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WO2025171031A1 - Pd-l1 compounds with a bicyclic group - Google Patents

Pd-l1 compounds with a bicyclic group

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Publication number
WO2025171031A1
WO2025171031A1 PCT/US2025/014624 US2025014624W WO2025171031A1 WO 2025171031 A1 WO2025171031 A1 WO 2025171031A1 US 2025014624 W US2025014624 W US 2025014624W WO 2025171031 A1 WO2025171031 A1 WO 2025171031A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compound
pharmaceutically acceptable
acceptable salt
alkyl
hydrogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/US2025/014624
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Tongfei Wu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aligos Therapeutics Inc
Original Assignee
Aligos Therapeutics Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aligos Therapeutics Inc filed Critical Aligos Therapeutics Inc
Publication of WO2025171031A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025171031A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology and medicine.
  • the present disclosure related to compounds that can be useful as inhibitors of PD-1, PD-L1 or the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.
  • pharmaceutical compositions of compounds described herein and uses of or methods of using the compounds for the treatment of PD-L1 related diseases including but not limited to liver diseases, cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, viral diseases, or hepatitis B.
  • the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint expressed on the surface of activated CD4 + and CD8 + T cells controls an inhibitory mechanism to prevent autoimmunity.
  • Engagement of PD-1 by programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed on the multitude of cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells as well as cancer cells induces T cell exhaustion resulting in reduction or loss of effector cytokine production (e.g. IL-2, TNF- ⁇ , IFN- ⁇ ) and upregulation of other inhibitory receptors and immune checkpoints (e.g. CTLA-4, LAG-3, and BTLA) or T cell apoptosis.
  • PD-L1 High expression ofPD-L1 is exhibited by many types of cancers to escape tumor immune surveillance and has been associated with poorer prognosis. PD-1 -mediated immunosuppression is also linked to some viral infections, such as hepatitis B. There is an ongoing need for PD-1/PD-L1 therapies and improvements thereof for the treatment of disease.
  • Some embodiments disclosed herein relate to a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Some embodiments disclosed herein relate to a pharmaceutical composition that can contain an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Some embodiments described herein relate to a method of treating a HBV and/or HDV infection that can include administering to a subject identified as suffering from the HBV and/or HDV infection an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein.
  • Other embodiments described herein relate to a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein for the use of treating a HBV and/or HDV infection.
  • Some embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method of inhibiting replication of HBV and/or HDV that can include contacting a cell infected with the HBV and/or HDV with an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein.
  • Other embodiments described herein relate to a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein for the use of inhibiting the replication HBV and/or HDV.
  • Figures 1A and IB show the absolute configuration structure and ORTEP crystal structure of the chloride salt of Intermediate 9B.
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common form of liver cancer.
  • HCC can be caused by a variety of conditions, such as alcohol consumption, cirrhosis, and viral infections that cause hepatitis, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis D virus.
  • the inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis linked with these conditions can induce malignancies in affected liver cells.
  • HCC has relatively poor prognosis, with a five-year survival rate of about 30%, depending on if full surgical resection of the tumor is possible.
  • HBV is a partially double-stranded circular DNA of about 3.2 kilobase (kb) pairs, and is classified into eight genotypes, A to H.
  • the HBV replication pathway has been studied in great detail.
  • One part of replication includes the formation of the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) form.
  • cccDNA covalently closed circular DNA
  • HBV carriers can transmit the disease for many years. An estimated 300 million people are living with hepatitis B virus infection, and it is estimated that over 750,000 people worldwide die of hepatitis B each year.
  • immunosuppressed individuals or individuals undergoing chemotherapy are especially at risk for reactivation of an HBV infection.
  • HBV can be acute and/or chronic.
  • Acute HBV infection can be either asymptomatic or present with symptomatic acute hepatitis.
  • HBV can be transmitted by blood, semen, and/or another body fluid. This can occur through direct blood-to-blood contact, unprotected sex, sharing of needles, and from an infected mother to her baby during the delivery process.
  • the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) is most frequently used to screen for the presence of this infection.
  • Currently available medications do not cure HBV and/or HDV infection. Rather, the medications suppress replication of the virus.
  • the hepatitis D virus is a DNA virus, also in the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. HDV can propagate only in the presence of HBV. The routes of transmission of HDV are similar to those for HBV. Transmission of HDV can occur either via simultaneous infection with HBV (coinfection) or in addition to chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis B carrier state (superinfection). Both superinfection and coinfection with HDV results in more severe complications compared to infection with HBV alone. These complications include a greater likelihood of experiencing liver failure in acute infections and a rapid progression to liver cirrhosis, with an increased risk of developing liver cancer in chronic infections. In combination with hepatitis B, hepatitis D has the highest fatality rate of all the hepatitis infections, at 20%. There is currently no cure or vaccine for hepatitis D.
  • PD-1 programmed cell death 1, or programmed death 1
  • PD-1 protein (NCBI accession number NP 005009.2) is expressed from the cluster of differentiation 279 (CD279) gene (NCBI accession number NG_012110.1) or mRNA transcript (NCBI accession number NM_005018.3).
  • CD279 cluster of differentiation 279 gene
  • mRNA transcript NCBI accession number NM_005018.3
  • PD-1 is the human PD-1 protein
  • CD279 is the human CD279 transcript or gene on chromosome 2. It should be understood that a person with ordinary skill in the art would view the terms PD-1 and CD279 as often nominally interchangeable when considering the nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) or corresponding translated protein, or the sequences thereof.
  • Programmed cell death-ligand 1, or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), also known as B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1) is 272 amino acid long type I transmembrane protein found as a surface marker on many different cell types.
  • PD-L1 is a major ligand of PD-1 and results in inhibition of T cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production.
  • Cancer cells such as HCC cells take advantage of this immune checkpoint by upregulating PD-L1 expression, resulting in dysfunctional anti-tumor immunity by proximal T cells. Viruses also have been observed to modulate the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to inhibit immune host response.
  • Hepatitis B virus has been shown to upregulate PD-L1 in infected hepatocytes, and PD-1 in associated T cells.
  • PD- L1 protein (NCBI accession number NP 054862.1) is expressed from the cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) transcript (NCBI accession number NM_014143.4).
  • CD274 is the human CD274 transcript or gene on chromosome 9. It should be understood that a person with ordinary skill in the art would view the terms PD-L1 and CD274 as often nominally interchangeable when considering the nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) or corresponding translated protein, or the sequences thereof. Definitions
  • the indicated “optionally substituted” or “substituted” group may be substituted with one or more group(s) individually and independently selected from deuterium, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl), (heterocyclyl)alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, acyl, cyano, halogen, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, O-thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-amido, N-amido, S-sulfonamido, N- sulfonamide, C-carboxy, O-carboxy, isocyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, nitro, azido
  • C a to Cb refers to the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, or the number of carbon atoms in the ring of a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl group.
  • alkyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain that comprises a fully saturated (no double or triple bonds) hydrocarbon group.
  • the alkyl group may have 1 to 20 carbon atoms (whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “1 to 20” refers to each integer in the given range; e.g., “1 to 20 carbon atoms” means that the alkyl group may consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, etc., up to and including 20 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkyl” where no numerical range is designated).
  • the alkyl group may also be a medium size alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • Typical alkyl groups include, but are in no way limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
  • the alkyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • alkynyl refers to an alkyl group that contains in the straight or branched hydrocarbon chain one or more triple bonds.
  • the length of an alkynyl can vary.
  • the alkynyl can be a C2-4 alkynyl, C2-6 alkynyl or C2-8 alkynyl.
  • Examples of alkynyls include ethynyl and propynyl.
  • An alkynyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a completely saturated (no double or triple bonds) mono- or multi- cyclic hydrocarbon ring system. When composed of two or more rings, the rings may be joined together in a fused fashion. Cycloalkyl groups can contain 3 to 10 atoms in the ring(s). 3 to 8 atoms in the ring(s) or 3 to 6 atoms in the ring(s). A cycloalkyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted.
  • Typical cycloalkyl groups include, but are in no way limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.
  • cycloalkenyl refers to a mono- or multi- cyclic hydrocarbon ring system that contains one or more double bonds in at least one ring; although, if there is more than one, the double bonds cannot form a fully delocalized pi-electron system throughout all the rings (otherwise the group would be “aryl,” as defined herein). When composed of two or more rings, the rings may be connected together in a fused fashion.
  • a cycloalkenyl can contain 3 to 10 atoms in the ring(s) or 3 to 8 atoms in the ring(s).
  • a cycloalkenyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted.
  • heteroaryl includes fused ring systems where two rings, such as at least one aryl ring and at least one heteroaryl ring, or at least two heteroaryl rings, share at least one chemical bond.
  • heteroaryl rings include, but are not limited to, furan, furazan, thiophene, benzothiophene, phthalazine, pyrrole, oxazole, benzoxazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4- oxadiazole, thiazole, 1,2, 3 -thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, benzothiazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, indole, indazole, pyrazole, benzopyrazole, isoxazole, benzoisoxazole, isothiazole, triazole, benzotriazole, thiadiazole, tetrazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyr
  • aryl(alkyl) refers to an aryl group connected, as a substituent, via a lower alkylene group.
  • the lower alkylene and aryl group of an aryl(alkyl) may be substituted or unsubstituted. Examples include but are not limited to benzyl, 2- phenyl(alkyl), 3-phenyl(alkyl), and naphthyl(alkyl).
  • heteroaryl(alkyl) refers to a heteroaryl group connected, as a substituent, via a lower alkylene group.
  • the lower alkylene and heteroaryl group of heteroaryl(alkyl) may be substituted or unsubstituted. Examples include but are not limited to 2-thienyl(alkyl), 3-thienyl(alkyl), furyl(alkyl), thienyl(alkyl), pyrrolyl(alkyl), pyridyl(alkyl), isoxazolyl(alkyl), imidazolyl(alkyl) and their benzo-fused analogs.
  • ‘Lower alkylene groups” are straight-chained -CH2- tethering groups, forming bonds to connect molecular fragments via their terminal carbon atoms.
  • a lower alkylene can include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons. Examples include but are not limited to methylene (-CH2-), ethylene (-CH2CH2-), propylene (-CH2CH2CH2-) and butylene (-CH2CH2CH2CH2-).
  • a lower alkylene group can be substituted by replacing one or more hydrogen of the lower alkylene group with a substituent(s) listed under the definition of “substituted.”
  • alkoxy refers to the formula -OR wherein R is an alkyl, an alkenyl, an alkynyl, a cycloalkyl, a cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl) is defined herein.
  • a non-limiting list of alkoxys are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1 -methylethoxy (isopropoxy), n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, phenoxy and benzoxy.
  • an alkoxy can be -OR wherein R is an unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl. An alkoxy may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • acyl refers to a hydrogen an alkyl, an alkenyl, an alkynyl, a cycloalkyl, a cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl) connected, as substituents, via a carbonyl group. Examples include formyl, acetyl, propanoyl, benzoyl and acryl. An acyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • hydroxyalkyl refers to an alkyl group in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxy group.
  • exemplary hydroxyalkyl groups include but are not limited to, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3 -hydroxy propyl, 2-hydroxypropyl and 2,2- dihydroxyethyl.
  • a hydroxyalkyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by a halogen (e.g., mono-haloalkyl, di-haloalkyl and tri- haloalkyl).
  • a halogen e.g., mono-haloalkyl, di-haloalkyl and tri- haloalkyl.
  • groups include but are not limited to, chloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1 -chloro-2-fluoromethyl and 2-fluoroisobutyl.
  • a haloalkyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • haloalkoxy refers to a O-alkyl group in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by a halogen (e.g., mono-haloalkoxy, di- haloalkoxy and tri- haloalkoxy).
  • a halogen e.g., mono-haloalkoxy, di- haloalkoxy and tri- haloalkoxy.
  • Such groups include but are not limited to, chloromethoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 1 -chloro-2-fhioromethoxy and 2-fluoroisobutoxy.
  • a haloalkoxy can be -OR, wherein R is a Ci-4 alkyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogens.
  • a haloalkoxy may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • a “sulfenyl” group refers to an “-SR” group in which R can be hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl).
  • R can be hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl).
  • a sulfenyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • a sulfinyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • a “sulfonyl” group refers to an “SO2R” group in which R can be the same as defined with respect to sulfenyl.
  • a sulfonyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • R can be hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl), as defined herein.
  • An O-carboxy may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • An ester and C-carboxy may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • a thiocarbonyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • a “trihalomethanesulfonyl” group refers to an “X3CSO2-” group wherein each X is a halogen.
  • a “trihalomethanesulfonamido” group refers to an “X3CS(O)2N(RA)-” group wherein each X is a halogen, and RA is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl).
  • RA is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl).
  • hydroxy refers to a -OH group.
  • a “thiocyanato” group refers to a “-SCN” group.
  • An “isothiocyanate” group refers to an “ -NCS” group.
  • a “mercapto” group refers to an “-SH” group.
  • S-sulfonamido refers to a “-SO2N(RARB)” group in which RA and RB can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl).
  • RA and RB can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl).
  • An S-sulfonamido may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • N- sulfonamide refers to a “RSO2N(RA)-” group in which R and RA can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl).
  • R and RA can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl).
  • An N-sulfonamido may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • RA and RB can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl).
  • An O-carbamyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • An O-thiocarbamyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • R and RA can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl).
  • An N-thiocarbamyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • RA and RB can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl).
  • a C-amido may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • R and RA can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl).
  • An N-amido may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • a “mono-substituted amine” refers to a “-NHRA” in which RA can be independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl).
  • a mono-substituted amine may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • a mono-substituted amine can be -NHRA, wherein RA can be an unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl or an unsubstituted or a substituted benzyl.
  • a “di-substituted amine” refers to a “-NRARB” in which RA and RB can be independently can be independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl).
  • a mono-substituted amine may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • a mono-substituted amine can be -NRARB, wherein RA and RB can be independently an unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl or an unsubstituted or a substituted benzyl.
  • halogen atom or “halogen” as used herein, means any one of the radio-stable atoms of column 7 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, such as, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • substituents there may be one or more substituents present.
  • haloalkyl may include one or more of the same or different halogens.
  • C1-C3 alkoxyphenyl may include one or more of the same or different alkoxy groups containing one, two or three atoms.
  • compositions can also be obtained by reacting a compound with an organic acid such as aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic or sulfonic acids, for example formic, acetic, succinic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, nicotinic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, salicylic or naphthalenesulfonic acid.
  • organic acid such as aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic or sulfonic acids
  • Pharmaceutical salts can also be obtained by reacting a compound with a base to form a salt such as an ammonium salt (for example, ammonium or triethylammonium salt), an alkali metal salt, such as a lithium, a sodium or a potassium salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, such as a calcium or a magnesium salt, a salt of organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine, C1-C7 alkylamine, cyclohexylamine, triethanolamine, ethylenediamine, and salts with amino acids such as arginine and lysine.
  • a salt such as an ammonium salt (for example, ammonium or triethylammonium salt), an alkali metal salt, such as a lithium, a sodium or a potassium salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, such as a calcium or a magnesium salt, a salt of organic bases such as dicyclohe
  • the term “comprising” is to be interpreted synonymously with the phrases “having at least” or “including at least”.
  • the term “comprising” means that the compound or composition includes at least the recited features or components, but may also include additional features or components.
  • each center may independently be of (Reconfiguration or (S)-configuration or a mixture thereof.
  • the compounds provided herein may be enantiomerically pure, enantiomerically enriched, racemic mixture, diastereomerically pure, diastereomerically enriched or a stereoisomeric mixture.
  • each double bond may independently be E or Z a mixture thereof.
  • all tautomeric forms are also intended to be included.
  • valencies are to be filled with hydrogens or isotopes thereof, e.g., hydrogen- 1 (protium) and hydrogen-2 (deuterium).
  • each chemical element as represented in a compound structure may include any isotope of said element.
  • a hydrogen atom may be explicitly disclosed or understood to be present in the compound.
  • the hydrogen atom can be any isotope of hydrogen, including but not limited to hydrogen- 1 (protium) and hydrogen-2 (deuterium).
  • reference herein to a compound encompasses all potential isotopic forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
  • X 2 can be selected from CH, C-halo and N (nitrogen);
  • X 3 can be selected from CH, C-halo, N (nitrogen) and C-OR Z1 ;
  • Y 1 can be selected from CH, C-halo and N(nitrogen);
  • Y 2 can be selected from CH, C-halo and N(nitrogen);
  • R la can be selected from -C1-4 alkyl, -C1-4 haloalkyl,
  • R nl can be selected from hydrogen, -C1-4 alkyl, -C1-4 haloalkyl and — CH 2 (C 2 -6 monocyclic cycloalkyl);
  • R lc can be selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OH, -CN, -CH3, -C 2 -4 alkyl and -C2-4 haloalkyl;
  • R ld can be selected from hydrogen, -Ci- 2 alkyl and -Ci- 2 haloalkyl;
  • R le can be selected from hydrogen, -Ci- 2 alkyl and -C1-2 haloalkyl;
  • R lf can be selected from hydrogen, -Ci- 2 alkyl and -Ci- 2 haloalkyl;
  • R lg can be selected from hydrogen, -Ci- 2 alkyl and -Ci- 2 haloalkyl;
  • R lh can be selected from hydrogen, -Ci- 2 alkyl
  • Ci-4 alkyls include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
  • Ci-4 alkyls include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
  • R Z2 can be H.
  • R Z2 can be -C1-4 alkyl substituted by hydroxy (such as -(CIE ⁇ OH).
  • R Z2 can be -Ci-4 alkyl substituted by -OR Z4 , wherein R Z4 can be -Ci-4 alkyl (such as -(CIE ⁇ OCHs).
  • Embodiment 27
  • Embodiment 33 The compound of Embodiment 31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R nl can be hydrogen.
  • Embodiment 33
  • R lm and R ln can be each hydrogen.
  • R 4c can be -C1-2 haloalkyl, such as -CF3, -CHF 2 , -CH2F -CCI3, -CHC12, -CH2CI, -CH2CF3 or -CH2CHF2.
  • Embodiment 67 The compound of any one of Embodiments 63-65, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the halogen can be chloro.
  • Embodiment 67 The compound of any one of Embodiments 63-65, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the halogen can be chloro.
  • a pharmaceutical composition that can include an effective amount of a compound of any one of Embodiments 1-69, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and excipient.
  • a method for treating hepatitis B in a subject that can include administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one of Embodiments 1-69, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 72
  • a method for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a subject that can include administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one of Embodiments 1-69, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • HCC hepatocellular carcinoma
  • the compound of any one of Embodiments 74-75, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the use can further include administering surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy and/or antiviral therapy.
  • any one of Embodiments 77-78, wherein the medicament can be for use in combination with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy and/or antiviral therapy.
  • a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof Y 1 cannot be C-halo, such as C-F.
  • a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof Y 1 cannot be C-halo, such as C-F.
  • references to Formula (I), along with pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof, include all other sub-groups and examples thereof as provided herein.
  • the general preparations of some representative examples of compounds of Formula (I) are described herein, and are generally prepared from starting materials which are either commercially available or prepared by standard synthetic processes used by those skilled in the art.
  • compositions that comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of an effective amount of a compound described herein (such as a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, or combination thereof.
  • a pharmaceutical composition described herein is suitable for human and/or veterinary applications.
  • an effective amount of compound can be the amount needed to alleviate or ameliorate symptoms of disease or prolong the survival of the subject being treated This response may occur in a tissue, system, animal or human and includes alleviation of the signs or symptoms of the disease being treated. Determination of an effective amount is well within the capability of those skilled in the art, in view of the disclosure provided herein.
  • the effective amount of the compounds disclosed herein required as a dose will depend on the route of administration, the type of animal, including human, being treated, and the physical characteristics of the specific animal under consideration. The dose can be tailored to achieve a desired effect, but will depend on such factors as weight, diet, concurrent medication and other factors which those skilled in the medical arts will recognize.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts includes relatively non-toxic, inorganic and organic acid, or base addition salts of compositions, including without limitation, analgesic agents, therapeutic agents, other materials, and the like.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those derived from mineral acids, such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and those derived from organic acids, such as ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like.
  • suitable inorganic bases for the formation of salts include the hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates of ammonia, sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, and the like.
  • Salts may also be formed with suitable organic bases, including those that are non-toxic and strong enough to form such salts.
  • the class of such organic bases may include but are not limited to mono-, di-, and trialkylamines, including methylamine, dimethylamine, and triethylamine; mono-, di- or trihydroxyalkylamines including mono-, di-, and triethanolamine; amino acids, including glycine, arginine and lysine; guanidine; N- methylglucosamine; N-methylglucamine; L-glutamine; N-methylpiperazine; morpholine; ethylenediamine; N-benzylphenethylamine; trihydroxymethyl aminoethane.
  • ‘Formulation”, “pharmaceutical composition”, and “composition” as used interchangeably herein are equivalent terms referring to a composition of matter for administration to a subject.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable means compatible with the treatment of a subject, and in particular, a human.
  • agent refers to an active agent that has biological activity and may be used in a therapy.
  • an “agent” can be synonymous with “at least one agent,” “compound,” or “at least one compound,” and can refer to any form of the agent, such as a derivative, analog, salt or a prodrug thereof.
  • the agent can be present in various forms, components of molecular complexes, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts (e.g., hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, borates, acetates, maleates, tartrates, and salicylates).
  • the term “agent” can also refer to any pharmaceutical molecules or compounds, therapeutic molecules or compounds, matrix forming molecules or compounds, polymers, synthetic molecules and compounds, natural molecules and compounds, and any combination thereof.
  • subject as used herein has its ordinary meaning as understood in light of the specification and refers to an animal that is the object of treatment, inhibition, or amelioration, observation or experiment.
  • Animal has its ordinary meaning as understood in light of the specification and includes cold- and warm-blooded vertebrates and/or invertebrates such as fish, shellfish or reptiles and, in particular, mammals.
  • mammal has its ordinary meaning as understood in light of the specification, and includes but is not limited to mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, cats, sheep, goats, cows, horses, primates, such as humans, monkeys, chimpanzees or apes. In some embodiments, the subject is human.
  • compositions will generally be tailored to the specific intended route of administration.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions can also be administered to isolated cells from a patient or individual, such as T cells, Natural Killer cells, B cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, stem cells, bone marrow cells or hematopoietic stem cells.
  • the pharmaceutical compound can also be administered in a local rather than systemic manner, for example, via injection of the compound directly into an organ, tissue, cancer, tumor or infected area, often in a depot or sustained release formulation.
  • a targeted drug delivery system for example, in a liposome coated with a tissue specific antibody.
  • the liposomes may be targeted to and taken up selectively by the organ, tissue, cancer, tumor or infected area.
  • compositions disclosed herein may be manufactured in a manner that is itself known, e.g., by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping or tableting processes.
  • compounds used in a pharmaceutical composition may be provided as salts with pharmaceutically compatible counterions.
  • a “carrier” refers to a compound, particle, solid, semi-solid, liquid or diluent that facilitates the passage, delivery and/or incorporation of a compound to cells, tissues and/or bodily organs.
  • a lipid nanoparticle is a type of carrier that can encapsulate a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein to thereby protect the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein from degradation during passage through the bloodstream and/or to facilitate delivery to a desired organ, such as to the liver.
  • a “diluent” refers to an ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition that lacks pharmacological activity but may be pharmaceutically necessary or desirable.
  • a diluent may be used to increase the bulk of a potent drug whose mass is too small for manufacture and/or administration. It may also be a liquid for the dissolution of a drug to be administered by injection, ingestion or inhalation.
  • a common form of diluent in the art is a buffered aqueous solution such as, without limitation, phosphate buffered saline that mimics the composition of human blood.
  • excipient has its ordinary meaning as understood in light of the specification, and refers to inert substances, compounds or materials added to a pharmaceutical composition to provide, without limitation, bulk, consistency, stability, binding ability, lubrication, disintegrating ability etc., to the composition.
  • Excipients with desirable properties include but are not limited to preservatives, adjuvants, stabilizers, solvents, buffers, diluents, solubilizing agents, detergents, surfactants, chelating agents, antioxidants, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, salts, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium borate, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate sugars, dextrose, fructose, mannose, lactose, galactose, sucrose, sorbitol, cellulose, serum, amino acids, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, sodium deoxycholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, magnesium stearate, octylphenol ethoxylate, benzethonium chloride, thimerosal, gelatin, esters, ethers, 2-phenoxyethanol, urea or vitamins,
  • the amount of the excipient may be found in a pharmaceutical composition at a percentage of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 100% w/w or any percentage by weight in a range defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers.
  • adjuvant refers to a substance, compound or material that stimulates the immune response and increase the efficacy of protective immunity and is administered in conjunction with an immunogenic antigen, epitope or composition.
  • Adjuvants serve to improve immune responses by enabling a continual release of antigen, upregulation of cytokines and chemokines, cellular recruitment at the site of administration, increased antigen uptake and presentation in antigen presenting cells, or activation of antigen presenting cells and inflammasomes.
  • adjuvants include but are not limited to alum, aluminum salts, aluminum sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, calcium phosphate hydroxide, potassium aluminum sulfate, oils, mineral oil, paraffin oil, oil-in-water emulsions, detergents, MF59®, squalene, AS03, a-tocopherol, polysorbate 80, AS04, monophosphoryl lipid A, virosomes, nucleic acids, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, saponins, QS-21, proteins, flagellin, cytokines, chemokines, IL-1, IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, imidazoquinolines, CpG oligonucleotides, lipids, phospholipids, dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), trehalose dimycolate, peptidoglycans, bacterial extracts, lip
  • purity of any given substance, compound or material as used herein refers to the actual abundance of the substance, compound or material relative to the expected abundance.
  • the substance, compound or material may be at least 80, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 or 100% pure, including all decimals in between. Purity may be affected by unwanted impurities, including but not limited to side products, isomers, enantiomers, degradation products, solvent, carrier, vehicle or contaminants, or any combination thereof.
  • Purity can be measured technologies including but not limited to chromatography, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, spectroscopy, UV-visible spectrometry, infrared spectrometry, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, gravimetry or titration, or any combination thereof.
  • a patient is selected who is in need of treatment, inhibition, amelioration, prevention or slowing of diseases or conditions associated with PD-L1 dysregulation.
  • diseases or conditions associated with PD-L1 dysregulation may include, for example, cancer, HCC, viral infections and/or HBV.
  • a subject can be selected who has previously been treated for the disease or disorder described herein.
  • a subject can be selected who has previously been treated for being at risk for the disease or disorder described herein.
  • a subject can be selected who has developed a recurrence of the disease or disorder described herein.
  • a subject can be selected who has developed resistance to therapies for the disease or disorder described herein.
  • a subject can be selected who may have any combination of the aforementioned selection criteria.
  • Compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, disclosed herein can be evaluated for efficacy and toxicity using known methods.
  • a non-limiting list of potential advantages of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein include improved stability, increased safety profile, increased efficacy, increased binding to the target, increased specificity for the target (for example, a cancer cell or virally infected cell).
  • treating has its ordinary meaning as understood in light of the specification, and do not necessarily mean total cure or abolition of the disease or condition.
  • treating or “treatment” as used herein (and as well understood in the art) also means an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired results in a subject's condition, including clinical results.
  • Beneficial or desired clinical results can include, but are not limited to, alleviation or amelioration of one or more symptoms or conditions, diminishment of the extent of a disease, stabilizing (i.e., not worsening) the state of disease, prevention of a disease's transmission or spread, delaying or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, diminishment of the reoccurrence of disease, and remission, whether partial or total and whether detectable or undetectable.
  • Treating” and “treatment” as used herein also include prophylactic treatment. Treatment methods comprise administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of an active agent. The administering step may consist of a single administration or may comprise a series of administrations.
  • compositions are administered to the subject in an amount and for a duration sufficient to treat the subject.
  • the length of the treatment period depends on a variety of factors, such as the severity of the condition, the age and genetic profile of the subject, the concentration of active agent, the activity of the compositions used in the treatment, or a combination thereof.
  • the effective dosage of an agent used for the treatment or prophylaxis may increase or decrease over the course of a particular treatment or prophylaxis regime. Changes in dosage may result and become apparent by standard diagnostic assays known in the art. In some instances, chronic administration may be required.
  • Some embodiments described herein relate to a method of treating, inhibiting, ameliorating, preventing or slowing the disease or disorder described herein.
  • the methods include administering to a subject identified as suffering from the disease or disorder described herein an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein.
  • Other embodiments described herein relate to using a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, inhibiting ameliorating, preventing, or slowing the disease or disorder described herein.
  • Still other embodiments described herein relate to the use of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein for treating, inhibiting ameliorating, preventing, or slowing the disease or disorder described herein.
  • Some embodiments described herein relate to a method for inhibiting replication of a cancer cell or a virus that can include contacting the cell or virus or administering to a subject identified as suffering from a cancer or a viral infection with an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein.
  • Other embodiments described herein relate to the use of an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting replication of a cancer cell or virus.
  • Still other embodiments described herein relate to an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein for inhibiting replication of a cancer cell or virus.
  • the cancer cell is an HCC cell.
  • the virus is hepatitis B.
  • Some embodiments described herein relate to a method for inhibiting cell proliferation, such as inhibiting cell proliferation of a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus, that can include administering to a subject identified as suffering from a disease wherein inhibiting cell proliferation is desirable with an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein.
  • inventions described herein relate to the use of an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting cell proliferation, such as inhibiting cell proliferation of a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus. Still other embodiments described herein relate to an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein for inhibiting cell proliferation, such as inhibiting cell proliferation of a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus.
  • the cancer cell is an HCC cell.
  • the cell infected with a virus is infected with hepatitis B virus.
  • Some embodiments described herein relate to a method of inducing apoptosis of a cell (for example, a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus) that can include contacting the cell with an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein.
  • Some embodiments described herein relate to a method of decreasing the viability of a cell (for example, a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus) that can include contacting the cell with an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein.
  • Other embodiments described herein relate to using a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for decreasing the viability of a cell, such as a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus.
  • Still other embodiments described herein relate to the use of an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein for decreasing the viability of a cell, such as a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus.
  • a cell such as a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus.
  • the cancer cell is an HCC cell.
  • the cell infected with a virus is infected with hepatitis B virus.
  • An effective therapeutic daily amount would be from about 0.005 mg /kg to 50 mg/kg. in particular 0.01 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg body weight, more in particular from 0.01 mg/kg to 25 mg/kg body weight, preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 15 mg/kg, more preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, even more preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg, most preferably from about 0.05 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg body weight.
  • the effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein is dosed more than one time.
  • the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein can be administered every 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days, or 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks, or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 months, or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 years, or any period or combination thereof within the range defined by any two aforementioned times.
  • at least one loading dose and at least one maintenance dose is administered to the subject, where the at least one loading dose is a higher dose of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein than the at least one maintenance dose.
  • references to “combination therapy”, “combinations” and the use of compounds/agents “in combination” in this application may refer to compounds/agents that are administered as part of the same overall treatment regimen.
  • the dosage or timing of each of the two or more compounds/agents may differ: each may be administered at the same time or at different times.
  • the compounds/agents of the combination may be administered sequentially (e.g. before or after) or simultaneously, either in the same pharmaceutical formulation (i.e. together), or in different pharmaceutical formulations (i.e. separately).
  • Cancer may be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy or hormonal therapies. Any of these mentioned therapies may be used in conjunction with another therapy as a combination therapy.
  • Chemotherapeutic compounds include, but are not limited to, alemtuzumab, altretamine, azacitidine, bendamustine, bleomycin, bortezomib, busulfan, cabazitaxel, capecitabine, carboplatin, carmofur, carmustine, chlorambucil, chlormethine, cisplatin, cladribine, clofarabine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, decitabine, denosumab, docetaxel, doxorubicin, epirubicin, estramustine, etoposide, everolimus, floxuridine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, fotemustine
  • protein kinase inhibitor refers to inhibitors of protein kinases, serine/threonine kinases, tyrosine kinases, or dual-specificity kinases for the treatment of cancer or other illness.
  • the protein kinase inhibitor can be a small molecule, compound, polysaccharide, lipid, peptide, polypeptide, protein, antibody, nucleoside, nucleoside analog, nucleotide, nucleotide analog, nucleic acid or oligonucleotide (along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing).
  • checkpoint inhibitor refers to an immunotherapy that targets immune checkpoints to stimulate immune function.
  • the checkpoint inhibitor can be a small molecule, compound, polysaccharide, lipid, peptide, polypeptide, protein, antibody, nucleoside, nucleoside analog, nucleotide, nucleotide analog, nucleic acid or oligonucleotide (along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing).
  • the immune checkpoint can be the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint.
  • the immune checkpoint can be the CTLA-4 checkpoint.
  • CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitors includes, but is not limited to, ipilimumab and tremilimumab, or any combination thereof (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing).
  • VEGF inhibitor includes, but is not limited to, aflibercept, axitinib, bevacizumab, brivanib, cabozantinib, cediranib, lenvatinib, linifinib, nintedanib, pazopanib, ponatinib, ramucirumab, regorafenib, semaxanib, sorafenib, sunitinib, tivozanib, toceranib and vandetanib, or any combination thereof (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing).
  • the term “antiviral medication” refers to a pharmaceutical composition administered to treat a viral infection.
  • the viral infection can be caused by adenovirus, Ebola virus, coronavirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Friend virus, hantavirus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human metapneumovirus, human papillomavirus (HPV), influenza virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, parainfluenza virus, rabies virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus and/or varicella zoster virus.
  • antiviral medications include, but is not limited to, AB-423, AB-506, ABI-H2158, vebicorvir (ABI-HO731), acyclovir, adapromine, adefovir, adefovir dipivoxil, alafenamide, amantadine, asunaprevir, baloxavir marboxil, beclabuvir, boceprevir, brivudine, cidofovir, ciluprevir, clevudine, cytarabine, daclatasvir, danoprevir, dasabuvir, deleobuvir, dipivoxil, edoxudine, elbasvir, entecavir, faldaprevir, famciclovir, favipiravir, filibuvir, fomivirsen, foscarnet, galidesivir, ganciclovir, glecaprevir, GLS4,
  • % w/w or “% wt/wt” as used herein has its ordinary meaning as understood in light of the specification and refers to a percentage expressed in terms of the weight of the ingredient or agent over the total weight of the composition multiplied by 100.
  • % v/v or “% vol/vol” as used herein has its ordinary meaning as understood in the light of the specification and refers to a percentage expressed in terms of the liquid volume of the compound, substance, ingredient or agent over the total liquid volume of the composition multiplied by 100.
  • rt means room temperature
  • Me means methyl
  • MeOH means methanol
  • Et means ethyl
  • EtOH means ethanol
  • NaH means sodium hydride
  • NaBH(AcO)3 or “NaBH(Oac)3” means sodium triacetoxyborohydride
  • NBS means N-bromosuccinimide
  • AIBN means azobisisobutyronitrile
  • EtOAc means ethyl acetate
  • TAA or “EtsN” means tri ethylamine
  • DCM means dichloromethane
  • MeNEDML means methylhydrazine
  • MeNlLHCI means methylamine hydrochloride
  • DMF means dimethyl formamide
  • DMA means dimethyl formamide
  • DMA means dimethyl formamide
  • DMA means dimethyl formamide
  • DMA means dimethyl formamide
  • DMA means dimethyl formamide
  • DMA means di
  • Intermediate 16A 1 H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-J) 5 5.60-5.15 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.20 (m, 6H), 1.99-1.76 (m, 4H), 1.57-1.36 (m, 9H).
  • Intermediate 16B MS: ES m/z calculated for Ci2H 2 iN 3 NaO3[M+Na] + 278.2, found 278.3.
  • Intermediate ISA’s retention time was 1.54 min
  • Intermediate 18B’s retention time was 1.72 min.
  • the chiral centers of Intermediate 18A marked with asterisks are assigned as (S,S), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (R, S), (RJ't) or (5,7?) once the absolute configuration is determined.
  • the chiral centers of Intermediate 18B marked with asterisks are assigned as (R, 5), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (5,5), (7?, 7?) or (5,7?) once the absolute configuration is determined.
  • the chiral centers of Intermediate 19A marked with asterisks are assigned as (A /?), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (/ ⁇ /?), (S,S) or (R, S) once the absolute configuration is determined.
  • the chiral centers of Intermediate 19B marked with asterisks are assigned as (R,R), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (S, R), (R, S) or (S,S) once the absolute configuration is determined.
  • Intermediate 23 was separated by SFC to give Intermediate 23A (22 mg) as a colorless oil and Intermediate 23B (24 mg) as a colorless oil.
  • Analytic SFC conditions Cold: Chiralpak AS-3 50 x 4.6 mm I.D., 3 pm; Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: isopropanol (0.05% DEA); Gradient: from 5% to 40% of B in 2.5 min and hold 40% for 0.5 min, then 5% ofB for 1 min; Flow rate: 4.0 mL/min; Column temp.: 35 °C; ABPR: 1500 psi), Compound 23A’s retention time was 1.61 min, and Compound 23B’s retention time was 2.19 min.
  • the chiral centers of Intermediate 23A marked with asterisks are assigned as (S, R), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (S,S), (RJ't) or (R, S) once the absolute configuration is determined.
  • the chiral centers of Intermediate 23B marked with asterisks are assigned as (A, A), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (S, R), (R,S) or (S,S) once the absolute configuration is determined.
  • Intermediate 24 (0.17 g) was purified by SFC to give Intermediate 24A (0.06 g) as a white solid and Intermediate 24B (0.04 g) as a white solid.
  • SFC Seumn: Chiralpak IG 50 x 4.6 mm I.D., 3 pm; Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: isopropanol (0.05% DEA); Gradient: from 5% to 40% of B in 2.5 min and hold 40% for 0.5 min, then 5% ofB for 1 min; Flow rate: 4.0 mL/min; Column temp.: 35 °C; ABPR: 1500 psi), Intermediate 24A’s retention time was 1.57 min, and Intermediate 24B’s retention time was 1.77 is min.
  • the chiral centers of Intermediate 24A marked with asterisks are assigned as (S,S), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (R, S), (SJi) or (/?,/?) once the absolute configuration is determined.
  • the chiral centers of Intermediate 24B marked with asterisks are assigned as (R, S), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (S,S), (RJ't) or (5,7?) once the absolute configuration is determined.
  • Compound B-45 was prepared by an analogous reaction protocol as was used for the preparation of Compound B-l using the appropriate starting materials,
  • HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
  • MS Mass Spectrometer
  • the reported molecular ion corresponds to the [M+H] + (protonated molecule) and/or [M- H]'(deprotonated molecule).
  • the type of adduct is specified (i.e. [M+NH4] , [M+Na] + , [M+HCOO]', etc.).
  • the reported value is the one obtained for the lowest isotope mass. All results were obtained with experimental uncertainties that are commonly associated with the method used.
  • SQL Single Quadrupole Detector
  • MSD Mass Selective Detector
  • RT room temperature
  • BEH bridged ethylsiloxane/silica hybrid
  • DAD Diode Array Detector
  • HSS High Strength silica
  • Q-Tof Quadrupole Time-off light mass spectrometers CLND
  • Anti- 6xHis Acceptor beads (final concentration 20 ug/mL) were added to the wells, and the incubation continued for 1 h.
  • Streptavidin Donor beads (final concentration 20 ug/mL) were added at reduced light. The plates were sealed with foil and incubated in the dark for additional 1 h or overnight before reading on an Envision reader. The IC50 values were determined by fitting the curves using a four-parameter equation in GraphPad Prism 8.
  • CHO cells expressing surface-bound anti-CD3 antibodies and PD-L1 were first seeded overnight and treated with the compounds.
  • Jurkat cells overexpressing PD-1 and a luciferase construct under NFAT promoter were then immediately seeded on the monolayer of CHO cells.
  • the co-culture was then incubated for 6 h at 37 °C.
  • Luciferase activity was assessed by adding the ONE-Glo reagent and measuring luminescence with a plate reader. EC50 values were determined from the fit of the dose-response curves.

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Abstract

The present disclosure relates to compounds that can be useful as inhibitors of PD-1, PD-Ll or the PD-1/PD-Ll interaction. Also disclosed herein are pharmaceutical compositions of that can include a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and uses of or methods of using a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of PD-L1 related diseases including, but not limited to, liver diseases, cancer (for example, hepatocellular carcinoma) and/or viral diseases, such as hepatitis B.

Description

PD-L1 COMPOUNDS WITH A BICYCLIC GROUP
FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology and medicine. The present disclosure related to compounds that can be useful as inhibitors of PD-1, PD-L1 or the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Also disclosed herein are pharmaceutical compositions of compounds described herein and uses of or methods of using the compounds for the treatment of PD-L1 related diseases including but not limited to liver diseases, cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, viral diseases, or hepatitis B.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint expressed on the surface of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells controls an inhibitory mechanism to prevent autoimmunity. Engagement of PD-1 by programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed on the multitude of cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells as well as cancer cells induces T cell exhaustion resulting in reduction or loss of effector cytokine production (e.g. IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ) and upregulation of other inhibitory receptors and immune checkpoints (e.g. CTLA-4, LAG-3, and BTLA) or T cell apoptosis. High expression ofPD-L1 is exhibited by many types of cancers to escape tumor immune surveillance and has been associated with poorer prognosis. PD-1 -mediated immunosuppression is also linked to some viral infections, such as hepatitis B. There is an ongoing need for PD-1/PD-L1 therapies and improvements thereof for the treatment of disease.
SUMMARY
[0003] Some embodiments disclosed herein relate to a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0004] Some embodiments disclosed herein relate to a pharmaceutical composition that can contain an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0005] Some embodiments described herein relate to a method of treating a HBV and/or HDV infection that can include administering to a subject identified as suffering from the HBV and/or HDV infection an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein. Other embodiments described herein relate to a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein for the use of treating a HBV and/or HDV infection.
[0006] Some embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method of inhibiting replication of HBV and/or HDV that can include contacting a cell infected with the HBV and/or HDV with an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein. Other embodiments described herein relate to a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein for the use of inhibiting the replication HBV and/or HDV.
[0007] These and other embodiments are described in greater detail below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] Figures 1A and IB show the absolute configuration structure and ORTEP crystal structure of the chloride salt of Intermediate 9B.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0009] Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer. HCC can be caused by a variety of conditions, such as alcohol consumption, cirrhosis, and viral infections that cause hepatitis, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis D virus. The inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis linked with these conditions can induce malignancies in affected liver cells. HCC has relatively poor prognosis, with a five-year survival rate of about 30%, depending on if full surgical resection of the tumor is possible.
[0010] For early disease, surgical resection is used. However, most HCC are identified at later stages because of difficulties in diagnosing. Upon late-stage diagnosis, the tumors are unresectable and most patients are given systemic therapies. The current standard of care in front line are multi-kinase inhibitors (including, for example, sorafenib and/or lenvatinib). Most patients are refractory or relapse from these treatments, and undergo second line therapies that have anti-angiogenic agents (including, for example, Regorafinib, Cabozantinib, and/or Ramicirumab) or immune checkpoint inhibitors (including, for example, nivolumab and/or pembrolizumab). However, most patients do not respond to first and second therapies, and the clinical benefit is poor, with overall survival not exceeding one year. In addition, biomarker driven therapies are lacking. Thus, there is a need to develop more tolerable and efficacious therapies for the treatment of HCC and related liver disorders.
[0011] HBV is a partially double-stranded circular DNA of about 3.2 kilobase (kb) pairs, and is classified into eight genotypes, A to H. The HBV replication pathway has been studied in great detail. One part of replication includes the formation of the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) form. The presence of the cccDNA gives rise to the risk of viral reemergence throughout the life of the host organism. HBV carriers can transmit the disease for many years. An estimated 300 million people are living with hepatitis B virus infection, and it is estimated that over 750,000 people worldwide die of hepatitis B each year. In addition, immunosuppressed individuals or individuals undergoing chemotherapy are especially at risk for reactivation of an HBV infection. HBV can be acute and/or chronic. Acute HBV infection can be either asymptomatic or present with symptomatic acute hepatitis.
[0012] HBV can be transmitted by blood, semen, and/or another body fluid. This can occur through direct blood-to-blood contact, unprotected sex, sharing of needles, and from an infected mother to her baby during the delivery process. The HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) is most frequently used to screen for the presence of this infection. Currently available medications do not cure HBV and/or HDV infection. Rather, the medications suppress replication of the virus.
[0013] The hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a DNA virus, also in the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. HDV can propagate only in the presence of HBV. The routes of transmission of HDV are similar to those for HBV. Transmission of HDV can occur either via simultaneous infection with HBV (coinfection) or in addition to chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis B carrier state (superinfection). Both superinfection and coinfection with HDV results in more severe complications compared to infection with HBV alone. These complications include a greater likelihood of experiencing liver failure in acute infections and a rapid progression to liver cirrhosis, with an increased risk of developing liver cancer in chronic infections. In combination with hepatitis B, hepatitis D has the highest fatality rate of all the hepatitis infections, at 20%. There is currently no cure or vaccine for hepatitis D.
[0014] Programmed cell death 1, or programmed death 1 (PD-1) is a 268 amino acid long type I transmembrane protein found as a surface marker on T cells and other immune cells. As an immune checkpoint, PD-1 serves to negatively regulate immune responses to prevent autoimmune disorder. PD-1 protein (NCBI accession number NP 005009.2) is expressed from the cluster of differentiation 279 (CD279) gene (NCBI accession number NG_012110.1) or mRNA transcript (NCBI accession number NM_005018.3). In some preferred embodiments, PD-1 is the human PD-1 protein, and CD279 is the human CD279 transcript or gene on chromosome 2. It should be understood that a person with ordinary skill in the art would view the terms PD-1 and CD279 as often nominally interchangeable when considering the nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) or corresponding translated protein, or the sequences thereof.
[0015] Programmed cell death-ligand 1, or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), also known as B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1) is 272 amino acid long type I transmembrane protein found as a surface marker on many different cell types. PD-L1 is a major ligand of PD-1 and results in inhibition of T cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Cancer cells such as HCC cells take advantage of this immune checkpoint by upregulating PD-L1 expression, resulting in dysfunctional anti-tumor immunity by proximal T cells. Viruses also have been observed to modulate the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to inhibit immune host response. Hepatitis B virus has been shown to upregulate PD-L1 in infected hepatocytes, and PD-1 in associated T cells. PD- L1 protein (NCBI accession number NP 054862.1) is expressed from the cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) transcript (NCBI accession number NM_014143.4). In some preferred embodiments, PD-L1 is the human PD-L1 protein, and CD274 is the human CD274 transcript or gene on chromosome 9. It should be understood that a person with ordinary skill in the art would view the terms PD-L1 and CD274 as often nominally interchangeable when considering the nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) or corresponding translated protein, or the sequences thereof. Definitions
[0016] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. All patents, applications, published applications and other publications referenced herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety unless stated otherwise. To the extent publications and patents or patent applications incorporated by reference contradict the disclosure contained in the specification, the specification is intended to supersede and/or take precedence over any such contradictory material. In the event that there are a plurality of definitions for a term herein, those in this section prevail unless stated otherwise.
[0017] Whenever a group is described as being “optionally substituted” that group may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the indicated substituents. Likewise, when a group is described as being “unsubstituted or substituted” if substituted, the substituent(s) may be selected from one or more of the indicated substituents. If no substituents are indicated, it is meant that the indicated “optionally substituted” or “substituted” group may be substituted with one or more group(s) (such as 1, 2 or 3 groups) individually and independently selected from deuterium, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl), (heterocyclyl)alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, acyl, cyano, halogen, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, O-thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-amido, N-amido, S-sulfonamido, N- sulfonamide, C-carboxy, O-carboxy, isocyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, nitro, azido, silyl, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, trihalomethanesulfonyl, trihalomethanesulfonamido, an amino, a mono-substituted amine and a di-substituted amine.
[0018] As used herein, “Ca to Cb”, “Ca-Cb” or “Ca-b” in which “a” and “b” are integers refer to the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, or the number of carbon atoms in the ring of a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl group. That is, the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, ring of the cycloalkyl, ring of the cycloalkenyl, ring of the aryl, ring of the heteroaryl or ring of the heterocyclyl can contain from “a” to “b”, inclusive, carbon atoms. Thus, for example, a “Ci to C4 alkyl” group refers to all alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbons, that is, CH3-, CH3CH2-, CH3CH2CH2-, (Clfc^CH-, CH3CH2CH2CH2-, CH3CH2CH(CH3)- and (Clfc^C-. If no “a” and “b” are designated with regard to an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl group, the broadest range described in these definitions is to be assumed.
[0019] As used herein, “alkyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain that comprises a fully saturated (no double or triple bonds) hydrocarbon group. The alkyl group may have 1 to 20 carbon atoms (whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “1 to 20” refers to each integer in the given range; e.g., “1 to 20 carbon atoms” means that the alkyl group may consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, etc., up to and including 20 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkyl” where no numerical range is designated). The alkyl group may also be a medium size alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The alkyl group could also be a lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The alkyl group of the compounds may be designated as “C1-C4 alkyl” or similar designations. By way of example only, “C1-C4 alkyl” indicates that there are one to four carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, i.e., the alkyl chain is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and t-butyl. Typical alkyl groups include, but are in no way limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl and hexyl. The alkyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0020] As used herein, “alkenyl” refers to an alkyl group that contains in the straight or branched hydrocarbon chain one or more double bonds. The length of an alkenyl can vary. For example, the alkenyl can be a C2-4 alkenyl, C2-6 alkenyl or C2-8 alkenyl. Examples of alkenyl groups include allenyl, vinylmethyl and ethenyl. An alkenyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted.
[0021] As used herein, “alkynyl” refers to an alkyl group that contains in the straight or branched hydrocarbon chain one or more triple bonds. The length of an alkynyl can vary. For example, the alkynyl can be a C2-4 alkynyl, C2-6 alkynyl or C2-8 alkynyl. Examples of alkynyls include ethynyl and propynyl. An alkynyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted.
[0022] As used herein, “cycloalkyl” refers to a completely saturated (no double or triple bonds) mono- or multi- cyclic hydrocarbon ring system. When composed of two or more rings, the rings may be joined together in a fused fashion. Cycloalkyl groups can contain 3 to 10 atoms in the ring(s). 3 to 8 atoms in the ring(s) or 3 to 6 atoms in the ring(s). A cycloalkyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted. Typical cycloalkyl groups include, but are in no way limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.
[0023] As used herein, “cycloalkenyl” refers to a mono- or multi- cyclic hydrocarbon ring system that contains one or more double bonds in at least one ring; although, if there is more than one, the double bonds cannot form a fully delocalized pi-electron system throughout all the rings (otherwise the group would be “aryl,” as defined herein). When composed of two or more rings, the rings may be connected together in a fused fashion. A cycloalkenyl can contain 3 to 10 atoms in the ring(s) or 3 to 8 atoms in the ring(s). A cycloalkenyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted.
[0024] As used herein, “aryl” refers to a carbocyclic (all carbon) monocyclic or multicyclic aromatic ring system (including fused ring systems where two carbocyclic rings share a chemical bond) that has a fully delocalized pi-electron system throughout all the rings. The number of carbon atoms in an aryl group can vary. For example, the aryl group can be a Ce-Ci4 aryl group, a Ce-Cio aryl group, or a Ce aryl group. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, benzene, naphthalene and azulene. An aryl group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0025] As used herein, “heteroaryl” refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic aromatic ring system (a ring system with fully delocalized pi-electron system) that contain(s) one or more heteroatoms (for example, 1 to 5 heteroatoms), that is, an element other than carbon, including but not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The number of atoms in the ring(s) of a heteroaryl group can vary. For example, the heteroaryl group can contain 4 to 14 atoms in the ring(s), 5 to 10 atoms in the ring(s) or 5 to 6 atoms in the ring(s). Furthermore, the term “heteroaryl” includes fused ring systems where two rings, such as at least one aryl ring and at least one heteroaryl ring, or at least two heteroaryl rings, share at least one chemical bond. Examples of heteroaryl rings include, but are not limited to, furan, furazan, thiophene, benzothiophene, phthalazine, pyrrole, oxazole, benzoxazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4- oxadiazole, thiazole, 1,2, 3 -thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, benzothiazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, indole, indazole, pyrazole, benzopyrazole, isoxazole, benzoisoxazole, isothiazole, triazole, benzotriazole, thiadiazole, tetrazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, purine, pteridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, cinnoline and triazine. A heteroaryl group may be substituted or unsubstituted. [0026] As used herein, “heterocyclyl” refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic ring system wherein carbon atoms together with from 1 to 5 heteroatoms constitute said ring system. A heterocycle may optionally contain one or more unsaturated bonds situated in such a way, however, that a fully delocalized pi-electron system does not occur throughout all the rings. The number of atoms in the ring(s) of a heterocyclyl group can vary. For example, the heterocyclyl group can contain 4 to 14 atoms in the ring(s), 5 to 10 atoms in the ring(s) or 5 to 6 atoms in the ring(s). The heteroatom(s) is an element other than carbon including, but not limited to, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen. A heterocycle may further contain one or more carbonyl or thiocarbonyl functionalities, so as to make the definition include oxo-systems and thio-systems such as lactams, lactones, cyclic imides, cyclic thioimides and cyclic carbamates. When composed of two or more rings, the rings may be joined together in a fused fashion. Additionally, any nitrogens in a heterocyclyl may be quaternized. Heterocyclyl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. Examples of such “heterocyclyl groups include but are not limited to, 1,3-dioxin, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dioxolane, 1,3 -di oxolane, 1,4-di oxolane, 1,3-oxathiane, 1 ,4-oxathiin, 1,3-oxathiolane, 1,3-dithiole, 1,3-dithiolane, 1 ,4-oxathiane, tetrahydro- 1 ,4-thiazine, 2H-l,2-oxazine, maleimide, succinimide, barbituric acid, thiobarbituric acid, dioxopiperazine, hydantoin, dihydrouracil, trioxane, hexahydro-1, 3,5- triazine, imidazoline, imidazolidine, isoxazoline, isoxazolidine, oxazoline, oxazolidine, oxazolidinone, thiazoline, thiazolidine, morpholine, oxirane, piperidine A-Oxide, piperidine, piperazine, pyrrolidine, pyrrolidone, pyrrolidione, 4-piperidone, pyrazoline, pyrazolidine, 2- oxopyrrolidine, tetrahydropyran, 4H-pyran, tetrahydrothiopyran, thiamorpholine, thiamorpholine sulfoxide, thiamorpholine sulfone and their benzo-fused analogs (e.g., tetrahydroquinoline and 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl).
[0027] As used herein, “aryl(alkyl)” refers to an aryl group connected, as a substituent, via a lower alkylene group. The lower alkylene and aryl group of an aryl(alkyl) may be substituted or unsubstituted. Examples include but are not limited to benzyl, 2- phenyl(alkyl), 3-phenyl(alkyl), and naphthyl(alkyl).
[0028] As used herein, “heteroaryl(alkyl)” refers to a heteroaryl group connected, as a substituent, via a lower alkylene group. The lower alkylene and heteroaryl group of heteroaryl(alkyl) may be substituted or unsubstituted. Examples include but are not limited to 2-thienyl(alkyl), 3-thienyl(alkyl), furyl(alkyl), thienyl(alkyl), pyrrolyl(alkyl), pyridyl(alkyl), isoxazolyl(alkyl), imidazolyl(alkyl) and their benzo-fused analogs.
[0029] A “(heterocyclyl)alkyl” refers to a heterocyclic group connected, as a substituent, via a lower alkylene group. The lower alkylene and heterocyclyl of a heterocyclyl(alkyl) may be substituted or unsubstituted. Examples include but are not limited tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl(methyl), piperidin-4-yl(ethyl), piperidin-4-yl(propyl), tetrahydro- 2H-thiopyran-4-yl(methyl) and l,3-thiazinan-4-yl(methyl).
[0030] ‘Lower alkylene groups” are straight-chained -CH2- tethering groups, forming bonds to connect molecular fragments via their terminal carbon atoms. In some embodiments, a lower alkylene can include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons. Examples include but are not limited to methylene (-CH2-), ethylene (-CH2CH2-), propylene (-CH2CH2CH2-) and butylene (-CH2CH2CH2CH2-). A lower alkylene group can be substituted by replacing one or more hydrogen of the lower alkylene group with a substituent(s) listed under the definition of “substituted.”
[0031] As used herein, “alkoxy” refers to the formula -OR wherein R is an alkyl, an alkenyl, an alkynyl, a cycloalkyl, a cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl) is defined herein. A non-limiting list of alkoxys are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1 -methylethoxy (isopropoxy), n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, phenoxy and benzoxy. In some instances, an alkoxy can be -OR wherein R is an unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl. An alkoxy may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0032] As used herein, “acyl” refers to a hydrogen an alkyl, an alkenyl, an alkynyl, a cycloalkyl, a cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl) connected, as substituents, via a carbonyl group. Examples include formyl, acetyl, propanoyl, benzoyl and acryl. An acyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0033] As used herein, “hydroxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl group in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxy group. Exemplary hydroxyalkyl groups include but are not limited to, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3 -hydroxy propyl, 2-hydroxypropyl and 2,2- dihydroxyethyl. A hydroxyalkyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0034] As used herein, “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl group in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by a halogen (e.g., mono-haloalkyl, di-haloalkyl and tri- haloalkyl). Such groups include but are not limited to, chloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1 -chloro-2-fluoromethyl and 2-fluoroisobutyl. A haloalkyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0035] As used herein, “haloalkoxy” refers to a O-alkyl group in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by a halogen (e.g., mono-haloalkoxy, di- haloalkoxy and tri- haloalkoxy). Such groups include but are not limited to, chloromethoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 1 -chloro-2-fhioromethoxy and 2-fluoroisobutoxy. In some instances, a haloalkoxy can be -OR, wherein R is a Ci-4 alkyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogens. A haloalkoxy may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0036] A “sulfenyl” group refers to an “-SR” group in which R can be hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl). A sulfenyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0037] A “sulfinyl” group refers to an “-S(=O)-R” group in which R can be the same as defined with respect to sulfenyl. A sulfinyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0038] A “sulfonyl” group refers to an “SO2R” group in which R can be the same as defined with respect to sulfenyl. A sulfonyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0039] An “O-carboxy” group refers to a “RC(=O)O-” group in which R can be hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl), as defined herein. An O-carboxy may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0040] The terms “ester” and “C-carboxy” refer to a “-C(=O)OR” group in which R can be the same as defined with respect to O-carboxy. An ester and C-carboxy may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0041] A “thiocarbonyl” group refers to a “-C(=S)R” group in which R can be the same as defined with respect to O-carboxy. A thiocarbonyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0042] A “trihalomethanesulfonyl” group refers to an “X3CSO2-” group wherein each X is a halogen.
[0043] A “trihalomethanesulfonamido” group refers to an “X3CS(O)2N(RA)-” group wherein each X is a halogen, and RA is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl). [0044] The term “amino” as used herein refers to a -NH2 group.
[0045] As used herein, the term “hydroxy” refers to a -OH group.
[0046] A “cyano” group refers to a “-CN” group.
[0047] The term “azido” as used herein refers to a -N3 group.
[0048] An “isocyanato” group refers to a “-NCO” group.
[0049] A “thiocyanato” group refers to a “-SCN” group.
[0050] An “isothiocyanate” group refers to an “ -NCS” group.
[0051] A “mercapto” group refers to an “-SH” group.
[0052] A “carbonyl” group refers to a -C(=O)- group.
[0053] An “S-sulfonamido” group refers to a “-SO2N(RARB)” group in which RA and RB can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl). An S-sulfonamido may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0054] An “N- sulfonamide” group refers to a “RSO2N(RA)-” group in which R and RA can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl). An N-sulfonamido may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0055] An “O-carbamyl” group refers to a “-OC(=O)N(RARB)” group in which RA and RB can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl). An O-carbamyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0056] An “N-carbamyl” group refers to an “R0C(=0)N(RA)-” group in which R and RA can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl). An N-carbamyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0057] An “O-thiocarbamyl” group refers to a “-OC(=S)-N(RARB)” group in which RA and RB can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl). An O-thiocarbamyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0058] An “N-thiocarbamyl” group refers to an “ROC(=S)N(RA)-” group in which R and RA can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl). An N-thiocarbamyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0059] A “C-amido” group refers to a “-C(=O)N(RARB)” group in which RA and RB can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl). A C-amido may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0060] An “N-amido” group refers to a “RC(=O)N(RA)-” group in which R and RA can be independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl). An N-amido may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0061] A “mono-substituted amine” refers to a “-NHRA” in which RA can be independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl). A mono-substituted amine may be substituted or unsubstituted. In some instances, a mono-substituted amine can be -NHRA, wherein RA can be an unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl or an unsubstituted or a substituted benzyl.
[0062] A “di-substituted amine” refers to a “-NRARB” in which RA and RB can be independently can be independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(alkyl), heteroaryl(alkyl) or heterocyclyl(alkyl). A mono-substituted amine may be substituted or unsubstituted. In some instances, a mono-substituted amine can be -NRARB, wherein RA and RB can be independently an unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl or an unsubstituted or a substituted benzyl.
[0063] The term “halogen atom” or “halogen” as used herein, means any one of the radio-stable atoms of column 7 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, such as, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
[0064] Where the number of substituents is not specified (e.g. haloalkyl), there may be one or more substituents present. For example, “haloalkyl” may include one or more of the same or different halogens. As another example, “C1-C3 alkoxyphenyl” may include one or more of the same or different alkoxy groups containing one, two or three atoms.
[0065] As used herein, the abbreviations for any protective groups, amino acids and other compounds, are, unless indicated otherwise, in accord with their common usage, recognized abbreviations, or the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (See, Biochem. 11:942-944 (1972)).
[0066] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt of a compound that does not cause significant irritation to an organism to which it is administered and does not abrogate the biological activity and properties of the compound. In some embodiments, the salt is an acid addition salt of the compound. Pharmaceutical salts can be obtained by reacting a compound with inorganic acids such as hydrohalic acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid), sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid. Pharmaceutical salts can also be obtained by reacting a compound with an organic acid such as aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic or sulfonic acids, for example formic, acetic, succinic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, nicotinic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, salicylic or naphthalenesulfonic acid. Pharmaceutical salts can also be obtained by reacting a compound with a base to form a salt such as an ammonium salt (for example, ammonium or triethylammonium salt), an alkali metal salt, such as a lithium, a sodium or a potassium salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, such as a calcium or a magnesium salt, a salt of organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine, C1-C7 alkylamine, cyclohexylamine, triethanolamine, ethylenediamine, and salts with amino acids such as arginine and lysine.
[0067] Terms and phrases used in this application, and variations thereof, especially in the appended claims, unless otherwise expressly stated, should be construed as open ended as opposed to limiting. As examples of the foregoing, the term ‘including’ should be read to mean ‘including, without limitation,’ ‘including but not limited to,’ or the like; the term ‘comprising’ as used herein is synonymous with ‘including,’ ‘containing,’ or ‘characterized by,’ and is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps; the term ‘having’ should be interpreted as ‘having at least; ’ the term ‘includes’ should be interpreted as ‘includes but is not limited to;’ the term ‘example’ is used to provide exemplary instances of the item in discussion, not an exhaustive or limiting list thereof. In addition, the term “comprising” is to be interpreted synonymously with the phrases "having at least" or "including at least". When used in the context of a compound or composition, the term "comprising" means that the compound or composition includes at least the recited features or components, but may also include additional features or components. [0068] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity. The indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality.
[0069] It is understood that, in any compound described herein having one or more chiral centers, if an absolute stereochemistry is not expressly indicated, then each center may independently be of (Reconfiguration or (S)-configuration or a mixture thereof. Thus, the compounds provided herein may be enantiomerically pure, enantiomerically enriched, racemic mixture, diastereomerically pure, diastereomerically enriched or a stereoisomeric mixture. In addition, it is understood that, in any compound described herein having one or more double bond(s) generating geometrical isomers that can be defined as E or Z, each double bond may independently be E or Z a mixture thereof. Likewise, it is understood that, in any compound described, all tautomeric forms are also intended to be included.
[0070] It is to be understood that where compounds disclosed herein have unfilled valencies, then the valencies are to be filled with hydrogens or isotopes thereof, e.g., hydrogen- 1 (protium) and hydrogen-2 (deuterium).
[0071] It is understood that the compounds described herein can be labeled isotopically. Substitution with isotopes such as deuterium may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, such as, for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements. Each chemical element as represented in a compound structure may include any isotope of said element. For example, in a compound structure a hydrogen atom may be explicitly disclosed or understood to be present in the compound. At any position of the compound that a hydrogen atom may be present, the hydrogen atom can be any isotope of hydrogen, including but not limited to hydrogen- 1 (protium) and hydrogen-2 (deuterium). Thus, reference herein to a compound encompasses all potential isotopic forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0072] Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that the upper and lower limit, and each intervening value between the upper and lower limit of the range is encompassed within the embodiments. Compounds
[0073] Examples of embodiments of the present application include the following:
Embodiment 1
[0074] A compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having the structure: selected from CH, C-halo and N (nitrogen); X2 can be selected from CH, C-halo and N (nitrogen); X3 can be selected from CH, C-halo, N (nitrogen) and C-ORZ1; Y1 can be selected from CH, C-halo and N(nitrogen); Y2 can be selected from CH, C-halo and N(nitrogen); Rla can be selected from -C1-4 alkyl, -C1-4 haloalkyl,
- CH2(C3-6 monocyclic cycloalkyl), -CH2(4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl) and -CH2(5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl); Rlb can be selected from -Rxl and -N(Rml)Rnl; -C1-4 alkyl, C3-6 monocyclic cycloalkyl, C5-12 bicyclic cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, 8-11 membered fused-heterocyclyl and -Rx2; wherein the 4-7 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl and the 8-11 membered fused-heterocyclyl contain at least one atom or group of atoms independently selected from O (oxygen), S (sulfur), C(=O), S(=O), S(=O)2 and N (nitrogen); wherein the -C1-4 alkyl can be optionally substituted with one or two or three substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxy, -C1 4 alkoxy, -C1-4 haloalkyl, -C^ haloalkoxy, -C(=O)NHS(=O)2RZ3, -C(=O)N(RZ1)RZ2, -S(=O)2RZ3, -S(=O)2N(RZ1)RZ2, -N(RZ1)C(=O)RZ3, -N(RZ1)S(=O)RZ3, -N(RZ1)C(=O)N(RZ2)RZ3 and -N(RZ1)S(=O)N(RZ2)RZ3; wherein the C3-6 monocyclic cycloalkyl, the C5 -12 bicyclic cycloalkyl, the 4-7 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, and the 8-11 membered fused- heterocyclyl can be optionally substituted with one or two or three substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, -Ci-4 alkyl, hydroxy, -Cx _4 alkoxy, -Ci-4 haloalkyl, -C1 4 haloalkoxy, -C(=O)NHS(=O)2RZ3, -C(=O)N(RZ1)RZ2, -S(=O)2RZ3, -S(=O)2N(RZ1)RZ2, -N(RZ1)C(=O)RZ3, -N(RZ1)S(=O)RZ3, -N(RZ1)C(=O)N(RZ2)RZ3 and hydrogen, -C1-4 alkyl, -C1-4 haloalkyl, -C(=O)RZ3, -S(=O)2RZ1, -C(=O)N(RZ1)RZ2 and
-S(=O)N(RZ1)RZ2; Rnl can be selected from hydrogen, -C1-4 alkyl, -C1-4 haloalkyl and — CH2(C2-6 monocyclic cycloalkyl); Rlc can be selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OH, -CN, -CH3, -C2-4 alkyl and -C2-4 haloalkyl; Rld can be selected from hydrogen, -Ci-2 alkyl and -Ci-2 haloalkyl; Rle can be selected from hydrogen, -Ci-2 alkyl and -C1-2 haloalkyl; Rlf can be selected from hydrogen, -Ci-2 alkyl and -Ci-2 haloalkyl; Rlg can be selected from hydrogen, -Ci-2 alkyl and -Ci-2 haloalkyl; Rlh can be selected from hydrogen, -Ci-2 alkyl and -Ci-2 haloalkyl; R11, R1-", Rlk, R11, Rlm and Rln each can be independently selected from hydrogen, — Ci-2 alkyl and -Ci-2 haloalkyl; Rlp can be selected from hydrogen, -CH3, -C2-4 alkyl and -Rlpl, wherein Rlp can be optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, -C1-4 alkyl, hydroxy, -C1 4 alkoxy, -C1-4 haloalkyl, -C1 4 haloalkoxy, -C(=O)NHS(=O)2RZ3, -C(=O)N(RZ1)RZ2, -S(=O)2RZ3, -S(=O)2N(RZ1)RZ2, -N(RZ1)RZ2, -N(RZ1)C(=O)RZ3, -N(RZ1)S(=O)RZ3, -N(RZ1)C(=O)N(RZ2)RZ3 and hydrogen, -C1-4 alkyl and -C1-4 haloalkyl; R2a, R2b, R2c, R2e, R2g and R2h each can be independently selected from hydrogen and halogen; R2d and R2f each can be independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2OH, -OCH3 and -SCH3; R3a can be selected from hydrogen, -CH3, -C2-4 alkyl and -C2-4 haloalkyl; R3b can be selected from hydrogen, -CH3, -C2-4 alkyl, -C2-4 haloalkyl and -C1-4 alkoxy; wherein R3b can be optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, -OH, -CN, -CH3, -C2-4 alkyl, -C2-4 haloalkyl, -CH2CH2OH and -CH2CH2OCi-4 haloalkyl; R3c can be selected from hydrogen, halogen, -C1-2 alkyl and -C1-2 haloalkyl; R4a can be selected from hydrogen, -CH3, -C2-4 alkyl and -C2-4 haloalkyl; R4b can be selected from hydrogen, halogen, -C1-4 alkyl, -C1-4 haloalkyl, -OH, -NH2, -OC1-4 alkyl and -OC1-4 haloalkyl, wherein R4b can be optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, -OH, -CN, -CH3, -C2-4 alkyl, -C2-4 haloalkyl, -CH2CH2OH and -CH2CH2O-C1-4 haloalkyl; R4C can be selected from hydrogen, halogen, -C1-2 alkyl and -C1-2 haloalkyl; mi, m2 and m3 each can be independently 1 or 2; nu can be 0, 1 or 2; ms can be 1, 2, 3 or 4; m independently can be 0, 1 or 2; and RZ1, RZ2 and RZ3 each independently can be selected from hydrogen, -Ci- 4 alkyl and -C1-4 haloalkyl, wherein the -C1-4 alkyl can be optionally substituted with one or two or three substituents independently selected from hydroxy and -ORZ4; and RZ4 can be -Ci -4 alkyl.
Embodiment 2
[0075] The compound of Embodiment 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A1 can
Embodiment 3
[0076] The compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 can be N (nitrogen).
Embodiment 4
[0077] The compound of any one of Embodiments 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 can be CH.
Embodiment 5
[0078] The compound of any one of Embodiments 1-4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X3 can be CH.
Embodiment 6
[0079] The compound of any one of Embodiments 1-4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X3 can be N. Embodiment 7
[0080] The compound of any one of Embodiments 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rla can be -Ci-4 alkyl. Examples of Ci-4 alkyls include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
Embodiment 8
[0081] The compound of Embodiment 7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rla can be -CH3.
Embodiment 9
[0082] The compound of any one of Embodiments 1-8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rlq can be hydrogen.
Embodiment 10
[0083] The compound of any one of Embodiments 1-9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rlb can be -Rxl.
Embodiment 11
[0084] The compound of Embodiment 10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein -Rxl can
Embodiment 12
[0085] The compound of any one of Embodiments 1-9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rlb can be -N(Rml)Rnl.
Embodiment 13
[0086] The compound of Embodiment 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rnl can be hydrogen, such that Rlb can be -NH(Rml).
Embodiment 14
[0087] The compound of Embodiment 12 or 13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rml can be tetrahydrofuranyl or tetrahydro-2H- pyranyl, each optionally substituted with hydroxy (-OH) or C1-4 alkyl. Examples of C1-4 alkyls include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl. Embodiment 15
[0088] The compound of Embodiment 14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rml can
Embodiment 16
[0089] The compound of Embodiment 12 or 13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rml can be -Rx2.
Embodiment 17
[0090] The compound of Embodiment 16, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein -Rx2 can some embodiments, mi can be 1 and RZ1 can be H, such that -Rx2 can
Embodiment 18
[0091] The compound of Embodiment 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A1 can
Embodiment 19
[0092] The compound of Embodiment 18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 can be N (nitrogen).
Embodiment 20
[0093] The compound of Embodiment 18 or 19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 can be CH. Embodiment 21
[0094] The compound of any one of Embodiments 18-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rla can be -Ci-4 alkyl. Exemplary Ci-4 alkyls include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
Embodiment 22
[0095] The compound of Embodiment 21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rla can be -CH3.
Embodiment 23
[0096] The compound of any one of Embodiments 18-22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rlc, Rld, Rle and Rlf can be each hydrogen.
Embodiment 24
[0097] The compound of any one of Embodiments 18-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rlb can be -Rxl.
Embodiment 25
[0098] The compound of Embodiment 24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
Embodiment 26
[0099] The compound of Embodiment 24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt embodiments, RZ2 can be H. In other embodiments, RZ2 can be -C1-4 alkyl substituted by hydroxy (such as -(CIE^OH). In other embodiments, RZ2 can be -Ci-4 alkyl substituted by -ORZ4, wherein RZ4 can be -Ci-4 alkyl (such as -(CIE^OCHs). Embodiment 27
[0100] The compound of Embodiment 26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein mi can be 1 or 2, m2 can be 2, m3 can be 1, and RZ1 can be H, such that -Rxl
[0101] The compound of Embodiment 26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein mi can be 1 or 2, m2 can be 2, m3 can be 1, and RZ1 can be H, such that -Rxl can be In yet still other embodiments, -Rxl can be other embodiments, -Rxl can still other embodiments, -Rxl can be
Embodiment 29
[0102] The compound of Embodiment 24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein -Rxl can
Embodiment 30
[0103] The compound of Embodiment 29, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m2 can be 1 and m3 can be 1, and RZ1 can be H, such that -Rxl can be
Embodiment 31
[0104] The compound of any one of Embodiments 18-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rlb can be -N(Rml)Rnl.
Embodiment 32
[0105] The compound of Embodiment 31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rnl can be hydrogen. Embodiment 33
[0106] The compound of Embodiment 31 or 32, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rml can be -Rx2.
Embodiment 34
[0107] The compound of Embodiment 33, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein -Rx2 can
Embodiment 35
[0108] The compound of Embodiment 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A1 can
Embodiment 36
[0109] The compound of Embodiment 35, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 can be N (nitrogen).
Embodiment 37
[0110] The compound of Embodiment 35 or 36, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 can be CH.
Embodiment 38
[0111] The compound of any one of Embodiments 35-37, wherein R11, R1-*, Rlk, R11,
Rlm and Rln can be each hydrogen.
Embodiment 39
[0112] The compound of any one of Embodiments 35-38, wherein Rlp can be
Rlpl Embodiment 40
[0113] The compound of Embodiment 39, wherein -Rlpl can be
Embodiment 41
[0114] The compound of Embodiment 40, wherein m can be 1 and RZ1 can be H, such that -Rlpl can
Embodiment 42
[0115] The compound of any one of Embodiments 1-41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B1 can
Embodiment 43
[0116] The compound of Embodiment 42, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Yi can be CH.
Embodiment 44
[0117] The compound of Embodiment 42, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y1 can be N (nitrogen).
Embodiment 45
[0118] The compound of any one of Embodiments 42-44, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3a and R3b can be each -CH3. Embodiment 46
[0119] The compound of any one of Embodiments 42-45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3c can be hydrogen.
Embodiment 47
[0120] The compound of any one of Embodiments 42-45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3c can be -CH3.
Embodiment 48
[0121] The compound of any one of Embodiments 42-45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3c can be -C1-2 haloalkyl, such as -CF3, -CHF2, -CH2F -CCI3, -CHC12, -CH2CI, -CH2CF3 or -CH2CHF2.
Embodiment 49
[0122] The compound of Embodiment 48, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3c can be -CF3.
Embodiment 50
[0123] The compound of Embodiment 48, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3c can be -CHF2.
Embodiment 51
[0124] The compound of Embodiment 42, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B1 can be selected from
Embodiment 52
[0125] The compound of any one of Embodiments 1-41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B1 can
Embodiment 53
[0126] The compound of Embodiment 52, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y2 can be CH.
Embodiment 54
[0127] The compound of Embodiment 52 or 53, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4a can be -CH3.
Embodiment 55
[0128] The compound of any one of Embodiments 52-54, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4b can be hydrogen. Embodiment 56
[0129] The compound of any one of Embodiments 52-55, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4c can be hydrogen.
Embodiment 57
[0130] The compound of any one of Embodiments 52-55, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4c can be -CH3.
Embodiment 58
[0131] The compound of any one of Embodiments 52-55, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4c can be -C1-2 haloalkyl, such as -CF3, -CHF2, -CH2F -CCI3, -CHC12, -CH2CI, -CH2CF3 or -CH2CHF2.
Embodiment 59
[0132] The compound of Embodiment 58, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4c can be -CF3.
Embodiment 60
[0133] The compound of Embodiment 58, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4c can be -CHF2.
Embodiment 61
[0134] The compound of Embodiment 52, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B1 can be selected from Embodiment 62
[0135] The compound of any one of Embodiments 1-61, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2a, R2b, R2c, R2e, R2g and R2h can be each hydrogen. Embodiment 63
[0136] The compound of any one of Embodiments 1-62, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2d and R2f can be each halogen. Embodiment 64
[0137] The compound of any one of Embodiments 1-62, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2d can be halogen; and R2f can be -CH3. Embodiment 65
[0138] The compound of any one of Embodiments 1-62, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2d can be -CH3; and R2f can be halogen. Embodiment 66
[0139] The compound of any one of Embodiments 63-65, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the halogen can be chloro. Embodiment 67
[0140] The compound of any one of Claims 1-62, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2d and R2f can be each -CH3.
Embodiment 68
[0141] The compound of Embodiment 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, selected from:
acceptable salt of any of the foregoing.
Embodiment 69
[0142] The compound of Embodiment 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, selected from:

ISI
1791 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing.
Embodiment 70
[0143] A pharmaceutical composition that can include an effective amount of a compound of any one of Embodiments 1-69, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and excipient.
Embodiment 71
[0144] A method for treating hepatitis B in a subject that can include administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one of Embodiments 1-69, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Embodiment 72
[0145] A method for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a subject that can include administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one of Embodiments 1-69, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Embodiment 73
[0146] The method of any one of Embodiments 71-72, that can further include administering surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy and/or antiviral therapy.
Embodiment 74
[0147] A compound of any one of Embodiments 1-69, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating hepatitis B.
Embodiment 75
[0148] A compound of any one of Embodiments 1-69, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Embodiment 76
[0149] The compound of any one of Embodiments 74-75, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the use can further include administering surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy and/or antiviral therapy.
Embodiment 77
[0150] Use of a compound of any one of Embodiments 1-69, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for use in treating hepatitis B. Embodiment 78
[0151] Use of a compound of any one of Embodiments 1-69, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for use in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Embodiment 79
[0152] The use of any one of Embodiments 77-78, wherein the medicament can be for use in combination with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy and/or antiviral therapy. [0153] In some embodiments, including any of Embodiments 1-79, a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, Y1 cannot be C-halo, such as C-F. In some embodiments, including any of Embodiments 1-79, a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, Y1 cannot be C-halo, such as C-F. In some embodiments, including any of Embodiments 1-79, a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, Y2 cannot be C-halo, such as C-F. In some embodiments, including any of Embodiments 1-79, a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, Y2 cannot be C-halo, such as C-F.
Methods for the Preparation
[0154] In this section, as in all other sections unless the context indicates otherwise, references to Formula (I), along with pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof, include all other sub-groups and examples thereof as provided herein. The general preparations of some representative examples of compounds of Formula (I) are described herein, and are generally prepared from starting materials which are either commercially available or prepared by standard synthetic processes used by those skilled in the art.
[0155] The following schemes a represent example preparations compounds of Formula (I), along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Compounds of Formula (I), along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may also be prepared by analogous reaction protocols as described in the general schemes below, combined with standard synthetic processes used by those skilled in the art.
General Scheme 1
[0156] In general, compounds having the structure of Intermediate 1-3 can be prepared according to Scheme 1. All variables in Scheme 1 are defined according to descriptions provided herein. In Scheme 1, the following reaction conditions apply: (1) In the presence of suitable catalyst (for example, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride) with a suitable ligand (for example, 2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l'-binaphthalene) in a suitable solvent, such as 1,4-dioxane, with a suitable base (for example, t-BuONa) at a suitable temperature (for example, 100 °C); (2) In the presence of suitable catalyst (for example, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride) in a suitable solvent, such as 1,4-dioxane, with a suitable base (for example, KO Ac) at a suitable temperature (for example, 85 °C) (3) In the presence of a suitable catalyst (for example, [l,l'-Bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene]- dichloropalladium(II) in a suitable solvent, such as 1,4-dioxane, with a suitable base (for example, K2CO3) at a suitable temperature (for example, 100 °C). General Scheme 2
Intermediate 11-3
[0157] In general, compounds having the structure of Intermediate II-3 can be prepared according to Scheme 2. All variables in Scheme 2 are defined according to descriptions provided herein. In Scheme 2, the following reaction conditions apply: (1) In the presence of a suitable catalyst (for example, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride) with a suitable ligand (for example, 2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l'-binaphthalene) in a suitable solvent, such as 1,4-dioxane, with a suitable base (for example, t-BuONa) at a suitable temperature (for example, 100 °C); (2) In the presence of a suitable catalyst (for example, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride) in a suitable solvent, such as 1,4-dioxane, with a suitable base (for example, KOAc) at a suitable temperature (for example, 85 °C); (3) In the presence of a suitable catalyst (for example, [1,1 '-Bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene]- dichloropalladium(II) in a suitable solvent, such as 1,4-dioxane, with a suitable base (for example, K2CO3) at a suitable temperature (for example, 100 °C).
[0158] In general, compounds having the structure of Intermediate III- 3 can be prepared according to Scheme 3. All variables in Scheme 3 are defined according to descriptions provided herein. In Scheme 3, the following reaction conditions apply: (1) In the presence of a suitable catalyst (for example, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride) with a suitable ligand (for example, 2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l'-binaphthalene) in a suitable solvent, such as 1,4-dioxane, with a suitable base (for example, t-BuONa) at a suitable temperature (for example, 100 °C); (2) In the presence of a suitable catalyst (for example, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride) in a suitable solvent, such as 1,4-dioxane, with a suitable base (for example, KOAc) at a suitable temperature (for example, 85 °C); (3) In the presence of a suitable catalyst (for example, [1,1 '-Bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene]- dichloropalladium(II) in a suitable solvent, such as 1,4-dioxane, with a suitable base (for example, K2CO3) at a suitable temperature (for example, 100 °C). General Scheme 4
[0159] In general, compounds having the structure of Intermediate IV-3 can be prepared according to Scheme 4. All variables in Scheme 4 are defined according to descriptions provided herein. In Scheme 4, the following reaction conditions apply: (1) In the presence of a suitable catalyst (for example, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride) with a suitable ligand (for example, 2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l'-binaphthalene) in a suitable solvent, such as 1,4-dioxane, with a suitable base (for example, t-BuONa) at a suitable temperature (for example, 100 °C); (2) In the presence of a suitable catalyst (for example, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride) in a suitable solvent, such as 1,4-dioxane, with a suitable base (for example, KOAc) at a suitable temperature (for example, 85 °C); (3) In the presence of suitable catalyst (for example, [l,l'-Bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene]- dichloropalladium(II) in a suitable solvent, such as 1,4-dioxane, with a suitable base (for example, K2CO3) at a suitable temperature (for example, 100 °C)
Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0160] Some embodiments described herein relate to pharmaceutical compositions that comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of an effective amount of a compound described herein (such as a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, or combination thereof. A pharmaceutical composition described herein is suitable for human and/or veterinary applications.
[0161] The terms “function” and “functional” as used herein refer to a biological, enzymatic or therapeutic function.
[0162] The terms “effective amount” or “effective dose” is used to indicate an amount of an active compound, or pharmaceutical agent, that elicits the biological or medicinal response indicated. For example, an effective amount of compound can be the amount needed to alleviate or ameliorate symptoms of disease or prolong the survival of the subject being treated This response may occur in a tissue, system, animal or human and includes alleviation of the signs or symptoms of the disease being treated. Determination of an effective amount is well within the capability of those skilled in the art, in view of the disclosure provided herein. The effective amount of the compounds disclosed herein required as a dose will depend on the route of administration, the type of animal, including human, being treated, and the physical characteristics of the specific animal under consideration. The dose can be tailored to achieve a desired effect, but will depend on such factors as weight, diet, concurrent medication and other factors which those skilled in the medical arts will recognize.
[0163] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” includes relatively non-toxic, inorganic and organic acid, or base addition salts of compositions, including without limitation, analgesic agents, therapeutic agents, other materials, and the like. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those derived from mineral acids, such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and those derived from organic acids, such as ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like. Examples of suitable inorganic bases for the formation of salts include the hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates of ammonia, sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, and the like. Salts may also be formed with suitable organic bases, including those that are non-toxic and strong enough to form such salts. For example, the class of such organic bases may include but are not limited to mono-, di-, and trialkylamines, including methylamine, dimethylamine, and triethylamine; mono-, di- or trihydroxyalkylamines including mono-, di-, and triethanolamine; amino acids, including glycine, arginine and lysine; guanidine; N- methylglucosamine; N-methylglucamine; L-glutamine; N-methylpiperazine; morpholine; ethylenediamine; N-benzylphenethylamine; trihydroxymethyl aminoethane. [0164] ‘Formulation”, “pharmaceutical composition”, and “composition” as used interchangeably herein are equivalent terms referring to a composition of matter for administration to a subject.
[0165] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” means compatible with the treatment of a subject, and in particular, a human.
[0166] The terms “agent” refers to an active agent that has biological activity and may be used in a therapy. Also, an “agent” can be synonymous with “at least one agent,” “compound,” or “at least one compound,” and can refer to any form of the agent, such as a derivative, analog, salt or a prodrug thereof. The agent can be present in various forms, components of molecular complexes, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts (e.g., hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, borates, acetates, maleates, tartrates, and salicylates). The term “agent” can also refer to any pharmaceutical molecules or compounds, therapeutic molecules or compounds, matrix forming molecules or compounds, polymers, synthetic molecules and compounds, natural molecules and compounds, and any combination thereof.
[0167] The term “subject” as used herein has its ordinary meaning as understood in light of the specification and refers to an animal that is the object of treatment, inhibition, or amelioration, observation or experiment. “Animal” has its ordinary meaning as understood in light of the specification and includes cold- and warm-blooded vertebrates and/or invertebrates such as fish, shellfish or reptiles and, in particular, mammals. “Mammal” has its ordinary meaning as understood in light of the specification, and includes but is not limited to mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, cats, sheep, goats, cows, horses, primates, such as humans, monkeys, chimpanzees or apes. In some embodiments, the subject is human.
[0168] Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. Techniques for formulation and administration of the compounds described herein are known to those skilled in the art. Multiple techniques of administering a compound exist in the art including, but not limited to, enteral, oral, rectal, topical, sublingual, buccal, intraaural, epidural, epicutaneous, aerosol, parenteral delivery, including intramuscular, subcutaneous, intra-arterial, intravenous, intraportal, intra-articular, intradermal, peritoneal, intramedullary injections, intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intraperitoneal, intranasal or intraocular injections. Pharmaceutical compositions will generally be tailored to the specific intended route of administration. Pharmaceutical compositions can also be administered to isolated cells from a patient or individual, such as T cells, Natural Killer cells, B cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, stem cells, bone marrow cells or hematopoietic stem cells.
[0169] The pharmaceutical compound can also be administered in a local rather than systemic manner, for example, via injection of the compound directly into an organ, tissue, cancer, tumor or infected area, often in a depot or sustained release formulation. Furthermore, one may administer the compound in a targeted drug delivery system, for example, in a liposome coated with a tissue specific antibody. The liposomes may be targeted to and taken up selectively by the organ, tissue, cancer, tumor or infected area.
[0170] The pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may be manufactured in a manner that is itself known, e.g., by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping or tableting processes. As described herein, compounds used in a pharmaceutical composition may be provided as salts with pharmaceutically compatible counterions.
[0171] As used herein, a “carrier” refers to a compound, particle, solid, semi-solid, liquid or diluent that facilitates the passage, delivery and/or incorporation of a compound to cells, tissues and/or bodily organs. For example, without limitation, a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) is a type of carrier that can encapsulate a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein to thereby protect the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein from degradation during passage through the bloodstream and/or to facilitate delivery to a desired organ, such as to the liver.
[0172] As used herein, a “diluent” refers to an ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition that lacks pharmacological activity but may be pharmaceutically necessary or desirable. For example, a diluent may be used to increase the bulk of a potent drug whose mass is too small for manufacture and/or administration. It may also be a liquid for the dissolution of a drug to be administered by injection, ingestion or inhalation. A common form of diluent in the art is a buffered aqueous solution such as, without limitation, phosphate buffered saline that mimics the composition of human blood.
[0173] The term “excipient” has its ordinary meaning as understood in light of the specification, and refers to inert substances, compounds or materials added to a pharmaceutical composition to provide, without limitation, bulk, consistency, stability, binding ability, lubrication, disintegrating ability etc., to the composition. Excipients with desirable properties include but are not limited to preservatives, adjuvants, stabilizers, solvents, buffers, diluents, solubilizing agents, detergents, surfactants, chelating agents, antioxidants, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, salts, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium borate, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate sugars, dextrose, fructose, mannose, lactose, galactose, sucrose, sorbitol, cellulose, serum, amino acids, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, sodium deoxycholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, magnesium stearate, octylphenol ethoxylate, benzethonium chloride, thimerosal, gelatin, esters, ethers, 2-phenoxyethanol, urea or vitamins, or any combination thereof. The amount of the excipient may be found in a pharmaceutical composition at a percentage of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 100% w/w or any percentage by weight in a range defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers.
[0174] The term “adjuvant” as used herein refers to a substance, compound or material that stimulates the immune response and increase the efficacy of protective immunity and is administered in conjunction with an immunogenic antigen, epitope or composition. Adjuvants serve to improve immune responses by enabling a continual release of antigen, upregulation of cytokines and chemokines, cellular recruitment at the site of administration, increased antigen uptake and presentation in antigen presenting cells, or activation of antigen presenting cells and inflammasomes. Commonly used adjuvants include but are not limited to alum, aluminum salts, aluminum sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, calcium phosphate hydroxide, potassium aluminum sulfate, oils, mineral oil, paraffin oil, oil-in-water emulsions, detergents, MF59®, squalene, AS03, a-tocopherol, polysorbate 80, AS04, monophosphoryl lipid A, virosomes, nucleic acids, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, saponins, QS-21, proteins, flagellin, cytokines, chemokines, IL-1, IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, imidazoquinolines, CpG oligonucleotides, lipids, phospholipids, dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), trehalose dimycolate, peptidoglycans, bacterial extracts, lipopolysaccharides or Lreund’s Adjuvant, or any combination thereof.
[0175] The term “purity” of any given substance, compound or material as used herein refers to the actual abundance of the substance, compound or material relative to the expected abundance. For example, the substance, compound or material may be at least 80, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 or 100% pure, including all decimals in between. Purity may be affected by unwanted impurities, including but not limited to side products, isomers, enantiomers, degradation products, solvent, carrier, vehicle or contaminants, or any combination thereof. Purity can be measured technologies including but not limited to chromatography, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, spectroscopy, UV-visible spectrometry, infrared spectrometry, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, gravimetry or titration, or any combination thereof.
Methods of Use
[0176] Some embodiments disclosed herein related to selecting a subject or patient in need. In some embodiments, a patient is selected who is in need of treatment, inhibition, amelioration, prevention or slowing of diseases or conditions associated with PD-L1 dysregulation. In some embodiments, such diseases or conditions associated with PD-L1 dysregulation may include, for example, cancer, HCC, viral infections and/or HBV. In some embodiments, a subject can be selected who has previously been treated for the disease or disorder described herein. In some embodiments, a subject can be selected who has previously been treated for being at risk for the disease or disorder described herein. In some embodiments, a subject can be selected who has developed a recurrence of the disease or disorder described herein. In some embodiments, a subject can be selected who has developed resistance to therapies for the disease or disorder described herein. In some embodiments, a subject can be selected who may have any combination of the aforementioned selection criteria.
[0177] Compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, disclosed herein can be evaluated for efficacy and toxicity using known methods. A non-limiting list of potential advantages of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein include improved stability, increased safety profile, increased efficacy, increased binding to the target, increased specificity for the target (for example, a cancer cell or virally infected cell).
[0178] The terms “treating,” “treatment,” “therapeutic,” or “therapy” as used herein has its ordinary meaning as understood in light of the specification, and do not necessarily mean total cure or abolition of the disease or condition. The term “treating” or “treatment” as used herein (and as well understood in the art) also means an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired results in a subject's condition, including clinical results. Beneficial or desired clinical results can include, but are not limited to, alleviation or amelioration of one or more symptoms or conditions, diminishment of the extent of a disease, stabilizing (i.e., not worsening) the state of disease, prevention of a disease's transmission or spread, delaying or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, diminishment of the reoccurrence of disease, and remission, whether partial or total and whether detectable or undetectable. “Treating” and “treatment” as used herein also include prophylactic treatment. Treatment methods comprise administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of an active agent. The administering step may consist of a single administration or may comprise a series of administrations. The compositions are administered to the subject in an amount and for a duration sufficient to treat the subject. The length of the treatment period depends on a variety of factors, such as the severity of the condition, the age and genetic profile of the subject, the concentration of active agent, the activity of the compositions used in the treatment, or a combination thereof. It will also be appreciated that the effective dosage of an agent used for the treatment or prophylaxis may increase or decrease over the course of a particular treatment or prophylaxis regime. Changes in dosage may result and become apparent by standard diagnostic assays known in the art. In some instances, chronic administration may be required.
[0179] Some embodiments described herein relate to a method of treating, inhibiting, ameliorating, preventing or slowing the disease or disorder described herein. In some embodiments, the methods include administering to a subject identified as suffering from the disease or disorder described herein an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein. Other embodiments described herein relate to using a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, inhibiting ameliorating, preventing, or slowing the disease or disorder described herein. Still other embodiments described herein relate to the use of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein for treating, inhibiting ameliorating, preventing, or slowing the disease or disorder described herein.
[0180] Some embodiments described herein relate to a method for inhibiting replication of a cancer cell or a virus that can include contacting the cell or virus or administering to a subject identified as suffering from a cancer or a viral infection with an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein. Other embodiments described herein relate to the use of an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting replication of a cancer cell or virus. Still other embodiments described herein relate to an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein for inhibiting replication of a cancer cell or virus. In some embodiments, the cancer cell is an HCC cell. In some embodiments, the virus is hepatitis B.
[0181] Some embodiments described herein relate to a method for inhibiting cell proliferation, such as inhibiting cell proliferation of a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus, that can include administering to a subject identified as suffering from a disease wherein inhibiting cell proliferation is desirable with an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein. Other embodiments described herein relate to the use of an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting cell proliferation, such as inhibiting cell proliferation of a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus. Still other embodiments described herein relate to an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein for inhibiting cell proliferation, such as inhibiting cell proliferation of a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus. In some embodiments, the cancer cell is an HCC cell. In some embodiments, the cell infected with a virus is infected with hepatitis B virus.
[0182] Some embodiments described herein relate to a method of inducing apoptosis of a cell (for example, a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus) that can include contacting the cell with an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein. Other embodiments described herein relate to using an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for inducing apoptosis of a cell, such as a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus. Still other embodiments described herein relate to the use of an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein for inducing apoptosis of a cell, such as a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus. In some embodiments, the cancer cell is an HCC cell. In some embodiments, the cell infected with a virus is infected with hepatitis B virus.
[0183] Some embodiments described herein relate to a method of decreasing the viability of a cell (for example, a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus) that can include contacting the cell with an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein. Other embodiments described herein relate to using a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for decreasing the viability of a cell, such as a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus. Still other embodiments described herein relate to the use of an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein for decreasing the viability of a cell, such as a cancer cell or cell infected with a virus. In some embodiments, the cancer cell is an HCC cell. In some embodiments, the cell infected with a virus is infected with hepatitis B virus.
[0184] Those of skill in the treatment of such diseases could determine the effective therapeutic daily amount from test results. An effective therapeutic daily amount would be from about 0.005 mg /kg to 50 mg/kg. in particular 0.01 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg body weight, more in particular from 0.01 mg/kg to 25 mg/kg body weight, preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 15 mg/kg, more preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, even more preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg, most preferably from about 0.05 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg body weight.
[0185] In some embodiments, the effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein is dosed more than one time. In some embodiments, the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein can be administered every 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days, or 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks, or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 months, or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 years, or any period or combination thereof within the range defined by any two aforementioned times. In some embodiments, at least one loading dose and at least one maintenance dose is administered to the subject, where the at least one loading dose is a higher dose of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, described herein than the at least one maintenance dose.
[0186] As used herein, the term “combination therapy” is intended to define therapies which comprise the use of a combination of two or more pharmaceutical compounds/agents or therapies. Thus, references to “combination therapy”, “combinations” and the use of compounds/agents “in combination” in this application may refer to compounds/agents that are administered as part of the same overall treatment regimen. As such, the dosage or timing of each of the two or more compounds/agents may differ: each may be administered at the same time or at different times. Accordingly, the compounds/agents of the combination may be administered sequentially (e.g. before or after) or simultaneously, either in the same pharmaceutical formulation (i.e. together), or in different pharmaceutical formulations (i.e. separately). Each of the two or more compounds/agents in a combination therapy may also differ with respect to the route of administration. [0187] The term “inhibitor”, as used herein, refers to an enzyme inhibitor or receptor inhibitor which is a molecule that binds to an enzyme or receptor, and decreases and/or blocks its activity. The term may relate to a reversible or an irreversible inhibitor.
[0188] Cancer may be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy or hormonal therapies. Any of these mentioned therapies may be used in conjunction with another therapy as a combination therapy. Chemotherapeutic compounds include, but are not limited to, alemtuzumab, altretamine, azacitidine, bendamustine, bleomycin, bortezomib, busulfan, cabazitaxel, capecitabine, carboplatin, carmofur, carmustine, chlorambucil, chlormethine, cisplatin, cladribine, clofarabine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, decitabine, denosumab, docetaxel, doxorubicin, epirubicin, estramustine, etoposide, everolimus, floxuridine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, fotemustine, gemcitabine, gemtuzumab, hydroxycarbamide, ibritumomab, idarubicin, ifosfamide, irinotecan, ixabepilone, lomustine, melphalan, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, mitomycin, mitoxantrone, nedaplatin, nelarabine, ofatumumab, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, pemetrexed, pentostatin, pertuzumab, procarbazine, raltitrexed, streptozotocin, tegafur, temozolomide, temsirolimus, teniposide, tioguanine, topotecan, tositumomab, valrubicin, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinflunine and vinorelbine, or any combination thereof (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing).
[0189] As used herein, the term “protein kinase inhibitor” refers to inhibitors of protein kinases, serine/threonine kinases, tyrosine kinases, or dual-specificity kinases for the treatment of cancer or other illness. In some embodiments, the protein kinase inhibitor can be a small molecule, compound, polysaccharide, lipid, peptide, polypeptide, protein, antibody, nucleoside, nucleoside analog, nucleotide, nucleotide analog, nucleic acid or oligonucleotide (along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing). A non-limiting list of the protein kinase inhibitor includes, but is not limited to, acalabrutinib, adavosertib, afatinib, alectinib, axitinib, binimetinib, bosutinib, brigatinib, cediranib, ceritinib, cetuximab, cobimetinib, crizotinib, cabozantinib, dacomitinib, dasatinib, entrectinib, erdafitinib, erlotinib, fostamatinib, gefitinib, ibrutinib, imatinib, lapatinib, lenvatinib, lestaurtinib, lortatinib, masitinib, momelotinib, mubritinib, neratinib, nilotinib, nintedanib, olmutinib, osimertinib, pacritinib, panitumumab, pazopanib, pegaptanib, ponatinib, radotinib, regorafenib, rociletinib, ruxolitinib, selumetinib, semaxanib, sorafenib, sunitinib, SU6656, tivozanib, toceranib, trametinib, trastuzumab, vandetanib and vemurafenib, or any combination thereof (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing).
[0190] As used herein, the term “checkpoint inhibitor” refers to an immunotherapy that targets immune checkpoints to stimulate immune function. In some embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitor can be a small molecule, compound, polysaccharide, lipid, peptide, polypeptide, protein, antibody, nucleoside, nucleoside analog, nucleotide, nucleotide analog, nucleic acid or oligonucleotide (along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing). In some embodiments, the immune checkpoint can be the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint. Examples of PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors includes, but is not limited to, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, spartalizumab, cemiplimab, camrelizumab, sintilimab, tislelizumab, toripalimab, AMP-224 and AMP-514, or any combination thereof (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing). Additional examples of PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor includes, but is not limited to, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, KN035, AUNP12, CA- 170 and BMS-986189, or any combination thereof (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing). In some embodiments, the immune checkpoint can be the CTLA-4 checkpoint. A non-limiting list of CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitors includes, but is not limited to, ipilimumab and tremilimumab, or any combination thereof (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing).
[0191] As used herein, the term “VEGF inhibitor” refers to inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or a VEGF receptor (VEGFR). In some embodiments, the VEGF inhibitor can be a small molecule, compound, polysaccharide, lipid, peptide, polypeptide, protein, antibody, nucleoside, nucleoside analog, nucleotide, nucleotide analog, nucleic acid or oligonucleotide (along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing). Examples of VEGF inhibitor includes, but is not limited to, aflibercept, axitinib, bevacizumab, brivanib, cabozantinib, cediranib, lenvatinib, linifinib, nintedanib, pazopanib, ponatinib, ramucirumab, regorafenib, semaxanib, sorafenib, sunitinib, tivozanib, toceranib and vandetanib, or any combination thereof (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing).
[0192] As used herein, the term “antiviral medication” refers to a pharmaceutical composition administered to treat a viral infection. In some embodiments, the viral infection can be caused by adenovirus, Ebola virus, coronavirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Friend virus, hantavirus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human metapneumovirus, human papillomavirus (HPV), influenza virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, parainfluenza virus, rabies virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus and/or varicella zoster virus.
[0193] In some embodiments, the antiviral medication can be a small molecule, compound, polysaccharide, lipid, peptide, polypeptide, protein, antibody, nucleoside, nucleoside analog, nucleotide, nucleotide analog, nucleic acid or oligonucleotide (along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing). In some embodiments, the antiviral medication can be an interferon, a capsid assembly modulator, a sequence specific oligonucleotide, an entry inhibitor or a small molecule immunomodulatory. A non-limiting list of antiviral medications include, but is not limited to, AB-423, AB-506, ABI-H2158, vebicorvir (ABI-HO731), acyclovir, adapromine, adefovir, adefovir dipivoxil, alafenamide, amantadine, asunaprevir, baloxavir marboxil, beclabuvir, boceprevir, brivudine, cidofovir, ciluprevir, clevudine, cytarabine, daclatasvir, danoprevir, dasabuvir, deleobuvir, dipivoxil, edoxudine, elbasvir, entecavir, faldaprevir, famciclovir, favipiravir, filibuvir, fomivirsen, foscarnet, galidesivir, ganciclovir, glecaprevir, GLS4, grazoprevir, idoxuridine, imiquimod, IFN-a, interferon alfa 2b, JNJ-440, JNJ-6379 (JNJ-56136379), lamivudine, laninamivir, ledipasvir, mericitabine, methisazone, MK-608, moroxydine, narlaprevir, NITD008, NZ-4, odalasvir, ombitasvir, oseltamivir, paritaprevir, peginterferon alfa-2a, penciclovir, peramivir, pibrentasvir, pimodivir, pleconaril, podophyllotoxin, presatovir, radalbuvir, ravidasvir, remdesivir, REP 2139, REP 2165, resiquimod, R07049389 (RG7907), ribavirin, rifampicin, rimantadine, ruzasvir, samatasvir, setrobuvir, simeprevir, sofosbuvir, sorivudine, sovaprevir, taribavirin, telaprevir, telbivudine, tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil, tenofovir alfenamide, triazavirin, trifluridine, tromantadine, umifenovir, uprifosbuvir, valaciclovir, valgancicovir, vaniprevir, vedroprevir, velpatasvir, vidarabine, voxilaprevir, zanamivir, cledvudine, ANA- 380/LB80380, thymalfasin (Zadaxin), ATI-2173, VIR-2218, RG6346, JNJ-73763989 (JNJ- 3989), AB-729, BB-103, Hepcludex (Bulevirtide formerly Myrcludex B), hzVSF, morphothiadin, JNJ-56136379, EDP-514, QL- 007, ABI-H3733, ZM-H1505R, B-836, VNRX-9945, GLP-26, ABI-4334, IONIS-HBVRX (GSK 3228836), EBT107, NASVAC, GS- 4774, HepTcell, VBI-2601 (BRII-179), VVX001, VTP-3OO, CVI-HBV-002, AIC-649, HB- 110, JNJ-64300535, CARG-201, PRGN-2013, SA104, VRGN-0200, selgantolimod, RG7854, SBT-8230, YS-HBV-002, lenvervimab, Vir-3434, IMC-I109V, LTCR-H2-1, APG-1387, ASC42, EYP001, EDP-721, ENOB-HB-01, GV1001, CP101, DF-006, ALG-000184, ALG- 010133, ALG-125097, ALG-020572 and ALG-125755, or any combination thereof (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing).
[0194] The term “% w/w” or “% wt/wt” as used herein has its ordinary meaning as understood in light of the specification and refers to a percentage expressed in terms of the weight of the ingredient or agent over the total weight of the composition multiplied by 100. The term “% v/v” or “% vol/vol” as used herein has its ordinary meaning as understood in the light of the specification and refers to a percentage expressed in terms of the liquid volume of the compound, substance, ingredient or agent over the total liquid volume of the composition multiplied by 100.
EXAMPLES
[0195] Some aspects of the embodiments discussed above are disclosed in further detail in the following examples, which are not in any way intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Those in the art will appreciate that many other embodiments also fall within the scope of the present disclosure, as it is described herein above and in the claims.
[0196] Hereinafter, the term “rt”, “r.t.” or “RT” means room temperature; “Me” means methyl; “MeOH” means methanol; “Et” means ethyl; “EtOH” means ethanol; “NaH” means sodium hydride; “NaBH(AcO)3” or “NaBH(Oac)3” means sodium triacetoxyborohydride; “NBS” means N-bromosuccinimide; “AIBN” means azobisisobutyronitrile; “EtOAc” means ethyl acetate; "TEA” or "EtsN” means tri ethylamine; “DCM’ means dichloromethane; “MeNEDML” means methylhydrazine; “MeNlLHCI” means methylamine hydrochloride; “MeCN” or “ACN” means acetonitrile; “DMF” means dimethyl formamide; “DMA” means dimethyl acetamide; “Pd(dppf)C12.” Means [1,1'- Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]-dichloropalladium(II); “PdChCdtbpf)” or “PD-118” means [1,1 '-Bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene]-dichlropalladium(II); “THF” means tetrahydrofuran; “HATU” means hexafluorophosphate azabenzotriazole tetramethyl uronium; “LDA” means lithium diisopropylamide; “DABCO” means l,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; “(BOC)2O” means di-tert-buty-dicarbonate “i-PrOH” or “iPrOH” means 2-propanol; “triphosgene” means bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate; “TMT” means 2,4,6-trimercapto-s- triazine; “LC” means liquid chromatography; “LCMS” means Liquid Chromatography/Mass spectrometry; “HPLC” means high-performance liquid chromatography; “prep-HPLC” means preparative high-performance liquid chromatography; “SFC” means supercritical fluid chromatography; “TFA” means trifluoroacetic acid; “RP” means reversed phase; "min" means minute(s); "h” means hour(s); “PE” means petroleum ether; “v/v” means volume per volume; “Celite ®” means diatomaceous earth; "DMSO” means dimethyl sulfoxide; "SFC” means Supercritical Fluid Chromatography; “DIPE” means diisopropyl ether; “DIPEA” or “DIEA” means N,N-diisopropylethylamine; “BINAP” means (2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l'- binaphthyl); “Pd2(dba)3” means Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)-dipalladium; “Pd(Oac)2” means palladium(II) acetate; “Pd(PPh3)4 means tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0); “AcOH” means acetic acid; “DMAP” means 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine; “t-BuOK”, “BuO” or “KotBu” means potassium tert-butoxide; “t-BuONa” means “sodium tert-butoxide”; “TLC” means thin layer chromatography; “prep-TLC” means preparative TLC; “KO Ac” or “AcOK” means potassium acetate; “NaOAc” means sodium acetate; “Pin2B2” means bis(pinacolato)diboron.
[0197] For intermediates that were used in a next reaction step as a crude or as a partially purified intermediate, estimated mol amounts (in some cases indicated by ~) are indicated in the reaction protocols described below, or alternatively theoretical mol amounts are indicated.
[0198] The meanings of the abbreviations in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra are provided as follows: s = singlet, d = doublet, dd = double doublet, dt = double triplet, ddd = doublet of doublets of doublets, Sept = septet, t = triplet, m = multiplet, br = broad, brs = broad singlet, q = quartet.
Preparation of Intermediates
Example Al Preparation of Intermediate 1
[0199] To a solution of ethyl 2-bromo-4-(bromomethyl) pyridine-3-carboxylate (1.1 g, 3.4 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) and H2O (2 mL) was added HCOONa»2H2O (1.06 g, 10.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove solvent. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 1-1 (500 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for CyHsBrNCL [M+H]+ 212.9, found 213.8.
[0200] To a mixture of Intermediate 1-1 (500 mg, 2.34 mmol) in CCI4 (15 mL) was added N-bromosuccinimide (NBS, 499 mg, 2.80 mmol) and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 38.4 mg, 234 μmol) in one portion at 25 °C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 3 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 1-2 (380 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C7H4Br2NO2 [M+H]+ 293.9, found 293.8; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ = 8.76-8.69 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.30 (m, 1H).
[0201] A mixture of Intermediate 1-2 (380 mg, 1.30 mmol) in H2O (10 mL) was stirred at 60 °C for 2 h. The mixture was poured into water (10 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic phase was dried with anhydrous IS^SCE, filtered and concentrated in vacuum to give crude Intermediate 1-3 (300 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for CyHsBrNCh [M+H]+ 229.9, found 229.8.
[0202] To a mixture of Intermediate 1-3 (300 mg) in i-PrOH (10 mL) and DCM (10 mL) were added HOAc (299 pL, 5.22 mmol) and methylhydrazine (263 pL, 2.00 mmol) in one portion at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. The mixture was poured into water (20 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford Intermediate 1-4 (160 mg) as a yellow solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for CsHjBrNsO [M+H]+ 234.0, found 239.8.
[0203] To a mixture of Intermediate 1-4 (160 mg, 667 μmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added NH3®H2O (1.71 mL, 30% purity, 13.3 mmol) in one portion at 25 °C in a sealed tube. The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 6 h at 15 psi. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (Petroleum ether: Ethyl acetate=100:l, 1:1) to afford Intermediate 1 (140 mg) as a yellow solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C8H9N4O [M+H]+ 177.1, found 177.2.
Example Al -a Preparation of Intermediate la
[0204] To a solution of methylamine hydrochloride (5.77 g, 85.4 mmol) and ethyl-
2,4-dichloro-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxylate (10 g, 42.7 mmol) in CH3CN (150 mL) was added TEA (17.8 mL, 128.16 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 12 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove solvent. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate la-1 (3.6 g, 95% purity) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C10H14CIN2O2 [M+H]+ 229.1, found 228.9; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ = 7.15 (br s, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 4.38 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.88 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.40 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H).
[0205] To a solution of Intermediate la-1 (3.6 g, 15.7 mmol) in a mixture of THF (20 mL) and H2O (4 mL) was added LiOH»H2O (1.98 g, 47.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 12 h. The mixture was lyophilized. Crude Intermediate la-2 (3.4 g, crude) was obtained as a white solid. ES m/z calculated for C8H10CIN2O2 [M+H]+ 201.0, found 201.2.
[0206] To a solution of crude Intermediate la-2 (4.0 g, 19.94 mmol) and methylamine hydrochloride (2.69 g, 39.88 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) were added hexafluorophosphate azabenzotriazole tetramethyl uronium (HATU, 9.10 g, 23.93 mmol) and DIEA (7.73 g, 59.81 mmol, 10.42 mL, 3 eq.). The mixture was diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EA (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SC>4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate la-3 (3.8 g) as a white solid. ES m/z calculated for C9H13CIN3O [M+H]+ 214.1, found 214.1.
[0207] To a solution of Intermediate la-3 (1.1 g) in THE (20 mL) at 25 °C under nitrogen was added bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (triphosgene, 1.25 g, 4.21 mmol), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 1 h. After adding TEA (2.15 mL, 15.44 mmol) into the mixture, the resulting mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous NaHCO? (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL). The EtOAc layer was collected and dried over Na2SC>4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate la (154 mg) as a yellow solid. ES m/z calculated for C10H11CIN3O2 [M+H]+ 240.1, found 240.0. Example Al-b Preparation of Intermediate lb
[0208] To a solution of 2,4-dichloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (7 g, 32.41 mmol) in THF (150 mL) was added dropwise lithium diisopropylamide (LDA, 2 M, 17.83 mL) at -78 °C. After addition of LDA, the mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 30 min. Then the solution of L (9.05 g, 35.65 mmol, 7.18 mL, 1.1 eq.) in THF (2 mL) was added dropwise into the mixture at -78 °C. The resulting mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 1 h. After the mixture’s temperature changed to rt, ethyl acetate (100 mL)was added. The reaction was further quenched with saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution (60 mL) and saturated Na2S20s aqueous solution (60 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lb-1 (6.77 g) as a white solid. ' H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-rfc) δ =8.21 (s, 1H)
[0209] A mixture of Intermediate lb-1 (6.77 g, 19.8 mmol), methylamine hydrochloride (2.67 g, 39.6 mmol), TEA (8.27 mL, 59.4 mmol) in CH3CN (50 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 16 h under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lb-2 (4.4 g, 93% purity) as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/e) δ = 6.80 (br d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (s,lH), 2.90 (d, J = 4.8 Hz,3H); ES m/z calculated for C7H6CIF3IN2 [M+H]+ 336.9, found 336.7.
[0210] To a solution of Intermediate lb-2 (2 g, 5.94 mmol) in CH3CN (30 mL) were added methylamine hydrochloride (602 mg, 8.92 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (107 mg, 476 μmol), Na2CC>3 (1.57 g, 14.9 mmol) and l,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane(DABCO, 105 pL, 951 μmol). The mixture was degassed and purged with N2 3 times. The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 16 h under CO atmosphere. The reaction was quenched by the addition of H2O (50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted by DCM (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lb-3 (310 mg) as a yellow solid. ES m/z calculated for C9H10CIF3N3O [M+H]+ 268.0, found 267.9.
[0211] To a solution of Intermediate lb-3 (310 mg, 1.16 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added (Boc)2O (266 pL, 1.16 mmol), DMAP (7.1 mg, 58 μmol, 0.05 eq.) and TEA (484 pL, 3.47 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove solvent. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lb-4 (260 mg) as a yellow solid. ES m/z calculated for C10H8CIF3N3O2 [M+H]+ 294.0. found 293.9.
[0212] A mixture of Intermediate lb-4 (400 mg, 1.36 mmol, 1 eq.), NH3 H2O (795.69 mg, 6.81 mmol, 874.39 pL, 30% purity, 5 eq.) in dioxane (4 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 12 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove solvent. The crude product was triturated twice with EA:PE=1:1 (10 mL) at 15 °C. Intermediate lb (370 mg) was obtained as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/e) δ = 8.39 (br s, 1H), 7.95 (br s, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 3.48 (s, 3H), 3.28 (s, 3H); ES m/z calculated for C10H10F3N4O2 [M+H]+ 275.1, found 274.9.
Example Al-c Preparation of Intermediate 1c
[0213] To a solution of 4,6-dichloro-5-iodo-2-methylpyrimidine (2.0 g, 6.92 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added TEA (2.89 mL, 20.8 mmol) and methylamine hydrochloride (701 mg, 10.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove solvent. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lc-1 (2.0 g) as a white solid. ES m/z calculated for C6H8C1IN3 [M+H]+ 283.9, found 283.
[0214] A mixture of Intermediate lc-1 (2.4 g, 8.47 mmol), methylamine hydrochloride (1.43 g, 21.16 mmol), ISfeCCh (3.59 g, 33.86 mmol), DABCO (93 pL, 847 μmol) and Pd(OAc)2 (190 mg, 847 μmol) in CH3CN (30 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 3 times at 20 °C. Then the mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 16 h under CO (50 psi) atmosphere. The mixture was filtered to remove solids, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove solvent. The residue was purified by flash silica gel to give Intermediate lc-2 (0.45 g) as a white solid. ES m/z calculated for C8H12CIN4O [M+H]+ 215.1, found 215.0.
[0215] To a solution of Intermediate lc-2 (455 mg) in THF (8.0 mL) was added bis(tri chloromethyl) carbonate (triphosgene, 510 mg, 1.72 mmol) at 20 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 1 h. After adding TEA (442 pL, 3.18 mmol) into the mixture, the resulting mixture was further stirred at 20 °C for 12 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous NaHCCL (20 mL). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (30 mL). The EtOAc layer was collected and dried Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lc (130 mg) as a white solid. ES m/z calculated for C9H10CIN4O2 [M+H]+ 241.0, found 241.1.
Example Al-d Preparation of Intermediate Id
[0216] To a solution of 4,6-dichloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (4.5 g, 20.7 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added dropwise LDA (2 M, 15.55 mL) at -78 °C over 5 min. After addition of LDA, the mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 30 min. Then the solution of I2 (5.79 g, 22.81 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added dropwise into the mixture at -78 °C. The mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 1 h. After the mixture’s temperature was slowly warmed to rt, ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added. The reaction was further quenched with saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution (100 mL) and saturated Na2S20s aqueous solution (100 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography to give Intermediate ld-1 (8 g) as a colorless oil. [0217] To a solution of Intermediate ld-1 (8 g) and methylamine hydrochloride (3.15 g, 46.66 mmol) in MeCN (100 mL) was added TEA (9.74 mL, 70.00 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. The reaction was quenched by addition of H2O (50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na2SC>4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography to give Intermediate ld-2 (6 g, 17.07 mmol, 73.15% yield, 96% purity) as a yellow solid. ES m/z calculated for C6H5CIE3IN3 [M+H]+ 337.9, found 337.8.
[0218] A mixture of Intermediate ld-2 (3.0 g, 8.89 mmol), methanamine;hydrochloride (0.60 g, 8.89 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (200 mg, 889 μmol), IS^CCh (2.36 g, 22.22 mmol) and DABCO (196 pL, 1.78 mmol) in MeCN (200 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 three times. The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 16 h under CO (50 psi) atmosphere. After cooling the mixture to rt, the reaction was quenched by addition of H2O (100 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted by DCM (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate ld-3 (0.65 g) as a yellow oil. ES m/z calculated for CsHsClFslSUO [M+H]+ 269.0, found 269.0.
[0219] To a solution of Intermediate! d-3 (1.3 g, 4.84 mmol) in THE (10 mL) was added bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (1.15 g, 3.87 mmol, 0.8 eq.) at 25 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. After the mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 1 h, TEA (2.94 g, 29.04 mmol, 4.04 mL, 6 eq.) was added. The mixture was further stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous NaHCO? (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (30 mL). The organic layer was collected and dried over Na2SC>4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica column chromatograph to give Intermediate Id (500 mg) as a yellow oil. ES m/z calculated for C9H7CIF3N4O2 [M+H]+ 295.0, found 294.9. Example Al-e Preparation of Intermediate le
[0220] To a solution of 6-amino-5-cyano-l,3-dimethyluracil (480 mg, 2.66 mmol),
2,2-difluoroacetyl) 2,2-difluoroacetate (696 mg, 4.00 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) were added DMAP (33 mg, 266 gmol) and TEA (1.11 mL, 7.99 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. The reaction was quenched by addition of H2O (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted by DCM (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na2SC>4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give Intermediate le-1 (250 mg) as a yellow oil. JH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-rC) 5 = 8.92 (br s, 1H), 5.94 (t, J =56.0 Hz, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H).
[0221] A solution of Intermediate le-1 (250 mg, 968 μmol) in sulfuric acid (75% H2SO4 aqueous solution, 4 mL) was stirred at 90 °C for 1 h. The reaction was quenched by addition of H2O (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na2SC>4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate le (110 mg,) as a yellow oil. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/e) 5 = 6.60 (t, J = 53.7 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.14 (s, 3H).
Example Al-f Preparation of Intermediate If
[0222] A solution of Ethyl 2,4-dichloro-6-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylate (5.0 g, 21.4 mmol) in the mixture of 1,4-dioxane (20 mL) and NH3»H2O (30% NH3 basis, 27.4 mb) was stirred at 120 °C for 16 hours in a sealed tube (100 mL). The reaction was quenched by the addition of H2O (50 mL) and extracted with DCM (60 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give Intermediate lf-1 (2.4 g) as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.14 (s, 2H), 4.39 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.40 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H).
[0223] To the reaction mixture of Intermediate lf-1 (2.4 g, 11.2 mmol) and Boc anhydride (10.3 mL, 44.7 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) were added DMAP (273.20 mg, 2.24 mmol) and TEA (9.34 mL, 67.09 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 hours. The reaction was quenched by addition of H2O (30 mL) and extracted by DCM (30 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give Intermediate lf-2 (4.2 g) as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ = 7.65 (s, 1H), 4.30 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.53-2.51 (m, 3H), 1.34 (s, 18H), 1.27 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H).
[0224] To a solution of Intermediate lf-2 (4.2 g, 10.1 mmol) and 4, 4, 5, 5- tetramethyl-2-vinyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolane (2.58 mL, 15.2 mmol) in the mixture of 1,4-dioxane (40 mL) and H2O (4 mL) were added Pd(dppf)C12 (740 mg, 1.0 mmol) and K2CO3 (2.80 g, 20.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 16 hours under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give Intermediate lf-3 (2.4 g) as a white solid. JH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6 ) δ = 7.64 (s, 1H), 6.85 (dd, J = 11.2, 17.2 Hz, 1H), 6.12 (d, J = 17.6 Hz, 1H), 5.61 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.53-2.50 (m, 3H), 1.33 (s, 18H), 1.26 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H).
[0225] To a solution of Intermediate lf-3 (2.4 g, 5.9 mmol) in the mixture of dioxane (30 mL) and H2O (4 mL) were added NaIO4 (3.16 g, 14.76 mmol), 2,6- dimethylpyridine (1.38 mL, 11.8 mmol) and dipotassium;dioxido(dioxo)osmium;dihydrate (43.5 mg, 118 μmol) in one portion at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was poured into water (30 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 3). The combined organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lf-4 (2.7 g, 4.69 mmol, 79.49% yield, 71% purity) as a yellow oil. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for C20H29N2O7 [M+H]+ 409.2, found 409.0.
[0226] To a mixture of Intermediate lf-4 (2.7 g, 6.61 mmol), HOAc (1.89 mL, 33.1 mmol) and MgSCL (3.98 g, 33.05 mmol) in i-PrOH (15 mL) and DCM (15 mL) was added methylhydrazine (1.91 mL, 14.50 mmol) in one portion at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 14 hours. After adding DBU (9.96 mL, 66.1 mmol) at 25 °C, the mixture was warmed to 60 °C and then stirred at 60 °C for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched by addition of water (30 mL), and then extracted with DCM (30 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give Intermediate lf-5 (1.87 g) as a white solid.
[0227] To a solution of Intermediate lf-5 (220 mg, 563.48 μmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added dropwise TFA (2.20 mL, 3.38 g) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 3 hours. The reaction was quenched by addition of H2O (20 mL), and then extracted with DCM (10 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give Intermediate If (100 mg,) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for C9H11N4O [M+H]+ 190.09, found 191.0. Example Al-g Preparation of Intermediate 1g
[0228] To a solution of 2,4-Dichloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (5.0 g, 23.2 mmol) was added dropwise LDA (2 M, 12.73 mL) at -78 °C over 5 min. After the mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 min, I2 (5.13 mL, 25.5 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added dropwise to at -78 °C. The mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 1 hour. After the mixture was slowly warmed to rt, EtOAc (100 mL), ammonium chloride (60 mL) and saturated Na2S2C>3 solution (60 mL) were added into the mixture. The organic layer of the mixture was separated, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lg-1 (10.4 g) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for C6H2CI2F3IN [M+H]+ 341.9, found 341.7.
[0229] A solution of Intermediate lg-1 (10 g, 29.2 mmol) in the mixture of 1,4- dioxane (60 mL) and NH3 H2O (30% NH3 basis, 37.6 mL) was stirred at 120 °C for 16 hours in a sealed tube (100 mL). After cooling down the mixture to rt, the reaction was quenched by addition of H2O (100 mL), and then extracted by DCM (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lg-2 (3.47 g) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for C6H4CIF3IN2 [M+H]+ 322.9, found 322.8.
[0230] A mixture of Intermediate lg-2 (3.47 g, 10.76 mmol), IS^CCh (2.85 g, 26.9 mmol), DABCO (237 pL, 2.15 mmol) and Pd(OAc)2 (241.60 mg, 1.08 mmol) in MeOH (100 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 (3x). Then the mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 16 hours under CO (50 psi) atmosphere. The mixture was cooled into 25 °C and purged with Ar (3x). The reaction was quenched by addition of H2O (60 mL) and extracted with DCM (60 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (60 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lg-3 (2.45 g) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for C8H7CIF3N2O2 [M+H]+ 255.0, found 255.0.
[0231] To a solution of Intermediate lg-3 (2.45 g, 9.62 mmol) and TEA (8.04 mL, 57.7 mmol) in DCM (35 mL) was added Boc anhydride (8.84 mL, 38.49 mmol) and DMAP (117 mg, 962μmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lg-4 (3.6 g) as a colorless oil.
[0232] To a solution of Intermediate lg-4 (3 g, 6.60 mmol) and 4, 4,5,5- tetramethyl-2-vinyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolane (3.36 mL, 19.8 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) and H2O (3 mL) were added K2CO3 (1.82 g, 13.2 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Ch (483 mg, 660 μmol) at rt. After the mixture was degassed and purged with N2 (3x), the mixture was warmed to 100 °C and then stirred at 100 °C for 16 hours under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lg-5 (2.57 g) as a yellow oil. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for C15H18F3N2O4 [M+H]+ 347.1, found 347.0.
[0233] To a solution of Intermediate lg-5 (2.07 g, 4.64 mmol) in dioxane (40 mL) and H2O (8 mL) were added NalCL (2.48 g, 11.6 mmol), 2, 6-dimethylpyridine (1.08 mL, 9.27 mmol) and dipotassium; dioxido(dioxo)osmium; dihydrate (34.2 mg, 92.7 μmol,) at 20 °C. The mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was poured into water (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 3). The combined organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SC>4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lg-6 (1.29 g) as a yellow oil
[0234] To a solution of Intermediate lg-6 (1.49 g, 3.32 mmol) in i-PrOH (20 mL) and DCM (20 mL) were added AcOH (951 pL, 16.62 mmol), MgSCL (2.00 g, 16.6 mmol) and methylhydrazine (1.09 mL, 8.25 mmol) at 20 °C. The mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 2 hours. After adding DBU (10.0 mL, 66.5 mmol), the mixture was further stirred at 20 °C for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched by addition of H2O (50 mL) and extracted with DCM (50 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na2SC>4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lg-7 (783 mg,) as a yellow solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for C14H16F3N4O3 [M+H]+ 345.1, found 345.1.
[0235] A mixture of Intermediate lg-7 (783 mg, 1.76 mmol) in TFA (5 mL) and DCM (20 mL) was stirred at 20 °C for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lg (430 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for C9H8F3N4O [M+H]+ 245.1, found 244.9.
Example Al-h Preparation of Intermediate Ih
[0236] To a solution of 5,7-dichloro-3H-pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-one (387mg, 2.31 mmol) and 2,4-Dimethoxybenzylamine (348 pL, 2.31 mmol) in dioxane (60 mL) was added DIEA (2.42 mL, 13.9 mmol) at rt. The mixture warmed to 120 °C and then stirred at 120 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give Intermediate lh-1 (710 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for C16H16CIN4O3 [M+H]+ 347.1, found 347.0.
[0237] To a solution of Intermediate lh-1 (710 mg, 2.05 mmol) and 4, 4, 5, 5- tetramethyl-2-vinyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolane (695 pL, 4.09 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) and PEO (1 mL) were added Pd(dppf)C12 (150mg, 205 μmol) and K2CO3 (566 mg, 4.09 mmol) at rt. The mixture was warmed to 100 °C and then stirred at 100 °C for 16 hours under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give Intermediate lh-2 (560 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C18H19N4O3 [M+H]+ 339.1, found 339.1.
[0238] To a solution of Intermediate lh-2 (400 mg, 1.18 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) and H2O (2 mL) were added NalCh (632 mg, 2.96 mmol), 2,6-dimethylpyridine (275 pL, 2.36 mmol) and dipotassium;dioxido(dioxo)osmium;dihydrate (8.71 mg, 23.64 μmol) in one portion at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was poured into water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lh-3 (280 mg) as a yellow solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C17H17N4O4 [M+H]+ 341.12, found 341.0.
[0239] To a solution of Intermediate lh-3 (280 mg, 823 μmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added DAST (217 pL, 1.65 mmol) in one portion at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 1 hour. The mixture was poured into water (20 mL) and extracted with DCM (10 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residues were purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lh-4 (230 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C17H17E2N4O3 [M+H]+ 363.1, found 363.2.
[0240] To a mixture of Intermediate lh-4 (230 mg, 635 μmol) and K2CO3 (263 mg, 1.90 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added Mel (59 pL 952 μmol) in one portion at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 1 hour. The mixture was poured into water (2 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (5 mL x 3). The combined organic layer was dried with anhydrous Na2SC>4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lh-5 (170 mg) as a white solid. JH NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 9.50-9.37 (m, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.29-7.26 (m, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.61- 6.31 (m, 3H), 4.68 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H).
[0241] To a solution of Intermediate lh-5 (170 mg, 452 μmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added dropwise TFA (2 mL) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 2 hours. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 7~8 by adding sat. aq. NaHCCL. The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (5 mL x 3). The combined organic layer was dried with anhydrous Na2SC>4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lh (60 mg) as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 8.43 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 6.79 (t, J = 56.0 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H).
Example Al-i Preparation of Intermediate li
[0242] To a solution of Intermediate la (200 mg, 835 μmol) in CH3CN (50 mL) was added NBS (297 mg, 1.67 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 2 hours under blue light. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove solvent. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC to give Intermediate li-1 (130 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for CioHioBrClNsCE [M+H]+ 318.0, found 318.1.
[0243] To a solution of Intermediate li-1 (120 mg, 377 μmol) in CH3CN (3.0 mL) was added NMO (88 mg, 753 μmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate li-2 (50 mg) as a white solid.
[0244] To a solution of Intermediate li-2 (30 mg, 118 μmol) in DCM (5.0 mL) was added DAST (47 pL, 354.83 μmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched by adding saturated aqueous NaHCCh (5 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM 10 mL (5 mL x 2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate li (30 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C10H9CIP2N3O2 [M+H]+ 276.0, found 276.0.
Example Al -j Preparation of Intermediate Ij
[0245] The mixture of 6-amino-l,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-l,2,3,4- tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (1.5 g, 8.33 mmol) and 1,1 -dimethoxy -N,N-dimethyl- methanamine (3.97 g, 33.30 mmol, 4.42 mL, 4 eq) in DMF (40 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 (3x) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 145 °C for 0.5 hour under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate lj-1 (1.22 g) as a yellow solid. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 8.26 (s, 1H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.07 (s, 3H).
[0246] The mixture of Intermediate lj-1 (1.22 g, 5.19 mmol) in H2SO4 (75% v/v aq. soln., 12 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 (3x) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 3.5 hours under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was cooled to rt, diluted with ice cold water (30 mL). The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried directly to give Intermediate lj-2 (0.83 g) as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 12.74 (br s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H).
[0247] To a solution of Intermediate lj-2 (0.96 g, 4.61 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) were added POCI3 (516 pL, 5.53 mmol) and N, N-dimethylaniline (585 pL, 4.61 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 115 °C for 24 hours. The reaction was quenched by addition H2O (30 mL) and NaHCCh (50 mL). The mixture was extracted with DCM (40 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with H2O (40 mL x 2), dried Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residues were purified by silica column chromatography to give Intermediate lj (0.25 g) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for C8H8C1N4O2 [M+H]+ 227.0, found 226.9.
Example A2
Preparation of Intermediate 2-1
[0248] A mixture of 5-amino-l,3-dimethylpyrido[3,4-e]pyrimidine-2, 4-dione (200 mg, 970 μmol), l,3-dibromo-2-methylbenzene (291 mg, 1.16 mmol), NaOtBu (280 mg, 2.91 mmol), Pd2(dba)s (44 mg, 49 μmol) and BINAP (36 mg, 58 μmol) in toluene (6 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 for 3 times, then the mixture was stirred at 110 °C for 16 h under N2 atmosphere. Upon completion, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The crude product was triturated with EtOAc at 15 °C three times, to give Intermediate 2-1 (300 mg, crude) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for CieHigBr^CE [M+H]+ 375.0, found 374.9.
[0249] The intermediates shown in Table A-l were prepared by an analogous reaction protocol as was used for the preparation of Intermediate 2-1 using the appropriate starting materials.
Table A-l
Example A2-a
Preparation of Intermediate 2a- 1
[0250] To a solution of Intermediate la (60 mg, 250 μmol) and 3-bromo-2- methylaniline (62 pL, 501 μmol) in isopropyl alcohol (iPrOH, 0.5 mL) was added hydrochloric acid (12 M, 2.1 pL). The mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 12 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 2a-l (65 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for Ci7Hi8BrN4O2 [M+H]+ 389.1, found 389.0.
[0251] The intermediates shown in Table A- la were prepared by an analogous reaction protocol as was used for the preparation of Intermediate 2a- 1 using the appropriate starting materials. Table A- la
Example A2-b
Preparation of Intermediate 2b- 1
[0252] A mixture of Intermediate lb-4 (260 mg, 885.47 μmol, 1 eq.), 3-bromo-2- methylaniline (197.69 mg, 1.06 mmol, 130.92 pL, 1.2 eq.) and DIEA (572.20 mg, 4.43 mmol, 771.16 pL, 5 eq.) in i-PrOH (3 mL) was stirred at 90 °C for 48 h under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography. The crude product was triturated twice with MeOH at 25 °C. Intermediate 2b-l (140 mg) was obtained as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for Ci7Hi5BrF3N4O2 [M+H]+ 443.0, found 442.9.
[0253] The intermediates shown in Table A- lb were prepared by an analogous reaction protocol as was used for the preparation of Intermediate 2b- 1 using the appropriate starting materials.
Table A- lb
Example A2-c
Preparation of Intermediate 2c- 1
[0254] To a solution of Intermediate le (110 mg, 426 μmol), 3-bromo-2- methylaniline (63 pL, 511 μmol) and DIEA (148 pL, 852 μmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added HATU (243mg, 639 μmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. The reaction was quenched by addition of H2O (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted by DCM (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SC>4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give Intermediate 2c-l (70 mg) as a yellow solid. JH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/e) δ = 11.13 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (t, J = 54.0 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H).
[0255] The intermediates shown in Table A-lc were prepared by an analogous reaction protocol as was used for the preparation of Intermediate 2c- 1 using the appropriate starting materials. Table A-lc
Example A2-d Preparation of Intermediate 2a-4a
[0256] To a solution of Intermediate 2a-4 (0.45 g, 1.18 mmol) in DCM (5.0 mL) were added pyridine (285 pL, 3.53 mmol) and Tf2O (291 pL, 1.76 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 12 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 2a-4a as a yellow solid. JH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ = 11.94 (s, 1H), 8.89 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 6.96 (t, J = 54.4 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H).
Example A3 Preparation of Intermediate 3-1 [0257] A mixture of Intermediate 2-1 (150 mg, crude), Pimfh (203mg, 800 μmol), KOAc (118 mg, 1.20 mmol), Pd(dppf)C12 (23 mg, 32 μmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 three times, and then the mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 16 h under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated directly. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 3-1 (168 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C22H28BN4O4 [M+H]+ 423.2, found 423.1.
[0258] The intermediates shown in Table A-2 were prepared by an analogous reaction protocol as was used for the preparation of Intermediate 3-1 using the appropriate starting materials.
Table A-2: Example A4
Preparation of Intermediate 4
[0259] A mixture of 6-Chloro-2-methoxynicotinaldehyde (1.5 g, 8.74 mmol), (3- Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)boronic acid (2.06 g, 8.74 mmol), K2CO3 (3.62 g, 26.23 mmol), Pd(PPhs)4 (1.01 g, 874 μmol) in dioxane (30 mL) and H2O (3 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 three times, and then the mixture was stirred at 95 °C for 3 h under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel to give Intermediate 4 (2.24 g) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for CnHioBrClNCE [M+H]+ 326.0, found 325.7.
[0260] The intermediate shown in Table A-2a were prepared by an analogous reaction protocol as was used for the preparation of Intermediate 4-1 using the appropriate starting materials.
Table A-2a
Example A5 Preparation of Intermediate 5-1
[0261] To a solution of Intermediate 4 (210 mg, 1.84 mmol) and NaOAc (151 mg,
1.84 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) and i-PrOH (5 mL) was added (R)-5-Aminomethyl-pyrrolidin-2- one hydrochloride (500 mg, 1.53 mmol), AcOH (351pL, 6.12 mmol) and borane; 2- methylpyridine (655 mg, 6.12 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 3 h. The mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 5-1 (676 mg) as a yellow solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for CisHzoBrClNsCh [M+H]+ 424.0, found 424.0.
[0262] The intermediates shown in Table A-3 were prepared by an analogous reaction protocol as was used for the preparation of Intermediate 5-1 using the appropriate starting materials.
Table A-3 Example A6
Preparation of Intermediate 6
[0263] A mixture of compound 3-chloro-l-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-777- cyclopenta[c]yridin-7-one (7.0 g, 35 mmol), Pimlh (18 g, 71 mmol), AcOK (10.4 g, 106 mmol) and PdC12(dtbpf) (1.15 g, 1.77 mmol) in dioxane (70 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 three times, and the mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 16 h under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was triturated with a mixture of methyl-tert-butyl ether and ethyl acetate(MTBE:EA = 3 : 1 ) at 15 °C for 16 h to give Intermediate 6-1 (15 g, crude) as a black oil, which was used for next step reaction without further purification.
[0264] A mixture of Intermediate 6-1 (15.00 g), l,3-dibromo-2-chloro-benzene (23.5 g, 87.0 mmol), K2CO3 (18.0 g, 130 mmol), Pd(dppf)C12 (3.18 g, 4.35 mmol) in dioxane (150 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 for 3 times, and then the mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 12 h under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 6 (5 g) as a brown solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for CisHnBrClNCE [M+H]+ 352.0, found 352.0.
Example A7
Preparation of Intermediate 8B
[0265] A mixture of Intermediate 7 (10.5 g, 43.70 mmol) was separated by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) to give Intermediate 7A (5.18 g, 96% purity) and Intermediate 7B (5.24 g, 98% purity) as a white solid. With analytic SFC conditions (Column: Chiral NS-3 100 x 4.6mm I.D., 3 pm; Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: ethanol (0.05% DEA); Gradient: from 5% to 40% of B in 2 min and hold 40% for 1 min, then 5% of B for 1 min; Flow rate: 2.8mL/min; Column temp.: 35 °C; ABPR: 1500 psi), Intermediate 7A’s retention time is 1.69 min, and Intermediate 7B’s retention time is 1.98 min.
[0266] A mixture of Intermediate 7B (5.19 g, 21.60 mmol) in HCl/dioxane (50 mb) and DCM (50 mL) was stirred at 25 °C for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give Intermediate 8B (4.1 g) as a white solid HC1 salt. JH NMR (400 MHz, methanol-^) δ = 3.57-3.37 (m, 3H), 3.34 (s, 1H), 2.55-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.15 (m, 4H).
Example A8
Preparation of Intermediates 9A & 9B
[0267] A mixture of Intermediate 6 (3.74 g, 10.7 mmol) and Intermediate 8B’s HC1 salt (3.75 g) and ZnCl2 (2.92 g, 21.4 mmol) in EtOH (80 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 12 h. Then NaBEFCN (2.00 g, 31.9 mmol) was added into the mixture and stirred at 80 °C for 28 h. The mixture was quenched by adding water (100 mL). The mixture was extracted with DCM (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 100 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC to give Intermediate 9 (2.46 g, 98% purity) as a yellow oil. MS: ES m/z calculated for C22H24BrClN3O2 [M+H]+ 476.1, found 476.1.
[0268] A mixture of Intermediate 9 (2.46 g, 5.16 mmol) was separated by SEC to give Intermediate 9A (1.1 g, 96% purity) as a brown oil and Intermediate 9B (1.2 g, 96% purity) as a brown oil. With analytic SFC conditions (Column: Chiral NS-3 100 x 4.6mm I.D., 3 pm; Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: ethanol (0.05% DEA); Gradient: from 5% to 40% of B in 2 min and hold 40% for 1 min, then 5% of B for 1 min Flow rate: 2.8mL/min; Column temp.: 35 °C; ABPR: 1500 psi), Intermediate 9A’s retention time is 2.14 min, and Intermediate 9B’s retention time 2.51 min.
[0269] The absolute configuration of Intermediate 9B was identified by the X- ray. The crystal of Intermediate 9B’s HC1 salt was a colorless block with the following dimensions: 0.40 x 0.15 x 0.05 mm3. The symmetry of the crystal structure was assigned the monoclinic space group P21 with the following parameters: a = 7.9600(2) A, b = 7.16290(10) A, c = 19.9493(3) A, a = 90°, P = 100.938(2)°, y = 90°, V = 1116.78(4) A3, Z = 2, De = 1.526 g/cm3, F(000) = 524.0, p(CuKa) = 4.907 mm'1, and T = 293(2) K. Figure 1A shows the absolute configuration structure and Figure IB shows the ORTEP crystal structure of the chloride salt of Intermediate 9B.
Example A9
Preparation of Intermediate 12A
[0270] Tert-butyl 7-oxo-2,6,8-triazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2-carboxylate (6.62 g, 25.52 mmol) was separated by SFC to give compound Intermediate 11A (3.16 g) as an off-white solid and Intermediate 11B (3.03 g) as an off-white solid. With analytic SFC conditions (Column: Chiralpak IC-3 50x4.6mm I.D., 3 pm Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: Ethanol (0.05% DEA) Gradient: from 5% to 40% of B in 1.5 min and hold 40% of 1 min, then 5% of B for 0.5 min; Flow rate: 4 mL/min, Column temp.: 35 °C, ABPR: 1500 psi), Intermediate llA’s retention time is 1.46 min, and Intermediate 1 IB’s retention time 2.15 min. The chiral centers in Intermediate 11A and Intermediate 11B marked with asterisks are indicated as (5) and (/?), respectively, but represent relative configurations.
[0271] To a solution of Intermediate! 1 A (3.16 g, 13.10 mmol) in DCM (32 mL) was added TFA (8 mL). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give Intermediate 12A (6.26 g, TFA salt) as a brown oil.
Example A10
Preparation of Intermediates 13A & 13B
[0272] To a solution of Intermediate 6 (2.33 g, 6.62 mmol) in EtOH (100 mL) was added Intermediate 12A (4.8 g) and ZnCh (621 pL, 13.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 16 h. Then NaBFLCN (1.25 g, 19.87 mmol) was added into the mixture, and the mixture was stirred at 80 °C for further 24 h. The mixture was cooled to rt and diluted with water (100 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 13 (1.9 g) as a yellow solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C2iH23BrClN4O2 [M+Na]+ 499.1, found 499.0.
[0273] Intermediate 13 (1.9 g, 3.98 mmol) was separated by SFC to afford Intermediate 13A (890 mg) as off white solid and Intermediate 13B (810 mg) as an off- white solid. With analytic SFC condition (Column: Chiralpak IC-3 50x4.6mm I.D., 3 pm Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: Ethanol (0.05% DEA) Gradient: from 5% to 40% of B in 1.5 min and hold 40% of 1 min, then 5% of B for 0.5 min Flow rate: 4 mL/min, Column temp.: 35 °C, ABPR: 1500 psi), Intermediate 13A’s retention time is 1.55 min, and Intermediate 13B’s retention time is 1.64 min. The chiral centers of Intermediate 13A and Intermediate 13B marked with asterisks are assigned as (S,S), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (R, S), (RJ't) or (S, R) once the absolute configuration is determined.
Example Al l
Preparation of Intermediates 14A & 14B [0274] The mixture of (R)-5-Aminomethyl-pyrrolidin-2-one hydrochloride (552 mg, 3.66 mmol) and Intermediate 6 (760 mg, 2.16 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) was stirred at 50 °C for 16 h. To the mixture was added NaBHsCN (406 mg, 6.47 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 24 h. The reaction was quenched by addition of H2O (10 mL) at 25 °C. The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 20 mL), dried over Na2SC>4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give compound Intermediate 14 (940 mg, 94% purity) as a yellow oil. MS: ES m/z calculated for C2oH22BrClN302 [M+H]+ 450.1, found 449.8.
[0275] A mixture of Intermediate 14 (940 mg, 1.96 mmol) was separated by SEC to give compound Intermediate 14A (360 mg) as a yellow solid. Intermediate 14B (410 mg) was obtained as a yellow solid. With analytic SFC conditions (Column: Chiralpak IF-3 100x4.6mm I.D., 3pm Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: Ethanol (0.05% DEA), Gradient: 40% ETOH (0.05% DEA) Flow rate: 2.8ml/min Column temp.: 35 °C, ABPR: 1500psi), Intermediate 14A’s retention time is 2.06 min. Intermediate 14B’s retention time is 2.32 min. The chiral centers in Intermediate 14A and Intermediate 14B marked with asterisks are each indicated as (5), but represent relative configurations, tentatively assigned pending confirmation of the absolute configurations, and could be indicated as (R).
Example Al 2
Preparation of Intermediates 15
[0276] To a solution of 6-chloro-4-iodo-2-methoxynicotinaldehyde (9.20 g, 30.9 mmol) and TEA (12.9 mL, 92.8 mmol) in DCM (180 mL) was added CH3NO2 (2.54 mL, 46.9 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 hours. The reaction was quenched by addition of H2O (150 mL) and extracted by DCM (50 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (150 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 15- 1 (5.17 g) as a white solid. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 7.49 (s, 1H), 5.74 (dd, J = 3.6, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 4.89-4.77 (m, 2H), 4.51 (dd, J = 3.6, 12.4 Hz, 1H), 4.07 (s, 3H).
[0277] To a solution of Intermediate 15-1 (5.17 g, 14.42 mmol) and TEA (6.02 mL, 43.3 mmol) in DCM (120 mL) was added methylsulfonyl methanesulfonate (3.77 g, 21.63 mmol) at 0 °C. After the mixture was degassed and purged with (3x), the mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 12 hours under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give Intermediate 15-2 (2.5 g) as a yellow solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) 8 = 8.25 (dd, J = 2.0, 13.6 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (dd, J =1.6, 13.2 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 3H).
[0278] To a solution of Intermediate 15-2 (4.2 g, 12.3 mmol) in THF (110 mL) were added HOAc (7.06 mL, 123.35 mmol) and NaBH4 (1.22 g, 32.3 mmol) at 0 °C. The resulting suspension was stirred at 25 °C for 16 hours. The reaction was quenched by the addition of water (100 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mLx 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 15-3 (4.0 g) as a yellow solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for C8H9CIIN2O3 [M+H]+ 342.9, found 342.8; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 7.32 (s, 1H), 4.47-4.40 (m, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.43-3.37 (m, 2H). [0279] To a solution of Intermediate 15-3 (4.0 g, 11.7 mmol) in MeOH (100 mL) and H2O (60 mL) were added Fe (3.26 g, 58.4 mmol) and NH4CI (3.12 g, 58.4 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 16 hours under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residues were purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 15-4 (2.5 g) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for C8HHC1IN2O [M+H]+ 313.0, found 312.8; ' H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 8.43-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 7.45-6.38 (m, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.01-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.81 (m, 2H).
[0280] A mixture of Intermediate 15-4 (2.5 g, 8.00 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (180 mg, 800 μmol), Na2CO3 (2.12 g, 20.0 mmol) and DABCO (176 pL,.6O mmol) in CH3CN (150 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 (3x) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 16 hours under CO (50 PSI ) atmosphere. The mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residues were purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 15-5 (1.1 g,) as a yellow solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for MS: ES m/z calculated for C9H10CIN2O2 [M+H]+ 213.04, found 212.9; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.38 (dt, J= 2.8, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (t, J= 6.8 Hz, 2H).
[0281] To a solution of Intermediate 15-5 (1.1 g, 5.17 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was added BH3-Me2S (10 M, 1.03 mL) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 16 hours. The reaction was quenched by the addition MeOH 10 mL at 25 °C, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 15-6 (100 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C9H12CIN2O [M+H]+ 199.06, found 199.0.
[0282] To a solution of Intermediate 15-6 (100 mg, 503 μmol) , methyl 4-(2- oxoethyl) norbornane-1 -carboxylate (99 mg, 503 μmol) and AcOH (1 mL, 17.5 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added borane 2-methylpyridine (162 mg, 1.51 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 hours. The reaction was quenched by addition of H2O (50 mL), and extracted by DCM (50 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give Intermediate 15 (200 mg) as a yellow oil. MS: ES m/z calculated for C2OH28C1N203 [M+H]+ 379.2, found 379.1. Example Al 6
Preparation of Intermediates 16A and 16B
[0283] To a solution of tert-butyl 3-nitropyrrolidine-l-carboxylate (2 g, 9.25 mmol) in THF (30 mL) were added DBU (2.09 mL, 13.87 mmol) and acrylic acid (761 pL, 11.1 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 4 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC to give Intermediate 16-1 (2.1 g) as a white solid. [0284] To a solution of Intermediate 16-1 (1.9 g, 6.59 mmol), DIEA (1.70 g, 13.18 mmol, 2.30 mL) and NH4CI (705.06 mg, 13.18 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added HATU (3.01 g, 7.91 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography and re-purified by prep-HPLC to give Intermediate 16-2 (957 mg) as a colorless oil. MS: ES m/z calculated for CnFhiNsNaOs [M+Na]+ 310.1, found 310.0.
[0285] A mixture of Intermediate 16-2 (850 mg, 2.96 mmol), pyridine (478 pL, 5.92 mmol) in DMF (8 mL) and H2O (8 mL) was stirred at 25 °C for 0.5 h. (Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo)benzene (1.91 g, 4.44 mmol) was added into the mixture at 25 °C for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC to give Intermediate 16-3 (784 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for CiiH2iN3NaO4 [M+Na]+ 282.2, found 282.0.
[0286] To a solution of Intermediate 16-3 (784 mg, 3.02 mmol) and TEA (1.26 mL, 9.07 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) were added (Boc)2O (1.39 mL, 6.05 mmol) and DMAP (37 mg, 302 μmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 16-4 (639 mg) as a yellow oil. MS: ES m/z calculated for Ci6H29N3NaO6[M+Na]+ 382.2, found 382.1.
[0287] To a flask with Pd/C (189 mg, 10% purity) was added t-BuOH (20 mL) and Intermediate 16-4 (639 mg, 1.78 mmol) under Ar. The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with H2 several times. The mixture was stirred under H2 (50 psi) at 70 °C for 16 h. The mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 16-5 (465 mg) as a colorless oil. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform- J) 5 5.28 (s, 1H), 3.47 (dd, J = 8.8, 18.8 Hz, 2H), 3.36-3.11 (m, 4H), 1.93-1.68 (m, 4H), 1.50 (s, 18H).
[0288] To a solution of Intermediate 16-5 (360 mg, 1.09 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added t-BuOK (1 M, 1.64 mL). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. The mixture was adjusted to pH~7 by addition of FA, then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 16 (220 mg) as a white solid. [0289] A mixture of Intermediate 16 (200 mg) was separated by SEC to give Intermediate 16A (70 mg) as a white solid and Intermediate 16B (80 mg) as a white solid. The chiral centers in Intermediate 16A and Intermediate 16B marked with asterisks are indicated as (S) and (R), respectively, but represent relative configurations. Intermediate 16A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-J) 5 5.60-5.15 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.20 (m, 6H), 1.99-1.76 (m, 4H), 1.57-1.36 (m, 9H). Intermediate 16B: MS: ES m/z calculated for Ci2H2iN3NaO3[M+Na]+ 278.2, found 278.3.
Example Al 7
Preparation of Intermediates 18 A and 18B
[0290] A mixture of Intermediate 16A (70 mg, 274.17 μmol) in TFA (1 mL) and DCM (1 mL) was stirred at 20 °C for 3 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give Intermediate 17A (crude, 42 mg) as a colorless oil, which was directly used in the next step without further purification.
[0291] To a solution of crude Intermediate 17A (95 mg), Intermediate 6 (42 mg, 270.62 μmol) and ZnCh (73.77 mg, 541.25 μmol, 25.38 pL) in EtOH (1 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 12 h. NaBHsCN (51.02 mg, 811.87 μmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 28 h. The mixture was extracted with DCM (3 x 5 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2x 5 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 18 (65 mg, 47.37% yield) as a yellow solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C22H25BrClN4O2 [M+H]+ 491.1, found 491.2.
[0292] A mixture of Intermediate 18 (65 mg) was separated by SFC to offer Compound 18A (31 mg) as a colorless oil and Compound 18B (31 mg) as a colorless oil. With analytic SFC condition (Column: Chiralpak AD-3 50 x 4.6 mm I.D.,3 pm Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: Ethanol with 0.05% DEA; Gradient: from 5% to 40% of B in 1.5 min and hold 40% of 1 min, then 5% of B for 0.5 min Flow rate: 4mL/min Column temp.:35 ABPR: 1500 psi).
[0293] Intermediate ISA’s retention time was 1.54 min, and Intermediate 18B’s retention time was 1.72 min. The chiral centers of Intermediate 18A marked with asterisks are assigned as (S,S), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (R, S), (RJ't) or (5,7?) once the absolute configuration is determined. The chiral centers of Intermediate 18B marked with asterisks are assigned as (R, 5), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (5,5), (7?, 7?) or (5,7?) once the absolute configuration is determined.
Example Al 8
Preparation of Intermediates 19A and 19B
[0294] To a mixture of Intermediate 16B (80mg) in DCM (4 mL) was added TFA
(1 mL) in one portion at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 3 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum to afford Intermediate 17B (crude, 50 mg) as a yellow solid TFA salt.
[0295] To a solution of Intermediate 6 (100 mg, 283.60 μmol), Intermediate 17B (50 mg) and ZnCh (26.59 pL, 567 μmol) in EtOH (10 mL) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 12 h. To the mixture was added NaBFLCN (35.64 mg, 567 μmol), and the mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 28 h. The mixture was poured in water (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 5 mL), dried over IS^SCL, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 19 (120 mg) as a yellow solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C^FhsBrCIN-iCh [M+H]+ 491.1, found 490.9.
[0296] Intermediate 19 (120 mg) was separated by SFC to offer Intermediate 19A (35 mg) as a white solid and Intermediate 19B (35 mg) as a white solid. Under analytic SFC conditions (Column: Chiralpak AD-3 50 x 4.6 mm I.D.,3 pm Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: Ethanol with 0.05% DEA; Gradient: from 5% to 40% of B in 1.5 min and hold 40% of 1 min, then 5% of B for 0.5 min; Flow rate: 4mL/min; Column temp.: 35 °C, ABPR: 1500psi). Intermediate 19A’s retention time was 1.67 min, and Intermediate 19B’s retention time was 1.72 min. The chiral centers of Intermediate 19A marked with asterisks are assigned as (A /?), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (/</?), (S,S) or (R, S) once the absolute configuration is determined. The chiral centers of Intermediate 19B marked with asterisks are assigned as (R,R), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (S, R), (R, S) or (S,S) once the absolute configuration is determined. Example Al 9
Preparation of Intermediates 21 A and 21B
[0297] To a solution oftert-Butyl 6,8-dioxo-3,7,9-triazaspiro[4.4]nonane-3- carboxylate (2 g, 7.83 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) were added 1 -chloro-2-methoxy-ethane (2.14 mL, 23.50 mmol), K2CO3 (2.71 g, 19.6 mmol) and KI (2.60 g, 15.67 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 20 h. The mixture was cooled to rt and filtered. The filtrate was diluted with EtOAc (30 mL) and washed with water (150 mL). The organic layers were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (150 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography and prep-HPLC to give Intermediate 20 (1.85 g) as a colorless oil. MS: ES m/z calculated for CuIfeNsNaOs [M+Na]+ 336.2, found 336.0.
[0298] To a solution of Intermediate 20 (1 g, 3.19 mmol) in THE (50 mL) was added BH3-Me2S (10 M, 2.07 mL, 20.7 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 65 °C for 4.5 h. To the mixture was added MeOH (5 mL) slowly at 0 °C. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by HPLC to give Intermediate 21 (300 mg). MS: ES m/z calculated for C14H26N3O4 [M+H]+ 300.2, found 300.0.
[0299] Intermediate 21 (300 mg) was purified by SFC to give Intermediate 21A (100 mg) as a yellow oil and Intermediate 21B (120 mg) as a yellow oil. Under analytic SFC conditions (Column: Chiralpak IG 50 x 4.6 mm I.D., 3 pm; Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: isopropanol (0.05% DEA); Gradient: from 5% to 40% of B in 2.5 min and hold 40% for 0.5 min, then 5% of B for 1 min; Flow rate: 4.0 mL/min; Column temp.: 35 °C; ABPR: 1500 psi); Intermediate 21A’s retention time was 1.20 min. Intermediate 21B’s retention time was 1.28 min. The chiral centers in Intermediate 21A and Intermediate 21B marked with asterisks are indicated as (R) and (S)', respectively, but represent relative configurations.
Example A20
Preparation of Intermediates 23 A and 23B
[0300] To a mixture of Intermediate 21 A (100 mg) in DCM (4 mL) was added TFA (1 mL) in one portion at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum to afford Intermediate 22A’s TFA salt (100 mg) as a yellow solid. Intermediate 22A’s TFA salt was directly used in the next step without further purification.
[0301] To a mixture of Intermediate 22A’s TFA salt (100 mg) and Intermediate 6 (113 mg, 319 μmol) in EtOH (10 mL) was added ZnCh (30 pL, 638 μmol) in one portion at 25 °C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 16 h. Once the mixture was cooled to 25 °C, NaBFFCN (40 mg, 638 μmol) was added. The mixture was then warmed to 80 °C and stirred at 80 °C for 24 h. The mixture was poured into water (50 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with EA (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford Intermediate 23 (100 mg) as a yellow solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C24H28BrClN4NaO3 [M+Na]+ 557.1, found 556.9.
[0302] Intermediate 23 was separated by SFC to give Intermediate 23A (22 mg) as a colorless oil and Intermediate 23B (24 mg) as a colorless oil. Under analytic SFC conditions (Column: Chiralpak AS-3 50 x 4.6 mm I.D., 3 pm; Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: isopropanol (0.05% DEA); Gradient: from 5% to 40% of B in 2.5 min and hold 40% for 0.5 min, then 5% ofB for 1 min; Flow rate: 4.0 mL/min; Column temp.: 35 °C; ABPR: 1500 psi), Compound 23A’s retention time was 1.61 min, and Compound 23B’s retention time was 2.19 min. The chiral centers of Intermediate 23A marked with asterisks are assigned as (S, R), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (S,S), (RJ't) or (R, S) once the absolute configuration is determined. The chiral centers of Intermediate 23B marked with asterisks are assigned as (A, A), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (S, R), (R,S) or (S,S) once the absolute configuration is determined.
Example A21
Preparation of Intermediates 24A and 24B
[0303] To a solution of Intermediate 21B (120 mg, 401 μmol) in DCM (4 mL) was added TFA (1.54 g, 13.46 mmol, 1 mL). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude Intermediate 22B’s TFA salt (120 mg) as a white solid, which was used in the next step reaction directly without further purification.
[0304] To a solution of crude Intermediate 22B (120.00 mg) and Intermediate 6 (212 mg, 602.26 μmol) in EtOH (10 mL) was added ZnCL (56 pL, 1.20 mmol) in one portion at 25 °C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 16 h. Once the mixture was cooled to 25 °C, NaBFUCN (75.69 mg, 1.20 mmol) was added. The mixture was warmed to 80 °C and stirred at 80 °C for 24 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give a residue. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give Intermediate 24 (0.17 g) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C24H29BrClN4O3 [M+H]+ 535.1, found 534.9.
[0305] Intermediate 24 (0.17 g) was purified by SFC to give Intermediate 24A (0.06 g) as a white solid and Intermediate 24B (0.04 g) as a white solid. Under analytic SFC conditions (Column: Chiralpak IG 50 x 4.6 mm I.D., 3 pm; Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: isopropanol (0.05% DEA); Gradient: from 5% to 40% of B in 2.5 min and hold 40% for 0.5 min, then 5% ofB for 1 min; Flow rate: 4.0 mL/min; Column temp.: 35 °C; ABPR: 1500 psi), Intermediate 24A’s retention time was 1.57 min, and Intermediate 24B’s retention time was 1.77 is min. The chiral centers of Intermediate 24A marked with asterisks are assigned as (S,S), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (R, S), (SJi) or (/?,/?) once the absolute configuration is determined. The chiral centers of Intermediate 24B marked with asterisks are assigned as (R, S), but are relative configurations, and could be assigned as (S,S), (RJ't) or (5,7?) once the absolute configuration is determined. Example A22
Preparation of Intermediate 25
[0306] To a solution of (2-bromoethoxy)(tert-butyl)diphenylsilane (5.81 g, 15.98 mmol) and tert-Butyl 6,8-dioxo-3,7,9-triazaspiro[4.4]nonane-3-carboxylate (4 g, 15.67 mmol) in DMF (40 mL) was added K2CO3 (4.33 g, 31.34 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 16 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (60 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (2 x 60 mL), dried over Na2SC>4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give Intermediate 25-1 (3.6 g) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C29H39N3NaOsSi [M+H]+ 560.3, found 560.4.
[0307] To a solution of Intermediate 25-1 (1 g, 1.86 mmol) in THE (20 mL) was added BH3-Me2S (10 M, 929 pL, 9.29 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 65 °C for 3 h. The mixture was quenched by addition of MeOH (20 mL) at 25 °C. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC to give Intermediate 25-2 (300 mg) as a yellow solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C29H42N3O4Si [M+H]+ 524.3, found 524.3.
[0308] To a solution of Intermediate 25-2 (65 mg, 124 μmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added HCI/dioxane (2 M, 1 mL). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude Intermediate 25 (50 mg, crude) as a yellow solid and directly used into the next step without further purification.
Example A23
Preparation of Intermediates 26A, 26B, 26C, 26D
[0309] To a solution of Intermediate 25 (25 mg, crude) and Intermediate 6 (30 mg, 85 μmol) in EtOH (3 mL) were added ZnCh (7.98 pL, 170 μmol) and NaOAc (14 mg, 170 μmol). The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 16 h. NaBHsCN (16 mg, 255 μmol) was added to the mixture and then the mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 16 h. The reaction was quenched by addition of H2O (5 mL) at 20 °C, and then extracted with EtOAc (2 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC to give Intermediate 26 (15 mg, 8.91 μmol, 10.47% yield, 93% purity) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C23H2?BrClN4O3 [M+H]+ 521.1, found 521.2. Intermediate 26 was separated by SFC to give Intermediate 26 A, Intermediate 26B, Intermediate 26C and
Intermediate 26D.
Preparation of Compounds
Example 1 Preparation of Compound A-l
[0310] A mixture of Intermediate 5-1 (215 mg, 379 μmol), Intermediate 3-1 (80 mg, 189 μmol), K2CO3 (79 mg, 568 μmol), Pd-118 (12 mg, 19 μmol) in dioxane (2 mL) and H2O (0.2 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 three times, then the mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 2 h under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel chromatography and prep-HPLC to give Compound A-l (3.7 mg, 99.81% purity) as a white solid. JH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/e) 8 = 11.12 (s, 1H), 8.37-8.24 (m, 2H), 7.81 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.72-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.51 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.25 (m, 3H), 6.95 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.74-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.47 (s, 3H), 3.32 (br s, 3H), 2.55 (br d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.14-2.05 (m, 6H), 1.74-1.65 (m, 1H); MS: ES m/z calculated for C34H35CIN7O4 [M+H]+ 640.2, found 640.2. [0311] The compounds shown below in Table 1 were prepared by an analogous reaction protocol as was used for the preparation of Compound A-l using the appropriate starting materials.
Table 1
Example 2 Preparation of Compound B-l
[0312] To a solution of Intermediate 3-1(205 mg, 291 μmol) in dioxane (4 mL) and H2O (0.4 mL) was added Intermediate 13A (87 mg, 182 μmol), di-tert- butyl(cyclopentyl)-phosphane;dichloropalladium;iron (Pd-118, 12 mg, 18 μmol) and K2CO3 (50 mg, 364 μmol). The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 16 h. 2,4,6-trimercapto-s-triazine (TMT, 3 mL) was added, and the mixture was heated to 40 °C for 3 h. Then the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the residue. The compound was purified by prep- HPLC to give Compound B-l (43.58 mg, 99% purity) as a white solid. JH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/e) δ = 11.12 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.50 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J = 1.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 6.94 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 4.11 (br d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.46 (s, 3H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.13 (m, 2H), 3.10- 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.64-2.53 (m, 3H), 2.18-2.00 (m, 5H), 1.87-1.74 (m, 2H).
[0313] The compounds shown below in Table 2 were prepared by an analogous reaction protocol as was used for the preparation of Compound B-l using the appropriate starting materials.
Table 2
Example 3 Preparation of Compound C-l
[0314] Compound B-45 was prepared by an analogous reaction protocol as was used for the preparation of Compound B-l using the appropriate starting materials,
Intermediate 3-12 and Intermediate 15.
[0315] The mixture of Compound B-45 (110 mg, 137 μmol) in AcOH (1 mL, 17.5 mmol) and HC1 (12 M, 1 mL) was stirred at 40 °C for 1 hour. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC to give Compound C-l-1 (3.52 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C41H43CIF2N7O5 [M+H]+ 786.3, found 786.3; JH NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ = 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.21-8.13 (m, 1H), 7.59 (dd, J = 1.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.09-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.45 (t, J = 56.0 Hz, 1H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.24 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.01-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.92 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.04-1.94 (m, 4H), 1.74-1.56 (m, 6H), 1.53-1.44 (m, 2H).
[0316] To a solution of Compound C-l-1 (20 mg, 25.4 μmol) and NH4CI (13.6 mg, 254 μmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) were added TEA (14 μL, 102 μmol) and benzotriazol- 1- yloxy-tris(dimethylamino)-phosphonium;hexafluorophosphate (12.4 mg, 28.0 μmol) at 20 °C . The mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 12 hours. The mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC to give Compound C-l (5.35 mg) as a white solid. MS: ES m/z calculated for C41H44CIF2N8O4 [M+H]+ 785.31, found 785.3; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 11.23 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.09 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06-6.93 (m, 2H), 6.86-6.60 (m, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.68 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 2.79-2.58 (m, 6H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.84-1.72 (m, 4H), 1.56-1.45 (m, 4H), 1.44-1.31 (m, 4H).
Example A
LCMS (Liquid chromatography/Mass spectrometry)
[0317] The High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) measurement was performed using a LC pump, a diode-array (DAD) or a UV detector and a column as specified in the respective methods. If necessary, additional detectors were included (see table of methods below). Flow from the column was brought to the Mass Spectrometer (MS) which was configured with an atmospheric pressure ion source. It is within the knowledge of the skilled person to set the tune parameters (e.g. scanning range, dwell time) in order to obtain ions allowing the identification of the compound's nominal monoisotopic molecular weight (MW). Data acquisition was performed with appropriate software. Compounds are described by their experimental retention times (Rt) and ions. If not specified differently in the table of data, the reported molecular ion corresponds to the [M+H]+ (protonated molecule) and/or [M- H]'(deprotonated molecule). In case the compound was not directly ionizable the type of adduct is specified (i.e. [M+NH4] , [M+Na]+, [M+HCOO]', etc.). For molecules with multiple isotopic patterns (Br, CI), the reported value is the one obtained for the lowest isotope mass. All results were obtained with experimental uncertainties that are commonly associated with the method used. Hereinafter, "SQD" means Single Quadrupole Detector, "MSD" Mass Selective Detector, "RT" room temperature, "BEH" bridged ethylsiloxane/silica hybrid, "DAD" Diode Array Detector, "HSS" High Strength silica., "Q-Tof Quadrupole Time-off light mass spectrometers, "CLND", ChemiLuminescent Nitrogen Detector, "ELSD" Evaporative Light Scanning Detector.
Table A: LCMS Method Codes
Flow expressed in mL/min; column temperature (T) in °C; Run time in min.
Table B: LCMS
Example A-l NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)
[0318] Proton (1H) NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker spectrometer operating at 400 MHz using CDCL3 (deuterated chloroform) or DMSO-t/e (deuterated DMSO, dimethylde-sulfoxide) as solvents. Chemical shifts (d) are reported in parts per million (ppm) relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS), which was used as an internal standard.
[0319] Compound B-10: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-r/e) δ = 11.12 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.45 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.50 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J = 1.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 6.93 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 4.11 (br d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.29 (s, J = 1.2 Hz, 3H), 3.21-3.13 (m, 2H), 3.10-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.81-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.53 (m, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.18-1.99 (m, 5H), 1.87-1.73 (m, 2H).
[0320] Compound B- 14: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-tC) δ= 11.04 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.70-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.51 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.05 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 4.11 (br d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.14 (m, 2H), 3.10-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.81-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.53 (m, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.18-1.99 (m, 5H), 1.86-1.74 (m, 2H).
[0321] Compound B-18: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-tC) δ= 11.24 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.70-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.52 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.10 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (br t, J = 54.0 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 4.11 (br d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.13 (m, 2H), 3.10- 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.82-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.53 (m, 3H), 2.19-1.99 (m, 5H), 1.88-1.74 (m, 2H). [0322] Compound B-25: ' H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 11.54 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.53-8.45 (m, 2H), 7.63 (dd, J = 2.0, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.31 (m, 3H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.11-6.80 (m, 2H), 6.12-6.10 (m, 2H), 4.16-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.00 (m, 3H), 2.81-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.54 (m, 2H), 2.15 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 2.06 -2.03 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.67 (m, 3H), 1.63-1.56 (m, 1H).
[0323] Compound B-26: ' H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 12.09 (d, J= 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.88 (d, J= 7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.68 (td, J= 2.0, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.42 (dd, J= 1.6, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.19-6.90 (m, 2H), 6.11-6.09 (m, 2H), 4.17-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.78 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 3H), 3.09-3.01 (m, 3H), 2.80-2.74 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.55 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.56 (m, 4H)
[0324] Compound B-34: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6 ) δ = 11.82 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.78 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (td, J = 2.0, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J = 1.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.15-6.10 (m, 5H), 4.12-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.10-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.79- 2.67 (m, 2H), 2.64-2.55 (m, 3H), 2.18-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.75 (m, 2H).
[0325] Compound B-35: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ= 11.24 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (td, J = 2.0, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.02-6.70 (m, 3H), 6.10-6.08 (m, 2H), 4.18-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 3.35-3.35 (m, 3H), 3.09-3.00 (m, 3H), 2.79-2.62 (m, 3H), 2.57-2.54 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.00 (m, 5H), 1.78-1.56 (m, 4H).
[0326] Compound B-36: 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ =11.82 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.78 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (t, J = 7.6 Hz,lH), 7.47 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41(d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.14-6.80 (m, 3H), 6.13-6.10 (m, 2H), 4.16- 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 3.33- 3.31 (m, 3H), 3.12-2.97 (m, 3H), 2.81-2.62 (m, 3H), 2.58-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.20-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.56 (m, 4H).
[0327] Compound B-41:JH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6 ) δ = 11.77 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 8.60 (dd, J = 1.2, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (td, J = 2.0, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.42 (dd, J = 1.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.27-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.00-6.72 (m, 1H), 6.12-6.10 (m, 2H), 4.18-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 3.17-2.98 (m, 4H), 2.86-2.58 (m, 4H), 2.57-2.51 (m, 3H), 2.18- 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.58 (m, 4H). Example B PDL1/PD1 Binding Assay
[0328] Compounds to be tested were serially diluted in DMSO, and further diluted in assay buffer (25 mMHepes pH 7.4, 150 mMNaCl, 0.005% Tween 20, BSA 0.01%). Diluted compounds were added to the wells with final concentration of DMSO at 1%. PDLl-6xHis protein was added to the wells, mixed well with compound. The plates were incubated for 30 min at rt. PDl-Fc-Avi-Biotin protein was added to the wells. Final concentration of PDL1 and PD1 protein is 0.3 nM and 2.5 nM, respectively. After a binding time of 30 min at rt, Anti- 6xHis Acceptor beads (final concentration 20 ug/mL) were added to the wells, and the incubation continued for 1 h. Streptavidin Donor beads (final concentration 20 ug/mL) were added at reduced light. The plates were sealed with foil and incubated in the dark for additional 1 h or overnight before reading on an Envision reader. The IC50 values were determined by fitting the curves using a four-parameter equation in GraphPad Prism 8.
Example C PD-1/PD-L1 NFAT Reporter Assay
[0329] Cellular activity of the compounds was assessed using a co-culture reporter assay in which TCR-mediated NFAT activity of Jurkat T cells is constitutively inhibited by the engagement of PD-1 by PD-L1 expressing CHO cells. Blocking the PD-1/ PD-L1 interaction will release the inhibitory signal and results in TCR signaling and NFAT-mediated luciferase activity.
[0330] CHO cells expressing surface-bound anti-CD3 antibodies and PD-L1 were first seeded overnight and treated with the compounds. Jurkat cells overexpressing PD-1 and a luciferase construct under NFAT promoter were then immediately seeded on the monolayer of CHO cells. The co-culture was then incubated for 6 h at 37 °C. Luciferase activity was assessed by adding the ONE-Glo reagent and measuring luminescence with a plate reader. EC50 values were determined from the fit of the dose-response curves.
[0331] Compounds described herein, as exemplified in the Examples, showed EC50 or IC50 values in the following ranges: A: IC50 or EC50 <10 nM; B: 10 nM < IC50 or EC50 <100 nM; C: 100 nM < IC50 or EC50 <1000 nM; D : 1000 nM < IC50 or EC50 <10000 nM; E : IC50 or EC50 > 10000 nM; n.d. = not determined; n.r. = EC50 not reached in the range of tested concentrations starting from 1 nM to 5000 nM. Table C
[0332] Although the foregoing has been described in some detail by way of illustrations and examples for purposes of clarity and understanding, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that numerous and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. Therefore, it should be clearly understood that the forms disclosed herein are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, but rather to also cover all modification and alternatives coming with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having the structure:
B1 is
X1 is selected from CH, C-halo and N;
X2 is selected from CH, C-halo and N;
X3 is selected from CH, C-halo, N and C-ORZ1;
Y1 is selected from CH, C-halo and N;
Y2 is selected from CH, C-halo and N;
Rla is selected from -C1-4 alkyl, -C1-4 haloalkyl, -CH2(Cs-6 monocyclic cycloalkyl), -CH2(4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl) and -CH2(5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl);
Rlb is selected from -Rxl and -N(Rml)Rnl;
Rxl is optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, -C1-4 alkyl, hydroxy, -C 4 alkoxy, -C1-4 haloalkyl, -C 4 haloalkoxy, -C(=O)NHS(=O)2RZ3, -C(=O)N(RZ1)RZ2, -S(=O)2RZ3, -S(=O)2N(RZ1)RZ2,
-N(RZ1)C(=O)RZ3, -N(RZ1)S(=O)RZ3, -N(RZ1)C(=O)N(RZ1)RZ3 and
-N(RZ1)S(=O)2N(RZ2)RZ3;
Rml is selected from hydrogen, -C1-4 alkyl, C3-6 monocyclic cycloalkyl, C5-12 bicyclic cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, 8-11 membered fused- heterocyclyl and -Rx2; wherein the 4-7 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl and the 8- 11 membered fused-heterocyclyl contain at least one atom or group of atoms independently selected from O (oxygen), S (sulfur), C(=O), S(=O), S(=O)2 and N (nitrogen); wherein the -C1-4 alkyl is optionally substituted with one or two or three substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxy, -C 4 alkoxy, -C1-4 haloalkyl, -C1 4 haloalkoxy, -C(=O)NHS(=O)2RZ3, -C(=O)N(RZ1)RZ2, -S(=O)2RZ3, -S(=O)2N(RZ1)RZ2, -N(RZ1)C(=O)RZ3, -N(RZ1)S(=O)RZ3, -N(RZ1)C(=O)N(RZ2)RZ3 and -N(RZ1)S(=O)N(RZ2)RZ3; wherein the C3-6 monocyclic cycloalkyl, the C5-12 bicyclic cycloalkyl, the 4-7 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, and the 8-11 membered fused-heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or two or three substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, -C 1-4 alkyl, hydroxy, -C 4 alkoxy, -C1-4 haloalkyl, -C^ haloalkoxy, -C(=O)NHS(=O)2RZ3, -C(=O)N(RZ1)RZ2,
-S(=O)2RZ3, -S(=O)2N(RZ1)RZ2, -N(RZ1)C(=O)RZ3, -N(RZ1)S(=O)RZ3,
-N(RZ1)C(=O)N(RZ2)RZ3 and -N(RZ1)S(=O)N(RZ2)RZ3; each RX3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -Ci-4 alkyl, -Ci-4 haloalkyl, -C(=O)RZ3, -S(=O)2RZ1, -C(=O)N(RZ1)RZ2 and -S(=O)N(RZ1)RZ2;
Rnl is selected from hydrogen, -C1-4 alkyl, -C1-4 haloalkyl and -CH2(C3-6 monocyclic cycloalkyl);
Rlc is selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OH, -CN, -CH3, -C2-4 alkyl and -C2-4 haloalkyl;
Rld is selected from hydrogen, -Ci-2 alkyl and -Ci-2 haloalkyl;
Rle is selected from hydrogen, -Ci-2 alkyl and -Ci-2 haloalkyl;
Rlf is selected from hydrogen, -Ci-2 alkyl and -Ci-2 haloalkyl;
Rlg is selected from hydrogen, -Ci-2 alkyl and -Ci-2 haloalkyl;
Rlh is selected from hydrogen, -Ci-2 alkyl and -Ci-2 haloalkyl;
Ru, Rlj, Rlk, R11, Rlm and Rln are each independently selected from hydrogen, -Ci-2 alkyl and -Ci-2 haloalkyl;
Rlp is selected from hydrogen, -CH3, -C2-4 alkyl and -Rlpl, wherein Rlp is optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, -C1-4 alkyl, hydroxy, -C1 4 alkoxy, -C1-4 haloalkyl, -C1 4 haloalkoxy,
-C(=O)NHS(=O)2RZ3, -C(=O)N(RZ1)RZ2, -S(=O)2RZ3, -S(=O)2N(RZ1)RZ2,
-N(RZ1)RZ2, -N(RZ1)C(=O)RZ3, -N(RZ1)S(=O)RZ3, -N(RZ1)C(=O)N(RZ2)RZ3 and
Z1
-N(R )S(=O)2N(RZ2)RZ3;
Rlq is independently selected from hydrogen, -C1-4 alkyl and -C1-4 haloalkyl;
R2a, R2b, R20, R2e, R2g and R2h are each independently selected from hydrogen and halogen;
R2d and R2f are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2OH, -OCH3 and -SCH3;
R3a is selected from hydrogen, -CH3, -C2-4 alkyl and -C2-4 haloalkyl;
R3b is selected from hydrogen, -CH3, -C2-4 alkyl, -C2-4 haloalkyl and -C1-4 alkoxy; wherein R3b is optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, -OH, -CN, -CH3; -C2-4 alkyl, -C2-4 haloalkyl, -CH2CH2OH and -CH2CH2OCI-4 haloalkyl;
R3C is selected from hydrogen, halogen, -Ci-2 alkyl and -Ci-2 haloalkyl; R4a is selected from hydrogen, -CH3, -C2-4 alkyl and -C2-4 haloalkyl;
R4b is selected from hydrogen, halogen, -C1-4 alkyl, -C1-4 haloalkyl, -OH, -NH2, -OC1-4 alkyl and -OC1-4 haloalkyl, wherein R4b is optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, -OH, -CN, -CH3, -C2-4 alkyl, -C2-4 haloalkyl, -CH2CH2OH and -CH2CH2O-C1 -4 haloalkyl;
R4C is selected from hydrogen, halogen, -C1-2 alkyl and -C1-2 haloalkyl; mi, m2 and m3 are each independently 1 or 2;
1114 is 0, 1 or 2; ms is 1, 2, 3 or 4; m is independently 0, 1 or 2; and
RZ1, RZ2 and RZ3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, -C1-4 alkyl and -C1-4 haloalkyl, wherein the -C1-4 alkyl can be optionally substituted with one or two or three substituents independently selected from hydroxy and -ORZ4; and
RZ4 is -C1-4 alkyl.
2. The compound of Claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
3. The compound of Claim 1 or 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is N.
4. The compound of any one of Claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CH.
5. The compound of any one of Claims 1-4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X3 is CH.
6. The compound of any one of Claims 1-4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X3 is N.
7. The compound of any one of Claims 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rla is -C1-4 alkyl.
8. The compound of Claim 7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rla is -CH3.
9. The compound of any one of Claims 1-8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rlq is hydrogen.
10. The compound of any one of Claims 1-9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rlb is -Rxl.
11. The compound of Claim 10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
12. The compound of any one of Claims 1-9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rlb is -N(Rml)Rnl.
13. The compound of Claim 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rnl is hydrogen.
14. The compound of Claim 12 or 13 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rml is tetrahydrofuranyl or tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl, each optionally substituted with hydroxy or C 1-4 alkyl.
15. The compound of Claim 14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
16. The compound of Claim 12 or 13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rml is -Rx2.
17. The compound of Claim 16, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
18. The compound of Claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
19. The compound of Claim 18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is N.
20. The compound of Claim 18 or 19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CH.
21. The compound of any one of Claims 18-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rla is -Ci-4 alkyl.
22. The compound of Claim 21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rla is -CH3.
23. The compound of any one of Claims 18-22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rlc, Rld, Rle and Rlf are each hydrogen.
24. The compound of any one of Claims 18-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rlb is -Rxl.
25. The compound of Claim 24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
26. The compound of Claim 24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein -Rxl is
27. The compound of Claim 26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
28. The compound of Claim 26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
29. The compound of Claim 24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein -Rxl
30. The compound of Claim 29, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
31. The compound of any one of Claims 18-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rlb is -N(Rml)Rnl.
32. The compound of Claim 31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rnl is hydrogen.
33. The compound of Claim 31 or 32, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rml is -Rx2.
34. The compound of Claim 33, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein -Rx2 is
35. The compound of Claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A1 is
36. The compound of Claim 35, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is N.
37. The compound of Claim 35 or 36, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CH.
38. The compound of any one of Claims 35-37, wherein R11, R1-", Rlk, R11, Rlm and Rln are each hydrogen.
39. The compound of any one of Claims 35-38, wherein Rlp is -Rlpl.
40. The compound of Claim 39, wherein -Rlpl is
The compound of Claim 40, wherein -Rlpl is
42. The compound of any one of Claims 1 -41 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
43. The compound of Claim 42, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Yi is CH.
44. The compound of Claim 42, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Yi is N.
45. The compound of any one of Claims 42-44, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3a and R3b are each -CH3.
46. The compound of any one of Claims 42-45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3c is hydrogen.
47. The compound of any one of Claims 42-45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3c is -CH3.
48. The compound of any one of Claims 42-45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3c is -C1-2 haloalkyl.
49. The compound of Claim 48, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3c is -CF3.
50. The compound of Claim 48, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3c is -CHF2.
51. The compound of Claim 42, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B1 is selected from the group consisting
52. The compound of any one of Claims 1 -41 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
53. The compound of Claim 52, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y2 is CH.
54. The compound of Claim 52 or 53, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4a is -CH3.
55. The compound of any one of Claims 52-54, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4b is hydrogen.
56. The compound of any one of Claims 52-55, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4c is hydrogen.
57. The compound of any one of Claims 52-55, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4c is -CH3.
58. The compound of any one of Claims 52-55, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4c is -C1-2 haloalkyl.
59. The compound of Claim 58, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4c is -CF3.
60. The compound of Claim 58, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4c is -CHF2.
61. The compound of Claim 52, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B1 is selected from the group consisting
62. The compound of any one of Claims 1 -61 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2a, R2b, R2c, R2e, R2g and R2h are each hydrogen.
63. The compound of any one of Claims 1-62, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2d and R2f are each halogen.
64. The compound of any one of Claims 1 -62, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2d is halogen; and R2f is -CH3.
65. The compound of any one of Claims 1-62, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2d is -CH3; and R2f is halogen.
66. The compound of any one of Claims 63-65, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the halogen is chloro.
67. The compound of any one of Claims 1 -62, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2d and R2f are each -CH3.
68. The compound of Claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, selected from the group consisting of:
and or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing.
69. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of any one of Claims 1-68, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an excipient.
70. A method for treating hepatitis B in a subject comprising administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one of Claims 1-68, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
71. A method for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a subject comprising administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one of Claims 1-68, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
72. The method of any one of Claims 70-71, further comprising administering surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy or antiviral therapy.
73. A compound of any one of Claims 1-68, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating hepatitis B.
74. A compound of any one of Claims 1-68, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
75. The compound any one of Claims 73-74, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the use further comprises administering surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy or antiviral therapy.
76. Use of a compound of any one of Claims 1 -68, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for use in treating hepatitis B.
77. Use of a compound of any one of Claims 1 -68, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for use in treating hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC).
78. The use of any one of Claims 76-77, wherein the medicament is for use in combination with administering surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy or antiviral therapy.
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