[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2025160991A1 - Dispositifs et procédés de transmission de nprach - Google Patents

Dispositifs et procédés de transmission de nprach

Info

Publication number
WO2025160991A1
WO2025160991A1 PCT/CN2024/075626 CN2024075626W WO2025160991A1 WO 2025160991 A1 WO2025160991 A1 WO 2025160991A1 CN 2024075626 W CN2024075626 W CN 2024075626W WO 2025160991 A1 WO2025160991 A1 WO 2025160991A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spreading
nprach
symbol
terminal device
domain multiplexing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/075626
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yue Zhou
Zonghui XIE
Gang Wang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NEC Corp
Original Assignee
NEC Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NEC Corp filed Critical NEC Corp
Priority to PCT/CN2024/075626 priority Critical patent/WO2025160991A1/fr
Publication of WO2025160991A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025160991A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
    • H04B1/7143—Arrangements for generation of hop patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/08—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by repeating transmission, e.g. Verdan system

Definitions

  • Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmissions..
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a non-terrestrial network refers to a network or segment of networks using radio frequency (RF) resources on board a satellite or unmanned aircraft system (UAS) platform.
  • RF radio frequency
  • UAS unmanned aircraft system
  • the NTN could provide ubiquitous and resilient wireless service beyond the terrestrial network coverage.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • 5G fifth generation
  • 6G sixth generation
  • a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, segmentation information for segmenting a plurality of repetitions of a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determine a segment interval based on the segmentation information; and perform, during transmission of the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, timing advance pre-compensation within a gap between two neighbouring segment intervals.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a terminal device, segmentation information for segmenting a plurality of repetitions of a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determine a segment interval based on the segmentation information; and perform reception of the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing from the terminal device based on the segment interval.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, information associated with whether a plurality of candidate carriers support a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determine a carrier from the plurality of candidate carriers based on the information; and transmit, to the network device, a NPRACH signal by performing the code domain multiplexing using a NPRACH resource on the determined carrier.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a terminal device, information associated with whether a plurality of candidate carriers support a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determine a carrier from the plurality of candidate carriers based on the information; and decode a NPRACH signal from the terminal device by performing code domain demultiplexing using a NPRACH resource on the determined carrier.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, a configuration indicating resources different for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing and a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing; if operating in a code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH, determine a NPRACH resource for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing based on the configuration; and transmit, to the network device, a NPRACH signal by performing the code domain multiplexing using the NPRACH resource.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a terminal device, a configuration indicating resources different for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing and a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing; determine a NPRACH resource for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing based on the configuration; and decode a NPRACH signal from the terminal device using the NPRACH resource, wherein the terminal device operates in a code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a communication method performed by a terminal device.
  • the method comprises: receiving, from a network device, segmentation information for segmenting a plurality of repetitions of a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determining a segment interval based on the segmentation information; and performing, during transmission of the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, timing advance pre-compensation within a gap between two neighbouring segment intervals.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a communication method performed by a network device.
  • the method comprises: transmitting, to a terminal device, segmentation information for segmenting a plurality of repetitions of a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determining a segment interval based on the segmentation information; and performing reception of the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing from the terminal device based on the segment interval.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a communication method performed by a terminal device.
  • the method comprises: receiving, from a network device, information associated with whether a plurality of candidate carriers support a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determining a carrier from the plurality of candidate carriers based on the information; and transmitting, to the network device, a NPRACH signal by performing the code domain multiplexing using a NPRACH resource on the determined carrier.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a communication method performed by a network device.
  • the method comprises: transmitting, to a terminal device, information associated with whether a plurality of candidate carriers support a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determining a carrier from the plurality of candidate carriers based on the information; and decoding a NPRACH signal from the terminal device by performing code domain demultiplexing using a NPRACH resource on the determined carrier.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a communication method performed by a terminal device.
  • the method comprises: receiving, from a network device, a configuration indicating resources different for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing and a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing; if operating in a code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH, determining a NPRACH resource for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing based on the configuration; and transmitting, to the network device, a NPRACH signal by performing the code domain multiplexing using the NPRACH resource.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a communication method performed by a network device.
  • the method comprises: transmitting, to a terminal device, a configuration indicating resources different for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing and a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing; determining a NPRACH resource for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing based on the configuration; and decoding a NPRACH signal from the terminal device using the NPRACH resource, wherein the terminal device operates in a code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: spread a plurality of narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) symbols based on a code domain multiplexing configuration and a spreading mode for a NPRACH, wherein the code domain multiplexing configuration indicates at least one of a spreading length, or a codebook index; and transmit, to a network device, a NPRACH signal based on the plurality of NPRACH symbols.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: receive, from the terminal device, a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) signal; and obtain a plurality of NPRACH symbols by de-spreading the NPRACH signal based on a code domain multiplexing configuration and a spreading code for NPRACH, wherein the code domain multiplexing configuration indicates at least one of a spreading length, or a codebook index.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a communication method performed by a terminal device.
  • the method comprises: spreading a plurality of narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) symbols based on a code domain multiplexing configuration and a spreading mode for a NPRACH, wherein the code domain multiplexing configuration indicates at least one of a spreading length, or a codebook index; and transmitting, to a network device, a NPRACH signal based on the plurality of NPRACH symbols.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a communication method performed by a network device.
  • the method comprises: receiving, from the terminal device, a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) signal; and obtaining a plurality of NPRACH symbols by de-spreading the NPRACH signal based on a code domain multiplexing configuration and a spreading code for NPRACH, wherein the code domain multiplexing configuration indicates at least one of a spreading length, or a codebook index.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, fifteenth or sixteenth aspect.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented
  • FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B illustrate schematic diagrams of non-terrestrial network scenarios with different payload types in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 illustrates different schemes for applying orthogonal codes
  • FIG. 4A illustrates examples of symbol groups for NPRACH
  • FIG. 4B illustrates an example hopping pattern in frequency domain
  • FIG. 5 illustrates example multiplexing schemes between different NPRACH coverage levels
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example flowchart of a portion of a random access procedure in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a signaling flow of a NPRACH transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 illustrates another signaling flow of a NPRACH transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a further signaling flow of a NPRACH transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 10A-10I illustrates schematic diagrams of spreading patterns in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a yet further signaling flow of a NPRACH transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 20 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • terminal device refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities.
  • the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure/network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
  • UE user equipment
  • the ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast/broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4/IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM.
  • SIM Subscriber Identity Module
  • the term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
  • network device refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate.
  • a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
  • NodeB Node B
  • eNodeB or eNB evolved NodeB
  • gNB next generation NodeB
  • TRP transmission reception point
  • RRU remote radio unit
  • RH radio head
  • RRH remote radio head
  • IAB node a low power node such as a fe
  • the terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
  • AI Artificial intelligence
  • Machine learning capability it generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
  • the terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed/unlicensed/shared spectrum.
  • FR1 e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz
  • FR2 e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz
  • THz Tera Hertz
  • the terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario.
  • MR-DC Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity
  • the terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
  • the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device.
  • One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node.
  • the first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) .
  • the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device.
  • the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB.
  • Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device.
  • first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
  • information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device.
  • Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
  • the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
  • the term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’
  • the term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’
  • the term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’
  • the term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’
  • the terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
  • values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
  • the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like.
  • a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
  • NRPACH with code domain multiplexing may refer to a NRACH with a preamble transmission performed by multiplexing in code domain.
  • CDM capable terminal device may refer to a terminal device with a capability for NPRACH with CDM, or in other words supporting NPRACH with CDM.
  • CDM capable terminal device may refer to a terminal device with a capability for NPRACH with CDM, or in other words supporting NPRACH with CDM.
  • some example embodiments may be described by taking a CDM capable UE as an example of the CDM capable terminal device.
  • the term “legacy terminal device” may refer to a terminal device without the capability for NPRACH with CDM. As such, a NPRACH transmission for the legacy terminal device is performed without CDM. In the following, some example embodiments may be described by taking a legacy UE as an example of the legacy terminal device.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
  • a network device 120 may a plurality of terminal devices 110-1, 110-2 and 110-3, which are collectively referred to as terminal devices 110 or individually referred to as a terminal device 110.
  • the terminal device 110 may be an UE and the network device 120 may be a base station serving the UE.
  • the communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implement example embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more additional devices may be deployed in the communication environment 100.
  • the communication between the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 may operate in a narrowband (NB) , for example in the case of NB IoT.
  • NB narrowband
  • a random access procedure may be performed over a NPRACH.
  • terminal device 110 operating as a UE
  • network device 120 operating as a gNB
  • operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device
  • operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other devices.
  • a link from the network device 120 to the terminal device 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL)
  • a link from the terminal device 110 to the network device 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL)
  • the network device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the terminal device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver)
  • the terminal device 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the network device 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) .
  • the terminal device 110 may perform uplink transmission with the network device 120, for example PUSCH transmission.
  • DMRS bundling may be needed for transmission occasions of the uplink transmission.
  • the communications in the communication environment 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-Evolution LTE-Advanced
  • NR New Radio
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network
  • MTC Machine Type Communication
  • Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
  • the communication environment 100 may be implemented in the NTN.
  • the NTN may have different payload types.
  • FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B illustrate schematic diagrams of NTN scenarios with different payload types.
  • the NTN of FIG. 2A is based on a transparent payload
  • the NTN of FIG. 2B is based on a regenerative payload.
  • a satellite or UAS platform may implement either a transparent or a regenerative (with on board processing) payload.
  • the satellite or UAS platform may generate beams (for example, typically generate several beams) over a given service area bounded by its field of view 260.
  • the footprints 250 of the beams are typically of an elliptic shape.
  • the field of view of a satellite or UAS platform depends on the on-board antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle. Table 1 shows some parameters for some example platforms.
  • an UE 210 may communicate with the satellite 220 or UAS platform through a service link, and the satellite 220 or UAS platform may communicate with a gateway 230 having connection with a data network 240 through a feeder link.
  • the satellite 220 or UAS platform may perform RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, therefore a waveform signal repeated by the payload may be unchanged.
  • the UE 210 may have a connection with the data network 240.
  • the round-trip time (RTT) in this case reflects the time for data to transmit from the UE 210 through the satellite 220 or UAS platform to a gNB (which is on the ground) .
  • the UE 210 may communicate with a satellite 220-1 or UAS platform through a service link.
  • the satellite 220-1 or UAS platform may communicate with a satellite 220-2 or UAS platform through Inter-Switch Link (ISL) , and the satellite 220-2 or UAS platform may communicate with the gateway 230 having a connection with the data network 240 through a feeder link. If ISL is not available, the satellite 220 or UAS platform may communicate with the gateway 230 having a connection with a data network 240 through a feeder link.
  • ISL Inter-Switch Link
  • the satellite 220-1 and 220-2 may perform RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation/decoding, switch and/or routing, and coding/modulation which is effectively equivalent to having all or part of base station (for example, gNB) functions on the satellite or UAS platform.
  • the UE 210 may have a connection with the data network 240.
  • the RTT in this case reflects the time for data to transmit from the UE 210 to the gNB (which is on the satellite or UAS platform) .
  • the Orthogonal Cover Code is a coding technique used in wireless communication systems to mitigate interference and improve overall system performance. OCC is particularly effective in scenarios where multiple UEs or devices are transmitting simultaneously, such as in cellular networks or wireless local area networks (WLANs) . Thus, OCC is a Code Domain Multiplexing (CDM) technique. In OCC, there may be two types of basic operations: spreading of the modulation symbols and multiplexing of the orthogonal codes.
  • orthogonal codes refer to sets of binary sequences that have desirable properties. These codes have the property that their inner product is zero, except when two identical sequences are multiplied together, in which case the inner product is equal to the length of the sequence.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates different schemes for applying orthogonal codes.
  • a scheme in which the OCC is applied in time domain (TD) is referred to as TD-CDM.
  • a scheme in which the OCC is applied in frequency domain (FD) is referred to as FD-CDM, for example, the pattern shown as “FD-CDM2” in FIG. 3.
  • a scheme in which the OCC is applied in both TD and FD is referred to as FD-TD-CDM, for example the pattern shown as “FD2-TD2-CDM4” in FIG. 3 and the pattern shown as “FD2-TD4-CDM8” in FIG. 3.
  • OCC may be used for a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) multiplexing to provide additional DM-RS ports.
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • DM-RS demodulation reference signal
  • the waveform may be Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC FDMA) , which benefits the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and results in good coverage.
  • SC FDMA Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access
  • the NPRACH may be of single tone with a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of 3.75 kHz and a Cyclic Prefix (CP) of 66.7 us or 266.7us.
  • SCS subcarrier spacing
  • CP Cyclic Prefix
  • the NPRACH transmission may include a plurality of preamble repetitions.
  • the number of preamble repetitions may be one in the set ⁇ 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 ⁇ .
  • Each preamble repetition may contain P symbol groups, each of which may contain one CP and N symbols.
  • FIG. 4A shows an example symbol group 410 and another example symbol group 420. These two symbol groups have the same number of symbols but different CP lengths.
  • the NPRACH may be configured with hopping in frequency domain, which is also referred to as frequency hopping.
  • FIG. 4B shows an example pattern of frequency hopping for preamble format 0 /1 in frame structure type 1.
  • the frequency hopping may include level 1 hopping, which is hopping of one subcarrier between the 1 st symbol group 401 and 2 nd symbol group 402, and between the 3 rd symbol group 403 and 4 th symbol group 404.
  • the frequency hopping may include level 2 hopping, which is hopping of 6 subcarriers between the 2 nd symbol group 402 and 3 rd symbol group 403.
  • the frequency hopping may include level 3 hopping, which is hopping within 12 contiguous subcarriers between repetitions in a pseudo-random fashion.
  • the NPRACH may have different coverage levels, for example, coverage level 0, coverage level 1 and coverage level 2.
  • System information block (SIB) for example SIB2 may indicate resources for different coverage levels.
  • FIG. 5 shows example multiplexing schemes between different NPRACH coverage levels. Specifically, FIG. 5 shows a TDM scheme 510, an FDM scheme 520 and a TDM and FDM scheme 530. In some cases, for every 64 repetitions, there is a UL gap of 40 ms.
  • NB-IoT NTN is already being deployed live currently.
  • IoT-NTN in particular NB-IoT
  • NB-IoT will have to support massive capacity in terms of number and types of UEs, some of which with worse characteristics than others (e.g. low cost devices, wearables, etc) .
  • more than one UEs may transmit random access preambles to the network by using the same physical resources or overlapped physical resources. In these cases, the network would have to distinguish the preambles from different UEs.
  • An objective is to support capacity enhancements for uplink, for example enhancements to enable multiplexing of multiple UEs (e.g. up to the min of 4 and the maximum allowed by the existing UL and DL signalling) in a single 3.75 kHz or 15 kHz subcarrier via OCC for NPUSCH format 1 and NPRACH. Multi-tone support for 15 kHz SCS should also be considered.
  • the example embodiments of the present disclosure propose a solution for UL capacity enhancement, in particular for NPRACH enhancement.
  • preamble transmission from a terminal device to a network device is performed based on CDM.
  • a coverage level for NPRACH with CDM may be determined. For example, one of the coverage level 0, coverage level 1 and coverage level 2 may be selected.
  • a NPRACH resource and a preamble index may be determined.
  • the NPRACH resource may be determined based on the coverage level.
  • the spreading mode may be determined.
  • the spreading mode may specify a spreading code type.
  • the spreading code type may indicate a type of codes to be applied by different terminal devices for the CDM.
  • the spreading mode may specify OCC.
  • the spreading mode may include one or more parameters for defining a spreading pattern.
  • the spreading mode may specify a spreading unit.
  • the spreading unit may indicate a unit of symbols on which the same spreading code is applied.
  • the spreading unit may have a size of one or more symbols, and the corresponding spreading is also referred to symbol-level spreading.
  • the spreading unit may have a size of a symbol group, and the corresponding spreading is also referred to as symbol group-level spreading.
  • the spreading unit may have a size of a preamble repetition (for example, a preamble repetition for NPRACH without CDM) , and the corresponding spreading is also referred to as a repetition-level spreading.
  • the spreading unit may have a size of multiple symbol groups, and the corresponding spreading is also referred to as multi-symbol group-level spreading.
  • the spreading mode may specify a frequency hopping mode, which defines a hopping pattern in frequency domain.
  • the spreading mode may specify a codebook index hopping mode, which defines an interval in time domain for hopping the codebook index.
  • the spreading mode may specify a spreading order, which defines an order of different levels of spreading, for example, the symbol-level spreading, the symbol group-level spreading and the repetition-level spreading.
  • the multiple terminal devices served by a network device may include terminal devices supporting NPRACH with CDM and legacy terminal devices not supporting NPRACH with CDM. Therefore, how to support the coexistence of terminal devices with different capabilities is a problem to be solved.
  • a NPRACH resource configuration solution is provided to support coexisting of NPRACH with CDM and NPRACH without CDM. In this way, the network can support terminal devices operating in a CDM mode for NPRACH and operating in a non-CDM mode for NPRACH to access the network simultaneously.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a signaling flow 700 of a NPRACH transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the signaling flow 700 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the terminal device 110 and the network device 120. It is to be understood that although one terminal device 110 is illustrated in FIG. 7, the signal flow 700 may involves a plurality of terminal devices.
  • the network device 120 may transmit (710) a NPRACH configuration indicating resources different for a NPRACH with CDM and a NPRACH without CDM.
  • the network device 120 may configure separate resources for the NPRACH with CDM and NPRACH without CDM.
  • the NRPACH configuration may be transmitted in SIB or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order.
  • a resource for the NPRACH with CDM may be referred to as CDM resource and a resource for the NPRACH without CDM may be referred as non-CDM resource. It is to be noted that since CDM is applied, the CDM resources for different CDM capable terminal devices can be at least partially overlapped with each other.
  • the CDM resource and the non-CDM resource may be different from each other in time domain. In some embodiments, the CDM resource and the non-CDM resource may be different from each other in frequency domain. Such embodiments will be described below in detail.
  • the terminal device 110 may receive (715) the NPRACH configuration from the network device 120. If operating in the CDM mode for NPRACH, the terminal device 110 may determine (720) the NPRACH resource for the NPRACH with CDM based on the NPRACH configuration. Then, the terminal device 110 may transmit (730) a NPRACH signal by performing the CDM using the NPRACH resource. In contrast, a terminal device operating in the non-CDM mode for NPRACH (for example, a legacy terminal device) may perform the preamble transmission by using the non-CDM resource.
  • whether operating in the CDM mode for NPRACH may depend on the capability of the terminal device 110.
  • a terminal device with the capability for NPRACH with CDM may operate in the CDM mode
  • another terminal device without the capability for NPRACH with CDM for example, a legacy terminal device
  • whether operating in the CDM mode for NPRACH may depend on an indication from the network device 120.
  • the network device 120 may transmit to the terminal device 110 an indication of a network busyness degree. If the indication indicates that the network is busy, the terminal device 110 may determine to operate in the CDM mode so as to increase the possibility of successful access to the network device 120.
  • the network device 120 may transmit to the terminal device 110 an indication to enable the CDM mode for NPRACH. For example, the network device 120 may require the terminal devices with the capability for NPRACH with CDM to operate in the CDM mode. If such an indication is received from the network device 120, the terminal device 110 may determine to operate in the CDM mode.
  • the network device 120 may determine (725) the NPRACH resource for the NPRACH with CDM based on the NPRACH configuration.
  • the network device 120 may receive (735) the NPRACH signal from the terminal device 110 and may decode (740) the NPRACH signal from the terminal device 110 by performing code domain demultiplexing using the NPRACH resource. Since CDM is applied, preambles from different terminal devices operating in the CDM modes can be transmitted over at least partially overlapped resources and the network device 120 may distinguish these preambles by code domain demultiplexing.
  • the network device 120 may perform preamble reception by using the non-CDM resource. In this way, by checking on which resource the preamble from a terminal device is received, the network device may know the operating mode of the terminal device. For example, the network device may know whether the terminal device support the NPRACH with CDM.
  • the legacy UE may access the network through the non-CDM resource and the base station may detect the preamble from the legacy UE in the non-CDM resource and transmit the response in case of successful detection.
  • the CDM capable UE may access the network through the CDM resources.
  • the NRAPCH may be spread and transmitted as the network indicated.
  • the base station may de-spread and detect the overlapped NPRACH signals from multi-terminals, and transmit the response in case of successful detection.
  • the terminal device may report its operating mode to the network device.
  • the terminal device may report its capability on whether support NPRACH code-domain multiplexing through MSG1 or MSGA signature.
  • the terminal device 110 may report its CDM capability to the network device 120.
  • the terminal device 110 may explicitly report its CDM capability for NPRACH in the connected mode.
  • the network device 120 may use the capability information for subsequent communication, for example for contention free random access (CFRA) .
  • CFRA contention free random access
  • the CDM capability may be reported in a UE-Capability-NB field, which defines whether a terminal device supports using OCC or other codes to spread the NPRACH transmission.
  • Table 2 shows an example field.
  • the terminal device 110 may report whether it supports using OCC to spread the NPRACH transmission.
  • Table 3 shows another example field.
  • the terminal device 110 may report whether it supports using codes to spread the NPRACH transmission.
  • the CDM resources and the non-CDM resources may be different from each other in time domain.
  • the NPRACH configuration may indicate one or more first coverage levels for the NPRACH without CDM (which may be referred to as legacy coverage level) and one or more second coverage levels for the NPRACH with CDM (which may be referred to as CDM coverage levels) . Accordingly, the NPRACH resource may be determined based on a second coverage level of the one or more second coverage levels.
  • the base station may configure and indicate separate enhanced coverage levels for the CDM capable UEs and the legacy UE.
  • the legacy UE may access the network through the NPRACH resources corresponding to the legacy coverage levels.
  • the CDM capable UEs may access the network through the NPRACH resources corresponding to the CDM coverage levels.
  • the NPRACH may be spread and transmitted as the network indicated.
  • the base station may detect the NPRACH from the legacy UE in the NPRACH resources corresponding to the legacy coverage levels and transmit the response in case of successful detection.
  • the base station may de-spread and detect the overlapped NPRACH signals from multiple CDM capable UEs in the NPRACH resources corresponding to the CDM coverage levels, and transmit the response in case of successful detection.
  • the NPRACH configuration may include a list of reference signal received power (RSRP) thresholds. At least one RSRP threshold in a first range of the list may indicate the one or more legacy coverage levels, and zero or more RSRP thresholds in a second range of the list may indicate the one or more CDM coverage levels. The second range is different from the first range.
  • the first X RSRP thresholds in the list may indicate the legacy coverage levels, where X is a positive integer, for example two.
  • the subsequent RSRP threshold (s) in the list after the first X RSRP thresholds may indicate the CDM coverage levels.
  • the first three coverage levels may be used for the legacy UEs, and the second three coverage levels may be used for the CDM capable UEs.
  • the base station may configure the parameter “RSRP-ThresholdsPrachInfoList” with a list size larger than two.
  • the first two RSRP thresholds in RSRP-ThresholdsPrachInfoList may be used to determine the first three coverage levels for legacy UEs and the following RSRP thresholds may be used to determine the coverage level for CDM capable UEs.
  • the NPRACH configuration may include a first group of RSRP thresholds listed in a predefined order and a second group of RSRP thresholds appended to the first group of RSRP thresholds without satisfying the predefined order.
  • the first group of RSRP thresholds may indicate the one or more legacy coverage levels and the second group of RSRP thresholds may indicate the one or more CDM coverage levels.
  • violation of the predefined order may indicate a change from the RSRP thresholds for the legacy coverage levels to the RSRP thresholds for the CDM coverage levels.
  • the predefined order may be a descending order.
  • the first X RSRP thresholds is listed in the descending order and the (X+1) th RSRP threshold violates the descending order.
  • the first X RSRP thresholds may be used to determine the legacy coverage level and the (X+1) th RSRP threshold and subsequent RSRP thresholds may be used to determine the CDM coverage level.
  • the network may configure the parameter “RSRP-ThresholdsPrachInfoList” with two groups and each group lists the thresholds in descending order.
  • the second group is appended to the first group.
  • the first group may be used for the legacy UEs and the second group may be used for the CDM capable UEs.
  • the legacy UEs only use the RSRP thresholds in the descending order within the list to determine the number of enhanced coverage levels (for example, the level number is equal to one plus the threshold number) .
  • the CDM capable UEs may use the RSRP thresholds since the threshold first breaking the descending order to determine the number of enhanced coverage levels for the NPRACH with CDM.
  • the level number is equal to one plus the threshold number.
  • the NPRACH configuration may include a first list of RSRP thresholds for the NPRACH without CDM and a second list of RSRP thresholds for the NPRACH with CDM.
  • the first list of RSRP thresholds indicates the one or more legacy coverage levels
  • the second list of RSRP thresholds indicates the one or more CDM coverage levels.
  • a parameter dedicated for the NPRACH without CDM may be used to indicate the legacy coverage levels
  • a parameter dedicated for the NPRACH with CDM may be used to indicate the CDM coverage levels.
  • the network may configure the CDM coverage levels for CDM capable UEs with a new signaling, e.g. a parameter “RSRP-ThresholdsPrachInfoList-r19” .
  • the legacy UE may read the legacy RSRP-ThresholdPrachInforList
  • the CDM capable UE may read the new parameter “RSRP-ThresholdsPrachInfoList-r19” .
  • the NPRACH configuration may indicate a first starting time for the NPRACH without CDM and a second starting time for the NPRACH with CDM.
  • the NPRACH resource may be determined based on the second starting time.
  • the network device 120 may configure separate starting times (for example, the parameter “nprach-StartTime” ) for the NPRACH with CDM and the NPRACH without CDM.
  • the network may configure and indicate the legacy parameter “nprach-StartTime” for the NPRACH without CDM and a new parameter “nprach-StartTime-r19” for the NPRACH with CDM.
  • the legacy UE may access the network through the NPRACH resources following the legacy parameter “nprach-StartTime” and the CDM capable UE may access the network through the NPRACH resources following the parameter “nprach-StartTime-r19” .
  • the NPRACH can be spread and transmitted as the network indicated.
  • the network may detect the NPRACH signal from the legacy UE in the NPRACH resources following the legacy parameter “nprach-StartTime” and transmit the response if in case of successful detection.
  • the network may de-spread and detect the overlapped NPRACH signals from multiple CDM capable UEs in the NPRACH resources following the parameter “nprach-StartTime-r19” , and transmit the response in the case of successful detection.
  • the parameter “nprach-StartTime-r19” may include values such as ms8, ms16, ms32, ms64, ms128, ms256, ms512, ms1024, ms2048 and etc.
  • the CDM resources and the non- CDM resources may be different from each other in frequency domain.
  • the NPRACH configuration may include a first frequency resource indication for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and a second frequency resource indication for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the NPRACH resource may be determined based on the second frequency resource indication.
  • the network device 120 may configure separate subcarriers for the NPRACH without CDM and NPRACH with CDM.
  • the first and second frequency indications may be separate subcarrier parameters.
  • the second frequency indication may include a frequency location of the first subcarrier allocated to the NPRACH with CDM, for example, a new subcarrier parameter “nprach-SubcarrierOffset-r19” .
  • the second frequency indication may include a number of starting subcarriers allocated to the NPRACH with CDM, for example, a new subcarrier parameter “nprach-NumCBRA-StartSubcarriers-r19” .
  • start subcarrier indices that the terminal device 110 is allowed to randomly select from may be given by: nprach-SubcarrierOffset-r19 + [0, nprach-NumCBRA-StartSubcarriers-r19 -1] .
  • the network may configure and indicate separate NPRACH subcarriers for the CDM capable UEs starting from the subcarrier as indicated by the new subcarrier parameter “nprach-SubcarrierOffset-r19” and for the legacy UEs starting from the subcarrier as indicated by the legacy subcarrier parameter “nprach-SubcarrierOffset-r14/r15/r16/r17/r18” .
  • the legacy UE may access the network through the NRACH resources following the legacy subcarrier parameter
  • the CDM capable UEs may access the network through NPRACH resources following the new subcarrier parameter “nprach-SubcarrierOffset-r19” .
  • the NPRACH may be spread and transmitted as the network indicated.
  • the network may detect the NPRACH from the legacy UE in the NPRACH resources following the legacy subcarrier parameter “nprach-SubcarrierOffset” and transmit the response in the case of successful detection.
  • the network may de-spread and detect the overlapped NPRACH signals from multiple CDM capable UEs in the NPRACH resources following the new subcarrier parameter “nprach-SubcarrierOffset-r19” , and transmit the response in the case of successful detection.
  • terminal devices of a new release comprise terminal devices with the CDM capability and terminal devices without the CDM capability.
  • the subcarriers may be partitioned for the terminal devices with the CDM capability and the terminal devices without the CDM capability.
  • a parameter indicating a range of subcarrier which may be also referred to as a subcarrier range parameter, may be used to indicate the separate subcarriers for the NPRACH with CDM and the NPRACH without CDM.
  • the subcarrier range parameter may include a parameter “nprach-SubcarrierOCC-RangeStart” , a parameter “nprach-SubcarrierCodeDomainMultiplexing-RangeStart” , or a parameter “nprach-SubcarrierCDM-RangeStart” .
  • the network may configure and indicate separate NPRACH subcarrier partitions (e.g. through the subcarrier range parameter as described above) for the UEs with CDM capability and the UEs without CDM capability.
  • the subcarrier partition for the UEs with CDM capability may be referred to as CDM subcarrier partition and the subcarrier partition for the UEs without CDM capability may be referred to as non-CDM subcarrier partition.
  • the UEs without CDM capability may access the network through the NPRACH resources in the non-CDM subcarrier partition.
  • the UEs with CDM capability may access the network through the NPRACH resources in the CDM subcarrier partition.
  • the NPRACH may be spread and transmitted as the network indicated.
  • the network may detect the NPRACH from the UEs without CDM capability in the NPRACH resources in the non-CDM subcarrier partition, and transmit the response in the case of successful detection.
  • the network may de-spread and detect the overlapped NPRACH signals from multiple UEs with the CDM capability in the NPRACH resources in the CDM subcarrier partition, and transmit the response in the case of successful detection.
  • Example derivation of the non-CDM subcarrier partition and CDM subcarrier partition is now described by taking the parameter “nprach-SubcarrierOCC-RangeStart” as an example.
  • nprach-SubcarrierOCC-RangeStart Fraction for calculating the starting subcarrier index of the range reserved for indication of UE support for code domain multiplexing transmission, within the NPRACH resource, see TS 36.211, clause 10.1.6.
  • Code domain multiplexing transmission may be not supported for some particular repetition numbers of NPRACH.
  • the value of nprach-SubcarrierOCC-RangeStart should not be 0.
  • nprach-SubcarrierOCC-RangeStart is equal to zero, no start subcarrier index for the non-CDM subcarrier partition is allocated and the start subcarrier indexes for the CDM subcarrier partition are given by the equation of nprach-SubcarrierOffset + [0, nprach-NumCBRA-StartSubcarriers -1] .
  • nprach-SubcarrierOCC-RangeStart is equal to X which is larger than 0 and smaller than 1
  • the start subcarrier indexes for the two partitions are given by: nprach-SubcarrierOffset + [0, FLOOR (nprach-NumCBRA-StartSubcarriers *nprach-SubcarrierOCC-RangeStart) -1] for the non-CDM subcarrier partition; nprach-SubcarrierOffset + [FLOOR (nprach-NumCBRA-StartSubcarriers *nprach-SubcarrierOCC-RangeStart) , nprach-NumCBRA-StartSubcarriers -1] for the CDM subcarrier partition.
  • nprach-SubcarrierOCC-RangeStart is equal to one
  • the start subcarrier indexes for the non-CDM subcarrier partition are given by nprach-SubcarrierOffset + [0, nprach-NumCBRA-StartSubcarriers -1] and no start subcarrier index for the CDM subcarrier partition is allocated.
  • the network device 120 may configure and indicate dedicated NPRACH resources for the CDM capable UE.
  • the dedicated NPRACH resources may be indicated through a PDCCH order (such as DCI format N1) , by the medium access control (MAC) sublayer itself or by the radio resource control (RRC) sublayer.
  • MAC medium access control
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the NPRACH configuration may include an index of a random access preamble for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the NPRACH resource may be determined based on the random access preamble for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the parameter “ra-PreambleIndex” may be configured and indicated to the CDM capable UEs.
  • the CDM capable UE may access the network through the NPRACH resources following the parameter ra-PreambleIndex indicated by the network.
  • the network may de-spread and detect the overlapped NPRACH signals from multiple CDM capable UEs in the NPRACH resources following the parameter ra-PreambleIndex, and transmit the response in the case of successful detection.
  • the network can support terminal devices with CDM capability and without CDM capability to access the network simultaneously. Furthermore, random access of the legacy terminal device would not be impacted.
  • the network device may provide multiple carriers including an anchor carrier and at least one non-anchor carrier to terminal devices. These carriers may include carriers supporting NPRACH with CDM and carriers not supporting NPRACH with CDM. In this event, how to ensure the terminal device operating in the CDM mode to access the network through a carrier supporting the NPRACH with CDM is to be solved. In some embodiments, a solution regarding how to configure different carriers for the terminal device is provided. In this way, the terminal device operating in the CDM mode can select a carrier supporting the NPRACH with CDM and access to the network through such a carrier would have a higher successful possibility.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a signaling flow 800 of a NPRACH transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the signaling flow 800 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the terminal device 110 and the network device 120. It is to be understood that although one terminal device 110 is illustrated in FIG. 8, the signal flow 800 may involves a plurality of terminal devices.
  • the network device 120 may transmit (810) information associated with whether a plurality of candidate carriers support a NPRACH with CDM, which is also referred to as carrier information.
  • the carrier information may be transmitted via SIB, for example SIB2.
  • the carrier information may include an indication of whether each candidate carrier of the plurality of candidate carriers support the NPRACH with CDM.
  • the carrier information may include respective weights for at least a set of candidate carriers of the plurality of candidate carriers.
  • the terminal device 110 may receive (815) the carrier information from the network device 120 and may determine (820) a carrier from the plurality of candidate carriers based on the received carrier information.
  • the determined carrier may be also referred to as “target carrier” for purpose of description without any limitation.
  • the terminal device 110 may transmit (830) , to the network device 120, a NPRACH signal by performing the CDM using a NPRACH resource on the target carrier. Accordingly, the network device 120 may determine (825) the target carrier and receive (835) the NPRACH signal using the NPRACH resource on the target carrier and decode (840) the NPRACH signal by performing the code domain demultiplexing.
  • the approach for the terminal device 110 to determine the target carrier from the plurality of candidate carriers may depend on the carrier information.
  • the carrier information may include an indication of one or more candidate carriers of the plurality of candidate carriers supporting the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 which carriers support the NPRACH with CDM.
  • the respective selection probabilities may be determined for the plurality of candidate carriers.
  • the selection probability for each of the one or more candidate carriers is increased with respect to a reference probability.
  • the selection probability for that carrier may be increased with respect to the reference probability.
  • the selection probability may be increased by multiplexing a constant (with a value larger than 1) to the reference probability or adding a constant (with a value larger than 0) to the reference probability.
  • a selection probability for each of other candidate carriers than the one or more candidate carriers is decreased with respect to a reference probability for the candidate carrier.
  • the selection probability may be decreased by multiplexing a constant (with a value smaller than 1 and larger than 0) to the reference probability or subtracting a constant (with a value larger than 0) to the reference probability.
  • the mentioned constant may be predefined or configured by the network.
  • the constant may be related or proportional to the busyness to the network.
  • the reference probabilities for an anchor carrier and a non-anchor carrier are different.
  • the reference probability for the anchor carrier may be a selection probability configured by the network device 120, for example, as indicated by the parameter “nprach-ProbabilityAnchor” .
  • the reference probability for the non- anchor carrier may be a probability determined based on the selection probability configured by the network device 120 for the anchor carrier and a number of non-anchor carriers. For example, the probability may be derived by (1-nprach-ProbabilityAnchor) / (the number of non-anchor NPRACH resources) .
  • the terminal device 110 may select the anchor carrier supporting the NPRACH with CDM as a function of (nprach-ProbabilityAnchor) .
  • the function may enlarge the selection probability by multiplexing a constant (with a value larger than 1) or adding a constant (with a value larger than 0) to the parameter nprach-ProbabilityAnchor.
  • the terminal device 110 may select the non-anchor carrier supporting the NPRACH with CDM as a function of (1-nprach-ProbabilityAnchor) / (the number of non-anchor NPRACH resources) .
  • the function may enlarge the selection probability by multiplexing a constant (with a value larger than 1) or adding a constant (with a value larger than 0) to (1-nprach-ProbabilityAnchor) / (the number of non-anchor NPRACH resources) .
  • the mentioned constant may be predefined or configured by the network.
  • the constant may be related or proportional to the busyness to the network.
  • the terminal device 110 may select the anchor carrier not supporting the NPRACH with CDM as a function of (nprach-ProbabilityAnchor) .
  • the function may lower the selection probability by multiplexing a constant (with a value smaller than 1 and larger than 0) or subtracting a constant (with a value larger than 0) to the parameter nprach-ProbabilityAnchor.
  • the terminal device 110 may select the non-anchor carrier not supporting the NPRACH with CDM as a function of (1-nprach-ProbabilityAnchor) / (the number of non-anchor NPRACH resources) .
  • the function may lower the selection probability by multiplexing a constant (with a value smaller than 1 and larger than 0) or subtracting a constant (with a value larger than 0) to (1-nprach-ProbabilityAnchor) / (the number of non-anchor NPRACH resources) .
  • the mentioned constant may be predefined or configured by the network.
  • the constant may be related or inproportional to the busyness to the network.
  • the network can have full control to configure the new terminal devices to perform transmission of the PRACH in the anchor-carrier or a specific non-anchor carrier.
  • the network can schedule the legacy terminal devices and new terminal devices in separated carriers to enhance the successful rate of random access.
  • the carrier information may include respective weights for a set of candidate carriers of the plurality of candidate carriers including the anchor carrier and one or more non-anchor carriers. In some embodiments, the carrier information may include respective weights for all the plurality of candidate carriers. Accordingly, the weight for a carrier may be determined based on whether the carrier support the NPRACH with CDM. For example, the weight for a carrier supporting the NPRACH with CDM may be larger than the weight for a carrier not supporting the NPRACH with CDM. In such embodiments, the target carrier may be determined based on the respective weights.
  • the set of candidate carriers may support the NPRACH with CDM.
  • the network device 120 may configure the respective weights for the carriers supporting the NPRACH with CDM.
  • the network device 120 may not configure a weight for the carrier not supporting the NPRACH with CDM, or configure a weight with a value of zero for the carrier not supporting the NPRACH with CDM.
  • the target carrier may be determined based on a relationship between the respective weights and a function of the identification of the terminal device 110 (such as UE_ID) . For example, a carrier among the set of the candidate carriers with the smallest index fulfilling the relationship may be determined as the target carrier.
  • the function may be based on the identification of the terminal device 110 and a predefined constant. For example, an operation of division, plus, minus or modulo may be performed between the identification of the terminal device 110 and the predefined constant.
  • the function may be based on the identification of the terminal device and a frame associated with the NPRACH with CDM.
  • the associated frame may be a frame in which the respective weights are received or a frame in which the NPRACH signal is to be transmitted.
  • an operation of division, plus, minus or modulo may be performed between the identification of the terminal device 110 and the frame number of the associated frame, such as system frame number (SFN) .
  • SFN system frame number
  • the network may indicate the NPRACH weights (W) of each carrier of the set of candidate carriers according to whether the carriers support code domain multiplexing NPRACH. Then, the NPRACH carrier may be determined as the carrier with the smallest index n (0 ⁇ n ⁇ Nn-1) fulfilling the following equation: floor (f (UE_ID) ) mod G ⁇ W (0) + W (1) + ...+ W (n) (1)
  • Nn is the totally number of carriers in the set of candidate carriers
  • W (0) is the weight of the anchor carrier if the anchor carrier supports the NPRACH with CDM
  • UE_ID is the identification of the UE, which may be determined based on a 5G-S-TMSI, e.g., 5G-S-TMSI mod 4096 or 5G-S-TMSI mod 1024, or based on network configuration
  • G may be the total weights for all the carriers or the totally number of carriers Nn.
  • the function f may be a function related to UE_ID and the frame number of the associated frame.
  • f (UE_ID , frame number) UE_ID/SFN.
  • the division operation “/” may be replaced by the plus operation “+” , the minus operation “-” or the modulo operation “mod” .
  • a carrier capable of CDM can have a higher probability to be selected by a terminal device supporting NPRACH with CDM.
  • the network device 120 may transmit to the terminal device 110 information indicating a carrier supporting the NPRACH with CDM.
  • the terminal device 110 may transmit, to the network device 120, a NPRACH signal by performing the CDM using a NPRACH resource on the indicated carrier.
  • the network device 120 may decode the NPRACH signal from the terminal device 120 by performing code domain demultiplexing using a NPRACH resource on the indicated carrier.
  • the network device 120 is aware of the capability of the terminal device 110 for the NPRACH with CDM, for example, through the transmission of the preamble or explicit capability reporting.
  • the network device 120 may indicate, the terminal device 110, of a carrier supporting the NRPACH CDM in a PDCCH order.
  • the network device 120 may group the multiple terminal devices based on their capabilities.
  • the network device 120 may indicate the carrier supporting the NPRACH CDM to each group of terminal devices with the capability of NPRACH with CDM.
  • NPRACH transmission may include multiple preamble repetitions, and a preamble repetition may include a plurality of symbol groups, which in turn includes a plurality of symbols.
  • a mode for spreading the codes is needed to specify the behavior of the terminal device.
  • a solution regarding the modes for spreading the plurality of spreading codes is provided. In this way, flexible multiplexing configurations for NPRACHs from multi-user overlapped transmission can be achieved and the capacity, spectral efficiency, Block Error Rate (BLER) , and throughput performance can be improved.
  • BLER Block Error Rate
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a signaling flow 900 of a NPRACH transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the signaling flow 900 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the terminal device 110 and the network device 120. It is to be understood that although one terminal device 110 is illustrated in FIG. 9, the signal flow 900 may involves a plurality of terminal devices.
  • the terminal device 110 may spread (920) a plurality of NPRACH symbols based on a CDM configuration and a spreading mode for NPRACH.
  • the CDM configuration may indicate at least one of a spreading length or a codebook index.
  • the codebook index may indicate a codebook to use.
  • the spreading length may indicate how many terminal devices can be distinguished from each other by the CDM.
  • the spreading length may be used to determine the codebook length of each code book, or the number of spreading codes to be applied.
  • the CDM configuration may be determined and indicated by the network device 120, or may be predefined, or may be partially indicated by the network device 120 or partially predefined.
  • the spreading mode may specify the spreading code type, for example, OCC.
  • the spreading mode may specify the spreading unit, for example, the symbol-level spreading, the symbol group-level spreading, multi-symbol group-level spreading, or a repetition level spreading.
  • the spreading mode may specify at least one of the frequency hopping mode, the codebook index hopping mode, the spreading order, as described above with reference to FIG. 6.
  • the spreading mode may be determined and indicated by the network device 120, or may be predefined, or may be partially indicated by the network device 120 or partially predefined.
  • the network device 120 may indicate the at least one portion via a PDCCH order and/or an SIB. If a parameter of the CDM configuration and/or the spreading mode has a predefined value and the network device 120 indicates another value of the parameter to the terminal device 110, the terminal device 110 may use the indicated value instead of the predefined value.
  • the terminal device 110 may transmit (930) , to the network device 120, a NPRACH signal based on the plurality of NPRACH symbols.
  • the network device 120 may receive (935) the NPRACH signal from the terminal device 110.
  • the network device 120 may obtain (940) the plurality of NPRACH symbols by de-spreading the NPRACH signal based on the CDM configuration and the spreading mode. For example, the network may de-spread and detect the overlapped NPRACH signals from multiple CDM capable UEs in the NPRACH resources following the spreading mode, spreading length, codebook index, then transmit the response in the case of successful detection.
  • the spreading mode may define a spreading pattern.
  • a preamble repetition for a NPRACH without CDM may be referred to as a first preamble repetition or a legacy preamble repetition.
  • a preamble repetition for a NPRACH with CDM may be referred to as a second preamble repetition or a CDM preamble repetition.
  • the first number, denoted by S may be equal to the spreading length as indicated by the CDM configuration.
  • the second number, denoted by P may be equal to the number of symbol groups in one legacy preamble repetition.
  • the third number, denoted by N may be equal to the number of symbols in one symbol group.
  • a repetition level spreading may be employed, for example as indicated by the network device 120 or as predefined.
  • NPRACH symbols in the same legacy preamble repetition are applied with the same spreading code.
  • the spreading mode may indicate a spreading unit with a size of the legacy preamble repetition.
  • the first number of spreading codes may be determined based on the CDM configuration. The first number of spreading codes may be applied to the first number of preamble repetitions, respectively.
  • the NPRACH symbols are spread in the unit of P symbol groups.
  • the P symbol groups may be transmitted for S times.
  • Each transmission of the P symbol groups may be applied with one code from the corresponding codebook sequentially.
  • the CDM preamble repetition may have a same size as the legacy preamble repetition.
  • the total number of symbol groups in the CDM preamble repetition may be equal to the second number P.
  • the total NPRACH symbol groups to be transmitted is FLOOR (Repetition Number/S) *P*S.
  • the repetition number configuration may be used for both NPRACH without CDM and NPRACH with CDM.
  • FIG. 10A shows such an example, each of the CDM preamble repetitions #0 to #11 has P symbol groups, which are 4 symbol groups in this example.
  • regular frequency hopping may be performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping may be performed every symbol groups with a number of a product of the first number and the second number.
  • the regular frequency hopping may correspond to the level 1 hopping or the level 2 hopping as described above
  • the pseudo frequency hopping may correspond to the level 3 frequency hopping as described above.
  • the regular frequency hopping occurs between adjacent symbol group within a CDM preamble repetition
  • the pseudo frequency hopping occurs every P*S symbol groups, which are 16 symbol groups in this example.
  • the CDM preamble repetition may have a different size from the legacy preamble repetition.
  • the total number of symbol groups in the CDM preamble repetition may be equal to a product of the first number S and the second number P.
  • the total NPRACH symbol groups to be transmitted is Repetition Number *P *S.
  • the network device 120 may schedule the NPRACH with a lower coverage enhancement level, and separate the NPRACH with CDM and NPRACH without CDM by the coverage enhancement level in the correspondence resource.
  • FIG. 10B shows such an example, each of the CDM preamble repetitions #0 to #2 has P*S symbol groups, which are 16 symbol groups in this example.
  • regular frequency hopping may be performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping may be performed adjacent CDM preamble repetitions.
  • the regular frequency hopping occurs between adjacent symbol group within a CDM preamble repetition
  • the pseudo frequency hopping occurs between the CDM preamble repetition #0 and the CDM preamble repetition #1, and between the CDM preamble repetition #1 and the CDM preamble repetition #2.
  • a symbol-level spreading may be employed, for example as indicated by the network device 120 or as predefined.
  • the symbol-level spreading one or more NPRACH symbols in the same symbol group may be applied with the same spreading code.
  • the spreading mode may indicate a spreading unit with a size of one or more symbols.
  • a symbol group may comprise the first number of symbol sets, and a symbol set in the first number of symbol sets may have a different number of symbols than another symbol set in the first number of symbol sets.
  • the first number of spreading codes may be determined based on the CDM configuration.
  • the first number of spreading codes may be applied to the first number of symbol sets, respectively.
  • FIG. 10C and FIG. 10F illustrate examples with the third number N of 5.
  • the first number S is equal to 3.
  • the first number S is equal to 2.
  • the NPRACH symbols are spread in the unit of X symbols, where X is within the range of [1, N-1] .
  • the first number S may be within the range of [2, N].It is noted that the minimum and the maximum number of terminal devices to share the same resource will be 2 and N, respectively.
  • Each transmission of the X symbols may be applied with one code from the corresponding codebook sequentially.
  • the CDM preamble repetition may have a same size as the legacy preamble repetition.
  • the repetition number configuration may be used for both NPRACH without CDM and NPRACH with CDM.
  • regular frequency hopping may be performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping may be performed adjacent CDM preamble repetitions.
  • the first spreading code of the first number of spreading codes may be applied to the first symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a floor operation on a ratio of the third number N to the first number S.
  • a spreading code subsequent to the first spreading code may be applied to a subsequent symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a ceil operation on the ratio of the third number to the first number.
  • the first spreading with the first spreading word may be applied to the first floor (N/S) preamble symbols, and the following spreading with the following spreading words may be applied to the following each ceil (N/S) preamble symbols.
  • FIG. 10C and FIG. 10E show such examples.
  • the first spreading code of the first number of spreading codes may be applied to the first symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a ceil operation on the ratio of the third number N to the first number S, and a spreading code subsequent to the first spreading code is applied to a subsequent symbol set with a symbol number being equal to the first symbol set, until the left symbols in one symbol group are less than symbols in the first symbol set, and the left spreading code is applied to the left symbols.
  • the first spreading with the first spreading word may be applied to the first ceil (N/S) preamble symbols
  • the following spreading with the following spreading words may be applied to the following ceil (N/S) preamble symbols until the left symbols in one symbol group are less than ceil (N/S) symbols.
  • FIG. 10D and FIG. 10F show such examples.
  • a symbol group-level spreading may be employed, for example as indicated by the network device 120 or as predefined.
  • all the NPRACH symbols in the same symbol group may be applied with the same spreading code.
  • the spreading mode may indicate a spreading unit with a size of one symbol group.
  • the first number of spreading codes may be determined based on the CDM configuration. The first number of spreading codes may be applied to the first number of symbol groups, respectively.
  • FIG. 10G and FIG. 10I illustrate examples with the first number S of 4, and the second number P of 4.
  • the NPRACH symbols are spread in the unit of the preamble symbol group.
  • the first number S may be within the range of [2, P] . It is noted that the minimum and the maximum number of terminal devices to share the same resource will be 2 and P, respectively.
  • Each transmission of the preamble symbol group may be applied with one code from the corresponding codebook sequentially.
  • the CDM preamble repetition may have a different size from the legacy preamble repetition.
  • the total number of symbol groups in the CDM preamble repetition may be equal to a product of the first number S and the second number P.
  • FIG. 10G and FIG. 10I show such examples.
  • Each of the CDM preamble repetitions #0 to #2 has P*S symbol groups, which are 16 symbol groups in these examples.
  • regular frequency hopping may be performed every the first number of symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping may be performed adjacent CDM preamble repetitions.
  • the regular frequency hopping occurs every S symbol groups (which are 4 symbol groups in these examples)
  • the pseudo frequency hopping occurs between the CDM preamble repetition #0 and the CDM preamble repetition #1, and between the CDM preamble repetition #1 and the CDM preamble repetition #2.
  • a multi-symbol group-level spreading may be employed, for example as indicated by the network device 120 or as predefined.
  • all the NPRACH symbols in a fourth number of symbol groups may be applied with the same spreading code.
  • the fourth number is denoted as Q.
  • the spreading mode may indicate a spreading unit with a size of the fourth number of symbol groups.
  • the first number of spreading codes may be determined based on the CDM configuration. The first number of spreading codes may be applied to the fourth number of symbol groups, respectively.
  • FIG. 10H illustrate an example with the first number S of 4, the second number P of 4, and the fourth number Q of 2.
  • the NPRACH symbols are spread in the unit of Q preamble symbol groups.
  • the first number S may be an integer larger than 2. It is noted that at least two devices could share the same resource.
  • Each transmission of the Q preamble symbol groups may be applied with one code from the corresponding codebook sequentially.
  • the CDM preamble repetition may have a different size from the legacy preamble repetition.
  • the total number of symbol groups in the CDM preamble repetition may be equal to a product of the first number S and the second number P.
  • FIG. 10H shows such an example.
  • Each of the CDM preamble repetitions #0 to #2 has P*S symbol groups, which are 16 symbol groups in this example.
  • regular frequency hopping may be performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping may be performed between adjacent CDM preamble repetitions.
  • the regular frequency hopping occurs between adjacent symbol groups
  • the pseudo frequency hopping occurs between the CDM preamble repetition #0 and the CDM preamble repetition #1, and between the CDM preamble repetition #1 and the CDM preamble repetition #2.
  • the plurality of NPRACH symbols which are spread may include at least one group of spreading unit.
  • a group of spreading units may include the first number of spreading units.
  • the group of spreading units may include 4 contiguous legacy preamble repetitions.
  • the group of spreading units may include 8 contiguous symbol groups.
  • respective codebook indexes may be determined for the at least one group of spreading units based on the CDM configuration. For each group of the at least one group, the first number of spreading codes corresponding to the codebook index determined for the group may be applied to the NPRACH symbols in the group of spreading units.
  • the CDM may be performed without codebook index hopping.
  • the spreading mode may indicate spreading without codebook index hooping.
  • a same codebook index may be used for each of the at least one group of spreading units.
  • the same codebook index may be determined based on the CDM configuration from the network device 120.
  • the same codebook index may be the index comprised in the CDM configuration, for example, transmitted via the PDCCH order.
  • the same codebook index may be an index generated from an index range comprised in the CDM configuration.
  • the same codebook index may be randomly generated from the index range indicated by the network device 120.
  • the same codebook index may be an index generated based on the spreading length indicated in the CDM configuration. For example, if the spreading length is 3, the same codebook index may be randomly selected from 0, 1 and 2.
  • the CDM may be performed with codebook index hopping.
  • the spreading mode may indicate spreading with CDM and indicate an interval length of a hopping interval for codebook indexes.
  • the hopping interval comprises a plurality of spreading units and the plurality of spreading units in the same hopping interval are applied with spreading codes in the same codebook.
  • the length of the hopping interval may be determined or configured such that each and every spreading code in the same codebook is applied at least once.
  • the codebook indexes for different hopping intervals may be different or same.
  • a codebook index (which is also referred to as the first codebook index) for the first hopping interval is determined based on the CDM configuration.
  • the first codebook index may be determined similarly as described with the codebook index without codebook index hopping.
  • the first codebook index may be the index comprised in the CDM configuration, for example, transmitted via the PDCCH order.
  • the first codebook index may be an index generated from an index range comprised in the CDM configuration.
  • the first codebook index may be randomly generated from the index range indicated by the network device 120.
  • the first codebook index may be an index generated based on the spreading length indicated in the CDM configuration. For example, if the spreading length is 3, the first codebook index may be randomly selected from 0, 1 and 2.
  • a codebook index for a further hopping interval other than the first hopping interval may be determined based on a predefined function of a codebook index for a hopping interval previous to the further hopping interval.
  • the codebook index for a hopping interval may be derived using the predefined function of the codebook index for a previous hopping interval.
  • the interval length is an integer multiply the smallest symbol length which applied with all the code words within a codebook for spreading operation.
  • the predefined function may have any suitable formula.
  • the predefined function may comprise a pseudo-random hopping function.
  • the pseudo-random hopping function may be based on the spreading length and a size of the spreading unit.
  • the size of the spreading unit indicates a number of symbol groups comprised in the spreading unit.
  • the parameter spreadinglevel is in the unit of symbol group, that is the size of the spreading unit as described above.
  • the parameter spreadinglevel P or G, where P denotes the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit, and G denotes the number of time-contiguous symbol groups.
  • the parameter spreadinglevel 1.
  • the parameter spreadinglevel S /N, where N denotes the number of symbols in a symbol group and S is in the unit of symbol.
  • the hopping interval is associated with the size of the spreading units.
  • respective hopping intervals for different spreading modes and/or CDM configurations may be configured by the network device 120 or be predefined.
  • the interval length has a symbol group number equal to an integer.
  • the predefined function may be a pseudo-random hopping function.
  • the interval length has a symbol group number equal to a product of an integer, the second number P and the first number S.
  • P*S symbol groups correspond to the same codebook index and thus N*P*S symbols correspond to the same codebook index.
  • the codebook index is hopped every P*S symbol groups, or in other words every N*P*S symbols.
  • the interval length has a symbol group number equal to a product of an integer, and the first number S.
  • S symbol groups correspond to the same codebook index and thus N*S symbols correspond to the same codebook index.
  • the codebook index is hopped every S symbol groups, or in other words every N*S symbols.
  • the predefined function may be a pseudo-random hopping function.
  • the interval length has a symbol group number equal to a product of an integer, the fourth number Q and the first number S.
  • Q*S symbol groups correspond to the same codebook index and thus N*Q*S symbols correspond to the same codebook index.
  • the codebook index is hopped every Q*S symbol groups, or in other words every N*Q*S symbols.
  • the interval length has a symbol group number equal to a product of an integer, the second number P, a number ratio R and the first number S.
  • the number ratio R is a ratio of the fourth number Q to the second number P.
  • the predefined function may be a pseudo-random hopping function.
  • the interval length has a symbol group number equal to a product of an integer, the second number P and the first number S.
  • P*S symbol groups correspond to the same codebook index and thus N*P*S symbols correspond to the same codebook index.
  • the codebook index is hopped every P*S symbol groups, or in other words every N*P*S symbols.
  • the four preamble repetitions 1101, 1102, 1103 and 1104 (which form a first hopping interval) are applied with the code word A, code word B, code word C and code word D, respectively, which correspond to the same codebook index.
  • the four preamble repetitions 1105, 1106, 1107 and 1108 (which form a second hopping interval) are applied with the code word A1, code word B1, code word C1 and code word D1, respectively, which correspond to the same codebook index.
  • the four preamble repetitions 1109, 1110, 1111 and 1112 (which form a third hopping interval) are applied with the code word A2, code word B2, code word C2 and code word D2, respectively, which correspond to the same codebook index.
  • the capacity of the NPRACH can be further enhanced.
  • the network device 120 may de-spread and detect the overlapped NPRACH signals from the multiple CDM capable terminal devices in the NPRACH resources following the spreading mode, and transmit the response in the case of successful detection. For example, the network device 120 may determine a codebook index for each hopping interval and apply, for each hopping interval, the first number of spreading codes corresponding to the codebook index determined for the hopping interval. In other words, the network device 120 may determine the codebook index for each hopping interval and apply the spreading codes corresponding to the determined codebook index for each hopping interval simultaneously to de-spread the NPRACH signal.
  • the network device 120 may try to de-spread the NPRACH signal again by performing the above operations until the NPRACH signal is de-spread.
  • the codebook index for a particular hopping interval may be updated as compared to the codebook index for the hopping interval in the previous turn of tries.
  • the network device 120 may determine a same codebook index for each group of spreading units.
  • the same codebook index may be determined based on the CDM configuration.
  • the same codebook index may be the index comprised in the CDM configuration, for example, transmitted via the PDCCH order.
  • the same codebook index may be an index generated from an index range comprised in the CDM configuration.
  • the same codebook index may be randomly generated from the index range indicated by the network device 120.
  • the same codebook index may be an index generated based on the spreading length indicated in the CDM configuration. For example, if the spreading length is 3, the same codebook index may be randomly selected from 0, 1 and 2.
  • the codebook indexes for different hopping intervals may be different or same.
  • the codebook index for the first hopping interval may be determined based on the CDM configuration. The determination of the first codebook index may be determined similarly as described above with respect to the terminal device 110 and thus is not repeated here.
  • the network device 120 may determine a codebook index for a further hopping interval other than the first hopping interval based on the predefined function of a codebook index for a hopping interval previous to the further hopping interval.
  • the codebook index for a hopping interval may be derived using the predefined function of the codebook index for a previous hopping interval.
  • the predefined function is the same as that described with respect to the terminal device 110 and thus is not repeated here.
  • the first number of spreading codes may be applied. Applying of these spreading code may depend on the specific spreading mode, and is similar to that described above with reference to FIG. 10A to FIG. 10H, and thus is not repeated here.
  • the NPRACH transmission including multiple preamble repetitions may be long in time, which might result in a timing offset.
  • TA pre-compensation may be needed during the NPRACH transmission. Therefore, how to segment the NPRACH transmission to perform the TA pre-compensation is to be solved.
  • a solution regarding segmenting a plurality of preamble repetitions is provided.
  • segmenting the plurality of preamble repetitions may means that the plurality of preamble repetitions is divided into a plurality of segment intervals. Each segment interval may have any suitable length, for example including one or more preamble repetitions.
  • the terminal device 110 may apply pre-compensation per segment interval of UL transmission of NPRACH. For example, the pre-compensation may be performed at the ending edge of a segment interval or within a gap between two neighboring segment intervals.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a signaling flow 1100 of a NPRACH transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the signaling flow 1100 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the terminal device 110 and the network device 120. It is to be understood that although one terminal device 110 is illustrated in FIG. 11, the signal flow 1100 may involves a plurality of terminal devices.
  • the network device 120 may transmit (1110) segmentation information for segmenting a plurality of repetitions for a NPRACH with CDM.
  • the segmentation information may be used to configure timing information of TA pre-compensation during NPRACH transmissions.
  • the terminal device 110 may receive (1115) the segmentation information from the network device 120.
  • the terminal device 110 may determine (1120) a segment interval based on the segmentation information.
  • the network device 120 may determine (1125) the segment interval based on the segmentation information.
  • NPRACH transmission and reception may be performed (1130) between the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 based on the segment interval.
  • the terminal device 110 may perform (1135) timing advance (TA) pre-compensation according to the segment interval.
  • TA may be pre-compensated at the edge of each segment interval, or within a gap between two neighbouring segment intervals.
  • the segment interval may define a time duration within which the NPRACH transmission could perform continuously.
  • a gap (also referred to as a transmission gap) between two neighbouring segment intervals may be predefined or configured by the network device 120.
  • the network device 120 may de-spread and detect the overlapped NPRACH signals from multi-terminal devices in the RACH resources following the configured segment interval, and transmit the response in case of successful detection.
  • the segmentation information may indicate one or more time periods during which the TA pre-compensation is to be performed. Accordingly, the terminal device 110 may autonomously pre-compensate the TA at respective edges of the one or more time periods. In such embodiments, the timing information of TA pre-compensation is configured explicitly.
  • the time period may have any suitable time length.
  • the segmentation information may include one or more frame numbers to indicate the segment interval.
  • the terminal device 110 may perform the autonomous TA pre-compensation at respective edges of one or more frame with the one or more frame numbers.
  • the network device 120 may configure the NPRACH segment interval related to frame numbers, e.g. in the unit of SFN number, subframe number. All the UE in one cell may perform the autonomous TA pre-compensation at the same time, which could cut off the network PRACH detection complexity.
  • the segmentation information may indicate a periodicity of the TA pre-compensation. Accordingly, the terminal device 110 may perform the TA pre-compensation periodically during the NPRACH transmission.
  • the periodicity may be indicated to the terminal device 110 by any suitable parameter explicitly or implicitly.
  • the segmentation information may comprise a predefined number of preamble repetitions to indicate the periodicity.
  • the terminal device 110 may perform the TA pre-compensation every the predefined number of preamble repetitions are transmitted.
  • the predefined number is 64.
  • the TA pre-compensation is executed within the 40ms uplink transmission gap.
  • the periodicity of the TA pre-compensation is configured explicitly.
  • the network device 120 may configure the NPRACH segment interval related to a repetition number, e.g. in the unit of repetition times.
  • the terminal devices with the same NPRACH configuration may perform the autonomous pre-compensation at the same time, which avoids the potential PRACH interference from different terminal devices under the same configuration.
  • the network device 120 may configure the periodicity for the autonomous TA pre-compensation by the NPRACH coverage enhancement level. In other words, the network device 120 may configure the segment interval related to a coverage level.
  • the segmentation information may include a ratio of a number of repetitions corresponding to a coverage level to indicate the periodicity.
  • the interval may be equal to a predefined percentage of a coverage enhancement repetition times, such as 25%, 50%, 75%.
  • the segmentation information may include a number of segment intervals for a coverage level.
  • the network device 120 may configure the number of segment intervals for each coverage enhancement level, for example, 2 times for level 1, 3 times for level 2..., and the interval may be determined accordingly.
  • the periodicity of the TA pre-compensation is configured implicitly. In this way, there is no need to explicitly configure the interval, which could cut off the signaling cost.
  • the segment interval may be indicated to the terminal device 110 via any suitable signaling.
  • the segmentation information may comprise an index of a an index of a segment interval value in a predefined set of segment interval values.
  • the network device 120 may indicate the index of the segment interval in a predefined list via SIB or PDCCH order.
  • the segmentation information may comprise a segment interval value.
  • the network device 120 may explicitly indicate the value of the segment interval, for example, the number of preamble repetitions in one segment interval, or the frame numbers.
  • the segmentation information may comprise a candidate set of segment interval values in a first signaling and an index of a segment interval value in the candidate set in a second signaling.
  • the network device 120 may indicate a list of candidate segment interval values via SIB and further indicate an index in the list of candidate segment interval values via a PDCCH order.
  • the orthogonal property at the receiver of the network side can be ensured. In this way, more terminal devices are allowed to be overlapped in the same resource and the capacity, spectral efficiency, Block Error Rate (BLER) , and throughput performance can be improved.
  • BLER Block Error Rate
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1200 implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1200 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 110 in FIG. 1.
  • the terminal device 110 receives, from a network device, segmentation information for segmenting a plurality of repetitions of a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the terminal device 110 determines a segment interval based on the segmentation information.
  • the terminal device 110 performs, during transmission of the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, timing advance pre-compensation within a gap between two neighbouring segment intervals.
  • the segmentation information indicates one or more time periods during which the timing advance pre-compensation is to be performed.
  • the segmentation information comprises one or more frame numbers to indicate the one or more time periods.
  • the segmentation information indicates a periodicity of the timing advance pre-compensation.
  • the segmentation information comprises a predefined number of preamble repetitions to indicate the periodicity.
  • the segmentation information comprises at least one of the following to indicate the periodicity: a ratio of a number of repetitions corresponding to a coverage level, or a number of segment intervals for a coverage level.
  • the segmentation information comprises at least one of: an index of a segment interval value in a predefined set of segment interval values, a segment interval value, or a candidate set of segment interval values in a first signaling and an index of a segment interval value in the candidate set in a second signaling.
  • the gap is predefined or configured by the network device.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1300 implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1300 will be described from the perspective of the network device 120 in FIG. 1.
  • the network device 120 transmits, to a terminal device, segmentation information for segmenting a plurality of repetitions of a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the network device 120 determines a segment interval based on the segmentation information.
  • the network device 120 performs reception of the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing from the terminal device based on the segment interval.
  • the segmentation information indicates one or more time periods during which the timing advance pre-compensation is to be performed.
  • the segmentation information comprises one or more frame numbers to indicate the one or more time periods.
  • the segmentation information indicates a periodicity of the timing advance pre-compensation.
  • the segmentation information comprises a predefined number of preamble repetitions to indicate the periodicity.
  • the segmentation information comprises at least one of the following to indicate the periodicity: a ratio of a number of repetitions corresponding to a coverage level, or a number of segment intervals for a coverage level.
  • the segmentation information comprises at least one of: an index of a segment interval value in a predefined set of segment interval values, a segment interval value, or a candidate set of segment interval values in a first signaling and an index of a segment interval value in the candidate set in a second signaling.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1400 implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1400 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 110 in FIG. 1.
  • the terminal device 110 receives, from a network device, information associated with whether a plurality of candidate carriers support a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the terminal device 110 determines a carrier from the plurality of candidate carriers based on the information.
  • the terminal device 110 transmits, to the network device, a NPRACH signal by performing the code domain multiplexing using a NPRACH resource on the determined carrier.
  • the information comprises an indication of one or more candidate carriers of the plurality of candidate carriers supporting the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing
  • the terminal device 110 may determine respective selection probabilities for the plurality of carriers, wherein a selection probability for each candidate carrier of the one or more candidate carriers is increased with respect to a reference probability for the candidate carrier, and/or a selection probability for each candidate carrier of other candidate carriers than the one or more candidate carriers is decreased with respect to a reference probability for the candidate carrier; and select the carrier from the plurality of carriers based on the respective selection probabilities.
  • the information comprises respective weights for a set of candidate carriers in the plurality of candidate carriers
  • the terminal device 110 may determine the carrier from the set of candidate carriers based on the respective weights, respective indexes of the set of candidate carriers, and an identification of the terminal device.
  • the terminal device 110 may determine, from the set of candidate carriers, the carrier with the smallest index fulfilling a relationship between the respective weights and a function of the identification of the terminal device.
  • the function is based on at least one of: the identification of the terminal device and a predefined constant, or the identification of the terminal device and a frame associated with the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the set of candidate carriers support the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1500 implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1500 will be described from the perspective of the network device 120 in FIG. 1.
  • the network device 120 transmits, to a terminal device, information associated with whether a plurality of candidate carriers support a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the network device 120 determines a carrier from the plurality of candidate carriers based on the information.
  • the network device 120 decodes a NPRACH signal from the terminal device by performing code domain demultiplexing using a NPRACH resource on the determined carrier.
  • the information comprises an indication of one or more candidate carriers of the plurality of candidate carriers supporting the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing
  • the network device 120 may determine respective selection probabilities for the plurality of candidate carriers, wherein a selection probability for each candidate carrier of the one or more candidate carriers is increased with respect to a reference probability for the candidate carrier, and/or a selection probability for each candidate carrier of other candidate carriers than the one or more candidate carriers is decreased with respect to a reference probability for the candidate carrier; and select the carrier from the plurality of carriers based on the respective selection probabilities.
  • the information comprises respective weights for a set of candidate carriers in the plurality of candidate carriers
  • the network device 120 may determine the carrier from the set of candidate carriers based on the respective weights, respective indexes of the set of candidate carriers, and an identification of the terminal device.
  • the network device 120 may determine, from the set of candidate carriers, the carrier with the smallest index fulfilling a relationship between the respective weights and a function of the identification of the terminal device.
  • the function is based on at least one of: the identification of the terminal device and a predefined constant, or the identification of the terminal device and a frame associated with the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the set of candidate carriers support the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1600 implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1600 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 110 in FIG. 1.
  • the terminal device 110 receives, from a network device, a configuration indicating resources different for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing and a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the terminal device 110 determines a NPRACH resource for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing based on the configuration
  • the terminal device 110 transmits, to the network device, a NPRACH signal by performing the code domain multiplexing using the NPRACH resource.
  • the terminal device 110 may receive, from the network device, an indication of a network busyness degree or an indication to enable the code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH; and determine to operate in the code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH based on the received indication.
  • the configuration indicates one or more first coverage levels for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and one or more second coverage levels for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the NPRACH resource is determined based on a second coverage level of the one or more second coverage levels.
  • the configuration comprises a list of reference signal received power (RSRP) thresholds, and at least one RSRP threshold in a first range of the list indicates the one or more first coverage levels, and zero or more RSRP threshold in a second range of the list indicates the one or more second coverage levels, the second range being different from the first range.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • the configuration comprises a first group of RSRP thresholds listed in a predefined order and a second group of RSRP thresholds appended to the first group of RSRP thresholds without satisfying the predefined order, and the first group of RSRP thresholds indicate the one or more first coverage levels and the second group of RSRP thresholds indicate the one or more second coverage levels.
  • the predefined order comprises a descending order.
  • the configuration comprises a first list of RSRP thresholds for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and a second list of RSRP thresholds for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the first list of RSRP thresholds indicates the one or more first coverage levels, and the second list of RSRP thresholds indicates the one or more second coverage levels.
  • the configuration indicates a first starting time for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and a second starting time for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the NPRACH resource is determined based on the second starting time.
  • the configuration comprises a first frequency resource indication for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and a second frequency resource indication for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the NPRACH resource is determined based on the second frequency resource indication.
  • the second frequency resource indication comprises at least one of: a frequency location of the first subcarrier allocated to the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, or a number of starting subcarriers allocated to the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the terminal device 110 may receive, from the network device, an index of a random access preamble for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing; and determine a further NPRACH resource based on the random access preamble for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing; and transmit, to the network device, a further NPRACH signal by performing the code domain multiplexing using the further NPRACH resource.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1700 implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1700 will be described from the perspective of the network device 120 in FIG. 1.
  • the network device 120 transmits, to a terminal device, a configuration indicating resources different for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing and a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the network device 120 determines a NPRACH resource for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing based on the configuration
  • the network device 120 decodes a NPRACH signal from the terminal device using the NPRACH resource, wherein the terminal device operates in a code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH.
  • the network device 120 may transmit, to the terminal device, an indication of a network busyness degree or an indication to enable the code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH.
  • the configuration indicates one or more first coverage levels for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and one or more second coverage levels for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the NPRACH resource is determined based on a second coverage level of the one or more second coverage levels.
  • the configuration comprises a list of reference signal received power (RSRP) thresholds, and at least one RSRP threshold in a first range of the list indicates the one or more first coverage levels, and zero or more RSRP threshold in a second range of the list indicates the one or more second coverage levels, the second range being different from the first range.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • the configuration comprises a first group of RSRP thresholds listed in a predefined order and a second group of RSRP thresholds appended to the first group of RSRP thresholds without satisfying the predefined order, and the first group of RSRP thresholds indicate the one or more first coverage levels and the second group of RSRP thresholds indicate the one or more second coverage levels.
  • the predefined order comprises a descending order.
  • the configuration comprises a first list of RSRP thresholds for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and a second list of RSRP thresholds for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the first list of RSRP thresholds indicates the one or more first coverage levels, and the second list of RSRP thresholds indicates the one or more second coverage levels.
  • the configuration comprises a first starting time for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and a second starting time for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the NPRACH resource is determined based on the second starting time.
  • the configuration indicates a first frequency resource indication for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and a second frequency resource indication for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the NPRACH resource is determined based on the second frequency resource indication.
  • the second frequency resource indication comprises at least one of: a frequency location of the first subcarrier allocated to the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, or a number of starting subcarriers allocated to the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the network device 120 may transmit, to the terminal device, an index of a random access preamble for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing; determine a further NPRACH resource based on the random access preamble for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing; and decode a further NPRACH signal from the terminal device using the further NPRACH resource.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1800 implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1800 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 110 in FIG. 1.
  • the terminal device 110 spread a plurality of narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) symbols based on a code domain multiplexing configuration and a spreading mode for a NPRACH, wherein the code domain multiplexing configuration indicates at least one of a spreading length, or a codebook index.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the terminal device 110 transmits, to a network device, a NPRACH signal based on the plurality of NPRACH symbols.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and the first preamble repetition comprises a second number of symbol groups, and the terminal device 110 may determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration, the first number equal to the spreading length; and apply the first number of spreading codes to the first number of first preamble repetitions, respectively.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to a product of the first number and the second number, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to the second number
  • regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed every symbol groups with a number of a product of the first number and the second number.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one or more symbols, a symbol group comprises a first number of symbol sets, a symbol set in the first number of symbol sets has a different number of symbols than another symbol set in the first number of symbol sets, the first number is equal to the spreading length, and the terminal device 110 may determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration; and apply the first number of spreading codes to the first number of symbol sets, respectively.
  • a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing comprises a second number of symbol groups, and the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the first spreading code of the first number of spreading codes is applied to the first symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a floor operation on a ratio of a third number to the first number, wherein the third number is the number of symbols in a symbol group, and a spreading code subsequent to the first spreading code is applied to a subsequent symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a ceil operation on the ratio of the third number to the first number, or the first spreading code of the first number of spreading codes is applied to the first symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a ceil operation on the ratio of the third number to the first number, and a spreading code subsequent to the first spreading code is applied to a subsequent symbol set with a symbol number being equal to the first symbol set, until the left symbols in one symbol group are less than symbols in the first symbol set, and the left spreading code is applied to the left symbols.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one symbol group
  • the terminal device 110 may determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration, the first number equal to the spreading length; and apply the first number of spreading codes to the first number of symbol groups, respectively.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to a product of the first number and a second number, the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed every the first number of symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of a fourth number of symbol groups
  • the terminal device 110 may determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration, the first number equal to the spreading length; and apply a spreading code of the first number of spreading codes to the fourth number of symbol groups.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to a product of the first number and a second number, the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the plurality of NPRACH symbols comprises at least one group of spreading units, each group comprising a first number of spreading units, the first number equal to the spreading length
  • the terminal device 110 may determine respective codebook indexes for the at least one group of spreading units based on the code domain multiplexing configuration; and applying, for each group of the at least one group of spreading unit, the first number of spreading codes corresponding to the codebook index determined for the group.
  • the spreading mode indicates spreading without codebook index hooping
  • a codebook index for each group of the at least one group of spreading units is the same and determined as one of: an index comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, an index generated from an index range comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, or an index generated based on the spreading length indicated in the code domain multiplexing configuration.
  • the spreading mode indicates an interval length of a hopping interval for codebook indexes
  • the hopping interval comprises a plurality of spreading units and the plurality of spreading units in the same hopping interval are applied with spreading codes in the same codebook
  • a codebook index for the first hopping interval is determined based on the code domain multiplexing configuration
  • a codebook index for a further group hopping interval other than the first hopping interval is determined based on a predefined function of a codebook index for a hopping interval previous to the further hopping interval.
  • the predefined function comprises a pseudo-random hopping function.
  • the codebook index for the first hopping interval is determined as one of: an index comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, an index generated from an index range comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, or an index generated based on the spreading length comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration.
  • the pseudo-random hopping is based on the spreading length and a size of the spreading unit indicating a number of symbol groups comprised in the spreading unit.
  • the hopping interval is associated with the size of the spreading units.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one or more symbols, a symbol group comprises the first number of symbol sets, a symbol set in the first number of symbol sets has a different number of symbols than another symbol set in the first number of symbol sets, and the interval length has a symbol group number equal to an integer.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one symbol group, and the interval length has a symbol group number equal to a product of an integer, a second number and the first number, wherein the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a fourth number of symbol groups, and the interval length has a symbol group number equal to a product of an integer, the fourth number and the first number, or the interval length has a symbol group number equal to a product of an integer, a second number, a number ratio and the first number, and the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and the number ratio is a ratio of the fourth number to the second number.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1900 implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1900 will be described from the perspective of the network device 120 in FIG. 1.
  • the network device 120 receives, from the terminal device, a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) signal.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the network device 120 obtains a plurality of NPRACH symbols by de-spreading the NPRACH signal based on a code domain multiplexing configuration and a spreading code for NPRACH, wherein the code domain multiplexing configuration indicates at least one of a spreading length, or a codebook index.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and the first preamble repetition comprises a second number of symbol groups, and the network device 120 may determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration, the first number equal to the spreading length; and apply the first number of spreading codes to the first number of first preamble repetitions, respectively.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to a product of the first number and the second number, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to the second number
  • regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed every symbol groups with a number of a product of the first number and the second number.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one or more symbols, a symbol group comprises a first number of symbol sets, a symbol set in the first number of symbol sets has a different number of symbols than another symbol set in the first number of symbol sets, the first number is equal to the spreading length, and the network device 120 may determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration; and apply the first number of spreading codes to the first number of symbol sets, respectively.
  • a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing comprises a second number of symbol groups, and the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the first spreading code of the first number of spreading codes is applied to the first symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a floor operation on a ratio of a third number to the first number, wherein the third number is the number of symbols in a symbol group, and a spreading code subsequent to the first spreading code is applied to a subsequent symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a ceil operation on the ratio of the third number to the first number, or the first spreading code of the first number of spreading codes is applied to the first symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a ceil operation on the ratio of the third number to the first number, and a spreading code subsequent to the first spreading code is applied to a subsequent symbol set with a symbol number being equal to the first symbol set, until the left symbols in one symbol group are less than symbols in the first symbol set, and the left spreading code is applied to the left symbols.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one symbol group
  • the network device 120 may determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration, the first number equal to the spreading length; and apply the first number of spreading codes to the first number of symbol groups, respectively.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to a product of the first number and a second number, the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed every the first number of symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of a fourth number of symbol groups
  • the network device 120 may determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration, the first number equal to the spreading length; and apply a spreading code of the first number of spreading codes to the fourth number of symbol groups.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to a product of the first number and a second number, the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the plurality of NPRACH symbols comprises at least one group of spreading units, each group comprising a first number of spreading units, the first number equal to the spreading length
  • the network device 120 may perform the following operations at least once until the NPRACH signal is de-spread: determining a codebook index for each group of the at least one group of spreading units; and applying, for each group of the at least one group of spreading unit, the first number of spreading codes corresponding to the codebook index determined for the group.
  • the spreading mode indicates spreading without codebook index hooping
  • the codebook index for each group of the at least one group of spreading units is the same and determined as one of: an index comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, an index from an index range comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, or an index based on the spreading length indicated in the code domain multiplexing configuration.
  • the spreading mode indicates an interval length of a hopping interval for codebook indexes
  • the hopping interval comprises a plurality of spreading units and the plurality of spreading units in the same hopping interval are applied with spreading codes in the same codebook
  • a codebook index for the first hopping interval is determined based on the code domain multiplexing configuration
  • a codebook index for a further group hopping interval other than the first hopping interval is determined based on a predefined function of a codebook index for a hopping interval previous to the further hopping interval.
  • the predefined function comprises a pseudo-random hopping function.
  • the codebook index for the first hopping interval is determined as one of: an index comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, an index from an index range comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, or an index based on the spreading length comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration.
  • the pseudo-random hopping is based on the spreading length and a size of the spreading unit indicating a number of symbol groups comprised in the spreading unit.
  • the hopping interval is associated with the size of the spreading units.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one or more symbols, a symbol group comprises the first number of symbol sets, a symbol set in the first number of symbol sets has a different number of symbols than another symbol set in the first number of symbol sets, and the interval length has a symbol group number equal to an integer.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one symbol group, and the interval length has a symbol group number equal to a product of an integer, a second number and the first number, wherein the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a fourth number of symbol groups, and the interval length has a symbol group number equal to a product of an integer, the fourth number and the first number, or the interval length has a symbol group number equal to a product of an integer, a second number, a number ratio and the first number, and the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and the number ratio is a ratio of the fourth number to the second number.
  • FIG. 20 is a simplified block diagram of a device 2000 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the device 2000 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 2000 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120.
  • the device 2000 includes a processor 2010, a memory 2020 coupled to the processor 2010, a suitable transceiver 2040 coupled to the processor 2010, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 2040.
  • the memory 2020 stores at least a part of a program 2030.
  • the transceiver 2040 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements.
  • the transceiver 2040 may include at least one of a transmitter 2042 and a receiver 2044.
  • the transmitter 2042 and the receiver 2044 may be functional modules or physical entities.
  • the transceiver 2040 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones.
  • the communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2/Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs/gNBs, S1/NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) /Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) /SGW/UPF and the eNB/gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB/gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB/gNB and a terminal device.
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
  • RN relay node
  • Uu interface for communication between the eNB/gNB and a terminal device.
  • the program 2030 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 2010, enable the device 2000 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 20.
  • the embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 2010 of the device 2000, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.
  • the processor 2010 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a combination of the processor 2010 and memory 2020 may form processing means 2050 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the memory 2020 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 2020 is shown in the device 2000, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 2000.
  • the processor 2010 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
  • the device 2000 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
  • a terminal device comprising a circuitry.
  • the circuitry is configured to: receive, from a network device, segmentation information for segmenting a plurality of repetitions of a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determine a segment interval based on the segmentation information; and perform, during transmission of the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, timing advance pre-compensation within a gap between two neighbouring segment intervals.
  • the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the terminal device as discussed above.
  • a network device comprising a circuitry.
  • the circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a terminal device, segmentation information for segmenting a plurality of repetitions of a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determine a segment interval based on the segmentation information; and perform reception of the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing from the terminal device based on the segment interval.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the network device as discussed above.
  • a terminal device comprising a circuitry.
  • the circuitry is configured to: receive, from a network device, information associated with whether a plurality of candidate carriers support a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determine a carrier from the plurality of candidate carriers based on the information; and transmit, to the network device, a NPRACH signal by performing the code domain multiplexing using a NPRACH resource on the determined carrier.
  • the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the terminal device as discussed above.
  • a network device comprising a circuitry.
  • the circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a terminal device, information associated with whether a plurality of candidate carriers support a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determine a carrier from the plurality of candidate carriers based on the information; and decode a NPRACH signal from the terminal device by performing code domain demultiplexing using a NPRACH resource on the determined carrier.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the network device as discussed above.
  • a terminal device comprising a circuitry.
  • the circuitry is configured to: receive, from a network device, a configuration indicating resources different for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing and a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing; if operating in a code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH, determine a NPRACH resource for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing based on the configuration; and transmit, to the network device, a NPRACH signal by performing the code domain multiplexing using the NPRACH resource.
  • the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the terminal device as discussed above.
  • a network device comprising a circuitry.
  • the circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a terminal device, a configuration indicating resources different for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing and a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing; determine a NPRACH resource for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing based on the configuration; and decode a NPRACH signal from the terminal device using the NPRACH resource, wherein the terminal device operates in a code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH.
  • the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the network device as discussed above.
  • a terminal device comprising a circuitry.
  • the circuitry is configured to: spread a plurality of narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) symbols based on a code domain multiplexing configuration and a spreading mode for a NPRACH, wherein the code domain multiplexing configuration indicates at least one of a spreading length, or a codebook index; and transmit, to a network device, a NPRACH signal based on the plurality of NPRACH symbols.
  • the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the terminal device as discussed above.
  • a network device comprising a circuitry.
  • the circuitry is configured to: receive, from the terminal device, a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) signal; and obtain a plurality of NPRACH symbols by de-spreading the NPRACH signal based on a code domain multiplexing configuration and a spreading code for NPRACH, wherein the code domain multiplexing configuration indicates at least one of a spreading length, or a codebook index.
  • the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the network device as discussed above.
  • circuitry used herein may refer to hardware circuits and/or combinations of hardware circuits and software.
  • the circuitry may be a combination of analog and/or digital hardware circuits with software/firmware.
  • the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions.
  • the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software/firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
  • the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware.
  • a terminal apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a network device, segmentation information for segmenting a plurality of repetitions of a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; means for determining a segment interval based on the segmentation information; and means for performing, during transmission of the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, timing advance pre-compensation within a gap between two neighbouring segment intervals.
  • the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1200.
  • the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1200.
  • the means may be implemented in any suitable form.
  • the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
  • a network apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a terminal device, segmentation information for segmenting a plurality of repetitions of a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; means for determining a segment interval based on the segmentation information; and means for performing reception of the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing from the terminal device based on the segment interval.
  • the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1300.
  • the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1300.
  • the means may be implemented in any suitable form.
  • the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
  • a terminal apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a network device, information associated with whether a plurality of candidate carriers support a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; means for determining a carrier from the plurality of candidate carriers based on the information; and means for transmitting, to the network device, a NPRACH signal by performing the code domain multiplexing using a NPRACH resource on the determined carrier.
  • the third apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1400.
  • the third apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1400.
  • the means may be implemented in any suitable form.
  • the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
  • a network apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a terminal device, information associated with whether a plurality of candidate carriers support a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; means for determining a carrier from the plurality of candidate carriers based on the information; and means for decoding a NPRACH signal from the terminal device by performing code domain demultiplexing using a NPRACH resource on the determined carrier.
  • the fourth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1500.
  • the fourth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1500.
  • the means may be implemented in any suitable form.
  • the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
  • a terminal apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a network device, a configuration indicating resources different for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing and a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing; means for if operating in a code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH, determining a NPRACH resource for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing based on the configuration; and means for transmitting, to the network device, a NPRACH signal by performing the code domain multiplexing using the NPRACH resource.
  • the fifth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1600.
  • the fifth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1600.
  • the means may be implemented in any suitable form.
  • the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
  • a network apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a terminal device, a configuration indicating resources different for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing and a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing; means for determining a NPRACH resource for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing based on the configuration; and means for decoding a NPRACH signal from the terminal device using the NPRACH resource, wherein the terminal device operates in a code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH.
  • the sixth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1700.
  • the sixth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1700.
  • the means may be implemented in any suitable form.
  • the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
  • a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, segmentation information for segmenting a plurality of repetitions of a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determine a segment interval based on the segmentation information; and perform, during transmission of the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, timing advance pre-compensation within a gap between two neighbouring segment intervals.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the segmentation information indicates one or more time periods during which the timing advance pre-compensation is to be performed.
  • the segmentation information comprises one or more frame numbers to indicate the one or more time periods.
  • the segmentation information indicates a periodicity of the timing advance pre-compensation.
  • the segmentation information comprises a predefined number of preamble repetitions to indicate the periodicity.
  • the segmentation information comprises at least one of the following to indicate the periodicity: a ratio of a number of repetitions corresponding to a coverage level, or a number of segment intervals for a coverage level.
  • the segmentation information comprises at least one of: an index of a segment interval value in a predefined set of segment interval values, a segment interval value, or a candidate set of segment interval values in a first signaling and an index of a segment interval value in the candidate set in a second signaling.
  • the gap is predefined or configured by the network device.
  • a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a terminal device, segmentation information for segmenting a plurality of repetitions of a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determine a segment interval based on the segmentation information; and perform reception of the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing from the terminal device based on the segment interval.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the segmentation information indicates one or more time periods during which the timing advance pre-compensation is to be performed.
  • the segmentation information comprises one or more frame numbers to indicate the one or more time periods.
  • the segmentation information indicates a periodicity of the timing advance pre-compensation.
  • the segmentation information comprises a predefined number of preamble repetitions to indicate the periodicity.
  • the segmentation information comprises at least one of the following to indicate the periodicity: a ratio of a number of repetitions corresponding to a coverage level, or a number of segment intervals for a coverage level.
  • the segmentation information comprises at least one of: an index of a segment interval value in a predefined set of segment interval values, a segment interval value, or a candidate set of segment interval values in a first signaling and an index of a segment interval value in the candidate set in a second signaling.
  • a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, information associated with whether a plurality of candidate carriers support a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determine a carrier from the plurality of candidate carriers based on the information; and transmit, to the network device, a NPRACH signal by performing the code domain multiplexing using a NPRACH resource on the determined carrier.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the information comprises an indication of one or more candidate carriers of the plurality of candidate carriers supporting the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing
  • the terminal device is caused to: determine respective selection probabilities for the plurality of carriers, wherein a selection probability for each candidate carrier of the one or more candidate carriers is increased with respect to a reference probability for the candidate carrier, and/or a selection probability for each candidate carrier of other candidate carriers than the one or more candidate carriers is decreased with respect to a reference probability for the candidate carrier; and select the carrier from the plurality of carriers based on the respective selection probabilities.
  • the information comprises respective weights for a set of candidate carriers in the plurality of candidate carriers
  • the terminal device is caused to:determine the carrier from the set of candidate carriers based on the respective weights, respective indexes of the set of candidate carriers, and an identification of the terminal device.
  • the terminal device is caused to: determine, from the set of candidate carriers, the carrier with the smallest index fulfilling a relationship between the respective weights and a function of the identification of the terminal device.
  • the function is based on at least one of: the identification of the terminal device and a predefined constant, or the identification of the terminal device and a frame associated with the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the set of candidate carriers support the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a terminal device, information associated with whether a plurality of candidate carriers support a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing; determine a carrier from the plurality of candidate carriers based on the information; and decode a NPRACH signal from the terminal device by performing code domain demultiplexing using a NPRACH resource on the determined carrier.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the information comprises an indication of one or more candidate carriers of the plurality of candidate carriers supporting the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing
  • the network device is caused to: determine respective selection probabilities for the plurality of candidate carriers, wherein a selection probability for each candidate carrier of the one or more candidate carriers is increased with respect to a reference probability for the candidate carrier, and/or a selection probability for each candidate carrier of other candidate carriers than the one or more candidate carriers is decreased with respect to a reference probability for the candidate carrier; and select the carrier from the plurality of carriers based on the respective selection probabilities.
  • the information comprises respective weights for a set of candidate carriers in the plurality of candidate carriers
  • the network device is further caused to: determine the carrier from the set of candidate carriers based on the respective weights, respective indexes of the set of candidate carriers, and an identification of the terminal device.
  • the network device is caused to: determine, from the set of candidate carriers, the carrier with the smallest index fulfilling a relationship between the respective weights and a function of the identification of the terminal device.
  • the function is based on at least one of: the identification of the terminal device and a predefined constant, or the identification of the terminal device and a frame associated with the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the set of candidate carriers support the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, a configuration indicating resources different for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) with code domain multiplexing and a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing; if operating in a code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH, determine a NPRACH resource for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing based on the configuration; and transmit, to the network device, a NPRACH signal by performing the code domain multiplexing using the NPRACH resource.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the terminal device is further caused to: receive, from the network device, an indication of a network busyness degree or an indication to enable the code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH; and determine to operate in the code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH based on the received indication.
  • the configuration indicates one or more first coverage levels for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and one or more second coverage levels for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the NPRACH resource is determined based on a second coverage level of the one or more second coverage levels.
  • the configuration comprises a list of reference signal received power (RSRP) thresholds, and at least one RSRP threshold in a first range of the list indicates the one or more first coverage levels, and zero or more RSRP threshold in a second range of the list indicates the one or more second coverage levels, the second range being different from the first range.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • the configuration comprises a first group of RSRP thresholds listed in a predefined order and a second group of RSRP thresholds appended to the first group of RSRP thresholds without satisfying the predefined order, and the first group of RSRP thresholds indicate the one or more first coverage levels and the second group of RSRP thresholds indicate the one or more second coverage levels.
  • the predefined order comprises a descending order.
  • the configuration comprises a first list of RSRP thresholds for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and a second list of RSRP thresholds for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the first list of RSRP thresholds indicates the one or more first coverage levels, and the second list of RSRP thresholds indicates the one or more second coverage levels.
  • the configuration indicates a first starting time for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and a second starting time for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the NPRACH resource is determined based on the second starting time.
  • the configuration comprises a first frequency resource indication for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and a second frequency resource indication for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the NPRACH resource is determined based on the second frequency resource indication.
  • the second frequency resource indication comprises at least one of: a frequency location of the first subcarrier allocated to the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, or a number of starting subcarriers allocated to the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the terminal device is further caused to: receive, from the network device, an index of a random access preamble for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing; and determine a further NPRACH resource based on the random access preamble for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing; and transmit, to the network device, a further NPRACH signal by performing the code domain multiplexing using the further NPRACH resource.
  • the network device is further caused to: transmit, to the terminal device, an indication of a network busyness degree or an indication to enable the code domain multiplexing mode for NPRACH.
  • the configuration indicates one or more first coverage levels for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and one or more second coverage levels for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the NPRACH resource is determined based on a second coverage level of the one or more second coverage levels.
  • the configuration comprises a list of reference signal received power (RSRP) thresholds, and at least one RSRP threshold in a first range of the list indicates the one or more first coverage levels, and zero or more RSRP threshold in a second range of the list indicates the one or more second coverage levels, the second range being different from the first range.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • the configuration comprises a first group of RSRP thresholds listed in a predefined order and a second group of RSRP thresholds appended to the first group of RSRP thresholds without satisfying the predefined order, and the first group of RSRP thresholds indicate the one or more first coverage levels and the second group of RSRP thresholds indicate the one or more second coverage levels.
  • the predefined order comprises a descending order.
  • the configuration comprises a first list of RSRP thresholds for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and a second list of RSRP thresholds for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the first list of RSRP thresholds indicates the one or more first coverage levels, and the second list of RSRP thresholds indicates the one or more second coverage levels.
  • the configuration comprises a first starting time for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and a second starting time for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the NPRACH resource is determined based on the second starting time.
  • the configuration indicates a first frequency resource indication for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing and a second frequency resource indication for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, and the NPRACH resource is determined based on the second frequency resource indication.
  • the second frequency resource indication comprises at least one of: a frequency location of the first subcarrier allocated to the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing, or a number of starting subcarriers allocated to the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the network device is further caused to: transmit, to the terminal device, an index of a random access preamble for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing; determine a further NPRACH resource based on the random access preamble for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing; and decode a further NPRACH signal from the terminal device using the further NPRACH resource.
  • a terminal apparatus comprises means for spreading a plurality of narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) symbols based on a code domain multiplexing configuration and a spreading mode for a NPRACH, wherein the code domain multiplexing configuration indicates at least one of a spreading length, or a codebook index; and means for transmitting, to a network device, a NPRACH signal based on the plurality of NPRACH symbols.
  • the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1200.
  • the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1200.
  • the means may be implemented in any suitable form.
  • the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
  • a network apparatus comprises means for receiving, from the terminal device, a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) signal; and means for obtaining a plurality of NPRACH symbols by de-spreading the NPRACH signal based on a code domain multiplexing configuration and a spreading code for NPRACH, wherein the code domain multiplexing configuration indicates at least one of a spreading length, or a codebook index.
  • the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1300.
  • the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1300.
  • the means may be implemented in any suitable form.
  • the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
  • a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: spread a plurality of narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) symbols based on a code domain multiplexing configuration and a spreading mode for a NPRACH, wherein the code domain multiplexing configuration indicates at least one of a spreading length, or a codebook index; and transmit, to a network device, a NPRACH signal based on the plurality of NPRACH symbols.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and the first preamble repetition comprises a second number of symbol groups, and the terminal device is caused to: determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration, the first number equal to the spreading length; and apply the first number of spreading codes to the first number of first preamble repetitions, respectively.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to a product of the first number and the second number, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to the second number
  • regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed every symbol groups with a number of a product of the first number and the second number.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one or more symbols
  • a symbol group comprises a first number of symbol sets, a symbol set in the first number of symbol sets has a different number of symbols than another symbol set in the first number of symbol sets, the first number is equal to the spreading length
  • the terminal device is caused to: determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration; and apply the first number of spreading codes to the first number of symbol sets, respectively.
  • a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing comprises a second number of symbol groups, and the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the first spreading code of the first number of spreading codes is applied to the first symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a floor operation on a ratio of a third number to the first number, wherein the third number is the number of symbols in a symbol group, and a spreading code subsequent to the first spreading code is applied to a subsequent symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a ceil operation on the ratio of the third number to the first number, or the first spreading code of the first number of spreading codes is applied to the first symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a ceil operation on the ratio of the third number to the first number, and a spreading code subsequent to the first spreading code is applied to a subsequent symbol set with a symbol number being equal to the first symbol set, until the left symbols in one symbol group are less than symbols in the first symbol set, and the left spreading code is applied to the left symbols.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one symbol group
  • the terminal device is caused to: determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration, the first number equal to the spreading length; and apply the first number of spreading codes to the first number of symbol groups, respectively.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to a product of the first number and a second number, the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed every the first number of symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of a fourth number of symbol groups
  • the terminal device is caused to: determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration, the first number equal to the spreading length; and apply a spreading code of the first number of spreading codes to the fourth number of symbol groups.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to a product of the first number and a second number, the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the plurality of NPRACH symbols comprises at least one group of spreading units, each group comprising a first number of spreading units, the first number equal to the spreading length
  • the terminal device is caused to: determine respective codebook indexes for the at least one group of spreading units based on the code domain multiplexing configuration; and applying, for each group of the at least one group of spreading unit, the first number of spreading codes corresponding to the codebook index determined for the group.
  • the spreading mode indicates spreading without codebook index hooping
  • a codebook index for each group of the at least one group of spreading units is the same and determined as one of: an index comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, an index generated from an index range comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, or an index generated based on the spreading length indicated in the code domain multiplexing configuration.
  • the spreading mode indicates an interval length of a hopping interval for codebook indexes
  • the hopping interval comprises a plurality of spreading units and the plurality of spreading units in the same hopping interval are applied with spreading codes in the same codebook
  • a codebook index for the first hopping interval is determined based on the code domain multiplexing configuration
  • a codebook index for a further group hopping interval other than the first hopping interval is determined based on a predefined function of a codebook index for a hopping interval previous to the further hopping interval.
  • the predefined function comprises a pseudo-random hopping function.
  • the codebook index for the first hopping interval is determined as one of: an index comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, an index generated from an index range comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, or an index generated based on the spreading length comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration.
  • the pseudo-random hopping is based on the spreading length and a size of the spreading unit indicating a number of symbol groups comprised in the spreading unit.
  • the hopping interval is associated with the size of the spreading units.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one or more symbols, a symbol group comprises the first number of symbol sets, a symbol set in the first number of symbol sets has a different number of symbols than another symbol set in the first number of symbol sets, and the interval length has a symbol group number equal to an integer.
  • a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: receive, from the terminal device, a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) signal; and obtain a plurality of NPRACH symbols by de-spreading the NPRACH signal based on a code domain multiplexing configuration and a spreading code for NPRACH, wherein the code domain multiplexing configuration indicates at least one of a spreading length, or a codebook index.
  • NPRACH narrowband physical random access channel
  • a total number of symbol groups in a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to a product of the first number and the second number, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to the second number
  • regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed every symbol groups with a number of a product of the first number and the second number.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one or more symbols
  • a symbol group comprises a first number of symbol sets, a symbol set in the first number of symbol sets has a different number of symbols than another symbol set in the first number of symbol sets, the first number is equal to the spreading length
  • the network device is caused to: determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration; and apply the first number of spreading codes to the first number of symbol sets, respectively.
  • a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing comprises a second number of symbol groups, and the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the first spreading code of the first number of spreading codes is applied to the first symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a floor operation on a ratio of a third number to the first number, wherein the third number is the number of symbols in a symbol group, and a spreading code subsequent to the first spreading code is applied to a subsequent symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a ceil operation on the ratio of the third number to the first number, or the first spreading code of the first number of spreading codes is applied to the first symbol set with a symbol number determined based on a ceil operation on the ratio of the third number to the first number, and a spreading code subsequent to the first spreading code is applied to a subsequent symbol set with a symbol number being equal to the first symbol set, until the left symbols in one symbol group are less than symbols in the first symbol set, and the left spreading code is applied to the left symbols.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one symbol group
  • the network device is caused to: determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration, the first number equal to the spreading length; and apply the first number of spreading codes to the first number of symbol groups, respectively.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a second preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to a product of the first number and a second number, the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed every the first number of symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of a fourth number of symbol groups
  • the network device is caused to: determine a first number of spreading codes based on the code domain multiplexing configuration, the first number equal to the spreading length; and apply a spreading code of the first number of spreading codes to the fourth number of symbol groups.
  • a total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing is equal to a product of the first number and a second number, the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for a NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and/or according to a frequency hopping mode comprised in the spreading mode, regular frequency hopping is performed between adjacent symbol groups and pseudo frequency hopping is performed between adjacent second preamble repetitions for the NPRACH with code domain multiplexing.
  • the plurality of NPRACH symbols comprises at least one group of spreading units, each group comprising a first number of spreading units, the first number equal to the spreading length, and the network device is caused to perform the following operations at least once until the NPRACH signal is de-spread: determining a codebook index for each group of the at least one group of spreading units; and applying, for each group of the at least one group of spreading unit, the first number of spreading codes corresponding to the codebook index determined for the group.
  • the spreading mode indicates spreading without codebook index hooping
  • the codebook index for each group of the at least one group of spreading units is the same and determined as one of: an index comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, an index from an index range comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, or an index based on the spreading length indicated in the code domain multiplexing configuration.
  • the predefined function comprises a pseudo-random hopping function.
  • the codebook index for the first hopping interval is determined as one of: an index comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, an index from an index range comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration, or an index based on the spreading length comprised in the code domain multiplexing configuration.
  • the pseudo-random hopping is based on the spreading length and a size of the spreading unit indicating a number of symbol groups comprised in the spreading unit.
  • the hopping interval is associated with the size of the spreading units.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one or more symbols, a symbol group comprises the first number of symbol sets, a symbol set in the first number of symbol sets has a different number of symbols than another symbol set in the first number of symbol sets, and the interval length has a symbol group number equal to an integer.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a size of one symbol group, and the interval length has a symbol group number equal to a product of an integer, a second number and the first number, wherein the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing.
  • the spreading mode indicates that each spreading unit has a fourth number of symbol groups, and the interval length has a symbol group number equal to a product of an integer, the fourth number and the first number, or the interval length has a symbol number equal to a product of an integer, the third number, a second number, a number ratio and the first number, and the second number is equal to the number of symbol groups in a first preamble repetition for the NPRACH without code domain multiplexing, and the number ratio is a ratio of the fourth number to the second number.
  • a terminal device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
  • a network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
  • a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
  • a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
  • a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
  • a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
  • various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
  • the present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium.
  • the computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 18.
  • program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
  • the functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments.
  • Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
  • Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions/operations specified in the flowcharts and/or block diagrams to be implemented.
  • the program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
  • the above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • the machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium.
  • a machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • machine readable storage medium More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EPROM or Flash memory erasable programmable read-only memory
  • CD-ROM portable compact disc read-only memory
  • magnetic storage device or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Des modes de réalisation de la présente divulgation concernent une solution pour une transmission de canal d'accès aléatoire physique à bande étroite (NPRACH). Dans une solution, un dispositif terminal étale une pluralité de symboles NPRACH sur la base d'une configuration de multiplexage de domaine de code et d'un mode d'étalement pour un NPRACH, la configuration de multiplexage de domaine de code indiquant une longueur d'étalement et/ou un indice de livre de codes ; et transmet, à un dispositif de réseau, un signal NPRACH sur la base de la pluralité de symboles NPRACH.
PCT/CN2024/075626 2024-02-02 2024-02-02 Dispositifs et procédés de transmission de nprach Pending WO2025160991A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2024/075626 WO2025160991A1 (fr) 2024-02-02 2024-02-02 Dispositifs et procédés de transmission de nprach

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2024/075626 WO2025160991A1 (fr) 2024-02-02 2024-02-02 Dispositifs et procédés de transmission de nprach

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025160991A1 true WO2025160991A1 (fr) 2025-08-07

Family

ID=96589349

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2024/075626 Pending WO2025160991A1 (fr) 2024-02-02 2024-02-02 Dispositifs et procédés de transmission de nprach

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2025160991A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019061319A1 (fr) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 Qualcomm Incorporated Amélioration de capacité de canal d'accès aléatoire physique à bande étroite
WO2019127396A1 (fr) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-04 Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd. Procédé et dispositif de détection de nprach
US20200245363A1 (en) * 2017-08-09 2020-07-30 Lg Electronics Inc. Method for performing random access process and device therefor
WO2022053552A1 (fr) * 2020-09-11 2022-03-17 Université Du Luxembourg Détection de préambule d'accès aléatoire avec saut de fréquence à tonalité unique
WO2023132481A1 (fr) * 2022-01-10 2023-07-13 삼성전자 주식회사 Dispositif et procédé d'acquisition de synchronisation de liaison montante dans un système de communication sans fil

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200245363A1 (en) * 2017-08-09 2020-07-30 Lg Electronics Inc. Method for performing random access process and device therefor
WO2019061319A1 (fr) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 Qualcomm Incorporated Amélioration de capacité de canal d'accès aléatoire physique à bande étroite
WO2019127396A1 (fr) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-04 Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd. Procédé et dispositif de détection de nprach
WO2022053552A1 (fr) * 2020-09-11 2022-03-17 Université Du Luxembourg Détection de préambule d'accès aléatoire avec saut de fréquence à tonalité unique
WO2023132481A1 (fr) * 2022-01-10 2023-07-13 삼성전자 주식회사 Dispositif et procédé d'acquisition de synchronisation de liaison montante dans un système de communication sans fil

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP2023154075A (ja) 同期信号ブロックを送受信する方法及びそのための装置
EP2214450B1 (fr) Procédé de communication par canal physique pour l'accès aléatoire dans un système de communication sans fil
JP7411668B2 (ja) 無線通信システムにおいて信号を送受信する方法及びそれを支援する装置
JP7431322B2 (ja) 無線通信システムにおいて信号を送受信する方法及びそれを支援する装置
KR20190140983A (ko) 시간-주파수 자원의 송신 방향을 구성하는 방법, 및 장치
WO2023123609A1 (fr) Procédés, dispositifs et support lisible par ordinateur pour des communications
US20240422752A1 (en) Methods, devices, and medium for communication
WO2022225697A1 (fr) Indication des capacités de répétition de message et de groupage de signal de référence de démodulation
WO2024060246A1 (fr) Procédé, dispositif et support de stockage informatique de communication
EP4327614A1 (fr) Indication des capacités de répétition de message et de groupage de signal de référence de démodulation
WO2025160991A1 (fr) Dispositifs et procédés de transmission de nprach
US11419075B2 (en) Method and apparatus for transceiving data in wireless communication system
WO2025160990A1 (fr) Dispositifs et procédés de transmission de nprach
WO2023184273A1 (fr) Procédé, dispositif, et support de stockage informatique destinés à la communication
WO2025200032A1 (fr) Dispositifs et procédés de transmission de nprach
WO2025231915A1 (fr) Procédés et dispositifs d'amélioration de transmission de liaison montante
WO2025129534A1 (fr) Dispositifs et procédés d'étalement dans transmission en liaison montante
WO2025231772A1 (fr) Dispositifs et procédés de communication
WO2024148624A1 (fr) Procédés, dispositifs et support de communication
WO2025217821A1 (fr) Dispositifs et procédés de transmission en sub-band full duplex
WO2025208253A1 (fr) Dispositif, procédé et support lisible par ordinateur pour des communications
WO2024197843A1 (fr) Procédés, dispositifs et support lisible par ordinateur destinés à la communication
US20250267631A1 (en) Interference mitigation methods for backscattered ambient internet of things transmissions
WO2024103364A1 (fr) Procédé, dispositif et support d'enregistrement informatique de communication
WO2024103363A1 (fr) Procédé, dispositif et support d'enregistrement informatique de communication

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 24921045

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1