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WO2025159487A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour émission et réception de ppdu dans un système de réseau local sans fil - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour émission et réception de ppdu dans un système de réseau local sans fil

Info

Publication number
WO2025159487A1
WO2025159487A1 PCT/KR2025/001209 KR2025001209W WO2025159487A1 WO 2025159487 A1 WO2025159487 A1 WO 2025159487A1 KR 2025001209 W KR2025001209 W KR 2025001209W WO 2025159487 A1 WO2025159487 A1 WO 2025159487A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
field
ppdu
sta
sig
ueqm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/KR2025/001209
Other languages
English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
임동국
천진영
최진수
박은성
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LG Electronics Inc
Original Assignee
LG Electronics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LG Electronics Inc filed Critical LG Electronics Inc
Publication of WO2025159487A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025159487A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/22—Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
    • H04W8/24—Transfer of terminal data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a method and device for transmitting and receiving a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system.
  • PPDU physical protocol data unit
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WLANs wireless local area networks
  • IEEE 802.11 series of standards can be referred to as Wi-Fi.
  • WLANs include enhancements for Very High Throughput (VHT) in the 802.11ac standard and enhancements for High Efficiency (HE) in the IEEE 802.11ax standard.
  • VHT Very High Throughput
  • HE High Efficiency
  • EHT Extremely High Throughput
  • MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
  • APs multiple access points
  • UHR ultra-high reliability
  • the technical problem of the present disclosure is to provide a method and device for transmitting and receiving a PPDU using an unequal modulation (UEQM) technique.
  • UEQM unequal modulation
  • a method may include: generating a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) by a first station (STA); and transmitting the PPDU to a second STA by the first STA.
  • PPDU physical protocol data unit
  • STA first station
  • SIG ultra high reliability
  • a user field in an ultra high reliability (UHR)-signal (SIG) field in the PPDU may include a 1-bit indication indicating whether equal modulation (EQM) or unequal modulation (UEQM) is applied, and the size of the user field may be defined as 23 bits.
  • a method may include: receiving a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) from a first STA by a second station (STA); and processing the PPDU.
  • PPDU physical protocol data unit
  • STA second station
  • a user field in an ultra high reliability (UHR)-signal (SIG) field in the PPDU includes a 1-bit indication indicating whether equal modulation (EQM) or unequal modulation (UEQM) is applied, and the size of the user field may be defined as 23 bits.
  • UHR ultra high reliability
  • SIG ultra high reliability
  • EQM equal modulation
  • UEQM unequal modulation
  • UEQM which applies different modulation orders to each spatial stream during MIMO (multi-input multi-output)/beamforming transmission.
  • reception ambiguity of a receiving device can be reduced by indicating whether UEQM/EQM (equal modulation) is used.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a link setup process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a backoff process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a CSMA/CA-based frame transmission operation to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 6 is a drawing for explaining an example of a frame structure used in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of PPDUs defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating examples of resource units of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating examples of resource units of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating examples of resource units of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • Figure 11 illustrates an exemplary structure of an EHT-SIG content channel.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates the SNR difference between multiple spatial streams in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a method for indicating UEQM capabilities according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an EHT OM control field including a UEQM field according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates the operation of a transmitting device for a PPDU transmission and reception method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates the operation of a receiving device for a PPDU transmission and reception method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • first in one embodiment
  • second component in another embodiment
  • first component in another embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment
  • first component in another embodiment may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment
  • second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to various wireless communication systems.
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN system.
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN based on the IEEE 802.11a/g/n/ac/ax/be standards.
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN based on the newly proposed IEEE 802.11bn (or UHR) standard.
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN based on the next-generation standard after IEEE 802.11bn.
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a cellular wireless communication system.
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a cellular wireless communication system based on the LTE (Long Term Evolution) series of technologies and the 5G NR (New Radio) series of technologies of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 5G NR New Radio
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first device (100) and the second device (200) illustrated in FIG. 1 may be replaced with various terms such as a terminal, a wireless device, a WTRU (Wireless Transmit Receive Unit), a UE (User Equipment), an MS (Mobile Station), a UT (user terminal), an MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station), an MSS (Mobile Subscriber Unit), an SS (Subscriber Station), an AMS (Advanced Mobile Station), a WT (Wireless terminal), or simply a user.
  • a terminal a wireless device
  • a WTRU Wireless Transmit Receive Unit
  • UE User Equipment
  • MS Mobile Station
  • UT user terminal
  • MSS Mobile Subscriber Station
  • MSS Mobile Subscriber Unit
  • SS Subscriber Station
  • AMS Advanced Mobile Station
  • WT Wireless terminal
  • first device (100) and the second device (200) may be replaced with various terms such as an access point (AP), a BS (Base Station), a fixed station, a Node B, a BTS (Base Transceiver System), a network, an AI (Artificial Intelligence) system, an RSU (road side unit), a repeater, a router, a relay, a gateway, etc.
  • AP access point
  • BS Base Station
  • BTS Base Transceiver System
  • AI Artificial Intelligence
  • RSU road side unit
  • repeater a router, a relay, a gateway, etc.
  • the devices (100, 200) illustrated in FIG. 1 may also be referred to as stations (STAs).
  • the devices (100, 200) illustrated in FIG. 1 may be referred to by various terms such as transmitting device, receiving device, transmitting STA, and receiving STA.
  • the STAs (110, 200) may perform an AP (access point) role or a non-AP role. That is, in the present disclosure, the STAs (110, 200) may perform the functions of an AP and/or a non-AP.
  • the STAs (110, 200) When the STAs (110, 200) perform an AP function, they may simply be referred to as APs, and when the STAs (110, 200) perform a non-AP function, they may simply be referred to as STAs.
  • the APs may also be referred to as AP STAs.
  • the first device (100) and the second device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless LAN technologies (e.g., IEEE 802.11 series).
  • the first device (100) and the second device (200) can include interfaces for a medium access control (MAC) layer and a physical layer (PHY) that follow the provisions of the IEEE 802.11 standard.
  • MAC medium access control
  • PHY physical layer
  • the first device (100) and the second device (200) may additionally support various communication standards (e.g., 3GPP LTE series, 5G NR series standards, etc.) other than wireless LAN technology.
  • the device of the present disclosure may be implemented as various devices such as a mobile phone, a vehicle, a personal computer, an AR (Augmented Reality) device, a VR (Virtual Reality) device, etc.
  • the STA of the present specification may support various communication services such as voice calls, video calls, data communications, autonomous driving, MTC (Machine-Type Communication), M2M (Machine-to-Machine), D2D (Device-to-Device), and IoT (Internet-of-Things).
  • a first device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and/or one or more antennas (108).
  • the processor (102) controls the memories (104) and/or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal via the transceiver (106).
  • the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information/signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory (104).
  • the memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless LAN technology (e.g., IEEE 802.11 series).
  • the transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108).
  • the transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
  • the transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit.
  • a device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
  • the second device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and/or one or more antennas (208).
  • the processor (202) controls the memories (204) and/or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information/signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signals via the transceivers (206).
  • the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information/signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signals in the memory (204).
  • the memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless LAN technology (e.g., IEEE 802.11 series).
  • the transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208).
  • the transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
  • the transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit.
  • a device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
  • one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202).
  • one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC).
  • One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • PDUs Protocol Data Units
  • SDUs Service Data Units
  • One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed in the present disclosure, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206).
  • One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • signals e.g., baseband signals
  • One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer.
  • One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • DSPs Digital Signal Processors
  • DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
  • PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
  • FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc.
  • the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202).
  • the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.
  • One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and/or commands.
  • the one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof.
  • the one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and/or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and/or flowcharts of the present disclosure, to one or more other devices.
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or flowcharts of the present disclosure, from one or more other devices.
  • one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices.
  • one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, via one or more antennas (108, 208).
  • one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc.
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202).
  • one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and/or a filter.
  • one of the STAs (100, 200) may perform the intended operation of an AP, and the other of the STAs (100, 200) may perform the intended operation of a non-AP STA.
  • the transceivers (106, 206) of FIG. 1 may perform transmission and reception operations of signals (e.g., packets or PPDUs (Physical layer Protocol Data Units) according to IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be/bn, etc.).
  • signals e.g., packets or PPDUs (Physical layer Protocol Data Units) according to IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be/bn, etc.
  • operations in which various STAs generate transmission and reception signals or perform data processing or calculations in advance for transmission and reception signals may be performed in the processors (102, 202) of FIG. 1.
  • an example of an operation for generating a transmission/reception signal or performing data processing or operation in advance for a transmission/reception signal may include 1) an operation for determining/obtaining/configuring/computing/decoding/encoding bit information of a field (SIG (signal), STF (short training field), LTF (long training field), Data, etc.) included in a PPDU, 2) an operation for determining/configuring/obtaining time resources or frequency resources (e.g., subcarrier resources) used for a field (SIG, STF, LTF, Data, etc.) included in a PPDU, 3) an operation for determining/configuring/obtaining a specific sequence (e.g., a pilot sequence, an STF/LTF sequence, an extra sequence applied to SIG) used for a field (SIG, STF, LTF, Data, etc.) included in a PPDU, 4) a power control operation and/or a power saving operation applied to an STA, 5) an operation related to determining/obtaining/obtaining
  • various information e.g., information related to fields/subfields/control fields/parameters/power, etc.
  • various information e.g., information related to fields/subfields/control fields/parameters/power, etc.
  • various STAs for determining/acquiring/configuring/computing/decoding/encoding transmission/reception signals can be stored in the memory (104, 204) of FIG. 1.
  • downlink refers to a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and downlink PPDUs/packets/signals, etc. can be transmitted and received through the downlink.
  • the transmitter may be part of an AP STA, and the receiver may be part of a non-AP STA.
  • Uplink refers to a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and uplink PPDUs/packets/signals, etc. can be transmitted and received through the uplink.
  • the transmitter may be part of a non-AP STA, and the receiver may be part of an AP STA.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • a Basic Service Set corresponds to a basic building block of a wireless LAN.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, by way of example, the existence of two BSSs (BSS1 and BSS2) and the inclusion of two STAs as members of each BSS (STA1 and STA2 are included in BSS1, and STA3 and STA4 are included in BSS2).
  • the oval representing a BSS in FIG. 2 can also be understood as representing a coverage area in which STAs included in the corresponding BSS maintain communication. This area can be referred to as a Basic Service Area (BSA).
  • BSA Basic Service Area
  • an IBSS can have a minimal form consisting of only two STAs.
  • BSS1 consisting of only STA1 and STA2
  • BSS2 consisting of only STA3 and STA4
  • IBSS Independent BSS
  • Such a configuration is possible when the STAs can communicate directly without an AP.
  • a LAN can be configured when needed rather than being planned in advance, and this can be called an ad-hoc network. Since an IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity. That is, in an IBSS, STAs are managed in a distributed manner. In IBSS, all STAs can be mobile STAs, and access to distributed systems (DS) is not permitted, forming a self-contained network.
  • DS distributed systems
  • An STA's membership in a BSS can dynamically change, for example, when an STA is turned on or off, or when an STA enters or leaves a BSS area.
  • an STA can join the BSS using a synchronization process.
  • an STA To access all services in the BSS infrastructure, an STA must be associated with the BSS. This association can be dynamically established and may involve the use of a Distribution System Service (DSS).
  • DSS Distribution System Service
  • the direct STA-to-STA distance can be limited by PHY performance. While this distance limit may be sufficient in some cases, communication between STAs over longer distances may be required in other cases.
  • a distributed system can be configured.
  • DS refers to a structure in which BSSs are interconnected.
  • a BSS may exist as an extended component of a network composed of multiple BSSs, as illustrated in Figure 2.
  • DS is a logical concept and can be specified by the characteristics of a distributed system medium (DSM).
  • DSM distributed system medium
  • WM Wireless Medium
  • DSM can be logically distinguished.
  • Each logical medium is used for a different purpose and by different components. These media are neither limited to being identical nor limited to being different.
  • This logical difference between multiple media explains the flexibility of the WLAN architecture (DS architecture or other network architectures).
  • the WLAN architecture can be implemented in various ways, and the physical characteristics of each implementation can independently specify the WLAN architecture.
  • a DS can support mobile devices by providing seamless integration of multiple BSSs and the logical services necessary to handle addresses to destinations. Additionally, a DS may further include a component called a portal, which acts as a bridge for connecting wireless LANs to other networks (e.g., IEEE 802.X).
  • a portal acts as a bridge for connecting wireless LANs to other networks (e.g., IEEE 802.X).
  • An AP is an entity that enables access to a DS through a WM for associated non-AP STAs and also has the functionality of an STA. Data movement between a BSS and a DS can be performed through an AP.
  • STA2 and STA3 illustrated in FIG. 2 have the functionality of an STA and provide the function of allowing associated non-AP STAs (STA1 and STA4) to access the DS.
  • all APs are basically STAs, all APs are addressable entities.
  • the address used by an AP for communication on a WM and the address used by an AP for communication on a DSM do not necessarily have to be the same.
  • a BSS consisting of an AP and one or more STAs can be referred to as an infrastructure BSS.
  • Data transmitted from one of the STA(s) associated with an AP to the STA address of that AP may always be received on an uncontrolled port and processed by an IEEE 802.1X port access entity.
  • the transmitted data (or frame) may be forwarded to the DS.
  • an extended service set may be established to provide wider coverage.
  • An ESS is a network of arbitrary size and complexity, consisting of DSs and BSSs.
  • An ESS may correspond to a set of BSSs connected to a DS. However, an ESS does not include a DS.
  • An ESS network is characterized by appearing as an IBSS at the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer. STAs within an ESS can communicate with each other, and mobile STAs can move from one BSS to another (within the same ESS) transparently to the LLC.
  • APs within an ESS may have the same SSID (service set identification). The SSID is distinct from the BSSID, which is the identifier of the BSS.
  • BSSs can be partially overlapping, which is commonly used to provide continuous coverage. BSSs can also be physically disconnected, and there is no logical distance limit between them. BSSs can also be physically co-located, which can be used to provide redundancy.
  • IBSS or ESS networks can physically co-exist with one (or more) ESS networks. This can occur in cases where an ad-hoc network operates at the same location as an ESS network, where physically overlapping wireless networks are configured by different organizations, or where two or more different access and security policies are required at the same location.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a link setup process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the link setup process can also be referred to as the session initiation process or session setup process.
  • the discovery, authentication, association, and security setup processes of the link setup process can be collectively referred to as the association process.
  • the STA may perform a network discovery operation.
  • This network discovery operation may include scanning operations by the STA. That is, for the STA to access a network, it must search for available networks. Before joining a wireless network, the STA must identify compatible networks. The process of identifying networks in a specific area is called scanning.
  • Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a network discovery operation including an active scanning process as an example.
  • active scanning an STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame to discover any APs in the vicinity while moving between channels and waits for a response.
  • the responder transmits a probe response frame in response to the STA that transmitted the probe request frame.
  • the responder may be the STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned.
  • the AP transmits the beacon frame, so the AP becomes the responder.
  • the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting beacon frames, so the responder is not fixed.
  • an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 can store BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame and move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2) to perform scanning (i.e., transmitting and receiving probe requests/responses on channel 2) in the same manner.
  • the next channel e.g., channel 2
  • scanning i.e., transmitting and receiving probe requests/responses on channel 2
  • the scanning operation can also be performed in a passive scanning manner.
  • passive scanning the STA performing the scanning moves between channels and waits for a beacon frame.
  • a beacon frame is one of the management frames defined in IEEE 802.11. It announces the existence of a wireless network and is periodically transmitted so that the STA performing the scanning can find the wireless network and participate in the wireless network.
  • the AP performs the role of periodically transmitting the beacon frame
  • the IBSS the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting the beacon frame.
  • the STA performing the scanning receives a beacon frame, it stores the information about the BSS included in the beacon frame and moves to another channel, recording the beacon frame information on each channel.
  • the STA receiving the beacon frame stores the BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame and moves to the next channel to perform scanning on the next channel in the same manner. Comparing active scanning and passive scanning, active scanning has the advantage of lower delay and power consumption than passive scanning.
  • step S320 After the STA discovers the network, an authentication process may be performed in step S320.
  • This authentication process may be referred to as the first authentication process to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation of step S340 described below.
  • the authentication process involves the STA sending an authentication request frame to the AP, and the AP responding by sending an authentication response frame to the STA.
  • the authentication frame used for the authentication request/response corresponds to a management frame.
  • the authentication frame may include information such as an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a Robust Security Network (RSN), and a Finite Cyclic Group. These are just some examples of information that may be included in an authentication request/response frame, and may be replaced with other information or include additional information.
  • RSN Robust Security Network
  • An STA can send an authentication request frame to an AP.
  • the AP can determine whether to grant authentication to the STA based on the information contained in the received authentication request frame.
  • the AP can provide the result of the authentication process to the STA via an authentication response frame.
  • an association process may be performed in step S330.
  • the association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and in response, the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA.
  • the association request frame may include information about various capabilities, a beacon listen interval, a service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, an RSN, a mobility domain, supported operating classes, a Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request, interworking service capabilities, etc.
  • the association response frame may include information about various capabilities, a status code, an Association ID (AID), supported rates, an Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter set, a Received Channel Power Indicator (RCPI), a Received Signal to Noise Indicator (RSNI), a mobility domain, a timeout interval (e.g., an association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, a TIM broadcast response, a Quality of Service (QoS) map, etc.
  • AID Association ID
  • EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
  • RCPI Received Channel Power Indicator
  • RSNI Received Signal to Noise Indicator
  • timeout interval e.g., an association comeback time
  • overlapping BSS scan parameters e.g.,
  • a security setup process may be performed in step S340.
  • the security setup process in step S340 may be referred to as an authentication process through a Robust Security Network Association (RSNA) request/response
  • the authentication process in step S320 may be referred to as a first authentication process
  • the security setup process in step S340 may also be referred to simply as an authentication process.
  • RSNA Robust Security Network Association
  • the security setup process of step S340 may include, for example, a process of establishing a private key through a four-way handshaking using an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame. Furthermore, the security setup process may be performed according to a security method not defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard.
  • EAPOL Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a backoff process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the basic access mechanism of MAC is Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA).
  • CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
  • DCF Distributed Coordination Function
  • the AP and/or STA may perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) to sense the wireless channel or medium for a predetermined time period (e.g., a DCF Inter-Frame Space (DIFS)) before starting transmission. If the sensing result determines that the medium is in an idle state, the AP and/or STA may start transmitting frames through the medium.
  • CCA Clear Channel Assessment
  • DIFS DCF Inter-Frame Space
  • the AP and/or STA may not start its own transmission, but may wait for a delay period (e.g., a random backoff period) for medium access before attempting to transmit frames.
  • a delay period e.g., a random backoff period
  • multiple STAs are expected to attempt to transmit frames after waiting for different periods of time, thereby minimizing collisions.
  • the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol provides the Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF).
  • the HCF is based on the DCF and the Point Coordination Function (PCF).
  • the PCF is a polling-based synchronous access method that periodically polls all receiving APs and/or STAs to ensure that they receive data frames.
  • the HCF has the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) and the HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA).
  • EDCA is a contention-based access method for a provider to provide data frames to multiple users, while the HCCA uses a non-contention-based channel access method that utilizes a polling mechanism.
  • the HCF includes a medium access mechanism to improve the Quality of Service (QoS) of the wireless LAN, and can transmit QoS data in both the Contention Period (CP) and the Contention Free Period (CFP).
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • a random backoff period When an occupied/busy medium changes to an idle state, multiple STAs may attempt to transmit data (or frames). To minimize collisions, each STA may select a random backoff count, wait for the corresponding slot time, and then attempt transmission.
  • the random backoff count has a pseudo-random integer value and may be determined as one of the values in the range of 0 to CW.
  • CW is a contention window parameter value.
  • the CW parameter is initially given a value of CWmin, but may double the value in case of a transmission failure (e.g., if an ACK for a transmitted frame is not received).
  • the STA continues to monitor the medium while counting down the backoff slots according to the determined backoff count value. If the medium is monitored as occupied, the countdown stops and waits. When the medium becomes idle, the remaining countdown resumes.
  • STA3 when a packet to be transmitted reaches the MAC of STA3, STA3 can immediately transmit a frame if it confirms that the medium is idle for DIFS. The remaining STAs monitor the medium for occupied/busy states and wait. In the meantime, data to be transmitted may also occur in each of STA1, STA2, and STA5, and each STA can count down the backoff slot according to a random backoff count value selected by each STA after waiting for DIFS if the medium is monitored as idle. Assume that STA2 selects the smallest backoff count value and STA1 selects the largest backoff count value.
  • this example shows a case where the remaining backoff time of STA5 is shorter than the remaining backoff time of STA1 when STA2 finishes the backoff count and starts frame transmission.
  • STA1 and STA5 briefly stop counting down and wait while STA2 occupies the medium.
  • STA1 and STA5 wait for DIFS and then resume the backoff count that they had stopped. That is, they can start transmitting frames after counting down the remaining backoff slots equal to the remaining backoff time. Since STA5's remaining backoff time is shorter than STA1's, STA5 starts transmitting frames. While STA2 occupies the medium, STA4 may also have data to transmit.
  • STA4 From STA4's perspective, when the medium becomes idle, it waits for DIFS, counts down according to its selected random backoff count value, and then starts transmitting frames.
  • the remaining backoff time of STA5 coincidentally matches the random backoff count value of STA4, in which case a collision may occur between STA4 and STA5. If a collision occurs, neither STA4 nor STA5 will receive an ACK, resulting in a failure in data transmission. In this case, STA4 and STA5 can select a random backoff count value and perform a countdown after doubling the CW value.
  • STA1 waits while the medium is occupied by transmissions from STA4 and STA5, and when the medium becomes idle, it waits for DIFS and can start transmitting frames after the remaining backoff time elapses.
  • a data frame is a frame used for transmitting data forwarded to a higher layer, and can be transmitted after a backoff performed after DIFS elapses from when the medium becomes idle.
  • a management frame is a frame used for exchanging management information that is not forwarded to a higher layer, and is transmitted after a backoff performed after an IFS elapses, such as DIFS or PIFS (Point coordination function IFS).
  • Subtype frames of a management frame include a beacon, an association request/response, a re-association request/response, a probe request/response, and an authentication request/response.
  • a control frame is a frame used to control access to the medium.
  • the subtype frames of the control frame include Request-To-Send (RTS), Clear-To-Send (CTS), Acknowledgment (ACK), Power Save-Poll (PS-Poll), Block ACK (BlockAck), Block ACK Request (BlockACKReq), Null Data Packet Announcement (NDP), and Trigger.
  • RTS Request-To-Send
  • CTS Clear-To-Send
  • ACK Acknowledgment
  • PS-Poll Power Save-Poll
  • Block ACK Block ACK
  • BlockACKReq Block ACK Request
  • NDP Null Data Packet Announcement
  • Trigger Trigger. If the control frame is not a response frame to the previous frame, it is transmitted after a backoff performed after the DIFS (Direct Inverse Frame Stop) has elapsed, and if it is a response frame to the previous frame, it is transmitted without a backoff performed after the SIFS (short IFS).
  • DIFS Direct Inverse Frame Stop
  • SIFS Short IFS
  • a QoS (Quality of Service) STA can transmit a frame after a backoff performed after the AIFS (arbitration IFS) for the access category (AC) to which the frame belongs, i.e., AIFS[i] (where i is a value determined by the AC), has elapsed.
  • AIFS aromatic IFS
  • the frames for which AIFS[i] can be used can be data frames, management frames, and also control frames that are not response frames.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a CSMA/CA-based frame transmission operation to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the CSMA/CA mechanism includes virtual carrier sensing in addition to physical carrier sensing, in which STAs directly sense the medium.
  • Virtual carrier sensing is intended to address potential issues in medium access, such as the hidden node problem.
  • the MAC of an STA can utilize a Network Allocation Vector (NAV).
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • the NAV is a value that an STA that is currently using or has the right to use the medium indicates to other STAs the remaining time until the medium becomes available. Therefore, the value set as NAV corresponds to the period during which the STA transmitting the frame is scheduled to use the medium, and an STA receiving the NAV value is prohibited from accessing the medium during that period.
  • the NAV can be set based on the value of the "duration" field in the MAC header of the frame.
  • STA1 wants to transmit data to STA2, and STA3 is in a position to overhear some or all of the frames transmitted and received between STA1 and STA2.
  • a mechanism using RTS/CTS frames may be applied.
  • STA3 may determine that the medium is idle based on carrier sensing results. That is, STA1 may correspond to a hidden node for STA3.
  • STA2 may correspond to a hidden node for STA3.
  • STAs outside the transmission range of either STA1 or STA2, or STAs outside the carrier sensing range for transmissions from STA1 or STA3, may not attempt to occupy the channel during data transmission and reception between STA1 and STA2.
  • STA1 can determine whether a channel is occupied through carrier sensing.
  • STA1 can determine channel occupancy idleness based on the energy level or signal correlation detected in the channel.
  • STA1 can determine the channel occupancy status using a network allocation vector (NAV) timer.
  • NAV network allocation vector
  • STA1 can transmit an RTS frame to STA2 after performing a backoff if the channel is idle during the DIFS.
  • STA2 can transmit a CTS frame, which is a response to the RTS frame, to STA1 after an SIFS if it receives the RTS frame.
  • STA3 can use the duration information contained in the RTS frame to set a NAV timer for the subsequent consecutively transmitted frame transmission period (e.g., SIFS + CTS frame + SIFS + data frame + SIFS + ACK frame).
  • STA3 can use the duration information contained in the CTS frame to set a NAV timer for the subsequent consecutively transmitted frame transmission period (e.g., SIFS + data frame + SIFS + ACK frame).
  • STA3 can overhear one or more of the RTS or CTS frames from one or more of STA1 or STA2, it can set a NAV accordingly. If STA3 receives a new frame before the NAV timer expires, it can update the NAV timer using the duration information contained in the new frame. STA3 does not attempt channel access until the NAV timer expires.
  • STA1 receives a CTS frame from STA2, it can transmit a data frame to STA2 after SIFS from the time when the CTS frame is completely received. If STA2 successfully receives the data frame, it can transmit an ACK frame in response to the data frame to STA1 after SIFS.
  • STA3 can determine whether the channel is in use through carrier sensing if the NAV timer expires. If STA3 determines that the channel is not in use by another terminal during the DIFS after the NAV timer expires, it can attempt channel access after a contention window (CW) based on a random backoff has elapsed.
  • CW contention window
  • FIG. 6 is a drawing for explaining an example of a frame structure used in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the PHY layer can prepare an MPDU (MAC PDU) to be transmitted based on an instruction or primitive (meaning a set of instructions or parameters) from the MAC layer. For example, when a command requesting the start of transmission of the PHY layer is received from the MAC layer, the PHY layer can switch to transmission mode and transmit the information (e.g., data) provided by the MAC layer in the form of a frame. In addition, when the PHY layer detects a valid preamble of the received frame, it monitors the header of the preamble and sends a command to the MAC layer notifying the start of reception of the PHY layer.
  • MPDU MPDU
  • PPDU PHY layer Protocol Data Unit
  • a basic PPDU may include a Short Training Field (STF), a Long Training Field (LTF), a SIGNAL (SIG) field, and a Data field.
  • STF Short Training Field
  • LTF Long Training Field
  • SIG SIGNAL
  • Data field e.g., Data field
  • PPDU format may consist of only the Legacy-STF (L-STF), Legacy-LTF (L-LTF), Legacy-SIG (L-SIG) fields, and a Data field.
  • RL-SIG RL-SIG
  • U-SIG non-legacy SIG field
  • non-legacy STF non-legacy LTF
  • xx-SIG xx-SIG
  • xx-LTF e.g., xx is HT, VHT, HE, EHT, etc.
  • STF is a signal for signal detection, AGC (Automatic Gain Control), diversity selection, and precise time synchronization
  • LTF is a signal for channel estimation, frequency error estimation, etc.
  • STF and LTF can be said to be signals for synchronization and channel estimation of the OFDM physical layer.
  • the SIG field may include various information related to PPDU transmission and reception.
  • the L-SIG field may consist of 24 bits and may include a 4-bit Rate field, a 1-bit Reserved bit, a 12-bit Length field, a 1-bit Parity field, and a 6-bit Tail field.
  • the RATE field may include information about the modulation and coding rate of data.
  • the 12-bit Length field may include information about the length or time duration of the PPDU.
  • the value of the 12-bit Length field may be determined based on the type of the PPDU. For example, for a non-HT, HT, VHT, or EHT PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3.
  • the value of the Length field can be determined as a multiple of 3 + 1 or a multiple of 3 + 2.
  • the data field may include a SERVICE field, a Physical layer Service Data Unit (PSDU), a PPDU TAIL bit, and, if necessary, padding bits.
  • PSDU Physical layer Service Data Unit
  • PPDU TAIL bit may be used to synchronize the descrambler at the receiving end.
  • the PSDU corresponds to a MAC PDU defined at the MAC layer and may contain data generated/used by upper layers.
  • the PPDU TAIL bit may be used to return the encoder to a 0 state.
  • the padding bit may be used to adjust the length of the data field to a predetermined unit.
  • MAC PDUs are defined according to various MAC frame formats, and a basic MAC frame consists of a MAC header, a frame body, and a Frame Check Sequence (FCS).
  • a MAC frame is composed of MAC PDUs and can be transmitted/received through the PSDU in the data portion of the PPDU format.
  • the MAC header includes a Frame Control field, a Duration/ID field, an Address field, etc.
  • the Frame Control field may include control information required for frame transmission/reception.
  • the Duration/ID field may be set to a time for transmitting the corresponding frame, etc.
  • the Address subfields may indicate the receiver address, transmitter address, destination address, and source address of the frame, and some Address subfields may be omitted. For specific details of each subfield of the MAC header, including the Sequence Control, QoS Control, and HT Control subfields, refer to the IEEE 802.11 standard document.
  • NDP Null-Data PPDU
  • L-STF L-STF
  • L-LTF L-SIG fields
  • non-legacy SIG non-legacy STF
  • non-legacy LTF in the general PPDU format, and does not include the remaining part (i.e., data field).
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of PPDUs defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the basic PPDU format (IEEE 802.11a/g) includes L-LTF, L-STF, L-SIG, and Data fields.
  • the basic PPDU format can also be referred to as the non-HT PPDU format (Fig. 7(a)).
  • the HT PPDU format (IEEE 802.11n) additionally includes HT-SIG, HT-STF, and HT-LFT(s) fields in addition to the basic PPDU format.
  • the HT PPDU format illustrated in Fig. 7(b) may be referred to as an HT-mixed format.
  • an HT-greenfield format PPDU may be defined, which corresponds to a format that does not include L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG, but consists of HT-GF-STF, HT-LTF1, HT-SIG, one or more HT-LTF, and Data fields (not illustrated).
  • VHT PPDU format includes VHT SIG-A, VHT-STF, VHT-LTF, and VHT-SIG-B fields in addition to the basic PPDU format (Fig. 7(c)).
  • HE PPDU format (IEEE 802.11ax) additionally includes RL-SIG (Repeated L-SIG), HE-SIG-A, HE-SIG-B, HE-STF, HE-LTF(s), and PE (Packet Extension) fields in addition to the basic PPDU format (Fig. 7(d)).
  • RL-SIG Repeated L-SIG
  • HE-SIG-A HE-SIG-B
  • HE-STF HE-LTF(s)
  • PE Packet Extension
  • some fields may be excluded or their lengths may vary.
  • the HE-SIG-B field is included in the HE PPDU format for multi-users (MUs), but the HE PPDU format for single users (SUs) does not include the HE-SIG-B.
  • the HE trigger-based (TB) PPDU format does not include the HE-SIG-B, and the length of the HE-STF field may vary to 8us.
  • the HE ER (Extended Range) SU PPDU format does not include the HE-SIG-B field, and the length of the HE-SIG-A field may vary to 16us.
  • RL-SIG can be configured identically to L-SIG. The receiving STA can determine that the received PPDU is a HE PPDU or an EHT PPDU, described later, based on the presence of RL-SIG.
  • the EHT PPDU format may include the EHT MU (multi-user) PPDU of FIG. 7(e) and the EHT TB (trigger-based) PPDU of FIG. 7(f).
  • the EHT PPDU format is similar to the HE PPDU format in that it includes an RL-SIG following an L-SIG, but may include a U (universal)-SIG, an EHT-SIG, an EHT-STF, and an EHT-LTF following the RL-SIG.
  • the EHT MU PPDU in FIG. 7(e) corresponds to a PPDU that carries one or more data (or PSDUs) for one or more users. That is, the EHT MU PPDU can be used for both SU transmission and MU transmission.
  • the EHT MU PPDU can correspond to a PPDU for one receiving STA or multiple receiving STAs.
  • the EHT TB PPDU of Fig. 7(f) omits the EHT-SIG compared to the EHT MU PPDU.
  • An STA that has received a trigger for UL MU transmission e.g., a trigger frame or TRS (triggered response scheduling)
  • TRS triggered response scheduling
  • L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG (Universal SIGNAL), and EHT-SIG fields can be encoded and modulated to allow legacy STAs to attempt demodulation and decoding, and mapped based on a predetermined subcarrier frequency interval (e.g., 312.5 kHz). These can be referred to as pre-EHT modulated fields.
  • EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, Data, and PE fields can be encoded and modulated to allow STAs that have successfully decoded non-legacy SIGs (e.g., U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG) and obtained the information contained in the fields, and mapped based on a predetermined subcarrier frequency interval (e.g., 78.125 kHz). These can be referred to as EHT modulated fields.
  • non-legacy SIGs e.g., U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG
  • a predetermined subcarrier frequency interval e.g., 78.125 kHz
  • the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, HE-SIG-A, and HE-SIG-B fields may be referred to as pre-HE modulation fields, and the HE-STF, HE-LTF, Data, and PE fields may be referred to as HE modulation fields.
  • the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, and VHT-SIG-A fields may be referred to as pre-VHT modulation fields
  • the VHT STF, VHT-LTF, VHT-SIG-B, and Data fields may be referred to as VHT modulation fields.
  • the U-SIG included in the EHT PPDU format of FIG. 7 can be configured based on, for example, two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols). Each symbol (e.g., OFDM symbol) for the U-SIG can have a duration of 4 us, and the U-SIG can have a total duration of 8 us. Each symbol of the U-SIG can be used to transmit 26 bits of information. For example, each symbol of the U-SIG can be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.
  • U-SIGs can be configured in 20MHz units. For example, when an 80MHz PPDU is configured, the same U-SIG can be duplicated in 20MHz units. That is, four identical U-SIGs can be included in an 80MHz PPDU. When the bandwidth exceeds 80MHz, for example, for a 160MHz PPDU, the U-SIGs in the first 80MHz unit and the U-SIGs in the second 80MHz unit can be different.
  • a uncoded bits may be transmitted via U-SIG, and a first symbol of U-SIG (e.g., a U-SIG-1 symbol) may transmit the first X bits of information out of a total A bits of information, and a second symbol of U-SIG (e.g., a U-SIG-2 symbol) may transmit the remaining Y bits of information out of a total A bits of information.
  • the A bits of information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) may include a CRC field (e.g., a field of 4 bits in length) and a tail field (e.g., a field of 6 bits in length). The tail field may be used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder and may be set to 0, for example.
  • the A bit information transmitted by U-SIG can be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits.
  • U-SIG can be included in a new PPDU format (e.g., UHR PPDU format) not shown in FIG. 7, and in the format of the U-SIG field included in the EHT PPDU format and the format of the U-SIG field included in the UHR PPDU format, the version-independent bits can be the same, and some or all of the version-dependent bits can be different.
  • the size of the version-independent bits of U-SIG can be fixed or variable.
  • the version-independent bits can be assigned only to U-SIG-1 symbols, or to both U-SIG-1 symbols and U-SIG-2 symbols.
  • the version-independent bits and the version-dependent bits can be called by various names, such as the first control bit and the second control bit.
  • the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier, which may indicate the PHY version (e.g., EHT, UHR, etc.) of the transmitted and received PPDUs.
  • the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL/DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL/DL flag field relates to UL communication, and the second value of the UL/DL flag field relates to DL communication.
  • the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include information about the length of a transmission opportunity (TXOP) and information about a BSS color ID.
  • TXOP transmission opportunity
  • the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG may contain information that directly or indirectly indicates the type of PPDU (e.g., SU PPDU, MU PPDU, TB PPDU, etc.).
  • the U-SIG may further include information about bandwidth, information about the MCS technique applied to the non-legacy SIG (e.g., EHT-SIG or UHR-SIG), information indicating whether a dual carrier modulation (DCM) technique (e.g., a technique to achieve an effect similar to frequency diversity by reusing the same signal on two subcarriers) is applied to the non-legacy SIG, information about the number of symbols used for the non-legacy SIG, information about whether the non-legacy SIG is generated across the entire band, etc.
  • DCM dual carrier modulation
  • Some of the information required for transmitting and receiving a PPDU may be included in the U-SIG and/or the non-legacy SIG (e.g., EHT-SIG or UHR-SIG, etc.).
  • information about the type of the non-legacy LTF/STF e.g., EHT-LTF/EHT-STF or UHR-LTF/UHR-STF, etc.
  • information about the length of the non-legacy LTF and the cyclic prefix (CP) length e.g., EHT-LTF/EHT-STF or UHR-LTF/UHR-STF, etc.
  • information about the length of the non-legacy LTF and the cyclic prefix (CP) length e.g., information about the guard interval (GI) applicable to the non-legacy LTF
  • information about preamble puncturing applicable to the PPDU e.g., information about resource unit (RU) allocation, etc.
  • RU resource unit
  • Preamble puncturing may refer to the transmission of a PPDU in which no signal is present in one or more frequency units within the PPDU's bandwidth.
  • the size of the frequency unit (or the resolution of the preamble puncturing) may be defined as 20 MHz, 40 MHz, etc.
  • preamble puncturing may be applied to a PPDU bandwidth greater than a certain size.
  • non-legacy SIGs such as HE-SIG-B and EHT-SIG may include control information for the receiving STA.
  • the non-legacy SIG may be transmitted over at least one symbol, and each symbol may have a length of 4 us.
  • Information regarding the number of symbols used for the EHT-SIG may be included in a previous SIG (e.g., HE-SIG-A, U-SIG, etc.).
  • Non-legacy SIGs such as HE-SIG-B and EHT-SIG, may contain common fields and user-specific fields. Common and user-specific fields may be coded separately.
  • common fields may be omitted.
  • non-OFDMA orthogonal frequency multiple access
  • common fields may be omitted, and multiple STAs may receive PPDUs (e.g., data fields of PPDUs) over the same frequency band.
  • PPDUs e.g., data fields of PPDUs
  • multiple users may receive PPDUs (e.g., data fields of PPDUs) over different frequency bands.
  • the number of user-specific fields can be determined based on the number of users.
  • a single user block field can contain up to two user fields.
  • Each user field can be associated with either MU-MIMO allocation or non-MU-MIMO allocation.
  • the common field may include CRC bits and Tail bits, the length of the CRC bits may be determined as 4 bits, and the length of the Tail bits may be determined as 6 bits and set to 000000.
  • the common field may include RU allocation information.
  • the RU allocation information may include information about the location of RUs to which multiple users (i.e., multiple receiving STAs) are allocated.
  • An RU can contain multiple subcarriers (or tones). RUs can be used when transmitting signals to multiple STAs based on OFDMA techniques. RUs can also be defined when transmitting signals to a single STA. Resources can be allocated on an RU basis for non-legacy STFs, non-legacy LTFs, and data fields.
  • an applicable RU size can be defined.
  • the RU may be defined identically or differently for the applicable PPDU format (e.g., HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, UHR PPDU, etc.).
  • the RU arrangements of HE PPDU and EHT PPDU may be different.
  • the applicable RU size, RU number, RU position, DC (direct current) subcarrier position and number, null subcarrier position and number, guard subcarrier position and number, etc. for each PPDU bandwidth can be referred to as a tone plan.
  • a tone plan for a wide bandwidth can be defined in the form of multiple repetitions of a low bandwidth tone plan.
  • RUs of different sizes can be defined, such as 26-ton RU, 52-ton RU, 106-ton RU, 242-ton RU, 484-ton RU, 996-ton RU, 2X996-ton RU, 3X996-ton RU, etc.
  • a multiple RU is distinguished from multiple individual RUs and corresponds to a group of subcarriers consisting of multiple RUs.
  • one MRU can be defined as 52+26-tons, 106+26-tons, 484+242-tons, 996+484-tons, 996+484+242-tons, 2X996+484-tons, 3X996-tons, or 3X996+484-tons.
  • multiple RUs constituting one MRU may or may not be consecutive in the frequency domain.
  • the specific size of an RU may be reduced or expanded. Therefore, the specific size of each RU (i.e., the number of corresponding tones) in the present disclosure is not limited and is exemplary. Furthermore, within a given bandwidth (e.g., 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 MHz, etc.) in the present disclosure, the number of RUs may vary depending on the RU size.
  • a given bandwidth e.g. 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 MHz, etc.
  • each field in the PPDU formats of FIG. 7 are exemplary and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited by those names. Furthermore, the examples of the present disclosure can be applied not only to the PPDU format exemplified in FIG. 7, but also to a new PPDU format in which some fields are excluded and/or some fields are added based on the PPDU formats of FIG. 7.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 are diagrams for explaining examples of resource units of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • An RU may include multiple subcarriers (or tones). An RU may be used when transmitting signals to multiple STAs based on OFDMA techniques. An RU may also be defined when transmitting signals to a single STA. An RU may be used for the STF, LTF, and data fields of a PPDU.
  • RUs corresponding to different numbers of tones may be used to configure some fields of a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz X-PPDU (X represents HE, EHT, etc.).
  • X represents HE, EHT, etc.
  • resources may be allocated in units of RUs illustrated for the X-STF, X-LTF, and Data fields.
  • Figure 8 is a diagram showing an exemplary arrangement of resource units (RUs) used on a 20 MHz band.
  • 26 units i.e., units corresponding to 26 tones
  • Six tones may be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 20 MHz band, and five tones may be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 20 MHz band.
  • seven DC tones may be inserted in the center band, i.e., the DC band, and 26 units corresponding to 13 tones may exist on each side of the DC band.
  • 26 units, 52 units, and 106 units may be allocated to other bands. Each unit may be allocated for an STA or a user.
  • the RU arrangement of Fig. 8 can be utilized not only in situations for multiple users (MUs) but also in situations for a single user (SU), in which case it is possible to use one 242-unit as shown at the bottom of Fig. 8. In this case, three DC tones can be inserted.
  • RUs of various sizes such as 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, and 242-RU, are exemplified, but the specific sizes of these RUs may be reduced or expanded. Therefore, the specific size of each RU (i.e., the number of corresponding tones) in the present disclosure is not limited and is exemplary. In addition, in the present disclosure, within a given bandwidth (e.g., 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 MHz, ...), the number of RUs may vary depending on the RU size. In the examples of FIG. 9 and/or FIG. 10 described below, the fact that the size and/or number of RUs may be changed is the same as the example of FIG. 8.
  • Figure 9 is a diagram showing an exemplary arrangement of resource units (RUs) used on a 40 MHz band.
  • the example of FIG. 9 may also use 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, etc.
  • five DC tones may be inserted at the center frequency, 12 tones may be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 40 MHz band, and 11 tones may be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 40 MHz band.
  • 484-RU when used for a single user, 484-RU may be used.
  • Figure 10 is a diagram showing an exemplary arrangement of resource units (RUs) used on the 80 MHz band.
  • RUs resource units
  • the example of FIG. 10 may also use 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, 996-RU, etc.
  • the RU arrangement of HE PPDU and EHT PPDU may be different, and the example of FIG. 10 shows an example of the RU arrangement for 80MHz EHT PPDU.
  • 12 tones are used as guard bands in the leftmost band of the 80MHz band, and 11 tones are used as guard bands in the rightmost band of the 80MHz band, which is the same for HE PPDU and EHT PPDU.
  • the EHT PPDU has 23 DC tones inserted into the DC band and one 26-RU corresponding to 13 tones on each side of the DC band.
  • the EHT PPDU has five null subcarriers.
  • one 484-RU does not contain a null subcarrier, but in the EHT PPDU, one 484-RU contains five null subcarriers.
  • 996-RU when used for a single user, 996-RU can be used, in which case the insertion of 5 DC tones is common in both HE PPDU and EHT PPDU.
  • An EHT PPDU of 160MHz or higher may be configured with multiple 80MHz subblocks as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the RU layout for each 80MHz subblock may be the same as the RU layout of the 80MHz EHT PPDU as shown in FIG. 10. If an 80MHz subblock of a 160MHz or 320MHz EHT PPDU is not punctured and the entire 80MHz subblock is used as part of an RU or MRU (Multiple RU), the 80MHz subblock may use 996-RU as shown in FIG. 10.
  • an MRU corresponds to a group of subcarriers (or tones) composed of multiple RUs, and the multiple RUs constituting an MRU may be RUs of the same size or different sizes.
  • a single MRU may be defined as 52+26-tones, 106+26-tones, 484+242-tones, 996+484-tones, 996+484+242-tones, 2X996+484-tones, 3X996-tones, or 3X996+484-tones.
  • the multiple RUs constituting one MRU may correspond to RUs of small size (e.g., 26, 52, 106) or RUs of large size (e.g., 242, 484, 996, etc.). That is, a single MRU containing both small-sized RUs and large-sized RUs may not be configured/defined. Furthermore, multiple RUs constituting a single MRU may or may not be consecutive in the frequency domain.
  • the 80MHz subblock may use RU layouts other than the 996-tone RUs.
  • the positions of the RUs can be fixed as defined in Tables 1 to 5 below according to each PPDU bandwidth.
  • Table 1 illustrates the indices of RUs within a 20MHz PPDU and the data and pilot subcarrier indices (ranges) for each RU.
  • Table 2 illustrates the indices of RUs within a 40MHz PPDU and the data and pilot subcarrier indices (ranges) for each RU.
  • Table 3 illustrates the indices of RUs within an 80MHz PPDU and the data and pilot subcarrier indices (ranges) for each RU.
  • Table 4 illustrates the indices of RUs within a 160MHz PPDU and the data and pilot subcarrier indices (ranges) for each RU.
  • Table 5 illustrates the indices of RUs within a 320MHz PPDU and the data and pilot subcarrier indices (ranges) for each RU.
  • RU 5 corresponds to the middle 26-ton RU.
  • subcarrier index 0 corresponds to the DC tone.
  • Negative subcarrier indices correspond to subcarriers having a lower frequency than the DC tone.
  • Positive subcarrier indices correspond to subcarriers having a higher frequency than the DC tone.
  • DC subcarriers may refer to subcarriers having zero energy, including the DC tone and subcarrier indices adjacent to subcarrier index 0 (i.e., the DC tone).
  • Guard subcarriers may refer to subcarriers located at the edge of an OFDM symbol in the frequency domain and having zero energy. Null subcarriers are located near the DC or edge tone to protect against transmission center frequency leakage, receiver DC offset, and interference from adjacent RU(s) or MRU(s), and have zero energy.
  • an RU index can be assigned in order from low frequency to high frequency.
  • a PPDU in the 160 MHz range or higher may consist of multiple 80 MHz frequency subblocks.
  • the tone plan and RU allocation for each 80 MHz frequency subblock may be the same as the 80 MHz PPDU. If an 80 MHz frequency subblock of a 160 MHz or 320 MHz PPDU is not punctured and the entire 80 MHz frequency subblock is used as an RU or as part of an RU/MRU, the 80 MHz frequency subblock may use the 996-tone RU illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • the 80 MHz frequency subblock may use a tone plan and RU allocation excluding the 996-tone RU, as illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • An STA may be assigned multiple RUs (MRUs).
  • the subcarrier indices of an MRU may be composed of the indices of the corresponding RUs that constitute the MRU.
  • the RU of the present disclosure can be used for uplink (UL) and/or downlink (DL) communication.
  • an STA e.g., an AP
  • transmitting a trigger can allocate a first RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to a first STA and a second RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to a second STA through trigger information (e.g., a trigger frame or triggered response scheduling (TRS)).
  • trigger information e.g., a trigger frame or triggered response scheduling (TRS)
  • the first STA can transmit a first trigger-based (TB) PPDU based on the first RU
  • the second STA can transmit a second TB PPDU based on the second RU.
  • the first/second TB PPDUs can be transmitted to the AP in the same time interval.
  • an STA e.g., an AP transmitting the DL MU PPDU may allocate a first RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to a first STA and a second RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to a second STA.
  • a first RU e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.
  • a second RU e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.
  • the EHT-SIG field of a 20MHz EHT MU PPDU contains one EHT-SIG content channel.
  • the EHT-SIG field of an EHT MU PPDU at 40MHz or 80MHz contains two EHT-SIG content channels.
  • the EHT-SIG field of an EHT MU PPDU at 160MHz or higher contains two EHT-SIG content channels per 80MHz frequency subblock.
  • the bandwidth of an EHT MU PPDU for OFDMA transmission is wider than 80MHz, the EHT-SIG content channels per 80MHz frequency subblock may carry different information.
  • Figure 11 illustrates an exemplary structure of an EHT-SIG content channel.
  • Figure 11 illustrates an EHT-SIG content channel format for OFDMA transmission when the bandwidth is 20/40/80 MHz.
  • each EHT-SIG content channel can be composed of common fields and user-specific fields.
  • the common field may include one or two RU allocation subfields depending on the PPDU frequency bandwidth.
  • the common field of the EHT-SIG content channel may include information about RU allocation, such as RU allocation to be used in the EHT modulation field of the PPDU, RUs allocated to MU-MIMO, number of users in MU-MIMO allocation, etc.
  • the common field may consist of one common encoding block, and the common encoding block may include one or two RU Allocation-A subfields.
  • the bandwidth is 160 MHz
  • the common field may consist of two common encoding blocks, and the first common encoding block may include two RU Allocation-A subfields, and the second common encoding block may include two RU Allocation-B subfields.
  • the common field may consist of two common encoding blocks, and the first common encoding block may include two RU Allocation-A subfields, and the second common encoding block may include six RU Allocation-B subfields.
  • the common field of the EHT-SIG content channel may not include an RU allocation subfield.
  • Each RU Allocation-A subfield of an EHT-SIG content channel corresponding to a 20MHz frequency subchannel may indicate RU or MRU allocation, including the size of the RU(s)/MRU(s) and their arrangement in the frequency domain.
  • Each RU Allocation-A subfield may also indicate information necessary to calculate the number of users allocated to each RU(s)/MRU(s).
  • Each RU Allocation-B subfield of an EHT-SIG content channel corresponding to a 20MHz frequency subchannel may indicate RU or MRU allocation, including the size of the RU(s)/MRU(s) and their arrangement in the frequency domain.
  • Each RU Allocation-B subfield may also indicate information necessary to calculate the number of users allocated to each RU(s)/MRU(s).
  • Both the RU Allocation-A subfield and the RU Allocation-B subfield may be referred to as RU Allocation subfields located in different common encoding blocks.
  • the RU Allocation subfield per 80 MHz frequency subblock can convey consistent RU or MRU size and placement information for the entire PPDU.
  • Table 6 illustrates the mapping from the 9-bit RU Allocation subfield to the RU Allocation and the number of user fields per RU or MRU associated with the user-specific fields within the same EHT SIG content channel.
  • the Number of Entries column may refer to the number of RU Allocation subfield values that refer to the same RU allocation used in the frequency domain. However, due to different RU Allocation subfield values, different numbers of user fields may be included in the user-specific fields of the same EHT-SIG content channel as this RU Allocation subfield.
  • the STA may skip the N user (r,c) user fields indicated by the subfield value and continue processing the EHT-SIG field.
  • Table 7 illustrates the RUs or MRUs associated with each RU allocation subfield for each EHT-SIG content channel and PPDU bandwidth.
  • Table 8 shows the index of null subcarriers for each RU size when the channel bandwidth is 20 MHz and 40 MHz.
  • Table 9 shows examples of the indices of null subcarriers for each RU size when the channel bandwidth is 80 MHz, 160 MHz, and 320 MHz.
  • the number of user-specific fields can be determined based on the number of users.
  • the user-specific fields of the EHT-SIG field can be composed of zero or more user encoding blocks.
  • Each user encoding block can be composed of up to two user fields, and includes a cyclic redundancy code (CRC) and a tail.
  • CRC cyclic redundancy code
  • each user field can be associated with an MU-MIMO allocation or a non-MU-MIMO allocation.
  • Each non-final user encoding block consists of two user fields containing information about the two STAs used to decode the payload.
  • the final user encoding block contains information about one or two users, depending on the number of user fields in the EHT-SIG content channel.
  • EHT SU transmissions (UL/DL fields in the U-SIG field are set to 0 or 1, PPDU Type And Compression Mode field is set to 1, and EHT-SIG MCS field and EHT-SIG PPDU Type And Compression Mode field are not set to 0 simultaneously) and DL non-OFDMA transmissions to multiple users (UL/DL fields in the U-SIG field are set to 0, PPDU Type And Compression Mode field is set to 2)
  • the number of user fields is indicated by the Number Of Non-OFDMA Users subfield.
  • the common fields of the EHT-SIG content channel are encoded together with the first user fields of the same content channel. This common encoding block includes the CRC and the Tail.
  • the remaining user fields (if any) of each content channel are grouped into user encoding blocks using the same method as for OFDMA transmission.
  • the content of a user field is defined depending on whether the user field is set for a user in the RU's non-MU-MIMO allocation or in the RU's MU-MIMO allocation.
  • the user field format for non-MU-MIMO allocation is used.
  • Table 10 illustrates the user field format for non-MU-MIMO allocation.
  • Table 11 illustrates the user field format for MU-MIMO allocation.
  • Multiple spatial streams can be transmitted via multiple antennas after undergoing encoding, modulation, etc. Multiple spatial streams transmitted via multiple antennas of a transmitter can be received via multiple antennas of a receiver.
  • two modulation schemes for the spatial streams can be considered.
  • One method modulates multiple data streams using a single modulation scheme.
  • the other method sets a modulation scheme for each data stream.
  • the former modulation scheme is called equal modulation (EQM), and the latter is called unequal modulation (UEQM).
  • EQM uses the same modulation scheme for all streams, which reduces the complexity of both the transmitter and receiver, and uses relatively few bits to inform the receiver of the modulation scheme used by the transmitter.
  • the modulation scheme cannot be adjusted to reflect the different environments of each channel. This means that when determining the modulation scheme for overall data transmission, the modulation scheme and modulation order are determined by the worst-performing channel. Consequently, even for spatial streams transmitted over relatively good wireless channels, a low-order modulation scheme may be applied, resulting in a waste of radio resources.
  • UEQM Unlike EQM, UEQM imposes a somewhat higher complexity on both the transmitter and receiver. Furthermore, the transmitter must use more bits to inform the receiver of the modulation scheme applied to each stream. When transmitting data over N spatial streams, if UEQM applies one of P modulation schemes to each stream, the total number of possible cases becomes P N . This means that bit values capable of indicating the P N cases must be used to indicate the modulation scheme. (If the MCS table is used to indicate the modulation scheme, its index value is 0 to P N -1.)
  • transmission can be optimized for the conditions of the wireless channel by applying a relatively high modulation order to spatial streams transmitted on good channels and a low modulation order to streams transmitted on poor channels, depending on the conditions of the channel through which each spatial stream is transmitted. This means that limited wireless resources can be utilized efficiently.
  • the next-generation Wi-Fi (beyond 11be) aims to support ultra-high reliability (UHR) when transmitting signals to STAs, and various technologies are being considered for high throughput, low latency, and extended range support.
  • UHR ultra-high reliability
  • the next-generation Wi-Fi/11bn is considering applying unequal modulation (UEQM), which transmits signals by applying different modulations to each spatial stream in consideration of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) imbalance for each spatial stream when transmitting MIMO/beamforming using two or more spatial streams.
  • UEQM unequal modulation
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • the present invention proposes a method for indicating modulation applied to each spatial stream during MIMO/beamforming transmission in order to transmit and receive signals using UEQM.
  • the signal is transmitted using a beamforming matrix formed based on singular value decomposition (SVD) during MIMO/beamforming transmission
  • the MIMO gain or SNR is concentrated in some spatial streams, including the first spatial stream, resulting in an imbalance between the spatial streams.
  • Channel information formed based on SVD can be expressed as in mathematical expression 1 below.
  • H represents a channel matrix
  • U and V* are unitary matrices
  • the singular values of the diagonal matrix represent the power values carried by each stream, with non-zero values arranged in descending order. Therefore, when using multiple spatial streams in this way, a difference in SNR occurs between the spatial streams.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates the SNR difference between multiple spatial streams in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • Figure 12 illustrates the SNR difference between the first spatial stream and the remaining spatial streams when using 4 spatial streams at 80 MHz.
  • an SNR gap occurs between spatial streams when performing MIMO/beamforming transmission using multiple spatial streams. Since the spatial streams have different SNRs in this way, when transmitting a signal by applying the same MCS to multiple spatial streams during MIMO/beamforming transmission, the signal transmission efficiency may decrease due to the SNR gap. Therefore, by considering the SNR gap and individually applying a modulation appropriate for the SNR of each spatial stream, i.e., applying UEQM, the signal transmission efficiency can be improved and the throughput can also be improved.
  • UEQM may mean applying different modulations to the same code rate for each spatial stream.
  • the UEQM according to the present disclosure can be configured as a combination of QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), 16 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 64 QAM, 256 QAM, 1024 QAM, 4096 QAM, etc. (for example, excluding BPSK (binary phase shift keying)), and can support code rates such as 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, etc.
  • QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
  • 16 QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
  • 64 QAM QAM
  • 256 QAM QAM
  • 1024 QAM 1024 QAM
  • 4096 QAM etc.
  • code rates such as 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, etc.
  • the UEQM according to the present disclosure can be applied to single user (SU), OFDMA, and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) transmissions.
  • the UEQM according to the present disclosure can be applied to transmissions using 26 tone RU, 52 tone RU, 106 tone RU, 242 tone RU, 484 tone RU, 996 tone RU, 2x996 tone RU, 4x996 tone RU, and multi-RU (MRU) as defined in 11be.
  • support for UEQM can be determined through a capability exchange between the AP and the STA.
  • An STA's support for UEQM can be defined through its capabilities.
  • support for UEQM can be defined through the physical layer (PHY) capabilities of UHR or next-generation Wi-Fi, as follows:
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a method for indicating UEQM capabilities according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the PHY capabilities Information field of UHR or next-generation Wi-Fi can be used to indicate UEQM capabilities (or whether UEQM is supported) by the STA.
  • the PHY capabilities Information field of UHR or next-generation Wi-Fi can be configured by extending the EHT PHY capabilities Information field format, and in FIG. 13, only some of the changes compared to the EHT PHY capabilities Information field format are exemplified for convenience of explanation.
  • bits B69 (bit 69) to B71 (bit 71) are reserved bits, but in the PHY capabilities Information field of the UHR or next-generation Wi-Fi according to the present disclosure, some of the reserved bits may be used to indicate UEQM capabilities.
  • B69 (bit 69) can be defined as a UEQM support field for indicating UEQM capability (or whether UEQM is supported).
  • the UEQM (UnEqualModulation) Support field can be set to 1 to indicate UEQM support, or 0 to indicate that UEQM is not applicable. These values are examples, and the opposite value may be set.
  • FIG. 13 is only an example and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. That is, whether UEQM is supported may be defined/indicated through a field/subfield that is newly defined (e.g., a reserved bit other than B69 is used or an existing field is modified) in the PHY capabilities Information field of UHR or next-generation Wi-Fi according to the present disclosure.
  • a field/subfield that is newly defined (e.g., a reserved bit other than B69 is used or an existing field is modified) in the PHY capabilities Information field of UHR or next-generation Wi-Fi according to the present disclosure.
  • UEQM UnEqualModulation
  • the above-described UEQM support field can be included and transmitted in an association request/response frame or a probe request/response frame between an AP and an STA, and the AP and STA can mutually inform each other of whether or not they support UEQM through the frame exchange.
  • the proposed UEQM support field may be transmitted in a separately configured PHY Capabilities Information field of the UHR.
  • the signal can be transmitted by applying only EQM (equal modulation) or UEQM.
  • whether a signal is transmitted using UEQM can be indicated through the U-SIG field of the PPDU.
  • the U-SIG field included in a UHR PPDU or a next-generation Wi-Fi PPDU can be configured to include a subfield (e.g., a UEQM subfield) for indicating whether UEQM is applied.
  • the A bit information (e.g., uncoded 52 bits) transmitted by U-SIG can be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits, and the UEQM subfield can be defined as a version-dependent field/bit.
  • B20 (bit 20) to B24 (bit 24) of U-SIG1 of U-SIG are defined as disregard bits
  • B25 (bit 25) of U-SIG1, B2 (bit 2) and B8 (bit 8) of U-SIG2 are defined as validate bits.
  • the UEQM subfield can be defined using one bit of the disregard or validate bits defined in U-SIG1 in 802.11be.
  • the UEQM subfield can be defined using one bit of B20-B24, B25 of U-SIG1, B2, B8 of U-SIG-2.
  • a PPDU receiver (e.g., a non-AP STA) can recognize whether the PPDU is transmitted by applying EQM or UEQM through the setting (i.e., setting value) of the UEQM subfield included in the U-SIG of the PPDU transmitted by the transmitter (e.g., AP).
  • the UEQM subfield can be set to 1 to indicate that UEQM is applied, can be set to 0 to indicate that a signal is transmitted by applying EQM, and vice versa.
  • an indication for UEQM may be transmitted via a common field of the UHR-SIG or Next Generation Wi-Fi SIG field.
  • the common field of the UHR-SIG or Next Generation Wi-Fi SIG field may be configured to include a UEQM subfield.
  • the above UEQM subfield can consist of 1 bit, and can be set to 1 to indicate UEQM support, and can be set to 0 to indicate that a signal is transmitted by applying EQM. This is an example and can be set in reverse.
  • the EHT-SIG field may include a common field and a user-specific field.
  • B13 (bit 13) to B16 (bit 16) are all defined as disregard bits.
  • the UHR-SIG field may also consist of a common field and a user field, and in the common field for OFDMA transmission / EHT SU transmission and the common field for non-OFDMA transmission to multiple users, the UEQM subfield may be defined using one of the bits B13-B16, which were defined as disregard bits.
  • a signal can be transmitted by applying UEQM to a specific RU. That is, it can be indicated whether EQM or UEQM is applied to each RU.
  • a non-AP STA can check whether UEQM transmission is performed through the RU allocated to it by using the following method.
  • a Non-AP STA can recognize that UEQM transmission is used in the current PPDU through the UEQM subfield of the common field of the U-SIG or UHR-SIG field.
  • NSS allocated spatial streams
  • the MCS index transmitted through the user field of the UHR-SIG or next-generation Wi-Fi SIG field may be configured differently depending on the number of spatial streams (SS: spatial streams) (N SS ) allocated to each STA.
  • SS spatial streams
  • N SS 3
  • the MCS field used in EQM can be reused, thereby reducing signaling overhead.
  • Whether to apply EQM or UEQM can be determined based on the capability of the STA, and the AP can transmit signals by applying UEQM during MIMO/beamforming transmission depending on the capability of the STA.
  • the indication for UEQM can be transmitted through the UHR-SIG field or the next-generation Wi-Fi SIG field.
  • the UHR-SIG field may also be composed of a common field and a user field, and an indication for UEQM may be transmitted by being included in the user field of the UHR-SIG or next-generation Wi-Fi SIG field.
  • the user field of the UHR-SIG field may be composed of a field (e.g., a UEQM field) for indicating whether UEQM is applied, and the UEQM field may be composed of 1 bit.
  • the STA may determine whether UEQM is applied to the corresponding PPDU through the setting of the UEQM field transmitted through the user field.
  • the UEQM field within the user field can be set to 1 to indicate that UEQM is applied, or set to 0 to indicate that UEQM is not applied. However, this is an example and can be set in reverse.
  • the user field may be configured with 23 bits by taking into account 1 bit of the UEQM field.
  • Both the user field for non-MU-MIMO allocation and the user field for MU-MIMO allocation may be configured to include the UEQM field (consisting of 1 bit).
  • the user field for non-MU-MIMO allocation in the UHR-SIG field may be configured to include a 1-bit UEQM field in the user field for non-MU-MIMO allocation in the EHT-SIG field (see Table 10).
  • the user field for MU-MIMO allocation in the UHR-SIG field may be configured to include a 1-bit UEQM field in the user field for MU-MIMO allocation in the EHT-SIG field (see Table 11).
  • the UEQM field may be defined using B15 (bit 15) (reserved bit) of the user field.
  • B15 bit 15
  • the user field for non-MU-MIMO allocation in the UHR-SIG field may be configured identically to the user field for non-MU-MIMO allocation in the EHT-SIG field (see Table 10), but 1 bit in the user field may be defined as the UEQM field.
  • the user field for non-MU-MIMO allocation may be configured with 22 bits, but the user field for MU-MIMO allocation may be configured with 23 bits (including the 1-bit UEQM field as described above). Therefore, in order to match the size and alignment of the encoding block during MU-MIMO transmission, the encoding block during non-MU-MIMO transmission may be encoded including 2 padding bits.
  • UEQM may only be considered for non-MU-MIMO transmissions.
  • the UEQM indication (subfield) may only be included in the user field for non-MU-MIMO. That is, the user field for MU-MIMO may not include the UEQM indication (subfield).
  • the UEQM field can be defined using bits (e.g., reserved bits, B15) in the user field (see Table 10) for non-MU-MIMO allocation (without additional bits).
  • bits e.g., reserved bits, B15
  • B15 reserved bits
  • the contents of the MCS field may be configured differently and transmitted depending on the N SS allocated to each STA.
  • the MCS field used in EQM can be reused by configuring the contents for the MCS field value for each N SS differently, thereby reducing signaling overhead.
  • instructions for UEQM may be given via the operating mode (OM) control field of the A-control field together with or prior to the proposed method described above.
  • OM operating mode
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an EHT OM control field including a UEQM field according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the OM Control field contains information related to changes in the operating mode for the STA transmitting the frame containing the field, including the 320 MHz bandwidth, the number of transmit space-time streams (Tx NSTS) extension, and the number of receive space streams (Rx NSS) extension.
  • the OM control field of the A-control field can be configured to include a UEQM subfield, and for example, the UEQM subfield can be transmitted by being included in the EHT OM control field, as shown in FIG. 14.
  • An EHT OM control field configured including a UEQM field can be configured as shown in FIG. 14, and can be configured including a receive space stream number extension (Rx NSS Extension) subfield, a channel width extension (Channel Width Extension) subfield, a transmit space time stream number extension (Tx NSTS Extension) subfield, a UEQM subfield, and a reserved bit.
  • Rx NSS Extension receive space stream number extension
  • Channel Width Extension channel width extension
  • Tx NSTS Extension transmit space time stream number extension
  • UEQM subfield a reserved bit.
  • B3 (bit 3) is configured as an MCS15 disable subfield, but by modifying it to a UEQM subfield indicating whether UEQM is applied, the EHT OM control field can be configured.
  • a UEQM control field within the A-control field may be defined to indicate UEQM, and information about UEQM may be indicated by the UEQM control field.
  • the UEQM control field may be configured to include the following information.
  • UEQM support (1 bit): Information indicating whether UEQM is supported. It can be set to 1 to indicate that UEQM is used.
  • Max Nss (2 or 3 bits): Indicates the maximum number of spatial streams to which UEQM applies. When set/defined with 2 bits, it indicates that up to 4 spatial streams are supported, or when set/defined with 3 bits, it indicates that up to 8 spatial streams are supported.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates the operation of a transmitting device for a PPDU transmission and reception method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 15 illustrates the operation of a transmitter based on the previously proposed methods.
  • the example in Figure 15 is provided for convenience of explanation and does not limit the scope of the present disclosure. Some of the steps illustrated in Figure 15 may be omitted depending on the circumstances and/or settings.
  • the transmitting device generates a PPDU (S1501).
  • the transmitting device of the PPDU may be an AP or a non-AP STA
  • the receiving device of the PPDU may be an AP or a non-AP STA.
  • the transmitting device may be referred to as the first STA
  • the receiving device may be referred to as the second STA.
  • a transmitting device can obtain information about a tone plan.
  • the information about the tone plan may include the size and location of an RU, control information related to the RU, information about the frequency band in which the RU is included, and information about the STA receiving the RU.
  • this information can be obtained through a trigger frame.
  • the transmitting device can configure/generate a PPDU based on the acquired control information.
  • the step of configuring/generating the PPDU may include a step of configuring/generating each field of the PPDU. That is, step S1401 may include a step of configuring one or more fields (e.g., U-SIG and UHR-SIG-A/B fields) including control information regarding a Tone Plan.
  • step S1401 may include a step of configuring a field including control information indicating a bandwidth of the PPDU and/or a step of configuring a field including control information (e.g., N bitmap) indicating a size/position of an RU/MRU and/or a step of configuring a field including an identifier (e.g., AID) of an STA receiving the RU/MRU.
  • control information e.g., N bitmap
  • AID an identifier
  • step S1501 may include a step of generating an STF/LTF sequence to be transmitted via a specific RU/MRU.
  • the STF/LTF sequence may be generated based on a preset STF generation sequence/LTF generation sequence.
  • step S1501 may include a step of determining the number of symbols of the LTF according to spatial modulation information.
  • step S1501 may include a step of generating a data field (i.e., MPDU) to be transmitted via a specific RU.
  • a data field i.e., MPDU
  • the user field (or the common field within the UHR-SIG field or the UHR-SIG field) within the PPDU may include a 1-bit indication indicating whether equal modulation (EQM) or unequal modulation (UEQM) is applied.
  • EQM may mean applying the same modulation for each spatial stream but different modulations with respect to code rates.
  • EQM may mean applying the same modulation to all spatial streams.
  • the UEQM may be applied to a resource unit corresponding to the user field based on the 1-bit indication value being set to 1, and the EQM may be applied to a resource unit corresponding to the user field based on the 1-bit indication value being set to 0.
  • a user field within a UHR-SIG field may be defined as 23 bits.
  • a field may be defined as 23 bits by including the 1-bit indication in the user field within an EHT-SIG field.
  • the size of the user field may be defined as 23 bits. That is, the user encoding blocks may be defined as having the same size of 23 bits so that they can be aligned.
  • the user encoding block within the UHR-SIG field may be composed of 56 bits, including two user fields, a cyclic redundancy code (CRC), and a tail.
  • CRC cyclic redundancy code
  • the user field within the UHR-SIG field which includes a 1-bit indication indicating whether equalized modulation (EQM) or unequalized modulation (UEQM) is applied, may be a user field for non-multi-user MIMO (non-MU-MIMO) allocation.
  • the 1-bit indication may be included only in the user field for non-MU-MIMO allocation.
  • the 1-bit indication may also be included in the user field for MU-MIMO allocation.
  • the UEQM may be set to a combination of at least two or more of QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), 16 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 64 QAM, 256 QAM, 1024 QAM, and 4096 QAM.
  • QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
  • 16 QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
  • 64 QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
  • 256 QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
  • the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) field can be interpreted differently depending on the number of spatial streams.
  • the first STA may transmit capability information regarding whether the UEQM is supported to the second STA.
  • the capability information may be transmitted via at least one of a physical layer capability information field, an association request/response frame, or a probe request/response frame.
  • a PPDU may be composed of a legacy part, a SIG part (e.g., U-SIG, UHR-SIG, etc.), an STF part (e.g., UHR-STF), an LTF part (e.g., UHR-LTF), and a data part.
  • a SIG part e.g., U-SIG, UHR-SIG, etc.
  • an STF part e.g., UHR-STF
  • an LTF part e.g., UHR-LTF
  • All or part of any part may be divided into multiple sub-parts/sub-fields.
  • Each field (and its sub-fields) may be transmitted in units of 4us * N (where N is an integer).
  • a guard interval may be included.
  • the subfields of the signal part may be placed before the STF part, and the remaining subfields of the SIG part may be placed after the STF part.
  • the legacy portion described above may include at least one of a conventional L-STF (Non-HT Short Training Field), L-LTF (Non-HT Long Training Field), and L-SIG (Non-HT Signal Field).
  • L-STF Non-HT Short Training Field
  • L-LTF Non-HT Long Training Field
  • L-SIG Non-HT Signal Field
  • the SIG portion described above may include various control information for the transmitted PPDU.
  • it may include the STF portion, the LTF portion, and control information for decoding data.
  • the above-described STF-part (e.g., the U-STF field) may contain an STF sequence.
  • the above-described LTF-part may include a training field (i.e., LTF sequence) for channel estimation.
  • a training field i.e., LTF sequence
  • the data-part described above may include user data and may include packets for upper layers (e.g., MPDUs).
  • MPDUs packets for upper layers
  • the transmitting device i.e., the first STA transmits a PPDU to the receiving device (i.e., the second STA) (S1502).
  • the transmitting device i.e., the first STA
  • the transmitting device may perform at least one of operations such as cyclic shift diversity (CSD), spatial mapping, inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT)/inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operation, and guard interval (GI) insertion for the S1502 operation.
  • CSD cyclic shift diversity
  • IDFT inverse discrete Fourier transform
  • IFFT inverse fast Fourier transform
  • GI guard interval
  • the method described in the example of FIG. 15 may be performed by the first device (100) of FIG. 1.
  • one or more processors (102) of the first device (100) of FIG. 1 may be configured to generate a PPDU and transmit the PPDU via the transceiver(s) (106).
  • one or more memories (104) of the first device (100) may store commands for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 15 or the examples described above when executed by one or more processors (102).
  • FIG. 16 illustrates the operation of a receiving device for a PPDU transmission and reception method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 16 illustrates the operation of a receiving device based on the previously proposed methods.
  • the example in Figure 16 is provided for convenience of explanation and does not limit the scope of the present disclosure. Some of the steps illustrated in Figure 16 may be omitted depending on the circumstances and/or settings.
  • the receiving device receives a PPDU (S1601).
  • the transmitting device of the PPDU may be an AP or a non-AP STA
  • the receiving device of the PPDU may be an AP or a non-AP STA.
  • the transmitting device may be referred to as the first STA
  • the receiving device may be referred to as the second STA.
  • the receiving device may receive all or part of the PPDU through step S1601.
  • the receiving device i.e., the second STA
  • the receiving device may perform an operation to restore the results of the CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT/IFFT operation, and GI insertion operation applied by the transmitting device (e.g., applied in step S1502 above).
  • the receiving device i.e., the second STA
  • the receiving device i.e., the second STA
  • the receiving device can decode all/part of the PPDU.
  • the receiving device i.e., the second STA
  • can obtain control information related to the Tone Plan i.e., RU
  • the receiving device can decode the x-SIG field of the PPDU based on the legacy STF/LTF and obtain information included in the x-SIG field. For example, information about various Tone Plans (i.e., RUs) proposed in the present disclosure can be included in the x-SIG field, and the receiving STA can obtain information about the Tone Plan (i.e., RU) through the x-SIG field.
  • Tone Plans i.e., RUs
  • the receiving device i.e., the second STA
  • the receiving device i.e., the second STA
  • the receiving device i.e., the second STA
  • the receiving device can decode the data by obtaining information about the antenna combination.
  • the receiving device i.e., the second STA
  • a higher layer e.g., the MAC layer
  • subsequent operations may be performed.
  • the user field (or the common field within the UHR-SIG field or the UHR-SIG field) within the PPDU may include a 1-bit indication indicating whether equal modulation (EQM) or unequal modulation (UEQM) is applied.
  • EQM may mean applying the same modulation for each spatial stream but different modulations with respect to code rates.
  • EQM may mean applying the same modulation to all spatial streams.
  • the UEQM may be applied to a resource unit corresponding to the user field based on the 1-bit indication value being set to 1, and the EQM may be applied to a resource unit corresponding to the user field based on the 1-bit indication value being set to 0.
  • a user field within a UHR-SIG field may be defined as 23 bits.
  • a field may be defined as 23 bits by including the 1-bit indication in the user field within an EHT-SIG field.
  • the size of the user field may be defined as 23 bits. That is, the user encoding blocks may be defined as having the same size of 23 bits so that they can be aligned.
  • the user encoding block within the UHR-SIG field may be composed of 56 bits, including two user fields, a cyclic redundancy code (CRC), and a tail.
  • CRC cyclic redundancy code
  • the user field within the UHR-SIG field which includes a 1-bit indication indicating whether equalized modulation (EQM) or unequalized modulation (UEQM) is applied, may be a user field for non-multi-user MIMO (non-MU-MIMO) allocation.
  • the 1-bit indication may be included only in the user field for non-MU-MIMO allocation.
  • the 1-bit indication may also be included in the user field for MU-MIMO allocation.
  • the UEQM may be set to a combination of at least two or more of QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), 16 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 64 QAM, 256 QAM, 1024 QAM, and 4096 QAM.
  • QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
  • 16 QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
  • 64 QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
  • 256 QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
  • the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) field can be interpreted differently depending on the number of spatial streams.
  • the second STA may transmit capability information regarding whether the UEQM is supported from the first STA.
  • the capability information may be transmitted via at least one of a physical layer capability information field, an association request/response frame, or a probe request/response frame.
  • a PPDU may be composed of a legacy part, a SIG part (e.g., U-SIG, UHR-SIG, etc.), an STF part (e.g., UHR-STF), an LTF part (e.g., UHR-LTF), and a data part.
  • a SIG part e.g., U-SIG, UHR-SIG, etc.
  • an STF part e.g., UHR-STF
  • an LTF part e.g., UHR-LTF
  • All or part of any part may be divided into multiple sub-parts/sub-fields.
  • Each field (and its sub-fields) may be transmitted in units of 4us * N (where N is an integer).
  • a guard interval may be included.
  • the subfields of the signal part may be placed before the STF part, and the remaining subfields of the SIG part may be placed after the STF part.
  • the legacy portion described above may include at least one of a conventional L-STF (Non-HT Short Training Field), L-LTF (Non-HT Long Training Field), and L-SIG (Non-HT Signal Field).
  • L-STF Non-HT Short Training Field
  • L-LTF Non-HT Long Training Field
  • L-SIG Non-HT Signal Field
  • the SIG portion described above may include various control information for the transmitted PPDU.
  • it may include the STF portion, the LTF portion, and control information for decoding data.
  • the above-described STF-part (e.g., the U-STF field) may contain an STF sequence.
  • the above-described LTF-part may include a training field (i.e., LTF sequence) for channel estimation.
  • a training field i.e., LTF sequence
  • the data-part described above may include user data and may include packets for upper layers (e.g., MPDUs).
  • MPDUs packets for upper layers
  • the method described in the example of FIG. 16 may be performed by the second device (200) of FIG. 1.
  • one or more processors (202) of the second device (200) of FIG. 1 may be configured to receive and process PPDUs via the transceiver(s) (106).
  • one or more memories (204) of the second device (200) may store commands for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 16 or the examples described above when executed by one or more processors (202).
  • the scope of the present disclosure includes software or machine-executable instructions (e.g., an operating system, an application, firmware, a program, etc.) that cause operations according to the methods of various embodiments to be executed on a device or a computer, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having such software or instructions stored thereon and executable on the device or computer.
  • Instructions that can be used to program a processing system to perform the features described in the present disclosure can be stored on/in a storage medium or a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product including such a storage medium can be used to implement the features described in the present disclosure.
  • the storage medium can include, but is not limited to, high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices, and can include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices.
  • the memory optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from the processor(s).
  • the memory or, alternatively, the non-volatile memory device(s) within the memory comprise a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
  • the features described in this disclosure may be incorporated into software and/or firmware stored on any of the machine-readable media, which may control the hardware of the processing system and allow the processing system to interact with other mechanisms that utilize results according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Such software or firmware may include, but is not limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems, and execution environments/containers.
  • the method proposed in this disclosure is described with a focus on examples applied to IEEE 802.11-based systems, but can be applied to various wireless LANs or wireless communication systems in addition to IEEE 802.11-based systems.

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Abstract

Sont divulgués un procédé et un dispositif pour l'émission et la réception de PPDU dans un système LAN sans fil. Le procédé selon un mode de réalisation de la présente divulgation comprend les étapes consistant à : générer une PPDU par une première STA ; et émettre, par la première STA, la PPDU vers une seconde STA, un champ d'utilisateur dans un champ de signal (SIG) d'ultra-haute fiabilité (UHR) à l'intérieur de la PPDU comprenant une indication d'un bit indiquant si une modulation égale (EQM) est appliquée ou une modulation inégale (UEQM) est appliquée, et la taille du champ d'utilisateur est définie à l'aide de 23 bits.
PCT/KR2025/001209 2024-01-24 2025-01-22 Procédé et dispositif pour émission et réception de ppdu dans un système de réseau local sans fil Pending WO2025159487A1 (fr)

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KR10-2024-0011236 2024-01-24
KR20240011236 2024-01-24
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KR10-2024-0029143 2024-02-28
KR10-2024-0058684 2024-05-02
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US20230291501A1 (en) * 2023-05-15 2023-09-14 Intel Corporation Multi-user encoding for unequal modulation and coding scheme assignment in wireless communication systems
US20230388165A1 (en) * 2021-02-10 2023-11-30 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Information indication method and apparatus
US20230397186A1 (en) * 2012-03-01 2023-12-07 Interdigital Patent Holdings, Inc. Multi-user parallel channel access in wlan systems
US20230403125A1 (en) * 2023-06-29 2023-12-14 Hao Song Apparatus, system, and method of communicating unequal modulation and coding scheme (mcs) (uem) information
US20230412333A1 (en) * 2023-07-13 2023-12-21 Hao Song Apparatus, system, and method of communicating unequal modulation and coding scheme (mcs) (uem) information

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US20230397186A1 (en) * 2012-03-01 2023-12-07 Interdigital Patent Holdings, Inc. Multi-user parallel channel access in wlan systems
US20230388165A1 (en) * 2021-02-10 2023-11-30 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Information indication method and apparatus
US20230291501A1 (en) * 2023-05-15 2023-09-14 Intel Corporation Multi-user encoding for unequal modulation and coding scheme assignment in wireless communication systems
US20230403125A1 (en) * 2023-06-29 2023-12-14 Hao Song Apparatus, system, and method of communicating unequal modulation and coding scheme (mcs) (uem) information
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