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WO2025158469A1 - Procédé et appareil pour améliorer l'efficacité énergétique de processus de conversion thermique de biomasses, de déchets et/ou de combustible dérivé de déchets en gaz de synthèse et sa conversion ultérieure dans d'autres produits chimiques - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour améliorer l'efficacité énergétique de processus de conversion thermique de biomasses, de déchets et/ou de combustible dérivé de déchets en gaz de synthèse et sa conversion ultérieure dans d'autres produits chimiques

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Publication number
WO2025158469A1
WO2025158469A1 PCT/IT2024/000004 IT2024000004W WO2025158469A1 WO 2025158469 A1 WO2025158469 A1 WO 2025158469A1 IT 2024000004 W IT2024000004 W IT 2024000004W WO 2025158469 A1 WO2025158469 A1 WO 2025158469A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
syngas
stream
boiler
tube wall
radiant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/IT2024/000004
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Emanuela AGOSTINI
Elena ANTONETTI
Gaetano Iaquaniello
Annarita SALLADINI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NextChem SpA
Original Assignee
NextChem Tech SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NextChem Tech SpA filed Critical NextChem Tech SpA
Priority to PCT/IT2024/000004 priority Critical patent/WO2025158469A1/fr
Publication of WO2025158469A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025158469A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
    • B04C5/04—Tangential inlets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/22—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed with cleaning means
    • B04C5/23—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed with cleaning means using liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
    • C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
    • C10K1/004—Sulfur containing contaminants, e.g. hydrogen sulfide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/026—Dust removal by centrifugal forces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • C10K1/06—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials combined with spraying with water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/101—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids with water only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/12—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/04—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia
    • B01D45/06—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by reversal of direction of flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B01D46/12—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces in multiple arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/18—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the purification of gaseous effluents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/169—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with water treatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1693—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with storage facilities for intermediate, feed and/or product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1892—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being water/steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
    • C10K3/04—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus to improve the energy efficiency of the conversion processes of biomasses, wastes and/or waste derived fuel into syngas, where such syngas is further converted into chemicals as methane, methanol or DME, ethanol/ethylene, ammonia/urea or sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) .
  • syngas is further converted into chemicals as methane, methanol or DME, ethanol/ethylene, ammonia/urea or sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) .
  • the present invention falls within the chemical sector, precisely in the field concerning the conversion of biomasses, waste materials, preferable industrial or municipal wastes into chemicals; more specifically the present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for the improvement of the overall energy efficiency of the conversion process.
  • Circular economy approach is intended to save resources, mainly hydrocarbons, and minimize emissions and pollution, and thus consequently protect the environment also in terms of C0 2 emissions.
  • Particulate compounds mainly present as carbon particles, oxides, or even metallic form.
  • This layout will avoid reformation of noxious compounds as dioxins, furans etc, avoid corrosion problems and/or fouling, but conversely it does not allow to recover the sensible heat of syngas which is transferred to the cooling water; also said architecture allows the transfer of all the particulate into a liquid stream leaving the bottom of quencher.
  • This architecture will allow to maximize the heat recovery, but it will face both metal dusting due to the high CO concentration which is going to be quite dangerous at temperature lower than 700°C, and chemical attach due to the presence of HC1 and H 2 S and also fouling of the cooler where the heat is transferred by convection mode, not to mention the possibility to produce dioxins if the residence time are not short enough.
  • Another object of this invention is to minimize liquid emissions associated with waste disposal .
  • Yet another object of this invention is to provide a cost-effective method to make chemicals by minimizing natural gas and cooling water consumptions .
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is both the thermal recovery of heat by means of cooling down a syngas mixture outcoming from a syngas reactor operating at high temperature and, at the same time, the removal of coarse particle from said syngas stream in order to avoid corrosion problem and in order to increase the efficiency of thermal conversion process .
  • the solution is a peculiar all-radiating boiler which performs, at the same time, the cooling of the syngas and the separation of coarse particle in order to increase the efficiency of thermal conversion processes and then reducing the C0 2 emissions .
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the syngas radiant boiler and subsequent purification steps according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the heat exchange in a radiant section boiler: syngas is flowing into a sort of empty box where heat is mainly exchanged by irradiation with the water-cooled walls;
  • Figure 3 is representing a typical detail of insulation and cladding of a membrane tube radiant boiler
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a membranetube radiant boiler (A) shaped as a cyclone.
  • radiant boiler means that the heat exchanged in it is mainly by irradiation, being the syngas at high temperature and flowing low-moderate velocity.
  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus in which an all-radiant steam drum boiler type is used in order to increase the efficiency of the thermal conversion processes of biomasses, wastes and/or waste derived fuel into syngas and the subsequent conversion of said syngas in products such as methane, methanol or DME, ethanol, ammonia/urea, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and other chemicals in order to increase the efficiency of said thermal conversion processes and also reducing the C0 2 emissions .
  • an all-radiant steam drum boiler type is used in order to increase the efficiency of the thermal conversion processes of biomasses, wastes and/or waste derived fuel into syngas and the subsequent conversion of said syngas in products such as methane, methanol or DME, ethanol, ammonia/urea, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and other chemicals in order to increase the efficiency of said thermal conversion processes and also reducing the C0 2 emissions .
  • the method according to the present invention is thus applicable in thermal conversion processes such as gasification of waste with pure oxygen at high temperature (above 1100°C) to obtain a high temperature raw syngas 100 , and comprises the following steps:
  • a cooling and separation step A of the raw syngas 100 performed by an all-radiant membrane tube wall boiler type, wherein the raw syngas is partially cooled down from at least 1100° to not less than 700°C, and also at the same time in the same step, the coarse particle 112 is separated from the gas stream and wherein the recovered heat is used for steam production 138 by boiler feed water 136;
  • the all radiant steam drum boiler is a preferably metallic membrane-wall box type wherein the syngas inlet and outlet sections are not placed on the same axe in order to obtain that the design of said membrane-wall box is such to avoid fouling and minimize the pressure drop and not impacting the on-stream time of the plant.
  • said pressure drop is comprised between 100 - 500 mmWC (millimeters of water column equivalent to 9.8 - 49 mbar) .
  • a refractory lining could be installed, extension of it and its thickness will depend on the required cooling duty, meanwhile insulation and cladding are going to be installed on the external section.
  • Said membrane-wall radiant syngas boiler is thus provided with a steam drum in order to perform the steam production (stream 138) by boiler feed water (stream 136) .
  • a particulate lock hopper can be installed followed by a particulate storage bin, in order to collect the coarse particle (stream 112) .
  • the metallic membrane-wall of radiant syngas boiler type is fundamental for the cooling of the syngas outcoming from such kind of conversion process performed with gasification at high temperature of biomass and/or wastes with oxygen due to the high temperature of the syngas outcoming from the gasification step; indeed the outlet syngas temperature (upper than 1100°C) together with the design of the membrane-wall boiler allows the recovery of the heat only by radiation, thus avoiding any convective exchange with all the related problems .
  • Such a boiler will produce the steam which can be used in the subsequent syngas conversion steps; for instance said steam can be used by the water gas shift reactor, if present, as the case of methanol production, or in the reboiler section for the ethanol distillation or more generally where steam will be required, sensibly reducing the duty of the auxiliary boiler.
  • the radiant boiler A is placed downstream of the high temperature waste converter reactor, or gasification reactor, in order to cool down the syngas stream 100 outcoming from said gasification reactor from the temperature between 1300-1100°C to a temperature between 850-700°C as syngas stream 102.
  • the boiler feed water (BFW stream 136), used in the membrane-wall all radiant type steam drum boiler, is preheated in the downstream step after said boiler in order to maximize the steam production and minimize the cooling duty of the syngas to the compression section; for example the preheating of said boiler feed water can be performed in the water shift section, if present, or in other section of the plant .
  • Boiler' s outlet temperature of syngas is strictly dependant from the syngas composition and in particularly the content of HC1 and carbon particulate; thus the design choices of the membrane-wall boiler in terms of contact surface, hot stream speed, residence time, are made in order to obtain an outlet temperature not less than 700°C.
  • the outlet section of the membrane-wall boiler is connected to the water quencher B which cools down the syngas from the boiler' s outlet temperature (between 850-700°C) to a temperature between 60- 90°C.
  • the presence of the boiler according to the present invention will reduce the water consumption (stream 122) into quenching and minimize the liquid effluent from the sedimentation tank at the bottom of the quencher section (stream 118) .
  • the quencher section B in such process of gasification at high temperature upper than 1100°C, will decrease its operation window from 700/850°C to 80/90°C instead of from 1100°/1300°C to 80/90°C.
  • the water quencher step B is then connected to a scrubbing package comprising an acid scrubbing step C and a basic scrubbing step D; the outlet of said package (stream 108) is connected to a wet electrostatic precipitator E .
  • the stream 110 outcoming from said wet electrostatic precipitator E corresponds to the pretreated syngas (stream 110) .
  • Said pretreated syngas 110 is routed to an atmospheric storage and then said purified syngas can be used for the production of hydrogen, methane, ethanol, ammonia/urea, SAF and other chemicals .
  • a first advantage of the syngas cooling method according to the present invention is the simultaneous cooling of the syngas and separation of heavy particles from said syngas .
  • a second advantage of the syngas cooling according to the present invention although said cooling is partial, will result in a reduction of water flow consumption in all the purification steps .
  • the main advantage of the present invention is related to the steam production in the radiant boiler, which is going to reduce the duty of the auxiliary boiler and in particularly of the natural gas flow used there to raise the steam required to carry out the CO conversion step as it appears in the scheme depicted in patent EP 3433341 Bl for instance or for any other steam demand in other waste-to-chemicals schemes .
  • the steam produced is said membrane-wall boiler can be used, for example, in the water gas shift section, if present, in order to convert totally or partially the CO in C0 2 according to the water shift reaction:
  • the radiant syngas boiler section is shaped as a cyclone; in such a case a substantial fraction of the coarse particulate present in the syngas is removed as a dry solid and not as sludge, thus this particular shape allows an improve of the particle separation inside the radiant syngas boiler.
  • the amount of steam produced by each conversion line with a boiler according to the present invention is about 4, 25 ton/h; if we consider the typical three operating gasification train, the amount of produced steam is equal to 12.75 ton/h .
  • Table 2
  • the boiler according to the present invention will provide a sensible portion of the required steam.
  • the membrane-wall boiler is such to both recover the syngas heat, in order to produce steam, and also to allow the separation of particulate from the syngas : indeed the particulate amount in the syngas stream decreases from ⁇ 20 g/Nm 3 (before the boiler) to ⁇ 10 g/Nm 3 (after the boiler) .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et appareil pour améliorer l'efficacité de procédés de conversion thermique de déchets, caractérisé en ce que, pour obtenir une réduction des émissions de CO 2 ainsi que de l'eau et de la consommation d'énergie, en partant d'une gazéification de biomasses, de déchets et/ou de déchets dérivés de combustible avec de l'oxygène à haute température (supérieure à 1100°C) pour obtenir un gaz de synthèse brut et une conversion ultérieure dudit gaz de synthèse en produits chimiques, ledit procédé prévoit l'utilisation d'une étape de refroidissement et de séparation du gaz de synthèse brut réalisée par une membrane entièrement rayonnante, de préférence métallique, de type chaudière à paroi de tube dans laquelle le gaz de synthèse brut, issu de la gazéification, est partiellement refroidi d'au moins 1100°C à au moins 700°C, et en même temps et dans la même étape, la particule grossière est séparée du flux de gaz par l'intermédiaire d'un routage du flux à l'intérieur de la même chaudière, la chaleur récupérée étant utilisée pour la production de vapeur et ladite chaudière à paroi de tube à membrane entièrement rayonnante effectuant à la fois l'opération de refroidissement et de séparation, l'utilisation dudit type de chaudière à paroi de tube à membrane entièrement rayonnante permettant à la fois une économie de consommation d'eau dans les étapes de polissage profond et également une réduction des émissions de C0 2 , et la vapeur produite dans ledit type de chaudière à paroi de tube à membrane entièrement rayonnante étant utilisée pour toute étape ultérieure de conversion de gaz de synthèse selon la production chimique spécifique, permettant une réduction de la puissance, de la consommation de gaz naturel, et une optimisation du processus de conversion global.
PCT/IT2024/000004 2024-01-23 2024-01-23 Procédé et appareil pour améliorer l'efficacité énergétique de processus de conversion thermique de biomasses, de déchets et/ou de combustible dérivé de déchets en gaz de synthèse et sa conversion ultérieure dans d'autres produits chimiques Pending WO2025158469A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1597132A (zh) * 2004-08-27 2005-03-23 清华大学 一种冷却式高温气固分离装置
CN201748415U (zh) * 2010-04-28 2011-02-16 四川川锅锅炉有限责任公司 全水冷膜式壁偏心分离器
WO2014126916A1 (fr) 2013-02-12 2014-08-21 Solena Fuels Corporation Production de combustible liquide à partir de matière organique telle que la biomasse et des déchets
CN205361692U (zh) * 2015-12-24 2016-07-06 上海锅炉厂有限公司 一种模块式的水冷式或汽冷式旋风分离器
WO2020075114A1 (fr) * 2018-10-11 2020-04-16 Nextchem S.R.L. Procédé et appareil pour produire du biométhane à partir de déchets
EP3433341B1 (fr) 2017-01-17 2021-03-17 NextChem S.p.A. Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication de bio-methanol pur à partir de syngas issu de la gaséification de déchet

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1597132A (zh) * 2004-08-27 2005-03-23 清华大学 一种冷却式高温气固分离装置
CN201748415U (zh) * 2010-04-28 2011-02-16 四川川锅锅炉有限责任公司 全水冷膜式壁偏心分离器
WO2014126916A1 (fr) 2013-02-12 2014-08-21 Solena Fuels Corporation Production de combustible liquide à partir de matière organique telle que la biomasse et des déchets
CN205361692U (zh) * 2015-12-24 2016-07-06 上海锅炉厂有限公司 一种模块式的水冷式或汽冷式旋风分离器
EP3433341B1 (fr) 2017-01-17 2021-03-17 NextChem S.p.A. Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication de bio-methanol pur à partir de syngas issu de la gaséification de déchet
WO2020075114A1 (fr) * 2018-10-11 2020-04-16 Nextchem S.R.L. Procédé et appareil pour produire du biométhane à partir de déchets
EP3775108B1 (fr) 2018-10-11 2023-08-23 NextChem S.p.A. Procédé pour produire du bio-méthane à partir de déchets

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