representation 900 c of the device (e.g. the device being an loT device) changing its operating mode (belonging to the set of operating modes).
  • Fig. 9c depicts that after operating in one 950 c ,i of the other operating modes, the device may transition/switch to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 950 c ,2, and may send the falling asleep signal, FAS, 990 c as the notification signal before entering (or transitioning/switching to) the fourth operating mode (the hibernating mode) 950 c ,3.
  • Fig. 9d shows a pictorial representation 900d of the device (e.g. the device being an loT device) changing its operating mode (belonging to the set of operating modes).
  • Fig. 9d depicts that after operating in one 950 d ,i of the other operating modes, the device may transition/switch at first to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 950 d , 2 , may send the falling asleep signal, FAS, 990 d as the first notification signal before transitioning/switching to the second operating mode (the sleep mode) 950 d , 3 , may sends the falling asleep signal, FAS, 990 d , 2 again as the second notification signal before switching (or entering/transitioning) to the third operating mode (the deep sleep mode) 950 d ,4.
  • Fig. 9f shows a pictorial representation 900f of the device (e.g. the device being an loT device) changing its operating mode (belonging to the set of operating modes).
  • the device may transition/switch at first to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 950 f , 2 , may send the falling asleep signal, FAS, 990 f as the first notification signal before switching (or transitioning/entering) to the third operating mode (the deep sleep mode) 950f,3, may send the falling asleep signal, FAS, 990f,2 again as the second notification signal before switching (or entering/switching to) to the fourth operating mode (the hibernating mode) 950f,4.
  • Fig. 9g shows a pictorial representation 900 g of the device (e.g. the device being an loT device) changing its operating mode (belonging to the set of operating modes).
  • the device may transition/switch at first to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 950 g , 2 , may send the falling asleep signal, FAS, 990 g as the first notification signal before switching to the second operating mode (the sleep mode) 950 g , 3 , may send the falling asleep signal, FAS, 990 g , 2 again as the second notification signal before switching (or transitioning/entering) to the third operating mode (the deep sleep mode) 950 g , 4 and sends the falling asleep signal, FAS, 990 g , 3 again as the third notification signal before switching (or transitioning/entering) to the fourth operating mode (the hibernating mode) 950 g , 5
  • the device may be adapted to transmit the (wireless) fall asleep signal, FAS, as the notification signal in one of the first, the second and the third operating modes to announce or request the switching.
  • the FAS being the notification signal
  • the FAS may be transmitted as an announcement, implying that the device may not rely on an acknowledgement or a response from the network in order to perform the switching to the sleep modes (i.e. the second or the third operating modes) or the hibernating mode.
  • the FAS being the notification signal
  • the device may send the FAS (being the notification signal) as the request is provided by way of Fig. 9h.
  • Fig. 9h shows a pictorial representation 900h Of the device (e.g. being an loT device) changing its operating mode (belonging to the set of operating modes).
  • Fig. 9g depicts that after operating in one 950 h ,i of the other operating modes the device may transition/switch to the first operating mode (the awake mode) 950 h ,2, the device may attempt to switch or transition to the second operating mode (the sleep mode), the third operating mode (the deep sleep mode) or the fourth operating mode (the hibernation mode) or other operational modes, if available. Before doing so (i.e.
  • the device may send the falling-asleep signal 990 g ,i as the (first) notification signal to notify the network of its intentions (i.e. the switches or transitions and possibly associated messages or instructions relating to the duration for which the device may stay in one of the operating modes).
  • the network may respond with a wake-up signal, WAS, 970 g to keep the device in its first operating mode (the awake mode) 950h,2 and may thus prevent it from sleeping (or equivalently, switching to one of the one or more sleep modes).
  • WAS wake-up signal
  • the device may be adapted to receive the rejection response signal from the network (e.g. the WUS or the PWUS) after the transmission of the FAS for preventing the switching from its current operational mode to the second or the third or the fourth operational modes.
  • the rejection response signal may be at least one of the WUS and the PWUS.
  • Known, fixed or defined state and state transition schedule or decision tree e.g. if/then/else case/switch triggering.
  • Parameter updates for schedule or decision tree triggers or events (e.g. thresholds, levels, limits, time appointment).
  • C Change of A), for example a change of plan or order of states, decision tree branches, logical branching (e.g. a change of plan [decision tree] or order of states).
  • the event may comprise one or more predetermined states, wherein the one or more predetermined states may depend on a state transition structure.
  • the state transition structure may comprise at least one of a state transition schedule and one or more state transition decision trees.
  • loT device rx WuS from N/W That is, for instance, the device may receive the wake up signal, WUS, from the network.
  • loT device wakes up and rxs a further signal from N/W. That is, for instance, the device may switch or change to the first operating mode (the active mode), hence wake up (for instance, the device was previously in one of the second, the third or the fourth operating modes).
  • the device may receive a further signal (e.g. a wireless communication signal) from the network.
  • loT device determines from the signal the need to respond to the signal based on, for example: a) The targeted singular/multiple addressee(s) of the signal b) A control element (configuration/trigger) c) Content of the payload (directly or interpreted)
  • the device may determine a response based on the further signal.
  • the device may determine the response based on messages and/or instructions associated with the further signal, wherein the messages and/or instructions have been received by the device.
  • messages and/or instructions may comprise target address information, control information and payload information among other information.
  • the device determines from the rx signal the return path loss (open-loop link power control). That is, for example, the device may determine path loss information (e.g. return path loss) based on the (received) further signal. This instance provides a scenario where the device performs open-loop link power control.
  • the device may be configured to adapt the wireless communication on a basis of the received further signal. Adapting the wireless communication may comprise adapting reception and/or transmission characteristics of the wireless communication.
  • the loT device selects a transmit scheme, e.g. MCS/k-reps/Tx pwr, to be used for the response transmission.
  • a transmit scheme e.g. MCS/k-reps/Tx pwr
  • the device may be configured to select a transmission scheme for transmitting the response on the basis of the received further signal, wherein the basis may comprise other parameters, such as ones depending on signal interference.
  • the transmission scheme may comprise a modulation and coding scheme, MCS, a repetition coding scheme and a scheme depending on transmission power of the device.
  • the loT device prepares a message. That is, for instance, the device may adjust structure and formatting of the response (based on the further signal) for transmission. For instance, structure and formatting of the response may relate to control information (e.g. header information), scheduling information, resource allocation information and power control information.
  • control information e.g. header information
  • scheduling information e.g. scheduling information
  • resource allocation information e.g. power control information
  • loT transmits the response according to the parameters of 5. That is, the device may transmit the response in accordance with the selected transmission scheme (and in accordance with the comprised other parameters associated with the selected transmission scheme).
  • Fig. 10 shows a block diagram representation 1000 of the device being an loT device and operating in its operating modes (or states (such as the deep sleep mode, the sleep mode and the awake mode).
  • the device transitions from one operating mode (or state) to the next according to a signal (i.e. , a trigger, a wake-up signal or a network broadcast).
  • Three trigger sets 1098A, B, c are exemplarily included.
  • Fig. 10 shows that the device is at first in the fourth operating mode being the hibernating mode 1050i.
  • the PWUR is in an inactive (OFF) state, the WUR is an inactive (OFF) state and the PDCCH monitor is also an inactive (OFF) state.
  • the device may be subject to a signal such as the trigger 1098 (denoted by the arrow on the right).
  • the device Upon receiving the trigger belonging to a first trigger set (Trigger set A) 1098 A , the device switches the PWUR to an active (ON) state. Thus, the device may therewith receive the PWUS 1070i and switch to the third operating mode being the deep sleep mode 10502 from the fourth operating mode being the hibernating mode 1050i.
  • the first trigger set 1098A may comprise predetermined timing information, predetermined scheduling information and predetermined interval information.
  • the first trigger set 1098 A may indicate information relating to when (either in reference to time or some event) the PWUR may be put into an active state or the device may switch to the deep sleep mode 1050 2 and information relating to the duration for which the device may operate in the deep sleep mode 1050 2 or the PWUR may be switched ON.
  • Figure 12b and 12c show simplified timing and signalling charts 1200b ,1200 c that illustrate the transition of the device being an loT device between its different operating modes (or states or modes of operation) wherein the device/UE uses the wake-me-up signal, WMUS, to initiate a wake up sequence of the device (or equivalently, request a wake up from the network).
  • WMUS wake-me-up signal
  • the number of times WMUS 1255 b ,# may be resent may depend on further considerations such as the device/UE’s power consumption, interference and network characteristics.
  • the basestation may send a wake-up signal (WUS) 1270 b .
  • This signal may be detected by the device/UE’s wake-up receiver (WUR) and thereafter, the device, secondly, may enter an operating mode (or state) wherein it powers ON or otherwise activates its PDCCH monitoring unit.
  • the device/UE may thus be ready to receive the network’s (the basestation’s) PDCCH transmissions, as exemplarily represented by the PDCCH communication 1295b being received by the UE.
  • the basestation’s) wake-up signal (WUS) 1270 c is received by the UE’s WUR, it may enter, thirdly, an operating mode (or state) wherein it powers on its PDCCH monitoring unit.
  • the device/UE may thus be ready to receive the network (e.g. the basestation’s) PDCCH transmissions.
  • Figs. 13a-c show instantiations 1300 a.c where the device/UE is woken up (i.e. its operating mode is switched to the first operating mode, that is, the awake mode) using different sequences initiated by the device/UE.
  • these instances may form embodiments relating to self-initiated fall-asleep sequences, and UE initiated fall-asleep sequence, the latter indicating that another UE (or for instance, another network entity) may, alternatively to the former, initiate fall-asleep sequences of the device/UE.
  • self-initiated fall-asleep sequences of the device/UE the other sequences initiated by another UE(s) (or another network entity(ies) are feasible.
  • FIG. 13a shows a simplified timing and signalling chart 1300 a that illustrates the device being an loT device informing the network that it is or will be falling asleep.
  • Fig. 13a relates to configurations wherein the device may make the network aware of its (current or eventual) switching to the second (the sleep mode) or the third (the deep sleep mode) operating modes.
  • figure 13a shows that the device/UE that may be going to fall asleep, either immediately or after a defined or predefined (i.e. predetermined) interval.
  • WUR wake-up receiver unit
  • PDCCH monitoring unit Before powering off or otherwise deactivating its wake-up receiver unit (WUR) and PDCCH monitoring unit, it may transmit/send the fall-asleep signal (FAS) 1390 a to the network.
  • WUR wake-up receiver unit
  • FAS fall-asleep signal
  • This fall-asleep signal 1390 a could be sent once or repeatedly more than once, either within a specific time interval regularly at a specific frequency/period, or irregularly.
  • This signal may contain information of when and/or for how long the device/UE will fall asleep. That is, the trigger information which may cause the device/UE to perform the switching to the second or the third operating mode and/or the duration for which the device/UE may remain in the second or third operating mode after the switching.
  • the device could transmit the wake me up signal, WMUS, or a falling asleep signal, FAS, in the fourth operating mode being the hibernation mode. It is even possible that the device may switch the receiver arrangement to be active after a time interval (which could be predetermined or determined at the time of transmission from the communication arrangement) measured from a time of the transmission of the WMUS, or the FAS.
  • a time interval which could be predetermined or determined at the time of transmission from the communication arrangement
  • Figure 13b shows a simplified timing and signalling chart 1300 b that illustrates the device being an loT device requesting the network for permission to fall asleep, i.e. requesting the network to switch to the second or the third or the fourth operating modes.
  • the request is denied and the network instructs the device to stay in an awake mode (the first operating mode).
  • a subsequent PDCCH transmission 1395 c from the network can contain a variety of information including instructions of when and/or for how long the device may fall asleep. Furthermore, such information could instruct the device that it can fall asleep (in the future) without it having to initiate a further FAS request.
  • the PDCCH transmission 1395 c might be void of any instructions relating to when and/or for how long the device may fall asleep. In this case, the device may initiate a FAS request afresh.
  • Fig. 13b and Fig. 13c show a well-behaved and bilateral request-response communication between the device/UE and the network
  • the invention allows for an ill-behaved negotiation.
  • a device/UE sends a FAS request but does not receive a FAS response
  • it is not limited to perform one or more of the following: resend FAS requests of a given number; resend FAS requests for a given period; abort any attempts to enter a sleep mode; or enter a sleep mode pattern.
  • the device may execute the switching in absence of the confirmation signal based on a predetermined event. Further, the device may transmit another fall asleep (e.g. of the set of FAS) or to resend the FAS in absence of the confirmation signal based on a predetermined event.
  • another fall asleep e.g. of the set of FAS
  • the device may transmit another fall asleep (e.g. of the set of FAS) or to resend the FAS in absence of the confirmation signal based on a predetermined event.
  • the device may receive the response signal based on the FAS indicating an operating mode of the switching.
  • the device may enter (switch to) the indicated operating mode based on the response signal when switching from the first operating mode.
  • a fall asleep signal has been shown to take different forms depending on its use.
  • the FAS can be considered as or take the form of:
  • a statement may also include information relating to the planned: o sleep mode (e.g. “sleep mode”, “deep sleep mode”, “hibernation mode”); o sleep duration (e.g. “deep sleep mode” for M-seconds); o sleep pattern
  • pattern 1 comprises “sleep mode” for L-seconds, “deep sleep mode” for M-seconds, “hibernation mode” for N-seconds, “deep sleep mode” for P-seconds, “sleep mode” for L-seconds, repeat;
  • a response may also include information relating to the permitted: o sleep mode (e.g. “sleep mode”, “deep sleep mode”, “hibernation mode”); o sleep duration (e.g. “deep sleep mode” for M-seconds); o sleep pattern;
  • o sleep mode e.g. “sleep mode”, “deep sleep mode”, “hibernation mode”
  • o sleep duration e.g. “deep sleep mode” for M-seconds
  • o sleep pattern e.g. “sleep mode”, “deep sleep mode”, “hibernation mode”
  • ⁇ e.g. pattern 2 comprises “hibernation mode” for N-seconds, “sleep mode” for L-seconds, repeat;
  • the DLMCRS can request a operating mode change whilst the ULMCRS can respond that is has made a mode change or that the request is acknowledged. Similarly, the ULMCRS can request a mode change whilst the DLMCRS can respond that is has made a mode change or that the request is acknowledged. Furthermore, an acknowledgment of the acknowledgment can also be returned.
  • the DLMCRS thus forms a set of signals that can include both requests and responses. Examples are not limited to include: the pre-wake-up signal (PWUS) and the wake-up signal (WUS), transmitted/sent from the network to one or more devices as a request; and the WUS sent from the network to one or more devices in response to the FAS.
  • PWUS pre-wake-up signal
  • WUS wake-up signal
  • the figure 14 also illustrates that forwarding between devices/UEs 14042, 1404N might involve one or more satellite hops 14181, 14182 involving (at least one) satellite 1416i .
  • the forwarding involving the DLMCRS and the LILMCRS between UE2 14022 and UEN 1402N may comprise a first satellite hop 14181 from the UE214022 to the satellite 1416i and a second satellite hop from the satellite 14161 to the UEN 1402N..
  • the physical signals can be transmitted using a modulation scheme not limited to include: amplitude modulation; frequency modulation; phase modulation; amplitude shift keying modulation; frequency shift keying modulation; phase shift keying modulation; pulse-amplitude modulation; pulse-position modulation; pulse-width modulation; pulse-code modulation; or any combination thereof.
  • the signals may also be coded or encrypted.
  • Device o identification o location, position and orientation o status e.g. battery voltage, batter capacity o capabilities o class o group identifier o contractability (time, date) o connectivity (3GPP RRC, 3GPP sidelink, non-3GPP RAT) o status (PWLIR on/off, WUR on/off, PDCCH monitor on/off) o availability mechanism (by PWLIS, WUS, PDCCH)
  • Messages can be comprised of content that is intended for one or more than one recipient.
  • the device or the one or more Devices may have the ability to retrieve device-specific content whilst forwarding the message towards other addressees as will be further explained later in this disclosure.
  • a device adapted for a wireless communication may comprise a communication arrangement adapted to operate in one of a set of operating modes.
  • a first operating mode of the set of operating modes may be an awake mode to transmit a wireless communication signal for the wireless communication.
  • a second operating mode of the set of operating modes is a power saving mode where the communication arrangement is at least partially inactive to save power when compared to the awake mode.
  • the device may change from the power saving mode to the first operating mode to transmit a signal indicating a future reception opportunity of the device and to then return into the power saving mode and to operate in an operating mode according to the reception opportunity.
  • the wireless communication signal may comprise a request to a different mode to transmit a wakeup signal to the device to cause the device to enter the first operating mode.
  • an average power consumption of the communication arrangement in the second operating mode is lower when compared to the first operating mode and/or a processing of the second signal is less complex or consumes less energy at the device and/or a decoding of the second signal at a receiver device/unit of the signal is less complex or consumes less energy when compared to the first signal.
  • this just-described device may be considered as a distinct device in comparison to the previously described devices (i.e. the first device and the second device) in this disclosure.
  • the third device could alternatively be the same device as the first or the second device but with additional details described in the previous paragraphs. Therefore, in both such considerations, embodiments of the first and/or the second devices disclosed previously and embodiments of the third device are transferable on to one another, so as to be configured to apply these details onto each other alternatively or additionally, thereby forming new embodiments for each of the devices.
  • examples and details of embodiments described in Figs. 1-16 may also be applied to the third device with appropriate adjustments. These embodiments and details as applied are not repeated herein for the sake and brevity of the disclosure.
  • the device may, for instance, when determining that a link will be interrupted, transmit a signal comprising information about its future availability, e.g., as it will enter sleep or deep sleep mode or even hibernation mode.
  • the communication arrangement may comprise different transmitter stages or transmitter units being able to be configured differently or comprising different complexity resulting in a decreased energy consumption when operating in lower complex modes. This may be implemented similar to the receiver stages or receiver units and may be implemented accordingly or independently from the receiver stages.
  • the device may be a TX device that is configured as a store and forward device, e.g., that has stored information to be transmitted or distributed.
  • the device may be adapted, e.g., for different transmit tasks (e.g., messages of different priorities, different amount of data, ... .) use one of a configuration of a transmitter stage or to use a respective transmitter unit of the communication arrangement.
  • the device may transmit a message one or repeatedly and may then enter an energy saving mode again, e.g., without transmitting the same and/or a different message until a next transmission event.
  • the device may announce such an event, e.g., the time, location, frequency, and/or space to allow preparation for this event at a receiver side and/or at other transmitters.
  • the present disclosure considers a device being in a situation wherein the device has detected that currently no communication opportunities towards a network are available.
  • the device may not monitor all possible communication channels and switch of its receiver units (such as PDCCH monitor, WUR, PWLIR, etc.). Such an operational mode makes the device unavailable or undetectable or non-contactable through the use of paging, WUS or PWLIS.
  • Such a transmission signal may contain information not limited to include the following: a beacon, e.g. an “being alive beacon”
  • energy efficiency refers to at least one of:
  • Transmission occurs seldomly, e.g. every few minutes, hours Transmission bursts are as short as possible to save power consumed by the signal processing and power amplifier devices/components/modules
  • Waveforms should be energy efficient, e.g. waveforms with low peak to average power ratio, PAPR
  • Signal detection at a receiving device should require low processing complexity and/or good auto/cross correlation properties.
  • Embodiments provide solutions to the technical problem of when should a signal be received/transmitted/forwarded. o
  • an absolute or relative schedule including for example: a start time/frequency; a stop time/frequency; ⁇ a duration/sweep;
  • ⁇ a regular or irregular sequence or pattern (hopping pattern);
  • ⁇ upon a trigger/event/threshold/decision. o Time can be referenced to:
  • a device adapted for a wireless communication may comprise a communication arrangement adapted to operate in one of a set of operating modes.
  • a first operating mode of the set of operating modes may be an awake mode to transmit a wireless communication signal for the wireless communication.
  • a second operating mode of the set of operating modes is a power saving mode where the communication arrangement is at least partially inactive to save power when compared to the awake mode.
  • the device may change from the power saving mode to the first operating mode to transmit a signal indicating a future reception opportunity of the device and to then return into the power saving mode and to operate in an operating mode according to the reception opportunity.
  • the power saving modes may include a sleep mode or a deep sleep mode.
  • the wireless communication signal may comprise a beaconing signal indicating at least one of:
  • beaconing signal • information indicating a time and/or resources used to transmit a next beaconing signal, e.g. as relative information or as absolute information;
  • the wireless communication signal may comprise a request to a different mode to transmit a wakeup signal to the device to cause the device to enter the first operating mode.
  • this just-described device may be considered as a distinct device in comparison to the previously described device (i.e. referred to as the first device when comparing to other devices) in this disclosure.
  • the second device could alternatively be the same device as the first device but with additional details described in the previous paragraphs. Therefore, in both such considerations, embodiments of the first device disclosed previously and embodiments of the second device are transferable on to one another, so as to be configured to apply these details onto each other alternatively or additionally, thereby forming new embodiments for each of the devices. Further, examples and details of embodiments described in Figs. 1-16 may also be applied to the second device with appropriate adjustments. These embodiments and details as applied are not repeated herein for the sake and brevity of the disclosure.
  • a device adapted for a wireless communication may comprise a communication arrangement adapted to operate in one of a set of operating modes.
  • a first operating mode of the set of operating modes may be an awake mode to transmit a wireless communication signal for the wireless communication.
  • a second operating mode of the set of operating modes is a sleep mode where the communication arrangement is at least partially inactive to save power when compared to the awake mode.
  • the communication arrangement may be configured for switching from the second operating mode to the first operating mode based on an event.
  • the device may be adapted to transmit a fist signal in the first operating and to transmit a second signal in the second operating mode.
  • an average power consumption of the communication arrangement in the second operating mode is lower when compared to the first operating mode and/or a processing of the second signal is less complex or consumes less energy at the device and/or a decoding of the second signal at a receiver device/unit of the signal is less complex or consumes less energy when compared to the first signal.
  • this just-described device may be considered as a distinct device in comparison to the previously described devices (i.e. the first device and the second device) in this disclosure.
  • the third device could alternatively be the same device as the first or the second device but with additional details described in the previous paragraphs. Therefore, in both such considerations, embodiments of the first and/or the second devices disclosed previously and embodiments of the third device are transferable on to one another, so as to be configured to apply these details onto each other alternatively or additionally, thereby forming new embodiments for each of the devices. Further, examples and details of embodiments described in Figs. 1-16s may also be applied to the third device with appropriate adjustments. These embodiments and details as applied are not repeated herein for the sake and brevity of the disclosure.
  • a network entity may adapted to operate in a wireless communication network and may serve a plurality of devices with wireless communication.
  • the network entity may transmit a common pre-wake up signal or a common wake up signal to the plurality of devices to cause the plurality of devices to increase a power consumption.
  • the power consumption may be increased for communication with the network entity.
  • the network entity may comprise a base station, a local management function, LMF, a satellite or a core network function entity.
  • the aforementioned network entity may correspond to any of the network entities of the wireless network 100 described in regards to Fig. 1.
  • the plurality of devices may include at least one of first devices, second devices and third devices, which have already been described.
  • the network entity may also transmit both the common PWLIS and the common WUS.
  • the network entity may transmit common PWLIS and/or common WUS to a subset of the plurality of devices whilst it may transmit different PWUS and/or different WUS to the rest of the plurality of devices. Therefore, in accordance with embodiments, the network entity may select the plurality of devices as a first subset from devices servable by the network entity whilst unselecting at least a second subset from the devices servable by the network entity.
  • the first subset may be selected based on at least one of: an identification of the devices; a location, position and/or orientation of the devices; a status of the devices; a capability of the devices; a class of the devices; a group identifier of the devices; a contactabillity of the devices (time, date); a connectivity of the devices (3GPP RRC, 3GPP sidelink, non-3GPP RAT); a status of a communication arrangement of the devices (PWUR on/off, WUR on/off, PDCCH monitor on/off); an availability mechanism of the devices (by PWUS, WUS, PDCCH).
  • a device adapted for a wireless communication comprising: a communication arrangement adapted to operate in one of a set of operating modes; wherein a first operating mode of the set of operating modes is an awake mode to transmit a wireless communication signal for the wireless communication; wherein a second operating mode of the set of operating modes is a sleep mode or a deep sleep mode where the communication arrangement is at least partially inactive to save power when compared to the awake mode; wherein the device is adapted to execute a switching from the first operating mode to the second operating mode; wherein the device is adapted to transmit a wireless fall asleep signal in the first operating mode to announce or request the switching, e.g. two options: a) announcing; b) requesting.
  • the device of implementation 1 is provided, wherein the device is use a PDCCH monitor for communicating in the first operation mode and to deactivate the PDCCH monitor based on the transmitted fall asleep signal.
  • the device of implementation 1 or 2 is provided, wherein the device is to announce the switching and to execute the switching corresponding to the switching announcement.
  • the device of implementation 3 is provided, wherein the device is to postpone or skip the switching responsive to receiving a refusal signal indicating a refusal of the switching by the network.
  • the device of implementation 4 is provided, wherein the device is use a PDCCH monitor for communicating in the first operation mode and to deactivate the PDCCH monitor based on the transmitted fall asleep signal; wherein the communication arrangement comprises a wakeup receiver unit, WUR, adapted to receive a wakeup signal that causes the device to switch to the first operating mode; wherein the device is configured to receive the refusal signal indicating the refusal of the switching with the WUR, e.g. leaves the structure of the WUS open, e.g., whether it is the same or different to the regular WUS.
  • WUR wakeup receiver unit
  • the device of one of implementations 2 to 5 is provided, wherein the device is use a PDCCH monitor for communicating in the first operation mode and to deactivate the PDCCH monitor based on the transmitted fall asleep signal; wherein the device is to reactivate the PDCCH monitor based on the refusal signal indicating the refusal of the switching, e.g. reactivate, or to postpone deactivating the PDCCH monitor until a deactivation event happens such as a confirmation signal indicating a confirmation to fall asleep is received using the PDCCH monitor or the WUR and/or a time has lapsed since announcing the switching.
  • a deactivation event happens such as a confirmation signal indicating a confirmation to fall asleep is received using the PDCCH monitor or the WUR and/or a time has lapsed since announcing the switching.
  • the device of one of implementations 8 or 9 is provided, wherein the device is to transmit another fall asleep signal or to resend the fall asleep signal in absence of the confirmation signal based on a predetermined event.
  • the device of implementation 10 or 11 is provided, wherein the predetermined event comprises at least one of:
  • the device of one of implementations 1 to 14 is provided, wherein the device is to indicate an information associated with the switching with the fall asleep signal and/or an associated signal, the information indicating at least one of: an operating mode entered when falling asleep, e.g., sleep, deep sleep or hibernation; • a time of the switching and/or a time duration until the switching;
  • the device of one of implementations 16 to 18 is provided, wherein the device is to transmit and/or retransmit the signal based on at least one of:
  • a transmission burst is as short as possible or below a predetermined threshold to save power consumed by the signal processing and transmitter unit such as power amplifier devices/components/modules;
  • a signal detection at a receiving device e.g. a gNB or satellite, requires low processing complexity and/or good auto/cross correlation properties.
  • the device of one of implementations 16 to 19 is provided, being in accordance with one of implementations 1 to 15.
  • a device adapted for a wireless communication comprising: a communication arrangement adapted to at least temporarily operate in an operating mode where a receiver unit, e.g. WUR, of the communication arrangement is configured to receive a wireless signal and to provide a receiver signal based on the wireless signal; a controller unit; wherein the controller unit is configured for processing the receiver signal and to interpret the receiver signal as a response signal if the device has previously transmitted a request signal and awaits a response to the request signal; and to interpret the receiver signal as a request signal if the device does not await a response to a request signal.
  • the communication arrangement comprises a wakeup receiver unit, WUR, for receiving the wireless signal as a wakeup signal.
  • the device of claim 22 wherein the request comprises a fall asleep signal that is responded with the wireless signal; and wherein the request is a wakeup request.
  • the device of one of implementations 21 to 23 is provided, being in accordance with one of implementations 1 to 20.
  • a device configured for operating in a wireless communication network
  • the device is to transmit, e.g., based on a determined necessity or optimization potential, in the wireless communication network, a request signal indicting a request to change an uplink mode and/or a downlink mode of a second device; and/or wherein the device is to receive, in the wireless communication network, a request signal indicting a request to change an uplink mode and/or a downlink mode of the device and to operate based on the request signal.
  • the device of implementation 25 is provided, wherein the device is to respond the received request signal by transmitting a response signal indicating a confirmation and/or a refusal and/or a counterproposal for the uplink mode or the downlink mode.
  • the device of implementation 25 or 26 is provided, wherein the request signal or a response signal responding the request signal comprises device related information related to the device or the second device.
  • the device of one of implementations 25 to 27 is provided, wherein the request signal or a response signal responding the request signal comprises message related information related to the request signal or a response signal.
  • the device of one of implementations 25 to 28 is provided, wherein the request signal or a response signal responding the request signal is transmitted in the network to request a behavior of at least one device; to request to be kept alive or awake; and/or to be contactable.
  • the device of one of one of implementations 25 to 29 is provided, being in accordance with one of implementations 1 to 24.
  • a device adapted for a wireless communication comprising: a communication arrangement, e.g. receiver might be too limiting; transceiver might however indicate a necessity to TX signals, adapted to operate in one of a set of operating modes; wherein a first operating mode of the set of operating modes is an awake mode, e.g. name may be adapted, to receive e.g. when comparing TX and RX at least RX seems to be mandatory, a wireless communication signal for the wireless communication; wherein a second operating mode of the set of operating modes is a sleep mode where the communication arrangement is at least partially inactive to save power when compared to the awake mode; e.g.
  • the communication arrangement is configured for switching from the second operating mode to the first operating mode based on a received wakeup signal being a wireless , e.g. radio, signal; wherein a third operating mode of the set of operating mode is a deep sleep mode where the communication arrangement is at least partially inactive to save power when compared to the second operating mode; e.g. device unable to receive the first wireless signal, wherein the communication arrangement is configured for switching from the third operating mode to the second operating mode based on a received pre-wakeup signal.
  • a received wakeup signal being a wireless , e.g. radio, signal
  • a third operating mode of the set of operating mode is a deep sleep mode where the communication arrangement is at least partially inactive to save power when compared to the second operating mode
  • the communication arrangement is configured for switching from the third operating mode to the second operating mode based on a received pre-wakeup signal.
  • the device of implementation 31 is provided, wherein the wakeup signal and the pre-wakeup signal comprise different parts of a same wireless signal.
  • the device of implementation 31 is provided, wherein the wakeup signal and the pre-wakeup signal are different or distinct signals.
  • the device of implementation 34 comprises a first receiver unit adapted for the wakeup signal; and comprises a second receiver unit adapted for the pre-wakeup signal; wherein the device is to at least partially deactivate the firs receiver unit in the deep sleep mode; and to activate the first receiver unit based on the pre-wakeup signal.
  • the device of one of implementations 34 to 38 is provided, adapted to receive the wakeup signal in a second frequency band being outside a first frequency band used in the first operating mode; and adapted to receive the pre-wakeup signal in a third frequency band being outside the first and outside the second frequency band.
  • the device of one of previous implementations wherein the wakeup signal or the pre-wakeup signal comprises a chirp characteristic or a frequency sweep characteristic.
  • the device of one of previous implementations comprises a monitoring unit, e.g., a PDCCH monitoring unit, wherein the monitoring unit is active in the first operation mode and inactive in the second operation mode and in the third operation mode.
  • a monitoring unit e.g., a PDCCH monitoring unit
  • the device of one of previous implementations comprises a pre-wakeup receiver unit, WUR, adapted to receive the pre-wakeup signal; wherein the PWUR is active in the in the third operation mode.
  • WUR pre-wakeup receiver unit
  • the device of one of previous implementations wherein the set of operating modes comprises a fourth operating mode being a hibernation mode in which at least a receiver arrangement of the communication arrangement inactive [may receive neither the communication signal, the 1st signal nor the 2nd signal]; wherein the device is to change from the fourth operating mode into one of the first second or third operating modes based on an event.
  • the device of implementation 44 wherein the event relates to a sensor signal received from a sensor coupled to the device, preferably a sensor for measuring an environmental parameter of the device such as position, temperature; a pressure; a humidity
  • the device of one of implementations 44 or 45 is provided, wherein the device is adapted to change from the fourth operating mode directly or indirectly into the first operation mode without prior authentication to the network.
  • the device of one of previous implementations is provided, wherein the device is to perform a change from the first operation mode into a different, i.e. , 2nd, 3rd or 4th, operation mode in which at least a part of the communication arrangement is inactive to save power consumption, wherein the device is to transmit a beaconing signal using the communication arrangement to announce the change to another device.
  • the device of one of previous implementations is provided, wherein the device is to enter the first operation mode, e.g., from the 2nd, 3rd or 4th mode, for is transmitting a beaconing signal using the communication arrangement and to leave the first operation mode again.
  • the device of one of previous implementations 47 or 48 is provided, wherein the beaconing signal indicates at least one of:
  • beacon signal • information indicating a time and/or resources used to transmit a next beacon signal, e.g., as relative information or as absolute information
  • the device of implementation 58 or 59 is provided, wherein the signal comprises a beaconing signal indicating at least one of:
  • beacon signal • information indicating a time and/or resources used to transmit a next beacon signal, e.g., as relative information or as absolute information;
  • the signal comprises a request to a different node to transmit a wakeup signal to the device to cause the device to enter the first operating mode.
  • the device of one of implementation 58 to 60 is provided, wherein the device is in accordance with one of implementations 1 to 57.
  • the device of one of previous implementations is provided, having different transmit modes according to claims 63 to 65.
  • the communication arrangement is configured for switching from the second operating mode to the first operating mode based on an event; wherein the device is adapted to transmit a first signal in the first operating mode and to transmit a second signal in the second operating mode.
  • the device of implementation 63 is provided, wherein an average power consumption of the communication arrangement in the second operating mode is lower when compared to the first operating mode and/or wherein a processing of the second signal is less complex or consumes less energy at the device and/or a decoding of the second signal at a receiver device of the signal is less complex or consumes less energy when compared to the first signal.
  • the device of implementation 63 or 64 is provided, being adapted in accordance with one of implementations 1 to 60.
  • implementation 1 to 15 is provided, being adapted in accordance with one of claims 1 to 65.
  • a network entity such as a base station or a location management function, LMF, or a satellite or a core network function/entity adapted to operate in a wireless communication network and to serve a plurality of devices with wireless communication is presented; wherein the network entity is to transmit a common pre-wakeup signal or a common wakeup signal to a plurality of devices to cause the plurality of devices to increase a power consumption, e.g., for communication with the network entity.
  • the network entity of implementation 67 is provided, wherein the network entity is to select the plurality of devices as a first subset from devices servable by the network entity whilst unselecting at least a second subset. From the devices servable by the network entity.
  • the network entity of implementation 68 is provided, wherein the first subset is selected based on at least one of: an identification of the devices a location, position and/or orientation of the devices a status of the devices - e.g. battery voltage, battery capacity a capability of the devices a class of the devices a group identifier of the devices a contactabillity of the devices (time, date) a connectivity of the devices (3GPP RRC, 3GPP sidelink, non-3GPP RAT) a status of a communication arrangement of the devices (PWLIR on/off, WUR on/off, PDCCH monitor on/off) an availability mechanism of the devices (by PWLIS, WUS, PDCCH).
  • an identification of the devices a location, position and/or orientation of the devices a status of the devices - e.g. battery voltage, battery capacity a capability of the devices a class of the devices a group identifier of the devices a contactabillity of the devices (time, date) a connectivity of the devices (3GPP
  • a method for adapting a wireless communication comprising: adapting a communication arrangement to operate in one of a set of operating modes; wherein a first operating mode of the set of operating modes is an awake mode to transmit a wireless communication signal for the wireless communication; wherein a second operating mode of the set of operating modes is a sleep mode or a deep sleep mode where the communication arrangement is at least partially inactive to save power when compared to the awake mode; wherein the device is adapted to execute a switching from the first operating mode to the second operating mode; wherein the device is adapted to transmit a wireless fall asleep signal in the first operating mode to announce or request the switching.
  • the device may be adapted to transmit the wireless fall asleep signal in two options: a) announcing; b) requesting.
  • a method for adapting a wireless communication comprising: adapting a communication arrangement comprising a receiver arrangement and a transmitter arrangement; wherein the receiver arrangement is adapted to operate in one of a set of operating modes; wherein a first operating mode of the set of operating modes is an awake mode to receive a wireless communication signal for the wireless communication; wherein a second operating mode of the set of operating modes is a mode where the receiver arrangement is at least partially inactive to save power when compared to the awake mode; wherein the receiver arrangement is configured for switching from the first operating mode to the second operating mode; wherein the transmitter arrangement is adapted to transmit a wireless signal during a time where the receiver arrangement operates in the second operating mode.
  • a method for adapting a wireless communication comprising: adapting a communication arrangement adapted to at least temporarily operate in an operating mode where a receiver unit, e.g. WUR, of the communication arrangement is configured to receive a wireless signal and to provide a receiver signal based on the wireless signal; configuring a controller unit for processing the receiver signal and to interpret the receiver signal as a response signal if the device has previously transmitted a request signal and awaits a response to the request signal; and to interpret the receiver signal as a request signal if the device does not await a response to a request signal.
  • a receiver unit e.g. WUR
  • a method for operating in a wireless communication network comprising: transmitting, e.g. based on a determined necessity or optimization potential, in the wireless communication network, a request signal indicating a request to change an uplink mode and/or a downlink mode of a second device; and/or receiving, in the wireless communication network, a request signal indicating a request to change an uplink mode and/or a downlink mode of the device and to operate based on the request signal.
  • the communication arrangement is configured for switching from the second operating mode to the first operating mode based on a received wakeup signal being a wireless signal, e.g. a wireless radio signal; wherein a third operating mode of the set of operating mode is a deep sleep mode where the communication arrangement is at least partially inactive to save power when compared to the second operating mode; e.g. device unable to receive the wireless signal, wherein the communication arrangement is configured for switching from the third operating mode to the second operating mode based on a received pre-wakeup signal.
  • a received wakeup signal being a wireless signal, e.g. a wireless radio signal
  • a third operating mode of the set of operating mode is a deep sleep mode where the communication arrangement is at least partially inactive to save power when compared to the second operating mode
  • the communication arrangement is configured for switching from the third operating mode to the second operating mode based on a received pre-wakeup signal.
  • a method for adapting a wireless communication comprising: adapting a communication arrangement to operate, in one of a set of operating modes; wherein a first operating mode of the set of operating modes is an awake mode to transmit a wireless communication signal for the wireless communication; wherein a second operating mode of the set of operating modes is a power saving mode where the communication arrangement is at least partially inactive to save power when compared to the awake mode wherein the device is to change, from the power saving mode to the first operating mode to transmit a signal indicating a future reception opportunity of the device and to then return into the power saving mode and to operate in an operation mode according to the reception opportunity.
  • a method for adapting a wireless communication comprising: adapting a communication arrangement to operate in one of a set of operating modes; wherein a first operating mode of the set of operating modes is an awake mode, e.g. name of such a mode may be adapted, , another name such as an alive mode may be used, to transmit, e.g. when comparing TX and RX at least RX seems to be mandatory, a wireless communication signal for the wireless communication; wherein a second operating mode of the set of operating modes is a sleep mode where the communication arrangement is at least partially inactive to save power when compared to the awake mode; e.g.
  • the communication arrangement is configured for switching from the second operating mode to the first operating mode based on an event; wherein the device is adapted to transmit a first signal in the first operating mode and to transmit a second signal in the second operating mode.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a computer system 1600. The units or modules as well as the steps of the methods performed by these units may execute on one or more computer systems 1600.
  • the computer system 1600 includes one or more processors 1602, like a special purpose or a general- purpose digital signal processor.
  • the processor 1602 is connected to a communication infrastructure 1604, like a bus or a network.
  • the computer system 500 includes a main memory 1606, e.g., a random-access memory (RAM), and a secondary memory 1608, e.g., a hard disk drive and/or a removable storage drive.
  • the secondary memory I&08 may allow computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into the computer system I600.
  • the computer system 1600 may further include a communications interface 1610 to allow software and data to be transferred between computer system 1600 and external devices.
  • the communication may be in the form of electronic, electromagnetic, optical, or other signals capable of being handled by a communications interface.
  • the communication may use a wire or a cable, fibre optics, a phone line, a cellular phone link, an RF link and other communications channels 1612.
  • computer program medium and “computer readable medium” are used to generally refer to tangible storage media such as removable storage units or a hard disk installed in a hard disk drive. These computer program products are means for providing software to the computer system 1600.
  • the computer programs also referred to as computer control logic, are stored in main memory 1606 and/or secondary memory 1608. Computer programs may also be received via the communications interface 1610.
  • the computer program when executed, enables the computer system 1600 to implement the present invention.
  • the computer program when executed, enables processor 1602 to implement the processes of the present invention, such as any of the methods described herein. Accordingly, such a computer program may represent a controller of the computer system 1600.
  • the software may be stored in a computer program product and loaded into computer system 1600 using a removable storage drive, an interface, like communications interface 1610.
  • Examples of use cases or applications are not limited to include the following: Some, or possibly all, of the embodiments presented in the disclosure might also potentially be described by the following title: for example, “A combined wakeup and paging signal for satellite borne communication systems”. Alternatively or in addition, at least some embodiments may relate to a combined wake-up signal and paging signal for satellite-born communication.
  • a first set of examples may relate to Initial identification of an loT device to a n/w without the need for a SIM/eSIM.
  • an ephemeris (pl. ephemerides; from Latin ephemeris 'diary', and Greek ccpri cpi ⁇ (ephemeris) 'diary, journal')[1 ][2][3] is a book with tables that gives the trajectory of naturally occurring astronomical objects as well as artificial satellites in the sky, i.e., the position (and possibly velocity) over time.
  • positions were given as printed tables of values, given at regular intervals of date and time. The calculation of these tables was one of the first applications of mechanical computers. Modern ephemerides are often provided in electronic form. However, printed ephemerides are still produced, as they are useful when computational devices are not available.
  • the device itself is sending a beacon.
  • the beacon signal contains information describing how the device sending the beacon signal should be activated (e.g. frequency, signal type, wake-up pattern/sequence). Public key encryption.
  • Multi-stage wake-up/initialization/configuration (with or without a bidirectional flow of information). Achieved through the use of a change of the information content of the beacon signal (short beacon, mid-length beacon, long beacon etc.)
  • service can, or may, be limited to UEs with a location accuracy below a threshold.
  • the UE can use PRS from the satellites to derive another source for self-location.
  • Embodiments may provide solutions to the technical problem of enabling how to test if spoofing is being used, e.g. UE as victim of spoofing, assuming a possibility to spoof PRS.
  • Potential use cases may relate to:
  • PWUS/WUS - could also be described as a network-downlink-signal (NDLS).
  • NDLS network-downlink-signal
  • NDLS can be a request or a response.
  • WMUS - could also be described as a device-uplink-signal (DULS).
  • DULS can be a request or a response.
  • Device ID position, location, orientation, battery state/strength, capability
  • Message type, priority, importance, urgency, request, response;
  • embodiments of the invention can be implemented in hardware or in software.
  • the implementation can be performed using a digital storage medium, for example a floppy disk, a DVD, a CD, a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM or a FLASH memory, having electronically readable control signals stored thereon, which cooperate (or are capable of cooperating) with a programmable computer system such that the respective method is performed.
  • a digital storage medium for example a floppy disk, a DVD, a CD, a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM or a FLASH memory, having electronically readable control signals stored thereon, which cooperate (or are capable of cooperating) with a programmable computer system such that the respective method is performed.
  • Some embodiments according to the invention comprise a data carrier having electronically readable control signals, which are capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system, such that one of the methods described herein is performed.
  • embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a computer program product with a program code, the program code being operative for performing one of the methods when the computer program product runs on a computer.
  • the program code may for example be stored on a machine readable carrier.
  • a further embodiment of the inventive method is, therefore, a data stream or a sequence of signals representing the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein.
  • the data stream or the sequence of signals may for example be configured to be transferred via a data communication connection, for example via the Internet.
  • a further embodiment comprises a processing means, for example a computer, or a programmable logic device, configured to or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein.
  • a processing means for example a computer, or a programmable logic device, configured to or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein.
  • a further embodiment comprises a computer having installed thereon the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein.
  • a programmable logic device for example a field programmable gate array
  • a field programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor in order to perform one of the methods described herein.
  • the methods are preferably performed by any hardware apparatus.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif conçu pour une communication sans fil, le dispositif comprenant : un agencement de communication conçu pour fonctionner dans un certain mode au sein d'un ensemble de modes de fonctionnement. Un premier mode de fonctionnement de l'ensemble de modes de fonctionnement est un mode actif de transmission d'un signal de communication sans fil pour la communication sans fil. Un second mode de fonctionnement de l'ensemble de modes de fonctionnement est un mode veille ou un mode veille prolongée dans lesquels l'agencement de communication est au moins partiellement inactif pour économiser de l'énergie par rapport au mode actif. Le dispositif est conçu pour basculer du premier mode de fonctionnement au second mode de fonctionnement, le dispositif étant conçu pour transmettre un signal sans fil de mise en veille dans le premier mode de fonctionnement afin d'annoncer ou de demander le basculement.
PCT/EP2025/054109 2024-02-23 2025-02-14 Signal de réveil et signal de radiomessagerie combinés et extensions pour signalisation en mode veille Pending WO2025176580A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100135159A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2010-06-03 Sung Duck Chun Method of monitoring control channel in wireless communication system
US20170290021A1 (en) * 2014-09-19 2017-10-05 Lg Electronics Inc. Method for multi-rat scheduling and apparatus therefor in system in which heterogeneous wireless communication technologies are utilized
US20180332533A1 (en) 2017-05-15 2018-11-15 Qualcomm Incorporated Wake-up signal (wus) and wake-up receiver (wur) in a communication device

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100135159A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2010-06-03 Sung Duck Chun Method of monitoring control channel in wireless communication system
US20170290021A1 (en) * 2014-09-19 2017-10-05 Lg Electronics Inc. Method for multi-rat scheduling and apparatus therefor in system in which heterogeneous wireless communication technologies are utilized
US20180332533A1 (en) 2017-05-15 2018-11-15 Qualcomm Incorporated Wake-up signal (wus) and wake-up receiver (wur) in a communication device

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