WO2025166389A2

WO2025166389A2 - Beam management based on event triggered measurement reporting

Info

Publication number: WO2025166389A2
Application number: PCT/US2025/026892
Authority: WO
Inventors: Kai Xu; Weimin Xiao; Zhigang Rong
Original assignee: FutureWei Technologies Inc
Current assignee: FutureWei Technologies Inc
Priority date: 2024-05-09
Filing date: 2025-04-29
Publication date: 2025-08-07
Anticipated expiration: 2026-11-09
Also published as: WO2025166389A3

Abstract

Methods, computer instructions, and systems for beam management based on triggered events, which may include receiving at a wireless device configuration parameters that include one or more reference signals (RSs), a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states each corresponding to a beam, and a threshold value. The wireless device receives a command activating one or more of the plurality of TCI states. The wireless device transmits a beam measurement report in response to a measured quality of at least one of the RSs being a threshold value better than the RS associated with one of the activated TCI states, where the beam measurement report includes an identifier of the at least one RS. Upon receiving confirmation or acknowledgment message of the report from the base station, the wireless device updates the one or more TCI states with a TCI state associated with the at least one RS.

Description

BEAM MANAGEMENT BASED ON EVENT TRIGGERED MEASUREMENT REPORTING

PRIORITY CLAIM AND CROSS-REFERENCE

[0001] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/644,939, filed on 9 May 2024 and entitled “BEAM MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES WITH WIRELESS DEVICE TRIGGERED EVENTS,” which is hereby incorporated by reference herein as if reproduced in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to methods, designs and apparatuses for beam management of wireless communication, and in particular to embodiments, including systems and designs for enhancements of wireless communication networks for beam switching and activation with low signaling overhead and latency.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Beam management is one of the key technologies to enable the performance and coverage for 5G new radio (NR) and beyond, especially for operation in frequency range 2 (FR2), which may include frequency bands from 24.25 GHz to 71.0 GHz. To improve system performance and coverage of NR, the “best” downlink (DL)/uplink (UL) beams for control channel and data channel should always be acquired and used by both the wireless device (e.g., a user equipment (UE), used herein interchangeably with “wireless device”) and the base station (e.g., gNB). However, in existing beam management procedures, only the base station configured physical layer (or layer 1 (Li)) beam measurement/ reporting is supported and specified in the current NR standard. More specifically, the base station may configure/ activate frequent periodic or semi- persistent (P/SP) beam reporting (e.g., reporting N “best” beams and corresponding Lt reference signal received power (Lt-RSRPs)) or may trigger frequent aperiodic (AP) beam reporting to acquire the “best” beams for data/control channel transmissions. Therefore, this frequent beam reporting configured by the base station may result in a large UL reporting overhead and control signaling overhead. Conversely, if less frequent beam reporting is configured, the base station may not acquire the “best” beam(s) as the beam reporting by the wireless device may be outdated, thus leading to significant performance and coverage degradation, as well as long latency for beam measurement reports.

[0004] Even though P/ SP/AP physical layer (Li) beam measurement reporting may be configured by the base station based on channel conditions, it may not work well in realistic deployments due to the balance between timely reporting and low reporting signaling overhead. Given that a wireless device such as a UE has better and more-timely knowledge of beam quality changes (e.g., the beam quality changes, due to UE rotation/movement or to overcome maximum permissible exposure (MPE) or interference issues, are not predictable from the base station side, but the wireless device may utilize various reference signals, measurements or even sensors to detect beam quality changes), a UE-initiated/event-driven beam reporting procedure, such as if criteria for certain events are fulfilled, may lead to more timely beam measurement reporting yet with reduced reporting signaling overhead. Under such a procedure, if a wireless device determines that the current beam quality becomes poor, the wireless device may trigger beam measurement reporting without the need of the base station to configure or trigger frequent beam measurement reporting, w hich can significantly reduce signaling overhead and at same time reduce latency for beam measurement reporting.

[0005] More specifically, the latency of beam switching generally includes two parts. The first part involves the latency related to beam reporting itself; and the second part involves the latency for applying the new/ reported beam(s) after the beam reporting. If only considering the UE-initiated/event-driven beam reporting itself without considering enhancements on how to apply the new beam, the potential latency reduction is very- marginal, or even no latency improvement compared to the existing beam management procedure. That is, the maximum reduction of latency from UE-initiated/event-driven beam reporting itself (e.g., latency reduction on the first part) is just only at a periodicityperiod level of periodic/ semi-persistent (P/SP) beam reporting, compared with existing P/SP beam reporting. Additionally, if the shorter periodicity period of the existing P/SP beam reporting was used, less latency reduction is obtained for the first part latency reduction for UE-initiated/event-driven beam reporting compared with the existing P/SP beam reporting. From a beam application perspective, after UE-initiated/event-driven beam reporting, the UE (or wireless device) may still perform the existing beam management procedure to apply a new candidate beam, such as receiving RRC reconfiguration, MAC CE activation and/or DCI indication, etc., which clearly further prolongs the beam application time of the UE after the UE-initiated/ event-driven beam reporting, and has no benefits for the second part of latency reduction from the existing beam management procedure. The application of a new- (candidate) beam may comprise beam switching or activation/ deactivation for the new (candidate) beam. A beam may be referred to as a reference signal (RS) or a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state. [ooo6] However, if network or base station (BS) can directly confirm/ acknowledge the reported beam(s) indicated by UE-initiated/event-driven beam reporting, a significant latency reduction on the second part can be obtained by the UE (or wireless device) via UE-initiated/event-driven beam reporting. That is, the wireless device can immediately apply the reported beam(s), indicated by the UE-initiated/event-driven beam reporting, after confirmation or acknowledgement (such as via a confirmation or acknowledgment message) by the BS. Thus, the existing beam management procedure for beam application, such as RRC reconfiguration, MAC CE activation, etc., can be replaced with just a confirmation /acknowledgement message from the BS after event triggered beam reporting, which can significantly reduce the latency and signaling overhead for beam application by the wireless device after the UE-initiated/ event-driven beam reporting, while facilitating fast beam switching/ update by the wireless device. On the other hand, if the BS still performs the existing beam application procedure after receiving beam reporting with the reported beam(s), such as transmitting RRC reconfiguration message, MAC CE activation and/or DCI indication for the beam(s) reported in UE-initiated/event-driven beam reporting, it may result in both higher signaling overhead and significantly larger latency.

SUMMARY

[0007] A system of one or more computers can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of having software, firmware, hardw are, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation causes or cause the system to perform the actions. One or more computer programs can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of including instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions.

[0008] A first general aspect includes a method which comprises receiving, at a user equipment (UE), configuration parameters, the configuration parameters indicating: one or more reference signals (RSs) for beam measurements; a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; and a threshold value. The method includes receiving, at the UE, a command activating one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states, and transmitting a beam measurement report in response to an event being fulfilled, where the fulfilled event is that a measured quality of at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of an RS associated with an activated TCI state, the activated TCI state being from the one or more TCI states, and where the beam measurement report may include an identifier of the at least one RS. The method further includes receiving, at the UE, a confirmation message or an acknowledgement message for the beam measurement report, then updating, in response to receiving the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message, the one or more TCI states with a first TCI state associated with the at least one RS. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods.

[0009] In accordance w ith a possible embodiment, updating, in response to receiving the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message, the one or more TCI states w ith the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS, may include replacing an activated TCI state from the one or more TCI states by the first TCI state associated w ith the at least one RS. Replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state may include deactivating the activated TCI state and activating the first TCI state. [0010] In accordance with another possible embodiment, updating, in response to receiving the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message, the one or more TCI states with the first TCI state associated w ith the at least one RS, may include replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state with quasi co-located (QCL) RS(s) being the at least one RS, by the first TCI state with QCL RS(s) having QCL source RS being the at least one RS, or by the first TCI state with QCL RS(s) QCLed with the at least one RS. Replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state may include activating the first TCI state with the QCL RS(s) or QCL source RS being the at least one RS.

[0011] In accordance with another possible embodiment, method may include deactivating, in response to receiving the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message, the activated TCI state.

[0012] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the command activating the one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states may include a medium access control -control element (MAC-CE).

[0013] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message further may include one or more TCI state indications. [0014] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the RS associated with the activated TCI state is an RS associated with an activated TCI state w ith a worst quality. [0015] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the configuration parameters, the command activating one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states, and the confirmation message or acknowledgement message are received from a network element. The network element may be at least one base station.

[0016] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the RS associated with the activated TCI state may include at least one of: the RS being a QCL RS of the activated TCI state, the RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the activated TCI state, or the RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the activated TCI state. [0017] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the confirmation message or the acknowledgment message does not include an instruction to switch TCI states.

[0018] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the fulfilled event that the measured quality of the at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of the RS associated with the activated TCI state may include that a difference between a first physical layer (Li) reference signal received pow er (Lt-RSRP) value of the at least one RS and a second Li-RSRP value of the RS associated with the activated TCI state is larger than the threshold value.

[0019] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the confirmation message or the acknowledgment message may include at least one of: a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) scrambled by a beam confirmation radio network temporary' identifier (RNTI) (BC-RNTI); a new data indicator (NDI) included in an uplink grant carried by a PDCCH; a PDCCH within a first search space; a MAC CE; an acknowledgment (ACK); or PDCCH carried by a search space being different from the first search space.

[0020] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the RS associated with the activated TCI state may include the RS being a QCL RS of the activated TCI state, or the RS being a QCL source RS for the QCL RS of the activated TCI state.

[0021] In accordance with another possible embodiment, transmitting the beam measurement report may include transmitting, in response to the event being fulfilled and via a first uplink (UL) channel, an indication for a second UL channel for reporting the beam measurement report.

[0022] A second possible aspect includes a method, comprising receiving, at a user equipment (UE), configuration parameters, the configuration parameters indicating: one or more reference signals (RSs) for beam measurements; a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; a time offset value; and a threshold value. The method further includes determining, based on an event evaluation for an event, that the event is fulfilled, where the fulfilled event is that a measured quality of at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of an RS associated with a TCI state from the plurality of TCI states; and transmitting, in response to the event being fulfilled and via a first uplink (UL) channel, an indication for a second UL channel for reporting a beam measurement report. The method includes transmitting, after the time offset value starting from an end of the first UL channel and via the second UL channel, the beam measurement report may include an identifier of the at least one RS. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods. [0023] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the indication for the second UL channel may include an indication of w hether the second UL channel is transmitted.

[0024] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the first UL channel is a physical UL control channel (PUCCH), and the second UL channel is a physical UL shared channel (PUSCH).

[0025] In accordance with another possible embodiment, transmitting the indication via the first UL channel may include transmitting an uplink control information (UCI) via the first UL channel, where the UCI may include a bitmap. A bit of the bitmap is associated with at least one of: an OFDMA symbol; a slot; a physical resource block (PRB); a sub-frame; an occasion; or a mini slot. The bit of the bitmap indicates that uplink resources of the second UL channel are used in response to the bit being set to a first val ue; or uplink resources of the second UL channel are unused in response to the bit being set to a second value. The uplink resources of the second UL channel may include at least one of: a buffer status or a buffer size for the beam measurement report; one or more OFDMA symbols; one or more slots; one or more PRBs; one or more sub-frames; one or more transmission occasions; or one or more mini slots.

[0026] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the beam measurement report further may include one or more of: L1-RSRP values for the one or more RSs; Li signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (L1-SINR) values for the one or more RSs; one or more RS indexes or identifiers corresponding to one or more of the L1-RSRP values or the Lt-SINR values; one or more identifiers or indexes of one or more candidate beams or new TCI states; or one or more L1-RSRP values or Lt-SINR values of the one or more candidate beams or the new TCI states.

[0027] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the one or more RSs are from a first RS set. The configuration parameters indicate a plurality of RS sets, and the plurality of RS sets may include the first RS set.

[0028] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the identifier may include a synchronization signal block resource indicator (SSBRI) or a channel state information RS resource indicator (CRI).

[0029] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the configuration parameters are received by the UE in one or more messages. The one or more messages may include one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages.

[0030] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS may include at least one of: the at least one RS being a QCL RS of the first TCI state, the at least one RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the first TCI state, or the at least one RS being QCLed w ith the QCL RS of the first TCI state.

[0031] In accordance w ith another possible embodiment, the time offset value may include at least one of: one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) symbols; one or more slots; one or more mini slots; or one or more subframes. [0032] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the RS associated w ith the TCI state may include at least one of: the RS being a quasi co-located (QCL) RS of the TCI state, the RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the TCI state, or the RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the TCI state.

[0033] Implementations of the described techniques may include hardw are, a method or process, or computer software on a computer-accessible medium. [0034] It should be understood that one or more of the various possible embodiments recited above with respect to the first and/or second general aspects may be combined together with the limitations of the first and/ or second general aspects, to the extent various limitations are not mutually exclusive.

[0035] A third possible general aspect includes a method, comprising transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), configuration parameters, the configuration parameters indicating: one or more reference signals (RSS) for beam measurements; a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; and a threshold value. The method further includes transmitting, to the UE, a command activating one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states, and recehing, at a netw ork element, a beam measurement report in response to an event being fulfilled, w here the fulfilled event is that a measured quality of at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of an RS associated with an activated TCI state, the activated TCI state being from the one or more TCI states, and where the beam measurement report may include an identifier of the at least one RS. The method further includes transmitting, to the UE, a confirmation message or an acknowledgment message for the beam measurement report, and updating the one or more TCI states with a first TCI state associated with the at least one RS. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods.

[0036] In accordance with a possible embodiment, updating the one or more TCI states with the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS, may include replacing an activated TCI state from the one or more TCI states by the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS. Replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state may include deactivating the activated TCI state and activating the first TCI state. [0037] In accordance w ith another possible embodiment, updating the one or more TCI states w ith the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS may include replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state with quasi co-located (QCL) RS(s) being the at least one RS, by the first TCI state with QCL RS(s) having QCL source RS being the at least one RS, or by the first TCI state with QCL RS(s) QCLed with the at least one RS. Replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state may include activating the first TCI state with the QCL RS(s) or QCL source RS being the at least one RS.

[0038] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the method may further comprise deactivating the activated TCI state.

[0039] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the command activating the one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states may include a medium access control -control element (MAC-CE).

[0040] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message further may include one or more TCI state indications. [00 1] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the RS associated with the activated TCI state is an RS associated with an activated TCI state with a worst quality. [0042] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the configuration parameters, the command activating one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states, and the confirmation message or acknowledgement message are transmitted from a network element. The network element may be at least one base station.

[0043] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the RS associated with the activated TCI state may include at least one of: the RS being a QCL RS of the activated TCI state, the RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the activated TCI state, or the RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the activated TCI state.

[0044] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS may include at least one of: the at least one RS being a QCL RS of the first TCI state, the at least one RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the first TCI state, or the at least one RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the first TCI state.

[0045] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the confirmation message or the acknowledgment message does not include an instruction to switch TCI states.

[0046] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the fulfilled event that the measured quality of the at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of the RS associated with the activated TCI state may include that a difference between a first physical layer (It) reference signal received power (Lt-RSRP) value of the at least one RS and a second L1-RSRP value of the RS associated with the activated TCI state is larger than the threshold value. [0047] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the confirmation message or the acknowledgment message may include at least one of: a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) scrambled by a beam confirmation radio network tempo ran identifier (RNTI) (BC-RNTI); a new data indicator (NDI) included in an uplink grant carried by a PDCCH; a PDCCH within a first search space; a MAC CE; an acknowledgment (ACK); or PDCCH carried by a search space being different from the first search space.

[0048] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the RS associated with the activated TCI state may include the RS being a QCL RS of the activated TCI state, or the RS being a QCL source RS for the QCL RS of the activated TCI state.

[0049] In accordance with another possible embodiment, receiving the beam measurement report may include receiving, in response to the event being fulfilled and via a first uplink (UL) channel, an indication for a second UL channel for reporting the beam measurement report.

[0050] A fourth possible general aspect includes a method, comprising transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), configuration parameters, the configuration parameters indicating: one or more reference signals (RSs) for beam measurements; a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; a time offset value; and a threshold value. The method further includes receiving, in response to an event being fulfilled and via a first uplink (UL) channel, an indication for a second UL channel for reporting a beam measurement report, where the fulfilled event is that a measured quality of at least one RS of the one or more RSS becomes at least the threshold value better than that of an RS associated with a TCI state from the plurality of TCI states. The method also includes receiving, after the time offset value starting from an end of the first UL channel and via the second UL channel, the beam measurement report may include an identifier of the at least one RS. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods.

[0051] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the beam measurement report further may include one or more of: L1-RSRP values for the one or more RSs; Li- SINR values for the one or more RSs; one or more RS indexes or identifiers corresponding to one or more of the Lt-RSRP values or the Lt-SINR values; one or more identifiers or indexes of one or more candidate beams or new TCI states; or one or more Lt-RSRP values or Lt-SINR values of the one or more candidate beams or the new TCI states.

[0052] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the one or more RSs are from a first RS set. The configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of RS sets, and the plurality of RS sets comprise the first RS set. [0053] In accordance w ith another possible embodiment, the identifier may include a synchronization signal block resource indicator (SSBRI) or a channel state information RS resource indicator (CRI).

[0054] In accordance w ith another possible embodiment, the configuration parameters are received by the UE in one or more messages. The one or more messages may comprise one or more RRC messages.

[0055] In accordance with another possible embodiment, in a method the time offset value may include at least one of: one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) symbols; one or more slots; one or more mini slots; or one or more subframes.

[0056] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the RS associated with the TCI state may include at least one of: the RS being a quasi co-located (QCL) RS of the TCI state, the RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the TCI state, or the RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the TCI state.

[0057] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the indication for the second UL channel may include an indication of whether the second UL channel is transmitted.

[0058] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the first UL channel is a physical UL control channel (PUCCH), and the second UL channel is a physical UL shared channel (PUSCH).

[0059] In accordance with another possible embodiment, receiving the indication via the first UL channel may include receiving an uplink control information (UCI) via the first UL channel, where the UCI may include a bitmap. A bit of the bitmap may be associated with at least one of: an OFDMA symbol a slot; a physical resource block (PRB); a sub-frame; an occasion; or a mini slot.

[0060] In accordance with another possible embodiment, a bit of the bitmap may indicate that: uplink resources of the second UL channel are used in response to the bit being set to a first value; or uplink resources of the second UL channel are unused in response to the bit being set to a second value. The uplink resources of the second UL channel may comprise at least one of: a buffer status or a buffer size for the beam measurement report; one or more OFDMA symbols; one or more slots; one or more PRBs; one or more sub-frames; one or more transmission occasions; or one or more mini slots.

[0061] It should be understood that one or more of the various possible embodiments recited above with respect to the third and/or fourth general aspects may be combined together with the limitations of the third and/or fourth general aspects, to the extent various limitations are not mutually exclusive. [0062] According to a fifth general aspect, a user equipment (UE) may include one or more processors and a non-transitory storage coupled to the one or more processors, where the storage contains instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the UE to perform any or all of the limitations set forth above for the first and/or second general aspects, as well as any or all of the limitations of the various possible embodiments from the first and/or second general aspects. While a UE is specifically recited, it should be understood that the first and/ or second general aspects and associated possible embodiments may be executed on any suitable terminal device. [0063] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the first and/ or second general aspects as well as any or all of the limitations of the various associated possible embodiments may be implemented using software, which may be implemented as instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium, to be executed by one or more processors as part of an apparatus, including a UE or another terminal device.

[0064] According to a sixth general aspect, a network element may include one or more processors and a non-transitory storage coupled to the one or more processors, where the storage contains instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause network element to perform any or all of the limitations set forth above for the third and/or fourth general aspects, as well as any or all of the limitations of the various possible embodiments from the third and/or fourth general aspects. While a network element is specifically recited, it should be understood that the third and/or fourth general aspects and associated possible embodiments may be executed on any suitable network element or device, such as one or more base stations, all or part of a base station (such as a central unit and/or distributed unit), a relay node, or another suitable wireless network device.

[0065] In accordance with another possible embodiment, the third and/or fourth general aspects as well as any or all of the limitations of the various associated possible embodiments may be implemented using software, which may be implemented as instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium, to be executed by one or more processors as part of an apparatus, including a network element or device, such as one or more base stations, all or part of a base station (such as a central unit and/or distributed unit), a relay node, or another suitable wireless network device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0066] For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: [0067] FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for a procedure of beam management based on UE triggered events.

[0068] FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for a procedure of beam management based on UE triggered events.

[0069] FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for a procedure of beam management based on UE triggered events.

[0070] FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for a procedure of beam management based on UE triggered events.

[0071] FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for payload size indication by bitmap for a first UL channel.

[0072] FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for payload size indication by a first signal for a first UL channel.

[0073] FIG. 7 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for used/unused resources indication by bitmap for a first UL channel.

[0074] FIG. 8 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for used/ unused resources indication by a first signal for a first UL channel.

[0075] FIG. 9 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for a procedure of beam management based on UE triggered events.

[0076] FIG. 10 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for a procedure of activation or update for TCI state(s).

[0077] FIG. 11 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for a procedure of activation or update for TCI state(s).

[0078] FIG. 12 illustrates an example communications system in which some embodiments may be implemented.

[0079] FIG. 13 illustrates a diagram of an example communications system in which embodiments described herein may be implemented.

[0080] FIG. 14A and 14B illustrate example devices that may implement some embodiments described herein.

[0081] FIG. 15 illustrates a diagram of a computing system that may be used for implementing some embodiments disclosed herein.

[0082] Corresponding numerals and symbols in the different figures generally refer to corresponding parts unless otherwise indicated. The figures are drawn to clearly illustrate the relevant aspects of the embodiments and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

[0083] The making and using of embodiments of this disclosure are discussed in detail below. It should be appreciated, however, that the concepts disclosed herein can be embodied in a w ide variety of specific contexts, and that the specific embodiments discussed herein are merely illustrative and do not serve to limit the scope of the claims. Further, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein w ithout departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[0084] The following example embodiments in this disclosure can be combined or split to generate one or more new embodiments. All the procedures, elements, terms, behaviors, and/or the like described in an embodiment can be applied to (or combined with) one or more other embodiments to become one or more new embodiments.

[0085] FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for a beam management procedure based on UE triggered events. A wireless device (e.g., UE) may receive one or more messages, such as radio resource control (RRC) messages as described here, from a network, which may include one or more base stations (BSs) (e.g., gNB or network controller). The messages may be sent from at least one base station and/or from another one or more network components; for convenience, the messages in this example may be sent by a base station. The one or more RRC messages may comprise one or more configuration parameters indicating one or more reference signals (RSs). The wireless device (e.g., UE) may receive 102 (e.g., at time To) the one or more RSs from the base station (BS). Each RS of the one or more RSs may be transmitted on a beam, and for convenience a RS may be occasionally referred to as a beam. The one or more RSs may comprise one or more channel state information RSs (CSI-RSs), and/or one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs). The wireless device may perform beam measurements based on the one or more RSs. The one or more RSs may be transmitted on one or more current beams, and/ or one or more new (candidate) beams. The beam measurement may comprise physical layer (Li) measurement(s). The wireless device may perform the physical layer (Li) measurement(s) based on the one or more RSs.

[0086] The physical layer (Li) measurement(s) may comprise a Li reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measurement, and/or a Li signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (Li-SINR) measurement. The wireless device may perform event detection or event evaluation based on the beam measurements. In response to the event being detected by the wireless device (e.g., certain conditions being fulfilled), the wireless device may transmit 104 (e.g., at time Ti) a (Lt) beam measurement report to the base station. In an example, the event may mean (or indicate) that one or more new (candidate) beams (or new TCI states), with better beam quality than a currently used beam or an active TCI state, are detected by the wireless device. The beam measurement report may include the beam measurements performed by the wireless device. The (Li) beam measurement report may comprise at least one of: one or more L1-RSRP values/Li-SINR values for the one or more RSs; one or more RS indexes/ resources corresponding to the one or more Lt-RSRP values/Li-SINR values; one or more identifiers (or indexes) of the one or more new (candidate) beams (or the new TCI states); or one or more Lt-RSRP values/Li-SINR values of the one or more new (candidate) beams (or the new TCI states).

[0087] In an example, the base station may determine that the one or more new (candidate) beams (or new TCI states) indicated by the (Li) beam measurement report is not in the original or existing configured TCI state pool. The base station may transmit 106 (e.g., at timeT2) one or more radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration messages to the w ireless device. The one or more RRC reconfiguration messages may comprise configuration parameters indicating an update for the configured TCI state pool based on new (candidate) beams (or new TCI states) indicated by the (Li) beam measurement report, which may result in a latency of about 10ms or even more. In an example, the one or more new (candidate) beams (or new TCI states) may not be in the active TCI state list for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). The base station may transmit 108 (e.g., at time T3), to the wireless device, a TCI state activation command activating the one or more new (candidate) beams (or new TCI states). In an example, the TCI state activation command may comprise a medium access control control element (MAC CE). The MAC CE may activate one or more TCI states of the TCI state pool configured/indicated by the RRC reconfiguration message. The one or more TCI states may comprise the one or more new (candidate) beams (or new TCI states). The wireless device may transmit 110 (e.g., at time T4) an acknowledgement (ACK) to the base station in response to receiving the MAC CE for activation of the one or more TCI states.

[0088] In an example, the wireless device may perform a synchronization procedure (e.g., frequency synchronization and/ or timing synchronization) based on RS(s) associated with the one or more new (candidate) beams (or new TCI states). Additional latency due to waiting for the first (1st) SSB transmission 112 (e.g., at time T5 for synchronization procedure) after the MAC CE (TCI state activation or deactivation command) may be needed for the wireless device. The additional latency may depend on the periodicity period of the SSB transmission with a typical value of 20ms or even more, which significantly prolongs the beam application time for the wireless device. After that, the wireless device may apply the one or more new (candidate) beams (or new TCI states). For example, the wireless device may activate the one or more new (candidate) beams (or new TCI states) for uplink transmission and/or downlink reception (e.g., during time from T5 to T6). For example, the wireless device may switch/update beam(s) to the one or more new (candidate) beams (or new TCI states) for uplink transmission and/or downlink reception (e.g., during time from T5 to T6). [0089] In existing technologies, after UE-initiated/event-driven beam reporting, the w ireless device (or UE) may still perform the existing beam management procedure to apply the one or more new (candidate) beams (or new TCI states), such as receiving RRC reconfiguration, MAC CE activation, and/or DCI indication, etc., which significantly prolongs the beam application time of the wireless device after the UE-initiated/event- driven beam reporting and has few, if any, benefits for the second part of latency reduction from the existing beam management procedure. However, if a base station or other network element(s) can directly confirm/ acknowledge the reported beam(s) (e.g., the one or more new (candidate) beams (or new TCI states)) indicated by UE- initiated/event-driven beam reporting, a significant latency and signaling overhead reduction on the second part can be obtained by the wireless device via UE- initiated/event-driven beam reporting. That is, the wireless device can immediately apply the reported beam(s) (e.g., the one or more new (candidate) beams (or new TCI states)), indicated by the UE-initiated/ even L-d riven beam reporting, after confirmation/ acknowledgement by the base station.

[0090] It should be understood that while, in some implementations, the messages and beam reporting may be exchanged between a UE and one base station, in other implementations multiple base stations may be involved, with different base stations sending different messages, as the needs of a given network and associated implementation may require. For example, a first base station may configure the RSs associated with one or more beams, while a second base station may receive the beam report. In still other implementations, the UE may exchange one or more messages in the beam reporting and management process with one or more network elements, other than a base station, of the network with which the UE communicates. Herein, when communication with a base station is mentioned, it should be understood that this communication may involve a plurality of base stations, a mix of one or more base stations and one or more other network components, or one or more other network components.

[0091] Thus, the existing beam management procedure for beam application, such as RRC reconfiguration, MAC CE activation, etc., can be replaced with just a confirmation/acknowledgement message from the base station after the event triggered beam reporting, which can significantly reduce latency and signaling overhead for beam application by the wireless device after the UE-initiated/event-driven beam reporting, meanwhile, facilitating fast beam (or TCI state) switching, beam (or TCI state) update, and/or beam (or TCI state) activation by the wireless device. On the other hand, if the base station and the wireless device still perform the existing beam application procedure after receiving beam (measurement) reporting with the reported beam(s), such as transmitting RRC reconfiguration message, MAC CE activation and/or DCI indication for thebeam(s) reported in UE-initiated/event-driven beam reporting, it may result in both higher signaling overhead and larger latency. Therefore, from both a signaling overhead and latency perspective, there is a need to enhance the existing beam application procedure (e.g., beam switching, beam update and/or beam activation), including transmitting a RRC reconfiguration message, MAC CE activation and/or DCI indication. One way of potential enhancement is to use direct confirmation/ acknowledgement from the base station for the reported beam(s) (e.g., the one or more new (candidate) beams (or new TCI states)) indicated by the UE-initiated/event-driven beam (measurement) reporting.

[0092] More generally, the number of messages sent from base station(s) between the transmission of the beam report and the transition to new beams/TCI states can be reduced. For example, instead of multiple messages to transition to new beams or TCI states, a transition may be possible with only a single message. In some embodiments, the confirmation/acknowledgment of the beam report may be sufficient to cause the transition without needing to send additional detail message(s) or command(s) explaining the change (such as the new beam/TCI state activated, the old beam/TCI state deactivated, etc.), for example because those details are already understood by base station and UE from the beam report.

[0093] FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for a procedure of beam management based on UE triggered events. A wireless device (e.g., UE) may receive one or more RRC messages from a BS (e.g., gNB or network controller). The one or more RRC messages may comprise one or more configuration parameters indicating one or more RSs. The wireless device may receive 202 (e.g., at time To) the one or more RSs from the base station (BS). Each RS of the one or more RSs may be referred to as a beam. The one or more RSs may comprise one or more CSI-RSs, and/or one or more SSBs. The wireless device may perform beam measurements based on the one or more RSs. The one or more RSs may comprise one or more current beams, and/or one or more new (candidate) beams. The beam measurement may comprise physical layer (Lt) measurement(s). The wireless device may perform the physical layer (Li) measurement(s) based on the one or more RSs. The physical layer (Lt) measurement(s) may comprise a L1-RSRP measurement, and/or a Lt-SINR measurement. The wireless device may perform event detection or event evaluation based on the beam measurements.

[0094] In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a list of up to M TCI-State configurations within the higher layer parameter PDSCH-Config to decode PDSCH according to a detected PDCCH with DCI intended for the wireless deuce and the given serving cell, where M depends on the UE capability (e.g., maxNumberConfiguredTCIstatesPerCC). Each TCI-State may contain parameters for configuring a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship between one or two downlink RSs and the demodulation RS (DM-RS) ports of the PDSCH, the DM-RS port of PDCCH or the CSI-RS port(s) of a CSI-RS resource. The QCL relationship is configured by the higher layer RRC parameter qcl-Typet for a first DL RS, and qcl-Type2 for a second DL RS (if configured). For the case of two DL RSs, the QCL types may not be the same, regardless of whether the references are to the same DL RS or different DL RSs. The QCL types corresponding to each DL RS are given by the higher layer parameter qcl-Type in QCL- Info and may take one of the following values:

[0095] - 'typeA': {Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread}

[0096] - 'typeB': {Doppler shift, Doppler spread}

[0097] - 'typeC: {Doppler shift, average delay}

[0098] - 'typeD': {Spatial Rx parameter}

[0099] In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a list of up to 128 TCI-State configurations, within the higher layer RRC parameter dl- OrJointTCI-StateList in PDSCH-Config. These TCI-State configurations may be used to provide QCL reference signal(s) for DM-RS of PDSCH and DM-RS of PDCCH in a bandwidth part (BWP)/component carrier (CC), for CSI-RS, and to provide a reference, if applicable, for determining UL TX spatial filter for dynamic-grant and configured- grant based physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource in a BWP/CC, and sounding RS (SRS). For convenience, herein a TCI state may be referred to as a downlink beam and/or an uplink beam, as the TCI state can be used to indicate a beam. Each QCL RS associated with a TCI state may also be referred to herein as a downlink beam and/or an uplink beam for convenience, as the QCL RS is carried on a beam.

[0100] In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of first TCI states. In an example, the base station may transmit, to the wireless device, a MAC CE activating a plurality of second TCI states from the plurality of first TCI states. The base station may transmit, to the wireless device, a downlink control information (DCI) indicating a first TCI state from the plurality of second TCI states. The first TCI state (or the QCL RS of the first TCI state) may be referred to as a current beam used for the current downlink receptions and/or uplink transmissions by the wireless device. The current beam may be a beam used by the wireless device for the current downlink receptions and/or current uplink transmissions. In an example, the event may be that the quality of at least one new beam, such as Li-RSRP, becomes a first threshold value better than a first RS derived from the activated TCI state with the worst quality. For example, the event may be that the difference between a first Lt-RSRP value of at least one new beam and a second Lt-RSRP value of the first RS derived from the activated TCI state with the worst quality is larger than the first threshold value. The difference may be the first Lt-RSRP value of at least one new beam minus the second Li- RSRP value of a first RS derived from the activated TCI state with the w orst quality. The first RS may be at least one of the QCL RSs associated with the activated TCI state with the worst quality from the plurality of second TCI states activated by the MAC CE. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate the first threshold value, and the threshold value may be greater than zero.

[0101] In an example, the event detection or event evaluation may comprise determining, by the wireless device, whether the quality of at least one new- beam, such as a Lt-RSRP value, becomes the first threshold value better than the first RS associated with the activated TCI state with the worst quality from the plurality of second TCI states. The at least one new beam may be one or more beams from a first RS set. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate the first RS set. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of RS sets. The base station may transmit, to the wireless device, a MAC CE activating the first RS set from the plurality of RS sets. In an example, the RS(s) for new beam(s) may be implicitly derived from QCL RS(s) of configured TCI state(s). For example, each RS of the first RS set may be one of the QCL RSs of the plurality of first TCI states. The RSs of the first RS set may be different (or may have different identifiers/indexes) from the QCL RSs of the plurality of second TCI states. In response to the event being detected (or being fulfilled) by the wireless device (e.g., the quality of at least one new beam from the first RS set, such as Lt-RSRP, becomes the first threshold value better than the first RS derived from (or associated with) the activated TCI state with the worst quality (e.g., with lowest Li- RSRP value)), the wireless device may transmit 204 (e.g., at time Ti) a (Li) beam (measurement) report to the base station. The at least one new beam may be referred to as a second RS from the first RS set.

[0102] In an example, the detection of the event by the wireless device may comprise that the wireless device increments a counter by one and starts (or restarts) a timer in response to detecting an instance that the quality of at least one new⁷ beam from the first RS set, such as Lt-RSRP, becomes the first threshold value better than the first RS derived from (or associated with) the activated TCI state w ith the worst quality (e.g., with lowest Lt-RSRP value) before the timer expires. The wireless device may determine the event being fulfilled (or being detected) in response to a value of the counter being equal to or greater than a threshold value before the timer expires. The wireless device may reset the counter to zero in response to the value of the counter being less than the threshold value and the timer expiring. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate the counter, the timer, and/or the threshold value. The RS associated with a TCI state may be the QCL RS of the TCI state or may be a QCL source RS for the QCL RS of the TCI state. More generally, an event such as the quality for a new beam measured to be a threshold value better than an old beam can be required to happen a threshold number of times within a set time period before the report is transmitted.

[0103] More specific events are possible, such as the old beam being a worst beam, or the time period being measured by a timer, etc. For example, in some embodiments “worst” could be used to describe multiple activated TCI states corresponding to existing beams, in comparison with a quality of a new beam. In other words, the activated TCI state corresponding to the “best” existing beam can be considered the “last worst” existing beam. In some embodiments, the “best”, e.g., “last worst” beam maybe replaced if a quality of a new beam is a threshold better than the “last worst” or “best” beam. [0104] The (Lt) beam (measurement) report may comprise (or indicate) one or more of: 1) an identifier or index of the at least one new beam (or second RS); 2) an Li- RSRP value/Li-SINR value corresponding to the at least one new beam (or second RS);

3) an identifier or index of a TCI state associated with (or with QCL RS(s) being) the at least one new beam (or second RS); 4) an identifier or index of the activated TCI state with the worst quality or quality below a predetermined threshold; 5) an Li-RSRP value/Li-SINR value corresponding to the QCL RS(s) associated with the activated TCI state with the worst quality or quality below a predetermined threshold; or 6) an identifier of the event. Items 1) to 3) comprise information about a new beam (or second RS) which may be selected for use, and items 4) and 5) comprise information about a beam with a quality below a predetermine threshold (comprising a worst quality), which may be switched from in favor of the new beam (or second RS). It should further be understood that, in various embodiments, the (Li) beam (measurement) report may comprise at least one piece of information from items 1) to 3), and at least one piece of information from items 4) or 5). In some embodiments, the (Li) beam (measurement) report may also comprise information from item 6).

[0105] In an example, the wireless device may start (or restart) a prohibit timer after transmission (or from the end of the transmission) of the (Li) beam (measurement) report. Before the prohibit timer expires, the wireless device may not be allowed to transmit the (same) (Lt) beam (measurement) report triggered by the event. After the prohibit timer expires, the wireless device may transmit a (Li) beam (measurement) report triggered based on the event detected by the wireless device (e.g., the wireless device may perform the event detection (again) and the event is fulfilled after the prohibit timer expires). [o io6] The wireless device may receive 206 (e.g., at time T2) a confirmation message or acknowledgment message for the (Lt) beam (measurement) report from the base station. A confirmation message, in some embodiments, may comprise confirmation of one or more aspects of the (Li) beam (measurement) report, such as that a new beam has a better quality than an activated TCI state with a worst quality, or that the activated TCI state has a quality below a predetermined threshold, and/ or confirming some other aspect of the (Li) beam (measurement) report. An acknowledgement message, in some embodiments, may acknowledge receipt of the (Li) beam (measurement) report or some other aspects of the (Li) beam (measurement) report. [0107] In either case, regardless of whether a confirmation message or an acknowledgment message, in response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may apply (e.g., duration from time T2 to T3) the at least one new beam. For example, in response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may replace the activated TCI state with the worst quality by the at least one new beam. For example, in response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may replace the activated TCI state with the worst quality by a TCI state with QCL RS(s) being the second RS. For example, in response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may deactivate the activated TCI state with the worst quality. For example, in response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may activate the TCI state with QCL RS(s) being the second RS. For example, in response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may activate the at least one new beam.

[0108] In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a time offset value. The wireless device may activate the TCI state with QCL RS(s) being the second RS after the time offset value starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. The wireless device may activate the at least one new beam after the time offset value starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. In another example, the one or more configuration parameters may not include or signal a time offset value. In such an example, the wireless device may activate the TCI state with QCL RS(s) being the second RS, or may activate the at least one new beam, after a standardized, predetermined, or otherwise previously established or agreed-upon time offset. [0109] In an example, the activated TCI state w ith the worst quality may be the current beam for the wireless device and/ or the base station. In response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may switch the current beam to a second TCI state of the plurality of second TCI states. In an example, the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) may indicate the second TCI state. In an example, the wireless device may receive, from the base station, a MAC CE and/or DCI indicating the second TCI state. In an example, the second TCI state may be a default TCI state indicated by the one or more configuration parameters. In an example, the second TCI state may be a TCI state with a lowest TCI state index (or identifier) of the plurality of second TCI states. In an example, the second TCI state may be a TCI state with a highest TCI state index (or identifier) of the plurality of second TCI states. The second TCI state may be the new current beam for the wireless device and/or the base station. The wireless device may deactivate the activated TCI state with the worst quality (e.g., after the wireless device switches the current beam to the second TCI state). The wireless device may activate the TCI state with QCL RS(s) being the second RS. The wireless device may activate the at least one new beam. The wireless device may activate the TCI state with QCL RS(s) being the second RS after the time offset value (either signaled or pre-determined or pre-agreed) starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. The wireless device may activate the at least one new beam after the time offset value starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station.

[otto] In an example, the at least one new beam (or second RS) may comprise multiple beams (or multiple second RSs). The (Li) beam (measurement) report may comprise (or indicate) one or more of: one or more identifiers (or indexes) of one or more of the multiple beams (or multiple second RSs); one or more L1-RSRP values/Li- SINR values corresponding to one or more of the multiple beams (or multiple second RSs); one or more identifiers (or indexes) of one or more TCI states associated with (or with QCL RS(s) being) one or more of the multiple beams (or multiple second RSs); an identifier or index of the activated TCI state with the worst quality; an L1-RSRP value/Li-SINR value corresponding to the QCL RS(s) associated with the activated TCI state with the worst quality; or an identifier of the event. In an example, the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station may indicate a third beam from the multiple beams (or a third RS from multiple second RSs). In response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may replace the activated TCI state with the worst quality by the third beam (or a third TCI state with QCL RS(s) being the third RS). [o ill] For example, in response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may deactivate the activated TCI state with the worst quality. For example, in response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may activate the third beam. The wireless device may activate the third beam after the time offset value starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. For example, in response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may activate the third TCI state. The wireless device may activate the third TCI state after the time offset value starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. In an example, the plurality of first TCI states may comprise the one or more TCI states. In an example, the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station may indicate a fourth TCI state from the one or more TCI states associated with (or with QCL RS(s) being) one or more of the multiple beams (or multiple second RSs).

[0112] In response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may replace the activated TCI state with the worst quality by the fourth TCI state. For example, in response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may deactivate the activated TCI state with the worst quality. For example, in response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may activate the fourth TCI state. The wireless device may activate the fourth TCI state after the time offset value (either signaled, predetermined, standardized, or otherwise agreed upon without signaling) starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. The activation of the fourth TCI state may comprise that UE performs synchronization (e.g., frequency synchronization and/or timing synchronization) based on the QCL RS(s) associated with the fourth TCI state (or a source SSB corresponding to the QCL RS(s) associated with the fourth TCI state).

[0113] The confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station may comprise at least one of: a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) scrambled by a beam confirmation radio network temporaiy identifier (RNTI) (BC- RNTI); a new data indicator (NDI) included in an uplink grant carried by a PDCCH; a PDCCH -within a first search space; a MAC CE; an ACK; or PDCCH carried by a search space being different from the first search space. The first search space may be a dedicated search space only used for transmission of a PDCCH indicating/for confirmation/acknowledgement of the (Li) beam (measurement) report by UE. The confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) may indicate one or more RSs from multiple reported RSs indicated by the measurement report. The confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) may optionally not include a separate instruction beyond the other information/instructions in the message, which TCI states are switched, nor other details about the switch of TCI states, such as timing, start time of the switch of TCI states, measured signal quality, etc.

[0114] In an example, the event detection or event evaluation may comprise determining, by the wireless device, whether the quality of the at least one new beam (or second RS), such as Li-RSRP value, becomes the first threshold value better than the current beam. The at least one new' beam may be one or more beams from the first RS set. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate the first RS set. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of RS sets. The base station may transmit, to the wireless device, a MAC CE activating the first RS set from the plurality of RS sets. In an example, the RS(s) for new beam(s) may be implicitly derived from QCL RS(s) of configured TCI state(s). In an example, the RS(s) for the new beam(s) may be QCL RS(s) of configured TCI state(s). For example, each RS of the first RS set may be one of the QCL RSs of the plurality of first TCI states. In an example, the RS(s) for the new- beam(s) may be implicitly derived from QCL RS(s) of activated TCI state(s). In an example, the RS(s) for new beam(s) may be QCL RS(s) of activated TCI state(s). For example, each RS of the first RS set may be one of the QCL RSs of the plurality of second TCI states. The current beam may be a TCI state (or a QCL RS of a TCI state), from the plurality of second TCI states, used by the wireless device for current downlink receptions and/ or uplink transmissions.

[0115] The wireless device may receive a downlink control information (DO) indicating the TCI state from the plurality of second TCI states. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate the current beam. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a third RS set comprising the current beam. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of third RS sets. The wireless device may receive a MAC CE activating the third RS set from the plurality of third RS sets. The current beam may be a CSI-RS or an SSB. An RS corresponding to the current beam may be an RS (e.g., SSB) that is the QCL source of the RS (e.g., CSI-RS) in the QCL-info in an indicated TCI state (e.g., the TCI state indicated by DCI). The downlink receptions may comprise at least one of: downlink receptions of transport block(s) via PDSCH; downlink receptions of DCI via PDCCH; downlink receptions of CSI-RSs; or downlink receptions of demodulation RSs (DM-RS). The uplink transmissions may comprise at least one of: uplink transmissions of transport block(s) via PUSCH; uplink transmissions of uplink control information (UCI) via PUCCH; uplink transmissions of sounding RSs (SRSs); uplink transmissions of preambles via PRACH; or uplink transmissions of DM-RS.

[0116] The (Lt) beam (measurement) report may comprise (or indicate) one or more of: one or more identifiers (or indexes) of one or more of the at least one new beam (or second RS); one or more Lt-RSRP values/Li-SINR values corresponding to one or more of the at least one new beam (or second RS); one or more identifiers (or indexes) of one or more TCI states associated with (or w ith QCL RS(s) being) one or more of the at least one new beam (or second RS); an identifier or index of the TCI state corresponding to the current beam; an Lt-RSRP value/Li-SINR value corresponding the current beam; or an identifier of the event. In response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to the at least one new beam (or second RS). The wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to the at least one new beam (or second RS) after the time offset value starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. The time offset value may be signaled as part of the configuration parameters, or may be predetermined, previously agreed upon, or standardized and so not need to be signaled.

[0117] If signaled in the configuration parameters (or by another method or message), the time offset value may comprise at least one of: one or more (OFDMA) symbols; one or more slots; one or more mini slots; or one or more subframes. In response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to the one or more TCI states associated with (or with QCL RS(s) being) one or more of the at least one new beam (or second RS). The wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/ or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to the one or more TCI states associated with (or with QCL RS(s) being) one or more of the at least one new beam (or second RS) after the time offset value starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station.

[0118] In an example, the at least one new beam (or second RS) may comprise multiple beams (or multiple second RSs). The confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station may indicate at least one beam from the multiple beams (or at least one RS from multiple second RSs). In response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to the at least one beam (or the at least one RS). The wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for dowailink receptions and/or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to the at least one beam (or the at least one RS) after the time offset value starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. In response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to at least one TCI state associated with (or with QCL RS(s) being) the at least one beam (or the at least one RS). The wireless device may switch the beam (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to at least one TCI state associated with (or with QCL RS(s) being) the at least one beam (or the at least one RS) after the time offset value (or a predetermined or standardized time offset that is not signaled) starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station.

[0119] FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for a beam management procedure based on UE triggered events. Unless otherwise stated, the steps in FIG. 3 can be the same as embodiments described in relation to FIG. 2. A wireless device (e.g., UE) may receive one or more RRC messages from a BS. The one or more RRC messages may comprise one or more configuration parameters indicating one or more first (1st) RSs. The one or more 1st RSs may be one or more periodic RSs. The wireless device may receive 302 (e.g., at time To) the one or more 1st RSs from the BS. Each RS of the one or more 1st RSs may be referred to as a beam. The one or more 1st RSs may comprise one or more CSI-RSs, and/or one or more SSBs. The wireless device may perform beam measurements based on the one or more 1st RSs. The one or more 1st RSs may be referred to as one or more current beams. The wireless device may perform current downlink receptions from the base station and/or uplink transmissions to the base station based on the one or more current beams. For example, the wireless device may perform current downlink receptions from the base station and/or uplink transmissions to the base station with the same spatial filters used as for receptions and/or transmissions (e.g., based on UE beam correspondence capability) of the one or more 1st RSs. The beam measurement may comprise physical layer (Li) measurement! s). The wireless device may perform the physical layer (Li) measurement(s) based on the one or more 1st RSs. The physical layer (Li) measurement! s) may comprise a Li reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measurement, and/or a Li signal -to- interference-plus-noise ratio (L1-SINR) measurement. The wireless device may perform first (1st) event detection or first (1st) event evaluation based on the beam measurements.

[0120] In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of first TCI states. In an example, the base station may transmit, to the wireless device, a MAC CE activating a plurality of second TCI states from the plurality of first TCI states. The base station may transmit, to the w ireless device, a DCI indicating a first TCI state from the plurality of second TCI states. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate the first TCI state. In an example, the wireless device may receive, from the base station, a MAC CE indicating the first TCI state. The one or more 1st RS(s) may be QCL RS(s) associated with the first TCI state. In an example, the 1st event detection or the 1st event evaluation may comprise determining, by the wireless device, whether the quality of the one or more current beams (or the one or more 1st RSs) is worse than a certain threshold value. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate the certain threshold value. In an example, the quality of the one or more current beams may be a Li-RSRP value. The certain threshold value may be a Li-RSRP value. In an example, the quality of the one or more current beams may be a Li-SINR value. The certain threshold value may be a Li-SINR value. In response to the event being detected (or being fulfilled) by the wireless device (e.g., the quality of the one or more current beams (or the one or more 1st RSs) is worse than the certain threshold value), the wireless device may transmit 304 (e.g., at time Ti) a (Li) beam (measurement) report to the base station.

[0121] In an example, the 1st event detection by the wireless device may comprise that the wireless device increments a counter by one and starts (or restarts) a timer in response to detecting an instance that the quality of the one or more current beams (or the one or more 1st RSs) is worse than the certain threshold value before the timer expires. The wireless device may determine the event being fulfilled (or being detected) in response to a value of the counter being equal to or greater than a threshold value before the timer expires. The wireless device may reset the counter to zero in response to the value of the counter being less than the threshold value and the timer expiring. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate the counter, the timer, and/or the threshold value.

[0122] The (Li) beam (measurement) report may comprise (or indicate) one or more of: one or more identifiers (or indexes) of the one or more current beams (or the one or more 1st RSs); one or more Li-RSRP values/Li-SINR values corresponding to the one or more current beams (or the one or more 1st RSs); one or more identifiers (or indexes) of TCI states associated with (or with QCL RS(s) being) the one or more current beams (or the one or more 1st RSs); or an identifier of the event. In an example, the w ireless device may start (or restart) a prohibit timer after transmission (or from the end of the transmission) of the (Li) beam (measurement) report. Before the prohibit timer expires, the wireless device may not be allowed to transmit the (same) (Li) beam (measurement) report triggered by the event. After the prohibit timer expires, the wireless device may transmit a (Li) beam (measurement) report triggered based on the event detected by the wireless device (e.g., the wireless device may perform the 1st event detection (again) and the 1st event is fulfilled after the prohibit timer expires).

[0123] In response to receiving the (Li) beam (measurement) report, the base station may transmit one or more second RRC messages to the wireless device. The one or more RRC messages may comprise one or more second configuration parameters indicating one or more second (2nd) RSs. In an example, the one or more second (2nd) RSs may be one or more periodic RSs. The base station may transmit, to the wireless device, the one or more periodic RSs with a periodicity and/or a time offset. The one or more second configuration parameters may indicate the periodicity and/or the time offset. In response to receiving the (Li) beam (measurement) report, the base station may transmit, to the wireless device, a MAC CE activating the one or more second (2nd) RSs. In an example, the one or more second (2nd) RSs may be one or more semi- persistent RSs. In response to receiving the (Li) beam (measurement) report, the base station may transmit, to the wireless device, a downlink control information (DCI) triggering (or indicating) the one or more second (2nd) RSs. In an example, the one or more second (2nd) RSs may be one or more aperiodic RSs. For example, the base station may transmit 306, 312 (e.g., at time T2 and T5) the one or more second (2nd) RSs to the wireless device. The wireless device may receive 308 (e.g., at time T3) a confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) for the (Li) beam (measurement) report from the base station.

[0124] For example, the base station may transmit 310 (e.g., at time T4) the one or more first (1st) RSs to the wireless device. In response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may start to perform beam measurement 314 (e.g., L1-RSRP/L1-SINR measurements duration from time T3 to T6) based on the one or more second (2nd) RSs and/or the one or more first (1st) RSs. In response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may start to perform Li beam measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP/L1-SINR measurements duration from time T3 to T6) based on the one or more second (2nd) RSs and/or the one or more first (1st) RSs after the time offset value starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. In an example, the wireless device may perform a second (2nd) event evaluation based on the Li beam measurements. The second (2nd) event evaluation may comprise that the w ireless device determines (or evaluates) whether the quality of at least one new beam, such as Li-RSRP, becomes a threshold value better than the current beam(s). In an example, the one or more second RSs may be the at least one new beam. The one or more first RSs may be the current beam(s).

[0125] FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for a beam management procedure based on UE triggered events. Unless otherwise stated, the steps in FIG. 4 can be the same as embodiments described in relation to FIG. 2. A wireless device (e.g., UE) may receive one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages from a base station (BS) (e.g., gNB or network controller). The one or more RRC messages may comprise one or more configuration parameters indicating one or more reference signals (RSs). The wireless device (e.g., UE) may receive 402 (e.g., at time To) the one or more RSs from the base station (BS). Each RS of the one or more RSs may be referred to as a beam. The one or more RSs may comprise one or more channel state information RSs (CSI-RSs), and/or one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs). The wireless device may perform beam measurements based on the one or more RSs. The one or more RSs may comprise one or more current beams, and/or one or more new (candidate) beams. The beam measurement may comprise physical layer (Li) measurement(s). The wireless device may perform the physical layer (Li) measurement(s) based on the one or more RSs. The physical layer (Li) measurement(s) may comprise a Lt reference signal received power (Lt-RSRP) measurement, and/or a Lt signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (Li- SINR) measurement. The wireless device may perform event detection or event evaluation based on the beam measurements.

[0126] In response to the event being detected (or being fulfilled) by the wireless device, the wireless device may transmit 404 (e.g., at time Ti) a first (1st) uplink (UL) channel (or a first (1st) signal via the 1st UL channel) to the base station. The first (1st) uplink (UL) channel (or the first (1st) signal via the 1st UL channel) may indicate one or more resources used for (or a payload size of) a (Li) beam (measurement) report for (or via) a second (2nd) channel. In an example, the first (1st) uplink (UL) channel (or the first (1st) signal via the 1st UL channel) may indicate a buffer status (e.g., a buffer size) for the (Li) beam (measurement) report for (or via) a second (2nd) channel. The wireless device may transmit 406 (e.g., at time T2), via the one or more resources of the second (2nd) channel, the (Li) beam (measurement) report to the base station. The one or more resources may comprise at least one of: one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) symbols; one or more slots; one or more physical resource blocks (PRBs); one or more sub-frames; one or more occasions; or one or more mini slots. Each occasion may comprise at least one of: one or more OFDMA symbols; a slot; or a mini slot.

[0127] The (Lt) beam (measurement) report may comprise (or indicate) one or more of: one or more identifiers (or indexes) of one or more of the at least one new beam (or second RS); one or more Lt-RSRP values/Li-SINR values corresponding to one or more of the at least one new beam (or second RS); one or more identifiers (or indexes) of one or more TCI states associated with (or w ith QCL RS(s) being) one or more of the at least one new beam (or second RS); an identifier or index of the TCI state corresponding to the current beam; an Lt-RSRP value/Li-SINR value corresponding the current beam; or an identifier of the event. The w ireless device may receive 408 (e.g., at time T3) the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. In response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the w ireless device may apply (e.g., duration from T3 to T4) the at least one new beam for dow nlink receptions and/ or uplink transmissions.

[0128] For example, the wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/ or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to the at least one new beam (or second RS). The wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to the at least one new beam (or second RS) after the time offset value starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. In response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to the one or more TCI states associated with (or with QCL RS(s) being) one or more of the at least one new beam (or second RS). The wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/ or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to the one or more TCI states associated with (or with QCL RS(s) being) one or more of the at least one new beam (or second RS) after the time offset value starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. The first (1st) UL channel may be one of: a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); or a physical random access channel (PRACH). The second (2nd) UL channel may be one of: a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0129] FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for payload size indication by bitmap for a first UL channel. The first (1st) uplink (UL) channel may indicate a payload size of the (Li) beam (measurement) report for the second (2nd) channel. For example, a wireless device may transmit an uplink control information (UCI) via the first (1st) uplink (UL) channel. The UCI may indicate the payload size of the (Li) beam (measurement) report for the second (2nd) channel. The UCI may comprise a bitmap. The bitmap may comprise multiple bits. For example, the bitmap may comprise 3 bits. In an example, the bitmap may indicate index 0 in response to the bitmap being set to 000. The bitmap may indicate index 1 in response to the bitmap being set to 001. The bitmap may indicate index 2 in response to the bitmap being set to 10. The bitmap may indicate index 3 in response to the bitmap being set to 11. The bitmap may indicate index 4 in response to the bitmap being set to too. The bitmap may indicate index 5 in response to the bitmap being set to 101. The bitmap may indicate index 6 in response to the bitmap being set to 110. The bitmap may indicate index 7 in response to the bitmap being set to 111. Each index may be associated w ith (or mapped with) one payload size range. For example, index o may be associated with (or mapped with) payload size range o. Index 1 may be associated ith (or mapped ith) payload size range 1. Index 2 may be associated with (or mapped with) payload size range 2. Index 3 may be associated with (or mapped with) payload size range 3, and/or the like. A payload size range may be a payload size range from a first payload size to a second payload size.

[0130] FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for payload size indication by a first signal for a first UL channel. The first (1st) signal via the 1st UL channel may indicate a payload size of the (Li) beam (measurement) report for a second (2nd) channel. The first (1st) signal via the 1st UL channel may be one of: a scheduling request (SR); a preamble; or a preamble transmitted via a transmission occasion. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of the 1st signals. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of transmission occasions for the first signal. Each of the plurality of the 1st signal may be associated with (or mapping to) a respective payload size range. Each of the plurality of the 1st signals combined with a transmission occasion from the plurality of transmission occasions for the each of the plurality of the 1st signals may be associated with (or mapping to) a respective payload size range. For example, the 1st signal 0 may be associated with (or mapped with) payload size range 0. The 1st signal 1 may be associated with (or mapped with) payload size range 1. The 1st signal 2 may be associated with (or mapped with) payload size range 2. The 1st signal 3 may be associated with (or mapped with) payload size range 3. The 1st signal 4 may be associated with (or mapped with) payload size range 4, and/or the like. A payload size range may be a payload size range from a first payload size to a second payload size.

[0131] FIG. 7 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for used/unused resources indication by bitmap for a first UL channel. The first (1st) uplink (UL) channel may indicate one or more resources of the (Li) beam (measurement) report for the second (2nd) channel. The one or more resources may be used resources or unused resources of the (Lt) beam (measurement) report for the second (2nd) channel. For example, a w ireless device may transmit an uplink control information (UCI) via the first (1st) uplink (UL) channel. The UCI may indicate the one or more resources of the (Lt) beam (measurement) report for the second (2nd) channel. The UCI may comprise a bitmap. The bitmap may comprise multiple bits. For example, the bitmap may comprise

3 bits. In an example, the bitmap may indicate indexo in response to the bitmap being set to 000. The bitmap may indicate index 1 in response to the bitmap being set to 001. The bitmap may indicate index 2 in response to the bitmap being set to 10. The bitmap may indicate index 3 in response to the bitmap being set to 11. The bitmap may indicate index

4 in response to the bitmap being set to too. The bitmap may indicate index 5 in response to the bitmap being set to 101. The bitmap may indicate index 6 in response to the bitmap being set to 110. The bitmap may indicate index 7 in response to the bitmap being set to 111.

[0132] Each index may be associated with (or mapped with) a respective resource range for the one or more resources. For example, index 0 may be associated with (or mapped with) resource range 0. Indexi may be associated with (or mapped with) resource range 1. Index 2 may be associated with (or mapped with) resource range 2. Index 3 may be associated with (or mapped with) resource range 3, and/or the like. A resource range may be a resource size range from a first size to a second size. In an example, each bit of the bitmap may be associated with at least one of: an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) symbol; a slot; a physical resource block (PRB); a sub-frame; an occasion; or a mini slot. In response to a bit of the bitmap being set to 1, the resource associated with the bit may be unused by the Li beam measurement report. In response to a bit of the bitmap being set to o, the resource associated with the bit may be used by the Lt beam measurement report, or vice versa. [0133] FIG. 8 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for used/unused resources indication by a first signal for a first UL channel. The first (1st) signal via the 1st UL channel may indicate one or more resources of the (Li) beam (measurement) report for a second (2nd) channel. The one or more resources may be one or more used resources or one or more unused resources. The first (1st) signal via the 1st UL channel may be one of: a scheduling request (SR); a preamble; or a preamble transmitted via a transmission occasion. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of the 1st signals. Each of the plurality of the 1st signals may be associated with (or mapping to) a respective resource range. For example, the 1st signal 0 may be associated with (or mapped with) resource range 0. The 1st signal 1 may be associated with (or mapped with) resource range 1. The 1st signal 2 may be associated wit h (or mapped w ith) resource range 2. The 1st signal 3 may be associated w ith (or mapped with) resource range 3. The 1st signal 4 may be associated with (or mapped with) resource range 4, and/or the like. A resource range may be a resource size range from a first size to a second size.

[0134] FIG. 9 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for a procedure of beam management based on UE triggered events. Unless otherwise stated, the steps in FIG. 9 can be the same as embodiments described in relation to FIGs. 2 and 4. A wireless device (e.g., UE) may receive one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages from a base station (BS) (e.g., gNB or network controller). The one or more RRC messages may comprise one or more configuration parameters indicating one or more reference signals (RSs). The wireless device (e.g., UE) may receive 902 (e.g., at time To) the one or more RSs from the base station (BS). Each RS of the one or more RSs may be referred to as a beam. The one or more RSs may comprise one or more channel state information RSs (CSI-RSs), and/or one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs). The wireless device may perform beam measurements based on the one or more RSs. The one or more RSs may comprise one or more current beams, and/or one or more new- (candidate) beams. The beam measurement may comprise physical layer (Li) measurement(s).

[0135] The wireless device may perform the physical layer (Li) measurement(s) based on the one or more RSs. The physical layer (Li) measurement(s) may comprise a Li reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measurement, and/or a Li signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio (L1-SINR) measurement. The wireless device may perform event detection or event evaluation based on the beam measurements. In response to the event being detected (or being fulfilled) by the wireless device, the wireless device may transmit 904 (e.g., at timeTt) a first (1st) uplink (UL) channel (or a first (1st) signal via the 1st UL channel) to the base station. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a time offset threshold value. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of first (1st) time offset threshold values.

[0136] The wireless device may receive a MAC CE from the base station. The MAC CE may indicate the time offset threshold value from the plurality of first (1st) time offset threshold values. The first (1st) uplink (UL) channel (or the first (1st) signal via the 1st UL channel) may indicate one or more resources used for (or a payload size of) (Li) beam (measurement) report for (or via) a second (2nd) channel. In an example, the first (1st) uplink (UL) channel (or the first (1st) signal via the 1st UL channel) may indicate a buffer status (e.g., a buffer size) for the (Li) beam (measurement) report for (or via) a second (2nd) channel. The wireless device may transmit 906 (e.g., at time T2), via the one or more resources of the second (2nd) channel, the (Li) beam (measurement) report to the base station. The time difference between the 1st UL channel and the 2nd UL channel may be equal to or greater than the time offset threshold value. The wireless device may transmit, to the base station and via the one or more resources of the second (2nd) channel, the (Li) beam (measurement) report after the time offset threshold value starting from the end of the transmission of the 1st UL channel (or the end of the transmission of the 1st signal via the 1st UL channel). The time offset threshold value may comprise at least one of: one or more (OFDMA) symbols; one or more slots; one or more mini slots; or one or more subframes. The one or more resources may comprise at least one of: one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) symbols; one or more slots; one or more physical resource blocks (PRBs); one or more sub-frames; one or more transmission occasions; or one or more mini slots. Each transmission occasion of the one or more transmission occasions may comprise at least one of: one or more OFDMA symbols; a slot; or a mini slot.

[0137] The (Li) beam (measurement) report may comprise (or indicate) one or more of: one or more identifiers (or indexes) of one or more of the at least one new- beam (or second RS); one or more L1-RSRP values/Li-SINR values corresponding to one or more of the at least one new beam (or second RS); one or more identifiers (or indexes) of one or more TCI states associated with (or with QCL RS(s) being) one or more of the at least one new- beam (or second RS); an identifier or index of the TCI state corresponding to the current beam; an L1-RSRP value/Li-SINR value corresponding the current beam; or an identifier of the event. The wireless device may receive 908 (e.g., at time T3) the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. In response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may apply (e.g., duration from T3 to T4) the at least one new beam for downlink receptions and/ or uplink transmissions. For example, the wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to the at least one new beam (or second RS).

[0138] The wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to the at least one new beam (or second RS) after the time offset value starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. In response to receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station, the wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to the one or more TCI states associated with (or with QCL RS(s) being) one or more of the at least one new beam (or second RS). The wireless device may switch beams (e.g., currently used for downlink receptions and/ or uplink transmissions) from the current beam to the one or more TCI states associated -with (or -with QCL RS(s) being) one or more of the at least one new beam (or second RS) after the time offset value starting from the end of receiving the confirmation message (or acknowledgment message) from the base station. The first (1st) UL channel may be one of: a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); or a physical random-access channel (PRACH). The second (2nd) UL channel may be one of: a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0139] FIG. 10 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for an activation or update procedure for TCI state(s). At block 1002, a wireless device may receive one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages from a network controller (or base station). The one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration parameters. The configuration parameters may indicate one or more reference signals (RSs) for a beam measurement. The configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of first transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states. The configuration parameters may indicate a threshold value. At block 1004, the wireless device may receive a medium access control control element (MAC CE) from the network controller (or base station). The MAC CE may activate one or more TCI states (or a plurality of second TCI states) from the plurality of first TCI states. Next, at block 1006, the wireless device may perform an event evaluation based on the beam measurements of the one or more RSs and the one or more TCI states (or the plurality of second TCI states).

[0140] In block 1008, after the event being fulfilled based on the beam measurements that a quality of at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes the threshold value better than a first RS associated with a first TCI state, from the one or more TCI states (or the plurality of second TCI states), with the worst quality, the wireless device may transmit a beam measurement report to the network controller (or base station). The beam measurement report may comprise an identifier or index of the first TCI state. The beam measurement report may comprise an identifier or index of the at least one RS. The beam measurement report may comprise an identifier or index of a second TCI state associated with the at least one RS. The beam measurement report may comprise a first quality value of the at least one RS. The beam measurement report may comprise a second quality value of the first RS. The beam measurement report may comprise an identifier of the event. In block 1010, the wireless device may receive a confirmation message or an acknowledgement message for the beam measurement report from the network controller (or base station). Finally, in block 1012, in response to receiving the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message, the wireless device may replace the first TCI state with the second TCI state or a second beam associated with the at least one RS. [0141] FIG. 11 illustrates a diagram of an example embodiment for a procedure of activation or update for TCI state(s). In block 1102, a network controller (or base station) may transmit one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages to a wireless device. The one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration parameters. The configuration parameters may indicate one or more reference signals (RSs) for a beam measurement. The configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of first transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states. The configuration parameters may indicate a threshold value. In block 1104, the network controller (or base station) may transmit a medium access control control element (MAC CE) to the -wireless device. The MAC CE may activate one or more TCI states (or a plurality of second TCI states) from the plurality of first TCI states. In block 1106, the network controller (or base station) may receive a beam measurement report from the wireless device. The beam measurement report may comprise an identifier or index of a first TCI state. The beam measurement report may comprise an identifier or index of at least one RS from the one or more RSs. The beam measurement report may comprise an identifier or index of a second TCI state associated with the at least one RS. The beam measurement report may comprise a first quality value of the at least one RS. The beam measurement report may comprise a second quality value of a first RS. The beam measurement report may comprise an identifier of an event. In block 1108, the network controller (or base station) may transmit a confirmation message or an acknowledgement message for the beam measurement report to the wireless device. In block 1110, in response to transmitting the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message, the network controller (or base station) may replace the first TCI state with the second TCI state or a second beam associated with the at least one RS.

[0142] FIG. 12 illustrates an example communications system 1200 in which some embodiments may be implemented. Communications system 1200 includes an access node 1210 serving user equipments (UEs) or wireless devices with coverage 1201, such as UEs 1220. In a first operating mode, communications to and from a UE passes through access node 1210 with a coverage area 1201. The access node 1210 is connected to a backhaul network 1215 for connecting to the internet, operations and management, and so forth. In a second operating mode, communications to and from a UE do not pass through access node 1210, however, access node 1210 typically allocates resources used by the UE to communicate w hen specific conditions are met. Communications between a pair of UEs 1220 can use a sidelink connection (shown as two separate one-way connections 1225). In FIG. 12, the sideline communication is occurring between two UEs operating inside of coverage area 1201. However, sidelink communications, in general, can occur when UEs 1220 are both outside coverage area 1201, both inside coverage area 1201, or one inside and the other outside coverage area 1201. Communication between a UE and access node pair occur over uni-directional communication links, where the communication links between the UE and the access node are referred to as uplinks 1230, and the communication links between the access node and UE is referred to as downlinks 1235.

[0143] Access nodes may also be commonly referred to as Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs), next generation (NG) Node Bs (gNBs), master eNBs (MeNBs), secondary’ eNBs (SeNBs), master gNBs (MgNBs), secondary gNBs (SgNBs), network controllers, control nodes, base stations, access points, transmission points (TPs), transmission-reception points (TRPs), cells, carriers, macro cells, femtocells, pico cells, and so on, while UEs may also be commonly referred to as wireless devices, mobile stations, mobiles, terminals, users, subscribers, stations, and the like. Access nodes may provide wireless access in accordance with one or more w ireless communication protocols, e.g., the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced (LTE- A), 5G, 5G LTE, 5G NR, sixth generation (6G), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), the IEEE 802.11 family’ of standards, such as 802.na/b/g/n/ac/ad/ax/ay/be, etc. While it is understood that communications systems may employ multiple access nodes capable of communicating with a number of UEs, only one access node and two UEs are illustrated for simplicity.

[0144] FIG. 13 illustrates an example communication system 1300 in which some embodiments discussed herein may be implemented. In general, the system 1300 enables multiple wireless or wired users to transmit and receive data and other content. The system 1300 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), or non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA).

[0145] In this example, the communication system 1300 includes electronic devices (ED) 13103-13100, radio access networks (RANs) I32oa-i32ob, a core network 1330, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 1340, the Internet 1350, and other networks 1360. While certain numbers of these components or elements are shown in FIG. 13, any number of these components or elements may be included in the system 1300.

[0146] The EDs 13103-13100 are configured to operate or communicate in the system 1300. For example, the EDs 13103-13100 are configured to transmit or receive via wireless or wired communication channels. Each ED 13103-13100 represents any suitable end user device and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment or device (UE), wireless transmit or receive unit (WTRU), wireless device, mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, cellular telephone, personal digital assistant (PDA), smartphone, laptop, computer, touchpad, w ireless sensor, or consumer electronics device.

[0147] The RANs I32oa-i32ob here include base stations 13703-1370^ respectively. Each base station 1370a- 1370b is configured to wirelessly interface with one or more of the EDs 13103-13100 to enable access to the core network 1330, the PSTN 1340, the Internet 1350, or the other networks 1360. For example, the base stations I37oa-i37ob may include (or be) one or more of several well-known devices, such as a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B (NodeB), an evolved NodeB (eNB), a Next Generation (NG) NodeB (gNB), a gNB centralized unit (gNB-CU), a gNB distributed unit (gNB-DU), a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), or a wireless router. The EDs 13103-13100 are configured to interface and communicate with the Internet 1350 and may access the core network 1330, the PSTN 1340, or the other networks 1360.

[0148] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the base station 1370a forms part of the RAN 1320a, which may include other base stations, elements, or devices. Also, the base station 1370b forms part of the RAN 1320b, which may include other base stations, elements, or devices. Each base station i37oa-i37ob operates to transmit or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell.” In some embodiments, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology may be employed having multiple transceivers for each cell.

[0149] The base stations i370a-i370b communicate with one or more of the EDs 13103-13100 over one or more air interfaces 1390 using wireless communication links. The air interfaces 1390 may utilize any suitable radio access technology.

[0150] It is contemplated that the system 1300 may use multiple channel access functionality, including such schemes as described above. In particular embodiments, the base stations and EDs implement 5G New Radio (NR), LTE, LTE-A, or LTE-B. Of course, other multiple access schemes and wireless protocols may be utilized.

[0151] The RANs I32oa-i32ob are in communication with the core network 1330 to provide the EDs 13103-13100 with voice, data, application, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), or other services. Understandably, the RANs I32oa-i32ob or the core network 1330 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown). The core network 1330 may also serve as a gateway access for other networks (such as the PSTN 1340, the Internet 1350, and the other networks 1360). In addition, some or all of the EDs 13103-13100 may include functionality for communicating with different wireless network's over different wireless links using different wireless technologies or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto), the EDs may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not show n), and to the Internet 1350.

[0152] Although FIG. 13 illustrates one example of a communication system, various changes may be made to FIG. 13. For example, the communication system 1300 could include any number of EDs, base stations, networks, or other components in any suitable configuration.

[0153] Figures 14A and 14B illustrate example devices that may implement some embodiments discussed herein. In particular, FIG. 14A illustrates an example ED 1410, and FIG. 14B illustrates an example base station 1470. These components could be used in the sy stem 1300 or in any other suitable system.

[0154] As shown in FIG. 14A, the ED 1410 includes at least one processing unit 1400. The processing unit 1400 implements various processing operations of the ED 1410. For example, the processing unit 1400 could perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input/output processing, or any other functionality enabling the ED 1410 to operate in the system 1300. The processing unit 1400 also supports the methods and teachings described in more detail above. Each processing unit 1400 includes any suitable processing or computing device configured to perform one or more operations. Each processing unit 1400 could, for example, include a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, field programmable gate array, or application specific integrated circuit.

[0155] The ED 1410 also includes at least one transceiver 1402. The transceiver 1402 is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna or NIC (Network Interface Controller) 1404. The transceiver 1402 is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 1404. Each transceiver 1402 includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 1404 includes any suitable structure for transmitting or receiving wireless or wired signals. One or multiple transceivers 1402 could be used in the ED 1410, and one or multiple antennas 1404 could be used in the ED 1410. Although shown as a single functional unit, a transceiver 1402 could also be implemented using at least one transmitter and at least one separate receiver.

[0156] The ED 1410 further includes one or more input/output devices 1406 or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the Internet 1350). The input/output devices 1406 facilitate interaction with a user or other devices (network communications) in the network. Each input/output device 1406 includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, or touch screen, including network interface communications. [0157] In addition, the ED 1410 includes at least one memoiy 1408. The memory 1408 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the ED 1410. For example, the memory 1408 could store software or firmware instructions executed by the processing unit(s) 1400 and data used to reduce or eliminate interference in incoming signals. Each memory 1408 includes any suitable volatile or non-volatile storage and retrieval device(s). Any suitable type of memoiy may be used, such as random access memory’ (RAM), read only memory’ (ROM), hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identitymodule (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memoiy card, and the like.

[0158] As shown in FIG. 14B, the base station 1470 includes at least one processing unit 1450, at least one transceiver 1452, which includes functionality for a transmitter and a receiver, one or more antennas 1456, at least one memory’ 1458, and one or more input/ output devices or interfaces 1466. A scheduler, which would be understood by one skilled in the art, is coupled to the processing unit 1450. The scheduler could be included within or operated separately from the base station 1470. The processing unit 1450 implements various processing operations of the base station 1470, such as signal coding, data processing, power control, input/output processing, or any other functionality. The processing unit 1450 can also support the methods and teachings described in more detail above. Each processing unit 1450 includes any suitable processing or computing device configured to perform one or more operations. Each processing unit 1450 could, for example, include a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, field programmable gate array, or application specific integrated circuit.

[0159] Each transceiver 1452 includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission to one or more EDs or other devices. Each transceiver 1452 further includes any suitable structure for processing signals received wirelessly or by wire from one or more EDs or other devices. Although shown combined as a transceiver 1452, a transmitter and a receiver could be separate components. Each antenna 1456 includes any suitable structure for transmitting or receiving wireless or wired signals. While a common antenna 1456 is shown here as being coupled to the transceiver 1452, one or more antennas 1456 could be coupled to the transceiver(s) 1452, allowing separate antennas 1456 to be coupled to the transmitter and the receiver if equipped as separate components. Each memoiy 1458 includes any suitable volatile or non-volatile storage and retrieval device(s). Each input/output device 1466 facilitates interaction with a user or other devices (network communications) in the network’. Each input/output device 1466 includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving/providing information from a user, including network interface communications. [o i6o] FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a computing system 1500 that may be used for implementing the devices and methods disclosed herein. For example, the computing system can be any entity of UE, access network (AN), mobility management (MM), session management (SM), user plane gateway (UPGW), or access stratum (AS). Specific devices may utilize all of the components shown or only a subset of the components, and levels of integration may vary from device to device. Furthermore, a device may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processing units, processors, memories, transmitters, receivers, etc. The computing system 1500 includes a processing unit 1502. The processing unit includes a central processing unit (CPU) 1514, memoiy 1508, and may further include a mass storage device 1504, a video adapter 1510, and an I/O interface 1512 connected to a bus 1520.

[0161] The bus 1520 may be one or more of any type of several bus architectures including a memory bus or memoiy controller, a peripheral bus, or a video bus. The CPU 1514 may comprise any type of electronic data processor. The memoiy 1508 may comprise any type of non-transitoiy system memoiy such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the memoiy 1508 may include ROM for use at boot-up, and DRAM for program and data storage for use while executing programs.

[0162] The mass storage 1504 may comprise any type of non-transitory storage device configured to store data, programs, and other information and to make the data, programs, and other information accessible via the bus 1520. The mass storage 1504 may comprise, for example, one or more of a solid state drive, hard disk drive, a magnetic disk drive, or an optical disk drive.

[0163] The video adapter 1510 and the I/O interface 1512 provide interfaces to couple external input and output devices to the processing unit 1502. As illustrated, examples of input and output devices include a display 1518 coupled to the video adapter 1510 and a mouse, keyboard, or printer 1516 coupled to the I/O interface 1512. Other devices may be coupled to the processing unit 1502, and additional or fewer interface cards may be utilized. For example, a serial interface such as Universal Serial Bus (USB) (not shown) may be used to provide an interface for an external device.

[0164] The processing unit 1502 also includes one or more network interfaces 1506, which may comprise wired links, such as an Ethernet cable, or wireless links to access nodes or different networks. The network interfaces 1506 allow the processing unit 1502 to communicate with remote units via the networks. For example, the network interfaces 1506 may provide wireless communication via one or more transmitters/transmit antennas and one or more receivers/receive antennas. In an embodiment, the processing unit 1502 is coupled to a local-area network 1522 or a wide-area network for data processing and communications with remote devices, such as other processing units, the Internet, or remote storage facilities.

[0165] It should be appreciated that one or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by a performing unit or module, a generating unit or module, an obtaining unit or module, a setting unit or module, an adjusting unit or module, an increasing unit or module, a decreasing unit or module, a determining unit or module, a modifying unit or module, a reducing unit or module, a removing unit or module, or a selecting unit or module. The respective units or modules may be hardw are, software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs).

[0166] Although the description has been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments described herein, as one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from this disclosure that processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed, may perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED:

1. A method, comprising: receiving, at a user equipment (UE), configuration parameters, the configuration parameters indicating: one or more reference signals (RSs) for beam measurements; a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; and a threshold value; receiving, at the UE, a command activating one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states; transmitting a beam measurement report in response to an event being fulfilled, wherein the fulfilled event is that a measured quality of at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of an RS associated with an activated TCI state, the activated TCI state being from the one or more TCI states, and wherein the beam measurement report comprises an identifier of the at least one RS; receiving, at the UE, a confirmation message or an acknowledgement message for the beam measurement report; and updating, in response to receiving the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message, the one or more TCI states with a first TCI state associated with the at least one RS.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein updating, in response to receiving the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message, the one or more TCI states with the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS, comprises replacing an activated TCI state from the one or more TCI states by the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state comprises deactivating the activated TCI state and activating the first TCI state.

4. The method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein updating, in response to receiving the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message, the one or more TCI states with the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS, comprises replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state with quasi co-located (QCL) RS(s) being the at least one RS, by the first TCI state with QCL RS(s) having QCL source RS being the at least one RS, or by the first TCI state with QCL RS(s) QCLed with the at least one RS.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state comprises activating the first TCI state with the QCL RS(s) or QCL source RS being the at least one RS.

6. The method according to any of claims 1-5, further comprising deactivating, in response to receiving the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message, the activated TCI state.

7. The method according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the command activating the one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states comprises a medium access controlcontrol element (MAC-CE).

8. The method according to any of claims 1-7, wherein the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message further comprises one or more TCI state indications.

9. The method according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the RS associated with the activated TCI state is an RS associated w ith an activated TCI state w ith a worst quality.

10. The method according to any of claims 1-9, wherein the configuration parameters, the command activating one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states, and the confirmation message or acknowledgement message are received from a network element.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the network element is at least one base station.

12. The method according to any of claims 1-11, wherein the RS associated with the activated TCI state comprises at least one of: the RS being a QCL RS of the activated TCI state, the RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the activated TCI state, or the RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the activated TCI state.

13. The method according to any of claims 1-11, wherein the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS comprises at least one of: the at least one RS being a QCL RS of the first TCI state, the at least one RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the first TCI state, or the at least one RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the first TCI state.

14. The method according to any of claims 1-13, w herein the confirmation message or the acknowledgment message does not include an instruction to switch TCI states.

15. The method according to any of claims 1-14, w herein the fulfilled event that the measured quality of the at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of the RS associated with the activated TCI state comprises that a difference betw een a first physical layer (Li) reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) value of the at least one RS and a second Li-RSRP value of the RS associated with the activated TCI state is larger than the threshold value.

16. The method according to any of claims 1-15, wherein the confirmation message or the acknowledgment message comprises at least one of: a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) scrambled by a beam confirmation radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) (BC-RNTI); a new’ data indicator (NDI) included in an uplink grant carried by a PDCCH; a PDCCH w ithin a first search space; a MAC CE; an acknowledgment (ACK); or PDCCH carried by a search space being different from the first search space.

17. The method according to any of claims 1-16, wherein the RS associated with the activated TCI state comprises the RS being a QCL RS of the activated TCI state, or the RS being a QCL source RS for the QCL RS of the activated TCI state.

18. The method according to any of claims 1-17, wherein transmitting the beam measurement report comprises transmitting, in response to the event being fulfilled and via a first uplink (UL) channel, an indication for a second UL channel for reporting the beam measurement report.

19. A method, comprising: receiving, at a user equipment (UE), configuration parameters, the configuration parameters indicating: one or more reference signals (RSs) for beam measurements; a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; a time offset value; and a threshold value; determining, based on an event evaluation for an event, that the event is fulfilled, wherein the fulfilled event is that a measured quality of at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of an RS associated with a TCI state from the plurality of TCI states; transmitting, in response to the event being fulfilled and via a first uplink (UL) channel, an indication for a second UL channel for reporting a beam measurement report; and transmitting, after the time offset value starting from an end of the first UL channel and via the second UL channel, the beam measurement report comprising an identifier of the at least one RS.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the time offset value comprises at least one of: one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) symbols; one or more slots; one or more mini slots; or one or more subframes.

21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the RS associated w ith the TCI state comprises at least one of: the RS being a quasi co-located (QCL) RS of the TCI state, the RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the TCI state, or the RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the TCI state.

22. The method according to any of claims 18-21, wherein the indication for the second UL channel comprises an indication of whether the second UL channel is transmitted.

23. The method according to any of claims 18-22, wherein the first UL channel is a physical UL control channel (PUCCH), and w erein the second UL channel is a physical UL shared channel (PUSCH).

24. The method according to any of claims 18-23, wherein transmitting the indication via the first UL channel comprises transmitting an uplink control information (UCI) via the first UL channel, wherein the UCI comprises a bitmap.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein a bit of the bitmap is associated with at least one of: an OFDMA symbol; a slot; a physical resource block (PRB); a sub-frame; an occasion; or a mini slot.

26. The method according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the bit of the bitmap indicates that: uplink resources of the second UL channel are used in response to the bit being set to a first value; or uplink resources of the second UL channel are unused in response to the bit being set to a second value.

27. The method according claim 26, wherein the uplink resources of the second UL channel comprise at least one of: a buffer status or a buffer size for the beam measurement report; one or more OFDMA symbols; one or more slots; one or more PRBs; one or more sub-frames; one or more transmission occasions; or one or more mini slots.

28. The method according to any of claims 1-27, wherein the beam measurement report further comprises one or more of:

Lt-RSRP values for the one or more RSs;

Lt signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (L1-SINR) values for the one or more RSs; one or more RS indexes or identifiers corresponding to one or more of the L1-RSRP values or the Lt-SINR values; one or more identifiers or indexes of one or more candidate beams or new TCI states; or one or more L1-RSRP values or L1-SINR values of the one or more candidate beams or the new TCI states.

29. The method according to any of claims 1-28, wherein the one or more RSs are from a first RS set.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein the configuration parameters indicate a plurality of RS sets, and the plurality of RS sets comprise the first RS set.

31. The method according to any of claims 1-30, wherein the identifier comprises a synchronization signal block resource indicator (SSBRI) or a channel state information RS resource indicator (CRI).

32. The method according to any of claims 1-31, wherein the configuration parameters are received by the UE in one or more messages.

33. The method according to claim 32, wherein the one or more messages comprise one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages.

34. A method, comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), configuration parameters, the configuration parameters indicating: one or more reference signals (RSs) for beam measurements; a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; and a threshold value; transmitting, to the UE, a command activating one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states; receiving, at a network element, a beam measurement report in response to an event being fulfilled, wherein the fulfilled event is that a measured quality of at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of an RS associated with an activated TCI state, the activated TCI state being from the one or more TCI states, and w herein the beam measurement report comprises an identifier of the at least one RS; transmitting, to the UE, a confirmation message or an acknowledgment message for the beam measurement report; and updating the one or more TCI states with a first TCI state associated with the at least one RS.

35. The method according to claim 34, wherein updating the one or more TCI states with the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS, comprises replacing an activated TCI state from the one or more TCI states by the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS.

36. The method according to claim 35, wherein replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state comprises deactivating the activated TCI state and activating the first TCI state.

37. The method according to any of claims 34-36, wherein updating the one or more TCI states with the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS, comprises replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state with quasi co-located (QCL) RS(s) being the at least one RS, by the first TCI state with QCL RS(s) having QCL source RS being the at least one RS, or by the first TCI state with QCL RS(s) QCLed with the at least one RS.

38. The method according to claim 37, w herein replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state comprises activating the first TCI state with the QCL RS(s) or QCL source RS being the at least one RS.

39. The method according to any of claims 34-38, further comprising deactivating the activated TCI state.

40. The method according to any of claims 34-39, w herein the command activating the one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states comprises a medium access controlcontrol element (MAC-CE).

41. The method according to any of claims 34-40, w herein the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message further comprises one or more TCI state indications.

42. The method according to any of claims 34-41, wherein the RS associated with the activated TCI state is an RS associated with an activated TCI state with a worst quality.

43. The method according to any of claims 34-42, w herein the configuration parameters, the command activating one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states, and the confirmation message or acknowledgement message are transmitted from a network element.

44. The method according to claim 43, w herein the network element is at least one base station.

45. The method according to any of claims 34-44, wherein the RS associated with the activated TCI state comprises at least one of: the RS being a QCL RS of the activated TCI state, the RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the activated TCI state, or the RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the activated TCI state.

46. The method according to any of claims 34-44, wherein the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS comprises at least one of: the at least one RS being a QCL RS of the first TCI state, the at least one RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the first TCI state, or the at least one RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the first TCI state.

47. The method according to any of claims 34-46, w herein the confirmation message or the acknowledgment message does not include an instruction to sw itch TCI states.

48. The method according to any of claims 34-47, wherein the fulfilled event that the measured quality of the at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of the RS associated with the activated TCI state comprises that a difference betw een a first physical layer (Li) reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) value of the at least one RS and a second Li-RSRP value of the RS associated with the activated TCI state is larger than the threshold value.

49. The method according to any of claims 34-48, w herein the confirmation message or the acknowledgment message comprises at least one of: a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) scrambled by a beam confirmation radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) (BC-RNTI); a new data indicator (NDI) included in an uplink grant carried by a PDCCH; a PDCCH within a first search space; a MAC CE; an acknowledgment (ACK); or PDCCH carried by a search space being different from the first search space.

50. The method according to any of claims 34-49, w herein the RS associated with the activated TCI state comprises the RS being a QCL RS of the activated TCI state, or the RS being a QCL source RS for the QCL RS of the activated TCI state.

51. The method according to any of claims 34-50, wherein receiving the beam measurement report comprises receiving, in response to the event being fulfilled and via a first uplink (UL) channel, an indication for a second UL channel for reporting the beam measurement report.

52. A method, comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), configuration parameters, the configuration parameters indicating: one or more reference signals (RSs) for beam measurements; a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; a time offset value; and a threshold value; receiving, in response to an event being fulfilled and via a first uplink (UL) channel, an indication for a second UL channel for reporting a beam measurement report, wherein the fulfilled event is that a measured quality of at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of an RS associated with a TCI state from the plurality of TCI states; and receiving, after the time offset value starting from an end of the first UL channel and via the second UL channel, the beam measurement report comprising an identifier of the at least one RS.

53. The method according to claim 52, wherein the time offset value comprises at least one of: one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) symbols; one or more slots; one or more mini slots; or one or more subframes.

54. The method according to claim 52 or 53, wherein the RS associated with the TCI state comprises at least one of: the RS being a quasi co-located (QCL) RS of the TCI state, the RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the TCI state, or the RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the TCI state.

55. The method according to any of claims 51-54, wherein the indication for the second UL channel comprises an indication of whether the second UL channel is transmitted.

56. The method according to any of claims 51-55, wherein the first UL channel is a physical UL control channel (PUCCH), and wherein the second UL channel is a physical UL shared channel (PUSCH).

57. The method according to any of claims 51-56, wherein receiving the indication via the first UL channel comprises receiving an uplink control information (UCI) via the first UL channel, wherein the UCI comprises a bitmap.

58. The method according to claim 57, wherein a bit of the bitmap is associated w ith at least one of: an OFDMA symbol; a slot; a physical resource block (PRB); a sub-frame; an occasion; or a mini slot.

59. The method according to claim 57 or 58, wherein the bit of the bitmap indicates that: uplink resources of the second UL channel are used in response to the bit being set to a first value; or uplink resources of the second UL channel are unused in response to the bit being set to a second value.

60. The method according claim 59, wherein the uplink resources of the second UL channel comprise at least one of: a buffer status or a buffer size for the beam measurement report; one or more OFDMA symbols; one or more slots; one or more PRBs; one or more sub-frames; one or more transmission occasions; or one or more mini slots.

61. The method according to any of claims 34-60, wherein the beam measurement report further comprises one or more of:

Lt-RSRP values for the one or more RSs;

62. The method according to any of claims 34-61, wherein the one or more RSs are from a first RS set.

63. The method according to claim 62, wherein the configuration parameters indicate a plurality of RS sets, and the plurality' of RS sets comprise the first RS set.

64. The method according to any of claims 34-63, wherein the identifier comprises a synchronization signal block resource indicator (SSBR1) or a channel state information RS resource indicator (CRI).

65. The method according to any of claims 34-64, wherein the configuration parameters are received by the UE in one or more messages.

66. The method according to claim 65, wherein the one or more messages comprise one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages.

67. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more processors; and a non-transitory storage coupled to the one or more processors, wherein the storage contains instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the UE to perform: receiving configuration parameters, the configuration parameters indicating: one or more reference signals (RSs) for beam measurements; a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; and a threshold value; receiving a command activating one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states; transmitting a beam measurement report in response to an event being fulfilled, wherein the fulfilled event is that a measured quality of at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of an RS associated with an activated TCI state, the activated TCI state being from the one or more TCI states, and wherein the beam measurement report comprises an identifier of the at least one RS; receiving a confirmation message or an acknowledgement message for the beam measurement report; and updating, in response to receiving the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message, the one or more TCI states with a first TCI state associated with the at least one RS.

68. The UE according to claim 67, wherein updating, in response to receiving the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message, the one or more TCI states with the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS, comprises replacing an activated TCI state from the one or more TCI states by the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS.

69. The UE according to claim 68, wherein replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state comprises deactivating the activated TCI state and activating the first TCI state.

70. The UE according to any of claims 67-69, wherein updating, in response to receiving the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message, the one or more TCI states with the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS, comprises replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state with quasi co-located (QCL) RS(s) being the at least one RS, by the first TCI state with QCL RS(s) having QCL source RS being the at least one RS, or by the first TCI state with QCL RS(s) QCLed with the at least one RS.

71. The UE according to claim 70, wherein replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state comprises activating the first TCI state with the QCL RS(s) or QCL source RS being the at least one RS.

72. The UE according to any of claims 67-71, further comprising deactivating, in response to receiving the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message, the activated TCI state. 73- The UE according to any of claims 67-72, wherein the command activating the one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states comprises a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE).

74. The UE according to any of claims 67-73, wherein the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message further comprises one or more TCI state indications.

75. The UE according to any of claims 67-74, wherein the RS associated with the activated TCI state is an RS associated w ith an activated TCI state w ith a worst quality.

76. The UE according to any of claims 67-75, wherein the configuration parameters, the command activating one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states, and the confirmation message or acknowledgement message are received from a network element.

77. The UE according to claim 76, wherein the network element is at least one base station.

78. The UE according to any of claims 67-77, wherein the RS associated with the activated TCI state comprises at least one of: the RS being a QCL RS of the activated TCI state, the RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the activated TCI state, or the RS being QCLed w ith the QCL RS of the activated TCI state.

79. The UE according to any of claims 67-77, wherein the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS comprises at least one of: the at least one RS being a QCL RS of the first TCI state, the at least one RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the first TCI state, or the at least one RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the first TCI state.

80. The UE according to any of claims 67-79, wherein the confirmation message or the acknowledgment message does not include an instruction to switch TCI states.

81. The UE according to any of claims 67-80, wherein the fulfilled event that the measured quality of the at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of the RS associated with the activated TCI state comprises that a difference between a first physical layer (Li) reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) value of the at least one RS and a second Li-RSRP value of the RS associated with the activated TCI state is larger than the threshold value.

82. The UE according to any of claims 67-81, wherein the confirmation message or the acknowledgment message comprises at least one of: a physical dow nlink control channel (PDCCH) scrambled by a beam confirmation radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) (BC-RNTI); a new data indicator (NDI) included in an uplink grant carried by a PDCCH; a PDCCH w ithin a first search space; a MAC CE; an acknowledgment (ACK); or PDCCH carried by a search space being different from the first search space.

83. The UE according to any of claims 67-82, wherein the RS associated with the activated TCI state comprises the RS being a QCL RS of the activated TCI state, or the RS being a QCL source RS for the QCL RS of the activated TCI state.

84. The UE according to any of claims 67-83, wherein transmitting the beam measurement report comprises transmitting, in response to the event being fulfilled and via a first uplink (UL) channel, an indication for a second UL channel for reporting the beam measurement report.

85. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more processors; and a non-transitory storage coupled to the one or more processors, wherein the storage contains instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the UE to perform: receiving configuration parameters, the configuration parameters indicating: one or more reference signals (RSs) for beam measurements; a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; a time offset value; and a threshold value; determining, based on an event evaluation for an event, that the event is fulfilled, wherein the fulfilled event is that a measured quality of at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of an RS associated with a TCI state from the plurality of TCI states; transmitting, in response to the event being fulfilled and via a first uplink (UL) channel, an indication for a second UL channel for reporting a beam measurement report; and transmitting, after the time offset value starting from an end of the first UL channel and via the second UL channel, the beam measurement report comprising an identifier of the at least one RS.

86. The UE according to claim 85, wherein the time offset value comprises at least one of: one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) symbols; one or more slots; one or more mini slots; or one or more subframes.

87. The UE according to claim 85 or 86, wherein the RS associated with the TCI state comprises at least one of: the RS being a quasi co-located (QCL) RS of the TCI state, the RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the TCI state, or the RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the TCI state.

88. The UE according to any of claims 84-87, wherein the indication for the second UL channel comprises an indication of whether the second UL channel is transmitted.

89. The UE according to any of claims 84-88, wherein the first UL channel is a physical UL control channel (PUCCH), and wherein the second UL channel is a physical UL shared channel (PUSCH).

90. The UE according to any of claims 84-89, wherein transmitting the indication via the first UL channel comprises transmitting an uplink control information (UCI) via the first UL channel, wherein the UCI comprises a bitmap.

91. The UE according to claim 90, wherein a bit of the bitmap is associated with at least one of: an OFDMA symbol; a slot; a physical resource block (PRB); a sub-frame; an occasion; or a mini slot.

92. The UE according to claim 90 or 91, w erein the bit of the bitmap indicates that: uplink resources of the second UL channel are used in response to the bit being set to a first value; or uplink resources of the second UL channel are unused in response to the bit being set to a second value.

93. The UE according claim 92, wherein the uplink resources of the second UL channel comprise at least one of: a buffer status or a buffer size for the beam measurement report; one or more OFDMA symbols; one or more slots; one or more PRBs; one or more subframes; one or more transmission occasions; or one or more mini slots.

94. The UE according to any of claims 67-93, wherein the beam measurement report further comprises one or more of:

Lt-RSRP values for the one or more RSs;

Lt signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (Lt-SINR) values for the one or more RSs; one or more RS indexes or identifiers corresponding to one or more of the Lt-RSRP values or the Lt-SINR values; one or more identifiers or indexes of one or more candidate beams or new TCI states; or one or more L1-RSRP values or L1-SINR values of the one or more candidate beams or the new TCI states.

95. The UE according to any of claims 67-94, wherein the one or more RSs are from a first RS set.

96. The UE according to claim 95, wherein the configuration parameters indicate a plurality of RS sets, and the plurality of RS sets comprise the first RS set.

97. The UE according to any of claims 67-96, wherein the identifier comprises a synchronization signal block resource indicator (SSBRI) or a channel state information RS resource indicator (CRI).

98. The UE according to any of claims 67-97, wherein the configuration parameters are received by the UE in one or more messages.

99. The UE according to claim 98, wherein the one or more messages comprise one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages. too. A network element, comprising: one or more processors; and a non-transitory storage coupled to the one or more processors, wherein the storage contains instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause network element to perform: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), configuration parameters, the configuration parameters indicating: one or more reference signals (RSs) for beam measurements; a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; and a threshold value; transmitting, to the UE, a command activating one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states; receiving, at a network element, a beam measurement report in response to an event being fulfilled, wherein the fulfilled event is that a measured quality of at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of an RS associated with an activated TCI state, the activated TCI state being from the one or more TCI states, and wherein the beam measurement report comprises an identifier of the at least one RS; transmitting, to the UE, a confirmation message or an acknowledgment message for the beam measurement report; and updating the one or more TCI states with a first TCI state associated with the at least one RS. tot. The network element according to claim too, wherein updating the one or more TCI states with the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS, comprises replacing an activated TCI state from the one or more TCI states by the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS.

102. The network element according to claim 101, wherein replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state comprises deactivating the activated TCI state and activating the first TCI state.

103. The network element according to any of claims 100-102, wherein updating the one or more TCI states with the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS, comprises replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state w ith quasi co-located (QCL) RS(s) being the at least one RS, by the first TCI state with QCL RS(s) having QCL source RS being the at least one RS, or by the first TCI state with QCL RS(s) QCLed with the at least one RS.

104. The network element according to claim 103, wherein replacing the activated TCI state by the first TCI state comprises activating the first TCI state with the QCL RS(s) or QCL source RS being the at least one RS.

105. The network' element according to any of claims 100-104, further comprising deactivating the activated TCI state.

106. The network element according to any of claims 100-105, wherein the command activating the one or more TCI states from the plurality of TCI states comprises a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE).

107. The network element according to any of claims 100-106, wherein the confirmation message or the acknowledgement message further comprises one or more TCI state indications.

108. The network' element according to any of claims 100-107, w herein the RS associated with the activated TCI state is an RS associated with an activated TCI state with a worst quality.

109. The network element according to any of claims 100-108, wherein the netw ork element is at least one base station. no. The network element according to any of claims 100-109, wherein the RS associated with the activated TCI state comprises at least one of: the RS being a QCL RS of the activated TCI state, the RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the activated TCI state, or the RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the activated TCI state.

111. The network element according to any of claims 100-109, wherein the first TCI state associated with the at least one RS comprises at least one of: the at least one RS being a QCL RS of the first TCI state, the at least one RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the first TCI state, or the at least one RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the first TCI state.

112. The network element according to any of claims 100-111, wherein the confirmation message or the acknowledgment message does not include an instruction to sw itch TCI states.

113. The network element according to any of claims 100-112, wherein the fulfilled event that the measured quality of the at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of the RS associated with the activated TCI state comprises that a difference between a first physical layer (Li) reference signal received power (Li- RSRP) value of the at least one RS and a second Li-RSRP value of the RS associated with the activated TCI state is larger than the threshold value.

114. The network element according to any of claims 100-113, wherein the confirmation message or the acknowledgment message comprises at least one of: a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) scrambled by a beam confirmation radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) (BC-RNTI) ; a new data indicator (NDI) included in an uplink grant carried by a PDCCH; a PDCCH within a first search space; a MAC CE; an acknowledgment (ACK); or PDCCH carried by a search space being different from the first search space.

115. The network element according to any of claims 100-114, w herein the RS associated with the activated TCI state comprises the RS being a QCL RS of the activated TCI state, or the RS being a QCL source RS for the QCL RS of the activated TCI state.

116. The network element according to any of claims 100-115, wherein receiving the beam measurement report comprises receiving, in response to the event being fulfilled and via a first uplink (UL) channel, an indication for a second UL channel for reporting the beam measurement report.

117. A network element, comprising: one or more processors; and a non-transitory storage coupled to the one or more processors, wherein the storage contains instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause network element to perform: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), configuration parameters, the configuration parameters indicating: one or more reference signals (RSs) for beam measurements; a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; a time offset value; and a threshold value; receiving, in response to an event being fulfilled and via a first uplink (UL) channel, an indication for a second UL channel for reporting a beam measurement report, wherein the fulfilled event is that a measured quality of at least one RS of the one or more RSs becomes at least the threshold value better than that of an RS associated with a TCI state from the plurality of TCI states; and receiving, after the time offset value starting from an end of the first UL channel and via the second UL channel, the beam measurement report comprising an identifier of the at least one RS.

118. The network element according to claim 117, wherein the time offset value comprises at least one of: one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) symbols; one or more slots; one or more mini slots; or one or more subframes.

119. The network element according to claim 117 or 118, wherein the RS associated w ith the TCI state comprises at least one of: the RS being a quasi co-located (QCL) RS of the TCI state, the RS being a QCL source RS of the QCL RS of the TCI state, or the RS being QCLed with the QCL RS of the TCI state.

120. The network element according to any of claims 116-119, wherein the indication for the second UL channel comprises an indication of whether the second UL channel is transmitted.

121. The network element according to any of claims 116-120, wherein the first UL channel is a physical UL control channel (PUCCH), and wherein the second UL channel is a physical UL shared channel (PUSCH).

122. The network element according to any of claims 116-121, wherein receiving the indication via the first UL channel comprises receiving an uplink control information (UCI) via the first UL channel, wherein the UCI comprises a bitmap. 123- The network element according to claim 122, wherein a bit of the bitmap is associated with at least one of: an OFDMA symbol; a slot; a physical resource block (PRB); a sub-frame; an occasion; or a mini slot.

124. The network element according to claim 122 or 123, w herein the bit of the bitmap indicates that: uplink resources of the second UL channel are used in response to the bit being set to a first value; or uplink resources of the second UL channel are unused in response to the bit being set to a second value.

125. The network' element according claim 124, wherein the uplink resources of the second UL channel comprise at least one of: a buffer status or a buffer size for the beam measurement report; one or more OFDMA symbols; one or more slots; one or more PRBs; one or more sub-frames; one or more transmission occasions; or one or more mini slots.

126. The network element according to any of claims 100-125, wherein the beam measurement report further comprises one or more of:

Li-RSRP values for the one or more RSs;

Li signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (L1-SINR) values for the one or more RSs; one or more RS indexes or identifiers corresponding to one or more of the Li-RSRP values or the L1-SINR values; one or more identifiers or indexes of one or more candidate beams or new TCI states; or one or more Li-RSRP values or L1-SINR values of the one or more candidate beams or the new TCI states.

127. The network element according to any of claims 100-126, wherein the one or more RSs are from a first RS set.

128. The network element according to claim 127, w herein the configuration parameters indicate a plurality of RS sets, and the plurality of RS sets comprise the first RS set.

129. The network element according to any of claims 100-128, wherein the identifier comprises a synchronization signal block resource indicator (SSBRI) or a channel state information RS resource indicator (CRI).

130. The network element according to any of claims 100-129, wherein the configuration parameters are received by the UE in one or more messages.

131. The network element according to claim 130, wherein the one or more messages comprise one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages.

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