WO2025160989A1

WO2025160989A1 - Systems and methods for isac reference signal

Info

Publication number: WO2025160989A1
Application number: PCT/CN2024/075619
Authority: WO
Inventors: Junpeng LOU; Chuangxin JIANG; Mengzhen LI; Zhiqiang Han; Junchen Liu; Qi Yang; Juan Liu; Cong Wang; Rongwei SHI
Original assignee: ZTE Corp
Current assignee: ZTE Corp
Priority date: 2024-02-02
Filing date: 2024-02-02
Publication date: 2025-08-07
Anticipated expiration: 2026-08-02

Abstract

At least one aspect is directed to a system, method, apparatus, or a computer-readable medium of the following. In some embodiments, the method can include identifying, by a first wireless communication entity, one or more of a plurality of reference signals. In some embodiments, the method can include receiving, by the first wireless communication entity from a second wireless communication entity, a first message notifying whether the one or more reference signals are active for the sensing/communication service. In some embodiments, the method can include receiving, by the first wireless communication entity from the second wireless communication entity, a second message identifying which one (s) of the reference signals are configured for the sensing/communication service. In some embodiments, the first message is configured per RS resource, per resource set, per resource group, per resource set list, or per resource setting.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ISAC REFERENCE SIGNAL

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, including but not limited to systems and methods for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) signals.

BACKGROUND

The standardization organization Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is currently in the process of specifying a new Radio Interface called 5G New Radio (5G NR) as well as a Next Generation Packet Core Network (NG-CN or NGC) . The 5G NR will have three main components: a 5G Access Network (5G-AN) , a 5G Core Network (5GC) , and a User Equipment (UE) . In order to facilitate the enablement of different data services and requirements, the elements of the 5GC, also called Network Functions, have been simplified with some of them being software based, and some being hardware based, so that they could be adapted according to need.

SUMMARY

The example embodiments disclosed herein are directed to solving the issues relating to one or more of the problems presented in the prior art, as well as providing additional features that will become readily apparent by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompany drawings. In accordance with various embodiments, example systems, methods, devices and computer program products are disclosed herein. It is understood, however, that these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not limiting, and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art who read the present disclosure that various modifications to the disclosed embodiments can be made while remaining within the scope of this disclosure.

At least one aspect is directed to a system, method, apparatus, or a computer-readable medium of the following. In some embodiments, the method can include identifying, by a first wireless communication entity, one or more of a plurality of reference signals. The one or more reference signals are configured for a sensing/communication service. In some embodiments, the method can include receiving, by the first wireless communication entity from a second wireless communication entity, a first message notifying whether the one or more reference signals are active for the sensing/communication service. In some embodiments, the method can include receiving, by the first wireless communication entity from the second wireless communication entity, a second message identifying which one (s) of the reference signals are configured for the sensing/communication service. In some embodiments, the first message is configured per RS resource, per resource set, per resource group, per resource set list, or per resource setting. In some embodiments, the first message is configured per UE, per BS, per target, per sensing reference unit (SRU) , or per TRP.

In some embodiments, the one or more reference signals, belonging to a sending RS group, have different power levels. In some embodiments, the one or more reference signals are each associated with at least one of: a type; a power level; a transmission/reception node; a beam or beams; a resource or resources; a cell ID a or a cell ID list; a location of a TRP/gNB/BS/UE/RSU; a center frequency; a waveform; a modulation scheme; a coding and/or modulation scheme; on which sub-carrier Rx should be monitoring; modulation symbols on a particular sub-carrier; a time stamp; a transmit power; a transmit bandwidth; uncertainty; a Quasi Co Location (QCL) type; a spatial relation; a resource; a frame structure; a numerology; multiple access schemes; velocity related parameters; power related parameters; angle related parameters; distance related parameters; resource related parameters; or other parameters. In some embodiments, the one or more reference signals are notified as being associated with a group ID.

In some embodiments, respective existing IDs/indices of the one or more reference signals are associated with a new ID. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more reference signals is directly notified as being associated with other (s) of the one or more reference signals. In some embodiments, the one or more references signals are implicitly associated with one another. In some embodiments, the one or more references signals are associated with one another through their respective factors/conditions.

In some embodiments, the first message is sent through at least one of: a Downlink Control Information (DCI) signaling; a Sidelink Control Information (SCI) signaling; a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) ; a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling; a PC5-RRC signaling; an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) ; an NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) ; a Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP) ; one or more protocols associated with the sensing service; or a Non Access Stratum (NAS) signaling. In some embodiments, the method can include reporting, by the first wireless communication entity to the second wireless communication entity or a third wireless communication entity, one or more factors associated with at least one of the one or more reference signals that have changed.

In some embodiments, the method can include requesting, reporting, configuring, and/or recommending, by the first wireless communication entity, UE capability. In some embodiments, the method can include requesting, reporting, configuring, and/or recommending, by the first wireless communication entity, the first message. In some embodiments, the UE capability is associated with at least one of: a maximum bandwidth related to the sensing service; a minimum bandwidth related to the sensing service; a bandwidth related to the sensing service; a bandwidth range related to the sensing service; a maximum RS number related to the sensing service; a minimum RS number related to the sensing service; an RS number range related to the sensing service; an RS number related to the sensing service; or M RSs related to the sensing service that are processed with time N.

In some embodiments, the one or more reference signals are arranged as one or more patterns. In some embodiments, the patterns each include repetitions in a unit of one or more symbols. In some embodiments, the method can include the patterns each include one or more AGC symbols. In some embodiments, the method can include requesting, reporting, configuring, and/or recommending, by the first wireless communication entity, the first message which further indicates respective power levels of the one or more reference signals.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various example embodiments of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to the following figures or drawings. The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only and merely depict example embodiments of the present solution to facilitate the reader's understanding of the present solution. Therefore, the drawings should not be considered limiting of the breadth, scope, or applicability of the present solution. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustration, these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example cellular communication network in which techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example base station and a user equipment device, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 depicts an example of a PRS and PTRS with a PDSCH , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 depicts an example of the PRS and PTRS without the PDSCH, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 depicts an example of a first scheme, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 depicts an example of the second scheme, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 depicts an example of a DMRS in one or more subframes, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 depicts an example of a sensing RS pattern and/or mapping for a Remote interference management reference signal (RIM-RS) , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 depicts an example of the sensing RS pattern and/or mapping for the RIM-RS, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 depicts an example of the sensing RS pattern and/or mapping for the RIM-RS, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 depicts an example of the RS pattern and/or mapping for the RIM-RS with AGC symbols, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 depicts an example of the RS pattern and/or mapping for the RIM-RS with the AGC symbols, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 depicts an example of an AGC symbol surrounding C, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 depicts an example structure an SL mechanism, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 depicts another example of an AGC symbol surrounding C, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 16 depicts an example structure an SL mechanism, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 17 depicts an example of the AGC symbol in front of a slot, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 18 depicts an example of a frame in the time domain, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 19 depicts an example of communication with a reference signal, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 20 illustrates a flow diagram of a method for an ISAC reference signal, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A. Mobile Communication Technology and Environment

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network, and/or system, 100 in which techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the following discussion, the wireless communication network 100 may be any wireless network, such as a cellular network or a narrowband Internet of things (NB-IoT) network, and is herein referred to as “network 100. ” Such an example network 100 includes a base station 102 (hereinafter “BS 102” ; also referred to as wireless communication node) and a user equipment device 104 (hereinafter “UE 104” ; also referred to as wireless communication device) that can communicate with each other via a communication link 110 (e.g., a wireless communication channel) , and a cluster of cells 126, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138 and 140 overlaying a geographical area 101. In FIG. 1, the BS 102 and UE 104 are contained within a respective geographic boundary of cell 126. Each of the other cells 130, 132, 134, 136, 138 and 140 may include at least one base station operating at its allocated bandwidth to provide adequate radio coverage to its intended users.

For example, the BS 102 may operate at an allocated channel transmission bandwidth to provide adequate coverage to the UE 104. The BS 102 and the UE 104 may communicate via a downlink radio frame 118, and an uplink radio frame 124 respectively. Each radio frame 118/124 may be further divided into sub-frames 120/127 which may include data symbols 122/128. In the present disclosure, the BS 102 and UE 104 are described herein as non-limiting examples of “communication nodes, ” generally, which can practice the methods disclosed herein. Such communication nodes may be capable of wireless and/or wired communications, in accordance with various embodiments of the present solution.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless communication system 200 for transmitting and receiving wireless communication signals (e.g., OFDM/OFDMA signals) in accordance with some embodiments of the present solution. The system 200 may include components and elements configured to support known or conventional operating features that need not be described in detail herein. In one illustrative embodiment, system 200 can be used to communicate (e.g., transmit and receive) data symbols in a wireless communication environment such as the wireless communication environment 100 of FIG. 1, as described above.

System 200 generally includes a base station 202 (hereinafter “BS 202” ) and a user equipment device 204 (hereinafter “UE 204” ) . The BS 202 includes a BS (base station) transceiver module 210, a BS antenna 212, a BS processor module 214, a BS memory module 216, and a network communication module 218, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 220. The UE 204 includes a UE (user equipment) transceiver module 230, a UE antenna 232, a UE memory module 234, and a UE processor module 236, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 240. The BS 202 communicates with the UE 204 via a communication channel 250, which can be any wireless channel or other medium suitable for transmission of data as described herein.

As would be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, system 200 may further include any number of modules other than the modules shown in FIG. 2. Those skilled in the art will understand that the various illustrative blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logic described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any practical combination thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability and compatibility of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software can depend upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those familiar with the concepts described herein may implement such functionality in a suitable manner for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.

In accordance with some embodiments, the UE transceiver 230 may be referred to herein as an "uplink" transceiver 230 that includes a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and a RF receiver each comprising circuitry that is coupled to the antenna 232. A duplex switch (not shown) may alternatively couple the uplink transmitter or receiver to the uplink antenna in time duplex fashion. Similarly, in accordance with some embodiments, the BS transceiver 210 may be referred to herein as a "downlink" transceiver 210 that includes a RF transmitter and a RF receiver each comprising circuity that is coupled to the antenna 212. A downlink duplex switch may alternatively couple the downlink transmitter or receiver to the downlink antenna 212 in time duplex fashion. The operations of the two transceiver modules 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the uplink receiver circuitry is coupled to the uplink antenna 232 for reception of transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250 at the same time that the downlink transmitter is coupled to the downlink antenna 212. Conversely, the operations of the two transceivers 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the downlink receiver is coupled to the downlink antenna 212 for reception of transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250 at the same time that the uplink transmitter is coupled to the uplink antenna 232. In some embodiments, there is close time synchronization with a minimal guard time between changes in duplex direction.

The UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to communicate via the wireless data communication link 250, and cooperate with a suitably configured RF antenna arrangement 212/232 that can support a particular wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme. In some illustrative embodiments, the UE transceiver 210 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to support industry standards such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and emerging 5G standards, and the like. It is understood, however, that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited in application to a particular standard and associated protocols. Rather, the UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 may be configured to support alternate, or additional, wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variations thereof.

In accordance with various embodiments, the BS 202 may be an evolved node B (eNB) , a serving eNB, a target eNB, a femto station, or a pico station, for example. In some embodiments, the UE 204 may be embodied in various types of user devices such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , tablet, laptop computer, wearable computing device, etc. The processor modules 214 and 236 may be implemented, or realized, with a general purpose processor, a content addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. In this manner, a processor may be realized as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, or the like. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.

Furthermore, the steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in firmware, in a software module executed by processor modules 214 and 236, respectively, or in any practical combination thereof. The memory modules 216 and 234 may be realized as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. In this regard, memory modules 216 and 234 may be coupled to the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively, such that the processors modules 210 and 230 can read information from, and write information to, memory modules 216 and 234, respectively. The memory modules 216 and 234 may also be integrated into their respective processor modules 210 and 230. In some embodiments, the memory modules 216 and 234 may each include a cache memory for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor modules 210 and 230, respectively. Memory modules 216 and 234 may also each include non-volatile memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively.

The network communication module 218 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic, and/or other components of the base station 202 that enable bi-directional communication between base station transceiver 210 and other network components and communication nodes configured to communication with the base station 202. For example, network communication module 218 may be configured to support internet or WiMAX traffic. In a typical deployment, without limitation, network communication module 218 provides an 802.3 Ethernet interface such that base station transceiver 210 can communicate with a conventional Ethernet based computer network. In this manner, the network communication module 218 may include a physical interface for connection to the computer network (e.g., Mobile Switching Center (MSC) ) . The terms “configured for, ” “configured to” and conjugations thereof, as used herein with respect to a specified operation or function, refer to a device, component, circuit, structure, machine, signal, etc., that is physically constructed, programmed, formatted and/or arranged to perform the specified operation or function.

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model (referred to herein as, “open system interconnection model” ) is a conceptual and logical layout that defines network communication used by systems (e.g., wireless communication device, wireless communication node) open to interconnection and communication with other systems. The model is broken into seven subcomponents, or layers, each of which represents a conceptual collection of services provided to the layers above and below it. The OSI Model also defines a logical network and effectively describes computer packet transfer by using different layer protocols. The OSI Model may also be referred to as the seven-layer OSI Model or the seven-layer model. In some embodiments, a first layer may be a physical layer. In some embodiments, a second layer may be a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. In some embodiments, a third layer may be a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer. In some embodiments, a fourth layer may be a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. In some embodiments, a fifth layer may be a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer. In some embodiments, a sixth layer may be a Non Access Stratum (NAS) layer or an Internet Protocol (IP) layer, and the seventh layer being the other layer.

Various example embodiments of the present solution are described below with reference to the accompanying figures to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the present solution. As would be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, after reading the present disclosure, various changes or modifications to the examples described herein can be made without departing from the scope of the present solution. Thus, the present solution is not limited to the example embodiments and applications described and illustrated herein. Additionally, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein are merely example approaches. Based upon design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps of the disclosed methods or processes can be re-arranged while remaining within the scope of the present solution. Thus, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or acts in a sample order, and the present solution is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless expressly stated otherwise.

B. Systems and methods for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) signals

Currently, the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is rapidly developing. The advantage of ISAC is that communication and sensing use the same hardware and spectrum resources. The communication signal is for sensing, and target recognition, classification, and detection are executed by obtaining information such as angle of arrival, signal delay, Doppler frequency shift, position, velocity, among others. However, at present, there are still some problems to be solved in ISAC such as determining which signal/area/resource can be used for sensing or communication and identifying when/how to trigger the signal transmission for sensing or communication. The procedures of signal/area/resource selection, request, measurement, and reporting. Furthermore, a good reference signal (s) can be necessary for sensing or communication waveform.

In this disclosure, one or more strategies for a reference signal of sensing and/or communication are considered. Furthermore, this disclosure can consider the reference signal of ISAC based on the resource pattern, the (pre-) configurations of the reference signal (s) . Moreover, ISAC is a promising technology, and this disclosure is related to resolving the issues of sensing and ISAC technology.

Supplement 1

The RS involved can be one or more of the following: For communication, such as in NR system, the uplink reference signal (s) are as following: Demodulation reference signal for PUSCH, Phase-tracking reference signals for PUSCH, Demodulation reference signal for PUCCH, Sounding reference signal. Furthermore, the downlink reference signal can be at least one of the following: Demodulation reference signals for PDSCH, Phase-tracking reference signals for PDSCH, Demodulation reference signals for PDCCH, Demodulation reference signals for PBCH, CSI reference signals, RIM reference signals, and/or Positioning reference signals. Furthermore, the Synchronization signals, Primary synchronization signal, Secondary synchronization signal, SS/PBCH block can be considered. For the RS related with sidelink (sensing) , the signals can consider at least one of : Demodulation reference signals for PSSCH, Phase-tracking reference signals for PSSCH, Demodulation reference signals for PSCCH, Demodulation reference signals for PSBCH, CSI reference signals. Furthermore, Synchronization signals, Sidelink primary synchronization signal, Sidelink secondary synchronization signal, S-SS/PSBCH block can be considered. Furthermore, the CRS (Cell Specific Reference Signal) can be considered. What’s more, the new reference signals Phase Tracking Reference Signal, PBCH Reference Signal, and Time/Frequency Tracking Reference Signal can be considered.

Supplement 2

For sensing services and/or schemes associated with this disclosure, the working modes can be divided into mono-static A to A, bi-static A to B. The nodes A and B here can be either BS or UE, so six sensing types can be combined for single station sensing. Furthermore, sensing services can be also extended to the multi-sites collaboration, sensing structures. On the other hand, positioning services and/or other services similar to device-based sensing services can also use the inventions in this disclosure.

Supplement 3

In this disclosure, some strategies for sensing signal (e.g., reference signal, frame structure, time-frequency domain pattern, and waveform) are provided. In this disclosure, the RS is an example of signal, so the RS in embodiment may be extended to signal. At least one of the message (s) corresponding to the schemes/method/cases in this disclosure is/are used for UE 104 to UE 104 sensing, BS 102 to UE 104 sensing, UE 104 to BS 102 sensing, BS 102 to BS 102 sensing. For the signal/IE procedure (s) , at least one of the signal (s) /IE (s) in the schemes/method/cases of this disclosure may have following procedures: Signaling Layer Used, where Signaling is delivered through RRC , PC5-RRC, MAC CE, DCI, SCI indication, or NAS layer signaling such as LPP, NRPPa, SLPP; Signaling direction: UE1 104, BS1 102, core network1; UE2 104, BS2 102, core network2; between any two entities; Configuration: BS 102 configures RS for UE 104; SF configures BS 102/UE 104; UE1 104 configures UE2 104; Request: Any one of the entities sending message can send request message in the signaling direction; Feedback/report: Any entity that receives a message in the signaling direction can send a feedback/report message; or Recommendation: Any entity in the signaling direction can send a recommendation message to another entity (e.g., SF recommends the configuration parameters of the BS 102/UE 104) . Furthermore, the signal/IE above can contain signaling processes with corresponding capabilities (e.g., request, feedback, recommend) .

For example, the (pre-) configuration or parameter (s) can be send from a BS/UE to SF (aentity with sensing function) . Method 1: BS 102/UE 104 can request SF the (pre-) configuration or parameter (s) . SF reports the (pre-) configuration or parameter (s) (of a UE 104/BS 102) to UE 104/BS 102. Method 2: SF recommend the (pre-) configuration or parameter (s) to UE 104/BS 102. In another example, the SF cans send a notice to the BS 102/UE 104 for which (pre-) configuration or parameter (s) can be (re-) used for sensing service. Furthermore, the notice info contains at least one of a resource related id/indicator, resource set related id/indicator, or frequency layer id/indicator.

EMBODIMENT #1: A CONFIGURATION OF SENSING RS

For sensing service, the communication reference signal (s) (RS) or a new sensing related RS can be (re) used to do the sensing procedure. A single RS can be for sensing, the original communication, a new RS (also sensing related) . For example, reuse of one or more existing communication reference signals can be for perception. A sending configuration can indicate the communication signals for sensing.

Example 1

When using a legacy RS to do the sensing service, the core network unit (s) and/or a device can use a notice. For example, the positioning reference signal (PRS) can be executed for the sensing service. Thus, a notice (e.g., the PRS configuration (s) ) can be sent to a sensing UE 104 from a gNB or a core network unit (s) (e.g., the sensing function unit (SF) ) . In some embodiments, a notice (e.g., the PRS configuration (s) ) can be sent to a sensing gNB from the UE 104 or a core network unit (s) (e.g., SF) . In some embodiments, a notice (e.g., the PRS configuration (s) ) can be sent to a core network unit (s) (e.g., from the UE 104 or gNB) . Furthermore, the (PRS) configuration of sensing RS can contain the usage of the RS (e.g., different RS configurations) . For example, for the downlink the PRS- (Resource) -sensing can configure the PRS with a sensing service. When PRS- (Resource) -sensing is configured/present, the RS for sensing service can activate. If the IE PRS- (Resource) -sensing is absent, the RS cannot be for the sensing service, rather for positioning service.

In some embodiments, a different usage illustration is related with the RS (e.g., an IE (usageSensing) ) can illustrate whether the usage for sensing can activate as in the example below: usageSensing ENUMERATED {true} .

In some embodiments, an IE (usage) can illustrate which usage can activate as in the example below: usage ENUMERATED {positioning, sensing ... } .

The usage illustration can be configured per RS resource, per resource set, per resource group, per resource set list, or per resource setting. In some embodiments, the usage illustration can be configured per UE 104, per BS 102, per target, or per TRP. For example, the PRS can be configured for sensing service and the usage illustration can be configured per resource set and/or per TRP. Indicating and/or configuring different devices for different resource granularity, and/or different devices, can make the sensing service more flexible. Furthermore, when indicating/configuring larger granularity, corresponding resource overhead can be saved.

For an example, the usageSensing signal (s) are configured as following:

In some embodiments, the signal (s) are configured as following:

In some embodiments, the PRS can be configured for sensing service and the usage illustration can be configured per resource:

In some embodiments,

In some embodiments, the usage illustration can be configured by LPP, SLPP, NRPPa, and/or a NAS signal for sensing (service) .

In some embodiments, the PRS can be configured for sensing service and the usage illustration is configured per resource set list, per resource set or per resource.

Example 2

In some embodiments, multiple RSs can be for sensing. The multiple RSs can be the original communicating ones or a new RS. In some embodiments, multiple RSs can be in series with a single IE. The RSs can be indicated by the IE to have the same/different factors. For an example, the factor consists of an port and/or QCL relation. For sensing service, the communication reference signal (s) can be reused to execute the sensing procedure. When using the legacy RS to execute the sensing service, a notice can be transmitted between the core network unit (s) and/or a device. For example, the RS1 and RS2 can be executed for the sensing service.

The IE or a notice (e.g., the RS1 and RS2 configuration (s) ) should be sent to a sensing UE 104 from a gNB or a core network unit (s) (e.g., the SF) . In some embodiments, the IE or a notice (e.g., the RS1 and RS2 configuration (s) ) can be sent to a sensing gNB from a UE 104 or a core network unit (s) (e.g., the SF) . In some embodiments, an IE or a notice (e.g., the RS1 and RS2 configuration (s) can be sent to the core network unit (s) (e.g., the SF) from the UE 104 or gNB. For example, the PRS can be executed for the sensing service and a notice (e.g., the PRS and the PTRS configuration (s) ) can be sent to a sensing UE 104 from a gNB or a core network unit (s) (e.g., the SF) . In some embodiment, a notice (e.g., the PRS and the PTRS configuration (s) ) can be sent to a sensing gNB from the UE 104 or the core network unit (s) (e.g., the SF (sensing function) . In some embodiments, a notice (e.g., the PRS and the PTRS configuration (s) ) should be sent to a core network unit (s) (e.g., the SF (sensing function unit) ) from a UE or gNB.

Example 2.1

In some embodiments, by the stringing of RSs a grouping can be made of RSs for sensing. The RSs in the string can be related to one or more factors/conditions. A separate RS for reusing communications, or newly introduced for sensing can correspond to the one or more factors/conditions. The factor (s) /condition (s) can be based on the type of RS. For example, a sensing RS (group) consists of one or more types of RS (e.g., the PRS is related with sensing service) . The PRS can provide a sensing distance accuracy. In some embodiments, the PTRS can be related with the sensing service. The PTRS can provide a sensing speed accuracy. In another example, the PRS and the PTRS can be related to the sensing service. Thus, obtaining the sensing speed accuracy and the sensing distance accuracy. The factors/conditions can be based on the power of the RS. For example, the sensing RS (group) consists of one or more (transmission) power level (s) RS (e.g., one or more of the same transmission power RS can relate to the sensing service. In another example, one or more different transmission power RS can relate with the sensing service are consisted of the sensing RS (group) . Furthermore, the pathloss, RCS, or receiving power associated RS can relate with the sensing service. The pathloss (e.g., associated with a RS) , RCS (e.g., associated with an object) , and/or the receiving power (e.g., associated with a RS) can include a factor (s) /condition (s) corresponding to a RS and/or a sensing service (s) .

The factors/conditions are corresponding to a special relation of the RS and a TCI, QCL, beam index, a resource pattern, and/or a resource repetition. In the core network, the RRC can configure a TCI state related parameter. The TCI related parameters may consist of the TCI State Id, the triggering signaling (s) related to TCI, a TCI associated with UE, a TCI associated with an object (e.g., a sensing target) or a TCI associated with a gNB. The TCI state can associate with a gNB may consist of a TCI-StateId, QCL-TypeA (e.g., Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread) , QCL-TypeB (e.g., Doppler shift, Doppler spread) , QCL-TypeC (e.g., Average delay, Doppler shift) , or QCL-TypeD (e.g., Spatial Rx parameter) . The TCI state can associate with an object (e.g., a sensing target) consist of a TCI State Id. The TCI can correspond to Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, and/or Spatial Rx parameter.

One or more factors can associate with the sensing RS or an RS component of the sensing RS. The factors can include, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, or Spatial Rx parameter. In some embodiments, the factors/conditions may correspond to a node and/or a time parameter associated with the sensing RS. For example, the one or more RS sent by a device A, and the RS (s) can be received by another device B. The RS (s) can be the sensing RS, the device A is a sensing transmission node, and the device B is the sensing receiving node. Furthermore, the sensing RS are consisted of one or more RS (s) in a time window.

In some embodiments, the transmission/expected arrival time of the RS can be for the sensing service. In some embodiments, the RSs with one or more identical transmission periods can be for the sensing service. In some embodiments, the RSs can have a multiplicative relationship between periods. In some embodiments, the RS can include one or more different transmission periods. The factors/conditions may correspond to a (pre-) coding of the RS, PMI, Port, and/or a layer. For example, a message can contain/have relations with the sensing RS. The message can include at least one of a beam or beams, a resource or resource (s) , a physical cell id (PCI) or a PCI list, location of a TRP/gNB/BS/UE/RSU, a center frequency, a waveform, a modulation scheme (e.g., QPSK) , (pre-) Coding and/or Modulation Scheme, on which sub-carrier Rx should be monitored, modulation symbols on a particular sub-carrier, time stamp (e.g., slot index, symbol index) , transmit power, transmit bandwidth, uncertainty, QCL/spatial relation, resource (e.g., frequency, time domain) , Frame structure, Numerology, or multiple access schemes, frequency layer, Band, or BWP.

The factors/conditions can include at least one of Velocity related parameters (e.g., velocity/speed, Doppler, accelerated velocity, micro-Doppler) , Power related parameters (e.g., power /RSRP/RSRPP/RSSI/RSSIP (RSSI-per path) ) , Angle related parameters (e.g., angle, AOA (AOA, ZOA) ; AOD (AOD, ZOD) ) , Distance related parameters (e.g., distance, RTT, Delay, RSTD) , Resource related parameters (e.g., time, frequency, beam (e.g., spatial relation, spatial filter) ) , or others parameters (e.g., phase, LOS/NLOS, number of path, radar cross section (e.g., material, size, angle) ) .

In some embodiments, the factor (s) /condition (s) can include at least one of the value, value range, range list, value list (s) , threshold/limit threshold, threshold/limit threshold list, variation, variance, change in value, the limit threshold of variation (e.g., variance, change in value) , variation list (s) , variance list (s) , or change in value list (s) of at least one of these parameters. For example, for different conditions, the am resources can be present (e.g., the fast one corresponds to the first few resources of the PRS repetition; the slow one corresponds to the last few resources of the PRS repetition) . In some embodiments, an associated relation can be n –n, where n is one or more relations.

Each DL PRS resource set consists of K≥1 DL PRS resource (s) where each DL PRS can have an associated spatial transmission filter. Each sensing RS resource set consists of K≥1 sensing RS resource (s) where each sensing RS resource set can have an associated spatial transmission filter and/or the associated factors/conditions described herein. The sensing RS resource set can include a spatial transmission filter (e.g., angular) , and can extends to distance, velocity, or micro-Doppler, or extends to configurations down to per resource set. Furthermore, a resource set contains one condition, and a specific resource configures another condition.

In some embodiments, for a sensing RS (resource) set /group example. Each sensing RS resource/resource set/resource group consists of K≥1 (sensing) RS resource (s) where each has an associated condition/factor (s) (distance/range) . The factor (s) /conditions may be at least one of the factor (s) /condition (s) described herein. For example, a RS (resource) set /group consists of the same/different factors. All the RS in the set/group have an associated with same factor 1 (e.g., periodic) . In some embodiments, each RS in the set/group has an associated with different factor 2 (e.g., transmission power) . The authority can be a resource (set) can be related to the factor (s) /condition (s) including the spatial relation filter. The dependencies can be conditions that have various parameters, parameter thresholds, or parameter variations.

In some embodiments, the factor can be configured corresponding sensing RS per TRP/UE/Target. In some embodiments, the factor can be configured corresponding sensing RS per resource (set) . In some embodiments, the factor can be configured corresponding sensing RS per Frequency Layer. In some embodiments, the factor can be configured corresponding sensing RS per TRP, and/or per Frequency Layer. The associated relation can consists of one to one, one to more, more to one, more to more. For example, the corresponding relation between sensing RS resource and the factor (s) /condition (s) consists of one to one, one to more, more to one, more to more. Such as one sensing RS resource corresponds to one factor/condition, one sensing RS resource corresponds to more factor (s) /condition (s) , more sensing RS resource (sensing RS resource set/group) correspond to one factor/condition, and/or more sensing RS resource (sensing RS resource set/group) correspond to more factor (s) /condition (s) . For example , the sensing RS consists of at least one RS. The RS is corresponding to at least one of the above factors.

In some embodiments, one or more objects or protocols can be combined to form an RS for sensing. The one or more objects or protocols can include at least one of at least one of: a Downlink Control Information (DCI) signaling, a Sidelink Control Information (SCI) signaling, a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) , a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, a PC5-RRC signaling, an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) , an NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) , a Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP) , one or more protocols associated with the sensing service, or a Non Access Stratum (NAS) . For example, an original RS resource configuration can include a global ID. The global ID can associate with the one or more objects and protocols. The global ID can include at least one of the resource, resource set, resource setting, frequency layer, Band, or BWP.

In some embodiments, the use of a non-cyclic on demand (sensing RS) sensing and/or a cyclic sensing can provide support for sensing services. The support (for RS and/or services) can include Support Periodic sensing; Non-periodic on demand sensing RS; Continuous sensing signal, Semi sensing signal; Periodic (joint/combined/united) sensing RS; Semi-Periodic (joint/combined/united) sensing RS; and/or Aperiodic (joint/combined/united) sensing RS. One method can include an adoption Group ID string. The ID corresponds one or more RS. For example,

When an ID (Sensing-RS-index) is configured, the sensing RS may consist of the RS_1, RS_2, ..., and/or RS_n. The ID corresponds the RS (s) . For example, RS_1 is SSB, RS_2 can be a CSI-RS, and the ID (Sensing-RS-index) is 1. The ID 1 can associate with the SSB and the CSI-RS, the sensing RS the united RS of the SSB, and the CSI-RS.

Another method can be that the RS1 directly follows associated RS2, then maybe the associated RS3 and/or more RS. The flow of the second method can include a master-slave approach. Then add the associated RS (e.g., with ID, etc. ) . Using the approach, there can be less RSs, without sacrificing efficiency. For example,

A third method can include implicit indicate/serialize one or more RS for sensing. The third method can indicate one and use the one or more RS multiple times. For example, RS1 and RS2 can have a repetition transmission. RS1 and RS2 can identify as a united sensing RS. Thus, the repetition transmission may be a sensing RS. In another example, RS1 and/or RS2 can transmit periodically. Furthermore, RS1 and RS2 can identify as a united sensing RS in a first time transmission. Thus, the periodic transmission may be a sensing RS. The third method can include one or more factors/conditions associated RS as sensing RS, without an additional indicator. For example, one or more RS with the same spatial relation can be executed for sensing. In another example, one or more RS can be executed for sensing. The RS may include the same spatial relation, and/or from the same transmission and/or receiving point. Furthermore, the RS may be within a time limit (e.g., the RS1 and RS2 transmission within a slot) . In yet another example, one or more RS can be executed for sensing and can be within the same port. In yet another example, one or more RS can be executed for sensing and can be within the same band. In yet another example, one or more RS can be executed for sensing and can be with the same transmission power. In yet another example, one or more RS can be executed for sensing and can be within the same time limit.

The Sensing node can recommend a configuration and a notice communication related node. For the (joint/combined/united) sensing RS, the sensing related node may notice/recommend a configuration. The configuration may be different with the communication. If the configuration is active, the sensing related node can notice the communication node and send a message. In some embodiments, the message can correspond to the configuration (i.e., which may be recommend by a sensing node) . For example, a communication RS is transmitted by UEA 104 to UEB 104 with periodic Beam 1. When a sensing UE 104 reuses the communication RS to execute the sensing service. The sensing UE 104 may recommend a configuration to a node (i.e., the node may change the legacy configuration, such as UE 104 recommends a configuration to a BS 102, or a core network) and/or the UEA 104. If the node and/or the UEA 104 activates the recommend configuration, the node and/or the UEA 104 may notice the UEA 104, the UEB 104, the sensing UE 104, and/or another sensing UE 104 the configuration.

When a RS resource associated factor has been changed (e.g., a beam direction) , the transmission node can report the changes to the receive node or a third node (e.g., UE 104 to UE 104, UE 104 to BS 102, BS 102 to UE 104, BS 102 to SF, UE 104 to SF) . The transmission node, the receive node or the third node may be a UE 104, a BS 102, or a core network unit. Furthermore, the report can consist of the transmission of a configuration. For example, the sensing RS is periodic transmission. In another example, the sensing RS is a joint/combined/united RS corresponding a PRS and a PTRS, when chemical relationships are present or Reporting difference; a certain window of time within the transmission. If the chemical relationships change, update the chemical relationships, and report the update to the SF.

For the joint/combined/united sensing RS, the sensing related node may notice/recommend a configuration. The configuration may be different with the communication. If the configuration is active, the sensing related node will notice the communication node a message. The message corresponds the configuration (which may be recommend by a sensing node) . For example, a communication RS is transmitted by UEA 104 to UEB 104 with periodic Beam 1. When a sensing UE 104 reuses the communication RS to execute the sensing service. The sensing UE 104 may recommend a configuration to a node (the node may change the legacy configuration, e.g., UE 104 recommend a configuration to a BS 102, or a core network) and/or the UEA 104. If the node and/or the UEA 104 active the recommend configuration, the node and/or the UEA will notice the UEA 104, the UEB 104, the sensing UE 104, and/or another sensing UE 104 the configuration.

In some embodiments, the communication procedures, the node A and node B can be aware of a configuration. For sensing, the node A and node B can execute the communication procedure, when node C which will receive the message transmitted between node A and node B. Thus, the configuration of the message should be notice to the node C. Furthermore, a node D can be a middle node between the notice procedure (s) . For example, the node A sends the configuration to the node D, then the node D sends the configuration to the node C. For the method 3, the RS with legacy indicator/message reused for sensing, if the indicator/message can be obtained by the receiving node or other node, the signal procedures may not be added. If the indicator/message cannot be obtained by the receiving node or other node, the indicator/message may be sent to the receiving node or other node. For instance, the BS 102 can send the indicator/message to another UE 104, the UE 104 can send the indicator/message to another UE 104, the BS 102 can send the indicator/message to a core network unit, the UE 104 can send the indicator/message to a core network, a core network send the indicator/message to a BS 102, and/or a core network send the indicator/message to a UE 104. For example, the QCL relation between two resources is configured by BS 102, and transmitted to a UE 104. When the UE 104 sends the signal to the BS 102, the signal procedures may not be added.

In some embodiments, the UE 104 can send the signal to another UE 104, and the other UE 104 may not be aware of the QCL relation. The BS 102 may transmit the configuration to a core network unit. The core network unit may transmit the configuration to the other UE with a message.

Example 2.2

For the methods (e.g., the Method 1 and Method 2) , the detail examples (e.g., global, Sensing RS-Index, associatedRS1, associatedRS2, etc. ) , the reference signal PTRS can be executed for phase tracking for PDSCH. The reference signal DMRS can require PDCCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PUSCH, and/or PBCH. The PTRS can be executed for time tracking. In NR, the NR can include the new reference signals Phase Tracking Reference Signal, PBCH Reference Signal, and/or Time/Frequency Tracking Reference Signal. For an example of PRS and PTRS, PDSCH may or may not be present. FIG. 3 depicts an example 300 of the PRS and PTRS with the PDSCH 306. FIG. 4 depicts an example 400 of the PRS and PTRS without the PDSCH 306. In one or more schemes, an introduction of a new RS, similar to PTRS, but not dependent on other signals/channels (e.g., PDSCH) can occur. FIG. 5 depicts an example of a first scheme 500. In one scheme, no PDSCH or related RS or CH is present. FIG. 6 depicts an example of the second scheme 600. In a second scheme, the PTRs or REs of a PTRS in multiple RBs can be placed in one or more RBs to reduce wasted resources. The one or more RBs can associated with the saved RBs. For an example of PRS and DMRS, the PDSCH may or may not be present. For an example of PTRS and DMRS, the PDSCH may or may not be present. For an example of PTRS and DMRS, the PDSCH may or may not be present. FIG. 7 depicts an example 700 of the DMRS 704 in one or more subframes.

EMBODIMENT #2: UE CAPABILITY

For this embodiment, the UE 104 capability are considered for the sensing service. The UE 104, BS 102, or a core network unit can request the UE 104 capability from the UE 104. The UE 104 may report the capability to another UE 104, BS 102, or a core network unit. The UE 104 may recommend the capability to another UE 104, BS 102, or a core network unit. The UE 104 capability may consist of at least one of UE 104 capability associated with the max bandwidth related to sensing service, UE 104 capability associated with the min bandwidth related to sensing service, UE 104 capability associated with the bandwidth related to sensing service, or UE 104 capability associated with the bandwidth range related to sensing service. For example, a sensing RS with 10M bandwidth, and a UE 104 with the capability associated with the min bandwidth is 20M. Thus, the UE 104 cannot execute the sensing service with the 10M sensing RS.

For another example, a sensing RS with 20M bandwidth, and a UE 104 with the capability associated with the max bandwidth is 10M. The UE 104 may be a Redcap UE 104. Thus, the UE 104 cannot execute the sensing service with the 20M sensing RS. For example, a UE 104 may be a Redcap UE 104 and/or with the 10M bandwidth capability. Thus, the UE 104 can only do the sensing service with the 10M sensing RS. The UE 104 capability may consist of at least one of UE 104 capability associated with the max RS number related to sensing service, UE 104 capability associated with the min RS number related to sensing service, UE 104 capability associated with the RS number related to sensing service, or UE 104 capability associated with the RS number range related to sensing service. The RS number can be the total joint/combined/unite RS number. Such as a sensing RS (resource) consisting of two RS (e.g., PRS and PTRS) .

For example, a sensing RS is configured with 3 RS, and a UE 104 with the capability associated with the max RS number is 2. Thus, the UE 104 cannot execute the sensing service with the sensing RS associated with 3 RS. For another example, a sensing RS is configured with 1 RS, and a UE 104 with the capability associated with the min RS number is 2. Thus, the UE 104 cannot execute the sensing service with the sensing RS.

For example, a sensing RS is configured with 2 RS, and a UE 104 with the capability associated with the RS number is 2. Thus, the UE 104 can be executed for the sensing service with the sensing RS. If another RS is configured with 3 RS, the UE 104 cannot execute the sensing service with this sensing RS. A UE 104 capability associated with the M RS related to sensing service can be processed with time N.

EMBODIMENT #3: A PATTERN OR MAPPING RELATION OF SENSING RS

Considering the difference between the sensing signal transmission and the communication signal transmission. The CP of communication may be not suitable for the sensing signal. Thus, a new pattern and/or a method of signal mapping/pattern are provided. Furthermore, the AGC can also be considered.

Example 3.1

In some embodiments, the communication signal pattern/mapping can be reused with new illustration/indicators. In some embodiments, the communication signal pattern/mapping can be revised. A repetition pattern can be based on the legacy communication signal pattern. The repetition pattern method can repeat the legacy resource/signal/data/RS symbol in the next symbol (s) one or more times. FIGs. 8 to 10 depicts an example of a sensing RS pattern and/or mapping for a Remote interference management reference signal (RIM-RS) . In some embodiments, the RS pattern can be per symbol repetition (e.g., comb 1) as shown in example 800. In some embodiments, the RS pattern can be per symbol repetition (e.g., comb 2) as shown in example 900. A pattern repetition can be based on the legacy communication signal pattern. The pattern repetition method can repeat the legacy resource/signal/data/RS symbol/pattern in the next symbol (s) /resource (s) one or more times. In some embodiments, the RS pattern can be per two symbol repetition as shown in example 1000.

Example 3.2

The cases/schemes/examples in the example 3.1 can based on the AGC. In some embodiments, the communication signal pattern/mapping can be reused with new illustration /indicators. Furthermore, the AGC can be configured per resource, per slot, per resource group, per resource set, per frequency layer, or per resource setting. The communication signal pattern/mapping can be revised. The first method, the repetition pattern can consist of the AGC symbol. The second method, a AGC symbol can be configured based on the legacy and/or the repetition pattern and/or the pattern repetition. In some embodiments, the AGC symbol can repeat the first symbol of the legacy pattern. In some embodiments, the AGC symbol can repeat the last symbol of the legacy pattern. In some embodiments, the AGC symbol can repeat the symbol which has a same (transmission) power with the legacy signal pattern. FIGs. 11 to 12 depicts an example of the RS pattern and/or mapping for the RIM-RS with AGC symbols. The one or more RS can arrange as one or more patterns as shown in FIG. 11. The AGC symbols can occupy the pattern as shown in example 1100. The patterns can each include repetitions in a unit of one or more symbols. The patterns can each include one or more AGC symbols as shown in example 1200.

Example 3.3

For sensing RS pattern design, the AGC should be introduced. The sensing RS is related with the AGC period. Based on the situation that the receiving power is generally unknown, it is necessary to adjust after receiving the AGC symbol/slot (aperiod) , so as to better receive the signal that might otherwise be supersaturated. AGC can be introduced to solve the power supersaturation problem for sensing scenarios. Such as the UE/BS mono-static sensing scenario, and/or bi-static sensing scenario.

Scheme 1

In some embodiments, AGC can be added before symbols that send continues waves. In some embodiments, AGC can be added before each C. Since the current scheme can use a continuous wave for near-target sensing, the probability of saturated power may be higher for near-target echoes. Therefore, the enhancement can be mainly performed for the continuous wave for the symbol. In some embodiments, since C is sent as RIM RS on the symbol, the reference signal can be characterized by the same content of the front and back half of the symbol, so that the front half of the symbol can be considered as AGC use, and the back half of the symbol can be for sensing. FIG. 13 depicts an example 1300 of an AGC symbol surrounding C. C can be extended to divide the time duration in a symbol to satisfy the corresponding AGC and sent the original reference signal outside the outgoing AGC. In some embodiments, considering the existing SL mechanism for AGC processing time for direct repetition of a symbol. Further, the existing SL mechanism can support the usage scenario when the C symbol is sent to an RS that is not a RIM-RS. FIG. 14 depicts an example 1400 structure an SL mechanism.

Scheme 2

Each perceived C can be preceded by the AGC. Two or more C’s can share a common AGC. Considering if antenna oversaturation is caused by the antenna isolation, oversaturation power may not change drastically over time. Thus, it is possible to add an AGC before each sensed symbol sent. In this manner, FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 evolve into FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, respectively. Therefore, the AGC symbol can be a copy of the first C and can obtain the same characteristics of C.

Scheme 3

In some embodiments, considering that if antenna oversaturation is caused by antenna isolation, oversaturation power may not change significantly over time. It is possible to add an AGC in front of the slot where the sensing symbol is sent each time. FIG. 17 depicts an example 1700 of the AGC symbol in front of a slot. The symbol for AGC can be adjacent to the signal that requires AGC conditioning for reception. A non-adjacent scenario can be introduced given that the received power does not fluctuate during a time of interest. Therefore, obtaining knowledge of the symbol to utilize as AGC before receiving C. Further, Method 1 can be configured as a fixed pattern and Method 2 can dynamically indicate the symbol index, slot index, and an indication message. During transmission, the sender can notify the receiver of the sending power of each symbol, quantized into eight levels, one of which is selected each time. The send can send a notification by bitmap and transmit the power of each symbol in each slot. the transmit power can be recommended, request, or reply based. The indication relationship can be 1: 1 (i.e., one symbol acts as AGC for another; or 1: N, M: N) .

Furthermore, for the scenario where only one symbol of the slot is used for AGC. The first downlink or second downlink symbol in the structure can be reused as the AGC of the sense symbol. Since, the AGC does not have a requirement on whether to send RS or data, and the content does not need to be decoded when performing the automatic gain control. The content can ensure that the power of the AGC is the same as the power (e.g., the received power) of the resource location where the symbol is used (i.e., it is necessary to ensure that the received power is the same, but considering the power variation mainly receives antenna isolation effects, it is only necessary to consider the transmitted power) . In essence, it is necessary to ensure that the receive power is the same, but considering the power change can receives the antenna isolation influence. Thus, transmit power is the consideration) .

Therefore, based on the original frame structure, it can be understood that the transmission power of a symbol prior to C and the symbol of C can be consistent. The AGC can solve the problem through the realization.

Scheme 4

For AGC multiplexing and CP processing, in CP, smaller subcarrier intervals (e.g., 15kHz) , a symbol is about 66us at low frequencies, since the CP length for NCP is 144 * (1/ (15000*2048) ) = 4.6875e-06s = 4.69 us. Then 5.21 us /4.69 us for NCP and 16.6 us for ECP. For AHC hours, the AGC hours can be up to 15 us for FR1 and 10 us for FR2. The ECP can be used for sensing information transmission and multiplexing AGC with ECP to adjust the received power. When the AGC demand time is small, the NCP can use the CP to realize AGC processing. For higher subcarrier spacing, when the CP cannot be satisfied, a separate symbol can be used as AGC.

Scheme 5

In some embodiments, the received power is known in the general interval without the need to adjust directly in advance by receiving the AGC symbol to better receive the signal that may otherwise be oversaturated. For the fixed sensing equipment, in the A send A receive, the equipment can obtain the antenna isolation degree and other parameters in advance. In the sensing signal reception, the equipment can take the initiative in advance according to the antenna isolation degree, the transmission power, or other parameters, to adjust the reception power and to ensure that the equipment is in the linear amplification area.

According to the frame structure, the symbol can advance AGC processing, before receiving the corresponding symbol. At this time, the AGC can be estimated based on the given received power, or the received power of the last corresponding sensed signal. The effect theory can be better based on the assumption that the scatterers close to the transmitter are unchanged in a relatively stationary environment. Furthermore, the received power can be regulated by permanently assuming the presence of scatterers are close by. For example, when there is no scatterer in the vicinity, the return power is relatively small, and when there is a scatterer in the vicinity, the reflected power is relatively large. Based on this assumption, the equivalent received power saturation can be mainly caused by unsatisfactory antenna isolation.

Example 3.4

The combination of pulse waveforms and OFDM or LMF can avoid the problem of power oversaturation by quantizing the time dimension of the transmitted signal, adjusting the duty cycle linearly and continuously at each quantization interval (i.e., equivalent to adjusting the transmitted power at each moment) , reducing the overall transmitted power. Based on example 3.3, two levels of quantization: C, P; further extension -multiple levels of quantization, dynamically adjusting/configuring multiple sets of transmit power according to the transmit power regulation (based on the duty cycle being adjustable, the duty cycle is equivalent to adjusting the transmit power continuously for a given maximum transmit power; otherwise the overall transmit power needs to be reduced, i.e., given a different maximum transmit power) .

In some embodiments, not all pulse waves are invalidly received when they are sent (i.e., may or may not be received when they are sent) . Therefore, for the problem of continuous wave in the existing example 3.3, it is not limited to one or two complete symbols. Furthermore, it is possible to design a continuous wave that sends only the first half of the symbols, with a pulse waveform for the second half of the symbols.

When the duty cycle is close to one (i.e., close to continuous wave) , the overall transmit power can be low, and there may be echoes that do not meet the minimum receive power requirement. Therefore, adjusting the duty cycle and transmit power of the /continuous or semi-continuous scheduling can enhance flexibility. In addition, for communication, generally speaking, higher power can obtain higher communication performance. For interference saturation problems, when the current regulation of duty cycle is not applicable, the total transmit power may be certain. Thus, it is possible to reduce the transmit power. For example, when the transmit power is adjusted by the duty cycle is not satisfied, the transmit power at a duty cycle of 1 or 1/2 can be further reduced for a near-target. There can be a correlation between at least two of the following factors: Road Loss; Isolation; Transmit power; Duty Cycle; Sense link budget; Waveform. The above parameters can apply to both the BS 102 and the UE 104. For example, with the link adaptation mechanism for waveform, the BS 102/UE 104 can (i.e., through the core network element) adjusts the waveform of the sensed signal according to the relevant parameters such as road loss, isolation, transmit power, duty cycle, sensed link budget, and so on.

Flexible adjustment/sustained or semi-sustained scheduling can be used for one or more of the above parameters. Furthermore, the relationship between one or more of the above parameters can be flexibly adjusted/continuously or semi-continuously scheduled. Moreover, a pattern of one or more of the above parameters can be given by a (semi-) static or dynamic indication. The Signaling flow for the above parameters: via RRC, PC5-RRC, MAC CE, DCI, SCI instructions, or NAS layer signaling such as LPP, NRPPa, SLPP. For example, the (pre-) configuration or parameter (s) can be sent from a BS 102/UE 104 to SF (an entity with sensing function) by two methods. In Method 1: BS 102/UE 104 request SF the (pre-) configuration or parameter (s) . SF reports the (pre-) configuration or parameter (s) (of a UE 104/BS 102) to UE 104/BS 102. In Method 2: SF recommend the (pre-) configuration or parameter (s) to UE 104/BS 102. In another example, the SF can send a notice the BS 102/UE 104 which (pre-) configuration or parameter (s) can be (re-) used for sensing service. Furthermore, the notice info contains at least one of a resource related id/indicator, resource set related id/indicator, or frequency layer id/indicator.

EMBODIMENT #4: A METHOD TO OBTAIN A SENSING RS

FIG. 18 depicts an example 1800 of a frame in the time domain. The RS have the different lengths in the different/same symbol. For instance, the control info, PSS and SSS info in each symbol of a slot. When the info are used for a sensing service, the different RS (s) based on the proposed method, can be seen as one sensing RS. The sensing RS may have a better performance.

For example, reuse some signals of communication to design the sensing signal. The FIG. 19 depicts an example 1900 of communication with a reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS, TRS and PTRS) . These reference signals can be (joint) used for sensing (e.g., for the sensing period one slot and one RB) . For example, the (pre-) configuration of a communication reference signal can be sent from a BS 102/UE 104 to the SF (e.g., an entity with sensing function) . A first method can include the BS 102/UE 104 sending a request to the SF with the (pre-) configuration. The SF can report the (pre-) configuration of the UE 104/BS 102 to the UE 104/BS 102. In some embodiments, the SF can recommend the (pre-) configuration to the UE 104/BS 102. In another example, the SF can send a notice to the BS 102/UE 104 to determine which reference signal/data can be (re-) used for sensing service. The notice info contains at least one of a resource id, resource set id, or frequency layer.

It should be understood that one or more features from the above/following implementation examples are not exclusive to the specific implementation examples, but can be combined in any manner (e.g., in any priority and/or order, concurrently or otherwise) .

FIG. 20 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 2000 for an ISAC reference signal. The method 2000 may be executed by any one or more of the components and devices detailed herein in conjunction with FIGs. 1 to 19. In overview, the method 2000 may be performed by a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station (BS) or a radio access network (RAN) node) , in some embodiments. Additional, fewer, or different operations may be performed in the method 2000 depending on the embodiment. At least one aspect of the operations is directed to a system, method, apparatus, or a computer-readable medium.

The method 2000 can include the first wireless communication entity identifying one or more of a plurality of reference signals. The one or more reference signals can be configured for a sensing/communication service. A second wireless communication entity can send a first message to the first wireless communication entity. The first wireless communication entity can receive the first message from the second wireless communication entity. The first message can notify whether the one or more reference signals are active for the sensing/communication service. The first message can be configured per RS resource, per resource set, per resource group, per resource set list, or per resource setting. The first message can be configured per UE, per BS, per target, per sensing reference unit (SRU) , or per TRP. the first message is sent through at least one of: a Downlink Control Information (DCI) signaling; a Sidelink Control Information (SCI) signaling; a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) ; a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling; a PC5-RRC signaling; an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) ; an NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) ; a Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP) ; one or more protocols associated with the sensing service; or a Non Access Stratum (NAS) signaling.

The first wireless communication entity can receive a second message from the second wireless communication entity. The second message can identify which one (s) of the reference signals are configured for the sensing/communication service. The one or more reference signals, belonging to a sending RS group, can have different power levels. The one or more reference signals can each associate with at least one of: a type; a power level; a transmission/reception node; a beam or beams; a resource or resources; a cell ID a or a cell ID list; a location of a TRP/gNB/BS/UE/RSU; a center frequency; a waveform; a modulation scheme; a coding and/or modulation scheme; on which sub-carrier Rx should be monitoring; modulation symbols on a particular sub-carrier; a time stamp; a transmit power; a transmit bandwidth; uncertainty; a Quasi Co Location (QCL) type; a spatial relation; a resource; a frame structure; a numerology; multiple access schemes; velocity related parameters; power related parameters; angle related parameters; distance related parameters; resource related parameters; or other parameters.

The one or more reference signals can be notified as being associated with a group ID. At least one of the one or more reference signals can be directly notified as being associated with other (s) of the one or more reference signals. The one or more references signals can implicitly associate with one another. The one or more references signals can associate with one another through their respective factors/conditions. Respective existing IDs/indices of the one or more reference signals can associate with a new ID. The one or more reference signals can arrange as one or more patterns. The patterns can each include repetitions in a unit of one or more symbols. The patterns can each include one or more AGC symbols.

The first communication entity can report one or more factors associated with at least one of the one or more reference signals that have changed to the second wireless communication entity or a third wireless communication entity. The first wireless communication entity can request, report, configure, and/or recommend UE capability. The UE capability is associated with at least one of: a maximum bandwidth related to the sensing service; a minimum bandwidth related to the sensing service; a bandwidth related to the sensing service; a bandwidth range related to the sensing service; a maximum RS number related to the sensing service; a minimum RS number related to the sensing service; an RS number range related to the sensing service; an RS number related to the sensing service; or M RSs related to the sensing service that are processed with time N. The first wireless communication entity can request, report, configure, and/or recommend the first message. The first message can indicate respective power levels of the one or more reference signals.

While various embodiments of the present solution have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. Likewise, the various diagrams may depict an example architectural or configuration, which are provided to enable persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand example features and functions of the present solution. Such persons would understand, however, that the solution is not restricted to the illustrated example architectures or configurations but can be implemented using a variety of alternative architectures and configurations. Additionally, as would be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, one or more features of one embodiment can be combined with one or more features of another embodiment described herein. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described illustrative embodiments.

It is also understood that any reference to an element herein using a designation such as "first, " "second, " and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations can be used herein as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner.

Additionally, a person having ordinary skill in the art would understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits and symbols, for example, which may be referenced in the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

A person of ordinary skill in the art would further appreciate that any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two) , firmware, various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which can be referred to herein, for convenience, as "software" or a "software module) , or any combination of these techniques. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware or software, or a combination of these techniques, depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans can implement the described functionality in various ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions do not cause a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

Furthermore, a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand that various illustrative logical blocks, modules, devices, components and circuits described herein can be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit (IC) that can include a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. The logical blocks, modules, and circuits can further include antennas and/or transceivers to communicate with various components within the network or within the device. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration to perform the functions described herein.

If implemented in software, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Thus, the steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program or code from one place to another. A storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.

In this document, the term "module" as used herein, refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functions described herein. Additionally, for purpose of discussion, the various modules are described as discrete modules; however, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, two or more modules may be combined to form a single module that performs the associated functions according to embodiments of the present solution.

Additionally, memory or other storage, as well as communication components, may be employed in embodiments of the present solution. It will be appreciated that, for clarity purposes, the above description has described embodiments of the present solution with reference to different functional units and processors. However, it will be apparent that any suitable distribution of functionality between different functional units, processing logic elements or domains may be used without detracting from the present solution. For example, functionality illustrated to be performed by separate processing logic elements, or controllers, may be performed by the same processing logic element, or controller. Hence, references to specific functional units are only references to a suitable means for providing the described functionality, rather than indicative of a strict logical or physical structure or organization.

Various modifications to the embodiments described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein, as recited in the claims below.

Claims

A wireless communication method, comprising:

identifying, by a first wireless communication entity, one or more of a plurality of reference signals, wherein the one or more reference signals are configured for a sensing/communication service; and/or

receiving, by the first wireless communication entity from a second wireless communication entity, a first message notifying whether the one or more reference signals are active for the sensing/communication service.
The wireless communication method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the first wireless communication entity from the second wireless communication entity, a second message identifying which one (s) of the reference signals are configured for the sensing/communication service.
The wireless communication method of any of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first message is configured per RS resource, per resource set, per resource group, per resource set list, or per resource setting.
The wireless communication method of any of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first message is configured per UE, per BS, per target, per sensing reference unit (SRU) , or per TRP.
The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the one or more reference signals are each associated with the factor (s) at least one of: a type; a power level; a transmission/reception node; a beam or beams; a resource or resources; a cell ID a or a cell ID list; a location of a TRP/gNB/BS/UE/RSU; a center frequency; a waveform; a modulation scheme; a coding and/or modulation scheme; on which sub-carrier Rx should be monitoring; modulation symbols on a particular sub-carrier; a time stamp; a time window; a transmit power; a transmit bandwidth; uncertainty; a Quasi Co Location (QCL) type; a spatial relation; a frame structure; a numerology; multiple access schemes; TCI; Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, Spatial Rx parameter, PMI, Port, layer; velocity related parameters; power related parameters; angle related parameters; distance related parameters; resource related parameters; or other parameters.
The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the one or more reference signals are notified as being associated with a group ID.
The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein respective existing IDs/indices of the one or more reference signals are associated with a new ID.
The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more reference signals is directly notified as being associated with other (s) of the one or more reference signals.
The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the one or more references signals are implicitly associated with one another.
The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the one or more references signals are associated with one another through their respective factors/conditions.
The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the first message is sent through at least one of: a Downlink Control Information (DCI) signaling; a Sidelink Control Information (SCI) signaling; a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) ; a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling; a PC5-RRC signaling; an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) ; an NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) ; a Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP) ; one or more protocols associated with the sensing service; or a Non Access Stratum (NAS) signaling.
The wireless communication method of claim 1, further comprising reporting, by the first wireless communication entity to a second wireless communication entity or a third wireless communication entity, one or more factors associated with at least one of the one or more reference signals that have changed.
The wireless communication method of claim 1, further comprising requesting, reporting, configuring, and/or recommending, by the first wireless communication entity, UE capability.
The wireless communication method of claim 1 and/or 2, further comprising requesting, reporting, configuring, and/or recommending, by the first wireless communication entity, the first message and/or the second message.
The wireless communication method of claim 13, wherein the UE capability is associated with at least one of: a maximum bandwidth related to the sensing service; a minimum bandwidth related to the sensing service; a bandwidth related to the sensing service; a bandwidth range related to the sensing service; a maximum RS number related to the sensing service; a minimum RS number related to the sensing service; an RS number range related to the sensing service; an RS number related to the sensing service; or M RSs related to the sensing service that are processed with time N.
The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the one or more reference signals are arranged as one or more patterns.
The wireless communication method of claim 16, wherein the patterns each include repetitions in a unit of one or more symbols.
The wireless communication method of claim 16, wherein the patterns each include one or more AGC symbols.
The wireless communication method of claim 1, further comprising requesting, reporting, configuring, and/or recommending, by the first wireless communication entity, the first message which further indicates respective power levels and/or Duty Cycle of the one or more reference signals.
The wireless communication method of claims 1 and 5, further comprising requesting, reporting, configuring, and/or recommending, by the first wireless communication entity, the first message which further indicates an IE corresponding to at least one of the factors.
The wireless communication method of claims 1 and 5, further comprising requesting, reporting, configuring, and/or recommending, by the second wireless communication entity, the second message which further indicates an IE corresponding to at least one of the factors.
A wireless communication method comprising:

sending, by a first wireless communication entity to a second wireless communication entity, a first message notifying whether one or more reference signals are active for a sensing/communication service, wherein the second communication entity identifies, the one or more of a plurality of reference signals, wherein the one or more reference signals are configured for a sensing/communication service.
A wireless communications apparatus comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to read code from the memory and implement a method recited in any of claims 1 to 21.
A computer program product comprising a computer-readable program medium code stored thereupon, the code, when executed by a processor, causing the processor to implement a method recited in any of claims 1 to 21.