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WO2025170774A1 - Conditions de commutation d'accès à un canal non primaire - Google Patents

Conditions de commutation d'accès à un canal non primaire

Info

Publication number
WO2025170774A1
WO2025170774A1 PCT/US2025/012998 US2025012998W WO2025170774A1 WO 2025170774 A1 WO2025170774 A1 WO 2025170774A1 US 2025012998 W US2025012998 W US 2025012998W WO 2025170774 A1 WO2025170774 A1 WO 2025170774A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
primary channel
ppdu
npca
wireless communication
sta
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/US2025/012998
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gaurang NAIK
George Cherian
Alfred ASTERJADHI
Abhishek Pramod PATIL
Sai Yiu Duncan Ho
Youhan Kim
Sherief Helwa
Giovanni Chisci
Sanket Sanjay Kalamkar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qualcomm Inc
Original Assignee
Qualcomm Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US19/035,641 external-priority patent/US20250254725A1/en
Application filed by Qualcomm Inc filed Critical Qualcomm Inc
Publication of WO2025170774A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025170774A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/34—Modification of an existing route
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signalling for the administration of the divided path, e.g. signalling of configuration information
    • H04L5/0092—Indication of how the channel is divided
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/15—Setup of multiple wireless link connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. Some wireless communication networks may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (such as time, frequency, or power). Further, a wireless communication network may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM), among other examples.
  • Wireless communication devices may communicate in accordance with any one or more of such wireless communication technologies, and may include wireless stations (STAs), wireless access points (APs), user equipment (UEs), network entities, or other wireless nodes.
  • STAs wireless stations
  • APs wireless access points
  • UEs user equipment
  • network entities or other wireless nodes.
  • the first wireless communication device may include a processing system that includes processor circuitry and memory circuitry that stores code.
  • the processing system may be configured to cause the first wireless communication device to receive, from a second wireless communications device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a frame initiating a transmission opportunity associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, switch to a second primary channel based on determining that a threshold duration has elapsed from an end of the frame initiating the transmission opportunity, and communicate on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • the first wireless communication device may include means for receiving, from a second wireless communications device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a frame initiating a transmission opportunity associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, means for switching to a second primary channel based on determining that a threshold duration has elapsed from an end of the frame initiating the transmission opportunity, and means for communicating on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • the code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive, from a second wireless communications device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a frame initiating a transmission opportunity associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, switch to a second primary channel based on determining that a threshold duration has elapsed from an end of the frame initiating the transmission opportunity, and communicate on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • receiving the indication may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the second wireless communications device and on the first primary channel, the indication of a short initial control frame including a duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, where the duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel satisfies a threshold duration value.
  • Some examples of the method, processing system, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for switching to the first primary channel before expiration of the duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel.
  • the threshold duration includes a sum of an initial control frame time value, a receiver start delay time value, and two times a short interframe space time value.
  • the first wireless communication device may include a processing system that includes processor circuitry and memory circuitry that stores code.
  • the processing system may be configured to cause the first wireless communication device to receive, from a second wireless communications device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a physical layer PPDU associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, the PPDU including a header portion and a data portion, switch to a second primary channel based on a length of the PPDU satisfying a threshold value and on the PPDU being an inter-BSS PPDU, and communicate on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • the first wireless communication device may include means for receiving, from a second wireless communications device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a physical layer PPDU associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, the PPDU including a header portion and a data portion, means for switching to a second primary channel based on a length of the PPDU satisfying a threshold value and on the PPDU being an inter-BSS PPDU, and means for communicating on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • Some examples of the method, processing system, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for decoding a first field included in the header portion of the PPDU to identify the length of the PPDU and decoding a second field included in the header portion of the PPDU to identify that the PPDU may be the inter-BSS PPDU, where the first field may be located earlier than the second field in the header portion.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) usable for communications between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs.
  • PHY physical layer
  • PPDU protocol data unit
  • Figure 4 shows a hierarchical format of an example PPDU usable for communications between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs.
  • Figure 5 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports non-primary channel access (NPCA) switching conditions.
  • NPCA non-primary channel access
  • Figure 7 shows an example of wireless communications that support NPCA switching conditions.
  • Figure 8 shows an example of PPDUs that support NPCA switching conditions.
  • Figures 9 and 10 show block diagrams of devices that support NPCA switching conditions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Figures 13 through 16 show flowcharts illustrating example processes performable by or at a STA that supports NPCA switching conditions.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal FDMA
  • SC-FDMA single-carrier FDMA
  • SDMA spatial division multiple access
  • RSMA rate-splitting multiple access
  • MUSA multi-user shared access
  • SU single-user
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • MU-MIMO multi-user
  • the described examples also can be implemented using other wireless communication protocols or RF signals suitable for use in one or more of a wireless personal area network (WPAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless wide area network (WWAN), a wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN), a nonterrestrial network (NTN), or an internet of things (IOT) network.
  • WPAN wireless personal area network
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WWAN wireless wide area network
  • WMAN wireless metropolitan area network
  • NTN nonterrestrial network
  • IOT internet of things
  • Various aspects relate generally to wireless communication and more particularly to channel access. Some aspects more specifically relate to conditions under which a wireless communication device may consider switching to a second primary channel after determining that a first primary channel is unavailable, as well as procedures related to accessing the second primary channel in examples in which the second primary channel is accessible.
  • a first wireless communication device such as a non-primary channel access (NPCA) capable station (STA) may receive, on a first primary channel, an indication of a frame initiating a transmission opportunity associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel.
  • the first primary channel in this example may be a main primary channel (such as M-Primary channel).
  • one or more STAs and access point may be configured to communicate without using ICF or ICR.
  • a wireless communication device may initiate a transmission opportunity using a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU).
  • PHY physical layer
  • the NPCA-capable STA may receive an indication of the PPDU associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, the PPDU including a header portion and a data portion.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may determine a duration, such as a maximum duration, for which frame exchanges are permitted on the second primary channel and a time for switching to the second primary channel.
  • the wireless communication network 100 can include a WLAN that functions in an interoperable or converged manner with one or more personal area networks, such as a network implementing Bluetooth or other wireless technologies, to provide greater or enhanced network coverage or to provide or enable other capabilities, functionality, applications or services.
  • the wireless communication network 100 may include numerous wireless communication devices including at least one wireless AP 102 and any quantity of wireless STAs 104. While only one AP 102 is shown in Figure 1, the wireless communication network 100 can include multiple APs 102.
  • the STAs 104 may represent various devices such as mobile phones, other handheld or wearable communication devices, netbooks, notebook computers, tablet computers, laptops, Chromebooks, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR) or extended reality (XR) wireless headsets or other peripheral devices, wireless earbuds, other wearable devices, display devices (for example, TVs, computer monitors or video gaming consoles), video game controllers, navigation systems, music or other audio or stereo devices, remote control devices, printers, kitchen appliances (including smart refrigerators) or other household appliances, key fobs (for example, for passive keyless entry and start (PKES) systems), Internet of Things (loT) devices, and vehicles, among other examples.
  • PKES passive keyless entry and start
  • LoT Internet of Things
  • the AP 102 may periodically broadcast beacon frames (“beacons”) including the BSSID to enable any STAs 104 within wireless range of the AP 102 to “associate” or re-associate with the AP 102 to establish a respective communication link 106 (hereinafter also referred to as a “Wi-Fi link”), or to maintain a communication link 106, with the AP 102.
  • the beacons can include an identification or indication of a primary channel used by the respective AP 102 as well as a timing synchronization function (TSF) for establishing or maintaining timing synchronization with the AP 102.
  • TSF timing synchronization function
  • the AP 102 may provide access to external networks to various STAs 104 in the wireless communication network 100 via respective communication links 106.
  • each of the STAs 104 is configured to perform passive or active scanning operations (“scans”) on frequency channels in one or more frequency bands (for example, the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, 45 GHz, or 60 GHz bands).
  • scans passive or active scanning operations
  • a STA 104 listens for beacons, which are transmitted by respective APs 102 at periodic time intervals referred to as target beacon transmission times (TBTTs).
  • TBTTs target beacon transmission times
  • a STA 104 generates and sequentially transmits probe requests on each channel to be scanned and listens for probe responses from APs 102.
  • Each STA 104 may identify, determine, ascertain, or select an AP 102 with which to associate in accordance with the scanning information obtained through the passive or active scans, and to perform authentication and association operations to establish a communication link 106 with the selected AP 102.
  • the selected AP 102 assigns an association identifier (AID) to the STA 104 at the culmination of the association operations, which the AP 102 uses to track the STA 104.
  • AID association identifier
  • a STA 104 may have the opportunity to select one of many BSSs within range of the STA 104 or to select among multiple APs 102 that together form an extended service set (ESS) including multiple connected BSSs.
  • the wireless communication network 100 may be connected to a wired or wireless distribution system that may enable multiple APs 102 to be connected in such an ESS.
  • a STA 104 can be covered by more than one AP 102 and can associate with different APs 102 at different times for different transmissions.
  • a STA 104 after association with an AP 102, a STA 104 also may periodically scan its surroundings to find a more suitable AP 102 with which to associate.
  • the AP 102 or the STAs 104 of the wireless communication network 100 may implement Extremely High Throughput (EHT) or other features compliant with current and future generations of the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless communication protocol standards (such as the IEEE 802.1 Ibe and 802.1 Ibn standard amendments) to provide additional capabilities over other previous systems (for example, High Efficiency (HE) systems or other legacy systems).
  • EHT Extremely High Throughput
  • the IEEE 802.1 Ibe standard amendment introduced 320 MHz channels, which are twice as wide as those possible with the IEEE 802.1 lax standard amendment.
  • 4k QAM may enable massive peak throughput with a maximum theoretical PHY rate of 10 bps/Hz/subcarrier/spatial stream, which translates to 23 Gbps with 5/6 LDPC code (10 bps/Hz/subcarrier/spatial stream * 996*4 subcarriers * 8 spatial streams / 13.6 ps per OFDM symbol).
  • the AP 102 or the STA 104 using 4096-QAM may enable a 20% increase in data rate compared to 1024-QAM given the same coding rate, thereby allowing users to obtain higher transmission efficiency.
  • wireless communication between an AP 102 and an associated STA 104 can be secured.
  • an AP 102 or a STA 104 may establish a security key for securing wireless communication between itself and the other device and may encrypt the contents of the data and management frames using the security key.
  • the control frame and fields within the MAC header of the data or management frames, or both also may be secured either via encryption or via an integrity check (for example, by generating a message integrity check (MIC) for one or more relevant fields.
  • MIC message integrity check
  • Access to the shared wireless medium is generally governed by a distributed coordination function (DCF).
  • DCF distributed coordination function
  • a wireless communication device such as an AP 102 or a STA 104
  • the DCF is implemented through the use of time intervals (including the slot time (such as “slot interval”) and the inter-frame space (IFS).
  • IFS provides priority access for control frames used for proper network operation. Transmissions may begin at slot boundaries.
  • the wireless communication device may implement the DCF through the use of carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) with collision avoidance (CA) (CSMA/CA) techniques.
  • CSMA carrier sense multiple access
  • CA collision avoidance
  • the wireless communication device may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) and may determine (for example, identify, detect, ascertain, calculate, or compute) that the relevant wireless channel is idle.
  • the CCA includes both physical (PHY-level) carrier sensing and virtual (MAC-level) carrier sensing. Physical carrier sensing is accomplished via a measurement of the received signal strength of a valid frame, which is compared to a threshold to determine (for example, identify, detect, ascertain, calculate, or compute) whether the channel is busy.
  • Virtual carrier sensing is accomplished via the use of a NAV, which effectively serves as a time duration that elapses before the wireless communication device may contend for access even in the absence of a detected symbol or even if the detected energy is below the relevant threshold.
  • the NAV is reset each time a valid frame is received that is not addressed to the wireless communication device.
  • the wireless communication device performs the physical carrier sensing. If the channel remains idle for the appropriate IFS, the wireless communication device initiates a backoff timer, which represents a duration of time that the device senses the medium to be idle before it is permitted to transmit.
  • the AP 102 or STA 104 may use a first RS SI detection threshold when performing a CCA on the wireless channel.
  • the AP 102 or STA 104 may use a second RS SI detection threshold in lieu of using the first RS SI detection threshold when performing the CCA on the wireless channel, the second RS SI detection threshold being greater than the first RSSI detection threshold. In this way, the criteria for winning contention are relaxed when interfering transmissions are associated with an OBSS.
  • each portion of a plurality of portions of the TXOP includes a set of time resources that do not overlap with any time resources of any other portion of the plurality of portions of the TXOP.
  • the scheduling information may include an indication of time resources, of multiple time resources of the TXOP, associated with each portion of the TXOP.
  • the scheduling information may include an indication of a time segment of the TXOP such as an indication of one or more slots or sets of symbol periods associated with each portion of the TXOP such as for multi-user TDMA.
  • APs 102 and STAs 104 that include multiple antennas also may support spatial multiplexing, which may be used to increase the spectral efficiency and the resultant throughput of a transmission.
  • spatial multiplexing the transmitting device divides the data stream into a number N ss of separate, independent spatial streams.
  • the spatial streams are separately encoded and transmitted in parallel via the multiple N Tx transmit antennas.
  • APs 102 and STAs 104 that include multiple antennas also may support beamforming.
  • Beamforming generally refers to the steering of the energy of a transmission in the direction of a target receiver. Beamforming may be used both in a single-user (SU) context, for example, to improve a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), as well as in a multi-user (MU) context, for example, to enable MU-MIMO transmissions (also referred to as spatial division multiple access (SDMA)). In the MU-MIMO context, beamforming may additionally, or alternatively, involve the nulling out of energy in the directions of other receiving devices.
  • SU single-user
  • MU multi-user
  • SDMA spatial division multiple access
  • multiple APs 102 may simultaneously transmit signaling or communications to a single STA 104 utilizing a distributed MU-MIMO scheme.
  • a distributed MU-MIMO transmission include coordinated beamforming (CBF) and joint transmission (JT).
  • CBF coordinated beamforming
  • JT joint transmission
  • signals (such as data streams) for a given STA 104 may be transmitted by only a single AP 102.
  • the coverage areas of neighboring APs may overlap, and signals transmitted by a given AP 102 may reach the STAs in OBSSs associated with neighboring APs as OBSS signals.
  • CBF allows multiple neighboring APs to transmit simultaneously while minimizing or avoiding interference, which may result in more opportunities for spatial reuse.
  • STA-specific RU allocation information may be included in a signaling field (such as the EHT-SIG field for an EHT PPDU) of the PPDU’s preamble.
  • Preamble puncturing may enable wider bandwidth transmissions for increased throughput and spectral efficiency in the presence of interference from incumbent technologies and other wireless communication devices.
  • RUs may be individually allocated in a MU PPDU
  • use of the MU PPDU format may indicate preamble puncturing for SU transmissions. While puncturing in the IEEE 802.1 lax standard amendment was limited to OFDMA transmissions, the IEEE 802.1 Ibe standard amendment extended puncturing to SU transmissions.
  • Some APs and STAs are capable of multi-link operation (MLO).
  • the AP 102 and STAs 104 may support MLO as defined in one or both of the IEEE 802.1 Ibe and 802.1 Ibn standard amendments.
  • An MLO-capable device may be referred to as a multi-link device (MLD).
  • MLO supports establishing multiple different communication links (such as a first link on the 2.4 GHz band, a second link on the 5 GHz band, and the third link on the 6 GHz band) between MLDs. Each communication link may support one or more sets of channels or logical entities.
  • TID-to-Link mapping may enable two MLDs to negotiate mapping of certain traffic flows in the DL direction or the UL direction or both directions to one or more set of communication links set up between them.
  • an AP MLD may advertise a global TTLM that applies to all associated non- AP MLDs.
  • a communication link that has no TIDs mapped to it in either direction is referred to as a disabled link.
  • An enabled link has at least one TID mapped to it in at least one direction.
  • MLO may reduce the “on” time of a modem, which may benefit a wireless communication device in terms of power consumption.
  • Another benefit of MLO is the increased multiplexing opportunities in the case of a single BSS.
  • MLA may increase the number of users per multiplexed transmission served by the multi-link AP MLD.
  • 802.1 Ibe introduced a duplicate (DUP) mode for a transmission, by which data in a payload portion of a PPDU is modulated for transmission over a “base” frequency sub-band, such as a first RU of an OFDMA transmission, and copied over (for example, duplicated) to another frequency sub-band, such as a second RU of the OFDMA transmission.
  • DUP duplicate
  • the channel or portion of a channel within which the distributed tones are interspersed is referred to as a spreading bandwidth, which may be, for example, 40 MHz, 80 MHz or more.
  • a spreading bandwidth which may be, for example, 40 MHz, 80 MHz or more.
  • the use of dRUs may be limited to uplink communications because benefits to addressing PSD limits may only be present for uplink communications.
  • FIG. 5 shows a wireless communication system 500 depicting an example distributed tone mapping.
  • the wireless communication system 500 may implement or be implemented to realize one or more aspects of the wireless communication network 100, the PDU 200, the PPDU 350, or any combination thereof.
  • the wireless communication system 500 illustrates communication between an AP 102-a, an AP 102-b, an AP 102-c and a STA 104-a, a STA 104-b, and a STA 104-c on a first primary channel 502-a (main primary channel (M-Primary channel)) and a second primary channel 502-b (opportunistic primary channel (O-Primary channel)), which may be examples of the AP 102 and the STA 104 respectively, as illustrated by and described with reference to Figure 1.
  • M-Primary channel main primary channel
  • OF-Primary channel opportunistic primary channel
  • the APs 102 may communicate with associated STAs 104 over one or more channels.
  • the AP 102-a and the STA 104-a may communicate on the first primary channel 502-a.
  • the first primary channel 502-a may be associated with a frequency range or bandwidth, such as 20 MHz.
  • the first primary channel 502-a may be referred to as a primary channel (such as M-Primary), and/or primary-1.
  • the APs 102 and the STAs 104 may communicate on the second primary channel 502-b.
  • the second primary channel 502-b may be associated with a frequency range or bandwidth, such as 20 MHz.
  • Wi-Fi offers support for very large bandwidths.
  • some wireless communications systems may support bandwidth for up to 320 MHz.
  • a 20 MHz channel may be designated as a primary channel.
  • a Wi-Fi device (AP or STA) may contend for access only on the primary channel. Access to wide bandwidths (no matter how large) is contingent on access to the primary channel. Therefore, if an overlapping basic service set (OBSS) STA occupies the primary channel, remainder of the wide bandwidth may remain unutilized, which may contribute to lower-throughput and longer latencies.
  • OBSS overlapping basic service set
  • a UHR device may be capable of monitoring additional 20 MHz primary channel(s) within the operating bandwidth.
  • the baseline primary channel is referred to as an M-Primary channel.
  • the additional primary channel is referred to as an O-Primary channel.
  • monitoring of the O-Primary channels can be sequential or parallel. Sequential monitoring may be suitable for devices that have one radio (such as STA 104 having a single radio).
  • STA When OBSS is detected on primary channel, a STA may switch its radio to O-Primary channel and may contend for the channel.
  • a STA that supports sequential monitoring may be referred to as Type-2 device.
  • the STA may have an additional hardware to monitor the O-Primary channels.
  • the additional hardware capability may be or include another full radio, an AUX radio capable of detecting preambles and decoding non-HT PPDUs (also referred to as Type-0 device), a STF detector capable of detecting the L- STF of PPDUs but not capable of decoding PPDUs (such as L-SIG) (also referred to as Type-1 device), energy detector capable of measuring energy but may not include detection or decode capabilities (also referred to as Type-2+ device).
  • Such information may include an indication of whether a PPDU occupying the M-Primary channel is OBSS (such as an inter-BSS PPDU) or in-BSS (such as an intra-BSS PPDU).
  • the NPCA-capable STA can switch to O-Primary channel only if the PPDU occupying the M-Primary channel is an OBSS PPDU.
  • the information may include a maximum duration for which the NPCA-capable STA can remain and perform frame exchanges with a peer NPCA-capable STA on the O-Primary channel. And optionally, the information may include whether this duration is sufficient to exchange frames with the peer STA on the O-Primary channel.
  • the NPCA-capable STA can switch to the O-Primary channel.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may determine to switch back to the M- Primary channel by the time the maximum duration has elapsed.
  • both peer NPCA-capable STAs may operate in accordance with a common understanding of when to switch to the O-Primary channel and when to switch back to the M-Primary channel. Otherwise, there may be a loss in coordination between the peer STAs.
  • an AP may switch to the O-Primary channel and may send an ICF (such as an RTS, MU-RTS Trigger frame or a BSRP Trigger frame) to check whether a STA has switched.
  • ICF such as an RTS, MU-RTS Trigger frame or a BSRP Trigger frame
  • the STA may not be able to respond because it may not have switched to the O-Primary channel at the time when the AP sends the ICF. This may lead to the AP concluding that the STA did not receive the OBSS PPDUs and may result in a loss of coordination. Additionally, or alternatively, if the maximum duration inferred by the AP and STA are different, then one peer may initiate switch back to the M-Primary channel sooner than the other, thereby causing potential dropping of PPDUs and loss in NPCA performance.
  • the term ICF may refer to any short frame (Data/Control/Management frame) that initiates the transmission opportunity.
  • the NPCA- capable STA may receive an ICF, but may not identify sufficient transmission opportunity protection from the ICF. In such cases, the NPCA-capable STA may switch to the O-Primary channel in accordance with one or more techniques depicted herein.
  • the STA 104-a may contend for access to the first primary channel 502-a. While contending for access, the STA 104-a may detect (such as identify) an OBSS PPDU 504 on the first primary channel 502-a.
  • the OBSS PPDU 504 may be divided into smaller PPDUs (such as PPDU1, PPDU2, and PPDU3). That is, the STA 104-a may determine that the first primary channel 502-a is occupied by the OBSS PPDU 504.
  • the STA 104-a may identify an ICF frame initiating a transmission opportunity on the first primary channel 502-a.
  • switching to the second primary channel 502-b may be allowed in the first case (where ICF or ICR is detected). That is, the STAs may be configured to (such as receive an indication from an AP to, including by receiving one or more beacons) switch to the O-Primary channel if the OBSS transmission opportunity is initiated with an ICF or ICR exchange and a duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel (such as NAV) is greater than a threshold (such as NPCA NAV Threshold). Otherwise, the STA may not be configured to switch to the O-Primary channel (such as second primary channel 502-b).
  • a threshold such as NPCA NAV Threshold
  • the NPCA-capable STAs may switch back to the M-Primary prior before the NAV expires. This may include any switching delays incurred by the AP or the STA.
  • switching to the second primary channel 502-b may be allowed in the second case (where ICF or ICR is not used to initiate a transmission opportunity). That is, regardless of whether ICF or ICR exchange is used to initiate OBSS transmission opportunity, NPCA may be allowed (such as the STAs may be configured to switch to the O-Primary channel, including by receiving an indication from an AP) if the length of the OBSS PPDU exceeds a threshold (NPCA PPDU Length Threshold).
  • an AP may configure the STAs (such as by transmitting an indication, including in one or more beacons) to switch to the O-Primary channel regardless of whether ICF or ICR exchange is used to initiate OBSS transmission opportunity.
  • NPCA-capable STAs may switch back to the M-Primary channel before the PPDU length expires. This may include any switching delays incurred by the AP or the STA.
  • switching to the second primary channel 502-b may be allowed both in the first case (where ICF or ICR is detected) and in the second case (where ICF or ICR is not used to initiate a transmission opportunity).
  • an AP may configure the STAs (such as by transmitting an indication, including in one or more beacons) to switch to the O-Primary channel if ICF or ICR is detected or if ICF or ICR is not used to initiate a transmission opportunity.
  • NPCA _NAV Threshold a threshold value
  • the STA may determine that switching to the second primary channel 502-b (such as NPCA behavior) is permitted. In such cases, the NPCA-capable STA may switch back to the M-Primary channel before the NAV expires. This may include any switching delays incurred by the AP or the STA.
  • ICF is not used or if ICF is used, but duration of protected transmission opportunity is less than the threshold value (such as
  • the NPCA- capable STA may switch back to the M-Primary channel before the PPDU length expires. This may include any switching delays incurred by the AP or the STA. Else, the STA may not be permitted to switch to the O-Primary channel.
  • an OBSS TXOP may be initiated with an ICF, where an NAV protects the entire transmission opportunity.
  • the transmission opportunity holder may transmit (one or more) long PPDUs (such as having a length greater than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold).
  • NPCA is allowed only for the first case (where ICF or ICR is detected), the NPCA-capable STA that detects ICF or ICR or both may observe the NAV from the ICF (or ICR). It may then determine that the NAV is greater than NPCA NAV Threshold and may determine that switch to O-Primary is allowed.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may switch to the O-Primary channel based on determining that a threshold duration has elapsed from an end of the frame (such as ICF/ICR) initiating the transmission opportunity.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may return to the M-Primary channel by the time the NAV expires.
  • NPCA-capable STA may ignore the ICF and ICR as the length of these PPDUs may be less than
  • NPCA PPDU Length Threshold when length of a first PPDU (PPDU1) may be greater than a threshold (such as NPCA PPDU Length Threshold), the NPCA-capable STA may switch to O-Primary after a threshold time, described in further detail with reference to Figure 8. The NPCA-capable STA may return to the M- Primary channel by the time the PPDU ends.
  • a threshold such as NPCA PPDU Length Threshold
  • NPCA-capable STA may ignore ICF and ICR for length-based switch, since the length of these PPDUs is less than the threshold (such as NPCA PPDU Length Threshold). However, since the NAV indicated in the ICF/ICR is greater than
  • the determination to switch to the O-Primary channel may be based on the ICF/ICR exchange.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may switch to the O-Primary channel based on determining that a threshold duration has elapsed from an end of the frame (such as ICF/ICR) initiating the transmission opportunity.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may return to the M-Primary channel by the time the NAV expires.
  • an OBSS TXOP may be initiated with an ICF, where an NAV does not protect entire transmission opportunity.
  • the transmission opportunity holder may transmit (one or more) long PPDUs (such as having a length greater than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold).
  • NPCA is allowed only for the first case (where ICF or ICR is detected), the NPCA-capable STA that detects ICF or ICR or both may observe the NAV from the ICF (or ICR).
  • the NPCA-capable STA may determine that the NAV is less than NPCA NAV Threshold and may determine that switch to the O-Primary channel is not allowed. Hence, the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to the O-Primary channel for this OBSS transmission opportunity.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may ignore ICF and ICR since the length of these PPDUs is less than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold. Since the length of PPDU1 is greater than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold, the NPCA-capable STA may switch to the O-Primary channel after a threshold time, described in further detail with reference to Figure 8. The NPCA-capable STA may return to the M-Primary channel by the time the PPDU ends.
  • an OBSS TXOP may be initiated with an ICF, where an NAV protects entire transmission opportunity.
  • the transmission opportunity holder may transmit multiple short PPDUs (such as having a length smaller than
  • NPCA PPDU Length Threshold In this case, NPCA is allowed only for the first case (where ICF or ICR is detected), the NPCA-capable STA that detects ICF or ICR or both may observe the NAV from the ICF (or ICR). The NPCA-capable STA may determine that the NAV is greater than NPCA NAV Threshold and may determine that switch to O-Primary is allowed. The NPCA-capable STA may switch to O-Primary based on determining that a threshold duration has elapsed from an end of the frame (such as ICF/ICR) initiating the transmission opportunity. The NPCA-capable STA may return to M-Primary by the time the NAV expires.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may ignore ICF and ICR since the length of these PPDUs is less than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold. Since the length of each of PPDU1, PPDU2, and PPDU3 is less than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold, the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O- Primary for any of the OBSS PPDUs. Thus, the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O-Primary for this OBSS transmission opportunity.
  • an OBSS TXOP may be initiated with an ICF, where an NAV does not protect entire transmission opportunity (set incrementally).
  • the transmission opportunity holder may transmit multiple short PPDUs (such as having a length smaller than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold).
  • NPCA is allowed only for the first case (where ICF or ICR is detected), the NPCA-capable STA that detects ICF or ICR or both may observe the NAV from the ICF (or ICR).
  • the NPCA-capable STA may determine that the NAV is less than NPCA NAV Threshold and determine that switch to O-Primary is not allowed. Hence, the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O-Primary for this OBSS transmission opportunity.
  • NPCA NPCA PPDU Length Threshold. Since the length of each of PPDU1, PPDU2, and PPDU3 is less than
  • the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O- Primary for any of the OBSS PPDUs. Thus, the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O-Primary for this OBSS transmission opportunity.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may ignore ICF and ICR for length-based switch since the length of these PPDUs is less than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold.
  • the NAV is less than NPCA NA V Threshold in each PPDU, the NPCA-capable STA may determine that switch to O-Primary is not allowed.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O-Primary for any of the OBSS PPDUs. Thus, the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O-Primary for this OBSS transmission opportunity.
  • an OBSS TXOP may be initiated with an ICF, where an NAV does not protect entire transmission opportunity (set incrementally).
  • the transmission opportunity holder may transmit multiple short PPDUs (such as having a length smaller than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold).
  • NPCA is allowed only for the first case (where ICF or ICR is detected), the NPCA-capable STA that detects ICF or ICR or both may observe the NAV from the ICF (or ICR).
  • the NPCA-capable STA may determine that the NAV is less than NPCA NAV Threshold and may determine that switch to O-Primary is not allowed. Hence, the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O-Primary for this OBSS transmission opportunity.
  • NPCA NPCA PPDU Length Threshold. Since the length of each of PPDU1, PPDU2, and PPDU3 is less than
  • the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O- Primary for any of the OBSS PPDUs. Thus, the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O-Primary for this OBSS transmission opportunity.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may ignore ICF and ICR for length-based switch since the length of these PPDUs is less than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold. Moreover, since the NAV is less than NPCA NA V Threshold in each PPDU, the NPCA-capable STA may determine that switch to O-Primary is not allowed. Furthermore, since the length of each of PPDU1, PPDU2, and PPDU3 is less th n NPCA PPDU Length Threshold, the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O-Primary for any of the OBSS PPDUs. Thus, the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O-Primary for this OBSS transmission opportunity.
  • an OBSS TXOP may be initiated with an ICF, where an NAV does not protect entire transmission opportunity (set incrementally).
  • the transmission opportunity holder may transmit multiple long PPDUs (such as having a length greater than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold).
  • NPCA is allowed only for the first case (where ICF or ICR is detected), the NPCA-capable STA that detects ICF or ICR or both may observe the NAV from the ICF (or ICR).
  • the NPCA-capable STA may determine that the NAV is greater than
  • the NPCA-capable STA may switch to O-Primary channel based on determining that a threshold duration has elapsed from an end of the frame (such as ICF/ICR) initiating the transmission opportunity.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may return to the M- Primary channel by the time the NAV expires.
  • the NPCA- capable STA may not switch to O-Primary.
  • NPCA NPCA PPDU Length Threshold
  • the NPCA-capable STA may switch to O-Primary and back to M-Primary multiple times. First, it may switch to O-Primary and return to M-Primary. Next, it may again switch to O-Primary and return to M-Primary. Finally, it may again switch to O-Primary and return to M-Primary.
  • NPCA-capable STA may ignore ICF and ICR for length-based switch since the length of these PPDUs is less than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold. However, since the NAV is greater than NPCA NAV Threshold, the NPCA-capable STA may switch to O- Primary based on determining that a threshold duration has elapsed from an end of the frame (such as ICF/ICR) initiating the transmission opportunity. The NPCA-capable STA may return to the M-Primary channel by the time the NAV expires.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may switch to O-Primary and back to M-Primary multiple times. First, it may switch to O-Primary and return to M-Primary. Finally, it may again switch to O-Primary and return to M-Primary.
  • an OBSS TXOP may not be initiated with an ICF.
  • the transmission opportunity holder may transmit one (or more) long PPDUs (such as having a length greater than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold).
  • NPCA is allowed only for the first case (where ICF or ICR is detected), since no ICF/ICR precedes the long PPDU, the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O- Primary.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may switch to O-Primary after a threshold time, described in further detail with reference to Figure 8. The NPCA-capable STA may return to the M-Primary channel by the time the PPDU ends.
  • the NPCA-capable STA use PPDU length to determine if switch to O-Primary is permitted. If the length of PPDU1 is greater than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold, the NPCA-capable STA may switch to O-Primary after a threshold time, described in further detail with reference to Figure 8. The NPCA-capable STA may return to the M- Primary channel by the time the PPDU ends.
  • an OBSS TXOP may not be initiated with an ICF.
  • the transmission opportunity holder may transmit multiple short PPDUs (such as having a length smaller than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold).
  • NPCA is allowed only for the first case (where ICF or ICR is detected), since no ICF/ICR precedes the long PPDU, the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O-Primary for any of the OBSS PPDUs. Thus, the NPCA STA will not switch to O-Primary for this OBSS transmission opportunity.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O- Primary for any of the OBSS PPDUs.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may conclude that the M-Primary is idle and interfere with the reception of PPDU1 at the OBSS transmission opportunity responder.
  • NPCA-capable STA may ignore ICF and ICR since the length of these PPDUs is less than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold. Since the length of PPDU1 is less than NPCA PPDU Length Threshold, the NPCA- capable STA may not switch to the O-Primary channel.
  • the NPCA-capable STA that detects ICF or ICR or both may observe the NAV from the ICF (or ICR).
  • the NPCA-capable STA may determine that the NAV is greater than NPCA NAV Threshold and may determine that switch to the O-Primary channel is allowed. Hence, the NPCA-capable STA may switch to the O-Primary channel for this OBSS transmission opportunity, potentially remaining blind (unaware of transmissions) on the M-Primary.
  • Figure 6 shows an example of wireless communications 600 that support NPCA switching conditions.
  • Figure 6 may implement or be implemented to realize one or more aspects of the wireless communication network 100, the PDU 200, the PPDU 350, the wireless communication system 500, or any combination thereof.
  • Figure 6 illustrates communication between a first wireless communication device and a second wireless communication device, which may be examples of the AP 102 or the STA 104, respectively, as described with reference to Figures 1 and 5.
  • the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device may communicate on the first primary channel and the second primary channel, which may be examples of the first primary channel 502-a and the second primary channel 502-b as described with reference to Figure 5.
  • the first wireless communication device may determine when to switch to a second primary channel based on receiving an ICF 602 or an ICR 604 or both.
  • the first wireless communication device may receive, from a second wireless communication device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a frame (such as ICF 602 or ICR 604) initiating a transmission opportunity associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel.
  • the first wireless communication device (AP or STA) may initiate a transmission opportunity with an ICF/ICR exchange.
  • ICF/ICR may include one or more of RTS/CTS exchange, MU-RTS/CTS exchange (more prominent with EHT EMLSR devices), BSRP/buffer status report (BSR) exchange (more prominent with EHT EMLSR devices), short data frame/BA (such as BA 612-a and 612-b) exchange (in EHT EMLMR devices), and other trigger frame variants (such as more prominent in UHR due to power save/in-device coexistence usage), or any combination.
  • a duration field in MAC header of the ICF/ICR may protect the transmission opportunity. Such a duration field may indicate duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel (NAV 606 indicated in ICF 602 or NAV 608 indicated in ICR 604). That is, a STA may indicate how long it intends to occupy the channel for its frame exchanges.
  • a STA that is not the intended recipient of the ICF, that hears the ICF/ICR, may set its NAV equal to the value received in the duration field and may cease contention until the NAV expires.
  • the recipient STA may also obtain the NAV information from the TXOP field of HE-SIG-A field if the PPDU is an HE PPDU or TXOP field of the U-SIG field if the PPDU is an EHT PPDU or UHR PPDU. If the NAV of an OBSS PPDU is heard by an NPCA STA on M-Primary, then the M-Primary may be considered as busy until the NAV expires. Thus, the STA can switch to the O- Primary and exchange frames with a peer NPCA STA until the end of the NAV.
  • One or more aspects depicted herein provide for determination of a time to switch to the O-primary channel.
  • presence of ICF on the medium may not guarantee a successful frame exchange.
  • the responder may not send ICR.
  • an NPCA-capable STA cannot switch after hearing ICF, and may switch after the presence of ICR is confirmed.
  • each of the NPCA-capable STA may communicate after it hears only ICF 602, only ICR 604, or both 602 ICF and ICR 604.
  • an NPCA-capable STA cannot know which frames are heard by the peer STA.
  • switch to O-Primary can be initiated only when PPDU1 610-a starts.
  • An NPCA-capable STA that hears ICR 604 alone may not hear PPDU1 610-a.
  • detection of ICR 604 with a long Duration field can be used to imply a preceding ICF and succeeding PPDU1 610-a.
  • the additional condition may be to receive ⁇ PHY-RXSTART.indication primitive within the latest aSIFSTime + aRxPHYStartDelay + aSlotTime), before Tl expires.
  • the NPCA-capable STA that initiates the TXOP on O-Primary may consider peer STA’s start of switching delay from M-Primary to O-Primary only after T1 or T2 (as applicable) has elapsed.
  • the ICF 602 and ICR 604 may belong to a set of frames NPCA ICF List and NPCA ICR List. These lists may be pre-defined, or may be announced by the AP in Broadcast Management frames, or both.
  • a pre-defined or AP-defined condition such as frame duration smaller than X usee or frame length smaller than Y bytes
  • the NAV indicated in the frame may be greater than NPCA NA V Threshold.
  • the NPCA NAV Threshold may be pre-defined, or may be announced by the AP in Broadcast Management frames, or both. It may be possible that NPCA_
  • NAV Threshold 0, which would mean that an NPCA STA can transmit on O-Primary as long as it can fit at least one MPDU (and potentially its response).
  • the NAV may be indicated in the duration field of MAC header, TXOP field of PHY preamble in HE, EHT, or UHR PPDUs, or both.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may follow one of the following rules.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may consider the NAV from the TXOP field (TXOP field may be more robust and may indicate a shorter value than the duration field).
  • TXOP field may be more robust and may indicate a shorter value than the duration field.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may consider the NAV from the duration field.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may consider the TXOP field, while for others it may consider the duration field.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may determine ICR Time in computation of T1. ICR Time may be used if the NPCA-capable STA does not receive ICR 604. If ICR 604 is received, then the NPCA-capable STA may use T2 following the PPDU carrying the ICR 604 to initiate the NPCA switch. To determine the ICR Time, if ICF is RTS or MU-RTS, ICR Time is the time taken to transmit the CTS frame at 6 Mbps. However, if ICF is not RTS or MU-RTS, then ICR Time may not be accurately determined without receiving it.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may initiate two timers, which may start counting down at the end of the PPDU carrying the ICF frame, Timer l with the value (aSIFSTime + aSlotTime + aRxPHYStartDelay) and Timer_2 with the value (2 x aSIFSTime + max ICF Time + aRxPHYStartDelay) , where max ICF Time is a value defined in the spec or by the AP (or both) considering the time taken to transmit the longest ICR frame at the lowest PHY rate of 6 Mbps.
  • max ICF Time may be the time taken to transmit a 1024/4096 bitmap Block Ack at 6 Mbps.
  • the value of max ICF Time may depend on NPCA ICF List, NPCA ICR List, or both.
  • an AP may advertise the value by which Timer_2 may be initialized.
  • the MAC of the NPCA-capable STA may initiate the switch to O-Primary immediately.
  • the NPCA- capable STA may not initiate the switch to the O-Primary channel (i.e., forego the O- Primary TXOP opportunity as if the ICF was never received).
  • aRxPHYStartDelay may be fixed to a value.
  • aRxPHYStartDelay may be fixed to 20 usee. This method of determining when to switch to O-Primary may maximizes NPCA gains in certain cases. If OBSS STA sets a large NAV and uses the duration, the entire duration can be used on O-Primary for NPCA. In some cases, ICF is not used at all, and in many cases, NAV cannot be acquired. In some examples, ICF may be sent by the OBSS STA and may not protect entire OBSS transmission opportunity (or not even sufficiently large portion of OBSS transmission opportunity).
  • ICF or ICR or both may set Duration field to 0. Even if ICF sent by OBSS STA protects entire OBSS transmission opportunity, NPCA-capable STA may not be able to set the NAV. For example, if Duration field is encoded using high MCS, NPCA-capable STA may not be able to decode it. TXOP field in HE/EHT/UHR PPDU may be more reliable (robust MCS) but may not be available if the OBSS PPDU is not HE PPDU, EHT PPDU or UHR PPDU. In these cases, NPCA-capable STA may not know how long it may take to switch to O-Primary and may result in lost NPCA opportunities.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may not rely on the acquired transmission opportunity.
  • the ICF may protect a large transmission opportunity without knowing how much duration it actually needs. Later, the STA may send CF- End to reset the NAV. This may affect the performance because NPCA AP and non-AP may have switched to O-Primary and may exchange frames for large duration, when, M-primary became idle much sooner.
  • AP and non-AP STA may become blind (lose medium synchronization) on M-Primary, and may face collisions with other ongoing transmissions and/or incur delays due to medium synchronization recovery.
  • Figure 7 shows an example of wireless communications 700 that support NPCA switching conditions.
  • Figure 7 may implement or be implemented to realize one or more aspects of the wireless communication network 100, the PDU 200, the PPDU 350, the wireless communication system 500, or any combination thereof.
  • Figure 7 illustrates communication between a first wireless communication device and a second wireless communication device, which may be examples of the AP 102 or the STA 104, respectively, as described with reference to Figures 1 and 5.
  • the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device may communicate on the first primary channel and the second primary channel, which may be examples of the first primary channel 502-a and the second primary channel 502-b as described with reference to Figure 5.
  • STAs may not use ICF/ICR based initial frame exchange. Any MPDUs that are to be sent by the transmission opportunity holder may be sent within a single long PPDU. In such cases, a NAV based switch may not be efficient because the duration field in the long PPDU may cover only until the end of a Block Ack frame. In such scenarios, the NPCA-capable STAs may implement a PPDU-length based switch. The PPDU-length may be indicated in the L-SIG field of the PHY header. Before switching to O-Primary, the NPCA-capable STA may detect whether the PPDU is an OBSS PPDU.
  • Such detection may be based on one or more rules classifying a PPDU as inter-BSS PPDU (i.e., OBSS PPDU) or intra-BSS PPDU.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may can leverage these rules to determine whether a PPDU (such as PPDU 708) is an inter-BSS PPDU or intra-BSS PPDU.
  • a NPCA-capable STA may classify a received PPDU as an inter-BSS PPDU if the BSS color is not disabled and the RXVECTOR parameter BSS COLOR is not 0 and is not the BSS color of the BSS of which the STA is a member.
  • NPCA-capable STA may classify a received PPDU as an inter-BSS PPDU if the PPDU is a VHT PPDU with RXVECTOR parameter PARTIAL AID not equal to the BSSID[39:47] of the BSS in which the STA is associated or any of the other BSSs in the same multiple BSSID set or co-hosted BSSID set to which its BSS belongs and the RXVECTOR parameter GROUP ID is 0.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may classify a received PPDU as an inter-BSS PPDU if the PPDU is a VHT PPDU with RXVECTOR parameter PARTIAL_AID[5:8] not equal to the 4 LSBs of the BSS color announced by the BSS of which the STA whose dotl IPartialBSSColorlmplemented is equal to true is a member and RXVECTOR parameter GROUP ID equal to 63 when the Partial BSS Color field in the most recent HE Operation element is 1.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may classify a received PPDU as an inter-BSS PPDU if the PPDU is either a VHT MU PPDU or an HE MU PPDU with the RXVECTOR parameter UPLINK FLAG equal to 0, and the STA is an AP.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may classify a received PPDU as an inter-BSS PPDU if the PPDU carries a frame that has a BSSID field, the value of which is not the BSSID of the BSS in which the STA is associated or any of the other BSSs in the same multiple BSSID set or co-hosted BSSID set to which its BSS belongs or the wildcard BSSID.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may classify a received PPDU as an inter-BSS PPDU if the PPDU carries a frame that does not have a BSSID field but has both an RA field and TA field, neither value of which is equal to the BSSID of the BSS in which the STA is associated or any of the other BSSs in the same multiple BSSID set or co-hosted BSSID set to which its BSS belongs.
  • the individual/group bit in the TA field may be forced to 0 prior to comparison.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may classify a received PPDU as an intra-BSS PPDU if the BSS color is not disabled and the RXVECTOR parameter BSS COLOR is the BSS color of the BSS of which the STA is a member or the BSS color of any TDLS direct links to which the STA belongs if the STA is an HE STA associated with a non-HE AP.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may classify a received PPDU as an intra-BSS PPDU if the PPDU is a VHT PPDU with RXVECTOR parameter PARTIAL AID equal to the BSSID[39:47] of the BSS in which the STA is associated or any of the other BSSs in the same multiple BSSID set or co-hosted BSSID set to which its BSS belongs and the RXVECTOR parameter GROUP ID equal to 0.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may classify a received PPDU as an intra-BSS PPDU if the PPDU is a VHT PPDU with RXVECTOR parameter PARTIAL_AID[5:8] equal to the 4 LSBs of the BSS color announced by of the BSS of which the STA whose dotl IPartialBSSColorlmplemented is equal to true is a member, the RXVECTOR parameter GROUP ID is equal to 63, and the Partial BSS Color field in the most recent HE Operation element is 1.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may classify a received PPDU as an intra-BSS PPDU if the PPDU carries a frame that has an RA, TA, or BSSID field value that is equal to the BSSID of the BSS or the BSSID of any BSS in which the STA is associated or any of the other BSSs in the same multiple BSSID set or co-hosted BSSID set to which its BSS belongs.
  • the Individual/Group bit in the TA field is forced to 0 prior to the comparison.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may classify a received PPDU as an intra-BSS PPDU if the PPDU carries a Control frame that does not have a TA field and that has an RA field value that matches the saved TXOP holder address of the BSS or any BSS in which the STA is associated or any of the other BSSs in the same multiple BSSID set or co-hosted BSSID set to which its BSS belongs.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may classify a received PPDU as an intra-BSS PPDU if, based on the MAC address information of a frame carried in a received PPDU, the received PPDU satisfies both intra-BSS and inter-BSS conditions, then the received PPDU is classified as an intra-BSS PPDU.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may classify a received PPDU as an intra-BSS PPDU if the received PPDU satisfies the intra-BSS conditions using the RXVECTOR parameter BSS COLOR and also satisfies the inter-BSS conditions using MAC address information of a frame carried in the PPDU, then the classification made using the MAC address information takes precedence.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may know the maximum duration for which frame exchanges are permitted on O-Primary and when to switch to the O-Primary. To determine the maximum duration for which frame exchanges are permitted on O-Primary, the NPCA-capable STA may decode the Length subfield of the L-SIG field 706. The L-SIG field 706 may be present in the early portion of the PPDU 708.
  • the AP may specify a threshold value of the PPDU Length 710 as NPCA PPDU Length Threshold.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may determine that the PPDU is an inter-BSS PPDU. An NPCA-capable STA may not switch to O-Primary if it cannot classify the PPDU as inter-BSS PPDU. This may imply that if the NPCA-capable STA classifies the PPDU as intra-BSS PPDU or if the PPDU cannot be classified, it may not switch.
  • the NPCA-capable STA can determine whether the PPDU is an intra-BSS or inter-BSS PPDU. For example, if the PPDU is an UHR PPDU, EHT PPDU, HE PPDU, the PPDU is determined as intra-BSS or inter-BSS based on the value carried in the BSS Color field of the HE-SIG-A field (if PPDU is HE PPDU) or the U-SIG field (if PPDU is EHT PPDU or UHR PPDU). By this time, the NPCA-capable STA may already know the maximum duration for which frame exchanges are permitted on O-Primary, and, therefore, can be considered as ready to switch.
  • the earliest occurring field at which an NPCA STA can determine that the PPDU is an inter-BSS PPDU may be different.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may determine whether the PPDU is inter-BSS or intra-BSS based on different fields within the same PPDU.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may determine the whether the PPDU is inter-BSS or intra-BSS in accordance with a precedence order.
  • the AP may define the precedence order (or it may be predefined). Thus, if the OBSS PPDU is an HE PPDU and the BSS color is enabled, then each NPCA-capable STA may determine the status of the PPDU based only on the HE-SIG-A field and no other field.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may receive an indication of a PPDU associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, the PPDU including a header portion (including STF 702, LTF 704 and SIG 706) and a data portion.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may switch to a second primary channel based on a length of the PPDU satisfying a threshold value and on the PPDU being an inter-BSS PPDU.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may operate using more reliable information, Value obtained from PPDU length may be more reliable because it is sent at low MCS.
  • the transmitter may occupy the medium for the indicated duration (unlike NAV, where CF-End can terminate the transmission opportunity). Therefore, there may not be any issue of loss of medium synchronization on M-Primary.
  • the technique depicted herein provide for a deterministic way of setting the PPDU length, as opposed to NAV, which can have single/multiple protection settings and unpredictable behavior from legacy STAs. This technique may not use all gains.
  • an OBSS STA may use SIFS bursting within its TXOP. That is instead of transmitting a large PPDU, the STA may breaks the PPDU into multiple bursts.
  • NPCA-capable STA switches and switches back very often - incurring inefficiencies of switching delays and transmitting ICF/ICR (such as RTS/CTS) on O-Primary every time, or each individual PPDU may be too short for O- Primary to be meaningfully used and no NPCA opportunity may be available, even though the actual TXOP may be long.
  • ICF/ICR such as RTS/CTS
  • a pre-emption mechanism may also be implemented with short PPDU bursting.
  • supporting the Dynamic Subband Operation mechanism using which an AP may utilize the entire BSS BW.
  • opportunities for NPCA may naturally diminish.
  • hidden node scenario or asymmetric view problem may be exacerbated.
  • switch is based on ICF/ICR (and the corresponding NAV)
  • the peer NPCA STAs have two different PPDUs (one corresponding to ICF and another corresponding to ICR) from which they can detect the OBSS transmissions and extract the NAV.
  • both peer NPCA STAs may hear the same OBSS PPDU, which may increase the hidden node problem.
  • Figure 8 shows an example of PPDUs 800 that support NPCA switching conditions.
  • Figure 8 may implement or be implemented to realize one or more aspects of the wireless communication network 100, the PDU 200, the PPDU 350, the wireless communication system 500, or any combination thereof.
  • Figure 7 illustrates communication between a first wireless communication device and a second wireless communication device, which may be examples of the AP 102 or the STA 104, respectively, as described with reference to Figures 1 and 5.
  • the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device may communicate on the first primary channel and the second primary channel, which may be examples of the first primary channel 502-a and the second primary channel 502-b as described with reference to Figure 5.
  • Figure 8 depicts that an NPCA-capable STA may determine a time to switch to the second primary channel. For example, the NPCA-capable STA may initiate the switch immediately after receiving the field (at 802-a, 802-b, 802-c, and 802-d for different PPDUs) that leads to the determination that the PPDU is an inter-BSS PPDU. For example, if the PPDU is an HE PPDU, the NPCA-capable STA switches immediately after the receiving the HE-SIG-A field.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may initiate the switch immediately after receiving the field that leads to the determination that the PPDU is an inter-BSS PPDU plus an additional processing delay (such as NPCA PPDU proc de lay).
  • the NPCA-capable STA may initiate the switch at 804-a, 804-b, 804-c, and 804-d for different PPDUs. This may account for the fact that most implementations may take a finite time to process the fields received in the PPDU and initiate the switch. This delay may be exchanged between the NPCA-capable STAs or may be predefined.
  • the NPCA-capable STA may initiate the switch at a fixed offset (such as NPCA interBSS Detection Delay) from aRxPHYStartDelay .
  • a fixed offset such as NPCA interBSS Detection Delay
  • an NPCA-capable STA may switch to O- Primary 100 usee after aRxPHYStartDelay .
  • the NPCA-capable STAs may exchange this information during association and/or while enabling the NPCA mode.
  • FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a device 905 that supports NPCA switching conditions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 905 may be an example of aspects of a STA as described herein.
  • the device 905 may include a receiver 910, a transmitter 915, and a communications manager 920.
  • the device 905, or one or more components of the device 905 may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (such as via one or more buses).
  • the receiver 910 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (such as control channels, data channels, information channels related to NPCA switching conditions). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 905.
  • the receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
  • the transmitter 915 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 905.
  • the transmitter 915 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (such as control channels, data channels, information channels related to NPCA switching conditions).
  • the transmitter 915 may be co-located with a receiver 910 in a transceiver module.
  • the transmitter 915 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
  • the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of NPCA switching conditions as described herein.
  • the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
  • the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (such as in communications management circuitry).
  • the hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
  • at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (such as by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory).
  • the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (such as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (such as referred to as a processor-executable code). If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (such as configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure).
  • code such as communications management software or firmware
  • processor such as referred to as a processor-executable code
  • the functions of the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller
  • the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (such as receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both.
  • the communications manager 920 may receive information from the receiver 910, send information to the transmitter 915, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
  • the communications manager 920 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second wireless communication device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a frame initiating a transmission opportunity associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel.
  • the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching to a second primary channel based on determining that a threshold duration has elapsed from an end of the frame initiating the transmission opportunity.
  • the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • the communications manager 920 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second wireless communication device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a PHY PPDU associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, the PPDU including a header portion and a data portion.
  • the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching to a second primary channel based on a length of the PPDU satisfying a threshold value and on the PPDU being an inter-BSS PPDU.
  • the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • the device 905 (such as at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, the communications manager 920, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced processing, reduced power consumption, and more efficient utilization of communication resources.
  • FIG 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 that supports NPCA switching conditions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 1005 may be an example of aspects of a device 905 or a STA 104 as described herein.
  • the device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a transmitter 1015, and a communications manager 1020.
  • the device 1005, or one or more components of the device 1005 may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (such as via one or more buses).
  • the receiver 1010 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (such as control channels, data channels, information channels related to NPCA switching conditions). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1005.
  • the receiver 1010 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
  • the transmitter 1015 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1005.
  • the transmitter 1015 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (such as control channels, data channels, information channels related to NPCA switching conditions).
  • the transmitter 1015 may be co-located with a receiver 1010 in a transceiver module.
  • the transmitter 1015 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
  • the device 1005, or various components thereof may be an example of means for performing various aspects of NPCA switching conditions as described herein.
  • the communications manager 1020 may include an indication component 1025, a channel switching component 1030, a communication component 1035, or any combination thereof.
  • the communications manager 1020 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 920 as described herein.
  • the communications manager 1020, or various components thereof may be configured to perform various operations (such as receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both.
  • the communications manager 1020 may receive information from the receiver 1010, send information to the transmitter 1015, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
  • the communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the indication component 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second wireless communication device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a frame initiating a transmission opportunity associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel.
  • the channel switching component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching to a second primary channel based on determining that a threshold duration has elapsed from an end of the frame initiating the transmission opportunity.
  • the communication component 1035 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • the communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the indication component 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second wireless communication device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a PHY PPDU associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, the PPDU including a header portion and a data portion.
  • the channel switching component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching to a second primary channel based on a length of the PPDU satisfying a threshold value and on the PPDU being an inter-BSS PPDU.
  • the communication component 1035 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • FIG 11 shows a block diagram of an example wireless communication device 1100 that supports NPCA switching conditions.
  • the wireless communication device 1100 is configured to perform the processes 1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600 described with reference to Figures 13, 14, 15, and 16, respectively.
  • the wireless communication device 1100 may include one or more chips, SoCs, chipsets, packages, components or devices that individually or collectively constitute or include a processing system.
  • the processing system may interface with other components of the wireless communication device 1100, and may generally process information (such as inputs or signals) received from such other components and output information (such as outputs or signals) to such other components.
  • an example chip may include a processing system, a first interface to output or transmit information and a second interface to receive or obtain information.
  • the wireless communication device 1100 can be configurable or configured for use in a communications manager, such as the AP 102 or the STA 104 described with reference to Figure 1.
  • the wireless communication device 1100 can be a communications manager that includes such a processing system and other components including multiple antennas.
  • the wireless communication device 1100 is capable of transmitting and receiving wireless communications in the form of, for example, wireless packets.
  • the wireless communication device 1100 can be configurable or configured to transmit and receive packets in the form of PHY PPDUs and MPDUs conforming to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless communication protocol standards.
  • the wireless communication device 1100 can be configurable or configured to transmit and receive signals and communications conforming to one or more 3GPP specifications including those for 5GNR or 6G.
  • the wireless communication device 1100 also includes or can be coupled with one or more application processors which may be further coupled with one or more other memories.
  • the wireless communication device 1100 further includes a user interface (UI) (such as a touchscreen or keypad) and a display, which may be integrated with the UI to form a touchscreen display that is coupled with the processing system.
  • the wireless communication device 1100 may further include one or more sensors such as, for example, one or more inertial sensors, accelerometers, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, or altitude sensors, that are coupled with the processing system.
  • the wireless communication device 1100 further includes at least one external network interface coupled with the processing system that enables communication with a core network or backhaul network that enables the wireless communication device 1100 to gain access to external networks including the Internet.
  • the wireless communication device 1100 includes an indication component 1125, a channel switching component 1130, and a communication component 1135. Portions of one or more of the indication component 1125, the channel switching component 1130, and the communication component 1135 may be implemented at least in part in hardware or firmware. For example, one or more of the indication component 1125, the channel switching component 1130, and the communication component 1135 may be implemented at least in part by at least a processor or a modem. In some examples, portions of one or more of the indication component 1125, the channel switching component 1130, and the communication component 1135 may be implemented at least in part by a processor and software in the form of processorexecutable code stored in memory.
  • the wireless communication device 1100 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the indication component 1125 is configurable or configured to receive, from a second wireless communication device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a frame initiating a transmission opportunity associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel.
  • the channel switching component 1130 is configurable or configured to switch to a second primary channel based on determining that a threshold duration has elapsed from an end of the frame initiating the transmission opportunity.
  • the communication component 1135 is configurable or configured to communicate on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • the indication component 1125 is configurable or configured to receive, from the second wireless communication device and on the first primary channel, the indication of a short initial control frame including a duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, where the duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel satisfies a threshold duration value.
  • the channel switching component 1130 is configurable or configured to switch to the first primary channel before expiration of the duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel.
  • the threshold duration includes a sum of an initial control frame time value, a receiver start delay time value, and two times a short interframe space time value.
  • the indication of the short initial control frame is included in an initial control frame list.
  • the initial control frame list includes one or more of a request to send frame, a multi-user request to send frame, a trigger frame, a block acknowledgement request frame, or any combination thereof.
  • the communication component 1135 is configurable or configured to initiate a first timer and a second timer upon receiving the indication of a short initial control frame, where a value of the first timer includes a sum of a short interframe space time value, a slot time value and a receiver start delay time value, and a value of the second timer includes a sum of two times the short interframe space time value, a maximum initial control frame time value and the receiver start delay time value, and where switching to the second primary channel is based on the first timer, on the second timer, or both.
  • the indication component 1125 is configurable or configured to receive, from the second wireless communication device and on the first primary channel, a PHY reception start indication after expiry of the first timer and before expiry of the second timer, where switching to the second primary channel includes switching to the second primary channel before the expiry of the second timer based on receiving the PHY reception start indication.
  • the indication component 1125 is configurable or configured to receive, from the second wireless communication device and on the first primary channel, the indication of a short initial control response including a duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, where the duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel satisfies a threshold duration value.
  • the threshold duration includes a sum of a receiver start delay time value and a short interframe space time value.
  • the indication of the short initial control response is included in an initial control response list.
  • the initial control response list includes one or more of a clear to send frame, a quality of service indication, a block acknowledgement, or any combination thereof.
  • the indication component 1125 is configurable or configured to receive an indication of a threshold duration value for a duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, where the indication includes a duration field of a medium access control (MAC) header, a transmission opportunity field of a physical preamble, or both.
  • MAC medium access control
  • a frame length of the frame initiating the transmission opportunity satisfies a threshold length.
  • the threshold length is predefined or indicated to the first wireless communication device.
  • the upcoming data transmission is transmitted as a set of multiple PHY PPDUs.
  • at least one PPDU of the set of multiple PPDUs fails to satisfy a PPDU length threshold.
  • the first primary channel includes a main primary channel
  • the second primary channel includes an opportunistic primary channel.
  • the first wireless communication device includes a NPCA capable station.
  • the wireless communication device 1100 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the indication component 1125 is configurable or configured to receive, from a second wireless communication device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a PHY PPDU associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, the PPDU including a header portion and a data portion.
  • the channel switching component 1130 is configurable or configured to switch to a second primary channel based on a length of the PPDU satisfying a threshold value and on the PPDU being an inter-BSS PPDU.
  • the communication component 1135 is configurable or configured to communicate on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • the communication component 1135 is configurable or configured to decode a first field included in the header portion of the PPDU to identify the length of the PPDU. In some examples, the communication component 1135 is configurable or configured to decode a second field included in the header portion of the PPDU to identify that the PPDU is the inter-BSS PPDU, where the first field is located earlier than the second field in the header portion.
  • the channel switching component 1130 is configurable or configured to switch to the second primary channel in response to decoding the second field included in the header portion of the PPDU to identify that the PPDU is the inter-BSS PPDU.
  • the channel switching component 1130 is configurable or configured to switch to the second primary channel based on determining that a processing delay duration has elapsed after decoding the second field included in the header portion of the PPDU to identify that the PPDU is the inter-BSS PPDU.
  • the indication component 1125 is configurable or configured to receive, from the second wireless communication device and on the first primary channel, an indication of a frame initiating a transmission opportunity associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, the frame including a duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel.
  • the channel switching component 1130 is configurable or configured to refrain from switching to the second primary channel in response to receiving the frame based on the duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel not satisfying a threshold duration value.
  • FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a system 1200 including a device 1205 that supports NPCA switching conditions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 1205 may be an example of or include components of a device 905, a device 1005, or a STA as described herein.
  • the device 1205 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1220, an I/O controller, such as an I/O controller 1210, a transceiver 1215, one or more antennas 1225, at least one memory 1230, code 1235, and at least one processor 1240.
  • These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (such as operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (such as a bus 1245).
  • the memory 1230 may include RAM and ROM.
  • the memory 1230 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as code 1235.
  • the code 1235 may include instructions that, when executed by the processor 1240, cause the device 1205 to perform various functions described herein.
  • the memory 1230 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
  • the processor 1240 may include an intelligent hardware device, (such as a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof).
  • the processor 1240 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller.
  • a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1240.
  • the processor 1240 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (such as the memory 1230) to cause the device 1205 to perform various functions (such as functions or tasks supporting NPCA switching conditions).
  • the device 1205 or a component of the device 1205 may include a processor 1240 and memory 1230 coupled to the processor 1240, the processor 1240 and memory 1230 configured to perform various functions described herein.
  • the communications manager 1220 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second wireless communication device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a frame initiating a transmission opportunity associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel.
  • the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching to a second primary channel based on determining that a threshold duration has elapsed from an end of the frame initiating the transmission opportunity.
  • the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • the communications manager 1220 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second wireless communication device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a PHY PPDU associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, the PPDU including a header portion and a data portion.
  • the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching to a second primary channel based on a length of the PPDU satisfying a threshold value and on the PPDU being an inter-BSS PPDU.
  • the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • FIG 13 shows a flowchart illustrating an example process 1300 performable by or at an apparatus that supports NPCA switching conditions.
  • the operations of the process 1300 may be implemented by an apparatus or its components as described herein.
  • the process 1300 may be performed by a wireless communication device, such as the wireless communication device 1100 described with reference to Figure 11, operating as or within a wireless STA.
  • the process 1300 may be performed by a wireless STA, such as one of the STAs 104 described with reference to Figure 1.
  • the apparatus may receive, from a second wireless communication device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a frame initiating a transmission opportunity associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel.
  • the operations of 1305 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by an indication component 1125 as described with reference to Figure 11.
  • the apparatus may switch to a second primary channel based on determining that a threshold duration has elapsed from an end of the frame initiating the transmission opportunity.
  • the operations of 1310 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a channel switching component 1130 as described with reference to Figure 11.
  • the apparatus may communicate on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • the operations of 1315 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed by a communication component 1135 as described with reference to Figure 11.
  • FIG 14 shows a flowchart illustrating an example process 1400 performable by or at an apparatus that supports NPCA switching conditions.
  • the operations of the process 1400 may be implemented by an apparatus or its components as described herein.
  • the process 1400 may be performed by a wireless communication device, such as the wireless communication device 1100 described with reference to Figure 11, operating as or within a wireless STA.
  • the process 1400 may be performed by a wireless STA, such as one of the STAs 104 described with reference to Figure 1.
  • FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating an example process 1500 performable by or at an apparatus that supports NPCA switching conditions.
  • the operations of the process 1500 may be implemented by an apparatus or its components as described herein.
  • the process 1500 may be performed by a wireless communication device, such as the wireless communication device 1100 described with reference to Figure 11, operating as or within a wireless STA.
  • the process 1500 may be performed by a wireless STA, such as one of the STAs 104 described with reference to Figure 1.
  • the apparatus may receive, from a second wireless communication device and on a first primary channel, an indication of a PHY PPDU associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, the PPDU including a header portion and a data portion.
  • the operations of 1505 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed by an indication component 1125 as described with reference to Figure 11.
  • the apparatus may switch to a second primary channel based on a length of the PPDU satisfying a threshold value and on the PPDU being an inter-BSS PPDU.
  • the operations of 1510 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by a channel switching component 1130 as described with reference to Figure 11.
  • the apparatus may communicate on the second primary channel based on switching to the second primary channel.
  • the operations of 1515 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed by a communication component 1135 as described with reference to Figure 11.
  • Aspect 3 The method of aspect 2, further comprising: switching to the first primary channel before expiration of the duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel.
  • Aspect 4 The method of any of aspects 2 through 3, wherein the threshold duration comprises a sum of an initial control frame time value, a receiver start delay time value, and two times a short interframe space time value.
  • Aspect 19 The method of any of aspects 17 through 18, wherein switching to the second primary channel further comprises: switching to the second primary channel based at least in part on determining that a processing delay duration has elapsed after decoding the second field included in the header portion of the PPDU to identify that the PPDU is the inter-BSS PPDU.
  • Aspect 22 The method of any of aspects 16 through 21, further comprising: receiving, from the second wireless communications device and on the first primary channel, an indication of a frame initiating a transmission opportunity associated with an upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel, the frame comprising a duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel; and refraining from switching to the second primary channel in response to receiving the frame based at least in part on the duration of upcoming data transmission on the first primary channel not satisfying a threshold duration value.
  • Aspect 23 The method of aspect 22, wherein the frame comprises a short initial control frame, or a short initial control response, or both.
  • Aspect 24 The method of any of aspects 16 through 23, wherein the first primary channel comprises a main primary channel, and the second primary channel comprises an opportunistic primary channel.
  • Aspect 25 The method of any of aspects 16 through 24, wherein the first wireless communications device comprises a NPCA capable station.
  • Aspect 26 An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 15.
  • Aspect 27 An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 15.
  • Aspect 28 A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 15.
  • Aspect 29 An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 16 through 25.
  • Aspect 30 An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 16 through 25.
  • Aspect 31 A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 16 through 25.
  • determining encompasses a wide variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, estimating, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure), inferring, ascertaining, or measuring, among other possibilities. Also, “determining” can include receiving (such as receiving information), accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory) or transmitting (such as transmitting information), among other possibilities. Additionally, “determining” can include resolving, selecting, obtaining, choosing, establishing and other such similar actions.
  • a phrase referring to “at least one of’ or “one or more of’ a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members.
  • “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c.
  • “or” is intended to be interpreted in the inclusive sense, unless otherwise explicitly indicated. For example, “a or b” may include a only, b only, or a combination of a and b.
  • a phrase referring to “a” or “an” element refers to one or more of such elements acting individually or collectively to perform the recited function(s). Additionally, a “set” refers to one or more items, and a “subset” refers to less than a whole set, but non-empty.
  • based on is intended to be interpreted in the inclusive sense, unless otherwise explicitly indicated. For example, “based on” may be used interchangeably with “based at least in part on,” “associated with,” “in association with,” or “in accordance with” unless otherwise explicitly indicated. Specifically, unless a phrase refers to “based on only ‘a,’” or the equivalent in context, whatever it is that is “based on ‘a,’” or “based at least in part on ‘a,’” may be based on “a” alone or based on a combination of “a” and one or more other factors, conditions, or information.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne des procédés, des composants, des dispositifs et des systèmes pour des conditions de commutation d'accès à un canal non primaire. Certains aspects concernent plus spécifiquement un premier dispositif de communication sans fil qui peut recevoir une indication d'une trame initiant une opportunité d'émission associée à une émission de données à venir sur un premier canal primaire. Dans certains exemples, le premier dispositif de communication sans fil peut commuter vers un second canal primaire sur la base de la détermination qu'une durée seuil s'est écoulée depuis une fin de la trame initiant l'opportunité d'émission. Dans certains exemples, le premier dispositif de communication sans fil peut recevoir une indication d'une unité de données de protocole de couche physique (PPDU) associée à une émission de données à venir sur le premier canal primaire. Dans certains exemples, le premier dispositif de communication sans fil peut commuter vers un second canal primaire sur la base du fait qu'une longueur de la PPDU satisfait une valeur seuil et que la PPDU est une PPDU d'ensemble de services inter-basiques (inter-BSS).
PCT/US2025/012998 2024-02-07 2025-01-24 Conditions de commutation d'accès à un canal non primaire Pending WO2025170774A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202463550997P 2024-02-07 2024-02-07
US63/550,997 2024-02-07
US19/035,641 US20250254725A1 (en) 2024-02-07 2025-01-23 Non-primary channel access switching conditions
US19/035,641 2025-01-23

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WO2025170774A1 true WO2025170774A1 (fr) 2025-08-14

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113301574A (zh) * 2020-02-21 2021-08-24 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 无线通信中部分频宽频谱复用传输的方法及装置
WO2024025340A1 (fr) * 2022-07-28 2024-02-01 Kstl Dispositif et procédé d'accès à un canal

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113301574A (zh) * 2020-02-21 2021-08-24 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 无线通信中部分频宽频谱复用传输的方法及装置
WO2024025340A1 (fr) * 2022-07-28 2024-02-01 Kstl Dispositif et procédé d'accès à un canal

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