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WO2025173807A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour effectuer un transfert dans un système de communication sans fil - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour effectuer un transfert dans un système de communication sans fil

Info

Publication number
WO2025173807A1
WO2025173807A1 PCT/KR2024/002036 KR2024002036W WO2025173807A1 WO 2025173807 A1 WO2025173807 A1 WO 2025173807A1 KR 2024002036 W KR2024002036 W KR 2024002036W WO 2025173807 A1 WO2025173807 A1 WO 2025173807A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base station
terminal
present disclosure
self
conditional handover
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/KR2024/002036
Other languages
English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
김수진
김우찬
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LG Electronics Inc
Original Assignee
LG Electronics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LG Electronics Inc filed Critical LG Electronics Inc
Priority to PCT/KR2024/002036 priority Critical patent/WO2025173807A1/fr
Publication of WO2025173807A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025173807A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
    • H04W36/20—Performing reselection for specific purposes for optimising the interference level
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/34—Reselection control
    • H04W36/36—Reselection control by user or terminal equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H04W52/40—TPC being performed in particular situations during macro-diversity or soft handoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a method and device for performing a handover in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a method and device for performing a conditional handover by taking self-interference into account between a terminal and a base station within a wireless communication system.
  • Wireless access systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication services, such as voice and data.
  • wireless access systems are multiple access systems that support communications with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power).
  • multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), and single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA).
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single-carrier frequency division multiple access
  • enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication technologies are being proposed, improving upon existing radio access technology (RAT).
  • massive machine type communications (mMTC) which connects numerous devices and objects to provide diverse services anytime and anywhere, as well as communication systems that consider reliability and latency-sensitive services/user equipment (UE), are being proposed.
  • UE latency-sensitive services/user equipment
  • conditional handover (CHO) which, unlike conventional handovers, allows terminals to decide to perform a handover only when certain conditions are met. While previous discussions have focused on methods where the base station directly controls the terminal when self-interference removal fails, there has been little discussion on methods where the terminal directly considers self-interference to perform a handover, necessitating further research.
  • the present disclosure provides a method and device for performing handover in a wireless communication system.
  • the present disclosure provides a method and device for performing CHO (Conditional Handover) by taking self-interference into consideration between a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system.
  • the present disclosure provides a method and device for measuring communication quality by switching the operation of a terminal to HDR (Half Duplex Radio) when the terminal performs a handover.
  • HDR Hyf Duplex Radio
  • the operation mode of the terminal may be switched from the FDR mode to the HDR (Half Duplex Radio) mode.
  • the method further comprises the step of transmitting information about at least one self-interference cancellation result to the first base station, wherein the first base station can determine whether to apply a conditional handover to the terminal based on a time for which the self-interference cancellation result remains successful.
  • the RRC reset message includes information on at least one of changed transmission power and resource allocation, and the result of the at least one self-interference cancellation may be additionally transmitted to the first base station based on the RRC reset message.
  • the operation mode of the terminal may be switched from the FDR mode to the HDR mode based on the RRC reset message.
  • whether to perform a conditional handover for the second base station may be determined based on the time for which the result of self-interference cancellation remains successful.
  • the method further includes the step of additionally receiving an RRC reset message from the first base station when the time for which the result of the self-interference cancellation is maintained as successful is less than a preset time, wherein the additionally transmitted RRC reset message includes information on at least one of changed transmission power and resource allocation, and the result of the self-interference cancellation can be updated based on the additionally transmitted RRC reset message.
  • the method further includes a step of receiving at least one self-interference cancellation result from the terminal, wherein whether to apply a conditional handover to the terminal can be determined based on a time for which the self-interference cancellation result remains successful.
  • the terminal may determine whether to perform a conditional handover for the second base station based on the time for which the result of the self-interference cancellation remains successful.
  • a base station operating in a communication system includes a transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations, wherein the operations may include all steps of a method of operating the base station according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more commands, wherein the one or more commands perform operations based on being executed by one or more processors, and the operations may include all steps of a method of operating a terminal according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a method and device for performing a conditional handover (CHO: Conditional Handover Procedure) by taking self-interference into consideration by a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system can be provided.
  • a method and device for measuring communication quality by switching the operation of a terminal to HDR (Half Duplex Radio) when the terminal performs a handover can be provided.
  • the terminal and the base station have the effect of being able to perform handover while minimizing self-interference.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the system structure of a New Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN).
  • NG-RAN New Generation Radio Access Network
  • Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a 5G usage scenario.
  • Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a perceptron structure.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a multilayer perceptron structure.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a filter operation in a convolutional neural network.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a neural network structure in which a recurrent loop exists.
  • Figure 12 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the operating structure of a recurrent neural network.
  • Figure 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a THz communication application.
  • Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of an electronic component-based THz wireless communication transmitter and receiver.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for generating a THz signal based on an optical element.
  • Fig. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of an optical element-based THz wireless communication transceiver.
  • Fig. 18 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a photon source-based transmitter.
  • Figure 19 is a drawing showing the structure of an optical modulator.
  • Figure 21 is a diagram for explaining magnetic interference of a wireless device.
  • FIG. 24 is a drawing for explaining an example of a wireless device to which magnetic interference cancellation applicable to the present disclosure is applied.
  • FIG. 27 is a diagram for explaining an event according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 28 is a diagram for explaining an event trigger process to which the present disclosure is applied.
  • FIG. 34 is a diagram for explaining a method for performing conditional handover according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 38 is a diagram for explaining a method for performing conditional handover according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 40 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for a terminal to transmit and receive signals in a system applicable to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 43 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 45 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal.
  • FIG. 48 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 52 illustrates an AI device applicable to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a or B may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and/or B.” For example, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “A, B or C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.”
  • a slash (/) or a comma may mean “and/or.”
  • A/B may mean “A and/or B.”
  • A/B may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.”
  • A, B, C may mean “A, B, or C.”
  • “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Furthermore, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” may be interpreted as equivalent to “at least one of A and B.”
  • “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”
  • parentheses used in various embodiments of the present disclosure may mean “for example.” Specifically, when indicated as “control information (PDCCH)", “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “control information.” In other words, “control information” in various embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to “PDCCH”, and “PDDCH” may be proposed as an example of "control information.” Furthermore, even when indicated as “control information (i.e., PDCCH)", “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of "control information.”
  • CDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) or CDMA2000.
  • TDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as GSM (Global System for Mobile communications)/GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)/EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution).
  • OFDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, and E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA).
  • UTRA is a part of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System).
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • E-UMTS Evolved UMTS
  • LTE-A Advanced/LTE-A pro
  • 3GPP NR New Radio or New Radio Access Technology
  • 3GPP 6G may be an evolved version of 3GPP NR.
  • LTE refers to technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 8.
  • LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 is referred to as LTE-A
  • LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 13 is referred to as LTE-A pro
  • 3GPP NR refers to technology after TS 38.
  • 3GPP 6G may refer to technology after TS Release 17 and/or Release 18.
  • “xxx” refers to a standard document detail number.
  • LTE/NR/6G may be collectively referred to as a 3GPP system.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of physical channels and general signal transmission used in a 3GPP system.
  • a terminal receives information from a base station via the downlink (DL) and transmits it to the base station via the uplink (UL).
  • the information transmitted and received between the base station and the terminal includes data and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type and purpose of the information being transmitted and received.
  • a terminal When a terminal is powered on or enters a new cell, it performs an initial cell search operation, such as synchronizing with the base station (S11). To this end, the terminal receives a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) from the base station to synchronize with the base station and obtain information such as a cell ID. Afterwards, the terminal can receive a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) from the base station to obtain broadcast information within the cell. Meanwhile, the terminal can receive a Downlink Reference Signal (DL RS) during the initial cell search phase to check the downlink channel status.
  • PSS Primary Synchronization Signal
  • SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal
  • PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
  • DL RS Downlink Reference Signal
  • a terminal that has completed initial cell search can obtain more specific system information by receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) based on information contained in the PDCCH (S12).
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
  • the terminal may perform a random access procedure (RACH) for the base station (S13 to S16).
  • RACH random access procedure
  • the terminal may transmit a specific sequence as a preamble via a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S13 and S15) and receive a response message (RAR (Random Access Response) message) to the preamble via a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH.
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • RAR Random Access Response
  • a contention resolution procedure may additionally be performed (S16).
  • the terminal that has performed the procedure described above can then perform PDCCH/PDSCH reception (S17) and physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)/physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission (S18) as general uplink/downlink signal transmission procedures.
  • the terminal can receive downlink control information (DCI) through the PDCCH.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • the DCI includes control information such as resource allocation information for the terminal, and different formats can be applied depending on the purpose of use.
  • control information that the terminal transmits to the base station via the uplink or that the terminal receives from the base station may include downlink/uplink ACK/NACK signals, CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Index), RI (Rank Indicator), etc.
  • the terminal may transmit the above-described control information such as CQI/PMI/RI via PUSCH and/or PUCCH.
  • the base station transmits a related signal to the terminal through a downlink channel described below, and the terminal receives the related signal from the base station through a downlink channel described below.
  • PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
  • PDSCH carries downlink data (e.g., DL-shared channel transport block, DL-SCH TB) and applies modulation methods such as Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 64 QAM, and 256 QAM.
  • Codewords are generated by encoding the TBs.
  • PDSCH can carry multiple codewords. Scrambling and modulation mapping are performed for each codeword, and modulation symbols generated from each codeword are mapped to one or more layers (Layer mapping). Each layer is mapped to resources along with a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), generated as an OFDM symbol signal, and transmitted through the corresponding antenna port.
  • DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal
  • the PDCCH carries downlink control information (DCI) and employs modulation methods such as QPSK.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • a PDCCH consists of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 Control Channel Elements (CCEs), depending on the Aggregation Level (AL).
  • CCEs Control Channel Elements
  • Each CCE is comprised of six Resource Element Groups (REGs). Each REG is defined by one OFDM symbol and one (P)RB.
  • the UE obtains DCI transmitted via the PDCCH by performing decoding (also known as blind decoding) on a set of PDCCH candidates.
  • the set of PDCCH candidates decoded by the UE is defined as a PDCCH search space set.
  • the search space set may be a common search space or a UE-specific search space.
  • the UE can obtain DCI by monitoring PDCCH candidates within one or more search space sets established by the MIB or higher layer signaling.
  • the terminal transmits a related signal to the base station through the uplink channel described below, and the base station receives the related signal from the terminal through the uplink channel described below.
  • PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
  • next-generation communication As more and more communication devices demand greater communication capacity, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging.
  • massive Machine Type Communications (MTC) which connects numerous devices and objects to provide various services anytime, anywhere, is also a key issue to be considered in next-generation communication.
  • communication system design that considers reliability and latency-sensitive services/terminals is being discussed.
  • next-generation radio access technologies that take into account enhanced mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication) is being discussed, and in various embodiments of the present disclosure, such technologies are conveniently referred to as new RAT or NR.
  • the NG-RAN may include a gNB and/or an eNB that provides user plane and control plane protocol termination to the UE.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a case where only a gNB is included.
  • the gNB and eNB are connected to each other via an Xn interface.
  • the gNB and eNB are connected to the 5th generation core network (5G Core Network: 5GC) via the NG interface.
  • 5G Core Network: 5GC 5th generation core network
  • the gNB is connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via the NG-C interface
  • the gNB is connected to the user plane function (UPF) via the NG-U interface.
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • UPF user plane function
  • Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the functional division between NG-RAN and 5GC.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a 5G usage scenario.
  • the 5G usage scenario illustrated in FIG. 4 is merely exemplary, and the technical features of various embodiments of the present disclosure can also be applied to other 5G usage scenarios not illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the three key requirement areas for 5G include (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC), and (3) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC).
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • mMTC massive machine type communication
  • URLLC ultra-reliable and low latency communications
  • KPI key performance indicator
  • eMBB focuses on improving data speeds, latency, user density, and overall capacity and coverage of mobile broadband connections. It targets throughputs of around 10 Gbps. eMBB significantly exceeds basic mobile internet access, enabling rich interactive experiences, media and entertainment applications in the cloud, and augmented reality. Data is a key driver of 5G, and for the first time, dedicated voice services may not be available in the 5G era. In 5G, voice is expected to be handled as an application, simply using the data connection provided by the communication system. The increased traffic volume is primarily due to the increasing content size and the growing number of applications that require high data rates. Streaming services (audio and video), interactive video, and mobile internet connectivity will become more prevalent as more devices connect to the internet.
  • Cloud storage and applications are rapidly growing on mobile communication platforms, and this can be applied to both work and entertainment.
  • Cloud storage is a particular use case driving the growth of uplink data rates.
  • 5G is also used for remote work in the cloud, requiring significantly lower end-to-end latency to maintain a superior user experience when tactile interfaces are used.
  • cloud gaming and video streaming are other key factors driving the demand for mobile broadband.
  • Entertainment is essential on smartphones and tablets, regardless of location, including in highly mobile environments like trains, cars, and airplanes.
  • Another use case is augmented reality and information retrieval for entertainment, where augmented reality requires extremely low latency and instantaneous data volumes.
  • mMTC is designed to enable communication between a large number of low-cost, battery-powered devices, supporting applications such as smart metering, logistics, field, and body sensors.
  • mMTC targets a battery life of approximately 10 years and/or a population of approximately 1 million devices per square kilometer.
  • mMTC enables seamless connectivity of embedded sensors across all sectors and is one of the most anticipated 5G use cases.
  • the number of IoT devices is projected to reach 20.4 billion by 2020.
  • Industrial IoT is one area where 5G will play a key role, enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure.
  • URLLC is ideal for vehicle communications, industrial control, factory automation, remote surgery, smart grids, and public safety applications by enabling devices and machines to communicate with high reliability, very low latency, and high availability.
  • URLLC targets latency on the order of 1 ms.
  • URLLC encompasses new services that will transform industries through ultra-reliable, low-latency links, such as remote control of critical infrastructure and autonomous vehicles. This level of reliability and latency is essential for smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics, and drone control and coordination.
  • Automotive is expected to be a significant new driver for 5G, with numerous use cases for in-vehicle mobile communications. For example, passenger entertainment demands both high capacity and high mobile broadband, as future users will consistently expect high-quality connectivity regardless of their location and speed.
  • Another automotive application is augmented reality dashboards.
  • An AR dashboard allows drivers to identify objects in the dark on top of what they see through the windshield. The AR dashboard overlays information to inform the driver about the distance and movement of objects.
  • wireless modules will enable vehicle-to-vehicle communication, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between vehicles and other connected devices (e.g., devices accompanying pedestrians).
  • Safety systems can guide drivers to safer driving behaviors, reducing the risk of accidents.
  • Smart cities and smart homes often referred to as smart societies, will be embedded with dense wireless sensor networks.
  • a distributed network of intelligent sensors will identify conditions for cost- and energy-efficient maintenance of cities or homes. Similar setups can be implemented for individual homes.
  • Temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and appliances will all be wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors typically require low data rates, low power, and low cost. However, for example, real-time HD video may be required from certain types of devices for surveillance purposes.
  • Smart grids interconnect these sensors using digital information and communication technologies to collect and act on information. This information can include the behavior of suppliers and consumers, enabling smart grids to improve efficiency, reliability, economic efficiency, sustainable production, and the automated distribution of fuels like electricity. Smart grids can also be viewed as another low-latency sensor network.
  • Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Wiring is expensive to install and maintain. Therefore, the potential to replace cables with reconfigurable wireless links presents an attractive opportunity for many industries. However, achieving this requires wireless connections to operate with similar latency, reliability, and capacity to cables, while simplifying their management. Low latency and extremely low error rates are new requirements for 5G connectivity.
  • Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications, enabling the tracking of inventory and packages anywhere using location-based information systems. Logistics and freight tracking typically require low data rates but may require wide-range and reliable location information.
  • next-generation communications e.g., 6G
  • 6G next-generation communications
  • the 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities.
  • the vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below.
  • Table 1 is a table showing an example of the requirements of a 6G system.
  • Connected Intelligence Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence.” AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).
  • High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.
  • the neural network's calculation of the input data and the backpropagation of the error can constitute a learning cycle (epoch).
  • the learning rate can be applied differently depending on the number of iterations of the neural network's learning cycle. For example, in the early stages of training a neural network, a high learning rate can be used to quickly allow the network to achieve a certain level of performance, thereby increasing efficiency. In the later stages of training, a low learning rate can be used to increase accuracy.
  • Learning methods may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, if the goal is to accurately predict data transmitted by a transmitter in a communication system, supervised learning is preferable to unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.
  • the learning model corresponds to the human brain, and the most basic linear model can be thought of, but the machine learning paradigm that uses highly complex neural network structures, such as artificial neural networks, as learning models is called deep learning.
  • the neural network cores used in learning methods are mainly divided into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), and recurrent boltzmann machines (RNN).
  • DNN deep neural networks
  • CNN convolutional deep neural networks
  • RNN recurrent boltzmann machines
  • An artificial neural network is an example of a network of multiple perceptrons.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a perceptron structure.
  • a large-scale artificial neural network structure can extend the simplified perceptron structure illustrated in Fig. 6 to apply the input vector to perceptrons of different dimensions. For convenience of explanation, input values or output values are called nodes.
  • the perceptron structure illustrated in Fig. 6 can be explained as consisting of a total of three layers based on input and output values.
  • An artificial neural network in which there are H perceptrons of (d+1) dimensions between the 1st layer and the 2nd layer, and K perceptrons of (H+1) dimensions between the 2nd layer and the 3rd layer can be expressed as in Fig. 7.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a multilayer perceptron structure.
  • the layer where the input vector is located is called the input layer
  • the layer where the final output value is located is called the output layer
  • all layers located between the input layer and the output layer are called hidden layers.
  • the example in Fig. 7 shows three layers, but when counting the number of layers in an actual artificial neural network, the input layer is excluded, so it can be viewed as a total of two layers.
  • An artificial neural network is composed of perceptrons, which are basic blocks, connected in two dimensions.
  • the aforementioned input, hidden, and output layers can be applied jointly not only to multilayer perceptrons but also to various artificial neural network structures, such as CNNs and RNNs, which will be described later.
  • the machine learning paradigm that uses sufficiently deep artificial neural networks as learning models is called deep learning.
  • the artificial neural network used for deep learning is called a deep neural network (DNN).
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a deep neural network.
  • the deep neural network illustrated in Figure 8 is a multilayer perceptron consisting of eight hidden layers and eight output layers.
  • the multilayer perceptron structure is referred to as a fully connected neural network.
  • a fully connected neural network there is no connection between nodes located in the same layer, and there is a connection only between nodes located in adjacent layers.
  • DNN has a fully connected neural network structure and is composed of a combination of multiple hidden layers and activation functions, and can be usefully applied to identify correlation characteristics between inputs and outputs.
  • the correlation characteristic can mean the joint probability of inputs and outputs.
  • the above filter performs weighted sum and activation function operations while moving at a certain horizontal and vertical interval while scanning the input layer, and places the output value at the current filter position.
  • This operation method is similar to the convolution operation for images in the field of computer vision, so a deep neural network with this structure is called a convolutional neural network (CNN), and the hidden layer generated as a result of the convolution operation is called a convolutional layer.
  • a neural network with multiple convolutional layers is called a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN).
  • a structure that applies a method of inputting one element of the data sequence at each timestep and inputting the output vector (hidden vector) of the hidden layer output at a specific timestep together with the immediately following element in the sequence is called a recurrent neural network structure.
  • a recurrent neural network is a structure that inputs elements (x1(t), x2(t), ,..., xd(t)) of a data sequence at a time point t into a fully connected neural network, and then inputs the hidden vectors (z1(t-1), z2(t-1),..., zH(t-1)) of the immediately preceding time point t-1 together and applies a weighted sum and activation function.
  • the reason for transmitting the hidden vector to the next time point in this way is because the information in the input vectors of the preceding time points is considered to be accumulated in the hidden vector of the current time point.
  • the recurrent neural network operates in a predetermined order of time for the input data sequence.
  • Recurrent neural networks are designed to be useful for processing sequence data (e.g., natural language processing).
  • various deep learning techniques such as DNN, CNN, RNN, Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), Deep Belief Network (DBN), and Deep Q-Network, and can be applied to fields such as computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, and speech/signal processing.
  • THz waves also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm.
  • the 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications.
  • 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.
  • THz communications Key characteristics include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas).
  • the narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference.
  • the small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.
  • OWC technology is designed for 6G communications, in addition to RF-based communications for all possible device-to-access networks. These networks connect to network-to-backhaul/fronthaul networks.
  • OWC technology has already been used in 4G communication systems, but it will be used more widely to meet the demands of 6G communication systems.
  • OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and wideband-based FSO communication are already well-known. Communications based on optical wireless technology can provide very high data rates, low latency, and secure communications.
  • LiDAR can also be used for ultra-high-resolution 4D mapping in 6G communications based on wideband.
  • FSO can be a promising technology for providing backhaul connectivity in 6G systems, in conjunction with fiber-optic networks.
  • FSO supports high-capacity backhaul connectivity for remote and non-remote areas, such as the ocean, space, underwater, and isolated islands.
  • FSO also supports cellular base station (BS) connections.
  • BS base station
  • MIMO technology One of the key technologies for improving spectral efficiency is the application of MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, spectral efficiency also improves. Therefore, massive MIMO technology will be crucial in 6G systems. Because MIMO technology utilizes multiple paths, multiplexing technology must be considered to ensure that data signals can be transmitted along more than one path, as well as beam generation and operation technologies suitable for the THz band.
  • Blockchain will become a crucial technology for managing massive amounts of data in future communication systems.
  • Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology.
  • a distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger.
  • Blockchains are managed by a peer-to-peer network and can exist without being managed by a central authority or server. Data on a blockchain is collected and organized into blocks. Blocks are linked together and protected using cryptography.
  • Blockchain perfectly complements large-scale IoT with its inherently enhanced interoperability, security, privacy, reliability, and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology offers several features, such as interoperability between devices, traceability of large amounts of data, autonomous interaction with other IoT systems, and the massive connectivity stability of 6G communication systems.
  • Unsupervised reinforcement learning holds promise in the context of 6G networks. Supervised learning approaches cannot label the massive amounts of data generated by 6G networks. Unsupervised learning does not require labeling. Therefore, this technology can be used to autonomously build representations of complex networks. Combining reinforcement learning and unsupervised learning allows for truly autonomous network operation.
  • Unmanned Aerial Vehicles will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed wireless connections will be provided using UAV technology.
  • BS entities are installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity.
  • UAVs offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communication infrastructure is not economically feasible, and sometimes, volatile environments make it impossible to provide services. UAVs can easily handle these situations.
  • UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC.
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • URLLC ultra low-access control
  • mMTC massive machine type of networks
  • UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6
  • each access network will be connected to backhaul connections, such as fiber optics and FSO networks. To accommodate the massive number of access networks, there will be tight integration between access and backhaul networks.
  • THz-band signals have strong linearity, which can create many shadow areas due to obstacles.
  • LIS technology which enables expanded communication coverage, enhanced communication stability, and additional value-added services by installing LIS near these shadow areas, is becoming increasingly important.
  • LIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials that can alter the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. While LIS can be viewed as an extension of massive MIMO, it differs from massive MIMO in its array structure and operating mechanism. Furthermore, LIS operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, passively reflecting signals without using active RF chains, which offers the advantage of low power consumption. Furthermore, because each passive reflector in LIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incoming signal, this can be advantageous for wireless communication channels. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift via the LIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.
  • THz waves are located between the RF (Radio Frequency)/millimeter (mm) and infrared bands, and (i) compared to visible light/infrared light, they penetrate non-metallic/non-polarizable materials well, and compared to RF/millimeter waves, they have a shorter wavelength, so they have high linearity and can focus beams.
  • the photon energy of THz waves is only a few meV, they have the characteristic of being harmless to the human body.
  • THz wireless communication scenarios can be categorized into macro networks, micro networks, and nanoscale networks.
  • THz wireless communication can be applied to vehicle-to-vehicle and backhaul/fronthaul connections.
  • THz wireless communication can be applied to fixed point-to-point or multi-point connections, such as indoor small cells, wireless connections in data centers, and near-field communications, such as kiosk downloads.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for generating a THz signal based on an optical element.
  • an optical coupler refers to a semiconductor device that transmits an electrical signal using optical waves to provide electrical isolation and coupling between circuits or systems
  • a UTC-PD Uni-Travelling Carrier Photo-Detector
  • the UTC-PD is capable of detecting light at 150 GHz or higher.
  • an EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier
  • a PD Photo Detector
  • an OSA optical module (Optical Sub Assembly) that modularizes various optical communication functions (photoelectric conversion, electro-optical conversion, etc.) into a single component
  • a DSO represents a digital storage oscilloscope.
  • a terahertz transmission and reception system can be implemented using a single optical-to-electrical converter.
  • the number of optical-to-electrical converters may be equal to the number of carriers. This phenomenon will be particularly noticeable in a multi-carrier system that utilizes multiple broadbands according to the aforementioned spectrum usage plan.
  • a frame structure for the multi-carrier system may be considered.
  • a signal down-converted using an optical-to-electrical converter may be transmitted in a specific resource region (e.g., a specific frame).
  • the frequency region of the specific resource region may include multiple chunks. Each chunk may be composed of at least one component carrier (CC).
  • Intra-device self-interference refers to interference in which a device generates its own signal and acts as interference to itself.
  • FDR mode since transmission and reception occur using the same time and frequency resources, both the desired signal and the device's own transmitted signal can be received simultaneously. At this time, the device's transmitted signal is received by its own receiving antenna with minimal attenuation, so it can be received with significantly greater power than the desired signal, potentially causing interference.
  • Inter-base station (BS) to BS inter-link interference (IRI) can refer to interference between signals received by the receiving antennas of other BSs, either between BSs or between heterogeneous BSs in a HetNet environment.
  • Heterogeneous BSs can include picocells, femtocells, and relay nodes.
  • self-interference within the device is an interference that occurs only in the FDR system and significantly degrades the performance of the system to which the FDR mode is applied. It may be the interference that must be resolved first in order to operate the system in the FDR mode.
  • Figure 21 illustrates self-interference in FDR mode.
  • Self-interference can be divided into direct interference, where a signal transmitted through a transmitting antenna directly reaches its receiving antenna without any path loss, and reflected interference, where the signal is reflected by the surrounding terrain.
  • the magnitude of self-interference is bound to be relatively larger than that of the desired signal due to the physical distance difference. Because self-interference in FDR mode is extremely large, a discussion on how to address it is essential.
  • FIG. 22 is a drawing for explaining requirements of a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.
  • Table 22 illustrates an example of self-interference requirements according to maximum transmission power for efficient operation of a communication system in FDR mode. For example, it can be seen that a terminal in FDR mode requires a self-interference performance of 119 dBm to operate effectively in a bandwidth of 20 MHz.
  • FIG. 23 is a drawing for explaining the cancellation of magnetic interference of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.
  • Figure 23 illustrates the actual application locations within a device where each of the three magnetic interference cancellation methods described below is applied.
  • Antenna Self-IC (Antenna Self-IC) is a priority method, and it involves canceling self-IC at the antenna level. Examples include physically blocking the transmission of self-IC signals by installing a signal-blocking object between the transmitting and receiving antennas, artificially adjusting the distance between antennas using multiple antennas, and canceling self-IC by inverting the phase of a specific transmission signal. Furthermore, methods utilizing multi-polarized antennas or directional antennas may be utilized.
  • Analog Self-IC is a method for removing interference at the analog stage before the received signal passes through the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). It can be a method of removing self-interference signals using a replicated analog signal. This can be performed in the radio frequency (RF) or intermediate frequency (IF) domain.
  • RF radio frequency
  • IF intermediate frequency
  • self-interference cancellation can be achieved by time-delaying the transmitted analog signal, then adjusting the magnitude and phase to create a replicated signal of the self-interference signal actually received, and then subtracting this signal from the signal received by the receiving antenna.
  • additional distortion may occur due to implementation complexity and circuit characteristics, which may cause interference cancellation performance to differ from expectations.
  • the wireless device of Fig. 24 illustrates a block diagram of an OFDM wireless device including a self-interference cancellation function. Modules suitable for the purpose may be added or deleted in Fig. 24. Furthermore, the digital self-interference cancellation module may be positioned after the IFFT. Furthermore, the digital self-interference cancellation module may directly utilize digital self-interference information before the DAC and after passing through the ADC, or may utilize self-interference signals after passing through the IFFT and before passing through the FFT. Meanwhile, Fig. 24 illustrates an example of removing self-interference signals by separating the transmit antenna and the receive antenna. However, when using an antenna interference cancellation technique using a single antenna, the wireless device may include an antenna configuration different from that of Fig. 24.
  • the transmit and receive signals share the same frequency, so nonlinear RF components can significantly affect the signal.
  • the transmit signal can be distorted by the nonlinear characteristics of active components such as the power amplifier (PA) in the transmit RF chain and the low-noise amplifier (LNA) in the receive RF chain.
  • PA power amplifier
  • LNA low-noise amplifier
  • Signal distortion can also occur due to the mixer in the transmit and receive RF chains.
  • the transmitted signal caused by this distortion can be modeled as generating high-order components. Among these, even-order components affect the high-frequency region around the DC frequency and several times the center frequency, so they can be effectively removed using conventional AC coupling or filtering techniques.
  • the received signal after the ADC can be expressed using the Parallel Hammerstein (PH) Model as shown in the following mathematical expression 1.
  • the gain of the estimated analog or digital magnetic channel is The received signal after performing self-interference using the human can be expressed according to the following mathematical expression 2.
  • Figure 28 is a diagram for explaining an event trigger process to which the present disclosure is applied.
  • the handover preparation step may be a step for the source base station and the target base station to prepare for handover of a terminal.
  • the source base station may transmit a user context to the target base station to determine whether the target base station can provide a service to the terminal.
  • the target base station may prepare for handover by setting up a transport bearer for packet forwarding and allocating a C-RNTI (Cell Radio Network Temporary Identity) value to be used when the terminal accesses the target base station and transmitting it to the source base station.
  • C-RNTI Cell Radio Network Temporary Identity
  • the Handover Execution phase may be the phase where the terminal actually performs the handover.
  • the terminal disconnects from the source base station and attempts to connect to the target base station, thereby accessing the target cell.
  • the terminal uses the C-RNTI allocated during the Handover Preparation phase, enabling rapid access to the target base station.
  • Downlink packets during the handover are transmitted to the target base station via a forwarding bearer and are buffered at the target base station until the terminal completes connection to the target base station, thereby preventing packet loss.
  • Uplink packets generated by the terminal are suspended until the terminal completes connection to the target base station, and can be transmitted directly to the target base station once the terminal completes connection.
  • Normal and conditional handovers may differ in the triggering of the handover process.
  • the handover process is initiated when the signal strength falls below a certain level, whereas in a conditional handover, the handover process may be initiated based on specific criteria such as service quality, resource availability, or device location.
  • service quality may degrade during the handover process, resulting in dropped calls or poor voice quality.
  • the handover process is performed only when the device can connect to a base station with better signal quality, thereby maintaining service quality.
  • the handover process is performed immediately when signal quality falls below a certain threshold, which can result in short delays.
  • the handover is held until certain criteria are met before the next handover process is performed, which can result in longer delays and reduced quality.
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram for explaining a method for performing conditional handover according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the terminal context of the source base station may include information about roaming and access restrictions when a connection is established or when the last timing advance was updated.
  • the source base station sets the measurement procedure for the terminal, and the terminal can report the signal quality to the source base station according to the setting.
  • the source base station may decide to perform a conditional handover.
  • the source base station may transmit a conditional handover request message (CHO request message) to the target base station to request a conditional handover to one or more candidate cells or neighboring cells.
  • CHO request message conditional handover request message
  • the target base station can control the connection by determining whether the PDU (Protocol Data Unit) session is supported.
  • PDU Protocol Data Unit
  • the target base station or candidate base station may transmit a conditional handover response or CHO response (HO REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE) containing configuration information of the candidate cell to the source base station.
  • HO REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE conditional handover response or CHO response
  • the source base station can transmit an RRC reset message including the target cell configuration information and conditional handover execution conditions (CHO execution conditions) to the terminal.
  • RRC reset message including the target cell configuration information and conditional handover execution conditions (CHO execution conditions) to the terminal.
  • interrupt performance similar to the existing one can be implemented while forwarding data during the handover preparation stage, and data robustness can be increased.
  • the terminal After receiving the conditional handover configuration, the terminal can maintain a connection with the source base station and evaluate the conditional handover execution conditions for the target cell. If one or more conditional handover execution conditions satisfy the execution conditions, the terminal can disconnect from the source base station and apply the stored configuration information for the selected target cell. Next, the terminal can complete the RRC handover process by performing synchronization with the target cell and sending an RRC reconfiguration complete message to the target base station. The terminal can release the stored conditional handover configurations after the RRC is successfully completed.
  • the target base station may transmit a handover success message or HANDOVER SUCCESS message to the source base station to notify that the terminal has successfully accessed the target cell.
  • the source base station may transmit an SN (Sequence Number) STATUS TRANSFER message to the target base station.
  • the SN STATUS TRANSFER message may be a message containing information indicating which packets are first transmitted or received between the source base station and the target base station. Late data forwarding may begin as soon as the source base station receives the HANDOVER SUCCESS message.
  • the source base station may transmit a handover cancellation message or HANDOVER CANCEL message to the target base station to cancel the conditional handover for the terminal.
  • the target base station can trigger the core network to switch the downlink data path to the target base station by sending a path switch request message or a PATH SWITCH REQUEST message to the AMF (access and mobility management function).
  • the core network can switch the downlink data path to the target base station.
  • the user plane function can release U-plane/TNL resources to the source base station by sending one or more "end marker" packets per PDU session/tunnel to the source base station.
  • AMF can acknowledge the PATH SWITCH REQUEST message with a PATH SWITCH REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE message.
  • the target base station can notify the source base station of the successful handover by sending a UE CONTEXT RELEASE.
  • the source base station can then release the radio and C-plane resources associated with the UE context. Meanwhile, ongoing data transmission can continue.
  • FIG. 31 is a diagram for explaining an event trigger of a conditional handover according to one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 32 is a diagram for explaining an event of a conditional handover according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figures 31 and 32 illustrate the events of conditional handover defined in 3GPP TS38.331 Release 16.
  • a handover can be performed if the target cell satisfies quality-based events (e.g., condEvent A3, condEvent A4, and condEvent A5 in Figure 32).
  • quality-based events e.g., condEvent A3, condEvent A4, and condEvent A5 in Figure 32.
  • NTN cell Non-Terrestrial Network Cell
  • the existing quality-based events may be insufficient.
  • the target cell satisfies condEvent A3
  • the range of the cell may exceed the area where the terminal is located. In this case, the terminal experiences a Radio Link Failure (RLF) and must perform an RLF recovery procedure.
  • RLF Radio Link Failure
  • time-based and location-based conditional events may be defined.
  • CondEvent D1 may be a handover event that is executed when the distance between the UE and the reference location of the serving cell is greater than a first threshold value (threshold1) and the distance between the UE and the reference location of the target cell is less than a second threshold value (threshold2). This event is set to the UE together with a quality-related conditional event, and the UE can perform a conditional handover to the target cell if both events are satisfied at the same time.
  • condEvent T1 may be a conditional handover event that is satisfied when the current time falls within a specific time interval.
  • condEvent T1 is set together with a quality-related conditional handover event, and if both conditions are satisfied at the same time, a conditional handover to the corresponding target cell can be performed. If the UE does not perform a conditional handover during the set time, the conditional handover setting may be released.
  • a reporting resource operation method can be defined that takes into account the case where self-interference signal control of a terminal fails during a normal handover process between a terminal and a base station to which FDR mode is applied.
  • FIGS. 31 and 32 described above may be supplemented and interpreted for configurations other than those described only partially.
  • FIG. 33 is a diagram for explaining a method for performing conditional handover according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a source base station determines whether to perform a conditional handover, it may be assumed that the terminal's report is trustworthy. For example, if a terminal is operating in FDR mode, the terminal can switch its operating mode to HDR mode based on an RRC reset message to eliminate self-interference.
  • FIG. 34 is a diagram for explaining a method for performing conditional handover according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the source base station determines whether to perform conditional performance, if the terminal continues to operate in FDR mode, the source base station can determine whether the result of self-interference cancellation (SIC result: Self-Interference Cancellation result) received from the terminal through UCI (Uplink Control Information) or RRC message continues to be “successful” (SUCCESS) for a certain period of time (T SIC ).
  • SIC result Self-Interference Cancellation result
  • UCI Uplink Control Information
  • RRC message continues to be “successful” (SUCCESS) for a certain period of time (T SIC ).
  • FIG. 35 is a diagram for explaining a method for performing conditional handover according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the source base station may transmit an RRC reset message to change the transmit power (Tx Power) and resource allocation, and restart the T SIC timer. Afterwards, the source base station may perform a conditional handover after waiting until the condition that the self-interference cancellation result is received as "SUCCESS" during the T SIC is satisfied.
  • FIG. 36 is a diagram for explaining a method for performing conditional handover according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the terminal when a terminal is operating in FDR mode, if the source base station has already decided to perform a conditional handover, the terminal may switch the operating mode to HDR mode based on an RRC reset message.
  • FIG. 37 is a diagram for explaining a method for performing conditional handover according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 38 is a diagram for explaining a method for performing conditional handover according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the terminal may report the results of self-interference cancellation to the source base station using at least one of a UCI or RRC message.
  • the result of self-interference cancellation may change to "FAIL.” If the terminal receives an RRC reset message indicating "FAIL" from the source base station again, it can suspend timeToTrigger and apply new settings, such as transmit power and resource allocation. Afterwards, channel quality can be re-measured and timeToTrigger can be reset.
  • FIG. 39 is a diagram for explaining an event trigger of a conditional handover according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 39 illustrates a conditional handover trigger configuration message according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a signal for restarting the previously described timeToTrigger may be added to an RRC reset message, such as "resetTimeToTrigger.”
  • the terminal when a terminal is operating in FDR mode and the source base station determines whether to perform a conditional handover, the terminal can be switched to HDR mode based on an RRC reset message. Accordingly, self-interference effects can be eliminated, thereby improving the reliability of the terminal's measurement reports.
  • whether to perform a conditional handover may be determined based on whether the result of self-interference cancellation received at the terminal based on a UCI or RRC message continues to be “successful” (SUCCESS) for a certain period of time (T SIC ).
  • the operation mode of the terminal can be switched to HDR mode based on an RRC reset message.
  • the condition for the conditional handover may be evaluated only when the result of self-interference cancellation is "SUCCESS.” On the other hand, if the result of self-interference cancellation is "FAIL,” a signal for restarting timeToTrigger in CondTriggerConfig may be added to the RRC message.
  • FIG. 40 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for a terminal to transmit and receive signals in a system applicable to the present disclosure.
  • a device for controlling a terminal in a communication system may be provided.
  • the device may include at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor.
  • the at least one memory may be configured to store instructions for performing the operating method of the terminal according to FIG. 40 based on instructions executed by the at least one processor.
  • a method performed by a first base station (BS) in a communication system applicable to the present disclosure may include a step of transmitting a reconfiguration message (RRC reconfiguration message) to a user equipment (UE) operating in a full duplex radio (FDR) mode (S4110), a step of receiving an RRC reconfiguration complete message (RRC reconfiguration complete message) from the UE (S4120), a step of determining whether to perform a conditional handover for the UE based on the RRC reconfiguration complete message (S4130), and a step of transmitting a conditional handover request message for the UE to the second base station based on whether to perform the conditional handover (S4140).
  • RRC reconfiguration message reconfiguration message
  • UE user equipment
  • FDR full duplex radio
  • the method further includes a step of receiving at least one self-interference cancellation result from the terminal, wherein whether to apply a conditional handover to the terminal can be determined based on a time for which the self-interference cancellation result remains successful.
  • the RRC reset message includes information on at least one of changed transmission power and resource allocation, and the result of the at least one self-interference cancellation may be additionally transmitted from the terminal.
  • the operation mode of the terminal may be switched from the FDR mode to the HDR mode based on the RRC reset message.
  • the terminal may determine whether to perform a conditional handover for the second base station based on the time for which the result of the self-interference cancellation remains successful.
  • the method further includes a step of additionally transmitting an RRC reset message to the terminal when the time for which the result of the self-interference cancellation is maintained as successful is less than a preset time, wherein the additionally transmitted RRC reset message may include information on at least one of changed transmission power and resource allocation.
  • a base station may be provided in a communication system.
  • the base station may include a transceiver and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor may be configured to perform the operating method of the base station according to FIG. 41.
  • a device for controlling a base station in a communication system may be provided.
  • the device may include at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor.
  • the at least one memory may be configured to store instructions for performing the operating method of the base station according to FIG. 41 based on instructions executed by the at least one processor.
  • one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more commands may be provided.
  • the one or more commands when executed by one or more processors, perform operations, and the operations may include an operating method of a base station according to FIG. 41.
  • the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device/server (400).
  • the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc.
  • the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone).
  • UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
  • XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality)/VR (Virtual Reality)/MR (Mixed Reality) devices, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc.
  • Mobile devices may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc.
  • Home appliances may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc.
  • IoT devices may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc.
  • a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may act as a base station/network node to other wireless devices.
  • Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300).
  • the network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network.
  • the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200)/network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station/network.
  • Wireless communication/connection can be established between wireless devices (100a ⁇ 100f)/base stations (200), and base stations (200)/base stations (200).
  • wireless communication/connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and base station-to-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul).
  • 5G NR wireless access technologies
  • uplink/downlink communication 150a
  • sidelink communication 150b
  • base station-to-base station communication 150c
  • wireless devices and base stations/wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit/receive wireless signals to each other.
  • the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR).
  • ⁇ the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200) ⁇ can correspond to ⁇ the wireless device (100x), the base station (200) ⁇ and/or ⁇ the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x) ⁇ of FIG. 29.
  • a first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and/or one or more antennas (108).
  • the processor (102) controls the memories (104) and/or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.
  • the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal via the transceiver (106).
  • the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information/signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory (104).
  • the memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document.
  • the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR).
  • the transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108).
  • the transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
  • the transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit.
  • a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
  • the second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and/or one or more antennas (208).
  • the processor (202) controls the memories (204) and/or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.
  • the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information/signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signals via the transceivers (206).
  • the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information/signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signals in the memory (204).
  • the memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document.
  • the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR).
  • the transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208).
  • the transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
  • the transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit.
  • a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
  • one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202).
  • one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP).
  • One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document.
  • PDUs Protocol Data Units
  • SDUs Service Data Units
  • One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document.
  • One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206).
  • One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.
  • signals e.g., baseband signals
  • One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer.
  • One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • DSPs Digital Signal Processors
  • DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
  • PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
  • FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc.
  • the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202).
  • the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.
  • One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and/or commands.
  • the one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof.
  • the one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and/or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and/or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices.
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices.
  • one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices.
  • one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208).
  • one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc.
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202).
  • one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and/or a filter.
  • FIG. 44 illustrates another example of a wireless device that can be applied to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the difference between the example of the wireless device described in FIG. 43 and the example of the wireless device in FIG. 44 is that in FIG. 43, the processor (102, 202) and the memory (104, 204) are separated, but in the example of FIG. 44, the memory (104, 204) is included in the processor (102, 202).
  • processor 102, 202
  • memory 104, 204
  • transceiver 106, 206
  • antennas 108, 208
  • Figure 45 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal.
  • the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060).
  • the operations/functions of FIG. 45 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and/or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 43.
  • the hardware elements of FIG. 45 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and/or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 43.
  • blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 43.
  • blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 43
  • block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 43.
  • the codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 45.
  • the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block.
  • the information block can include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block).
  • the wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).
  • the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010).
  • the scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc.
  • the scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020).
  • the modulation method may include pi/2-BPSK (pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc.
  • the complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030).
  • the modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding).
  • the output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M.
  • N is the number of antenna ports
  • M is the number of transmission layers.
  • the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols.
  • the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.
  • the resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources.
  • the time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain.
  • the signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna.
  • the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
  • CP Cyclic Prefix
  • DAC Digital-to-Analog Converter
  • the signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 33.
  • a wireless device e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 31
  • the received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer.
  • the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process.
  • a signal processing circuit for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.
  • the interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input/output ports, video input/output ports) for connection with external devices.
  • the input/output unit (140c) can input or output video information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or information input from a user.
  • the input/output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and/or a haptic module.
  • the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server.
  • the autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data.
  • the control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed/direction control).
  • the communication unit (110) can irregularly/periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles.
  • the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information.
  • the autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data/information.
  • the communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server.
  • External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.
  • the vehicle (100) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), an input/output unit (140a), and a position measurement unit (140b).
  • blocks 110 to 130/140a to 140b correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 46, respectively.
  • the communication unit (110) of the vehicle (100) can receive map information, traffic information, etc. from an external server and store them in the memory unit (130).
  • the location measurement unit (140b) can obtain vehicle location information through GPS and various sensors and store the information in the memory unit (130).
  • the control unit (120) can create a virtual object based on the map information, traffic information, and vehicle location information, and the input/output unit (140a) can display the created virtual object on the vehicle window (1410, 1420).
  • the control unit (120) can determine whether the vehicle (100) is being driven normally within the driving line based on the vehicle location information.
  • control unit (120) can display a warning on the vehicle window through the input/output unit (140a). Additionally, the control unit (120) can broadcast a warning message regarding driving abnormalities to surrounding vehicles through the communication unit (110). Depending on the situation, the control unit (120) can transmit vehicle location information and information regarding driving/vehicle abnormalities to relevant authorities through the communication unit (110).
  • the XR device (100a) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), an input/output unit (140a), a sensor unit (140b), and a power supply unit (140c).
  • blocks 110 to 130/140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 46, respectively.
  • the communication unit (130) may download/stream content such as movies and news from another device (e.g., a mobile device (100b)) or a media server to the memory unit (130).
  • the control unit (120) controls and/or performs procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation/processing for content, and can generate/output an XR object based on information about surrounding space or real objects acquired through the input/output unit (140a)/sensor unit (140b).
  • the XR device (100a) is wirelessly connected to the mobile device (100b) through the communication unit (110), and the operation of the XR device (100a) can be controlled by the mobile device (100b).
  • the mobile device (100b) can act as a controller for the XR device (100a).
  • the XR device (100a) can obtain three-dimensional position information of the mobile device (100b), and then generate and output an XR object corresponding to the mobile device (100b).
  • Figure 51 illustrates robots applicable to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Robots may be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, and other categories depending on their intended use or field.
  • the communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., driving information, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers.
  • the control unit (120) can control components of the robot (100) to perform various operations.
  • the memory unit (130) can store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands that support various functions of the robot (100).
  • the input/output unit (140a) can obtain information from the outside of the robot (100) and output information to the outside of the robot (100).
  • the input/output unit (140a) can include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.
  • the sensor unit (140b) can obtain internal information of the robot (100), surrounding environment information, user information, etc.
  • the sensor unit (140b) may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, a radar, etc.
  • the driving unit (140c) may perform various physical operations such as moving the robot joints. In addition, the driving unit (140c) may enable the robot (100) to drive on the ground or fly in the air.
  • the driving unit (140c) may include an actuator, a motor, wheels, brakes, propellers, etc.
  • FIG. 52 illustrates an AI device applicable to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • AI devices can be implemented as fixed or mobile devices, such as TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, laptops, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, and vehicles.
  • fixed or mobile devices such as TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, laptops, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, and vehicles.
  • the AI device (100) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), an input/output unit (140a/140b), a learning processor unit (140c), and a sensor unit (140d).
  • Blocks 110 to 130/140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 46, respectively.
  • the communication unit (110) can transmit and receive wired and wireless signals (e.g., sensor information, user input, learning models, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other AI devices (e.g., FIG. W1, 100x, 200, 400) or AI servers (200) using wired and wireless communication technology.
  • the communication unit (110) can transmit information within the memory unit (130) to the external device or transfer a signal received from the external device to the memory unit (130).
  • the control unit (120) may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device (100) based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. In addition, the control unit (120) may control components of the AI device (100) to perform the determined operation. For example, the control unit (120) may request, search, receive, or utilize data from the learning processor unit (140c) or the memory unit (130), and may control components of the AI device (100) to perform at least one executable operation, a predicted operation, or an operation determined to be desirable.
  • control unit (120) may collect history information including the operation contents of the AI device (100) or user feedback on the operation, and store the collected history information in the memory unit (130) or the learning processor unit (140c), or transmit the collected history information to an external device such as an AI server (FIG. W1, 400).
  • the collected history information may be used to update a learning model.
  • the memory unit (130) can store data that supports various functions of the AI device (100).
  • the memory unit (130) can store data obtained from the input unit (140a), data obtained from the communication unit (110), output data of the learning processor unit (140c), and data obtained from the sensing unit (140).
  • the memory unit (130) can store control information and/or software codes necessary for the operation/execution of the control unit (120).
  • the input unit (140a) can obtain various types of data from the outside of the AI device (100).
  • the input unit (120) can obtain learning data for model learning, input data to which the learning model will be applied, etc.
  • the input unit (140a) may include a camera, a microphone, and/or a user input unit.
  • the output unit (140b) may generate output related to sight, hearing, or touch.
  • the output unit (140b) may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module, etc.
  • the sensing unit (140) can obtain at least one of internal information of the AI device (100), information about the surrounding environment of the AI device (100), and user information using various sensors.
  • the sensing unit (140) may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar, etc.
  • the learning processor unit (140c) can train a model composed of an artificial neural network using learning data.
  • the learning processor unit (140c) can perform AI processing together with the learning processor unit of the AI server ( Figure W1, 400).
  • the learning processor unit (140c) can process information received from an external device via the communication unit (110) and/or information stored in the memory unit (130).
  • the output value of the learning processor unit (140c) can be transmitted to an external device via the communication unit (110) and/or stored in the memory unit (130).
  • the claims described in the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined in various ways.
  • the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method.
  • the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Selon divers modes de réalisation de la présente divulgation, un procédé mis en œuvre par un équipement utilisateur (UE) fonctionnant en mode radio duplex intégral (FDR) dans un système de communication peut comprendre les étapes consistant à : recevoir un message de reconfiguration RRC provenant d'une première station de base (BS) ; transmettre un message de fin de reconfiguration RRC à la première station de base ; sur la base du message de reconfiguration RRC, déterminer si une condition pour effectuer un transfert conditionnel vers une seconde station de base est satisfaite ; et si la condition est satisfaite, transmettre un message de fin de reconfiguration de connexion RRC à la seconde station de base, puis effectuer le transfert conditionnel vers la seconde station de base.
PCT/KR2024/002036 2024-02-13 2024-02-13 Procédé et dispositif pour effectuer un transfert dans un système de communication sans fil Pending WO2025173807A1 (fr)

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US20220369181A1 (en) * 2019-11-07 2022-11-17 Nokia Technologies Oy Conditional handover in a dual connectivity system
US20220394583A1 (en) * 2019-10-01 2022-12-08 Idac Holdings, Inc. Conditional mobility with multi-connectivity
US20230189095A1 (en) * 2020-05-21 2023-06-15 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Re-establishment of communication devices configured with conditional handover and operating in multi-radio dual connectivity
US20230232300A1 (en) * 2020-08-19 2023-07-20 Nokia Technologies Oy Ue fallback from dual-active protocol stack to conditional handover
US20230254739A1 (en) * 2022-02-10 2023-08-10 Lg Electronics Inc. Method and apparatus for performing handover in a wireless communication system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220394583A1 (en) * 2019-10-01 2022-12-08 Idac Holdings, Inc. Conditional mobility with multi-connectivity
US20220369181A1 (en) * 2019-11-07 2022-11-17 Nokia Technologies Oy Conditional handover in a dual connectivity system
US20230189095A1 (en) * 2020-05-21 2023-06-15 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Re-establishment of communication devices configured with conditional handover and operating in multi-radio dual connectivity
US20230232300A1 (en) * 2020-08-19 2023-07-20 Nokia Technologies Oy Ue fallback from dual-active protocol stack to conditional handover
US20230254739A1 (en) * 2022-02-10 2023-08-10 Lg Electronics Inc. Method and apparatus for performing handover in a wireless communication system

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