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WO2025159301A1 - Prodrug compound activated by fibroblast activation protein - Google Patents

Prodrug compound activated by fibroblast activation protein

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Publication number
WO2025159301A1
WO2025159301A1 PCT/KR2024/018142 KR2024018142W WO2025159301A1 WO 2025159301 A1 WO2025159301 A1 WO 2025159301A1 KR 2024018142 W KR2024018142 W KR 2024018142W WO 2025159301 A1 WO2025159301 A1 WO 2025159301A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibrosis
fibrotic
present
fap
prodrug compound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/KR2024/018142
Other languages
French (fr)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
유지연
임형준
이병철
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SNU R&DB Foundation
Seoul National University Hospital
Original Assignee
Seoul National University R&DB Foundation
Seoul National University Hospital
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020240139751A external-priority patent/KR20250115893A/en
Application filed by Seoul National University R&DB Foundation, Seoul National University Hospital filed Critical Seoul National University R&DB Foundation
Publication of WO2025159301A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025159301A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • A61K31/404Indoles, e.g. pindolol
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4439Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/496Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/50Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
    • A61K31/501Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/54Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a prodrug compound activated by fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and its use as an antifibrotic agent.
  • FAP fibroblast activation protein
  • Fibroblast activation protein is generally rarely expressed in normal adult tissues, but has been reported to be selectively highly expressed in reactive stromal fibroblasts in more than 90% of examined epithelial malignancies (primary and metastatic) including lung, colorectal, bladder, ovarian, and breast carcinomas, and in malignant mesenchymal cells of bone and soft tissue sarcomas.
  • epithelial malignancies primary and metastatic
  • FAP is known to be involved in tissue remodeling and is highly expressed in activated fibroblasts within scar tissue.
  • FAP has been found to be highly expressed in fibrotic lesions of tissues such as the liver, lung, and colon.
  • FAP-targeting prodrugs have been developed to diagnose or treat FAP-related diseases.
  • these prodrugs have limitations in that they are not specific for FAP due to the high homology between FAP and DPP4 around the active site, as well as the significant overlap in the substrate specificity between FAP and PREP. This has led to the problem of drug activation in various unintended human tissues where DPP4 and PREP are expressed.
  • the focus has been solely on prodrugs that utilize FAP as a biomarker for tumor tissue, and no FAP-targeting antifibrotic agents have been developed.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel prodrug compound having a high selectivity for fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which can specifically release and deliver a drug only in a fibrotic environment where FAP is overexpressed.
  • FAP fibroblast activation protein
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition that can effectively prevent, improve or treat fibrosis-related diseases, including the above-mentioned prodrug.
  • the present invention provides a prodrug that can be activated by fibroblast activation protein (FAP).
  • FAP fibroblast activation protein
  • the prodrug of the present invention comprises a substrate that can be recognized and cleaved by FAP and an oxindole-based kinase inhibitor drug, wherein the substrate and the drug are linked by a linker having a p-aminobenzyl structure.
  • FAP Fibroblast Activation Protein
  • prodrug refers to a compound that can be converted to a biologically active compound described herein under physiological conditions or by solvolysis.
  • prodrug refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable precursor of a biologically active compound.
  • a prodrug is inactive when administered to a subject, but is converted to the active compound, for example, by hydrolysis.
  • Prodrug compounds often offer the advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility, or delayed release in mammalian organisms.
  • the selection of the substrate, drug, and linker connecting them is crucial in prodrug design.
  • Each component of the prodrug can significantly impact its efficacy, stability, and overall therapeutic effect.
  • the drug used as the payload in the present invention contains an oxindole ring, the polarity and electronic properties of which can promote linker degradation.
  • the inventors of the present invention have developed a prodrug compound in which a drug containing an oxindole ring is linked to a FAP substrate via a p-aminobenzyl linker, as represented by the chemical structural formula below.
  • the linker of the prodrug of the present invention is degraded in a chain reaction manner, thereby releasing an oxindole-based kinase inhibitor drug, thereby exerting pharmacological activity.
  • the structure of the prodrug is stably maintained, such as by not degrading the linker, and the drug can remain in an inactive state.
  • the present invention relates to a prodrug compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following chemical formula 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate thereof, and a hydrate thereof:
  • P 1 is a radical of a kinase inhibitor drug containing an oxindole ring, which is a radical derived from the removal of a hydrogen atom from the NH group of the oxindole ring.
  • the radical structure of the oxindole-based kinase inhibitor, which is P 1 may be selected from the chemical formulas below, but is not limited thereto.
  • * indicates a portion where a bond is formed.
  • kinase inhibitors preferably tyrosine kinase inhibitors
  • fibrosis-improving or therapeutic effect of nintedanib has been confirmed in various papers or clinical trials (J Med Chem. 2015 Feb 12;58(3):1053-63; Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018 Feb;19(2):167-175.; Eur Respir J. 2015 May;45(5):1434-45).
  • the prodrug compound represented by the chemical formula 1 provided in the present invention has a novel structure that has not been previously known.
  • the compound represented by the above chemical formula 1 may be selected from the group consisting of the following compounds:
  • the prodrug compound may be a compound represented by the following chemical formula 8, but is not limited thereto:
  • the linker In prodrugs, the linker must not only functionally and physically bind the ligand and the drug, but also ensure that the drug is immediately degraded by a chain reaction after the substrate is cleaved, enabling the drug to be active. While various self-removable linkers have been known, there have been cases where the FAP substrate was not properly recognized by FAP due to structural issues, or the linker was not properly removed after the FAP substrate was cleaved, resulting in the drug not being effective. Furthermore, there was a problem where the exposed end of the linker reacted with other parts of the drug or with the cleaved FAP substrate, preventing the drug from working effectively.
  • the drug binding to the ligand particularly the oxindole-based kinase inhibitor drug
  • the ligand has a large structure, so when it binds directly to the ligand recognized and cleaved by FAP without connecting a linker, FAP cannot properly recognize the ligand due to steric hindrance, and thus cannot exhibit enzymatic activity.
  • the linker by linking an N-(1-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)isonicotinamide moiety as a FAP substrate and an oxindole-based kinase inhibitor drug such as nintedanib through a linker having a p-aminobenzoyl structure, the linker can easily enter a pocket in the FAP enzyme. This allows the substrate to be selectively cleaved by FAP with high sensitivity, and the drug of P 1 can be active as the linker is subsequently degraded and removed from the drug.
  • oxindole-based kinase inhibitor drugs such as nintedanib, which exhibit an anti-fibrotic effect, do not act in an inactive state in normal tissues where fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is not expressed.
  • FAP fibroblast activation protein
  • the N-(1-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)isonicotinamide moiety is cleaved by FAP as shown in the following reaction schemes 1 and 2. Thereafter, as the linker of the p-aminobenzoyl structure is continuously and spontaneously removed, the drug can be effectively delivered to the fibrotic tissues and exhibit an effective therapeutic effect.
  • the prodrug of the present invention reacts with tyrosine kinases such as VEGFR2, FGFR1, PDGFR ⁇ , and FLT1
  • the prodrug is positioned outside the binding pocket. This reduces the binding affinity between the P1 drug and the tyrosine kinase, preventing it from exhibiting effective activity. Therefore, the prodrug of the present invention is less likely to cause side effects because the drug does not work properly in normal tissues.
  • the fibrotic tissue may be a tissue in which a fibrotic condition has occurred in the liver, lungs, heart, blood vessels, joints or interstitial tissue, pancreas, skin, mouth, digestive tract, brain, breast, bone marrow, peritoneum, or kidney, and preferably, may be lung fibrotic tissue, but is not limited thereto.
  • the present invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds described above.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are salts generally considered by those skilled in the art to be suitable for medical applications (e.g., because they are not harmful to a subject to be treated with the salt), or salts that cause acceptable side effects within the respective treatment.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts are salts deemed acceptable by regulatory authorities such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), or the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan.
  • FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration
  • EMA European Medicines Agency
  • PMDA Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency
  • the present invention also encompasses salts of the compounds of the present invention that are not pharmaceutically acceptable in themselves, for example, as intermediates in the preparation of the compounds of the present invention or physiologically functional derivatives thereof, or as intermediates in the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present invention or physiologically functional derivatives thereof.
  • Such salts include water-insoluble salts, and in particular, water-soluble salts.
  • a person skilled in the art can readily determine whether a particular compound according to the invention or a physiologically functional derivative thereof is capable of forming a salt, i.e. whether the compound according to the invention or a physiologically functional derivative thereof has a group capable of carrying a charge, such as, for example, an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, etc.
  • Exemplary salts of the compounds of the present invention are acid addition salts or salts with bases, particularly pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic and organic acid addition salts and salts with bases commonly used in pharmacy, which are water-insoluble or particularly water-soluble acid addition salts.
  • bases may also be suitable.
  • Acid addition salts can be formed, for example, by mixing a solution of a compound of the present invention with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid or phosphoric acid.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts include alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium or potassium salts); alkaline earth metal salts (e.g., calcium or magnesium salts); and salts formed with suitable organic ligands (e.g., ammonium, quaternary ammonium and amine cations formed using counter anions such as halides, hydroxides, carboxylates, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, alkyl sulfonates and aryl sulfonates).
  • suitable organic ligands e.g., ammonium, quaternary ammonium and amine cations formed using counter anions such as halides, hydroxides, carboxylates, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, alkyl sulfonates and aryl sulfonates.
  • Illustrative examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, arginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate, bromide, butyrate, calcium edetate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, citrate, digluconate, dihydrochloride, dodecylsulfate, edetate, edisylate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, galactate, galacturonate, gluconate, glutamate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hexylresorcinate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, Including but not limited to 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, hydroxyn
  • Salts which are not pharmaceutically acceptable and which may be obtained, for example, as process products during the preparation of the compounds according to the invention on an industrial scale, are also encompassed by the present invention and, if desired, can be converted into pharmaceutically acceptable salts by methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • the compounds of the present invention may contain varying amounts of solvent, for example when isolated in crystalline form. Accordingly, solvates, particularly hydrates, of the compounds of the present invention, as well as solvates, particularly hydrates, of salts of the compounds of the present invention, may be included within the scope of the present invention. More particularly, the present invention may include hydrates of the compounds, salts, and/or physiologically functional derivatives according to the present invention, which contain one, two, or half water molecules with respect to the stoichiometry.
  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing, improving or treating a fibrotic disease, comprising a prodrug compound provided by the present invention as an active ingredient.
  • the fibrotic diseases include scleroderma, atherosclerosis, cardiac fibrosis, organ transplant fibrosis, muscle fibrosis, pancreatic fibrosis, myelofibrosis, liver fibrosis, splenic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic interstitial fibrosis, diffuse interstitial fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, chronic interstitial lung disease, pneumoconiosis, silicosis, interstitial fibrosis, sarcoidosis, mediastinal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, atrial fibrosis, endocardial fibrosis, renal fibrosis, macular degeneration, keloid lesions, hypertrophic scars, renal systemic fibrosis, injection fibrosis, fibrotic complications of surgery, fibrotic chronic allograft angiopathy, fibrosis associated with ischemic rep
  • the "pharmaceutical composition” may be characterized as being in the form of a capsule, tablet, granule, injection, ointment, powder or beverage, and the pharmaceutical composition may be characterized as being intended for animals, specifically humans.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions described above are not limited thereto, but may be formulated and used in the form of oral dosage forms such as powders, granules, capsules, tablets, and aqueous suspensions, as well as external preparations, suppositories, and sterile injectable solutions, each according to a conventional method.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers may include binders, lubricants, disintegrants, excipients, solubilizers, dispersants, stabilizers, suspending agents, coloring agents, fragrances, etc. for oral administration, and buffers, preservatives, analgesics, solubilizers, isotonic agents, stabilizers, etc. for injections.
  • bases for topical administration, bases, excipients, lubricants, preservatives, etc. may be used.
  • the formulations of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be prepared in various ways by mixing with the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers described above.
  • for oral administration it can be manufactured in the form of tablets, troches, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, etc., and for injections, it can be manufactured in the form of unit dose ampoules or multiple doses.
  • it can be formulated in the form of solutions, suspensions, tablets, capsules, sustained-release preparations, etc.
  • examples of carriers, excipients, and diluents suitable for formulation include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, malditol, starch, acacia gum, alginate, gelatin, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, cellulose, methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, water, methyl hydroxybenzoate, propyl hydroxybenzoate, talc, magnesium stearate, or mineral oil.
  • fillers, anticoagulants, lubricants, wetting agents, fragrances, emulsifiers, preservatives, and the like may be additionally included.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may further comprise a radical scavenger in addition to the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the radical scavenger may be used to prevent radiolysis. Radiolysis is a process in which the ionization of oxygen or water molecules induced by radionuclides forms other reactive species such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen radicals, ozone, and hydroxyl radicals. These reactive species can also cause damage to DNA and other cellular structures.
  • the radical scavenger is an antioxidant selected from carnosic acid, green tea extract, apigenin, diosmin, rosmarinic acid, lipoic acid, beta-carotene, L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), ⁇ -tocopherol, rutin, amifostine, resveratrol, gentisic acid, and gallic acid.
  • the radical scavenger may be an antioxidant selected from, but not limited to, gallic acid, L-ascorbic acid, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC).
  • Routes of administration of the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, oral, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarterial, intramedullary, intrathecal, intracardiac, transdermal, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intranasal, enteral, topical, sublingual, or rectal.
  • Oral or parenteral administration is preferred, and the term "parenteral” includes subcutaneous, intradermal, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarticular, intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intralesional, and intracranial injection or infusion techniques.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may also be administered in the form of a suppository for rectal administration.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may vary depending on various factors including the activity of the specific compound used, age, body weight, general health, sex, dosage form, administration time, administration route, excretion rate, drug combination, and severity of the specific disease to be prevented or treated, and the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition may vary depending on the patient's condition, body weight, degree of disease, drug form, administration route, and period, but may be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art, and may be administered at 0.0001 to 50 mg/kg or 0.001 to 50 mg/kg per day. Administration may be administered once a day or divided into several times. The dosage does not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention may be formulated as a pill, a sugar-coated tablet, a capsule, a liquid, a gel, a syrup, a slurry, or a suspension.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administered alone or in combination with other antifibrotic agents.
  • the other antifibrotic agent is pirfenidone or a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTKI) such as sorafenib and other RTKI, or an angiotensin II (AT1) receptor blocker, or a CTGF inhibitor, or any antifibrotic compound that is likely to interfere with the TGF ⁇ and BMP-activated pathway (including activators of latent TGF ⁇ complexes such as MMP2, MMP9, THBS1 or cell-surface integrins, TGF ⁇ receptor type I (TGFBRI) or type II (TGFBRII) and their ligands such as TGF ⁇ , activin, inhibin, Nodal, anti-Müllerian hormone, GDF or BMP, coreceptors (also known as type III receptors)), or a component of the SMAD-dependent canonical pathway (including respiratory or inhibitory SMAD proteins), or a member of the
  • a method for preventing, improving or treating a fibrotic disease comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a prodrug compound of the present invention in a pharmaceutically effective amount.
  • the subject is an subject that has developed or is suspected of developing a fibrotic disease
  • the subject suspected of developing the disease means all animals including humans, monkeys, cows, horses, sheep, pigs, chickens, turkeys, quails, cats, dogs, mice, rats, rabbits or guinea pigs that have developed or can develop the disease, but subjects that can be treated with the effective substance provided in the present invention are included without limitation.
  • a "pharmaceutically effective amount” is an amount sufficient to stop or alleviate the physiological effects of a subject or patient caused by a fibrosis-related disease.
  • An appropriate effective amount may be determined by a treating physician within the scope of sound medical judgment, and may be administered once or in several divided doses.
  • a specific therapeutically effective amount for a specific patient it is preferable to apply a specific therapeutically effective amount for a specific patient differently depending on various factors such as the type and degree of response to be achieved, whether other agents are used in some cases, the composition containing the specific effective ingredient, the patient's age, weight, general health condition, sex, and diet, the time of administration, route of administration, number of administrations, and secretion rate of the composition containing the effective ingredient, the treatment period, drugs used together or concurrently with the specific composition, and similar factors well known in the medical field.
  • the total effective amount of the composition of the present invention can be administered to a patient as a single dose, or can be administered by a fractionated treatment protocol in which multiple doses are administered over a long period of time.
  • the composition of the present invention may vary in the content of the active ingredient depending on the severity of the disease. Specifically, a preferred total dosage of the composition of the present invention may be about 0.0001 mg to 500 mg per kg of patient body weight per day.
  • the dosage of the composition is determined by taking into consideration various factors such as the route of administration of the pharmaceutical composition and the number of treatments, as well as the patient's age, weight, health status, sex, severity of the disease, diet, and excretion rate, a person having ordinary skill in the art will be able to determine an appropriate effective dosage for a specific use of the composition of the present invention.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention is not particularly limited in its formulation, route of administration, or method of administration, as long as it exhibits the effects of the present invention.
  • the method for preventing, improving or treating the fibrotic disease in the present invention may be a combination therapy further comprising administering a compound or substance having therapeutic activity against one or more diseases.
  • combined use should be understood to refer to simultaneous, separate, or sequential administration. If the administration is sequential or separate, the interval between the administration of the secondary components should be such that the beneficial effects of the combination are not lost.
  • the type of fibrotic disease and the secondary components that can be administered in combination are described above and thus are omitted for detailed description.
  • the prodrug compound provided by the present invention can exhibit effective activity in lesion tissues by cleaving the substrate by fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in a fibrotic environment, particularly in lung fibrotic tissue, where FAP is overexpressed, and releasing an oxidol-based drug through a linker chain degradation reaction.
  • FAP fibroblast activation protein
  • the prodrug compound of the present invention has the advantage of not being activated in normal tissues where FAP is not or underexpressed because its structure is stably maintained, and binding to tyrosine kinase is also prevented, thereby reducing the possibility of side effects.
  • Figure 1 shows the results of LC-MS analysis performed on FAAP synthesized in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the results of NMR analysis ( 1 H NMR, 400 MHz, CD 3 OD) performed on FAAP synthesized in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows the results of observing the change in fluorescence intensity after treating FAP, PREP, and DPP4 on the AMC-conjugated FAP substrate according to the present invention in Experimental Example 1.
  • Figure 4a shows a schematic diagram of FAAP decomposition over time after treating FAAP according to the present invention in Experimental Example 2.
  • Figure 4b shows the results of analyzing the degree of FAAP decomposition over time using HPLC after treating FAAP according to the present invention in Experimental Example 2.
  • Figures 5a to 5c show the results of LC-MS analysis of whether a precursor is generated and whether nintedanib is released as FAAP is decomposed over time after treating FAP to FAAP according to the present invention in Experimental Example 2.
  • Figure 5a shows the results of analyzing the presence or absence of FAAP (1)
  • Figure 5b shows the results of analyzing the presence or absence of a precursor (2)
  • Figure 5c shows the results of analyzing the presence or absence of nintedanib (3).
  • Figure 6a shows a photograph observed using a confocal microscope after treating U87MG cells with nintedanib and FAAP, or a FAP inhibitor (OncoFAP) in Experimental Example 5, and Figures 6b and 6c show a comparison of the fluorescence intensity according to each treatment.
  • the present invention relates to a prodrug compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following chemical formula 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate thereof, and a hydrate thereof:
  • P 1 is a radical of a kinase inhibitor drug containing an oxindole ring, which is a radical derived from the removal of a hydrogen atom from the NH group of the oxindole ring.
  • the radical structure of the oxindole-based kinase inhibitor, which is P 1 may be selected from the chemical formulas below, but is not limited thereto.
  • * indicates a portion where a bond is formed.
  • the compound represented by the above chemical formula 1 may be selected from the group consisting of the following compounds:
  • the prodrug compound may be a compound represented by the following chemical formula 8, but is not limited thereto:
  • the prodrug according to the present invention can be effectively delivered to fibrotic tissue and exhibit effective efficacy by cleaving the N-(1-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)isonicotinamide moiety by FAP in an environment where fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed, i.e., in fibrotic tissue, and continuously and spontaneously removing the linker of the p-aminobenzoyl structure.
  • FAP fibroblast activation protein
  • the fibrotic tissue may be a tissue in which a fibrotic condition has occurred in the liver, lungs, heart, vascular system, joints or interstitial tissue, pancreas, skin, mouth, digestive tract, brain, breast, bone marrow, peritoneum, or kidney, and preferably, may be lung fibrotic tissue, but is not limited thereto.
  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing, improving or treating a fibrotic disease, comprising a prodrug compound provided by the present invention as an active ingredient.
  • a method for preventing, improving or treating a fibrotic disease comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a prodrug compound of the present invention in a pharmaceutically effective amount.
  • the fibrotic diseases include scleroderma, atherosclerosis, cardiac fibrosis, organ transplant fibrosis, muscle fibrosis, pancreatic fibrosis, myelofibrosis, liver fibrosis, splenic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic interstitial fibrosis, diffuse interstitial fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, chronic interstitial lung disease, pneumoconiosis, silicosis, interstitial fibrosis, sarcoidosis, mediastinal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, atrial fibrosis, endocardial fibrosis, renal fibrosis, macular degeneration, keloid lesions, hypertrophic scars, renal systemic fibrosis, injection fibrosis, fibrotic complications of surgery, fibrotic chronic allograft angiopathy, fibrosis associated with ischemic rep
  • step 7 of Example 1 the prodrug compound of Table 1 was prepared by adding the drug shown in Table 1 below instead of nintedanib.
  • the substrate according to the present invention was specifically cleaved only by the FAP enzyme and fluorescence was detected, and that it was not cleaved by PREP or DPP4, which have a similar structure to FAP.
  • the [M + H] + value of the FAAP compound (1) was confirmed to be approximately 919 through LC/MS analysis
  • the [M + H] + value of the precursor (2) generated by decomposition in the presence of FAP was confirmed to be approximately 645
  • the [M + H] + value of nintedanib (3) was confirmed to be 540.
  • Nintedanib a drug included in the FAAP of the present invention, is known to bind to three types of tyrosine kinases (VEGFR2, FGFR1, PDGFR ⁇ ). Docking simulations of the structures of nintedanib and FAAP were performed in the region corresponding to the receptor pocket using molecular docking simulations (AutoDock Vina). However, the types of receptors used in the experiment were VEGFR-2 crystal (PDB ID: 3C7Q) and PDGFR ⁇ (PDB ID: 6JOL). The binding affinity and binding location of nintedanib to tyrosine kinases within the FAAP structure were confirmed, and the results are shown in Table 2.
  • This experiment was based on a competitive binding assay, which quantitatively measures the ability of a compound to compete with an immobilized active-site-directed ligand.
  • This assay involved combining three components: a DNA-tagged kinase, a ligand immobilized on beads, and a test compound. If the test compound binds to the kinase and directly or indirectly blocks the ATP site, the number of protein molecules (kinase) bound to the ligand immobilized on the beads decreases. If the test compound does not bind to the kinase, the tagged protein (kinase) can bind to the beads. Therefore, the degree of binding is assessed by measuring the amount of fusion protein bound to the beads using quantitative PCR (qPCR).
  • qPCR quantitative PCR
  • kinase, liganded beads, and test compounds were placed in the test plate and incubated with agitation at room temperature for 1 hour. After resuspending the beads in elution buffer (1x PBS, 0.05% Tween 20, 0.5 ⁇ M non-biotinylated affinity ligand), the beads were incubated with agitation at room temperature for 30 minutes, and the kinase concentration in the eluate was measured by qPCR. The binding ability of FAAP to each kinase was compared with that of nintedanib, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.
  • the normal group with FAP and the group in which FAP was blocked using oncoFAP were treated with nintedanib and FAAP, and the uptake patterns were confirmed using a confocal microscope. Specifically, cells were seeded at 2 X 10 5 cells/mL per well in a confocal dish, incubated for 24 hours, and then drug treatment was performed. The normal group with FAP was treated with 2 ⁇ L (10 ⁇ M) each of FAAP and nintedanib.
  • the group in which FAP was blocked was first treated with 10 ⁇ L (1 mM) of oncoFAP, shaken from side to side to mix, incubated for 30 minutes, and then treated with 2 ⁇ L (10 ⁇ M) of FAAP. After drug treatment, the cells were shaken at 165 rpm for 5 minutes using a shaker. After incubation in an incubator for 15 minutes, 2 hours, 6 hours, and 10 hours, the cells were washed twice with warm DPBS. After incubation for 15 minutes with 1 ml of warm 4% PFA and washing twice, the cells were fixed by filling the cells with DPBS and preventing them from drying, and then confocal images were taken.
  • nintedanib The drug images of nintedanib were obtained using a Hoechst 33258 filter. The reason why confirmation with a confocal microscope was possible is because nintedanib has an inherent fluorescent property (emission 482 nm, excitation 390 nm), whereas FAAP does not show fluorescence.
  • nintedanib exhibited fluorescence 15 minutes after treatment, but FAAP did not exhibit fluorescence until 10 hours after FAAP treatment in the cells, when the fluorescence intensity increased.
  • a FAP inhibitor no fluorescence was observed even after 10 hours.
  • the FAAP of the present invention is specifically activated by nintedanib at the cellular level by FAP.
  • the present invention relates to a prodrug compound activated by fibroblast activation protein (FAP) that can be used as an antifibrotic agent, and its application.
  • FAP fibroblast activation protein

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a prodrug compound activated by a fibroblast activation protein (FAP).

Description

섬유아세포 활성화 단백질에 의해 활성화되는 프로드러그 화합물Prodrug compounds activated by fibroblast-activating protein

본 발명은 섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(fibroblast activation protein; FAP)에 의해 활성화되는 프로드러그 화합물과, 이의 항섬유화 약제로서의 적용 용도에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a prodrug compound activated by fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and its use as an antifibrotic agent.

섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(fibroblast activation protein; FAP)은 일반적으로 정상 성인 조직에서는 거의 발현되지 않는 반면, 폐, 결장직장, 방광, 난소 및 유방 암종을 포함하는 검사된 상피 악성종양(원발성 및 전이성)의 90% 이상의 반응성 기질 섬유모세포나, 골 및 연조직 육종의 악성 중간엽 세포에서 선택적으로 높게 발현되는 것으로 보고된 바 있다. 종양 또는 암 조직 외에도 섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(FAP)은 조직 리모델링에 관여하며, 흉터 조직 내의 활성화된 섬유아세포에서 높게 발현되는 것으로 알려진 바 있다. 최근에는 섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(FAP)이 간, 폐 및 결장 등 조직의 섬유증 병변에서 높게 발현되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is generally rarely expressed in normal adult tissues, but has been reported to be selectively highly expressed in reactive stromal fibroblasts in more than 90% of examined epithelial malignancies (primary and metastatic) including lung, colorectal, bladder, ovarian, and breast carcinomas, and in malignant mesenchymal cells of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. In addition to tumor or cancer tissue, FAP is known to be involved in tissue remodeling and is highly expressed in activated fibroblasts within scar tissue. Recently, FAP has been found to be highly expressed in fibrotic lesions of tissues such as the liver, lung, and colon.

한편, 종래에 섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(FAP) 관련 질환을 진단 또는 치료하기 위한 목적으로 FAP 표적 전구약물이 개발되어 왔다. 그러나 이러한 전구약물들은 활성 부위 주변의 FAP와 DPP4의 높은 상동성, 및 FAP와 PREP 기질 특이성이 상당히 중복되어 있어, FAP에만 특이적이지 않은 한계가 있었다. 이로 인해 DPP4과 PREP이 발현되는 의도하지 않은 인체의 다양한 조직에서 약물이 활성화될 수 있는 문제가 있었다. 또한 지금까지는 FAP을 종양조직의 바이오마커로 이용하는 전구약물에만 집중되어 있었으며, FAP 표적 항섬유화 약제는 개발된 적이 없다.Meanwhile, fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeting prodrugs have been developed to diagnose or treat FAP-related diseases. However, these prodrugs have limitations in that they are not specific for FAP due to the high homology between FAP and DPP4 around the active site, as well as the significant overlap in the substrate specificity between FAP and PREP. This has led to the problem of drug activation in various unintended human tissues where DPP4 and PREP are expressed. Furthermore, to date, the focus has been solely on prodrugs that utilize FAP as a biomarker for tumor tissue, and no FAP-targeting antifibrotic agents have been developed.

본 발명의 목적은 섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(FAP)에 대해 높은 선택성을 가져, FAP 과발현 섬유화 환경에서만 특이적으로 약물이 방출되고 전달될 수 있는 신규한 구조의 프로드러그(prodrug) 화합물을 제공하는 것이다. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel prodrug compound having a high selectivity for fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which can specifically release and deliver a drug only in a fibrotic environment where FAP is overexpressed.

본 발명의 다른 목적은 상기한 프로드러그(prodrug)를 포함하여 섬유화 관련 질환을 효과적으로 예방, 개선 또는 치료할 수 있는 약제학적 조성물을 제공하는 것이다. Another object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition that can effectively prevent, improve or treat fibrosis-related diseases, including the above-mentioned prodrug.

그러나 본 발명이 이루고자 하는 기술적 과제는 이상에서 언급한 과제에 제한되지 않으며, 언급되지 않은 또 다른 과제들은 아래의 기재로부터 당업계에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 명확하게 이해될 수 있을 것이다.However, the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the problems mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

이하, 본원에 기재된 다양한 구체예가 도면을 참조로 기재된다. 하기 설명에서, 본 발명의 완전한 이해를 위해서, 다양한 특이적 상세사항, 예컨대, 특이적 형태, 조성물 및 공정 등이 기재되어 있다. 그러나, 특정의 구체예는 이들 특이적 상세 사항 중 하나 이상 없이, 또는 다른 공지된 방법 및 형태와 함께 실행될 수 있다. 다른 예에서, 공지된 공정 및 제조 기술은 본 발명을 불필요하게 모호하게 하지 않게 하기 위해서, 특정의 상세사항으로 기재되지 않는다. "한 가지 구체예" 또는 "구체예"에 대한 본 명세서 전체를 통한 참조는 구체예와 결부되어 기재된 특별한 특징, 형태, 조성 또는 특성이 본 발명의 하나 이상의 구체예에 포함됨을 의미한다. 따라서, 본 명세서 전체에 걸친 다양한 위치에서 표현된 "한 가지 구체예에서" 또는 "구체예"의 상황은 반드시 본 발명의 동일한 구체예를 나타내지는 않는다. 추가로, 특별한 특징, 형태, 조성, 또는 특성은 하나 이상의 구체예에서 어떠한 적합한 방법으로 조합될 수 있다.Hereinafter, various embodiments described herein will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, various specific details, such as specific configurations, compositions, and processes, are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, certain embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specific details, or in conjunction with other known methods and configurations. In other instances, well-known processes and manufacturing techniques have not been described in specific detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention. Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, configuration, composition, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of "in one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment of the present invention. Additionally, the particular features, configurations, compositions, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

본 발명은 섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(FAP)에 의해 활성화될 수 있는 프로드러그(prodrug)를 제공한다. 본 발명의 프로드러그는, FAP에 의해 인식되어 절단될 수 있는 기질과, 옥신돌(oxindole) 기반 키나아제 억제제 약물을 포함하며, 이때 상기 기질과 약물이 p-아미노벤질(p-aminobenzyl) 구조의 링커에 의해 연결된 것을 특징으로 한다. The present invention provides a prodrug that can be activated by fibroblast activation protein (FAP). The prodrug of the present invention comprises a substrate that can be recognized and cleaved by FAP and an oxindole-based kinase inhibitor drug, wherein the substrate and the drug are linked by a linker having a p-aminobenzyl structure.

본 명세서에서, "섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(Fibroblast Activation Protein, FAP)"은 세린 프로테아제 계열에 속하는 효소로, 주로 조직 재형성, 상처 치유, 그리고 암과 같은 특정 병리학적 상태에서 중요한 역할을 한다. FAP은 정상적인 성인 조직에서는 거의 발현되지 않지만, 암, 섬유증, 염증성 질환 등에서 높은 수준으로 발현된다. In this specification, "Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP)" is an enzyme belonging to the serine protease family, which plays a key role primarily in tissue remodeling, wound healing, and certain pathological conditions such as cancer. FAP is rarely expressed in normal adult tissues, but is highly expressed in cancer, fibrosis, and inflammatory diseases.

본 명세서에서, "프로드러그(prodrug)"는 생리학적 조건 하에 또는 가용매 분해에 의해서 본원에 기재된 생물학적 활성 화합물로 전환될 수 있는 화합물을 나타내는 것을 의미한다. 따라서, 용어 "프로드러그"는 약제학적으로 허용되는 생물학적 활성 화합물의 전구체를 나타낸다. 일부 양태에서, 프로드러그는 대상에게 투여되는 때에 불활성이지만, 예를 들어, 가수분해에 의해서 활성 화합물로 전환된다. 프로드러그 화합물은 흔히 포유동물 유기체에서의 용해도, 조직 적합성 또는 지연된 방출의 이점을 부여한다.As used herein, the term "prodrug" refers to a compound that can be converted to a biologically active compound described herein under physiological conditions or by solvolysis. Thus, the term "prodrug" refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable precursor of a biologically active compound. In some embodiments, a prodrug is inactive when administered to a subject, but is converted to the active compound, for example, by hydrolysis. Prodrug compounds often offer the advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility, or delayed release in mammalian organisms.

일반적으로 프로드러그 설계에서는 기질, 약물, 그리고 이들을 연결하는 링커의 선정이 매우 중요하다. 프로드러그를 구성하는 각 요소는 약물의 효능, 안정성 및 전반적인 치료 효과에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문이다. 특히, 본 발명에서 페이로드(payload)로 사용하는 약물은 옥신돌 고리를 함유하고 있어, 이 고리의 극성 및 전자적 특성이 링커의 분해를 촉진할 수 있다.In general, the selection of the substrate, drug, and linker connecting them is crucial in prodrug design. Each component of the prodrug can significantly impact its efficacy, stability, and overall therapeutic effect. In particular, the drug used as the payload in the present invention contains an oxindole ring, the polarity and electronic properties of which can promote linker degradation.

본 발명의 발명자들은 예의 노력한 결과, 아래 화학 구조식으로 표시되는, 즉, p-아미노벤질(p-aminobenzyl) 링커를 통해 FAP 기질에 옥신돌 고리를 포함하는 약물을 결합시킨 프로드러그 화합물을 개발하게 되었다. 본 발명의 프로드러그는 FAP에 의해 상기 기질이 절단되면, 상기 구조의 링커는 연쇄적으로 분해되면서, 옥신돌 기반 키나아제 억제제 약물이 방출되어 약리적인 활성을 발휘할 수 있다. 반면, FAP에 의해 기질이 절단되지 않는 정상 조직에서는 링커가 분해되지 않는 등 상기 프로드러그의 구조가 안정적으로 유지되며, 약물은 비활성 상태를 유지할 수 있다. 본 발명에 대해 이하 자세히 설명한다.As a result of extensive efforts, the inventors of the present invention have developed a prodrug compound in which a drug containing an oxindole ring is linked to a FAP substrate via a p-aminobenzyl linker, as represented by the chemical structural formula below. When the substrate is cleaved by FAP, the linker of the prodrug of the present invention is degraded in a chain reaction manner, thereby releasing an oxindole-based kinase inhibitor drug, thereby exerting pharmacological activity. On the other hand, in normal tissues where the substrate is not cleaved by FAP, the structure of the prodrug is stably maintained, such as by not degrading the linker, and the drug can remain in an inactive state. The present invention will be described in detail below.

본 발명의 일 구현 예에 따르면, 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물, 이의 약제학적으로 허용 가능한 염, 이의 용매화물 및 이의 수화물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 프로드러그(prodrug) 화합물에 관한 것이다:According to one embodiment of the present invention, the present invention relates to a prodrug compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following chemical formula 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate thereof, and a hydrate thereof:

[화학식 1][Chemical Formula 1]

상기 화학식 1에서, P1은 옥신돌 고리를 포함하는 키나아제 억제제 약물의 라디칼로서, 상기 옥신돌 고리의 NH기에서 수소 원자의 제거로 유도된 라디칼이다. 구체적으로, 상기 P1인 옥신돌 기반 키나아제 억제제의 라디칼 구조는 아래 화학식에서 선택될 수 있으나, 이에 제한되는 것은 아니다. 아래 화학식에서 *는 결합이 이루어지는 부분을 의미한다. In the above chemical formula 1, P 1 is a radical of a kinase inhibitor drug containing an oxindole ring, which is a radical derived from the removal of a hydrogen atom from the NH group of the oxindole ring. Specifically, the radical structure of the oxindole-based kinase inhibitor, which is P 1 , may be selected from the chemical formulas below, but is not limited thereto. In the chemical formulas below, * indicates a portion where a bond is formed.

상기 화학식으로 표시되는 옥신돌 고리를 함유하는 화합물은 키나아제 억제제(바람직하게는 타이로신 키나아제 억제제)로 작용하는 것으로서, 섬유증을 치료할 수 있다(Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Sep;141:111842.; J. Med. Chem. 58 (2015) 1053e1063; Molecules 2017, 22(11), 1979;). 특히 닌테다닙의 섬유증 개선 또는 치료 효과는 다양한 논문이나 임상으로 확인된 바 있다(J Med Chem. 2015 Feb 12;58(3):1053-63); Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018 Feb;19(2):167-175.; Eur Respir J. 2015 May;45(5):1434-45).Compounds containing an oxindole ring represented by the above chemical formula act as kinase inhibitors (preferably tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and can treat fibrosis (Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Sep;141:111842.; J. Med. Chem. 58 (2015) 1053e1063; Molecules 2017, 22(11), 1979;). In particular, the fibrosis-improving or therapeutic effect of nintedanib has been confirmed in various papers or clinical trials (J Med Chem. 2015 Feb 12;58(3):1053-63; Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018 Feb;19(2):167-175.; Eur Respir J. 2015 May;45(5):1434-45).

하지만, 본 발명에서 제공하는 것으로 상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 프로드러그 화합물은 알려진 바 없는 신규한 구조이다. However, the prodrug compound represented by the chemical formula 1 provided in the present invention has a novel structure that has not been previously known.

상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물은 아래의 화합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택될 수 있다:The compound represented by the above chemical formula 1 may be selected from the group consisting of the following compounds:

바람직하기로, 상기 프로드러그 화합물은 하기 화학식 8로 표시되는 화합물일 수 있으나, 이에 제한되는 것은 아니다:Preferably, the prodrug compound may be a compound represented by the following chemical formula 8, but is not limited thereto:

[화학식 8] [Chemical Formula 8]

프로드러그에 있어서 링커는 리간드와 약물을 기능적 및 물리적으로 결합시키는 역학을 해야할 뿐만 아니라, 기질이 절단된 뒤에 곧바로 연쇄 반응에 의해 분해되어 약물이 활성을 낼 수 있도록 해야 한다. 기존에 자가 제거 가능한 링커로 다양한 종류가 알려져 있었지만, 구조적으로 FAP 기질이 FAP에 의해 제대로 인식되지 못하거나, FAP 기질이 절단된 후 링커가 제대로 제거되지 않아, 약물이 유효한 활성을 내지 못하게 되는 경우가 발생하였다. 또한, 링커의 노출된 말단이 오히려 약물의 다른 부분이나 절단된 FAP 기질과 반응하여 약물이 효과적으로 작용하지 못하는 문제점이 있었다. In prodrugs, the linker must not only functionally and physically bind the ligand and the drug, but also ensure that the drug is immediately degraded by a chain reaction after the substrate is cleaved, enabling the drug to be active. While various self-removable linkers have been known, there have been cases where the FAP substrate was not properly recognized by FAP due to structural issues, or the linker was not properly removed after the FAP substrate was cleaved, resulting in the drug not being effective. Furthermore, there was a problem where the exposed end of the linker reacted with other parts of the drug or with the cleaved FAP substrate, preventing the drug from working effectively.

본 발명의 프로드러그 화합물에서 리간드에 결합하는 약물, 특히 옥신돌 기반 키나아제 억제제 약물은 구조가 크기 때문에, 링커를 연결하지 않고 FAP에 의해 인식 및 절단되는 리간드와 바로 결합하는 경우, 입체장애로 인하여 FAP이 리간드를 제대로 인식하지 못하여 효소 활성을 발휘하지 못하게 된다. In the prodrug compound of the present invention, the drug binding to the ligand, particularly the oxindole-based kinase inhibitor drug, has a large structure, so when it binds directly to the ligand recognized and cleaved by FAP without connecting a linker, FAP cannot properly recognize the ligand due to steric hindrance, and thus cannot exhibit enzymatic activity.

그러나 본 발명에서는 FAP 기질로서 N-(1-(2-카바모일피롤리딘-1-일)-1-옥소프로판-2-일)이소니코틴아마이드 모이어티(moiety)와 닌테다닙(nintedanib)과 같은 옥신돌 기반 키나아제 억제제 약물을, p-아미노벤조일(p-aminobenzoyl) 구조의 링커를 통해 연결함으로써, FAP 효소 내 포켓(pocket)에 링커가 잘 들어갈 수 있다. 이를 통해 기질이 FAP에 의해 높은 민감도로 선택적 절단되고, 이후 상기 링커가 약물로부터 연속적으로 분해 및 제거됨에 따라 P1의 약물이 활성을 낼 수 있다. However, in the present invention, by linking an N-(1-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)isonicotinamide moiety as a FAP substrate and an oxindole-based kinase inhibitor drug such as nintedanib through a linker having a p-aminobenzoyl structure, the linker can easily enter a pocket in the FAP enzyme. This allows the substrate to be selectively cleaved by FAP with high sensitivity, and the drug of P 1 can be active as the linker is subsequently degraded and removed from the drug.

보다 상세히는, 본 발명에 따른 화합물에서 섬유증에 대하여 약효를 내는 닌테다닙(nintedanib) 등의 옥신돌 기반 키나아제 억제제 약물은 섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(FAP)이 발현되지 않는 정상 조직에서는 비활성 상태로 작용하지 않는다. 하지만, 섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(FAP)이 과발현된 환경, 즉 섬유화 조직에서는, 하기 반응식 1 및 2와 같이 FAP에 의해 N-(1-(2-카바모일피롤리딘-1-일)-1-옥소프로판-2-일)이소니코틴아마이드 모이어티가 절단된다. 이후 p-아미노벤조일(p-aminobenzoyl) 구조의 링커가 연속적, 그리고 자발적으로 제거됨에 따라 약물이 섬유화 조직에 효과적으로 전달되어 유효한 약효를 발휘할 수 있다. More specifically, in the compounds according to the present invention, oxindole-based kinase inhibitor drugs such as nintedanib, which exhibit an anti-fibrotic effect, do not act in an inactive state in normal tissues where fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is not expressed. However, in an environment where fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed, i.e., in fibrotic tissues, the N-(1-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)isonicotinamide moiety is cleaved by FAP as shown in the following reaction schemes 1 and 2. Thereafter, as the linker of the p-aminobenzoyl structure is continuously and spontaneously removed, the drug can be effectively delivered to the fibrotic tissues and exhibit an effective therapeutic effect.

[반응식 1][Reaction Formula 1]

[반응식 2][Reaction Formula 2]

본 발명의 프로드러그는, 타이로신 키나아제(tyrosine kinase)로 예컨대 VEGFR2, FGFR1, PDGFRα, FLT1 등과 반응할 때, 상기 프로드러그가 결합 포켓(binding pocket) 외부에 위치하게 된다. 이로 인해 P1 약물과 타이로신 키나아제 사이의 결합 친화도가 낮아져 유효한 활성을 낼 수 없다. 따라서, 본 발명의 프로드러그는 정상 조직에서는 약물이 제대로 작용하지 않아 부작용의 발생 가능성이 낮다. When the prodrug of the present invention reacts with tyrosine kinases such as VEGFR2, FGFR1, PDGFRα, and FLT1, the prodrug is positioned outside the binding pocket. This reduces the binding affinity between the P1 drug and the tyrosine kinase, preventing it from exhibiting effective activity. Therefore, the prodrug of the present invention is less likely to cause side effects because the drug does not work properly in normal tissues.

본 발명에서 상기 섬유화 조직으로는 간, 폐, 심장, 혈관계, 관절 또는 간질성 조직, 췌장, 피부, 입, 소화관, 뇌, 유방, 골수, 복막, 또는 신장 등에서 섬유성 병태가 발생한 조직일 수 있고, 바람직하게는 폐 섬유화 조직일 수 있으나, 이에 제한되는 것은 아니다. In the present invention, the fibrotic tissue may be a tissue in which a fibrotic condition has occurred in the liver, lungs, heart, blood vessels, joints or interstitial tissue, pancreas, skin, mouth, digestive tract, brain, breast, bone marrow, peritoneum, or kidney, and preferably, may be lung fibrotic tissue, but is not limited thereto.

본 발명은 또한 상기한 화합물들의 약제학적으로 허용 가능한 염을 제공한다. 상기 약제학적으로 허용되는 염은, 의학적 적용에 적합한 것으로 당업자에 의해 일반적으로 간주되는 염(예를 들어 이러한 염이 상기 염으로 치료될 수 있는 대상체에게 유해하지 않기 때문임), 또는 각각의 치료 내에서 허용 가능한 부작용을 야기하는 염이다. 일반적으로, 상기 약제학적으로 허용되는 염은 미국 식품 의약국(FDA), 유럽 의약청(EMA), 또는 일본 후생성의 의약품의료기기종합기구(PMDA)와 같은 규제 당국에 의해 허용되는 것으로 간주되는 염이다. 그러나, 본 발명은 원칙적으로, 예를 들어 본 발명에 따른 화합물 또는 그의 생리학적으로 작용성인 유도체의 제조에서의 중간체, 또는 본 발명에 따른 화합물의 약제학적으로 허용되는 염 또는 그의 생리학적으로 작용성인 유도체의 제조에서의 중간체로서, 그 자체로는 약제학적으로 허용되지 않는 본 발명에 따른 화합물의 염을 또한 포함한다. 상기 염은 수불용성 염을 포함하고, 특히, 수용성 염을 포함한다.The present invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds described above. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are salts generally considered by those skilled in the art to be suitable for medical applications (e.g., because they are not harmful to a subject to be treated with the salt), or salts that cause acceptable side effects within the respective treatment. Typically, pharmaceutically acceptable salts are salts deemed acceptable by regulatory authorities such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), or the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. However, the present invention also encompasses salts of the compounds of the present invention that are not pharmaceutically acceptable in themselves, for example, as intermediates in the preparation of the compounds of the present invention or physiologically functional derivatives thereof, or as intermediates in the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present invention or physiologically functional derivatives thereof. Such salts include water-insoluble salts, and in particular, water-soluble salts.

각각의 경우에, 당업자는 본 발명에 따른 특정 화합물 또는 그의 생리학적으로 작용성인 유도체가 염을 형성할 수 있는지 여부, 즉, 상기 본 발명에 따른 화합물 또는 그의 생리학적으로 작용성인 유도체가, 예를 들어 아미노 기, 카르복실산 기 등과 같은 전하를 띨 수 있는 기를 가지는지 여부를 쉽게 결정할 수 있다.In each case, a person skilled in the art can readily determine whether a particular compound according to the invention or a physiologically functional derivative thereof is capable of forming a salt, i.e. whether the compound according to the invention or a physiologically functional derivative thereof has a group capable of carrying a charge, such as, for example, an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, etc.

본 발명의 화합물의 예시적인 염은 산 부가 염 또는 염기와의 염, 특히 약제학적으로 허용되는 무기산 및 유기산 부가 염 및 약학에서 통상적으로 사용되는 염기와의 염이며, 이는 수불용성 또는 특히 수용성 산 부가 염이다. 본 발명의 화합물의 치환기에 따라 염기와의 염이 또한 적합할 수 있다. 산 부가 염은, 예를 들어, 본 발명의 화합물의 용액을 염산, 황산, 푸마르산, 말레산, 석신산, 아세트산, 벤조산, 시트르산, 타르타르산, 탄산 또는 인산과 같은 약제학적으로 허용되는 산의 용액과 혼합함으로써 형성될 수 있다. 마찬가지로, 약제학적으로 허용되는 염기 부가 염은 알칼리 금속염(예를 들어, 나트륨 또는 칼륨 염); 알칼리 토금속 염(예를 들어, 칼슘 또는 마그네슘 염); 및 적합한 유기 리간드로 형성된 염(예를 들어, 할라이드, 하이드록사이드, 카복실레이트, 설페이트, 포스페이트, 니트레이트, 알킬 설포네이트 및 아릴 설포네이트와 같은 반대 음이온을 사용하여 형성된 암모늄, 4차 암모늄 및 아민 양이온)을 포함할 수 있다. 약제학적으로 허용되는 염의 예시적인 예로는 아세테이트, 아디페이트, 알기네이트, 아르기네이트, 아스코르베이트, 아스파테이트, 벤젠설포네이트, 벤조에이트, 바이카르보네이트, 바이설페이트, 바이타르트레이트, 보레이트, 브로마이드, 부티레이트, 칼슘 에데테이트, 캄포레이트, 캄포설포네이트, 캄실레이트, 카르보네이트, 클로라이드, 시트레이트, 디글루코네이트, 디하이드로클로라이드, 도데실설페이트, 에데테이트, 에디실레이트, 에탄설포네이트, 포르메이트, 푸마레이트, 갈락테이트, 갈락투로네이트, 글루코네이트, 글루타메이트, 글리세로포스페이트, 헤미설페이트, 헵타노에이트, 헥사노에이트, 헥실레소르시네이트, 하이드로브로마이드, 하이드로클로라이드, 하이드로요오다이드, 2-하이드록시-에탄설포네이트, 하이드록시나프토에이트, 요오다이드, 이소부티레이트, 이소티오네이트, 락테이트, 라우레이트, 라우릴 설페이트, 말레이트, 말레에이트, 말로네이트, 만델레이트, 메탄설포네이트(메실레이트), 메틸설페이트, 2-나프탈렌설포네이트, 니코티네이트, 니트레이트, 올레에이트, 옥살레이트, 팔미테이트, 판토테네이트, 펙티네이트, 퍼설페이트, 3-페닐프로피오네이트, 포스페이트/디포스페이트, 프탈레이트, 피크레이트, 피발레이트, 폴리갈락투로네이트, 프로피오네이트, 살리실레이트, 스테아레이트, 설페이트, 수베레이트, 석시네이트, 탄네이트, 타르트레이트, 토실레이트, 운데카노에이트, 발레레이트 등이 포함되지만 이로 한정되지 않는다.Exemplary salts of the compounds of the present invention are acid addition salts or salts with bases, particularly pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic and organic acid addition salts and salts with bases commonly used in pharmacy, which are water-insoluble or particularly water-soluble acid addition salts. Depending on the substituents of the compounds of the present invention, salts with bases may also be suitable. Acid addition salts can be formed, for example, by mixing a solution of a compound of the present invention with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid or phosphoric acid. Similarly, pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts include alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium or potassium salts); alkaline earth metal salts (e.g., calcium or magnesium salts); and salts formed with suitable organic ligands (e.g., ammonium, quaternary ammonium and amine cations formed using counter anions such as halides, hydroxides, carboxylates, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, alkyl sulfonates and aryl sulfonates). Illustrative examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, arginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate, bromide, butyrate, calcium edetate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, citrate, digluconate, dihydrochloride, dodecylsulfate, edetate, edisylate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, galactate, galacturonate, gluconate, glutamate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hexylresorcinate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, Including but not limited to 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isobutyrate, isothionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, methanesulfonate (mesylate), methyl sulfate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pantothenate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate/diphosphate, phthalate, picrate, pivalate, polygalacturonate, propionate, salicylate, stearate, sulfate, suberate, succinate, tannate, tartrate, tosylate, undecanoate, valerate, etc.

약제학적으로 허용되지 않으며, 예를 들어, 산업적 규모로 본 발명에 따른 화합물을 제조하는 동안 공정 생성물로서 수득될 수 있는 염이 또한 본 발명에 포함되고, 요망되는 경우, 이는 당업자에게 알려진 방법에 의해 약제학적으로 허용되는 염으로 전환될 수 있다.Salts which are not pharmaceutically acceptable and which may be obtained, for example, as process products during the preparation of the compounds according to the invention on an industrial scale, are also encompassed by the present invention and, if desired, can be converted into pharmaceutically acceptable salts by methods known to those skilled in the art.

그 외에도, 본 발명의 화합물뿐만 아니라 그의 염은, 예를 들어 결정질 형태로 분리될 때, 다양한 양의 용매를 함유할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 발명의 화합물의 용매화물, 특히 수화물뿐만 아니라 본 발명의 화합물의 염의 용매화물, 특히 수화물이 본 발명의 범위에 포함될 수 있다. 더욱 특히, 본 발명은, 화학량론에 대하여 1개, 2개 또는 1/2개의 물 분자를 포함하는, 본 발명에 따른 화합물, 염 및/또는 생리학적으로 작용성인 유도체의 수화물을 포함할 수 있다.In addition, the compounds of the present invention, as well as their salts, may contain varying amounts of solvent, for example when isolated in crystalline form. Accordingly, solvates, particularly hydrates, of the compounds of the present invention, as well as solvates, particularly hydrates, of salts of the compounds of the present invention, may be included within the scope of the present invention. More particularly, the present invention may include hydrates of the compounds, salts, and/or physiologically functional derivatives according to the present invention, which contain one, two, or half water molecules with respect to the stoichiometry.

본 발명의 다른 구현 예에 따르면, 본 발명에서 제공하는 프로드러그 화합물을 유효 성분으로 포함하는 섬유화 질환의 예방, 개선 또는 치료용 약제학적 조성물에 관한 것이다. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing, improving or treating a fibrotic disease, comprising a prodrug compound provided by the present invention as an active ingredient.

본 발명에서 상기 섬유화 질환으로는 피부경화증, 죽상동맥경화증, 심장 섬유증, 기관 이식 섬유증, 근육 섬유증, 췌장 섬유증, 골수섬유증, 간 섬유증, 비장의 섬유증, 폐 섬유증, 특발성 폐 섬유증, 특발성 간질 섬유증, 미만성 간질성 섬유증, 간질성 폐 질환, 만성 간질성 폐 질환, 진폐증, 규폐증, 간질성 섬유증, 유육종증, 종격동 섬유증, 심장 섬유증, 심방성 섬유증, 심내막 섬유증, 신장 섬유증, 황반 변성, 켈로이드 병변, 비후성 반흔, 신장성 전신 섬유증, 주사 섬유증, 수술의 섬유성 합병증, 섬유성 만성 동종이식 혈관 병증, 허혈성 재관류 손상과 관련된 섬유증, 관절 섬유증, 듀피트렌 질환, 구강의 섬유성 증식 병변, 섬유화 장 협착증, 아교세포 반흔형성, 연수막 섬유증, 방사선 노출로 인한 섬유증, 유방 낭성 파열로 인한 섬유증, 골수섬유증, 후복막 섬유증 또는 진행성 거대 섬유증 등일 수 있고, 바람직하게는 특발성 폐 섬유증일 수 있으나, 이에 제한되는 것은 아니다. In the present invention, the fibrotic diseases include scleroderma, atherosclerosis, cardiac fibrosis, organ transplant fibrosis, muscle fibrosis, pancreatic fibrosis, myelofibrosis, liver fibrosis, splenic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic interstitial fibrosis, diffuse interstitial fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, chronic interstitial lung disease, pneumoconiosis, silicosis, interstitial fibrosis, sarcoidosis, mediastinal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, atrial fibrosis, endocardial fibrosis, renal fibrosis, macular degeneration, keloid lesions, hypertrophic scars, renal systemic fibrosis, injection fibrosis, fibrotic complications of surgery, fibrotic chronic allograft angiopathy, fibrosis associated with ischemic reperfusion injury, arthrofibrosis, Dupuytren's disease, fibrotic proliferative lesions of the oral cavity, fibrotic intestinal stenosis, glial scarring, leptomeningeal fibrosis, fibrosis due to radiation exposure, and fibrosis due to breast cystic rupture. It may be, but is not limited to, fibrosis, myelofibrosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis or progressive massive fibrosis, and preferably idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

본 명세서에서, 상기 "약제학적 조성물"은 캡슐, 정제, 과립, 주사제, 연고제, 분말 또는 음료 형태임을 특징으로 할 수 있으며, 상기 약제학적 조성물은 동물, 구체적으로는 인간을 대상으로 하는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.In the present specification, the "pharmaceutical composition" may be characterized as being in the form of a capsule, tablet, granule, injection, ointment, powder or beverage, and the pharmaceutical composition may be characterized as being intended for animals, specifically humans.

상기 약제학적 조성물은 이들로 한정되는 것은 아니지만, 각각 통상의 방법에 따라 산제, 과립제, 캡슐, 정제, 수성 현탁액 등의 경구형 제형, 외용제, 좌제 및 멸균 주사용액의 형태로 제형화하여 사용될 수 있다. 본 발명의 약제학적 조성물은 약제적으로 허용 가능한 담체를 포함할 수 있다. 약제학적으로 허용되는 담체는 경구 투여 시에는 결합제, 활탁제, 붕해제, 부형제, 가용화제, 분산제, 안정화제, 현탁화제, 색소, 향료 등을 사용할 수 있으며, 주사제의 경우에는 완충제, 보존제, 무통화제, 가용화제, 등장제, 안정화제 등을 혼합하여 사용할 수 있으며, 국소투여용의 경우에는 기제, 부형제, 윤활제, 보존제 등을 사용할 수 있다. 본 발명의 약제학적 조성물의 제형은 상술한 바와 같은 약제학적으로 허용되는 담체와 혼합하여 다양하게 제조될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 경구 투여시에는 정제, 트로키, 캡슐, 엘릭서(elixir), 서스펜션, 시럽, 웨이퍼 등의 형태로 제조할 수 있으며, 주사제의 경우에는 단위 투약 앰플 또는 다수회 투약 형태로 제조할 수 있다. 기타, 용액, 현탁액, 정제, 캡슐, 서방형 제제 등으로 제형할 수 있다.The pharmaceutical compositions described above are not limited thereto, but may be formulated and used in the form of oral dosage forms such as powders, granules, capsules, tablets, and aqueous suspensions, as well as external preparations, suppositories, and sterile injectable solutions, each according to a conventional method. The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers may include binders, lubricants, disintegrants, excipients, solubilizers, dispersants, stabilizers, suspending agents, coloring agents, fragrances, etc. for oral administration, and buffers, preservatives, analgesics, solubilizers, isotonic agents, stabilizers, etc. for injections. For topical administration, bases, excipients, lubricants, preservatives, etc. may be used. The formulations of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be prepared in various ways by mixing with the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers described above. For example, for oral administration, it can be manufactured in the form of tablets, troches, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, etc., and for injections, it can be manufactured in the form of unit dose ampoules or multiple doses. In addition, it can be formulated in the form of solutions, suspensions, tablets, capsules, sustained-release preparations, etc.

한편, 제제화에 적합한 담체, 부형제 및 희석제의 예로는, 락토즈, 덱스트로즈, 수크로즈, 솔비톨, 만니톨, 자일리톨, 에리스리톨, 말디톨, 전분, 아카시아 고무, 알지네이트, 젤라틴, 칼슘 포스페이트, 칼슘 실리케이트, 셀룰로즈, 메틸 셀룰로즈, 미정질 셀룰로즈, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 물, 메틸하이드록시벤조에이트, 프로필하이드록시벤조에이트, 탈크, 마그네슘 스테아레이트 또는 광물유 등이 사용될 수 있다. 또한, 충진제, 항응집제, 윤활제, 습윤제, 향료, 유화제, 방부제 등을 추가로 포함할 수 있다.Meanwhile, examples of carriers, excipients, and diluents suitable for formulation include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, malditol, starch, acacia gum, alginate, gelatin, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, cellulose, methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, water, methyl hydroxybenzoate, propyl hydroxybenzoate, talc, magnesium stearate, or mineral oil. In addition, fillers, anticoagulants, lubricants, wetting agents, fragrances, emulsifiers, preservatives, and the like may be additionally included.

본 발명에서 상기 약제학적 조성물은 본 발명의 화합물 또는 이의 약제학적으로 허용되는 염 외에 라디칼 제거제를 더 포함할 수 있다. 상기한 라디칼 제거제는 방사선 분해를 방지하는 데 사용될 수 있다. 방사선 분해는 방사성 핵종에 의해 유도된 산소 또는 물 분자의 이온화가 초과산화물, 과산화수소, 수소 라디칼, 오존 및 하이드록실 라디칼과 같은 다른 반응성 화학종을 형성하는 과정이다. 이러한 반응성 화학종은 또한 DNA 및 기타 세포 구조에 손상을 일으킬 수 있다. 일부 실시형태에서, 라디칼 제거제는 카르노신산, 녹차 추출물, 아피게닌, 디오스민, 로즈마린산, 리포산, 베타 카로틴, L-아스코르브산(비타민 C), N-아세틸 시스테인(NAC), δ토코페롤, 루틴, 아미포스틴, 레스베라트롤, 젠티스산 및 갈산에서 선택된 항산화제이다. 일부 실시형태에서, 라디칼 제거제는 갈산, L-아스코르브산 및 N-아세틸 시스테인(NAC)에서 선택된 항산화제일 수 있으나, 이에 제한되는 것은 아니다. In the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition may further comprise a radical scavenger in addition to the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The radical scavenger may be used to prevent radiolysis. Radiolysis is a process in which the ionization of oxygen or water molecules induced by radionuclides forms other reactive species such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen radicals, ozone, and hydroxyl radicals. These reactive species can also cause damage to DNA and other cellular structures. In some embodiments, the radical scavenger is an antioxidant selected from carnosic acid, green tea extract, apigenin, diosmin, rosmarinic acid, lipoic acid, beta-carotene, L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), δ-tocopherol, rutin, amifostine, resveratrol, gentisic acid, and gallic acid. In some embodiments, the radical scavenger may be an antioxidant selected from, but not limited to, gallic acid, L-ascorbic acid, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC).

본 발명에 따른 약제학적 조성물의 투여 경로는 이들로 한정되는 것은 아니지만 구강, 정맥 내, 근육 내, 동맥 내, 골수 내, 경막 내, 심장 내, 경피, 피하, 복강 내, 비강 내, 장관, 국소, 설하 또는 직장이 포함된다. 경구 또는 비경구 투하가 바람직하고, 상기 "비경구"는 피하, 피내, 정맥내, 근육내, 관절내, 활액낭내, 흉골내, 경막내, 병소내 및 두개골내 주사 또는 주입기술을 포함한다. 본 발명의 약제학적 조성물은 또한 직장 투여를 위한 좌제의 형태로 투여될 수 있다.Routes of administration of the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, oral, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarterial, intramedullary, intrathecal, intracardiac, transdermal, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intranasal, enteral, topical, sublingual, or rectal. Oral or parenteral administration is preferred, and the term "parenteral" includes subcutaneous, intradermal, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarticular, intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intralesional, and intracranial injection or infusion techniques. The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may also be administered in the form of a suppository for rectal administration.

또한 상기 약제학적 조성물은 사용된 특정 화합물의 활성, 연령, 체중, 일반적인 건강, 성별, 정식, 투여시간, 투여경로, 배출율, 약물 배합 및 예방 또는 치료될 특정 질환의 중증을 포함한 여러 요인에 따라 다양하게 변할 수 있고, 상기 약제학적 조성물의 투여량은 환자의 상태, 체중, 질병의 정도, 약물 형태, 투여 경로 및 기간에 따라 다르지만 당업자에 의해 적절하게 선택될 수 있고, 1일 0.0001 내지 50mg/kg 또는 0.001 내지 50mg/kg으로 투여할 수 있다. 투여는 하루에 한번 투여할 수도 있고, 수회 나누어 투여할 수도 있다. 상기 투여량은 어떠한 면으로든 본 발명의 범위를 한정하는 것은 아니다. 본 발명에 따른 의약 조성물은 환제, 당의정, 캡슐, 액제, 겔, 시럽, 슬러리, 현탁제로 제형될 수 있다.In addition, the pharmaceutical composition may vary depending on various factors including the activity of the specific compound used, age, body weight, general health, sex, dosage form, administration time, administration route, excretion rate, drug combination, and severity of the specific disease to be prevented or treated, and the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition may vary depending on the patient's condition, body weight, degree of disease, drug form, administration route, and period, but may be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art, and may be administered at 0.0001 to 50 mg/kg or 0.001 to 50 mg/kg per day. Administration may be administered once a day or divided into several times. The dosage does not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. The pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention may be formulated as a pill, a sugar-coated tablet, a capsule, a liquid, a gel, a syrup, a slurry, or a suspension.

본 발명의 약제학적 조성물은 단독으로, 또는 다른 항섬유화제를 병용하여 투여할 수 있다. 여기서 상기 다른 항섬유화제로는 피르페니돈 또는 수용체 티로신 키나아제 저해제 (RTKI) 예컨대 소라페닙 및 다른 RTKI, 또는 안지오텐신 II (AT1) 수용체 차단제, 또는 CTGF 저해제, 또는 TGFβ 및 BMP-활성화 경로를 방해하기 쉬운 임의의 항섬유화 화합물 (잠재적 TGFβ 복합체의 활성화제 예컨대 MMP2, MMP9, THBS1 또는 세포-표면 인테그린, TGFβ 수용체 유형 I (TGFBRI) 또는 유형 II (TGFBRII) 및 그의 리간드 예컨대 TGFβ, 액티빈, 인히빈, Nodal, 항-뮐러 호르몬, GDF 또는 BMP, 보조 공수용체 (유형 III 수용체로도 공지됨) 포함), 또는 SMAD-의존적 표준 경로의 성분 (호흡 또는 저해성 SMAD 단백질 포함), 또는 SMAD-비의존적 또는 비-표준 경로의 일원 (MAPK 신호전달, TAK1, Rho-유사 GTPase 신호전달 경로, 포스파티딜이노시톨-3 키나아제/AKT 경로, TGFβ-유도 EMT 과정의 다양한 분지 포함), 또는 표준 및 비-표준 헤지호그 신호전달 경로의 일원 (Hh 리간드 또는 표적 유전자 포함), 또는 WNT, 또는 노치 경로 (TGFβ에 영향받기 쉬움) 등을 포함할 수 있지만, 이에 제한되는 것은 아니다.The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administered alone or in combination with other antifibrotic agents. Herein, the other antifibrotic agent is pirfenidone or a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTKI) such as sorafenib and other RTKI, or an angiotensin II (AT1) receptor blocker, or a CTGF inhibitor, or any antifibrotic compound that is likely to interfere with the TGFβ and BMP-activated pathway (including activators of latent TGFβ complexes such as MMP2, MMP9, THBS1 or cell-surface integrins, TGFβ receptor type I (TGFBRI) or type II (TGFBRII) and their ligands such as TGFβ, activin, inhibin, Nodal, anti-Müllerian hormone, GDF or BMP, coreceptors (also known as type III receptors)), or a component of the SMAD-dependent canonical pathway (including respiratory or inhibitory SMAD proteins), or a member of the SMAD-independent or non-canonical pathway (MAPK signaling, TAK1, Rho-like GTPase signaling pathway, These may include, but are not limited to, the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/AKT pathway, including various branches of the TGFβ-induced EMT process), or members of the canonical and non-canonical Hedgehog signaling pathways (including Hh ligands or target genes), or the WNT, or Notch pathways (which are susceptible to TGFβ).

본 발명의 또 다른 구현 예에 따르면, 투여가 필요한 개체에게, 본 발명의 프로드러그 화합물을 약제학적 유효량으로 투여하는 단계를 포함하는 섬유화 질환의 예방, 개선 또는 치료 방법에 관한 것이다. According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for preventing, improving or treating a fibrotic disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a prodrug compound of the present invention in a pharmaceutically effective amount.

본 발명에서 상기 개체는 섬유화 질환이 발병하였거나 그 발병이 의심되는 개체로서, 상기 질환 발병의 의심 개체는 해당 질환이 발병하였거나 발병할 수 있는 인간을 포함한 원숭이, 소, 말, 양, 돼지, 닭, 칠면조, 메추라기, 고양이, 개, 마우스, 쥐, 토끼 또는 기니아 피그를 포함한 모든 동물을 의미하나, 본 발명에서 제공하는 유효 물질로 치료 가능한 개체는 제한 없이 포함된다.In the present invention, the subject is an subject that has developed or is suspected of developing a fibrotic disease, and the subject suspected of developing the disease means all animals including humans, monkeys, cows, horses, sheep, pigs, chickens, turkeys, quails, cats, dogs, mice, rats, rabbits or guinea pigs that have developed or can develop the disease, but subjects that can be treated with the effective substance provided in the present invention are included without limitation.

본 명세서에서, "약제학적 유효량"은 섬유화 관련 질환에 의해 유발되는 대상체 또는 환자의 생리학적 효과를 중지 또는 경감시키기에 충분한 양이다. 적합한 유효량은 올바른 의학적 판단범위 내에서 처치의에 의해 결정될 수 있으며, 1회 또는 수회로 나누어 투여할 수 있다. 그러나 본 발명의 목적상, 특정 환자에 대한 구체적인 치료적 유효량은 달성하고자 하는 반응의 종류와 정도, 경우에 따라 다른 제제가 사용되는 지의 여부를 비롯한 구체적 상기 유효성분을 포함하는 조성물, 환자의 연령, 체중, 일반 건강 상태, 성별 및 식이, 투여 시간, 투여 경로, 투여 횟수 및 상기 유효성분을 포함하는 조성물의 분비율, 치료기간, 구체적 조성물과 함께 사용되거나 동시 사용되는 약물을 비롯한 다양한 인자와 의약 분야에 잘 알려진 유사 인자에 따라 다르게 적용하는 것이 바람직하다.As used herein, a "pharmaceutically effective amount" is an amount sufficient to stop or alleviate the physiological effects of a subject or patient caused by a fibrosis-related disease. An appropriate effective amount may be determined by a treating physician within the scope of sound medical judgment, and may be administered once or in several divided doses. However, for the purpose of the present invention, it is preferable to apply a specific therapeutically effective amount for a specific patient differently depending on various factors such as the type and degree of response to be achieved, whether other agents are used in some cases, the composition containing the specific effective ingredient, the patient's age, weight, general health condition, sex, and diet, the time of administration, route of administration, number of administrations, and secretion rate of the composition containing the effective ingredient, the treatment period, drugs used together or concurrently with the specific composition, and similar factors well known in the medical field.

본 발명의 조성물의 총 유효량은 단일 투여량 (single dose)으로 환자에게 투여될 수 있으며, 다중 투여량 (multiple dose)으로 장기간 투여되는 분할 치료 방법 (fractionated treatment protocol)에 의해 투여될 수 있다. 본 발명의 조성물은 질환의 정도에 따라 유효성분의 함량을 달리할 수 있다. 구체적으로, 본 발명의 조성물의 바람직한 전체 용량은 하루에 환자 체중 1 kg당 약 0.0001 mg 내지 500 mg일 수 있다. 그러나 상기 조성물의 용량은 약제학적 조성물의 투여 경로 및 치료 횟수뿐만 아니라 환자의 연령, 체중, 건강 상태, 성별, 질환의 중증도, 식이 및 배설율 등 다양한 요인들을 고려하여 환자에 대한 유효 투여량이 결정되는 것이므로, 이러한 점을 고려할 때 당분야의 통상적인 지식을 가진 자라면 상기 본 발명의 조성물의 특정한 용도에 따른 적절한 유효 투여량을 결정할 수 있을 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 약제학적 조성물은 본 발명의 효과를 보이는 한 그 제형, 투여 경로 및 투여 방법에 특별히 제한되지 아니한다.The total effective amount of the composition of the present invention can be administered to a patient as a single dose, or can be administered by a fractionated treatment protocol in which multiple doses are administered over a long period of time. The composition of the present invention may vary in the content of the active ingredient depending on the severity of the disease. Specifically, a preferred total dosage of the composition of the present invention may be about 0.0001 mg to 500 mg per kg of patient body weight per day. However, since the dosage of the composition is determined by taking into consideration various factors such as the route of administration of the pharmaceutical composition and the number of treatments, as well as the patient's age, weight, health status, sex, severity of the disease, diet, and excretion rate, a person having ordinary skill in the art will be able to determine an appropriate effective dosage for a specific use of the composition of the present invention. The pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention is not particularly limited in its formulation, route of administration, or method of administration, as long as it exhibits the effects of the present invention.

또한, 본 발명에서 상기 섬유화 질환의 예방, 개선 또는 치료 방법은 하나 이상의 질환에 대한 치료적 활성을 가지는 화합물 또는 물질을 투여하는 것을 더 포함하는 병용 요법일 수 있다.In addition, the method for preventing, improving or treating the fibrotic disease in the present invention may be a combination therapy further comprising administering a compound or substance having therapeutic activity against one or more diseases.

본 명세서에서, "병용"은 동시, 개별 또는 순차 투여를 나타내는 것으로 이해되어야 한다. 상기 투여가 순차 또는 개별적인 경우, 2차 성분 투여의 간격은 상기 병용의 이로운 효과를 잃지 않도록 하는 것이어야 한다. As used herein, "combined use" should be understood to refer to simultaneous, separate, or sequential administration. If the administration is sequential or separate, the interval between the administration of the secondary components should be such that the beneficial effects of the combination are not lost.

상기 섬유화 질환의 예방, 개선 또는 치료 방법에서 섬유화 질환의 종류나 병용 투여될 수 있는 2차 성분에 관하여는 앞서 기재된 바와 중복되어 이하 자세한 기재를 생략한다. In the method for preventing, improving or treating the above fibrotic disease, the type of fibrotic disease and the secondary components that can be administered in combination are described above and thus are omitted for detailed description.

본 발명에서 제공하는 프로드러그 화합물은 섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(FAP) 이 과발현되는 섬유화 환경, 특히는 폐 섬유화 조직에서, FAP에 의해 기질이 절단되고, 링커의 연쇄 분해 반응을 통해 옥시돌 기반 약물이 방출되어 병변 조직에서 유효한 활성을 낼 수 있다. 본 발명의 프로드러그 화합물은 섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(FAP)이 미발현되거나 저발현되는 정상 조직에서는 구조가 안정적으로 유지됨에 따라 약물이 활성화되지 않으며, 타이로시 키나아제와의 결합도 방지되어 부작용의 발생 가능성이 낮은 장점이 있다. The prodrug compound provided by the present invention can exhibit effective activity in lesion tissues by cleaving the substrate by fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in a fibrotic environment, particularly in lung fibrotic tissue, where FAP is overexpressed, and releasing an oxidol-based drug through a linker chain degradation reaction. The prodrug compound of the present invention has the advantage of not being activated in normal tissues where FAP is not or underexpressed because its structure is stably maintained, and binding to tyrosine kinase is also prevented, thereby reducing the possibility of side effects.

도 1은 본 발명의 실시예에서 합성된 FAAP에 대하여 LC-MS 분석을 수행한 결과를 나타낸 것이다. Figure 1 shows the results of LC-MS analysis performed on FAAP synthesized in an embodiment of the present invention.

도 2는 본 발명의 실시예에서 합성된 FAAP에 대하여 NMR 분석을 수행한 결과(1H NMR, 400 MHz, CD3OD)를 나타낸 것이다. Figure 2 shows the results of NMR analysis ( 1 H NMR, 400 MHz, CD 3 OD) performed on FAAP synthesized in an embodiment of the present invention.

도 3은 실험예 1에서 본 발명에 따른 AMC-컨쥬게이트된 FAP 기질에 FAP, PREP, DPP4를 처리한 뒤 형광 세기 변화를 관찰한 결과를 나타낸 것이다. Figure 3 shows the results of observing the change in fluorescence intensity after treating FAP, PREP, and DPP4 on the AMC-conjugated FAP substrate according to the present invention in Experimental Example 1.

도 4a는 실험예 2에서 본 발명에 따른 FAAP에 FAP를 처리한 뒤 시간에 따른 FAAP 분해 모식도를 나타낸 것이다. Figure 4a shows a schematic diagram of FAAP decomposition over time after treating FAAP according to the present invention in Experimental Example 2.

도 4b는 실험예 2에서 본 발명에 따른 FAAP에 FAP를 처리한 뒤 시간에 따른 FAAP 분해 정도를 HPLC로 분석한 결과를 나타낸 것이다. Figure 4b shows the results of analyzing the degree of FAAP decomposition over time using HPLC after treating FAAP according to the present invention in Experimental Example 2.

도 5a 내지 5c는 실험예 2에서 본 발명에 따른 FAAP에 FAP를 처리한 뒤 시간이 경과하면서 FAAP이 분해되어 전구체의 생성 유무와 닌테다닙의 방출 유무를 LC-MS로 분석한 결과를 나타낸 것으로, 도 5a는 FAAP(①), 도 5b는 전구체(②), 도 5c는 닌테다닙(③)의 존재 유무를 분석한 결과이다. Figures 5a to 5c show the results of LC-MS analysis of whether a precursor is generated and whether nintedanib is released as FAAP is decomposed over time after treating FAP to FAAP according to the present invention in Experimental Example 2. Figure 5a shows the results of analyzing the presence or absence of FAAP (①), Figure 5b shows the results of analyzing the presence or absence of a precursor (②), and Figure 5c shows the results of analyzing the presence or absence of nintedanib (③).

도 6a는 실험예 5에서 U87MG 세포에 닌테다닙과 FAAP, 또는 FAP 억제제(OncoFAP)을 처리한 뒤 공초점 현미경으로 관찰한 사진과, 도 6b 및 6c는 각 처리에 따른 형광 세기를 비교하여 나타낸 것이다. Figure 6a shows a photograph observed using a confocal microscope after treating U87MG cells with nintedanib and FAAP, or a FAP inhibitor (OncoFAP) in Experimental Example 5, and Figures 6b and 6c show a comparison of the fluorescence intensity according to each treatment.

본 발명의 일 구현 예에 따르면, 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물, 이의 약제학적으로 허용 가능한 염, 이의 용매화물 및 이의 수화물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 프로드러그(prodrug) 화합물에 관한 것이다:According to one embodiment of the present invention, the present invention relates to a prodrug compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following chemical formula 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate thereof, and a hydrate thereof:

[화학식 1][Chemical Formula 1]

상기 화학식 1에서, P1은 옥신돌 고리를 포함하는 키나아제 억제제 약물의 라디칼로서, 상기 옥신돌 고리의 NH기에서 수소 원자의 제거로 유도된 라디칼이다. 상기 P1인 옥신돌 기반 키나아제 억제제의 라디칼 구조는 아래 화학식에서 선택될 수 있으나, 이에 제한되는 것은 아니다. 아래 화학식에서 *는 결합이 이루어지는 부분을 의미한다. In the above chemical formula 1, P 1 is a radical of a kinase inhibitor drug containing an oxindole ring, which is a radical derived from the removal of a hydrogen atom from the NH group of the oxindole ring. The radical structure of the oxindole-based kinase inhibitor, which is P 1 , may be selected from the chemical formulas below, but is not limited thereto. In the chemical formulas below, * indicates a portion where a bond is formed.

상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물은 아래의 화합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택될 수 있다:The compound represented by the above chemical formula 1 may be selected from the group consisting of the following compounds:

바람직하기로, 상기 프로드러그 화합물은 하기 화학식 8로 표시되는 화합물일 수 있으나, 이에 제한되는 것은 아니다:Preferably, the prodrug compound may be a compound represented by the following chemical formula 8, but is not limited thereto:

[화학식 8] [Chemical Formula 8]

본 발명에 따른 프로드러그는 섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(FAP)이 과발현된 환경으로, 즉 섬유화 조직에서는 FAP에 의해 N-(1-(2-카바모일피롤리딘-1-일)-1-옥소프로판-2-일)이소니코틴아마이드 모이어티가 절단되고, p-아미노벤조일(p-aminobenzoyl) 구조의 링커가 연속적, 그리고 자발적으로 제거됨에 따라 약물이 섬유화 조직에 효과적으로 전달되어 유효한 약효를 발휘할 수 있다. The prodrug according to the present invention can be effectively delivered to fibrotic tissue and exhibit effective efficacy by cleaving the N-(1-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)isonicotinamide moiety by FAP in an environment where fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed, i.e., in fibrotic tissue, and continuously and spontaneously removing the linker of the p-aminobenzoyl structure.

상기 섬유화 조직으로는 간, 폐, 심장, 혈관계, 관절 또는 간질성 조직, 췌장, 피부, 입, 소화관, 뇌, 유방, 골수, 복막, 또는 신장 등에서 섬유성 병태가 발생한 조직일 수 있고, 바람직하게는 폐 섬유화 조직일 수 있으나, 이에 제한되는 것은 아니다. The fibrotic tissue may be a tissue in which a fibrotic condition has occurred in the liver, lungs, heart, vascular system, joints or interstitial tissue, pancreas, skin, mouth, digestive tract, brain, breast, bone marrow, peritoneum, or kidney, and preferably, may be lung fibrotic tissue, but is not limited thereto.

본 발명의 다른 구현 예에 따르면, 본 발명에서 제공하는 프로드러그 화합물을 유효 성분으로 포함하는 섬유화 질환의 예방, 개선 또는 치료용 약제학적 조성물에 관한 것이다. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing, improving or treating a fibrotic disease, comprising a prodrug compound provided by the present invention as an active ingredient.

본 발명의 또 다른 구현 예에 따르면, 투여가 필요한 개체에게, 본 발명의 프로드러그 화합물을 약제학적 유효량으로 투여하는 단계를 포함하는 섬유화 질환의 예방, 개선 또는 치료 방법에 관한 것이다. According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for preventing, improving or treating a fibrotic disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a prodrug compound of the present invention in a pharmaceutically effective amount.

본 발명에서 상기 섬유화 질환으로는 피부경화증, 죽상동맥경화증, 심장 섬유증, 기관 이식 섬유증, 근육 섬유증, 췌장 섬유증, 골수섬유증, 간 섬유증, 비장의 섬유증, 폐 섬유증, 특발성 폐 섬유증, 특발성 간질 섬유증, 미만성 간질성 섬유증, 간질성 폐 질환, 만성 간질성 폐 질환, 진폐증, 규폐증, 간질성 섬유증, 유육종증, 종격동 섬유증, 심장 섬유증, 심방성 섬유증, 심내막 섬유증, 신장 섬유증, 황반 변성, 켈로이드 병변, 비후성 반흔, 신장성 전신 섬유증, 주사 섬유증, 수술의 섬유성 합병증, 섬유성 만성 동종이식 혈관 병증, 허혈성 재관류 손상과 관련된 섬유증, 관절 섬유증, 듀피트렌 질환, 구강의 섬유성 증식 병변, 섬유화 장 협착증, 아교세포 반흔형성, 연수막 섬유증, 방사선 노출로 인한 섬유증, 유방 낭성 파열로 인한 섬유증, 골수섬유증, 후복막 섬유증 또는 진행성 거대 섬유증 등일 수 있고, 바람직하게는 특발성 폐 섬유증일 수 있으나, 이에 제한되는 것은 아니다. In the present invention, the fibrotic diseases include scleroderma, atherosclerosis, cardiac fibrosis, organ transplant fibrosis, muscle fibrosis, pancreatic fibrosis, myelofibrosis, liver fibrosis, splenic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic interstitial fibrosis, diffuse interstitial fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, chronic interstitial lung disease, pneumoconiosis, silicosis, interstitial fibrosis, sarcoidosis, mediastinal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, atrial fibrosis, endocardial fibrosis, renal fibrosis, macular degeneration, keloid lesions, hypertrophic scars, renal systemic fibrosis, injection fibrosis, fibrotic complications of surgery, fibrotic chronic allograft angiopathy, fibrosis associated with ischemic reperfusion injury, arthrofibrosis, Dupuytren's disease, fibrotic proliferative lesions of the oral cavity, fibrotic intestinal stenosis, glial scarring, leptomeningeal fibrosis, fibrosis due to radiation exposure, and fibrosis due to breast cystic rupture. It may be, but is not limited to, fibrosis, myelofibrosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis or progressive massive fibrosis, and preferably idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

이하, 실시예를 통하여 본 발명을 더욱 상세히 설명하고자 한다. 이들 실시예는 오로지 본 발명을 보다 구체적으로 설명하기 위한 것으로서, 본 발명의 요지에 따라 본 발명의 범위가 이들 실시예에 의해 제한되지 않는다는 것은 당업계에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 있어서 자명할 것이다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through examples. These examples are intended solely to illustrate the present invention more specifically, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples, in accordance with the gist of the present invention.

실시예Example

[실시예 1] FAAP의 합성[Example 1] Synthesis of FAAP

하기 반응식 3에 따라, 아래 화학식 8로 표시되는 화합물(FAAP)을 합성하였다. According to the following reaction scheme 3, a compound (FAAP) represented by the following chemical formula 8 was synthesized.

[반응식 3][Reaction Formula 3]

1. (S)-벤질 1-((R)-2-((tert-부톡시카보닐)아미노)프로파노일)피롤리돈-2-카복실레이트(화학식 2)의 제조1. Preparation of (S)-benzyl 1-((R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoyl)pyrrolidone-2-carboxylate (formula 2)

200 mL DCM 내 벤질 L-프롤리네이트 하이드로클로라이드(benzyl L-prolinate hydrochloride) (5 g, 20.7 mmol)의 용액에 (tert-부톡시카보닐)-D-알라닌(3.62 g, 20.7 mmol), EDCHCl(4.76 g, 24.84 mmol), HOBt(3.36 g, 24.84 mmol), DIPEA(14.4 ml, 82.8 mmol)을 부가하였다 혼합물을 25 ℃에서 18 시간 동안 교반하였다. 혼합물을 0.1M HCl(100 Ml x 3)로 추출 후 유기층을 염수(50 mL x3)으로 다시 추출하였다. Na2SO4 상에서 건조하고, 농축하고, 잔사를 플래시 크로마토 그래피 (FC) (에틸 아세테이트 (EtOAc) /헥산 = 4/6)로 정제하여 4.78 g 투명한 오일 2 (수율: 63.7%)를 얻었다. To a solution of benzyl L-prolinate hydrochloride (5 g, 20.7 mmol) in 200 mL DCM were added (tert-butoxycarbonyl)-D-alanine (3.62 g, 20.7 mmol), EDCHCl (4.76 g, 24.84 mmol), HOBt (3.36 g, 24.84 mmol), and DIPEA (14.4 ml, 82.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 18 h. The mixture was extracted with 0.1 M HCl (100 mL x 3), and the organic layer was extracted again with brine (50 mL x 3). The residue was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , concentrated, and purified by flash chromatography (FC) (ethyl acetate (EtOAc)/hexane = 4/6) to give 4.78 g of clear oil 2 (yield: 63.7%).

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.41-7.29 (m, 5H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 5.14 (s, 1H), 4.49-4.42(m, 1H), 4.09-4.05(m, 1H), 3.84-3.80(m, 1H), 3.63-3.49(m, 1H), 2.26-1.92(m, 4H), 1.46-1.40(m, 9H), 1.28-1.26(d, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 1.06-1.04(d, J = 8 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI) m/z 377.2 (M+H)+ 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ 7.41-7.29 (m, 5H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 5.14 (s, 1H), 4.49-4.42 (m, 1H), 4.09-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.49(m, 1H), 2.26-1.92(m, 4H), 1.46-1.40(m, 9H), 1.28-1.26(d, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 1.06-1.04(d, J = 8 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI) m/z 377.2 (M+H) +

2. (S)-벤질 1-((R)-2-아미노프로파노일)피롤리돈-2-카복실레이트 2,2,2-트리플루오로아세테이트(화학식 3)의 제조2. Preparation of (S)-benzyl 1-((R)-2-aminopropanoyl)pyrrolidone-2-carboxylate 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (chemical formula 3)

100 mL 20% TFA/DCM 내 1(4.78 g, 13.18 mmol)의 용액을 상온에서 2시간 동안 교반하였다. 혼합물을 농축하고 H2O (50 mL)을 추가하여 동결건조하여 5 g 연노랑색 오일 3(수율 99%)를 얻었다. A solution of 1 (4.78 g, 13.18 mmol) in 100 mL of 20% TFA/DCM was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated, H 2 O (50 mL) was added, and lyophilized to obtain 5 g of pale yellow oil 3 (yield 99%).

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.40-7.32(m, 5H), 5.23-5.12(m, 2H), 4.53-4.50(m, 1H), 4.32-4.26(m, 1H), 3.78-3.74(m, 1H), 3.63-3.56(m, 1H), 2.31-1.98(m, 4H), 1.50-1.22(m, 3H). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.40-7.32(m, 5H), 5.23-5.12(m, 2H), 4.53-4.50(m, 1H), 4.32-4.26(m, 1H), 3.78-3.74(m, 1H), 3.63-3.56(m, 1H), 2.31-1.98(m, 4H), 1.50-1.22(m, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 277.1 (M+H)+ 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ 7.40-7.32 (m, 5H), 5.23-5.12 (m, 2H), 4.53-4.50 (m, 1H), 4.32-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.56(m, 1H), 2.31-1.98(m, 4H), 1.50-1.22(m, 3H). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ 7.40-7.32 (m, 5H), 5.23-5.12 (m, 2H), 4.53-4.50 (m, 1H), 4.32-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.56(m, 1H), 2.31-1.98(m, 4H), 1.50-1.22(m, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 277.1 (M+H) +

3. (S)-벤질 1-((R)-2-(이소니코틴아미도)프로파노일)피롤리돈-2-카복실레이트(화학식 4)의 제조3. Preparation of (S)-benzyl 1-((R)-2-(isonicotinamido)propanoyl)pyrrolidone-2-carboxylate (chemical formula 4)

50 mL DMF 내 2(1.995 g, 5.11 mmol)의 용액에 이소니코틴산(0.629 g, 5.11 mmol), HATU(2.9 g, 7.665 mmol), DIPEA(2.67 mL, 15.33mmol)을 부가하였다. 혼합물을 상온에서 16시간 동안 교반하였다. 반응 혼합물을 농축시킨 후, 50 mL의 DCM으로 희석한 이후 0.1M HCl(50 mL x 3)로 추출 후 유기층을 염수(50 mL x3)으로 다시 추출하였다. 유기층을 무수 황산나트륨 (Na2SO4)으로 건조하고 여과하였다. 여과액을 농축하고, 잔사를 플래시 크로마토그래피 (FC) (메탄올/디클로로메탄 = 1/9)에 의해 정제하여 1.7 g 백색 폼 형태의 고체 4 (수율: 87%)를 얻었다. To a solution of 2 (1.995 g, 5.11 mmol) in 50 mL of DMF were added isonicotinic acid (0.629 g, 5.11 mmol), HATU (2.9 g, 7.665 mmol), and DIPEA (2.67 mL, 15.33 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, diluted with 50 mL of DCM, extracted with 0.1 M HCl (50 mL x 3), and the organic layer was extracted again with brine (50 mL x 3). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (FC) (methanol/dichloromethane = 1/9) to give 1.7 g of white foam solid 4 (yield: 87%).

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.72-8.69(m, 2H), 7.91-7.89(d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 7.71-7.67(m, 2H), 7.3-7.21(m, 5H), 5.22-5.11(m, 2H), 5.04-4.93(m, 1H), 4.67-4.54(m, 1H), 4.12-3.56(m, 2H), 2.30-2.04(m, 4H), 1.49-1.24(m, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 382.1 (M+H)+ 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.72-8.69 (m, 2H), 7.91-7.89 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 7.71-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.3-7.21 (m, 5H), 5.22-5.11 (m, 2H), 5.04-4.93(m, 1H), 4.67-4.54(m, 1H), 4.12-3.56(m, 2H), 2.30-2.04(m, 4H), 1.49-1.24(m, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 382.1 (M+H) +

4. (S)-1-((R)-2-(이소니코틴아미도)프로파노일)피롤리딘-2-카복실산(화학식 5)의 제조4. Preparation of (S)-1-((R)-2-(isonicotinamido)propanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (chemical formula 5)

100 mL 20% MeOH/DCM 내 3(1.7 g, 4.46 mmol)의 용액에 10 중량% Pd/C(470.4 mg, 0.46 mmol)을 부가 후 수소 가스를 버블링 하며 상온에서 4시간 동안 교반하였다. 혼합물을 셀라이트 필터로 여과 후 여과액을 농축하여 1.13 g 백색 폼 형태의 고체 5 (수율 87%)를 얻었다. To a solution of 3 (1.7 g, 4.46 mmol) in 100 mL of 20% MeOH/DCM, 10 wt% Pd/C (470.4 mg, 0.46 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h while bubbling hydrogen gas. The mixture was filtered through a Celite filter, and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain 1.13 g of white foam solid 5 (yield 87%).

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.69-8.67(m, 2H), 7.84-7.80(m, 2H), 4.39-4.33(m, 1H), 3.77-3.32(m, 2H), 3.07-2.98(m, 1H), 2.60-1.81(m, 4H), 1.46-1.29(m, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 292.2 (M+H)+ 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ 8.69-8.67 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.80 (m, 2H), 4.39-4.33 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.07-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.60-1.81(m, 4H), 1.46-1.29(m, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 292.2 (M+H) +

5. N-((R)-1-((S)-2-((4-(하이드록시메틸)페닐)카바모일)피롤리딘-1-일)-1-옥소프로판-2-일)이소니코틴아마이드(화학식 6)의 제조5. Preparation of N-((R)-1-((S)-2-((4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)isonicotinamide (chemical formula 6)

50 mL 20% MeOH/THF 내 4(500 mg, 1.72 mmol)의 용액에 EEDQ(445.7 mg, 1.80 mmol), PABOH(221.9 mg, 1.80 mmol)을 부가하였다. 혼합물을 25 ℃에서 16 시간 동안 교반하였다. 반응 혼합물을 농축시킨 이후, 잔사를 플래시 크로마토그래피 (FC) (메탄올/디클로로메탄 = 1/9)에 의해 정제하여 260 mg 베이지색 폼 형태의 고체 6 (수율: 38%)를 얻었다. To a solution of 4 (500 mg, 1.72 mmol) in 50 mL of 20% MeOH/THF were added EEDQ (445.7 mg, 1.80 mmol) and PABOH (221.9 mg, 1.80 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. After concentrating the reaction mixture, the residue was purified by flash chromatography (FC) (methanol/dichloromethane = 1/9) to give 260 mg of beige foam solid 6 (yield: 38%).

1H NMR (400 MHz, cd3od) δ 8.69-8.67(m, 2H), 7.84-7.80(m, 2H), 7.64-7.57(m, 2H), 7.34-7.27(m, 2H), 4.59-4.55(m, 3H), 4.03-3.64(m, 2H), 3.32-3.30(m, 1H), 2.34-2.06(m, 4H), 1.48-1.33(m, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 397.2 (M+H)+ 1 H NMR (400 MHz, cd 3 od) δ 8.69-8.67(m, 2H), 7.84-7.80(m, 2H), 7.64-7.57(m, 2H), 7.34-7.27(m, 2H), 4.59-4.55(m, 3H), 4.03-3.64(m, 2H), 3.32-3.30(m, 1H), 2.34-2.06(m, 4H), 1.48-1.33(m, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 397.2 (M+H) +

6. N-((R)-1-((S)-2-((4-(클로로메틸)페닐)카바모일)피롤리딘-1-일)-1-옥소프로판-2-일)이소니코틴아마이드 하이드로클로라이드(화학식 7)의 제조6. Preparation of N-((R)-1-((S)-2-((4-(chloromethyl)phenyl)carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)isonicotinamide hydrochloride (chemical formula 7)

10 mL DCM 내 5(181 mg, 0.457 mmol)의 용액에 티오닐 클로라이드(331.6 μL, 4.57 mmol)을 부가하였다. 혼합물을 0 ℃에서 30분 동안 교반 후 상온에서 1시간 동안 교반하였다. 반응 혼합물을 농축시킨 이후 DCM 10 mL을 추가하여 다시 농축시키기를 두 번 반복한 이후 바로 다음 반응을 진행하였다. To a solution of 5 (181 mg, 0.457 mmol) in 10 mL of DCM was added thionyl chloride (331.6 μL, 4.57 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min and then at room temperature for 1 h. After concentrating the reaction mixture, 10 mL of DCM was added, and concentration was repeated twice before proceeding with the next reaction.

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 9.70-9.68(m, 2H), 8.73-8.69(m, 2H), 7.64-7.57(m, 2H), 7.34-7.27(m, 2H), 4.47-4.43(m, 3H), 3.31-2.92(m, 2H), 2.61-2.59(m, 1H), 1.96-1.68(m, 4H), 1.41-1.26(m, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 415.4 (M+H)+ 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ 9.70-9.68 (m, 2H), 8.73-8.69 (m, 2H), 7.64-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 2H), 4.47-4.43 (m, 3H), 3.31-2.92(m, 2H), 2.61-2.59(m, 1H), 1.96-1.68(m, 4H), 1.41-1.26(m, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 415.4 (M+H) +

7. (Z)-메틸 1-(4-((S)-1-((R)-2-(이소니코틴아미도)프로파노일)피롤리딘-2-카복사미도)벤질)-3-(((4-(N-메틸-2-(4-메틸피페라진-1-일)아세타미도)페닐)아미노)페닐)메틸렌)-2-옥소인돌린-6-카복실레이트(화학식 8)의 제조7. Preparation of (Z)-methyl 1-(4-((S)-1-((R)-2-(isonicotinamido)propanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)benzyl)-3-(((4-(N-methyl-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetamido)phenyl)amino)phenyl)methylene)-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate (Formula 8)

7번 화합물을 10 mL DCM에 녹이고 닌테다닙(197 mg, 0.3656 mmol), TEA(239 μL, 1.371 mmol)을 부가하였다. 혼합물을 상온에서 48 시간 동안 교반하였다. 반응 혼합물을 농축시킨 이후, 잔사를 Biotage® Sfδr KP-Amino D Duo 50 μm 5 g 컬럼을 이용하여 (메탄올/디클로로메탄 = 1/19)에 의해 정제 후 HPLC 를 통해 추가 정제 후 동결건조하여 68.1 mg의 노란색 고체 8(수율: 16%)를 얻었다(도 1 및 2). Compound 7 was dissolved in 10 mL of DCM, and nintedanib (197 mg, 0.3656 mmol) and TEA (239 μL, 1.371 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. After concentrating the reaction mixture, the residue was purified by using a Biotage® Sfδr KP-Amino D Duo 50 μm 5 g column (methanol/dichloromethane = 1/19), followed by further purification via HPLC and lyophilization to give 68.1 mg of yellow solid 8 (yield: 16%) (Figs. 1 and 2).

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.67(s, 2H), 7.86-7.81(m, 4H), 7.63-7.46(m, 8H), 7.28-7.26(dd,J = 8.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12-7.10(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.91-6.89(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.95-5.93(m, 1H), 4.60-4.51(m, 3H), 4.06-3.99(m, 1H), 3.84(s, 3H), 3.79-3.73(m, 1H), 3.65-3.55(m, 1H), 3.40(m, 2H), 3.20-2.96(m, 10H), 2.88-2.74(m, 4H), 2.37-1.98(m, 4H), 1.49-1.36(m, 3H). HRMS (FAB) m/z 918.4313 (M+H)+ 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ 8.67(s, 2H), 7.86-7.81(m, 4H), 7.63-7.46(m, 8H), 7.28-7.26(dd,J = 8.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12-7.10(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.91-6.89(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.95-5.93(m, 1H), 4.60-4.51(m, 3H), 4.06-3.99(m, 1H), 3.84(s, 3H), 3.79-3.73(m, 1H), 3.65-3.55(m, 1H), 3.40(m, 2H), 3.20-2.96(m, 10H), 2.88-2.74(m, 4H), 2.37-1.98(m, 4H), 1.49-1.36(m, 3H). HRMS (FAB) m/z 918.4313 (M+H) +

8. 순도 분석8. Purity Analysis

HPLC, LC/MS 분석을 통해 상기 FAAP 화합물의 m/z 값을 확인하여 순도를 확인한 결과, 생성물 내에 FAAP가 약 60% 이상의 순도로 포함되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. As a result of confirming the purity by checking the m/z value of the FAAP compound through HPLC and LC/MS analysis, it was confirmed that FAAP was contained in the product at a purity of approximately 60% or more.

[실시예 2 내지 52] 프로드러그의 합성[Examples 2 to 52] Synthesis of prodrugs

상기 실시예 1의 7. 단계에서 닌테다닙 대신에 하기 표 1에 나타낸 약물을 첨가하여 하기 표 1의 프로드러그 화합물을 제조하였다. In step 7 of Example 1, the prodrug compound of Table 1 was prepared by adding the drug shown in Table 1 below instead of nintedanib.

[실험예 1] FAP에 의한 기질의 분해 여부 평가[Experimental Example 1] Evaluation of substrate decomposition by FAP

본 발명에 따른 FAP 기질이 FAP에 의해서만 특이적으로 인식되어 절단되는 지 확인하기 위하여 이하의 실험을 수행하였다. 버퍼(0.01 M Tris-HCl, pH, 7.4, 0.01 M MgCl2, 0.05% Tween-20, 증류수)에 기질로서, 아래 화학식 9로 나타낸 AMC-컨쥬게이트된 이소니코티노일-D-Ala-Pro 모이어티 2.5 μM과, FAP 2.5 μg/mL, DMSO <1%(v/v)를 첨가하여 37 ℃에서 배양하였다. 이때 대조군으로는 FAP과 유사한 펩티다아제인 PREP과 DPP4를 첨가하였다. 마이크로플레이트 기기(SYNERGY H1, BioTek)를 통해 배양 시간에 따른 형광 세기를 측정하여 그 결과를 도 3에 나타내었다. To confirm whether the FAP substrate according to the present invention is specifically recognized and cleaved only by FAP, the following experiment was performed. 2.5 μM of the AMC-conjugated isonicotinoyl-D-Ala-Pro moiety represented by the following chemical formula 9 as a substrate, 2.5 μg/mL of FAP, and DMSO <1% (v/v) were added to a buffer (0.01 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 0.01 M MgCl 2 , 0.05% Tween-20, distilled water), and the mixture was incubated at 37°C. PREP and DPP4, which are peptidases similar to FAP, were added as controls. The fluorescence intensity according to the incubation time was measured using a microplate device (SYNERGY H1, BioTek), and the results are shown in Fig. 3.

[화학식 9][Chemical Formula 9]

도 3에서 보는 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 기질은 FAP 효소에만 특이적으로 절단되어 형광이 검출되었고, FAP과 유사한 구조인 PREP나 DPP4에 의해서는 절단되지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. As shown in Fig. 3, it was confirmed that the substrate according to the present invention was specifically cleaved only by the FAP enzyme and fluorescence was detected, and that it was not cleaved by PREP or DPP4, which have a similar structure to FAP.

[실험예 2] FAP에 의한 기질의 분해 여부 평가[Experimental Example 2] Evaluation of substrate decomposition by FAP

상기 실시예 1에서 합성된 FAAP의 FAP에 따른 활성화 정도를 평가하기 위하여, FAAP 100 μM과, FAP 4.45 μg/mL를 버퍼(0.01 M Tris-HCl, pH, 7.4, 0.01 M MgCl2, 0.05% Tween-20, 증류수), DMSO <2.5%(v/v)에서 37 ℃로 인큐베이션하였다. 이후 시간 별로 시료를 채취하여 HPLC와 LC/MS를 이용해 FAAP이 분해되어 닌테나닙이 생성되었는지 여부를 기기의 mass 검출기와 UV 검출기(390 nm)로 확인하였으며, 그 결과는 도 4a 및 4b와 도 5a 내지 5c에 나타내었다. 단, HPLC, LC-MS system (Agilent) 분석 조건은 다음과 같다:In order to evaluate the degree of activation of FAAP synthesized in Example 1 according to FAP, 100 μM FAAP and 4.45 μg/mL FAP were incubated at 37°C in a buffer (0.01 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 0.01 M MgCl 2 , 0.05% Tween-20, distilled water) and DMSO <2.5% (v/v). Thereafter, samples were collected at regular intervals, and whether FAAP was decomposed to produce nintenanib was confirmed using the mass detector and UV detector (390 nm) of the device using HPLC and LC/MS. The results are shown in Figs. 4a and 4b and Figs. 5a to 5c. However, the analysis conditions of the HPLC and LC-MS system (Agilent) are as follows:

분석 컬럼 : X Terra MS C18 column , 25 Å, 3.5 ㎛, 2.1 mm x 100 mmAnalytical column: X Terra MS C18 column, 25 Å, 3.5 ㎛, 2.1 mm x 100 mm

HPLC, LC-MS 조건: 0-2 분, 20% A/B; 2-15 분, 20-90% A/B; 15-20 분, 90% A/B; 0.25 ml/min flowlateHPLC, LC-MS conditions: 0-2 min, 20% A/B; 2-15 min, 20-90% A/B; 15-20 min, 90% A/B; 0.25 ml/min flowrate

버퍼로서, 아세토니트릴(용매 A)과 물(용매 B) 용출액을 0.1% 포름산(v/v)과 혼합As a buffer, the eluents of acetonitrile (solvent A) and water (solvent B) were mixed with 0.1% formic acid (v/v).

도 4 및 5에서 보는 바와 같이, LC/MS 분석을 통해 FAAP 화합물(①)의 [M + H]+ 값은 약 919이고, FAP 존재 하에 분해되어 발생되는 전구체(②)의 [M + H]+ 값은 약 645으로 확인되었고, 닌테다닙(③)의 [M + H]+ 값은 540인 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 1.5 시간 이내에 FAAP의 40%, 5시간 이내에 FAAP의 80%, 이후 시간대에서는 닌테다닙으로 완전히 분해되어 전구약물이 활성화되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편 FAP이 없는 상황에서는 오랜기간 동안 화합물이 매우 안정한 것을 확인할 수 있었다.As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the [M + H] + value of the FAAP compound (①) was confirmed to be approximately 919 through LC/MS analysis, the [M + H] + value of the precursor (②) generated by decomposition in the presence of FAP was confirmed to be approximately 645, and the [M + H] + value of nintedanib (③) was confirmed to be 540. In addition, it was confirmed that 40% of FAAP was decomposed within 1.5 hours, 80% of FAAP was decomposed within 5 hours, and completely decomposed into nintedanib thereafter, thereby activating the prodrug. Meanwhile, it was confirmed that the compound was very stable for a long period of time in the absence of FAP.

[실험예 3] FAAP의 타이로신 키나아제에 대한 결합 친화도 평가[Experimental Example 3] Evaluation of FAAP's binding affinity to tyrosine kinase

본 발명의 FAAP에 포함되는 약물인 닌텐다닙은 3종류의 타이로신 키나아제(VEGFR2, FGFR1, PDGFRα)에 대하여 결합하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 분자적 도킹 시뮬레이션(AutoDock Vina)을 통해 수용체의 포켓(pocket)에 해당하는 영역에서 닌테다닙과 FAAP 구조를 도킹 시뮬레이션을 진행하였다. 단, 실험에 사용한 리셉터의 종류는 VEGFR-2 crystal(PDB ID: 3C7Q)과 PDGFRα(PDB ID: 6JOL)이다. FAAP 구조 내 닌테다닙의 타이로신 키나아제에 대한 결합 친화도와 결합 위치를 확인하여 그 결과를 표 2에 나타내었다. Nintedanib, a drug included in the FAAP of the present invention, is known to bind to three types of tyrosine kinases (VEGFR2, FGFR1, PDGFRα). Docking simulations of the structures of nintedanib and FAAP were performed in the region corresponding to the receptor pocket using molecular docking simulations (AutoDock Vina). However, the types of receptors used in the experiment were VEGFR-2 crystal (PDB ID: 3C7Q) and PDGFRα (PDB ID: 6JOL). The binding affinity and binding location of nintedanib to tyrosine kinases within the FAAP structure were confirmed, and the results are shown in Table 2.

화합물compound VEGFR2VEGFR2 PDGFRαPDGFRα 닌테다닙(Nintedanib)Nintedanib -9.3-9.3 8.28.2 실시예 1(FAAP)Example 1 (FAAP) -8.066-8.066 -6.805-6.805

그 결과 표 2에서 보는 바와 같이, 닌테다닙 단독 약물에 비하여, 본 발명에 따른 FAAP의 타이로신 키나아제에 대한 결합 친화도가 떨어지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. As a result, as shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the binding affinity of FAAP according to the present invention to tyrosine kinase was lower than that of the drug nintedanib alone.

[실험예 4] FAAP의 타겟 키나아제에 대한 결합능 평가[Experimental Example 4] Evaluation of FAAP's binding ability to target kinases

이 실험 고정된 활성 부위 지향 리간드와 경쟁하는 화합물의 능력을 정량적으로 측정하는 경쟁 결합 분석을 기반으로 진행되었다. 이 분석은 DNA 태그가 부착된 키나아제, 비드에 고정된 리간드, 그리고 실험 화합물의 세 가지 구성 요소를 결합하여 수행되었다. 실험 화합물이 키나아제에 결합하고 직접 또는 간접적으로 ATP 부위를 막으면, 비드에 고정화된 리간드에 결합하는 단백질 분자(kinase)가 줄어든다. 실험 화합물이 키나아제에 결합하지 않으면, 태그가 붙은 단백질(kinase)이 비드에 결합할 수 있다. 따라서 qPCR(정량적 PCR)을 통해 비드에 결합된 융합 단백질의 양을 통해 결합 정도를 평가한다. 키나아제, 리간드화된 비드, 실험 화합물(닌테다닙과 FAAP를 10 mM 를 가장 높은 농도로 하여 3 배씩 희석하여 총 11 포인트를 실험함)을 실험 플레이트에 넣고 실온에서 1시간 동안 교반하며 배양한 이후, 비드를 용출 완충액(1x PBS, 0.05% Tween 20, 0.5 μM 비비오틴화된 친화성 리간드)에 재현탁한 뒤 30분간 실온에서 교반 및 배양하여 용출액에서의 키나아제 농도를 qPCR로 측정하였다. 닌테다닙 대비 FAAP의 각 키나아제에 대한 결합능을 비교하여 그 결과를 하기 표 3에 나타내었다.This experiment was based on a competitive binding assay, which quantitatively measures the ability of a compound to compete with an immobilized active-site-directed ligand. This assay involved combining three components: a DNA-tagged kinase, a ligand immobilized on beads, and a test compound. If the test compound binds to the kinase and directly or indirectly blocks the ATP site, the number of protein molecules (kinase) bound to the ligand immobilized on the beads decreases. If the test compound does not bind to the kinase, the tagged protein (kinase) can bind to the beads. Therefore, the degree of binding is assessed by measuring the amount of fusion protein bound to the beads using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Kinase, liganded beads, and test compounds (nintedanib and FAAP were diluted 3-fold starting from 10 mM as the highest concentration, and a total of 11 points were tested) were placed in the test plate and incubated with agitation at room temperature for 1 hour. After resuspending the beads in elution buffer (1x PBS, 0.05% Tween 20, 0.5 μM non-biotinylated affinity ligand), the beads were incubated with agitation at room temperature for 30 minutes, and the kinase concentration in the eluate was measured by qPCR. The binding ability of FAAP to each kinase was compared with that of nintedanib, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.

타겟Target 닌테다닙 대비 FAAP의 결합 친화도Binding affinity of FAAP compared to nintedanib FGFR1FGFR1 0.8 배0.8 times FLT1FLT1 0.2 배0.2 times PDGFRαPDGFRα 0.47 배0.47 times

상기 표 3에서 보는 바와 같이, 닌테다닙에 비하여 본 발명에 따른 FAAP의 타이로신 키나아제에 대한 결합 친화도가 떨어지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 본 발명에 따른 프로드러그 화합물은 정상 장기에 발현되는 타이로신 키나아제와의 결합이 억제되어 부작용 발생 가능성을 감소시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. As shown in Table 3 above, it was confirmed that the binding affinity of FAAP according to the present invention to tyrosine kinase was lower than that of nintedanib. This indicates that the prodrug compound according to the present invention can reduce the possibility of side effects by inhibiting binding to tyrosine kinase expressed in normal organs.

[실험예 5] 세포 내 FAP의 존재 유무에 따른 FAAP 분해 여부 평가[Experimental Example 5] Evaluation of FAAP degradation depending on the presence or absence of intracellular FAP

세포 수준에서 FAP에 의한 FAAP 활성화 여부를 확인하기 위하여, FAP이 있는 일반 군과, oncoFAP을 이용하여 FAP을 블러킹(blocking)한 군에 대하여 닌테다닙과 FAAP를 처리하여 공초점 현미경으로 섭취 양상을 확인하였다. 구체적으로, 공초점 디쉬에 웰 당 2 X 105 세포/mL로 세포를 접종하여 24시간 인큐베이션 후 약물 처리를 진행하였다. 약물 처리 시 FAP이 있는 일반 군은 FAAP와 닌테다닙을 각 2 μL (10 μM) 처리하였다. FAP을 블러킹한 군은 우선 oncoFAP 10 μL (1 mM) 처리하고 좌우로 흔들어 섞어준 후, 30 분 인큐베이션한 뒤 FAAP 2 μL (10 μM)를 처리하였다. 약물 처리 후 쉐이커를 이용하여 165 rpm으로 5 분간 쉐이킹하였다. 이후 인큐베이터에서 15 분, 2 시간, 6 시간, 10 시간 인큐베이션 후, 따뜻한 DPBS로 2회 워싱하였다. 따뜻한 4% PFA 1 ml 이용하여 15 분 인큐베이션하고, 2회 워싱 후 DPBS 채워서 마르지 않게 하여 세포를 고정한 후 공초점 이미지를 촬영하였다. 닌테다닙 약물 이미지는 Hoechst 33258 필터를 사용하여 얻었다. 공초점 현미경으로 확인이 가능하였던 이유는 닌테다닙은 내재적으로 형광을 나타내는 특성 (emission 482 nm, excitation 390 nm)이 있는 반면, FAAP의 경우는 형광이 나타나지 않기 때문이다. To confirm FAAP activation at the cellular level, the normal group with FAP and the group in which FAP was blocked using oncoFAP were treated with nintedanib and FAAP, and the uptake patterns were confirmed using a confocal microscope. Specifically, cells were seeded at 2 X 10 5 cells/mL per well in a confocal dish, incubated for 24 hours, and then drug treatment was performed. The normal group with FAP was treated with 2 μL (10 μM) each of FAAP and nintedanib. The group in which FAP was blocked was first treated with 10 μL (1 mM) of oncoFAP, shaken from side to side to mix, incubated for 30 minutes, and then treated with 2 μL (10 μM) of FAAP. After drug treatment, the cells were shaken at 165 rpm for 5 minutes using a shaker. After incubation in an incubator for 15 minutes, 2 hours, 6 hours, and 10 hours, the cells were washed twice with warm DPBS. After incubation for 15 minutes with 1 ml of warm 4% PFA and washing twice, the cells were fixed by filling the cells with DPBS and preventing them from drying, and then confocal images were taken. The drug images of nintedanib were obtained using a Hoechst 33258 filter. The reason why confirmation with a confocal microscope was possible is because nintedanib has an inherent fluorescent property (emission 482 nm, excitation 390 nm), whereas FAAP does not show fluorescence.

도 6a 내지 6c에서 보는 바와 같이, 닌테다닙은 처리 후 15분부터 형광을 나타내었으나, FAAP의 경우 형광을 보이지 않다가, 세포에 FAAP 처리 후 10시간이 경과하자 형광 세기가 증가한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, FAP 억제제인 OncoFAP으로 FAP을 블러킹한 후 FAAP를 처리한 군에서는 10시간 후에도 형광이 나타나지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. As shown in Figures 6a to 6c, nintedanib exhibited fluorescence 15 minutes after treatment, but FAAP did not exhibit fluorescence until 10 hours after FAAP treatment in the cells, when the fluorescence intensity increased. In addition, in the group treated with FAAP after blocking FAP with OncoFAP, a FAP inhibitor, no fluorescence was observed even after 10 hours.

이러한 실험을 통해, 본 발명의 FAAP는 세포 수준에서 FAP에 의해 특이적으로 닌테다닙으로 활성화된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Through these experiments, it was found that the FAAP of the present invention is specifically activated by nintedanib at the cellular level by FAP.

이상으로 본 발명의 특정한 부분을 상세히 기술하였는바, 당업계의 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 있어서 이러한 구체적인 기술은 단지 바람직한 구현 예일뿐이며, 이에 본 발명의 범위가 제한되는 것이 아닌 점은 명백하다. 따라서, 본 발명의 실질적인 범위는 첨부된 청구항과 그의 등가물에 의하여 정의된다고 할 것이다.While specific aspects of the present invention have been described in detail above, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific descriptions are merely preferred implementation examples and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the substantial scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

본 발명은 항섬유화 약제로 적용 가능한 섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(fibroblast activation protein; FAP)에 의해 활성화되는 프로드러그 화합물과, 이의 적용 용도에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a prodrug compound activated by fibroblast activation protein (FAP) that can be used as an antifibrotic agent, and its application.

[이 발명을 지원한 국가연구개발사업][National Research and Development Project Supporting This Invention]

[과제고유번호] 1465037025[Project ID] 1465037025

[과제번호] HN22C0632000022[Assignment Number] HN22C0632000022

[부처명] 보건복지부[Ministry Name] Ministry of Health and Welfare

[과제관리(전문)기관명] (재단)국가신약개발재단[Name of Project Management (Specialist) Institution] (Foundation) National Drug Development Foundation

[연구사업명] 국가신약개발사업(과기부,복지부,산업부)[Research Project Name] National New Drug Development Project (Ministry of Science and ICT, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy)

[연구과제명] 전이체 단백질 표적 암치료제에 대한 유효물질 도출 연구[Research Project Name] Research on the Derivation of Effective Substances for Transformative Protein-Targeted Cancer Treatments

[과제수행기관명] 서울대학교 산학협력단[Name of the project performing organization] Seoul National University Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation

[연구기간] 2022.05.01 ~ 2025.04.30Research Period: May 1, 2022 - April 30, 2025

[이 발명을 지원한 국가연구개발사업] [National Research and Development Project Supporting This Invention]

[과제고유번호] 1415180797[Project ID] 1415180797

[과제번호] 20018522[Assignment Number] 20018522

[부처명] 산업통상자원부Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy

[과제관리(전문)기관명] 한국산업기술평가관리원[Name of Project Management (Specialist) Agency] Korea Industrial Technology Evaluation and Planning Institute

[연구사업명] 백신원부자재생산고도화기술개발[Research Project Name] Development of Advanced Vaccine Raw Materials Production Technology

[연구과제명] mRNA 백신 제품 품질 및 효능 평가기술 개발[Research Project Name] Development of mRNA Vaccine Product Quality and Efficacy Evaluation Technology

[과제수행기관명] 서울대학교[Name of Project Performing Organization] Seoul National University

[연구기간] 2022.04.01 ~ 2025.12.31Research Period: April 1, 2022 - December 31, 2025

[이 발명을 지원한 국가연구개발사업][National Research and Development Project Supporting This Invention]

[과제고유번호] 1711168268[Project ID] 1711168268

[과제번호] 2020R1C1C1009000[Assignment Number] 2020R1C1C1009000

[부처명] 과학기술정보통신부[Ministry Name] Ministry of Science and ICT

[과제관리(전문)기관명] 한국연구재단[Name of Project Management (Specialist) Institution] National Research Foundation of Korea

[연구사업명] 우수신진연구[Research Project Name] Outstanding New Researcher

[연구과제명] 방사선발광 리포좀 나노플랫폼을 활용한 표적화 방사핵종-광역학 복합 암 치료법 개발[Research Project Title] Development of a Targeted Radionuclide-Photodynamic Combination Cancer Therapy Using a Radioluminescent Liposome Nanoplatform

[과제수행기관명] 서울대학교[Name of Project Performing Organization] Seoul National University

[연구기간] 2020.03.01 ~ 2025.02.28Research Period: March 1, 2020 - February 28, 2025

[이 발명을 지원한 국가연구개발사업] [National Research and Development Project Supporting This Invention]

[과제고유번호] 1711158495[Project ID] 1711158495

[과제번호] 2021M2E8A1039564[Assignment Number] 2021M2E8A1039564

[부처명] 과학기술정보통신부[Ministry Name] Ministry of Science and ICT

[과제관리(전문)기관명] 한국연구재단[Name of Project Management (Specialist) Institution] National Research Foundation of Korea

[연구사업명] 방사선이용미래혁신기반기술연구[Research Project Name] Research on Future Innovation-Based Technology for Radiation Utilization

[연구과제명] 항체-유로피움-광감작제 복합체를 이용한 방사선 유도 광면역 치료법 개발[Research Project Title] Development of Radiation-Induced Photoimmunotherapy Using an Antibody-Europium-Photosensitizer Complex

[과제수행기관명] 서울대학교[Name of Project Performing Organization] Seoul National University

[연구기간] 2021.05.01 ~ 2024.12.31Research Period: May 1, 2021 - December 31, 2024

[과제고유번호] RS-2021-NR059015[Project ID] RS-2021-NR059015

[과제번호] 2021R1A2C2003301[Assignment Number] 2021R1A2C2003301

[부처명] 과학기술정보통신부[Ministry Name] Ministry of Science and ICT

[과제관리(전문)기관명] 한국연구재단[Name of Project Management (Specialist) Institution] National Research Foundation of Korea

[연구사업명] 중견연구자지원사업(R1A2)[Research Project Name] Mid-Career Researcher Support Project (R1A2)

[연구과제명] 미토콘드리아 표적 종양 치료의약품의 탑재능과 종양 선택성과 머무름을 강화시키는 pH- 와 온도-민감성 나노복합체 기반 나노캐리어 개발[Research Project Title] Development of pH- and temperature-sensitive nanocomposite-based nanocarriers that enhance the loading capacity, tumor selectivity, and retention of mitochondrial-targeting tumor therapeutic drugs.

[과제수행기관명] 분당서울대학교병원[Name of the project performing organization] Bundang Seoul National University Hospital

[연구기간] 2021.03.01 ~2026.02.28Research Period: March 1, 2021 - February 28, 2026

Claims (8)

하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물, 이의 약제학적으로 허용 가능한 염, 이의 용매화물 및 이의 수화물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 프로드러그(prodrug) 화합물:A prodrug compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following chemical formula 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate thereof, and a hydrate thereof: [화학식 1][Chemical Formula 1] 상기 화학식 1에서, P1은 옥신돌 고리를 포함하는 키나아제 억제제 약물의 라디칼로서, 상기 옥신돌 고리의 NH기에서 수소 원자의 제거로 유도된 라디칼이다. In the above chemical formula 1, P 1 is a radical of a kinase inhibitor drug containing an oxindole ring, and is a radical derived from the removal of a hydrogen atom from the NH group of the oxindole ring. 제1항에 있어서,In the first paragraph, 상기 P1은 아래의 화학식으로 나타낸 기에서 선택되는 것인, 프로드러그(prodrug) 화합물:The above P 1 is a prodrug compound selected from groups represented by the chemical formula below: 제1항에 있어서,In the first paragraph, 상기 프로드러그(prodrug) 화합물은 하기 화학식 8로 표시되는 것인, 프로드러그(prodrug) 화합물:The above prodrug compound is a prodrug compound represented by the following chemical formula 8: [화학식 8] [Chemical Formula 8] 제1항에 있어서,In the first paragraph, 상기 프로드러그(prodrug) 화합물은 섬유아세포 활성화 단백질(fibroblast activation protein; FAP)에 의해 분해되어 P1이 활성화되는 것인, 프로드러그(prodrug) 화합물.The above prodrug compound is a prodrug compound that is decomposed by fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and P 1 is activated. 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항의 프로드러그(prodrug) 화합물을 유효 성분으로 포함하는, 섬유화 질환의 예방 또는 치료용 약제학적 조성물.A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a fibrotic disease, comprising a prodrug compound of any one of claims 1 to 4 as an active ingredient. 제5항에 있어서,In paragraph 5, 상기 섬유화 질환은 피부경화증, 죽상동맥경화증, 심장 섬유증, 기관 이식 섬유증, 근육 섬유증, 췌장 섬유증, 골수섬유증, 간 섬유증, 비장의 섬유증, 폐 섬유증, 특발성 폐 섬유증, 특발성 간질 섬유증, 미만성 간질성 섬유증, 간질성 폐 질환, 만성 간질성 폐 질환, 진폐증, 규폐증, 간질성 섬유증, 유육종증, 종격동 섬유증, 심장 섬유증, 심방성 섬유증, 심내막 섬유증, 신장 섬유증, 황반 변성, 켈로이드 병변, 비후성 반흔, 신장성 전신 섬유증, 주사 섬유증, 수술의 섬유성 합병증, 섬유성 만성 동종이식 혈관 병증, 허혈성 재관류 손상과 관련된 섬유증, 관절 섬유증, 듀피트렌 질환, 구강의 섬유성 증식 병변, 섬유화 장 협착증, 아교세포 반흔형성, 연수막 섬유증, 방사선 노출로 인한 섬유증, 유방 낭성 파열로 인한 섬유증, 골수섬유증, 후복막 섬유증 또는 진행성 거대 섬유증인, 약제학적 조성물. The above fibrotic diseases include scleroderma, atherosclerosis, cardiac fibrosis, organ transplant fibrosis, muscle fibrosis, pancreatic fibrosis, myelofibrosis, liver fibrosis, splenic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic interstitial fibrosis, diffuse interstitial fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, chronic interstitial lung disease, pneumoconiosis, silicosis, interstitial fibrosis, sarcoidosis, mediastinal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, atrial fibrosis, endocardial fibrosis, renal fibrosis, macular degeneration, keloid lesions, hypertrophic scars, renal systemic fibrosis, injection fibrosis, fibrotic complications of surgery, fibrotic chronic allograft angiopathy, fibrosis associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury, arthrofibrosis, Dupuytren's disease, fibrotic proliferative lesions of the oral cavity, fibrotic intestinal stenosis, glial scarring, leptomeningeal fibrosis, fibrosis due to radiation exposure, fibrosis due to breast cystic rupture, A pharmaceutical composition for treating myelofibrosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis or progressive massive fibrosis. 투여가 필요한 개체에게, 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항의 프로드러그(prodrug) 화합물을을 약제학적 유효량으로 투여하는 단계를 포함하는 섬유화 질환의 예방 또는 치료 방법.A method for preventing or treating a fibrotic disease, comprising administering to a subject in need of administration a pharmaceutically effective amount of a prodrug compound of any one of claims 1 to 4. 제7항에 있어서,In paragraph 7, 상기 섬유화 질환은 피부경화증, 죽상동맥경화증, 심장 섬유증, 기관 이식 섬유증, 근육 섬유증, 췌장 섬유증, 골수섬유증, 간 섬유증, 비장의 섬유증, 폐 섬유증, 특발성 폐 섬유증, 특발성 간질 섬유증, 미만성 간질성 섬유증, 간질성 폐 질환, 만성 간질성 폐 질환, 진폐증, 규폐증, 간질성 섬유증, 유육종증, 종격동 섬유증, 심장 섬유증, 심방성 섬유증, 심내막 섬유증, 신장 섬유증, 황반 변성, 켈로이드 병변, 비후성 반흔, 신장성 전신 섬유증, 주사 섬유증, 수술의 섬유성 합병증, 섬유성 만성 동종이식 혈관 병증, 허혈성 재관류 손상과 관련된 섬유증, 관절 섬유증, 듀피트렌 질환, 구강의 섬유성 증식 병변, 섬유화 장 협착증, 아교세포 반흔형성, 연수막 섬유증, 방사선 노출로 인한 섬유증, 유방 낭성 파열로 인한 섬유증, 골수섬유증, 후복막 섬유증 또는 진행성 거대 섬유증인, 섬유화 질환의 예방 또는 치료 방법.The above fibrotic diseases include scleroderma, atherosclerosis, cardiac fibrosis, organ transplant fibrosis, muscle fibrosis, pancreatic fibrosis, myelofibrosis, liver fibrosis, splenic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic interstitial fibrosis, diffuse interstitial fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, chronic interstitial lung disease, pneumoconiosis, silicosis, interstitial fibrosis, sarcoidosis, mediastinal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, atrial fibrosis, endocardial fibrosis, renal fibrosis, macular degeneration, keloid lesions, hypertrophic scars, renal systemic fibrosis, injection fibrosis, fibrotic complications of surgery, fibrotic chronic allograft angiopathy, fibrosis associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury, arthrofibrosis, Dupuytren's disease, fibrotic proliferative lesions of the oral cavity, fibrotic intestinal stenosis, glial scarring, leptomeningeal fibrosis, fibrosis due to radiation exposure, fibrosis due to breast cystic rupture, A method for preventing or treating a fibrotic disease, such as myelofibrosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis or progressive massive fibrosis.
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KR20230121800A (en) * 2020-12-17 2023-08-21 트러스티즈 오브 터프츠 칼리지 FAP-activated radiotheranostics and related uses

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