WO2025172898A1

WO2025172898A1 - Enhancement of beam reporting for beam prediction on the network side

Info

Publication number: WO2025172898A1
Application number: PCT/IB2025/051567
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andrea BONFANTE; Timo Koskela; Amir Mehdi AHMADIAN TEHRANI; Keeth Saliya Jayasinghe LADDU
Original assignee: Nokia Technologies Oy
Current assignee: Nokia Technologies Oy
Priority date: 2024-02-16
Filing date: 2025-02-13
Publication date: 2025-08-21
Anticipated expiration: 2026-08-16
Also published as: GB2638218A

Abstract

An apparatus configured to: receive a CSI reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of RS resources, wherein the set of RS resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of RS resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of RS resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of RS resources to be made between the reporting instances; determine a second periodicity; perform a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of RS resources according to the determined second periodicity; and transmit, according to the first periodicity, a CSI report, wherein the CSI report comprises one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of RS resources.

Description

ENHANCEMENT OF BEAM REPORTING FOR BEAM PREDICTION ON THE NETWORK SIDE

RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] The application claims priority to GB Application No. 2402163.6 filed February 16, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The example and non-limiting embodiments relate generally to beam management and, more particularly, to configuration of channel state information reporting.

BACKGROUND

[0003] It is known, in beam reporting, to report measurements for a configured number of beams.

SUMMARY

[0004] The following summary is merely intended to be illustrative. The summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0005] In accordance with one aspect, an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; determine a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; perform measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and transmit, to the network entity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0006] In accordance with one aspect, a method comprising: receiving, with a user equipment from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; determining a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and transmitting, to the network entity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0007] In accordance with one aspect, an apparatus comprising means for: receiving, from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; determining a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and transmitting, to the network entity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0008] In accordance with one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing receiving, with a user equipment from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; determining a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and causing transmitting, to the network entity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0009] In accordance with one aspect, an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and receive, from the user equipment, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0010] In accordance with one aspect, a method comprising: transmitting, with a base station to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and receiving, from the user equipment, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0011] In accordance with one aspect, an apparatus comprising means for: transmitting, to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and receiving, from the user equipment, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration. [0012] In accordance with one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing transmitting, with a base station to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and causing receiving, from the user equipment, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0013] In accordance with one aspect, an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determine a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; perform a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and transmit, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

[0014] In accordance with one aspect, a method comprising: receiving, with a user equipment from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

[0015] In accordance with one aspect, an apparatus comprising means for: receiving, from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

[0016] In accordance with one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing receiving, from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and causing transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

[0017] In accordance with one aspect, an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; transmit, to the user equipment, reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and receive, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements are temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0018] In accordance with one aspect, a method comprising: transmitting, with a base station to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; transmitting, to the user equipment, reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements are temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0019] In accordance with one aspect, an apparatus comprising means for: transmitting, to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; transmitting, to the user equipment, reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements are temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0020] In accordance with one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing transmitting, to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; causing transmitting, to the user equipment, of reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and causing receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements are temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0021] According to some aspects, there is provided the subject matter of the independent claims. Some further aspects are defined in the dependent claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The foregoing aspects and other features are explained in the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0023] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one possible and non-limiting example system in which the example embodiments may be practiced;

[0024] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0025] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0026] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0027] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0028] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0029] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0030] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating steps as described herein;

[0031] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating steps as described herein;

[0032] FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating steps as described herein; and [0033] FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating steps as described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0034] The following abbreviations that may be found in the specification and/or the drawing figures are defined as follows:

3 GPP third generation partnership project

5G fifth generation

5GC 5G core network

Al artificial intelligence

AMF access and mobility management function

API application programming interface

BM beam management

BWP bandwidth part

CC component carrier

CDF cumulative distribution function

CE control element

OR channel impulse response

CN core network

CNN convolutional neural network

CQI channel quality indicator cRAN cloud radio access network

CRI channel state information reference signal resource indicator

CSI channel state information

CU central unit

DO downlink control information

DL downlink

DP delay profile

DU distributed unit eNB (or eNodeB) evolved Node B (e.g., an LTE base station)

EN-DC E-UTRA-NR dual connectivity en-gNB or En-gNB node providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and acting as secondary node in EN- DC

E-UTRA evolved universal terrestrial radio access, i.e., the LTE radio access technology

EVM evaluation methodology gNB (or gNodeB) base station for 5G/NR, i.e., a node providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and connected via the NG interface to the 5GC

EF interface

KPI key performance indicator

LI layer 1

Ll-RSRP layer 1 reference signal received power

LCM life cycle management

LLS link level simulations

LOS line-of-sight

LTE long term evolution

MAC medium access control

ML machine learning

MME mobility management entity ng or NG new generation ng-eNB or NG-eNB new generation eNB

NLOS non-line-of-sight

NMSE normalized mean square error

NN neural network

NR new radio

N/W or NW network

NZP non-zero power OAM operation, administration and management

0-RAN open radio access network

OTT over-the-top

PBCH physical broadcast channel

PDCP packet data convergence protocol

PHY physical layer

PUCCH physical uplink control channel

PUSCH physical uplink shared channel

RAN radio access network

RF radio frequency

RI rank indicator

RLC radio link control

RNN recurrent neural network

RRC radio resource control

RRH remote radio head

RS reference signal

RSRP reference signal received power

RSRQ reference signal received quality

RSSI received signal strength indicator

RU radio unit

RU resource utilization

Rx receiver

SDAP service data adaptation protocol

SGCS squared generalized cosine similarity

SGW serving gateway

SINR signal to interference plus noise ratio

SLS system level simulations

SMF session management function

SNR signal-to-noise ratio

SS synchronization signal SSB synchronization signal block

SSBRI SS/PBCH block resource indicator

TRP transmission-reception point

Tx transmitter

TxRU transceiver unit

UCI uplink control information

UE user equipment (e.g., a wireless, typically mobile device)

UPF user plane function

VNR virtualized network function

[0035] Turning to FIG. 1 , this figure shows a block diagram of one possible and non-limiting example in which the examples may be practiced. A user equipment (UE) 110, radio access network (RAN) node 170, and network element(s) 190 are illustrated. In the example of FIG. 1, the user equipment (UE) 110 is in wireless communication with a wireless network 100. A UE is a wireless device that can access the wireless network 100. The UE 110 includes one or more processors 120, one or more memories 125, and one or more transceivers 130 interconnected through one or more buses 127. Each of the one or more transceivers 130 includes a receiver, Rx, 132 and a transmitter, Tx, 133. The one or more buses 127 may be address, data, or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, fiber optics or other optical communication equipment, and the like. A “circuit” may include dedicated hardware or hardware in association with software executable thereon. The one or more transceivers 130 are connected to one or more antennas 128. The one or more memories 125 include computer program code 123. The UE 110 includes a module 140, comprising one of or both parts 140-1 and/or 140-2, which may be implemented in a number of ways. The module 140 may be implemented in hardware as module 140-1, such as being implemented as part of the one or more processors 120. The module 140-1 may be implemented also as an integrated circuit or through other hardware such as a programmable gate array. In another example, the module 140 may be implemented as module 140-2, which is implemented as computer program code 123 and is executed by the one or more processors 120. For instance, the one or more memories 125 and the computer program code 123 may be configured to, with the one or more processors 120, cause the user equipment 110 to perform one or more of the operations as described herein. The UE 110 communicates with RAN node 170 via a wireless link 111.

[0036] The RAN node 170 in this example is a base station that provides access by wireless devices such as the UE 110 to the wireless network 100. The RAN node 170 may be, for example, a base station for 5G, also called New Radio (NR). In 5G, the RAN node 170 may be a NG-RAN node, which is defined as either a gNB or a ng-eNB. A gNB is a node providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and connected via the NG interface to a 5GC (such as, for example, the network element(s) 190). The ng-eNB is a node providing E- UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and connected via the NG interface to the 5GC. The NG-RAN node may include multiple gNBs, which may also include a central unit (CU) (gNB-CU) 196 and distributed unit(s) (DUs) (gNB-DUs), of which DU 195 is shown. Note that the DU may include or be coupled to and control a radio unit (RU). The gNB- CU is a logical node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of the gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of the en-gNB that controls the operation of one or more gNB-DUs. The gNB-CU terminates the Fl interface connected with the gNB -DU. The Fl interface is illustrated as reference 198, although reference 198 also illustrates a link between remote elements of the RAN node 170 and centralized elements of the RAN node 170, such as between the gNB-CU 196 and the gNB-DU 195. The gNB-DU is a logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU. One gNB-CU supports one or multiple cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates the Fl interface 198 connected with the gNB-CU. Note that the DU 195 is considered to include the transceiver 160, e.g., as part of a RU, but some examples of this may have the transceiver 160 as part of a separate RU, e.g., under control of and connected to the DU 195. The RAN node 170 may also be an eNB (evolved NodeB) base station, for LTE (long term evolution), or any other suitable base station, access point, access node, or node.

[0037] The RAN node 170 includes one or more processors 152, one or more memories 155, one or more network interfaces (N/W I/F(s)) 161, and one or more transceivers 160 interconnected through one or more buses 157. Each of the one or more transceivers 160 includes a receiver, Rx, 162 and a transmitter, Tx, 163. The one or more transceivers 160 are connected to one or more antennas 158. The one or more memories 155 include computer program code 153. The CU 196 may include the processor(s) 152, memories 155, and network interfaces 161. Note that the DU 195 may also contain its own memory/memories and processor(s), and/or other hardware, but these are not shown.

[0038] The RAN node 170 includes a module 150, comprising one of or both parts 150-1 and/or 150-2, which may be implemented in a number of ways. The module 150 may be implemented in hardware as module 150-1, such as being implemented as part of the one or more processors 152. The module 150-1 may be implemented also as an integrated circuit or through other hardware such as a programmable gate array. In another example, the module 150 may be implemented as module 150-2, which is implemented as computer program code 153 and is executed by the one or more processors 152. For instance, the one or more memories 155 and the computer program code 153 are configured to, with the one or more processors 152, cause the RAN node 170 to perform one or more of the operations as described herein. Note that the functionality of the module 150 may be distributed, such as being distributed between the DU 195 and the CU 196, or be implemented solely in the DU 195.

[0039] The one or more network interfaces 161 communicate over a network such as via the links 176 and 131. Two or more gNBs 170 may communicate using, e.g., link 176. The link 176 may be wired or wireless or both and may implement, for example, an Xn interface for 5G, an X2 interface for LTE, or other suitable interface for other standards.

[0040] The one or more buses 157 may be address, data, or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, fiber optics or other optical communication equipment, wireless channels, and the like. For example, the one or more transceivers 160 may be implemented as a remote radio head (RRH) 195 for LTE or a distributed unit (DU) 195 for gNB implementation for 5G, with the other elements of the RAN node 170 possibly being physically in a different location from the RRH/DU, and the one or more buses 157 could be implemented in part as, for example, fiber optic cable or other suitable network connection to connect the other elements (e.g., a central unit (CU), gNB-CU) of the RAN node 170 to the RRH/DU 195. Reference 198 also indicates those suitable network link(s).

[0041] It is noted that description herein indicates that “cells” perform functions, but it should be clear that equipment which forms the cell will perform the functions. The cell makes up part of a base station. That is, there can be multiple cells per base station. For example, there could be three cells for a single carrier frequency and associated bandwidth, each cell covering one-third of a 360 degree area so that the single base station’s coverage area covers an approximate oval or circle. Furthermore, each cell can correspond to a single carrier and a base station may use multiple carriers. So if there are three 120 degree cells per carrier and two carriers, then the base station has a total of 6 cells.

[0042] The wireless network 100 may include a network element or elements 190 that may include core network functionality, and which provides connectivity via a link or links 181 with a further network, such as a telephone network and/or a data communications network (e.g., the Internet). Such core network functionality for 5G may include access and mobility management function(s) (AMF(s)) and/or user plane functions (UPF(s)) and/or session management function(s) (SMF(s)). Such core network functionality for LTE may include MME (Mobility Management Entity)/SGW (Serving Gateway) functionality. These are merely illustrative functions that may be supported by the network element(s) 190, and note that both 5G and LTE functions might be supported. The RAN node 170 is coupled via a link 131 to a network element 190. The link 131 may be implemented as, e.g., an NG interface for 5G, or an SI interface for LTE, or other suitable interface for other standards. The network element 190 includes one or more processors 175, one or more memories 171, and one or more network interfaces (N/W I/F(s)) 180, interconnected through one or more buses 185. The one or more memories 171 include computer program code 173. The one or more memories 171 and the computer program code 173 are configured to, with the one or more processors 175, cause the network element 190 to perform one or more operations.

[0043] The wireless network 100 may implement network virtualization, which is the process of combining hardware and software network resources and network functionality into a single, software -based administrative entity, a virtual network. Network virtualization involves platform virtualization, often combined with resource virtualization. Network virtualization is categorized as either external, combining many networks, or parts of networks, into a virtual unit, or internal, providing network-like functionality to software containers on a single system. For example, a network may be deployed in a tele cloud, with virtualized network functions (VNF) running on, for example, data center servers. For example, network core functions and/or radio access network(s) (e.g. CloudRAN, O-RAN, edge cloud) may be virtualized. Note that the virtualized entities that result from the network virtualization are still implemented, at some level, using hardware such as processors 152 or 175 and memories 155 and 171, and also such virtualized entities create technical effects.

[0044] It may also be noted that operations of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be carried out by a plurality of cooperating devices (e.g. cRAN).

[0045] The computer readable memories 125, 155, and 171 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory. The computer readable memories 125, 155, and 171 may be means for performing storage functions. The processors 120, 152, and 175 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on a multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The processors 120, 152, and 175 may be means for performing functions, such as controlling the UE 110, RAN node 170, and other functions as described herein.

[0046] In general, the various example embodiments of the user equipment 110 can include, but are not limited to, cellular telephones such as smart phones, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs) having wireless communication capabilities, portable computers having wireless communication capabilities, image capture devices such as digital cameras having wireless communication capabilities, gaming devices having wireless communication capabilities, music storage and playback appliances having wireless communication capabilities, Internet appliances permitting wireless Internet access and browsing, tablets with wireless communication capabilities, as well as portable units or terminals that incorporate combinations of such functions.

[0047] Having thus introduced one suitable but non-limiting technical context for the practice of the example embodiments of the present disclosure, example embodiments will now be described with greater specificity.

[0048] Features as described herein may generally relate to artificial intelligence (Al) and/or machine learning (ML) techniques. An example of an AI/ML model is a neural network. A neural network (NN) is a computation graph consisting of two or more layers of computation. Each layer may consist of one or more units, where each unit may perform an elementary computation. A unit may be connected to one or more other units, and the connection may have a weight associated with it. The weight may be used for scaling the signal passing through the associated connection. Weights may be learnable parameters, i.e., values which can be learned from training data. There may be other learnable parameters, such as those of batch-normalization layers.

[0049] Two of the most widely used architectures for neural networks are feed-forward and recurrent architectures. Feed-forward neural networks do not comprise a feedback loop; each layer takes input from one or more of the previous layers and provides output, which is used as the input for one or more of the subsequent layers. Units within a layer take input from unit(s) in one or more preceding layers, and provide output to unit(s) of one or more following layers.

[0050] Initial layers, i.e. layers close to the input data, extract semantically low-level features from received data, and intermediate and final layers extract more high-level features. After the feature extraction layers there may be one or more layers performing a certain task, such as classification, semantic segmentation, object detection, denoising, style transfer, super-resolution, etc. In recurrent neural networks, there is a feedback loop, so that the network becomes stateful, i.e., it is able to memorize or retain information or a state.

[0051] Neural networks, and other machine learning tools, may be able to learn properties from input data, either in a supervised way or in an unsupervised way. Such learning may be the result of a training algorithm, or of a meta-level neural network providing a training signal. [0052] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may relate to a network-side ML model (e.g. a one-sided NW model); inferences of the model may be performed at/in the network, for example at a base station or another network entity where the model is deployed.

[0053] The RAN #102 meeting approved the Rel-19 WI on AI/ML for NR Air Interface [RP- 234039], based on the AI/ML techniques to NR air interface studied in ES_NR_AIML_Air [TR 38.843]. Eeatures as described herein may generally relate to enhancements related to AI/ML for beam management.

[0054] Some of the objectives related to AI/ML for beam management are as follows:

“...Objectives in RP-234039

Provide specification support for the following aspects:

AI/ML general framework for one-sided AI/ML models within the realm of what has been studied in the ES_NR_AIML_Air project [RAN2]:

Signalling and protocol aspects of Life Cycle Management (LCM) enabling functionality and model (if justified) selection, activation, deactivation, switching, fallback

Identification related signalling is part of the above objective

Necessary signalling/mechanism(s) for LCM to facilitate model training, inference, performance monitoring, data collection (except for the purpose of CN/OAM/OTT collection of UE-sided model training data) for both UE-sided and NW-sided models

Signalling mechanism of applicable functionalities/models

Beam management - DL Tx beam prediction for both UE-sided model and NW- sided model, encompassing [RAN1/RAN2]: Spatial-domain DL Tx beam prediction for Set A of beams based on measurement results of Set B of beams (“BM-Casel”)

Temporal DL Tx beam prediction for Set A of beams based on the historic measurement results of Set B of beams (“BM-Case2”)

Specify necessary signalling/mechanism(s) to facilitate LCM operations specific to the Beam Management use cases, if any

Enabling method(s) to ensure consistency between training and inference regarding NW-side additional conditions (if identified) for inference at UE

NOTE: Strive for common framework design to support both BM-Casel and BM-Case2

Study objectives with corresponding checkpoints in RAN# 105 (Sept ’24):

Necessity and details of model Identification concept and procedure in the context of LCM [RAN2/RAN1]

CN/OAM/OTT collection of UE-sided model training data [RAN2/RAN 1 ] :

For the FS_NR_AIML_Air study use cases, identify the corresponding contents of UE data collection

Analyse the UE data collection mechanisms identified during the FS_NR_AIML_Air (TR 38.843 section 7.2.1.3.2) study along with the implications and limitations of each of the methods

Model transfer/delivery [RAN2/RAN1]: Determine whether there is a need to consider standardised solutions for transferring/delivering AI/ML model(s) considering at least the solutions identified during the FS_NR_AIML_Air study

NOTE: offline training is assumed for the purpose of this project.

NOTE: the outcome of the study objectives should be captured in TR 38.843 for future reference.

NOTE: Coordination with SA/SA WGs of the ongoing study/work as it may relate to their required work...”

[0055] For AI/ML enhancements related to beam management, RAN 1 recommends at least the following for normative work (Rl-2309619):

[0056] - Both BM-Casel and BM-Case2. BM-Casel: Spatial-domain DL beam prediction for set A of beams based on measurement results of set B of beams. BM-Case2: Temporal DL beam prediction for set A of beams based on the historic measurement results of set B of beams.

[0057] - DL Tx beam prediction for both UE-sided model and NW-sided model

[0058] - Necessary signaling/mechanism(s) to facilitate data collection, model inference, and performance monitoring for both UE-sided model and NW-sided model.

[0059] - Signaling/mechanism(s) to facilitate necessary LCM operations via 3GPP signaling for UE-sided model.

[0060] 3 GPP has recently concluded Release 18, which studied support for a new AI/ML- enabled radio interface for the next cellular systems (see TR 38.843). In TR 38.843 Clause 7.1.3, there are many agreements related to the AI/ML for beam management (BM) and a few related agreements are reproduced below: “...Model Inference related:

In order to facilitate the AI/ML model inference:

Enhanced or new configurations/UE reporting/UE measurement, e.g., enhanced or new beam measurement and/or beam reporting

Enhanced or new signalling for measurement configuration/triggering

Signalling of assistance information (if applicable)

For BM-Casel and BM-Case2 with a UE-side AI/ML model:

Indication of the associated Set A from network to UE, e.g., association/mapping of beams within Set A and beams within Set B if applicable

Beam indication from network for UE reception, which may or may not have additional specification impact (e.g., legacy mechanism may be reused), particularly: how to perform beam indication of beams in Set A not in Set B. Note: also applicable to NW-side AI/ML model. Note: At least for BM-Casel with a UE-side AI/ML model, the legacy TCI state mechanism can be used to perform beam indication of beams

Note: For DL beam pair prediction, there is no consensus to support the reporting of the predicted Rx beam(s) (e.g., Rx beam ID, Rx beam angle information, etc) from the UE to the network.

Predicted Ll-RSRP(s) corresponding to the DL Tx beam(s) or beam pair(s)

Whether/how to differentiate predicted Ll-RSRP and measured Ll-RSRP

Confidence/probability information related to the output of AI/ML model inference (e.g., predicted beams) For BM-Casel and BM-Case2 with a NW-side AI/ML model:

LI beam reporting enhancement for AI/ML model inference:

UE to report the measurement results of more than 4 beams in one reporting instance

Other LI reporting enhancements can be considered

For BM-Casel with a UE-side AI/ML model:

L 1 signalling to report the following information of AI/ML model inference to NW :

The beam(s) that is based on the output of AI/ML model inference.

For BM-Case2 with a UE-side AI/ML model:

The beam(s) of N future time instance(s) that is based on the output of AI/ML model inference.

Information about the timestamp corresponding the reported beam(s).

For BM-Case 2:

Reporting information about measurements of multiple past time instances in one reporting instance. Notes: Only applicable to NW-side AI/ML model. The potential performance gains of measurement reporting should be justified by considering UCI pay load overhead...”

[0061] Currently, a beam reporting instance can only support up to 4 Tx beams associated with L1-RSRP/L1-SINR metrics. As part of the LI beam reporting enhancement for AI/ML model inference, it is indicated that the UE may report the measurement results of more than 4 beams in a reporting instance. In addition, for BM case 2, reporting information on measurements from more than one past time instance may be included in one reporting instance. This applies to the NW-side AI/ML model; the potential performance gains of measurement reporting may be justified by considering the uplink control information (UCI) payload overhead.

[0062] In example embodiments of the present disclosure, measurements included in a CSI report may be used as input to a network-side ML model, or may be used to generate input for the network-side ML model. The input to the model may be at least partially based on the CSI reporting configuration. For example, if there are beams missing from the set of beams to be used for input to the model, substitutions may be made for the beams for which measurements were not reported. The order and/or arrangement of input to the NW-side ML model may be specified. The input to the network-side ML model may be used for beam prediction, or for training of the model.

[0063] In another example embodiment, the NW may use measurements included in a CSI report for determining performance monitoring, for example in addition to the beam prediction obtained with network-side ML model. To calculate the performance metric(s), NW may have multiple alternatives including:

[0064] - The NW may determine the KPIs related to the beam prediction accuracy.

[0065] - For determining the beam prediction accuracy related KPIs, the NW may compare the predicted top-K beam IDs determined during inference with the top- 1 beam ID reported during performance monitoring.

[0066] - For determining “Ll-RSRP difference”, the NW may refer to the KPI definition contained in clause 6.3.1 of TR 38.843. The NW may compute the difference between the ideal Ll-RSRP of the top-1 predicted beam and the ideal Ll-RSRP of the top-1 genie-aided beam. This metric may be calculated if the UE reports the measured LI RSRP of the top-1 predicted beam, which may be configured to be measured and reported, or may be indicated to be measured and reported as part of the CSI report.

[0067] - When network-side AI/ML model output is the predicted RSRP, the NW may determine the Ll-RSRP difference predicted. To determine the “Ll-RSRP difference predicted”, the NW may refer to the KPI definition contained in clause 6.3.1 of TR 38.843. The NW may compares the top-1 predicted RSRP and corresponding beam ID (e.g. determined during inference) with the measured RSRP corresponding to the same beam ID (e.g. reported during performance monitoring). This metric may be calculated if the UE reports the ideal LI RSRP of the top-1 predicted beam, which may be configured to be measured and reported, or may be indicated to be measured and reported as part of the Set A beams.

[0068] Legacy beam management procedures (P1,P2,P3) require the time-consuming operation of sweeping all the Tx and Rx beams by configuring the UE with a large number of SSB/CSLRSs measurements. The Rel-18 study item description relates to AEML-assisted beam management for overhead savings and latency reduction. Key sub-use cases for further study include BM-Casel (Spatial Beam Prediction) (330) and BM-Case2 (Time Beam Prediction) (360). Lor each sub-use case, the optimization targets include: DL Tx beam prediction (P1/P2 joint optimization); and DL Tx-Rx beam pair prediction (P1/P2/P3 joint optimization). With respect to this study item description, performance targets and KPIs include: beam prediction accuracy related KPIs (e.g. prediction accuracy, RSRP difference); and system performance related KPIs (e.g. UE throughput, control signal overhead, and power consumption).

[0069] Eeatures as described herein may relate to the channel state information (CSI) beam reporting framework, configuration, layer 1 reference signal received power (LI -RSRP) reporting, and UCI bit sequence generation. See, for example, TS 38.306, TR 38.831, TS 38.214, and TS 38.212):

[0070] - CSI reporting framework capability (TS 38.306 clause 4.2.7): This clause describes the capability of the UE to support CSI reporting. It includes parameters defining the maximum number of periodic/aperiodic CSI reports that can be configured per component carrier (CC), per bandwidth part (BWP), and per beam. Moreover, it specifies the concurrent CSI reports per CC that the UE can measure and process, including periodic, semi-persistent and aperiodic CSI, including beam reports. [0071] - CSI report configuration (TR 38.831): Describes the configuration parameters used to set up periodic, aperiodic or semi-persistent CSI reports sent on the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for a particular cell or triggered by downlink control information (DCI). It includes fields such as report quantity, frequency domain configuration, time domain behavior and channel measurement resource allocation that affect how the UE perform reports based on different configurations.

[0072] - LI RSRP reporting (TS 38.214, clause 5.2.1): This clause defines how the UE calculates and reports LI -RSRP. It covers configurations involving channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources, synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block resources or both, detailing limitations on the number of CSI-RS resource sets and resources within those sets. It also explains how LI -RSRP is quantized and reported based on different scenarios, considering group-based reporting, differential reporting, and channel measurement timing with respect to SS/PBCH or non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS.

[0073] - UCI bit sequence generation (TS 38.212, clauses 6.3.1.1 and 6.3.2.1): This clause deals with the generation of UCI bit sequences for uplink transmission. It defines the specific order or mapping of CSI fields within a report for different reporting scenarios such as CRI/RSRP, SS/PBCH block resource indicator (SSBRI)/RSRP or capability index reporting. It provides details on the structure of the CSI reports, including CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), RSRP and capability index, for transmission within the UCI.

[0074] Lor the ML enabled beam prediction cases of BM-Casel and BM-Case2, the Rel-18 AI/ML Study Item (SI) considered both options with a UE-side model and a NW-side model. With the NW-side model, the UE receives, from the NW, a CSI reporting configuration containing the indication for reporting the measurements of the set of reference signal (RS) resources (NZP-CSI- RS resources or synchronization signal block (SSB) resources). Based on the received reporting configuration, the UE may perform CRI/RSRP or SSBRI/RSRP reporting, including the measurements of the N downlink beams with the (N-best) received power measured on the RS resources specified in the channel measurement configuration. The UE shall report the number (N) of measured RS resources per report instance, where N<N_max. N_max depends on the UE capability. N may refer to a number of measurements of RSs that are part of the CSI report, plus measurements of RSs that are not part of the CSI report. N_max may refer to a maximum number of measurements of RS resources a UE is capable of reporting in a single CSI report. N_max may be reported by the UE in the capability message, while N may be configured by the NW.

[0075] The Rel-18 AI/ML SI considered increasing the value of N_max beyond 4 beams, thus allowing the reporting of most of the set B beam measurements to be used as input to the model at the NW side. If the set of RS resources configured for channel measurements (and associated with set B beams) is greater than N_max, the UE reports the N best received beams, and the remaining beams are omitted from the report. In the case where N_max is intended to be > 4, the Rel- 18 AI/ML SI has shown that doubling the number of beams reported may be sufficient to achieve a high prediction accuracy.

[0076] However, the NW configures the number of beams per reporting instance (i.e. N) and the UE is required to report N beams based on the implementation (i.e. the UE is not mandated to report specific beams/RS to network from the configured set of reference signals). Thus, in some cases the UE may not report the correct beams for the model to work (e.g. beams of set B). There is no configuration that instructs the UE to report beams based on a fixed rule. This mode of operation may not be sufficient for an AI/ML model that requires a fixed pattern of beams to be used as input to the model (e.g. beams of set B). Also, the UE may report beams that are not relevant to, or desired for, the ML model input, adding unnecessary overhead to the UCI.

[0077] In addition, the Rel- 18 AI/ML SI highlighted the need to extend reporting to include multiple time instances of measurements in each reporting instance to facilitate the use of time domain beam prediction models at the NW side. The inclusion of time stamp information in the reporting message was also proposed during Rel-18 AI/ML SI. However, this may not be the best solution due to the additional UCI overhead. A new reporting configuration may be required to configure multiple measurements at the UE side. However, the current standard lacks such flexibility of reporting configuration. [0078] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may relate to ML-based beam management for spatial/temporal domain beam prediction.

[0079] In an example embodiment, the current CSI reporting framework configuration may be extended to enable beam prediction at the NW side. For example, the RS resources included in the report, when N_max is not sufficient to report all measurements associated with set B beams, may be configured. Additionally or alternatively, a secondary periodicity of RS resources, for reporting measurements of multiple past time instances in one reporting instance, may be configured. In an example embodiment, CSI reporting may be dynamically configured by the NW.

[0080] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may relate to beam prediction at the NW (e.g. with a network-side model), where the NW may use measurements reported by the UE for the input of/to the ML model, and the ML model output may provide the best (predicted) beams to be used by the UE. A technical effect of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be to enhance the CSI reporting framework so it can be adopted for reporting the beam measurements to be used for NW-side beam prediction ML models.

[0081] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may relate to beam prediction for both/either of BM-Casel or BM-Case2.

[0082] In an example embodiment, the NW may determine a CSI reporting configuration towards a UE, for example based on the capability message received from the UE and any other signal quality indicator. The UE may receive, from the NW, the CSI reporting configuration containing an indication(s) for reporting the measurements of the set of RS resources (NZP-CSI- RS resources and/or SSB resources). Based on the received CSI reporting configuration, the UE may perform reporting.

[0083] In an example embodiment, the UE may include in the report the measurements of the RS resources as per the settings configured with the first ML measurements group parameter, which may be a new parameter added to the CSI reporting configuration. The first ML measurements group parameter may be configured to the UE with a bitmap (e.g. bit field), a resource group ID, or a grouping parameter ID indicating the applicable beams for the CSI report.

[0084] In an example embodiment, the CSI reporting configuration may include an indication of a set of beams that are configured to be used as input to the NW-side model, or are configured to be used to generate input to the NW-side model. Multiple such indications may be included in the configuration The UE may be configured to perform measurements for these beams. It may be noted that measurements may not be required for all of these beams; the NW- side model may be able to operate using a subset of these beams. The CSI reporting configuration may further include an indication of the subset of the beams that are to be reported to the NW. In the present disclosure, “set A” refers to beams that are part of a prediction set. In the present disclosure, “set B” refers to beams that the UE is configured to measure. The term “reported set of reference signal resources” may be used interchangeably with “set B”. In the present disclosure, “set C” refers to the beams that are required to be reported. In one example, Set C is a subset of Set B, and Set B is a subset of set A. In another example, Set C is a subset of Set B, and Set A and Set B are different (e.g. Set B is not a subset of Set A). In an example embodiment, the CSI reporting configuration may include an indication of set B as well as one or more indications of possible set Cs (e.g. multiple measurement group parameters).

[0085] Each bit in the field indicated by the first ML measurements group parameter may represent one RS resource associated to one downlink beam. The most significant bit may represent the first RS resource, and the least-significant bit may represent the last RS resource. When the first ML measurements group parameter has a bit set to “1”, the bit may indicate that the RS resource, in the configured RS resources set, may be reported by the UE; otherwise, a bit set to “0” may indicate that the RS resource may not be reported.

[0086] The UE may check, one by one, the bitmap indicated in the first ML measurements group parameters and determine the first ML measurements group set. A first ML measurements group set may be a subset of RS resources configured for channel measurements, and therefore may be a subset of set B beams. The RS resources not included in the first ML measurements group set may constitute a second ML measurements group set, or may belong to the configured RS resources set to be measured but not included in the configured RS resources set to be reported

[0087] In an example embodiment, the UE may include in the report the measurements of the N1 downlink beams with the Nl-best received power corresponding to the subset of RS resources indicated in the first ML measurements group parameter. When the number of RS resources indicated in first ML measurements group parameter is less than N (N1<N), the UE may fill the remaining CSI fields with the other downlink beams having the best received power among those RS resources belonging to, for example, the second ML measurements group set.

[0088] Referring now to EIG. 2, illustrated is an example of ML measurements group configurations for beam patterns for an example 4x8 codebook, with the filled circles indicating the 16 set B beams (220) out of the 32 set A beams of the total codebook (210+220). In the example of EIG. 2, the UE may be configured to include in the report the measurements of the RS resources corresponding to the beams associated with the first ML measurement group (230).

[0089] In one example, the NW may consider it necessary for the UE to report at least the first ML measurement group measurements having different beam directions characteristics, for example with varying azimuth and/or elevation angles, as the NW-side ML model for beam prediction may require inputting such a diversity of beam measurements directions to function properly (i.e. diversity may have the technical effect of improving the operation of the model). In the present disclosure, “diversity” may refer to having a plurality of beam azimuths, beam elevation angles, beam directions, reference nodes corresponding to beams, antenna ports of beams, and/or spatial characteristics of beams.

[0090] TABLE 1 shows an example of order and mapping of fields in a CSI report when the ML measurements group reporting configuration is used/enabled. The CSI fields CRI or SSBRI related to the N1 beams of the 1st ML measurements group may be added to the upper part of the report, followed be the CSI fields CRI or SSBRI related to the N2 beams of the 2nd ML measurements group, etc. The same order may be replicated in the lower part of the report for the (absolute value of) RSRP and differential RSRP quantities.

TABLE 1 [0091] In another example embodiment, the UE may receive a report request (see, e.g., 640 of FIG. 6) indicating to report at least one of the ML measurements group from a list of ML measurement groups (first ML measurements Group, second ML measurements group, etc.) defined in the CSI reporting configuration. In other words, the UE may be indicated to activate one or more previously configured ML measurement group parameters, and so report measurements for the associated set(s) of RS resources. Any number of ML measurement group parameters and/or ML measurement group sets may be defined in/with the CSI reporting configuration. The settings configured with one of the ML measurements group parameters may be activated dynamically, depending on previous reporting measurements, performance monitoring results, any events triggered based on NW model results, one or more conditions of the user equipment, an event related to fallback to a legacy beam management operation, LCM operations related to selection/activation/deactivation/switching of a NW-side model, an event related to NW side model training/inference/data collection operations, a diversity requirement related to the NW-side ML model, etc.

[0092] One of a plurality of ML measurement groups may be activated by the network in various ways. For example, an index may be assigned to each ML measurement group indicated in the CSI reporting configuration, and dynamic signaling, or a report request, may include an index of one of the ML measurements groups. Alternatively, an identifier may be associated with each of the ML measurement groups, and the signaling or report request may include an identifier of one of the ML measurement groups. The CSI reporting configuration may statically configure the plurality of ML measurement groups, and the CSI report indication may dynamically select one of the plurality of ML measurement groups for activation. The CSI reporting indication may include a ML measurement group parameter, such as a bitmap, indicating one of the configured ML measurement groups.

[0093] Referring now to FIG. 3, illustrated is an example of ML measurements group configurations for beam patterns for an example 4x8 codebook, with the filled circles indicating the 16 set B beams (320) out of the 32 set A beams of the total codebook (310+320). In the example of FIG. 3, the NW may configure four different ML measurement groups (330, 340, 350, 360) containing (at least some) set B beams (320) depending on the row of the codebook (e.g. grouping set B beams according to some beam directions characteristics, such as azimuth or elevation angles). In such a case, one of the ML measurement groups may be activated according to the UE's previous report. For example, the UE may be assigned to report according to the first ML measurement group (330) if its previous report indicated that its strongest N beams were associated with the beam direction having common azimuth or elevation angles.

[0094] It may be noted that the UE may only be configured to report measurements for the beams in set B (320), not for the beams that are in set A but not in Set B (310). In the example of FIG. 3, the ML measurement groups include only the beams in set B (320) that are also in the dotted line box used to indicate the ML measurement group set; the beams indicated with white circles (310) are not considered part of any of the ML measurement group sets.

[0095] In another example embodiment, the UE may be configured with one or more ML measurement groups, for example via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. For example, each measurement group parameter may be configured with one or more CSI resource configuration(s), or as part of the CSI-resource configuration. Each measurement group may comprise of one or more RS for ML measurements (e.g. up to N_max). The UE may be configured to report measurements on the RS of the configured ML measurement group (or groups in some cases) based on control signaling (such as MAC CE/DCI). In other words, the UE may receive an indication of which one or more RS, for one or more ML measurement group sets, are activated for reporting. The control signaling may be considered dynamic signaling/activation. The control signaling may indicate which one or more RS for one or more ML measurement group(s) are activated for reporting. The control signaling may be a bitmap. In one example, the activated ML measurement group may be referred to as “first ML measurement group”.

[0096] Referring now to FIG. 4, illustrated is an example of ML measurements group configurations for beam patterns for an example 4x8 codebook, with the filled circles indicating the 16 set B beams (420) out of the 32 set A beams of the total codebook (410+420). In the example of FIG. 4, the NW may configure the first ML measurement group at time instant T1 to include some of the set B beams (420) associated with the directions in the left side of the codebook (430), and may configures the first ML measurement group at time instant T2 to include some of the set B beams (420) associated with the directions in the right side of the codebook (430). The NW may dynamically change the UE configuration from T1 (430) to T2 (440) depending on UE conditions or depending on the beam prediction ML model performance corresponding to the UE.

[0097] In the example of FIG. 4, a request to switch between the first ML measurement group at T1 (430) and the first ML measurement group at T2 (440) may be received between times T1 and T2. Such a request for activation/deactivation of RS resources, or reported RS resources sets that would allow the switching, may be transmitted via a MAC CE or a DCI.

[0098] When comparing the example embodiments illustrated in FIGs. 3 and 4, it may be noted that in FIG. 3 one or more measurement groups may be activated with control signaling, while in FIG. 4 one or more reference signal resources within a measurement group may be activated with control signaling. Multiple control messages may enable activation/deactivation of set(s) of RS resources selected to be reported, or RS(s) for one or more set(s) of RS resources selected to be reported. Such control signaling may therefore enable switching between RS resources/set(s) of RS resources

[0099] In the present disclosure, the terms “ML measurement(s) group”, “ML measurement(s) group parameter”, “indication of a measurement group”, and “indication of a reported set of reference signal resources” may be used interchangeably to refer to a parameter used to indicate a subset of beams for which measurements are required to be reported to the NW.

[0100] In the present disclosure, the terms “ML measurement(s) group”, “ML measurement(s) group set”, “ML measurement(s) group configuration”, “measurement group”, “plurality of target reference signals”, “reported set of reference signal resources”, and “set C” may be used interchangeably to refer to the beams for which measurements need to be reported for (generating) input to the NW-side model for beam prediction.

[0101] In another example embodiment, the UE may include in the report the measurements of the RS resources as per report settings configured with a CSI report secondary periodicity, which may be a new field added to the CSI reporting configuration. [0102] The UE may be required to perform measurements for the set of RS resources configured for channel measurements (CSI-RS and/or SSB resources) based on the periodicity T_CSI_secondary configured with the CSI report secondary periodicity parameter, and the UE may report based on the periodicity T_CSI, an existing parameter indicating the report slot configuration.

[0103] The UE may be required to report in a single reporting instance multiple measurements K accumulated over the period indicated by the periodicity T_CSI, wherein K= [T_CSI/T_CSI_secondary] may be the integer value that represents the number of measurements instances between two CSI report instances. The UE may perform K measurements of each RS resource, with periodicity T_CSI_secondary, and include them periodically every T_CSI in the report. Alternatively, the UE may be configured with the number of measurements instances K, and may derive the CSI report secondary periodicity T_CSI_secondary.

[0104] In an example, if set B includes reference signals 1, 2, and 3, and the secondary periodicity is x, RS 1 may be measured every x ms, RS 2 may be measured every x ms, and RS 3 may be measured every x ms.

[0105] In an example, if set B includes reference signals 1, 2, and 3, and K = 4, each of 1, 2, and 3 may be measured 4 times between reporting instances.

[0106] In an example embodiment, while the UE may be configured to perform K periodic measurements of a given RS resource, the UE may be configured to report fewer than K of the measurements. For example, the CSI reporting configuration may include a parameter Mt that indicates how many of the K measurements are to be reported, where Mt<K. For example, the NW may configure the UE to only report the first Mt of the periodic measurements of the configured RS resources. Additionally or alternatively, the NW may use dynamic signaling to indicate to the UE that a limited number Mt of the periodic measurements are to be reported in each CSI report. The Mt parameter may be changed, or assigned different values, based on dynamic signaling. The parameter Mt may be based on the network-side model, which may prefer measurements to be made according to the used observation window, which may not require all K measurements for input, but only the Mt measurements related to the observation instances.

[0107] Referring now to FIG. 7, illustrated is an example of RS resource measurement reporting based on a first periodicity (710), a second periodicity (720), and a second number measurements to be reported (730). In the example of FIG. 7, the first periodicity (710) may determine the frequency with which CSI reports are transmitted, and the second periodicity (720) may determine how often the RS resources are measured between the reporting instances. In the example of FIG. 7, three time instances are used for prediction according to the second number measurements to be reported (730). Accordingly, in the example of FIG. 7, at the time instance for reporting (740), five RS resources may be measured between two CSI reports, but according to the second number measurements to be reported (730), only three measurements may be reported.

[0108] Referring now to FIG. 5, illustrated is an example of reporting measurements of the RS resources as per the settings configured with CSI report secondary periodicity. The UE may be configured with two different CSI reporting periodicity parameters - one for the CSI reporting periodicity (510) and another for the secondary CSI reporting periodicity (520), which may detail the number of measurements between two different reporting instances (540).

[0109] The UE may be configured to measure (540) the RS resources reported in the channel measurements at a lower T_CSI_secondary (520) periodicity, for example every 10 ms. The UE may also be configured to generate and transmit (530) a periodic feedback CSI report at a higher periodicity T_CSI (510), for example every 40 ms. These periodic reports (530) may capture the beam at regular intervals for multiple time instances (540). The NW may use this CSI report to use/configure its ML model with an observation window of length K=4 (e.g. in BM-Case2), which may be filled with the measurements contained in the report.

[0110] An example of the ordering and mapping of the fields with the secondary periodicity configuration of the CSI report is given in TABLE 2. The CSI fields CRI or SSBRI related to the N beams of the 1st CSI report secondary period may be added at the top of the report, followed by the CSI fields CRI or SSBRI related to the N beams of the 2nd CSI report secondary period, etc., until the CSI fields CRI or SSBRI related to the N beams of the Kth CSI report secondary period. The same order may be repeated in the lower part of the report for the (absolute value of) RSRP and differential RSRP quantities.

TABLE 2

[0111] In the present disclosure, the terms “CSI report secondary periodicity”, “CSI report secondary periodicity parameter”, “secondary periodicity”, “secondary periodicity parameter”, “measurement periodicity”, “measurement periodicity parameter”, or “measurement periodicity within the observation window” may be used interchangeably to refer to an indication of a frequency with which measurements of reference signal resources associated with beams are to be performed.

[0112] In legacy standardization, when the first ML measurements group parameter is not configured, the NW may map the RSRP measurements of N downlink beams received in the report to the set B beams measurements according to the CRI or SSBRI information contained in the CSI report. The NW may map the non-reported RSRP measurements to an arbitrary number, for example 0 or any other placeholder number used for indicating the non-reported RS resources.

[0113] In an example embodiment, when the first ML measurements group parameter is configured, the NW may map the measurements of the N 1 downlink beams included in the report according to the bitmap indicated in the first ML measurements group field. The NW may map the measurements of the downlink beams not included in the report to some arbitrary number, for example 0 or any placeholder number used for indicating the non-reported RS resources.

[0114] In an example embodiment, the NW may consider an input dimension corresponding to the size of the Set B beams when mapping measurements for input to the NW sided model. Training of the model may be done before using the model for inference. Once the model is trained, the input dimension should remain the same in the interference.

[0115] In an example embodiment, when the CSI report contains less than all the measurements related to Set B, the NW may configure to report some RS resources to the NW sided model. The NW may map the measurements of the Set B beams not included in the report to some arbitrary number, for example 0 or any placeholder number used for indicating the nonreported RS resources belonging to Set B.

[0116] In an example embodiment, when the CSI report secondary periodicity is configured, the NW may map the K measurements of each downlink beam included in the report to the latest K measurement instances with a periodicity T_CSI_secondary, counting from the last CSI report received T_CSI slots before. A technical effect of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be to reduce or eliminate the need for time stamps in the CSI report, which may result in preventing additional reporting overhead.

[0117] Referring now to FIG. 6, illustrated is an example of a signaling diagram for CSI measurement and reporting according to example embodiment(s) of the present disclosure. At 610, the UE may transmit, to the gNB, an indication of UE reporting capabilities. The NW may receive from the UE a CSI report framework capability. The capability message may include a parameter indicating the maximum number (N_max) of measured RS resources that may be reported per report instance. N_max may be more than 4.

[0118] The NW may comprise, at least, a NW-side model that may be configured to perform AI/ML beam prediction.

[0119] At 620, Depending on the UE capability message received, the NW may determine a CSI reporting configuration. The NW may determine a reporting configuration based on the received UE capability parameters and/or based on the set of configured RS resources for channel measurements (e.g. set B beams, measurements for which may be used as model input at the NW side).

[0120] If the network-side model is changed, the NW may determine a CSI reporting configuration based on the change(s) to the network-side model.

[0121] At 630, the gNB may transmit, to the UE, the CSI report configuration for AI/ML beam prediction. The UE may receive from the NW a CSI reporting configuration containing one or more indications for reporting measurements of the set of RS resources (NZP-CSI-RS resources and/or SSB resources). The CSI reporting configuration may further include new fields such as a ML measurements group parameter corresponding to RS resources, and/or a CSI report secondary periodicity, if configured.

[0122] At 640, the gNB may transmit, to the UE, a CSI report request. The UE may receive, from the NW, a CSI reporting request. The CSI reporting configuration received at Step 3/630 may be activated/applied by this CSI reporting request.

[0123] The CSI report request may be optional. For example, if the UE is configured with periodic CSI reporting, transmission of a CSI report request may be unnecessary. However, if the UE is configured with aperiodic or semi-persistent CSI reporting, the CSI report request may be transmitted by the NW to the UE. [0124] The CSI report request may include an indication/selection of a ML measurement group parameter, or an activation of a ML measurement group parameter. Additionally or alternatively, the CSI report request may include a dynamic configuration of the CSI report.

[0125] If the network-side model changes, the UE may be reconfigured with a different CSI reporting configuration, or different parameters of a previously transmitted CSI reporting configuration may be activated/selected using dynamic signaling.

[0126] While not illustrated in FIG. 6, it may be possible for the UE to indicate to activate the CSI report to be transmitted, for example in response to changing conditions. For example, the UE may notify the NW that different parameters of a CSI reporting configuration will be activated because it may not be possible to generate and/or transmit a CSI report based on the parameters selected by the NW.

[0127] At 650, based on the reporting configuration received, the UE may perform reporting. The UE may determine what should be included in the CSI report for AI/ML beam prediction, and may generate such a report. For example, the UE may determine that a CSI report may include measurements associated with at least one ML measurement group set. In other words, the contents of the CSI report may be determined based on a configured and/or activated ML measurement group. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may determine that a CSI report may include measurements made according to a CSI report secondary periodicity.

[0128] The UE may perform measurements for the configured set of RS resources (e.g. set B). Alternatively, the UE may perform measurements only for the set of RS resources that are configured to be reported, for example the RS resources indicated with an ML measurement group parameter (e.g. set C, or ML measurement group set).

[0129] In an example embodiment, there may be optimization of the UE implementation such that the UE may only measure the set of RS resources that are to be reported, for example if the CSI report is configured with only reported RS resources. Alternatively, the UE may measure more RS resources than are included in the set of RS resources that are to be reported. For example, the UE may measure all configured RS resources, or a subset of the configured RS resources. [0130] Measurements included in the CSI report may include, for example, reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements for reference signals associated with the ML measurement group set. Other measurements may be reported in the same way as RSRP. For example, measurements may include, but are not limited to, channel quality indicator (CQI), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), etc.

[0131] At 660, the UE may transmit the CSI report for AI/ML beam prediction to the gNB. The NW, when receiving the CSI report from UE, may interpret the report based on whether the first ML measurement group parameter is configured and/or based on whether the CSI report secondary periodicity is configured.

[0132] A technical effect of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be to reuse legacy CSI reporting configuration(s) and CSI reporting message(s) to enhance the CSI reporting framework so that it may be adopted to support NW side AI/ML based beam prediction applicable to both BM-Casel and BM-Case2.

[0133] A technical effect of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be to provide some rules to the UE when measuring the RS resources corresponding to the downlink beams and, as a result, the reported measurements may be better adapted to be used as input data for the AI/ML model deployed at the BS.

[0134] FIG. 8 illustrates the potential steps of an example method 800. The example method 800 may include: receiving, from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported, 810; determining a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration, 820; performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources, 830; and transmitting, to the network entity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises, at least, measurements for the plurality of reported reference signal resources, 840. The example method 800 may be performed, for example, with a UE.

[0135] FIG. 9 illustrates the potential steps of an example method 900. The example method 900 may include: transmitting, to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported, 910; and receiving, from the user equipment, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration, 920. The example method 900 may be performed, for example, with a NW, a NW entity, a base station, a gNB, etc.

[0136] FIG. 10 illustrates the potential steps of an example method 1000. The example method 1000 may include: receiving, from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances, 1010; determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration, 1020; performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity, 1030; and transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, 1040. The example method 1000 may be performed, for example, with a UE.

[0137] FIG. 11 illustrates the potential steps of an example method 1100. The example method 1100 may include: transmitting, to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances, 1110; transmitting, to the user equipment, reference signals with the set of reference signal resources, 1120; and receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements are temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity, 1130. The example method 1100 may be performed, for example, with a NW, a NW entity, a base station, a gNB, etc.

[0138] It may be noted that the NW may periodically transmit RS resources for the set of RS resources configured to be measured at the UE. For each RS resource in the set, the NW may use a different Tx beam for the transmission. The time interval between two consecutive transmissions of the same RS resource (e.g. corresponding to the transmission using the same Tx beam) may correspond to the second periodicity.

[0139] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; determine a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; perform measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and transmit, to the network entity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources. [0140] The at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one machine learning measurement group of reference signal resources associated with a networkside machine learning model.

[0141] Respective ones of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise one or more reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources.

[0142] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise a plurality of indications of subsets of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported, wherein determining the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise the example apparatus being further configured to: determine one of the plurality of indicated subsets of reference signal resources, wherein the plurality of reference signal resources may be associated with the determined subset of reference signal resources.

[0143] Respective ones of the at least one indication of the subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: a bitmap, a resource group identifier, or a grouping parameter identifier, wherein the respective ones of the at least one indication of the subset of reference signal resources may be configured to indicate whether or not measurements for respective ones of the set of reference signal resources are to be reported.

[0144] The channel state information report may further comprise measurements for one or more reference signal resources, of the set of reference signal resources, that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, wherein a sum of a number of the measurements for the determined plurality of reference signal resources, and a number of the measurements for the one or more reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, may be equal to a number of measurements of reference signal resources the apparatus is configured to report in a single channel state information report.

[0145] The channel state information report may further comprise measurements, for one or more reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, that have a highest received power among the set of reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources.

[0146] Determining the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise the example apparatus being further configured to: receive, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one or more of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources; and determine one or more reference signal resources associated with the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources, wherein the determined plurality of reference signal resources may comprise the one or more determined reference signal resources associated with the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources.

[0147] The at least one indication to activate the one or more of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: an identifier of the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources, or an index of the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources.

[0148] Determining the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise the example apparatus being further configured to: receive, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one or more reference signals of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources, wherein the determined plurality of reference signal resources may comprise the one or more activated reference signal resources.

[0149] The control signaling may comprise one of: a medium access control message, or a downlink control information message.

[0150] Performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise the example apparatus being further configured to: perform measurement for the set of reference signal resources.

[0151] In accordance with one aspect, an example method may be provided comprising: receiving, with a user equipment from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; determining a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and transmitting, to the network entity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0152] The at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one machine learning measurement group of reference signal resources associated with a networkside machine learning model.

[0153] Respective ones of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise one or more reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources.

[0154] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise a plurality of indications of subsets of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported, wherein the determining of the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise: determining one of the plurality of indicated subsets of reference signal resources, wherein the plurality of reference signal resources may be associated with the determined subset of reference signal resources.

[0155] Respective ones of the at least one indication of the subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: a bitmap, a resource group identifier, or a grouping parameter identifier, wherein the respective ones of the at least one indication of the subset of reference signal resources may be configured to indicate whether or not measurements for respective ones of the set of reference signal resources are to be reported.

[0156] The channel state information report may further comprise measurements for one or more reference signal resources, of the set of reference signal resources, that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, wherein a sum of a number of the measurements for the determined plurality of reference signal resources, and a number of the measurements for the one or more reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, may be equal to a number of measurements of reference signal resources the user equipment is configured to report in a single channel state information report.

[0157] The channel state information report may further comprise measurements, for one or more reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, that have a highest received power among the set of reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources.

[0158] The determining of the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise: receiving, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one or more of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources; and determining one or more reference signal resources associated with the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources, wherein the determined plurality of reference signal resources may comprise the one or more determined reference signal resources associated with the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources.

[0159] The at least one indication to activate the one or more of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: an identifier of the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources, or an index of the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources.

[0160] The determining of the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise: receiving, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one or more reference signals of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources, wherein the determined plurality of reference signal resources may comprise the one or more activated reference signal resources.

[0161] The control signaling may comprise one of: a medium access control message, or a downlink control information message. [0162] The performing of measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise: measuring reference signal received power for the plurality of reference signal resources, wherein the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: non-zero power channel state information reference signal resources, or synchronization signal block resources.

[0163] The performing of measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise: performing measurement for the set of reference signal resources.

[0164] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: circuitry configured to perform: receiving, with a user equipment from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; circuitry configured to perform: determining a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; circuitry configured to perform: performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and circuitry configured to perform: transmitting, to the network entity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0165] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: processing circuitry; memory circuitry including computer program code, the memory circuitry and the computer program code configured to, with the processing circuitry, enable the apparatus to: receive, from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; determine a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; perform measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and transmit, to the network entity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0166] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” or “means” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry) and (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of analog and/or digital hardware circuit(s) with software/firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and (c) hardware circuit(s) and or processor(s), such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.” This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.

[0167] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise means for: receiving, from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; determining a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and transmitting, to the network entity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources. [0168] The at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one machine learning measurement group of reference signal resources associated with a networkside machine learning model.

[0169] Respective ones of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise one or more reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources.

[0170] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise a plurality of indications of subsets of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported, wherein the means configured for determining the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise means configured for: determining one of the plurality of indicated subsets of reference signal resources, wherein the plurality of reference signal resources may be associated with the determined subset of reference signal resources.

[0171] Respective ones of the at least one indication of the subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: a bitmap, a resource group identifier, or a grouping parameter identifier, wherein the respective ones of the at least one indication of the subset of reference signal resources may be configured to indicate whether or not measurements for respective ones of the set of reference signal resources are to be reported.

[0172] The channel state information report may further comprise measurements for one or more reference signal resources, of the set of reference signal resources, that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, wherein a sum of a number of the measurements for the determined plurality of reference signal resources, and a number of the measurements for the one or more reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, may be equal to a number of measurements of reference signal resources the apparatus is configured to report in a single channel state information report.

[0173] The channel state information report may further comprise measurements, for one or more reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, that have a highest received power among the set of reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources.

[0174] The means configured for determining the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise means configured for: receiving, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one or more of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources; and determining one or more reference signal resources associated with the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources, wherein the determined plurality of reference signal resources may comprise the one or more determined reference signal resources associated with the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources.

[0175] The at least one indication to activate the one or more of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: an identifier of the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources, or an index of the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources.

[0176] The means configured for determining the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise means configured for: receiving, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one or more reference signals of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources, wherein the determined plurality of reference signal resources may comprise the one or more activated reference signal resources.

[0177] The control signaling may comprise one of: a medium access control message, or a downlink control information message.

[0178] The means configured for performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise means configured for: measuring reference signal received power for the plurality of reference signal resources, wherein the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: non-zero power channel state information reference signal resources, or synchronization signal block resources. [0179] The means configured for performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise means configured for: performing measurement for the set of reference signal resources.

[0180] A processor, memory, and/or example algorithms (which may be encoded as instructions, program, or code) may be provided as example means for providing or causing performance of operation.

[0181] In accordance with one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed with at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: cause receiving, with a user equipment from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; determine a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; perform measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and cause transmitting, to the network entity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0182] In accordance with one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing receiving, with a user equipment from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; determining a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and causing transmitting, to the network entity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0183] In accordance with another example embodiment, a non-transitory program storage device readable by a machine may be provided, tangibly embodying instructions executable by the machine for performing operations, the operations comprising: causing receiving, with a user equipment from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; determining a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and causing transmitting, to the network entity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0184] In accordance with another example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: causing receiving, with a user equipment from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; determining a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and causing transmitting, to the network entity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0185] A computer implemented system comprising: at least one processor and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system at least to perform: causing receiving, with a user equipment from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; determining a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and causing transmitting, to the network entity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0186] A computer implemented system comprising: means for causing receiving, with a user equipment from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; means for determining a plurality of reference signal resources, of at least part of the set of reference signal resources, for which measurements are to be reported based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; means for performing measurement for, at least, the plurality of reference signal resources; and means for causing transmitting, to the network entity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0187] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and receive, from the user equipment, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration. [0188] The at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one machine learning measurement group of reference signal resources associated with a networkside machine learning model.

[0189] Respective ones of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise one or more reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources.

[0190] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise a plurality of indications of subsets of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported.

[0191] Respective ones of the at least one indication of the subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: a bitmap, a resource group identifier, or a grouping parameter identifier, wherein the respective ones of the at least one indication of the subset of reference signal resources may be configured to indicate whether or not measurements for respective ones of the set of reference signal resources are to be reported.

[0192] The channel state information report may further comprise measurements for one or more reference signal resources, of the set of reference signal resources, that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, wherein a sum of a number of the measurements for the determined plurality of reference signal resources, and a number of the measurements for the one or more reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, may be equal to a number of measurements of reference signal resources the user equipment is configured to report in a single channel state information report.

[0193] The channel state information report may further comprise measurements, for one or more reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, that have a highest received power among the set of reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources.

[0194] The example apparatus may be further configured to: transmit, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one or more of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources, wherein the measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources may be associated with the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources.

[0195] The at least one indication to activate the one or more of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: an identifier of the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources, or an index of the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources.

[0196] The example apparatus may be further configured to: transmit, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one or more reference signals of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources, wherein the measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources may be associated with the one or more activated reference signal resources.

[0197] The control signaling may comprise one of: a medium access control message, or a downlink control information message.

[0198] The control signaling may be transmitted based on at least one of: a previously received channel state information report, one or more conditions of the user equipment, a result of network performance monitoring, an event related to fallback to a legacy beam management operation, an event triggered based on a result of a network-side machine learning model, an event related to training of the network-side machine learning model, an event related to data collection for the network-side machine learning model, a life cycle management operation related to switching of the network-side machine learning model, or a diversity requirement associated with the network-side machine learning model.

[0199] The measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise reference signal received power measurements, wherein the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: non-zero power channel state information reference signal resources, or synchronization signal block resources. [0200] The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine input for a networkside machine learning model based, at least partially, on: the received channel state information report, and the channel state information reporting configuration; and provide the input to the network-side machine learning model.

[0201] The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine the channel state information reporting configuration based, at least partially, on at least one of: at least one capability of the user equipment, a diversity requirement associated with a network-side machine learning model, an indication of signal quality for the set of reference signal resources, or the set of reference signal resources.

[0202] The example apparatus may be further configured to: map the measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on a subset of reference signal resources, of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources, indicated in the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0203] In accordance with one aspect, an example method may be provided comprising: transmitting, with a base station to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and receiving, from the user equipment, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0204] The at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one machine learning measurement group of reference signal resources associated with a networkside machine learning model.

[0205] Respective ones of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise one or more reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources. [0206] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise a plurality of indications of subsets of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported.

[0207] Respective ones of the at least one indication of the subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: a bitmap, a resource group identifier, or a grouping parameter identifier, wherein the respective ones of the at least one indication of the subset of reference signal resources may be configured to indicate whether or not measurements for respective ones of the set of reference signal resources are to be reported.

[0208] The channel state information report may further comprise measurements for one or more reference signal resources, of the set of reference signal resources, that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, wherein a sum of a number of the measurements for the determined plurality of reference signal resources, and a number of the measurements for the one or more reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, may be equal to a number of measurements of reference signal resources the user equipment is configured to report in a single channel state information report.

[0209] The channel state information report may further comprise measurements, for one or more reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, that have a highest received power among the set of reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources.

[0210] The example method may further comprise: transmitting, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one or more of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources, wherein the measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources may be associated with the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources.

[0211] The at least one indication to activate the one or more of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: an identifier of the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources, or an index of the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources.

[0212] The example method may further comprise: transmitting, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one or more reference signals of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources, wherein the measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources may be associated with the one or more activated reference signal resources.

[0213] The control signaling may comprise one of: a medium access control message, or a downlink control information message.

[0214] The control signaling may be transmitted based on at least one of: a previously received channel state information report, one or more conditions of the user equipment, a result of network performance monitoring, an event related to fallback to a legacy beam management operation, an event triggered based on a result of a network-side machine learning model, an event related to training of the network-side machine learning model, an event related to data collection for the network-side machine learning model, a life cycle management operation related to switching of the network-side machine learning model, or a diversity requirement associated with the network-side machine learning model.

[0215] The measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise reference signal received power measurements, wherein the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: non-zero power channel state information reference signal resources, or synchronization signal block resources.

[0216] The example method may further comprise: determining input for a network-side machine learning model based, at least partially, on: the received channel state information report, and the channel state information reporting configuration; and providing the input to the networkside machine learning model. [0217] The example method may further comprise: determining the channel state information reporting configuration based, at least partially, on at least one of: at least one capability of the user equipment, a diversity requirement associated with a network-side machine learning model, an indication of signal quality for the set of reference signal resources, or the set of reference signal resources.

[0218] The example method may further comprise: mapping the measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on a subset of reference signal resources, of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources, indicated in the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0219] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: circuitry configured to perform: transmitting, with a base station to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and circuitry configured to perform: receiving, from the user equipment, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0220] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: processing circuitry; memory circuitry including computer program code, the memory circuitry and the computer program code configured to, with the processing circuitry, enable the apparatus to: transmit, to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and receive, from the user equipment, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration. [0221] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise means for: transmitting, to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and receiving, from the user equipment, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0222] The at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one machine learning measurement group of reference signal resources associated with a networkside machine learning model.

[0223] Respective ones of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise one or more reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources.

[0224] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise a plurality of indications of subsets of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported.

[0225] Respective ones of the at least one indication of the subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: a bitmap, a resource group identifier, or a grouping parameter identifier, wherein the respective ones of the at least one indication of the subset of reference signal resources may be configured to indicate whether or not measurements for respective ones of the set of reference signal resources are to be reported.

[0226] The channel state information report may further comprise measurements for one or more reference signal resources, of the set of reference signal resources, that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, wherein a sum of a number of the measurements for the determined plurality of reference signal resources, and a number of the measurements for the one or more reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, may be equal to a number of measurements of reference signal resources the user equipment is configured to report in a single channel state information report. [0227] The channel state information report may further comprise measurements, for one or more reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources, that have a highest received power among the set of reference signal resources that are not part of the determined plurality of reference signal resources.

[0228] The means may be further configured for: transmitting, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one or more of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources, wherein the measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources may be associated with the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources.

[0229] The at least one indication to activate the one or more of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: an identifier of the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources, or an index of the one or more activated sets of reference signal resources.

[0230] The means may be further configured for: transmitting, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one or more reference signals of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources, wherein the measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources may be associated with the one or more activated reference signal resources.

[0231] The control signaling may comprise one of: a medium access control message, or a downlink control information message.

[0232] The control signaling may be transmitted based on at least one of: a previously received channel state information report, one or more conditions of the user equipment, a result of network performance monitoring, an event related to fallback to a legacy beam management operation, an event triggered based on a result of a network-side machine learning model, an event related to training of the network-side machine learning model, an event related to data collection for the network-side machine learning model, a life cycle management operation related to switching of the network-side machine learning model, or a diversity requirement associated with the network-side machine learning model.

[0233] The measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise reference signal received power measurements, wherein the plurality of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: non-zero power channel state information reference signal resources, or synchronization signal block resources.

[0234] The means may be further configured for: determining input for a network-side machine learning model based, at least partially, on: the received channel state information report, and the channel state information reporting configuration; and providing the input to the networkside machine learning model.

[0235] The means may be further configured for: determining the channel state information reporting configuration based, at least partially, on at least one of: at least one capability of the user equipment, a diversity requirement associated with a network-side machine learning model, an indication of signal quality for the set of reference signal resources, or the set of reference signal resources.

[0236] The means may be further configured for: mapping the measurements for the plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on a subset of reference signal resources, of the at least one indicated subset of reference signal resources, indicated in the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0237] In accordance with one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed with at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: cause transmitting, with a base station to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and cause receiving, from the user equipment, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0238] In accordance with one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing transmitting, with a base station to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and causing receiving, from the user equipment, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0239] In accordance with another example embodiment, a non-transitory program storage device readable by a machine may be provided, tangibly embodying instructions executable by the machine for performing operations, the operations comprising: causing transmitting, with a base station to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and causing receiving, from the user equipment, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0240] In accordance with another example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: causing transmitting, with a base station to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and causing receiving, from the user equipment, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0241] A computer implemented system comprising: at least one processor and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system at least to perform: causing transmitting, with a base station to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and causing receiving, from the user equipment, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0242] A computer implemented system comprising: means for causing transmitting, with a base station to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least, a set of reference signal resources that are configured to be measured, and at least one indication of a subset of reference signal resources that are configured to be reported; and means for causing receiving, from the user equipment, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise, at least, measurements for a plurality of reference signal resources based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration.

[0243] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determine a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; perform a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and transmit, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

[0244] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise the at least one first number, wherein determining the second periodicity may comprise the example apparatus being further configured to: determine the second periodicity based, at least partially, on the at least one first number and the first periodicity.

[0245] The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one of the at least one first number, wherein the second periodicity may be determined based, at least partially, on the activated first number.

[0246] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise the at least one second periodicity, wherein determining the second periodicity may comprise the example apparatus being further configured to: select one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0247] The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one of the at least one second periodicity, wherein the one of the at least one second periodicity may be selected based, at least partially, on the activated second periodicity.

[0248] The channel state information reporting configuration may further comprise at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report, wherein the channel information state report may comprise a number of the plurality of consecutive measurements, of respective ones of the set of reference signal resources, that is equal to one of the at least one second number. [0249] The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate the one of the at least one second number.

[0250] At least one of: the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or the at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report may be associated with a network-side machine learning model.

[0251] The plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources may comprise reference signal received power measurements, wherein the set of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: non-zero power channel state information reference signal resources, or synchronization signal block resources.

[0252] In accordance with one aspect, an example method may be provided comprising: receiving, with a user equipment from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources. [0253] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise the at least one first number, wherein the determining of the second periodicity may comprise: determining the second periodicity based, at least partially, on the at least one first number and the first periodicity.

[0254] The example method may further comprise: receiving, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one of the at least one first number, wherein the second periodicity may be determined based, at least partially, on the activated first number.

[0255] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise the at least one second periodicity, wherein the determining of the second periodicity may comprise: selecting one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0256] The example method may further comprise: receiving, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one of the at least one second periodicity, wherein the one of the at least one second periodicity may be selected based, at least partially, on the activated second periodicity.

[0257] The channel state information reporting configuration may further comprise at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report, wherein the channel information state report may comprise a number of the plurality of consecutive measurements, of respective ones of the set of reference signal resources, that is equal to one of the at least one second number.

[0258] The example method may further comprise: receiving, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate the one of the at least one second number.

[0259] At least one of: the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or the at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report may be associated with a network-side machine learning model. [0260] The plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources may comprise reference signal received power measurements, wherein the set of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: non-zero power channel state information reference signal resources, or synchronization signal block resources.

[0261] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: circuitry configured to perform: receiving, with a user equipment from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; circuitry configured to perform: determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; circuitry configured to perform: performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and circuitry configured to perform: transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

[0262] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: processing circuitry; memory circuitry including computer program code, the memory circuitry and the computer program code configured to, with the processing circuitry, enable the apparatus to: receive, from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determine a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; perform a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and transmit, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

[0263] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise means for: receiving, from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

[0264] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise the at least one first number, wherein the means configured for determining the second periodicity may comprise means configured for: determining the second periodicity based, at least partially, on the at least one first number and the first periodicity.

[0265] The means may be further configured for: receiving, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one of the at least one first number, wherein the second periodicity may be determined based, at least partially, on the activated first number. [0266] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise the at least one second periodicity, wherein the means configured for determining the second periodicity may comprise means configured for: selecting one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0267] The means may be further configured for: receiving, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one of the at least one second periodicity, wherein the one of the at least one second periodicity may be selected based, at least partially, on the activated second periodicity.

[0268] The channel state information reporting configuration may further comprise at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report, wherein the channel information state report may comprise a number of the plurality of consecutive measurements, of respective ones of the set of reference signal resources, that is equal to one of the at least one second number.

[0269] The means may be further configured for: receiving, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate the one of the at least one second number.

[0270] At least one of: the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or the at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report may be associated with a network-side machine learning model.

[0271] The plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources may comprise reference signal received power measurements, wherein the set of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: non-zero power channel state information reference signal resources, or synchronization signal block resources.

[0272] In accordance with one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed with at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: cause receiving, from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determine a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; perform a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and cause transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

[0273] In accordance with one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing receiving, from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and causing transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

[0274] In accordance with another example embodiment, a non-transitory program storage device readable by a machine may be provided, tangibly embodying instructions executable by the machine for performing operations, the operations comprising: causing receiving, from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and causing transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

[0275] In accordance with another example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: causing receiving, from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and causing transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources. [0276] A computer implemented system comprising: at least one processor and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system at least to perform: causing receiving, from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and causing transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

[0277] A computer implemented system comprising: means for causing receiving, from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; means for determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; means for performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and means for causing transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources. [0278] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; transmit, to the user equipment, reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and receive, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0279] Respective ones of the at least one first number may be equal to the first periodicity divided by a corresponding one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0280] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise the example apparatus being further configured to: transmit, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one of the at least one first number, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the first periodicity and the activated first number.

[0281] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise the example apparatus being further configured to: transmit, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one of the at least one second periodicity, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to the activated second periodicity. [0282] The channel state information reporting configuration may further comprise at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report, wherein a number of the one or more consecutive measurements, of respective ones of the set of reference signal resources, may be equal to one of the at least one second number.

[0283] The example apparatus may be further configured to: transmit, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate the one of the at least one second number.

[0284] At least one of: the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or the at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report may be associated with a network-side machine learning model.

[0285] The one or more consecutive measurements may comprise reference signal received power measurements, wherein the set of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: non-zero power channel state information reference signal resources, or synchronization signal block resources.

[0286] The example apparatus may be further configured to: map the one or more consecutive measurements based, at least partially, on one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0287] The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine the channel state information reporting configuration based, at least partially, on at least one of: an observation window associated with a network-side machine learning model, a prediction window associated with the network-side machine learning model, or a diversity requirement associated with the network-side machine learning model.

[0288] In accordance with one aspect, an example method may be provided comprising: transmitting, with a base station to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; transmitting, to the user equipment, reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0289] Respective ones of the at least one first number may be equal to the first periodicity divided by a corresponding one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0290] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise the at least one first number, the example method further comprising: transmitting, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one of the at least one first number, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the first periodicity and the activated first number.

[0291] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise the at least one second periodicity, the example method further comprising: transmitting, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one of the at least one second periodicity, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to the activated second periodicity.

[0292] The channel state information reporting configuration may further comprise at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report, wherein a number of the one or more consecutive measurements, of respective ones of the set of reference signal resources, may be equal to one of the at least one second number.

[0293] The example method may further comprise: transmitting, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate the one of the at least one second number.

[0294] At least one of: the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or the at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report may be associated with a network-side machine learning model.

[0295] The one or more consecutive measurements may comprise reference signal received power measurements, wherein the set of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: non-zero power channel state information reference signal resources, or synchronization signal block resources.

[0296] The example method may further comprise: mapping the one or more consecutive measurements based, at least partially, on one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0297] The example method may further comprise: determining the channel state information reporting configuration based, at least partially, on at least one of: an observation window associated with a network-side machine learning model, a prediction window associated with the network-side machine learning model, or a diversity requirement associated with the network-side machine learning model.

[0298] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: circuitry configured to perform: transmitting, with a base station to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; circuitry configured to perform: transmitting, to the user equipment, reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and circuitry configured to perform: receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0299] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise: processing circuitry; memory circuitry including computer program code, the memory circuitry and the computer program code configured to, with the processing circuitry, enable the apparatus to: transmit, to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; transmit, to the user equipment, reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and receive, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0300] In accordance with one example embodiment, an apparatus may comprise means for: transmitting, to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; transmitting, to the user equipment, reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0301] Respective ones of the at least one first number may be equal to the first periodicity divided by a corresponding one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0302] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise the at least one first number, wherein the means may be further configured for: transmitting, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one of the at least one first number, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the first periodicity and the activated first number.

[0303] The channel state information reporting configuration may comprise the at least one second periodicity, wherein the means may be further configured for: transmitting, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate one of the at least one second periodicity, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to the activated second periodicity.

[0304] The channel state information reporting configuration may further comprise at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report, wherein a number of the one or more consecutive measurements, of respective ones of the set of reference signal resources, may be equal to one of the at least one second number. [0305] The means may be further configured for: transmitting, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling may comprise at least one indication to activate the one of the at least one second number.

[0306] At least one of: the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or the at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report may be associated with a network-side machine learning model.

[0307] The one or more consecutive measurements may comprise reference signal received power measurements, wherein the set of reference signal resources may comprise at least one of: non-zero power channel state information reference signal resources, or synchronization signal block resources.

[0308] The means may be further configured for: mapping the one or more consecutive measurements based, at least partially, on one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0309] The means may be further configured for: determining the channel state information reporting configuration based, at least partially, on at least one of: an observation window associated with a network-side machine learning model, a prediction window associated with the network-side machine learning model, or a diversity requirement associated with the network-side machine learning model.

[0310] In accordance with one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed with at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: cause transmitting, to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; cause transmitting, to the user equipment, of reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and cause receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0311] In accordance with one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing transmitting, to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; causing transmitting, to the user equipment, of reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and causing receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0312] In accordance with another example embodiment, a non-transitory program storage device readable by a machine may be provided, tangibly embodying instructions executable by the machine for performing operations, the operations comprising: causing transmitting, to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; causing transmitting, to the user equipment, of reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and causing receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0313] In accordance with another example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: causing transmitting, to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; causing transmitting, to the user equipment, of reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and causing receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0314] A computer implemented system comprising: at least one processor and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system at least to perform: causing transmitting, to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; causing transmitting, to the user equipment, of reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and causing receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0315] A computer implemented system comprising: means for causing transmitting, to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources may be configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; means for causing transmitting, to the user equipment, of reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and means for causing receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report may comprise one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements may be temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

[0316] The term “non-transitory,” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e. tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM).

[0317] It should be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art. For example, features recited in the various dependent claims could be combined with each other in any suitable combination(s). In addition, features from different embodiments described above could be selectively combined into a new embodiment. Accordingly, the description is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modification and variances which fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determine a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; perform a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and transmit, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the channel state information reporting configuration comprises the at least one first number, wherein determining the second periodicity comprises the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: determine the second periodicity based, at least partially, on the at least one first number and the first periodicity.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: receive, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling comprises at least one indication to activate one of the at least one first number, wherein the second periodicity is determined based, at least partially, on the activated first number.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the channel state information reporting configuration comprises the at least one second periodicity, wherein determining the second periodicity comprises the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: select one of the at least one second periodicity.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: receive, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling comprises at least one indication to activate one of the at least one second periodicity, wherein the one of the at least one second periodicity is selected based, at least partially, on the activated second periodicity.

6. The apparatus of any of claims 1 through 5, wherein the channel state information reporting configuration further comprises at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report, wherein the channel information state report comprises a number of the plurality of consecutive measurements, of respective ones of the set of reference signal resources, that is equal to one of the at least one second number.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: receive, from the network entity, control signaling, wherein the control signaling comprises at least one indication to activate the one of the at least one second number.

8. The apparatus of claim 6 or 7, wherein at least one of: the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or the at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report is associated with a network-side machine learning model.

9. The apparatus of any of claims 1 through 8, wherein the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources comprises reference signal received power measurements, wherein the set of reference signal resources comprise at least one of: non-zero power channel state information reference signal resources, or synchronization signal block resources.

10. A method comprising: receiving, with a user equipment from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

11. An apparatus comprising means for: receiving, from a network entity, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

12. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing receiving, from a network entity, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; determining a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the channel state information reporting configuration; performing a plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources according to the determined second periodicity; and causing transmitting, to the network entity according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more of the plurality of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources.

13. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; transmit, to the user equipment, reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and receive, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements are temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein respective ones of the at least one first number are equal to the first periodicity divided by a corresponding one of the at least one second periodicity.

15. The apparatus of claim 13 or 14, wherein the channel state information reporting configuration comprises the at least one first number, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: transmit, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling comprises at least one indication to activate one of the at least one first number, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements are temporally spaced according to a second periodicity based, at least partially, on the first periodicity and the activated first number.

16. The apparatus of any of claims 13 through 15, wherein the channel state information reporting configuration comprises the at least one second periodicity, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: transmit, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling comprises at least one indication to activate one of the at least one second periodicity, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements are temporally spaced according to the activated second periodicity.

17. The apparatus of any of claims 13 through 16, wherein the channel state information reporting configuration further comprises at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report, wherein a number of the one or more consecutive measurements, of respective ones of the set of reference signal resources, is equal to one of the at least one second number.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: transmit, to the user equipment, control signaling, wherein the control signaling comprises at least one indication to activate the one of the at least one second number.

19. The apparatus of claim 17 or 18, wherein at least one of: the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or the at least one second number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be reported per channel state information report is associated with a network-side machine learning model.

20. The apparatus of any of claims 13 through 19, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements comprise reference signal received power measurements, wherein the set of reference signal resources comprise at least one of: non-zero power channel state information reference signal resources, or synchronization signal block resources.

21. The apparatus of any of claims 13 through 20, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: map the one or more consecutive measurements based, at least partially, on one of the at least one second periodicity.

22. The apparatus of any of claims 13 through 21, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: determine the channel state information reporting configuration based, at least partially, on at least one of: an observation window associated with a network-side machine learning model, -er a prediction window associated with the network-side machine learning model, or a diversity requirement associated with the network-side machine learning model.

23. A method comprising: transmitting, with a base station to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; transmitting, to the user equipment, reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements are temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

24. An apparatus comprising means for: transmitting, to a user equipment, a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; transmitting, to the user equipment, reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements are temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.

25. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing transmitting, to a user equipment, of a channel state information reporting configuration comprising, at least: a set of reference signal resources, wherein the set of reference signal resources are configured to be measured, a first periodicity for reporting measurements of the set of reference signal resources, and at least one of: at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between reporting instances, or at least one second periodicity for determining the at least one first number of consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources to be made between the reporting instances; causing transmitting, to the user equipment, of reference signals with the set of reference signal resources; and causing receiving, from the user equipment according to the first periodicity, of a channel state information report, wherein the channel state information report comprises one or more consecutive measurements of the set of reference signal resources, wherein the one or more consecutive measurements are temporally spaced according to one of the at least one second periodicity.