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WO2025168426A1 - Pare-brise à couche chauffante et agencement optimisé d'un capteur de température intégré - Google Patents

Pare-brise à couche chauffante et agencement optimisé d'un capteur de température intégré

Info

Publication number
WO2025168426A1
WO2025168426A1 PCT/EP2025/052316 EP2025052316W WO2025168426A1 WO 2025168426 A1 WO2025168426 A1 WO 2025168426A1 EP 2025052316 W EP2025052316 W EP 2025052316W WO 2025168426 A1 WO2025168426 A1 WO 2025168426A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature sensor
pane
windshield
area
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2025/052316
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Guillaume Pandraud
Wolfgang-Andreas NOSITSCHKA
Stephan GILLESSEN
Pierre DUNAND
Xuejuan XU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Sekurit France
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Sekurit France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Sekurit France filed Critical Saint Gobain Sekurit France
Publication of WO2025168426A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025168426A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10247—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3668—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having electrical properties
    • C03C17/3673—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having electrical properties specially adapted for use in heating devices for rear window of vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laminated windshield comprising a functional heating layer and an integrated temperature sensor, in particular for control of an automated heating and/or De-lcing/Defogging-System.
  • one or more functional layers in particular as electrically conductive coatings or comprising such conductive coatings are being arranged on individual sides of the panes of vehicle windows, which have, for example, infrared reflective properties, anti-reflective properties or low-E properties.
  • windows with these functional coatings for example, climate comfort in vehicles can be improved and energy savings can be achieved.
  • Another function of electrically conductive layers in vehicle windows is to keep at least the central field of vision free of ice, fog and condensed moisture. This is in general realized in addition or to replace the defogging or defrosting by the manual or automatic activation of an air flow along the windshield (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning HVAC system).
  • Transparent windows comprising an electrical heating layer are well known per se and have already been described many times in the patent literature. Reference is made by way of example in this regard to the German published patent applications DE10200705286, DE102008018147A1 , DE102008 029986 A1 and WO2010/043598A1 . In motor vehicles, they are often used as windshields since, by law, the central visual field must have no substantial vision restrictions. By means of the heat generated by applying electric voltage to the heating layer, condensed moisture, ice, and snow can be removed within a short time.
  • WO 2003/024155 A2 US 2007/0082219 A1 , US 2007/0020465 A1 und WO 2012/052315 A1 , for example disclose such heating, layers as electrically conductive coatings on metal basis, in particular based on a multi-layer stack of one or more silver-containing layers.
  • the electrical contacting of the heating layer usually takes place via busbars, which typically run along the upper and lower edges of the pane.
  • the bus conductors collect the current that flows through the electrical heating layer and direct it to external leads that are connected to a voltage source.
  • the voltage applied to the electrical heating layer is usually controlled by external switches, which are integrated into a dashboard in vehicles, for example. It is desirable to achieve the most immediate and reliable control and control of the heating layer.
  • More and more vehicles were equipped with automatic defog/defrost systems, in particular for windshields. These systems require in principle sensors to identify the need for a heating element or system to be activated. Suitable sensors are for example condensation sensors, but more generally a set of air humidity sensors to estimate the dew point and glass temperature sensors. In this case, which is the most common, a condensation risk is assessed by comparing the glass temperature and the dew point. Then a drying program and/or the heating system is automatically activated, in general by either a common HVAC system with applying optionally heated air, or by heating the glazing itself with a transparent heating layer on or in the glass.
  • Suitable sensors are for example condensation sensors, but more generally a set of air humidity sensors to estimate the dew point and glass temperature sensors. In this case, which is the most common, a condensation risk is assessed by comparing the glass temperature and the dew point. Then a drying program and/or the heating system is automatically activated, in general by either a common HVAC system with applying optionally heated air, or by heating the glazing
  • any heterogeneity in the heating distribution on the windshield will create a heterogeneity in the local windshield temperatures.
  • This means that controlling the overall heating with sensors will massively be influenced by their location.
  • One obvious way to remediate this would be to multiply the number of temperature sensors and put them in different locations, but this, on the other hand, would massively increase the cost of the heating and Defogging/De-lcing system and the manufacture of the windshield comprising the necessary sensors is much more complex.
  • some sensor positions are not possible or impractical for different reasons, whether industrial, economical or due to requirements of legal standards and regulations.
  • US2023/0073820 A1 discloses a vehicle pane with a temperature sensor comprising, a single-pane safety glass (ESG) or a laminated safety glass, comprising a substrate, for example a glass pane, and an electrically conductive coating wherein a temperature measuring field is formed within the layer of the electrically conductive coating.
  • a temperature measurement current path is formed by a region of the electrically conductive coating and runs between two electrical contact points.
  • the measurement current path is formed by insulating lines that are introduced into the electrically conductive coating.
  • a laminated windshield comprising at least one transparent electrically conductive heating layer and an optimized integrated temperature sensor arrangement, in particular for control of an automated heating and/or De-lcing/Defogging System, which can be integrated in a functionally safe and visually inconspicuous manner and which provides a most reliable temperature measurement of the laminated pane with a minimum number of temperature sensors. Additionally the manufacture complexity, efforts and costs should be reduced.
  • a laminated windshield with a transparent area and an opaque peripheral cover print area comprising a first pane with an outer surface III and an inner surface IV, a second pane with an inner surface II and an outer surface I, which are connected via a thermoplastic intermediate layer, wherein the transparent area comprises a see-through zone B and within zone B a central view zone A, characterized in that, at least one electrically conductive heating layer is provided on the outer surface III of the first pane and/or on the inner surface II of the second pane and which is functionally connected to a control module, at least comprising a capacitive or resistive temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is arranged in a recess of the thermoplastic intermediate layer, between the electrically conductive heating layer and the opposing first or second pane, within the transparent area between the see-through zone B and the cover print area C, and additionally the temperature sensor is arranged in an area in which the power density value of the heating layer in the laminated windshield has less than 5% difference with the respective average power density value
  • the temperature detection of the glass and reliability of the temperature measurement can be optimized.
  • the control of an automated heating and/or De-lcing/Defogging System of a windshield based on the measurement of the glass temperature with such integrated temperature sensor according to the invention can be optimized accordingly.
  • the temperature sensor is advantageously integrated in a functionally safe, robust and additionally, in a visually inconspicuous manner, while providing a most reliable temperature measurement of the laminated pane with a minimum number of temperature sensors.
  • With the proposed positioning of the temperature sensor preferably and advantageously only one temperature sensor is needed and sufficient for a reliable measurement of the glass temperature. Furthermore, the manufacture complexity, efforts and costs can significantly be reduced. A modification of the electrically conductive coating can be avoided.
  • opposing first or second pane is the pane separated from said coating by the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • this opposing pane can also be provided with another coating, for example another electrically conductive coating.
  • the temperature sensor For different windshields, the temperature sensor’s location must respect specifications having different sources, like windshield shape, dimensions, materials, regulatory provisions therefore, etc. and thus, cannot be expressed in general as a single formula or absolute coordinates.
  • the temperature sensor it is possible to arrange the temperature sensor in an optimized position for a reliable measurement of the glass (pane) temperature as basis for an automated heating and/or De-Icing and Defogging system.
  • a windshield in particular the windshield of a passenger car is provided.
  • the windshield has a peripheral frame like opaque cover print.
  • cover prints are customary for vehicle windows, in particular in case of windshields.
  • the cover print area is arranged adjacent to the side edge of the vehicle window, for example with a width of 5 cm to 20 cm, and surrounds the vehicle window like a frame.
  • the cover print also referred to as masking print, is typically formed from an opaque, in particular black, enamel which is applied to one or more pane surfaces using the well-known screenprinting process.
  • the primary purpose of this masking print is to conceal the adhesive bond between the vehicle window and the vehicle body and to protect it from UV radiation.
  • the area of the circumferential (peripheral) cover print is opaque and surrounds the transparent area of the vehicle window, which comprises the see-through zone B intended for viewing and therein the central view zone A, which is also referred to as the central viewing area or zone A in the context of the invention.
  • Transparent in the context of the invention means the visible light transmission of the respective element, pane, layer, etc., is preferably at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 60%.
  • the light transmission is very particularly preferably at least 70%.
  • the grade of light transmission can be determined analogously according to ISO 9050:2003.
  • the see-through area B is transparent and has, at least in zone A, a total light transmission of at least 70%.
  • the term total light transmission refers to the procedure for testing the light transmission of vehicle windows specified by ECE-R 43, Annex 3, Section 9.1.
  • the total light transmission has to be at least 70%, in particular at least in the so-called central field of vision A (field of vision A, zone A).
  • Field of vision A is defined there in Appendix 18.
  • the electrically conductive layer is provided as electrically conductive coating and preferably covers the entire transparent area, apart from any interruptions or coating- free areas that serve as communication windows or data transmission windows and are arranged outside the central field of view A or see through area B (zone B), respectively.
  • the electrically conductive coating covers more than 85 %, in particular preferably more than 90 % of the surface of the laminated windshield.
  • electrical contact points are particularly preferably arranged in the area of the cover print.
  • the electrically conductive coating has no interruptions in the central field of view A, for example due to laser-cut structuring lines.
  • the electrically conductive coating particularly preferably has no such interruptions in the central field of view B either.
  • the temperature sensor is arranged outside zone A and zone B, respectively and thus any discomfort for the driver and resulting consequences on their safety are prevented.
  • the power density of the electrically conductive heating layer near the temperature sensor is close to the average power density in the zones A and B (together), in particular the power density value of the heating layer in the position of the temperature sensor has less than 5% difference with the respective average power density value in the see-through zone B including central view zone A.
  • the power density also referred to as energy density or watt density is defined as the output power from a heating element divided by the actively heated surface area.
  • the term power or watt density has found common usage within the industry and is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the power density area for optimal positioning of the temperature sensor for an individual windshield arrangement can be determined for example by computer simulation for a sample windshield, for example as electricalthermal simulation (Finite Element Analysis FEA, done with software Simulia Abaqus), or by a thermographic measurement of such composite pane with a thermographic camera, wherein the temperature in the windshield can be measured, charted and visualized in a colored image.
  • the average power density value of the zone B and A is calculated from the measured values or the values determined by simulation over the complete zone (B+A).
  • Typical punctual measured values of power density in car windshields with electrically conductive heating layers are for example between 200 and 400 W/m 2 .
  • the temperature sensor according to the invention is arranged outside the cover print area, usually a black print area, as the glass is heated in this darker area by the sun differentially from the transparent area, leading to an error in temperature estimation. Such error in temperature detection can be avoided according to the invention. Additionally, the temperature sensor is preferably positioned in the lower half of the windshield based on the installed position in a vehicle. In other words the temperature sensor is preferably positioned closer to the hood or A-pillar sides and not on top side of the windshield.
  • an activation of the heating in particular in connection with an automated de-icing and/or defogging system, can be provided in a more precise manner.
  • the heating layer is transparent and is arranged on the exterior (outer) surface of the first and/or the interior surface of the second pane, each facing the intermediate layer and the other pane.
  • the electrically conductive coating which is referred to as “the heating layer” according to the invention is then protected from corrosion and damage inside the laminated glass.
  • the windshield separates an interior of a vehicle from the external surroundings.
  • the windshield laminate comprises a first and a second glass pane, also referred to in the context of the invention as the “inner pane and outer pane” and joined to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • inner pane refers to the pane facing the interior of the vehicle in the installed position.
  • outer pane refers to the pane facing the external surroundings in the installed position.
  • the “interior-side surface (interior-side surface or inner side or inner surface)” means that surface of the pane that faces the interior in the installed position.
  • the “exterior-side surface (or outer side or outer surface)” means that surface of the pane that faces the external surroundings in the installed position.
  • the surfaces of the glass panes are typically referred to as follows:
  • the exterior-side surface of the outer pane is referred to as side I.
  • the interior-side surface of the outer pane is referred to as side II.
  • the exterior-side surface of the inner pane is referred to as side III.
  • the interior-side surface of the inner pane is referred to as side IV.
  • each electrically conductive layer is preferably formed on the basis of a metal, in particular on the basis of silver, alternatively, for example, on the basis of gold, aluminum or copper nickel, chromium, niobium, tin, titanium, palladium, zinc, cadmium, silicon, tungsten or alloys thereof.
  • the transparent electrically conductive heating layer can also comprise least one metal oxide layer, preferably tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, Sn02: F) or antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, Sn02: Sb).
  • ITO indium oxide
  • AZO aluminum-doped zinc oxide
  • FTO, Sn02: F fluorine-doped tin oxide
  • ATO, Sn02: Sb antimony-doped tin oxide
  • Transparent, electrically conductive layers are known, for example, from DE 20 2008 017 611 U1 , EP 0 847 965 B1 and WO 2012/052315 A1. They consist, for example, of a metal layer such as a silver layer or a layer of a metal alloy containing silver. Typical silver layers preferably have thicknesses of 5 nm to 15 nm, particularly preferably 8 nm to 12 nm. In these thicknesses the coating shows a good conductivity and a high transmission in the visual area. The metal layer in the coatings can be embedded between at least two layers of dielectric material of the metal oxide type.
  • the metal oxide preferably contains zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide or the like and combinations of one or more thereof.
  • the dielectric material can also contain silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, and combinations of one or more thereof.
  • the layer structure is generally obtained through a sequence of deposition processes that are carried out using a vacuum process such as magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
  • Transparent, electrically conductive layers preferably have a sheet resistance of 0.1 ohm/square to 200 ohm/square, particularly preferably from 0.4 ohm/square to 50 ohm I square and very particularly preferably from 1 ohm/square to 10 ohm/square.
  • sheet resistances are particularly suitable for the heating of vehicle windows, with typical onboard voltages of 12 V to 48 volts or for electric vehicles with typical on-board voltages of up to 500 V.
  • Such electrically conductive coatings are already known and used as heating layers in laminated windshields, being electrically contacted so that an electric current can be passed through them in order to heat the windshield.
  • the electrical connection is typically made via busbars, which are arranged along two opposite side edges over a large part of the width of the pane and are designed, for example, as strips of metal foil, in particular copper foil, or as a burned-in paste containing glass frits and silver particles, usually printed via screen printing.
  • the coating In principle, there are no requirements for the coating other than the fact that it must be transparent and electrically conductive.
  • Usual coatings are stacks of several thin layers, the electrical conductivity being provided by one or more electrically conductive individual layers.
  • the layer thicknesses of the individual layers of the thin-layer stack are usually less than 1 pm.
  • the windshield according to the invention includes an electrical connection element or an electrical bus bar.
  • Electrical connection elements and bus bars are used to connect electrically conductive structures, in particular the electrically conductive layer (heatable coating) or heating wires, to an external power source.
  • the electrical connection is for example made via so-called bus bars.
  • the bus bars serve to transfer electrical power and enable homogeneous voltage distribution.
  • the bus bars are advantageously produced by printing a conductive paste.
  • the conductive paste preferably contains silver particles and glass frits.
  • the layer thickness of the conductive paste is preferably from 5 pm to 20 pm.
  • thin and narrow metal foil strips or metal wires are used as bus bars, which preferably contain copper and/or aluminum; in particular, copper foil strips with a thickness of, for example, approx. 50 pm are used.
  • the width of the copper foil strips is preferably 1 mm to 10 mm.
  • the electrical contact between a conductive structure of the composite pane and the bus bar can be produced, for example, by soldering or by gluing with an electrically conductive adhesive.
  • the electrical contacting between an electrical connection cable and a bus bar can be done either indirectly via electrical connection elements or directly. Electrical connection elements are used to achieve the best possible connection to the bus bar in terms of mechanical stability of the connection and minimization of an undesirable voltage drop. Suitable means for electrically conductively fixing the contact element to the bus bar are known to the person skilled in the art, for example, by soldering or gluing by means of a conductive adhesive.
  • the connection elements themselves are usually made of conductive metals, such as copper, silver, nickel, chromium-containing steels, and/or alloys thereof.
  • the temperature sensor is positioned in the transparent area (TA) less than 3 cm from the opaque peripheral cover print area and thus, advantageously the temperature sensor is arranged close to the edge of the windshield and electric connectors, to reduce cost and electric inefficiencies.
  • TA transparent area
  • connectors position it is assumed that according to the invention they will preferably be close to the hood of a vehicle in installed position, being located in the lower half, in particularly preferred in the lower third of the windshield.
  • a wiping area is defined and the temperature sensor is positioned in the wiping area.
  • sensors should be arranged within the area of the windshield that is covered by the windscreen wipers of a vehicle when installed.
  • the temperature sensor respectively the windshield area where the sensor is positioned, is covered by rain, snow, or even ice, while the see-through area of the windshield is not covered. This reduces the risk of miscalculations for the temperature estimation.
  • a transition zone TZ is provided between the opaque peripheral cover area C and the transparent area TA, comprising gradient structure elements for a smoother transition, wherein one or more gradient structure element in a top view is replaced by the temperature sensor.
  • the temperature sensor can be hidden in a way to reduce the discomfort to the users and to improve the optical appearance.
  • the cover area C can be a black print area and inside the transition zone smaller and small black dots as gradient structure elements are printed with the same black enamel print, to make a smoother transition between the fully opaque black print cover area with zero light transmission and the fully transparent area. A small enough sensor could easily replace one of the dots in such pattern.
  • the temperature sensor is in top view on the windshield positioned within a decorative and/or informative element, in particular a logo and/or lettering. More preferred the sensor is positioned in a transparent part of the decorative and/or informative element. This is another possibility to optically hide the temperature sensor and to achieve that it is integrated in a functionally safe and visually inconspicuous manner.
  • an isolating film preferably a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, is arranged for electrical isolation of the temperature sensor from the heating layer.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the temperature sensor is a thermistor, in particular a PTC-thermistor or a NTC-thermistor.
  • Thermistors are reliable and commercially available sensor components that can advantageously be integrated cost-effectively.
  • a thermistor is an electrical resistance whose value changes reproducibly with temperature.
  • Thermistors are usually almost wear-free which ensures the long-term reliability of the temperature measurement and/or the switching function by the thermistor for the operation of a heating system with the heating layer.
  • Thermistors are commercially available in suitable form, function and size.
  • the thermistor can, for example, act as a temperature-dependent, self-switching switch in the control module to connect or disconnect the heating layer from a power supply. If a predeterminable limit temperature is exceeded, the thermistor can separate the heating layer from the power source and/or if it falls below a further limit temperature that is different from a lower limit temperature, connect it.
  • the thermistor can be used to prevent the threat of overheating of the heating layer and any resulting delamination of the thermoplastic intermediate layer of the composite pane according to the invention, or the heating layer can be switched on automatically if, for example, the outside temperature falls below 0 ° C.
  • the control module comprises at least the temperature sensor which is located within the intermediate layer in the windshield between the inner and outer pane, but also contains all necessary connections and elements, like electrical connectors, wires, for connection to a power source or other usual functional elements, for example for wireless communicative connections to a control unit.
  • the control module may additionally comprise other sensors for example a humidity/ moisture sensor or a second temperature sensor.
  • a thermistor is designed not to connect the electrically conductive heating layer directly to a power source, but rather is functionally coupled to a control unit or the on-board computer of a vehicle, which controls or regulates the heating of the window pane and is functionally coupled (connected).
  • the electrically operable heating layer can be activated or deactivated when this control module comprising the temperature sensor is set to a corresponding switching temperature or limit temperature. This means that unnecessary heating, for example of a windshield, by the heating layer can be avoided and the energy consumption of the motor vehicle can be optimized, which is an important aspect, particularly in electric vehicles.
  • the invention also extends to a method for manufacture of a windshield according to the invention.
  • the procedure includes the steps:
  • thermoplastic film with a recess, for formation of the thermoplastic intermediate layer
  • control module comprising a temperature sensor and arrangement of said temperature sensor, in the recess in the thermoplastic film
  • step C) bonding of the stack formed in step D) and wherein in step C) the temperature sensor is arranged in a recess of the thermoplastic intermediate layer, between the electrically conductive heating layer and the opposing first or second pane, within the transparent area, between the see-through zone B and the cover print area C, and additionally the temperature sensor is arranged in an area in which the power density value of the heating layer has less than 5% difference with the respective average power density value in the see-through zone B including central view zone A, and the temperature sensor is positioned in the lower half of the windshield based on the installed position.
  • the first and the second pane contain glass and/or transparent plastics.
  • the first pane and/or the second pane particularly preferably contain quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda lime glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, and/or mixtures thereof.
  • the panes are made of glass.
  • the windshield is preferably bent in one or more spatial directions, as is customary for motor vehicle panes, with typical radii of curvature in the range from approx. 10 cm to approx. 40 cm.
  • the composite glass can, however, also be flat, for example, when it is intended as a windshield pane for buses, trains or tractors.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer of the windshield comprises at least one first laminating film and, optionally, one or more second laminating films.
  • the first laminating film can, if need be, be composed of a plurality of individual, congruent, full-surface thermoplastic films. This is, for example, advantageous when the desired thickness of the first laminating film is an integer multiple of the thickness of a commercially available film with a standard thickness.
  • the first laminating film and the second laminating film are thermoplastic films that are suitable for producing for an adhesive bond to one another and to adjacent panes and/or to adjacent functional elements. During the known lamination operation, the laminating films begin to flow under the action of heat, as a result of which they adhere to adjacent elements and are bonded thereto and to one another.
  • the first and the second laminating films contain polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and/or polyurethane (Pll).
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • Pll polyurethane
  • the individual films remain identifiable as such despite melting during the lamination operation.
  • the material flows at the edges of the films during the lamination operation; however, complete mixing does not occur such that in the product, the individual film sections and their composition are still detectable.
  • the bonding of the first pane and the second pane in step E) is preferably done under the action of heat, vacuum, and/or pressure.
  • Advantageously methods known per se for producing a composite pane can be used.
  • so-called autoclave methods can be carried out at an elevated pressure of approx. 1 bar to 15 bar and temperatures from 110° C. to 145° C. over approx. 2 hours.
  • Vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods known per se operate, for example, at approx. 50 mbar and 80° C. to 130° C.
  • the first pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer, and the second pane can also be pressed in a calander between at least one pair of rollers to form a pane.
  • Systems of this type for producing panes are known and normally have at least one heating tunnel upstream before a pressing facility.
  • the temperature during the pressing operation is, for example, from 40° C. to 150° C. Combinations of calander and autoclave processes have particularly proven their worth in practice.
  • vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or a plurality of heatable and evacuable chambers, in which the first pane and the second pane are laminated within, for example, approx. 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures from 80° C. to 170° C.
  • the windshield according to the invention as composite pane with an internal heating layer can be provided in which a temperature sensor intended for use in control of the heating layer, in particular for forming a heating as well as De-Icing and Defogging system, can be integrated in a simple, cost-effective manner in an optimized, most functionally safe and inconspicuous manner.
  • the windshield with the integrated control component is easy and cost-effective to manufacture. In particular, this is possible with the current mechanical and process engineering approach to producing composite panes without the need for complex adjustments.
  • the various embodiments of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and to be explained below can be used not only in the specified combinations, but also in other combinations or alone, without leaving the scope of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 a plan view of an embodiment of the windshield according to the invention
  • Figure 2 a cross-sectional view X-X’ of a preferred embodiment of the windshield in
  • Figure 3 a plan view of another embodiment of the windshield with a transition zone
  • Figure 4 a plan view of a detail of a windshield edge with a transition zone and a logo
  • Figure 5a a copy of an image of a thermographic measurement of a sample windshield with a thermographic camera
  • Figure 5b a schematic drawing of the image shown in Figure 5a.
  • Figure 1 depicts a plan view of a laminated windshield, in particular the windshield 100 of a passenger car according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the windshield 100 has a peripheral frame like opaque cover print C.
  • the cover print area C is arranged adjacent to the side edges of the vehicle window 100, for example with a width of 5 cm to 20 cm, and surrounds the vehicle window like a frame.
  • the circumferential, peripheral cover print C is for example opaque and surrounds the transparent area TA of the windshield 100, which comprises the see-through zone B intended for viewing through and therein the central view zone A, which is also referred to as the central viewing area or zone A in the context of the invention.
  • At least one electrically conductive heating layer 3 is provided on the outer surface III of the inner pane 1 and/or on the inner surface II of the outer pane 2 and which is functionally connected to a control module, at least comprising a capacitive or resistive temperature sensor.
  • the temperature sensor 6 is arranged sandwiched between the first and the second pane in the thermoplastic intermediate layer, within the transparent area TA between the see-through zone B and the cover print area C, and additionally the temperature sensor 6 is arranged in an area in which the power density value of the heating layer has less than 5% difference with the respective average power density value in the see-through zone B including central view zone A, and the temperature sensor 6 is positioned in the lower half of the windshield 100 based on the installed position, which is particularly preferably close to the hood.
  • the temperature detection of the glass and reliability of the temperature measurement can be optimized.
  • the control of an automated heating and/or de- icing/defogging system of a windshield 100 based on the measurement of the glass temperature with the integrated temperature sensor 6 can be optimized accordingly.
  • the control module additionally comprises for example a humidity/ moisture sensor and necessary functional electrical or communicative connections for integration into an automated heating, de-icing and defogging system.
  • the temperature sensor 6 is advantageously integrated in a functionally safe and additionally, in a visually inconspicuous manner, while providing a most reliable temperature measurement of the laminated pane with a minimum number of temperature sensors. With the proposed positioning of the temperature sensor 6, preferably and advantageously only one temperature sensor 6 is needed and sufficient for a reliable measurement of the glass temperature. Thus, the manufacture complexity, efforts and costs for the windshield with an automated heating and De-Icing and Defogging system can significantly be reduced.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view X-X’ of a preferred embodiment of the composite pane 100 according to the invention shown in Figure 1 , which has a first pane 1 (inner pane) with an inner surface III and an outer surface IV, a second pane 2 (outer pane) with an inner surface II and an outer surface I, which are joint each other through a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4.
  • a functional, electrically conductive coating is applied to the inner surface III of the first pane 1 , which according to the invention is preferably a heating layer 3.
  • a temperature sensor 6 is positioned in a recess 7 between the electrically conductive heating layer (3) and the opposing second pane 2 in the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and is, in this preferred embodiment electrically insulated from the functional electrically conductive heating layer 3 by an insulating film 5, arranged at least in the area of the recess 7.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 can be formed in multiple layers from a stack of several thermoplastic films, into which the recess 7 for sensor position, was punched or cut precisely, for example at the same time with the same tool.
  • the intermediate layer 4 can also be formed in several pieces from film parts, leaving out the position (recess 7) for the temperature sensor 6, which is preferably a capacitive or resistive sensor, in particular a thermistor wired with electrical connections 8.
  • the temperature sensor is functionally connected to the heating layer and/or a control unit preferably the on-board computer of a vehicle (not shown).
  • a composite pane 100 is provided with an inconspicuously integrated sensor 6, in particular for providing precise and reliable temperature data of the windshield as basis for a heating system with an internal, electrically conductive heating layer 3, in particular for control of an automated heating and/or De- Icing/Defogging-System.
  • the temperature sensor 6 is safely and non-destructively integrated and stored between the inner pane 1 and outer pane 2 in a recess 7 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and is reliably electrically insulated from the heating layer 3 by the insulating film 5, so that perfect and long-term functionality is guaranteed.
  • the insulation film 5 is designed with an overlap to dimension the recess 7 in order to ensure the electrical insulation of the sensor 6 and against the electrically conductive heating layer 3 even in the event of a slight offset during production.
  • the insulation film 5 can be, for example, a polyethylene terephthalate film.
  • the electrical connections of the functional coating 3 as well as any other cable and signal paths to a control unit, for example to the on-board computer of a vehicle, are not shown. These connections can be designed a known and usual way.
  • FIG 3 shows a plan view of another embodiment of the windshield with a transition zone TZ.
  • a transition zone TZ is provided between the opaque peripheral cover area C and the transparent area (TA), comprising gradient structure elements for a smoother transition.
  • the temperature sensor 6 could also be hidden in a way to reduce the discomfort to the users and to improve the optical appearance.
  • the cover area C can be a fully black enamel print and inside the transition zone TZ smaller and small black dots as gradient structure elements are printed with the same black enamel print, to make a smoother transition between the black print cover area and the fully transparent area.
  • a small enough sensor 6 could easily replace one of the dots in such pattern.
  • Figure 4 a plan view of a detail of a windshield edge E with a transition zone TZ and a logo.
  • the temperature sensor 6 is located and hidden in a transparent spot included in the lettering “Atmoset” in a visually inconspicuous manner.
  • Figure 5a shows a copy of an image of a thermographic simulation of a sample windshield with an electrically conductive heating layer (electrical-thermal simulation, Finite Element Analysis FEA, done with software Simulia Abaqus.)
  • the sample windshield consisted of two panes made of soda-lime glass, wherein the first glass has a thickness of 2.1 mm and the second glass has a thickness of 1.6 mm.
  • the PVB interlayer between the panes has a thickness of 0.7 mm. With the simulation the temperature and power density of the heating layer for the whole windshield were calculated.
  • Figure 5b shows a schematic drawing of the image shown in Figure 5a of the thermographic simulation of the sample windshield.
  • C cover print area (for example black print)

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un pare-brise feuilleté (100) avec une zone transparente (TA) et une zone d'impression de recouvrement (C) périphérique opaque, comprenant une première vitre (1) avec une surface externe (III) et une surface interne (IV), une seconde vitre (2) avec une surface interne (II) et une surface externe (I), qui sont reliées par l'intermédiaire d'une couche intermédiaire thermoplastique (4), la zone transparente (TA) comprenant une zone translucide (B) et à l'intérieur de la zone (B) une zone de vue centrale (A), au moins une couche chauffante électroconductrice (3) étant disposée sur la surface externe (III) de la première vitre (1) et/ou sur la surface interne II) de la seconde vitre (2), qui est reliée de manière fonctionnelle à un module de commande comprenant au moins un capteur de température capacitif ou résistif (6), le capteur de température (6) étant agencé dans un évidement (7) de la couche intermédiaire thermoplastique (4), entre la couche chauffante électroconductrice (3) et la première (1) ou la seconde vitre (2) opposée, à l'intérieur de la zone transparente (TA) entre la zone translucide (B) et la zone d'impression de recouvrement (C) et le capteur de température (6) étant positionné dans la moitié inférieure du pare-brise (100) sur la base de la position installée. L'invention se rapporte également au procédé de fabrication d'un tel pare-brise feuilleté (100) et à son utilisation.
PCT/EP2025/052316 2024-02-09 2025-01-30 Pare-brise à couche chauffante et agencement optimisé d'un capteur de température intégré Pending WO2025168426A1 (fr)

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EP24156708 2024-02-09
EP24156708.0 2024-02-09

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Citations (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003024155A2 (fr) 2001-09-07 2003-03-20 Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) Vitre de vehicule chauffante possedant differentes tensions dans differentes zones chauffantes
US20040065651A1 (en) * 2002-10-03 2004-04-08 Voeltzel Charles S. Heatable article having a configured heating member
EP0847965B1 (fr) 1996-12-12 2004-10-20 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitrage comprenant un substrat muni d'un empilement de couches minces pour la protection solaire et-ou l'isolation thermique
US20070020465A1 (en) 2005-07-20 2007-01-25 Thiel James P Heatable windshield
US20070082219A1 (en) 2003-11-28 2007-04-12 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent substrate which can be used alternatively or cumulatively for thermal control, electromagnetic armour and heated glazing
DE102007005286A1 (de) 2007-02-02 2008-08-07 H.C. Starck Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ammoniumparawolframathydraten und Ammoniumparawolframatdekahydrat
DE102008018147A1 (de) 2008-04-10 2009-10-15 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Transparente Scheibe mit einer beheizbaren Beschichtung und niederohmigen leitenden Strukturen
DE102008029986A1 (de) 2008-06-24 2010-01-07 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Transparente Scheibe mit einer beheizbaren Beschichtung
WO2010043598A1 (fr) 2008-10-15 2010-04-22 Saint-Gobain Glass France Objet transparent présentant une zone transparente pouvant être chauffée électriquement, structurée, délimitée localement, procédé pour sa production, et son utilisation
US20100163675A1 (en) * 2008-12-30 2010-07-01 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Transparency having sensors
WO2012052315A1 (fr) 2010-10-19 2012-04-26 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre transparente
WO2012126708A1 (fr) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Saint-Gobain Glass France Procédé et système de dégivrage d'une vitre transparente au moyen d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique
US20230073820A1 (en) 2020-02-12 2023-03-09 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vehicle pane with integrated temperature sensor

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0847965B1 (fr) 1996-12-12 2004-10-20 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitrage comprenant un substrat muni d'un empilement de couches minces pour la protection solaire et-ou l'isolation thermique
WO2003024155A2 (fr) 2001-09-07 2003-03-20 Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) Vitre de vehicule chauffante possedant differentes tensions dans differentes zones chauffantes
US20040065651A1 (en) * 2002-10-03 2004-04-08 Voeltzel Charles S. Heatable article having a configured heating member
US20070082219A1 (en) 2003-11-28 2007-04-12 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent substrate which can be used alternatively or cumulatively for thermal control, electromagnetic armour and heated glazing
US20070020465A1 (en) 2005-07-20 2007-01-25 Thiel James P Heatable windshield
DE102007005286A1 (de) 2007-02-02 2008-08-07 H.C. Starck Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ammoniumparawolframathydraten und Ammoniumparawolframatdekahydrat
DE102008018147A1 (de) 2008-04-10 2009-10-15 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Transparente Scheibe mit einer beheizbaren Beschichtung und niederohmigen leitenden Strukturen
DE102008029986A1 (de) 2008-06-24 2010-01-07 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Transparente Scheibe mit einer beheizbaren Beschichtung
WO2010043598A1 (fr) 2008-10-15 2010-04-22 Saint-Gobain Glass France Objet transparent présentant une zone transparente pouvant être chauffée électriquement, structurée, délimitée localement, procédé pour sa production, et son utilisation
US20100163675A1 (en) * 2008-12-30 2010-07-01 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Transparency having sensors
WO2012052315A1 (fr) 2010-10-19 2012-04-26 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre transparente
WO2012126708A1 (fr) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Saint-Gobain Glass France Procédé et système de dégivrage d'une vitre transparente au moyen d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique
US20230073820A1 (en) 2020-02-12 2023-03-09 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vehicle pane with integrated temperature sensor

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