WO2025155096A1 - Method and apparatus for improving coverage of base station-to-terminal physical shared channel transmission in non-terrestrial network environment - Google Patents

Abstract

An operation method of a first device (100) in a wireless communication system is presented. The method comprises the steps of: acquiring information about a plurality of resources; and performing a plurality of communication operations on the basis of the plurality of resources, wherein redundant versions related to a plurality of transmissions related to the plurality of communication operations can be the same.

Description

Method and device for improving coverage of base station-to-terminal physical shared channel transmission in a non-terrestrial network environment

The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

5G NR is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system that is the successor technology to LTE (long term evolution) and has the characteristics of high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low frequency bands below 1 GHz, to intermediate frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

Maximum data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E delay 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100bps/Hz Mobility Support Up to 1000km/hr Satellite Integration completely AI completely Autonomous driving completely XR completely Haptic communication completely

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a first device can be provided. For example, the method includes: obtaining information about a plurality of resources; and performing a plurality of communication operations based on the plurality of resources, wherein redundancy versions associated with a plurality of transmissions associated with the plurality of communication operations can be the same.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: obtain information about a plurality of resources; and perform a plurality of communication operations based on the plurality of resources, wherein redundancy versions associated with a plurality of transmissions associated with the plurality of communication operations may be identical.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: obtain information about a plurality of resources; and perform a plurality of communication operations based on the plurality of resources, wherein redundancy versions associated with a plurality of transmissions associated with the plurality of communication operations may be identical.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, cause a first device to: obtain information about a plurality of resources; and perform a plurality of communication operations based on the plurality of resources, wherein redundancy versions associated with a plurality of transmissions associated with the plurality of communication operations may be identical.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a second device can be provided. For example, the method includes: transmitting information about a plurality of resources to a first device; and performing a plurality of base station-to-device transmission operations based on the plurality of resources, wherein redundancy versions associated with the plurality of base station-to-device transmission operations can be the same.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: transmit information about a plurality of resources to a first device; and perform a plurality of base station-to-device transmission operations based on the plurality of resources, wherein redundancy versions associated with the plurality of base station-to-device transmission operations may be the same.

Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of performing base station-to-terminal physical shared channel repetition in a random access procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) repetition according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and/or B". For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C".

The slash (/) or comma used in this disclosure can mean "and/or". For example, "A/B" can mean "A and/or B". Accordingly, "A/B" can mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C".

In this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" can mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and/or B" can be interpreted identically to "at least one of A and B".

Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

In addition, the parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In addition, even when indicated as "control information (e.g., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information".

In the explanation below, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

In the present disclosure, the device obtaining information may include the information being (pre-)set to the device, the information being received from another entity to the device, or the device generating the information.

Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters that are set for the terminal, set in advance, or defined in advance. For example, a base station or a network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted through radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

In the present disclosure, "being set or defined" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling from a base station or a network (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.). In the present disclosure, "being set or defined" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling from another device (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaled control information, etc.). In the present disclosure, "being set or defined" may be interpreted as being preset to a device.

In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, and the like. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell/node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, and the like.

The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems, such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access), etc. CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications)/GPRS (general packet radio service)/EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), 5G NR, etc.

The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, the 6G system can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and/or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node/cell, a TRP, a terminal and/or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.) classified according to a structure or a purpose. Through this, the first device can identify the boundary of a frame, a subframe, a time unit, a slot, and/or a symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to properties, characteristics, and/or capabilities of the second device that are necessary for connecting to the second device and using a service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting the system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and/or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., a channel position, a channel structure, a structure of a supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device by using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and/or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and/or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

In step S107, the first device and the second device can perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information can be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device can perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and/or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information can be signaled/transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and/or the control channel can be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and/or control information on a data channel.

In step S109, the first device and the second device can transmit and/or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device can process, transmit and/or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device can perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and/or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device can perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation per antenna, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and/or channel decoding.

For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 can illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 can illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 can illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 can illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

For example, the physical layer can provide an information transmission service to the upper layer by using a physical channel. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, the transport channel can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through the physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated by an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) method, and time and frequency can be utilized as wireless resources.

For example, the MAC layer can provide a service to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through a logical channel. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide a data transmission service on a logical channel.

For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operation modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering/integrity protection.

For example, RB establishment may mean the process of defining characteristics of a radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operation methods for each. For example, RB may be divided into two types: SRB (signaling radio bearer) and DRB (data radio bearer). For example, SRB may be used as a channel for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, and DRB may be used as a channel for transmitting user data in the user plane.

For example, the downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a BCH (broadcast channel) for transmitting system information, and/or a downlink SCH (shared channel) for transmitting user traffic or control messages, among others. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink MCH (multicast channel). Meanwhile, the uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a RACH (random access channel) for transmitting an initial control message, and/or an uplink SCH (shared channel) for transmitting user traffic or control messages, among others. For example, a logical channel located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a BCCH (broadcast control channel), a PCCH (paging control channel), a CCCH (common control channel), an MCCH (multicast control channel), and/or an MTCH (multicast traffic channel).

FIG. 3 illustrates a structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 3, a radio frame may be used, for example, in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and/or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined by two 5 ms half-frames (half-frames, HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (subframes, SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

For example, when normal CP is used, each slot may include 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot may include 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

Table 2 below illustrates the number of symbols per slot (N ^slot _symb ), the number of slots per frame (N ^frame,u slot ), and the number of slots per subframe (N ^subframe,u _slot ) depending on the SCS setting ( _u ) when normal CP or extended CP is used.

CP type SCS (15*2 ^u ) N ^slot _symb N ^frame,u _slot N ^subframe,u _slot Normal CP 15kHz (u=0) 14 10 1 30kHz (u=1) 14 20 2 60kHz (u=2) 14 40 4 120kHz (u=3) 14 80 8 240kHz (u=4) 14 160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 12 40 4

For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into one terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) section of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or TTIs (transmit time intervals)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

For example, multiple numerologies or SCS may be supported to support various services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and when the SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include a plurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

For example, a BWP can be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, the PRBs can be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

For example, a BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP and/or a default BWP. For example, a UE may not monitor downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than an active DL BWP on a PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of an active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of an active UL (uplink) BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive RBs (resource blocks) for the RMSI (remaining minimum system information) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the PBCH (physical broadcast channel)). For example, for uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the SIB (system information block) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP. For energy saving, if the UE does not detect the DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period of time, the UE can switch its active BWP to the default BWP.

In the present disclosure, PSCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with sidelink, a physical control channel associated with sidelink, a device-to-device physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PSSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with sidelink, a physical shared channel associated with sidelink, a device-to-device physical shared channel, etc. For example, SL communication may be replaced by device-to-device communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and/or signals associated with SL communication, the SL part may be replaced by "device-to-device".

In the present disclosure, PUCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with uplink, a physical control channel associated with uplink, a device-to-base station physical control channel, a terminal-to-base station physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PUSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with uplink, a physical shared channel associated with uplink, a device-to-base station physical shared channel, a terminal-to-base station physical shared channel, etc. For example, UL communication may be replaced by terminal-to-base station communication or device-to-base station communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and/or signals associated with UL communication, the UL part may be replaced by "device-to-base station" or "terminal-to-base station".

In the present disclosure, PDCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a downlink-related control channel, a downlink-related physical control channel, a base station-to-device physical control channel, a base station-to-terminal physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PDSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a downlink-related shared channel, a downlink-related physical shared channel, a base station-to-device physical shared channel, a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel, etc. For example, DL communication may be replaced by base station-to-device communication or base station-to-terminal communication. For example, the DL part in terms referring to various channels and/or signals associated with DL communication may be replaced by "base station-to-device" or "base station-to-terminal".

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

For example, the BWP can be set by a point A, an offset from the point A (N ^start _BWP ) and a bandwidth (N ^size _BWP ). For example, the point A can be an outer reference point of the PRBs of a carrier on which subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) are aligned. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and the point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and LIS (large intelligent surface) can be adopted.

- Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can simplify and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use a lot of analytics to determine how complex target tasks are performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also be a rapid communication in Brain Computer Interface (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

- THz communication (terahertz communication): The data rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be done by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, generally refer to the frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz–300 GHz band range (Sub THz band) is considered to be the main part of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding the Sub THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Of the defined THz bands, 300 GHz–3 THz is in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. The 300 GHz–3 THz band is part of the optical band but is at the boundary of the optical band, just behind the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz–3 THz band shows similarities with RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beam widths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This allows the use of advanced adaptive array techniques to overcome range limitations.

- Large-scale MIMO technology

- Hologram beamforming (HBF)

- Optical wireless technology

- Free space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

- Quantum communication

- Cell-free communication

- Integration of wireless information and power transmission

- Integration of wireless communication and sensing

- Integrated access and backhaul network

- Big data analysis

- Reconfigurable intelligent surface

- metaverse

- Block-chain

- Advanced air mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept that encompasses urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

- Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

- Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that uses RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). NTN services may be considered for securing wider coverage or providing wireless communication services in places where it is not easy to install wireless communication base stations.

- Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to obtain information about the characteristics of the environment and/or objects within the environment by detecting the instantaneous linear speed, angle, distance (range), etc. of the object.

- Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, RIS can be composed of many small antennas or metasurfaces arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and/or intensity of the propagated signal. For example, in the case of RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, since RIS can be reconfigured to suit various environments, it can meet various communication requirements and can operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on a satellite network, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAM), etc. For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as a satellite network, HIBS, terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAM), etc. can perform a relay role. For example, an AAM can perform communications with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and/or an AAM can perform direct communications with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

Below, the random access procedure is described.

Random access procedures can be divided into contention-based random access procedures and contention-free random access procedures.

For example, (in a contention-based random access procedure), the terminal can compute a random access radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RA-RNTI) based on a physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH; physical random access channel) transmission opportunity to transmit a random access preamble. Thereafter, the terminal can transmit a random access preamble using the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH; physical random access channel) transmission opportunity and the corresponding random access radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RA-RNTI).

Thereafter, the terminal may initiate a random access response window and monitor base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) transmissions using a random access radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RA-RNTI) in a search space within the random access response window.

Here, if a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) transmission addressed to a cell radio network temporary identifier (e.g., C-RNTI) is received while the terminal is performing a contention-free random access procedure, the terminal can determine that the random access procedure is successfully completed.

Here, if the terminal receives a random access response including a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID; random access preamble identifier) corresponding to the index of the random access preamble transmitted by the terminal, the terminal can determine that the random access response has been successfully received. If the transmitted random access preamble is not selected from the contention-based random access preambles, the terminal can determine that the random access procedure has been successfully completed.

Alternatively, when the terminal receives a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) transmission including base station-to-terminal communication resource allocation information for a random access radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RA-RNTI) calculated by the terminal, if the received random access response includes a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID) corresponding to an index of a random access preamble transmitted by the terminal, the terminal may determine that the random access response has been successfully received. In this case, if the random access response includes only the random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID), the terminal may determine that the random access procedure has been successfully completed. If the random access response does not contain only a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID), the terminal can transmit a third message (Msg3) to the base station via terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) using the temporary cell radio network temporary identifier (e.g., TC-RNTI) and the cell radio network temporary identifier (e.g., C-RNTI) received via the random access response.

Thereafter, the terminal can monitor the fourth message (Msg4) from the base station. If the fourth message including the cell radio network temporary identifier (e.g., C-RNTI) transmitted by the terminal is received before the expiration of the contention resolution window, the terminal can determine that the random access procedure is successfully completed. For example, if the received fourth message includes terminal-to-base station resources (e.g., UL resources), the terminal can transmit an ACK to the base station through the terminal-to-base station resources (e.g., UL resources).

Meanwhile, in the next-generation non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) system, the effective isotropically radiated power (EIRP) and/or bandwidth (e.g., BW) for base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) may be limited, and in the above situation, coverage enhancement for base station-to-terminal channel transmission (e.g., DL channel transmission) may be required.

Meanwhile, within a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) footprint, cell, or beam, there may be a mix of terminals supporting base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) communication coverage enhancement operations and terminals not supporting base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) communication coverage enhancement operations, and therefore the impact of base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) communication coverage enhancement operations on existing (e.g., legacy) terminals may need to be minimized.

The applicability and method of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the fallback base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) and the non-fallback base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format), and/or depending on the base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format).

The applicability and method of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently for each common search space (e.g., CSS; common search space) (all or part of the common search space (e.g., CSS) (Type-0 and/or Type-0A and/or Type-1 and/or Type-2 and/or Type-3)) and each UE-specific search space (e.g., USS; UE-specific search space), for each control resource set #0 (e.g., CORESET#0; control resource set #0) and each non-zero control resource set (e.g., non-zero CORESET), for each search space, and/or for each control resource set (e.g., CORESET).

The applicability and method of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on a radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RNTI) for a base station-to-terminal physical downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) and/or depending on a purpose (whether it is system information block 1 (e.g., SIB1) scheduling and/or whether it is direct message transmission) for the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH).

Various embodiments of the present disclosure and combinations thereof may be applied differently depending on the payload type of the satellite (e.g., regenerative or transparent payload).

Various embodiments of the present disclosure and combinations thereof may be applied differently depending on the type of non-terrestrial network node (e.g., geostationary earth orbit (GEO), non-geostationary earth orbit (NGEO), low earth orbit (LEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), high altitude platform station (HAPS), drone), altitude, fixed beam footprint, or cell-moving beam footprint.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure and combinations thereof include receiving a physical downlink shared channel (e.g., PDSCH; physical downlink shared channel) for initial access (e.g., receiving a random access response (e.g., RAR; random access response), receiving a fourth message (e.g., Msg4), paging, receiving system information (e.g., SI), receiving a PDSCH before radio resource control (e.g., RRC) (re)establishment) and/or receiving a PDSCH, system information (e.g., SI), paging, a RAR (random access response) scheduled by a fallback DCI format (e.g., DCI format) 1_0. It can be applied differently.

Meanwhile, in case of physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) transmission, if physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) repetition is instructed/set in rach-ConfigDedicated, the terminal can apply the above repetition number when transmitting the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH).

Meanwhile, in case of physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) transmission, if rsrp-ThresholdMsg1-ReptitoinNumX is set and/or the reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) of the pathloss reference of base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) of the terminal is less than rsrp-ThresholdMsg1-ReptitoinNumX, the repetition count X can be included in the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) repetition available set.

Meanwhile, for physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) repetitions, the random access radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RA-RNTI) is determined based on the last valid physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) opportunity in the set of physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) opportunities.

Meanwhile, if the terminal fails to receive an appropriate random access response (e.g., RAR) within the random access response (e.g., RAR) window for physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) repetitions, and/or if the number of physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) transmissions for the current repetition count reaches a certain level (e.g., a value instructed/configured via system information block (e.g., SIB)/radio resource control (e.g., RRC)), the terminal may perform physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) retransmission using the next higher physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) repetition count.

For example, the terminal may indicate to the base station whether the terminal supports and/or requires a coverage mode for base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) for a random access response (e.g., RAR) (e.g., transmission using repeated or extended resources for base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) and/or base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) corresponding to the random access response (e.g., RAR)) via physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) transmission (different physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) resources and/or repetition count).

For example, the terminal may indicate to the base station whether it supports and/or requires a base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) coverage mode (e.g., transmission using repeated or extended resources for the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) and/or the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) corresponding to a fourth message (e.g., Msg4) via physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) transmission (different physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) resources and/or repetition count) and/or via a third message (e.g., Msg3).

For example, when activating the base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) coverage enhancement mode for random access response (e.g., RAR) even in a licensed band, the size of the random access response (e.g., RAR) window may be allowed to exceed 10 msec.

For example, in the case of a licensed band, and/or when the random access response (e.g., RAR) window size is set to exceed 10 msec, a base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) coverage mode (e.g., transmission using repeated or extended resources for the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) and/or the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) corresponding to the random access response (e.g., RAR) may be activated.

For example, in the case of an unlicensed band, and/or when the random access response (e.g., RAR) window size is set to exceed 40 msec, a base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) coverage mode (e.g., transmission using repeated or extended resources for the base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) and/or the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) corresponding to the random access response (e.g., RAR)) may be activated.

Meanwhile, a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) scheduled with a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) CRC-masked with a system information radio network temporary identifier (e.g., SI-RNTI), a random access radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RA-RNTI), and/or a paging radio network temporary identifier (e.g., P-RNTI) and/or a fallback base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) (e.g., base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) 1_0) and/or a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) scheduled before radio resource control (e.g., RRC) configuration is performed, for multiple repetitions between slots and/or multiple base station-to-terminal physical shared channels (e.g., PDSCH) inter-unit repetition can be supported.

For example, the repetition method and/or repetition count for the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) may be indicated via a base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) corresponding to the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH). For example, the time interval between the beginning, end, or slot of the latest base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) reception corresponding to the base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) and the beginning, end, or slot of the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) reception may be greater than or equal to a certain level (a value defined in advance or set by system information block (e.g., SIB)/radio resource control (e.g., RRC), etc., or base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH)/base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) decoding/processing time). This may be to allow the terminal to determine whether to perform a reception operation for a repeat mode or a reception operation for a single transmission by ensuring that the corresponding base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) is received and decoded before performing a reception operation for a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH).

For example, the repetition method and/or repetition count for the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) may be configured via a system information block (e.g., SIB) and/or radio resource control (e.g., RRC) per search space, per control resource set (e.g., CORESET), and/or per aggregation level for the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) corresponding to the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH). For example, the repetition method and/or repetition count for the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) may be determined based on reception of a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) corresponding to the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH).

For example, the repetition method and/or repetition count of a base station-to-user equipment physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) for a random access response (e.g., RAR) and/or a fourth message (e.g., Msg4) may be set via a system information block (e.g., SIB) and/or radio resource control (e.g., RRC) by repetition count or repetition group of the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) corresponding to the random access response (e.g., RAR) and/or the fourth message (e.g., Msg4), or may use the same repetition count. For example, if the number of repetitions of a physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) corresponding to the random access response (e.g., RAR) and/or the fourth message (e.g., Msg4) is plural, the number of repetitions of the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) may be determined based on a minimum value, a maximum value, or an average value among various numbers of repetitions of the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH). For example, when the number of repetitions of a physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) corresponding to the random access response (e.g., RAR) and/or the fourth message (e.g., Msg4) is plural, the number of repetitions of the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) may be determined based on a minimum value, a maximum value, or an average value among various numbers of repetitions of the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH). For example, when the number of repetitions of a physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) corresponding to the random access response (e.g., RAR) and/or the fourth message (e.g., Msg4) is plural, the number of repetitions of a base station-to-user physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) may be determined based on the number of repetitions of the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH).

For example, the repetition method and/or repetition count of the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) for the 4th message (e.g., Msg4) may be set by the repetition count of the terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) of the 3rd message (e.g., Msg3) corresponding to the 4th message (e.g., Msg4) or by a system information block (e.g., SIB) and/or radio resource control (e.g., RRC) by repetition group, or may use the same repetition count.

For example, the repetition method and/or repetition count of the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) for the fourth message (e.g., Msg4) can be indicated using a specific field of the base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) that schedules the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) of the fourth message (e.g., Msg4). For example, a specific field of the base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) may be a base station-to-terminal communication assignment index (e.g., DAI; downlink assignment index) field, and/or the base station-to-terminal communication assignment index (e.g., DAI) field may jointly indicate a repetition method and/or a repetition count for a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) of the fourth message (e.g., Msg4) and/or a repetition method and/or a repetition count of a terminal-to-base station physical control channel (e.g., PUCCH) corresponding to the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) of the fourth message (e.g., Msg4).

For example, if a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) for a random access response (e.g., RAR) includes random access response (e.g., RAR) data (e.g., MAC PDU) for (at least) the case where the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) is repeated, the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) may be repeatedly transmitted for the entire random access response (e.g., RAR). For example, in the case of the random access response (e.g., RAR) data (e.g., MAC PDU) for the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) that does not perform repetition in the above case, if it is multiplexed with the random access response (e.g., RAR) data (e.g., MAC PDU) for other physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) repetitions, it can become a repeated transmission on the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH). Through this, the terminal can perform soft/chase combining even for the initial transmission for the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) repetitions to improve the decoding performance.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a base station-to-user equipment physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) for a random access response (e.g., RAR) may be repeatedly transmitted for all or part of the random access response (e.g., RAR) data (e.g., PDUs) for cases where the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) is repeated. For example, in the case of random access response (e.g., RAR) data (e.g., MAC PDU) for a physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) that does not perform repetition in the above case, only the random access response (e.g., RAR) data (e.g., MAC PDU) for the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) repetition may be multiplexed to become the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) repetition transmission without being included in the subsequent base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) repetition transmission.

For example, a base station-to-user equipment physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) for a random access response (e.g., RAR) may be repeatedly transmitted for all or part of the random access response (e.g., RAR) data (e.g., PDUs) corresponding thereto by the number of repetitions of the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) or by repetition groups (respectively).

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of repetitions of a physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) may be the number of repetitions of an actual physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) transmission of a physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) corresponding to a random access response (e.g., RAR) and/or a fourth message (e.g., Msg4), and/or may mean a candidate value of the number of repetitions that can be used in physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) transmission, or a minimum or maximum value thereof, depending on a reference signal received power (e.g., RSRP) measurement value and a reference signal received power (e.g., RSRP) threshold setting, etc.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when a repetition method and/or repetition count of a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) is indicated through base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI), it may be indicated in a form that reuses some of the reserved bit fields in the base station-to-terminal control information format (e.g., DCI format) and/or that repetition information and/or repetition count information is included in information corresponding to each row indicated by time domain resource assignment.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, for a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) scheduled with non-fallback base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI), repetition of the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) for fallback base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) may also be applied (at least before aggregated slot information of base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) is configured via radio resource control (e.g., RRC)).

For example, the terminal may report to the base station information related to the need for repetition transmission and/or (preferred) repetition count for a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) including system information (e.g., SI), paging, random access response (e.g., RAR), and/or a fourth message (e.g., Msg4). For example, the repetition information related report may be determined by the base station based on the base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL RS)-based reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) and/or reference signal reception quality (e.g., RSRQ) report of the terminal.

Meanwhile, in areas where the motion signal-to-interference-noise ratio (e.g., SINR) is low, the repetition gain may be higher than the coding gain, and thus, it may be advantageous to change the redundancy version (e.g., RV) setting between repetitions of the base station-to-user physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH).

For example, when a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) is repeated, the same redundancy version (e.g., RV) value may be applied to every N (consecutive) base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) repetitions. For example, the redundancy version (e.g., RV) value and/or pattern may be indicated in base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) and/or may be set via radio resource control (e.g., RRC). For example, the N value may be indicated in base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) and/or may be set via radio resource control (e.g., RRC).

For example, the above consecutive base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) repetitions may target a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) transmitted by an actual base station, and/or may target a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) allocated for base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) repetitions according to base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) scheduling/semi-persistent scheduling (e.g., SPS) activation.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of performing base station-to-terminal physical shared channel repetition in a random access procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 8, in step S810, the terminal may transmit a first message to the base station. For example, the first message may be a random access preamble. In step S820, the base station may transmit a second message to the terminal. For example, the second message may be a response to the first message. For example, the second message may be a random access response.

In step S830, the terminal can transmit a third message to the base station. For example, the third message can be a resource-based transmission scheduled by the second message. In step S840, the base station can transmit a fourth message to the terminal. For example, the fourth message can be a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) transmission. In this case, the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) transmission transmitted here can be transmitted repeatedly. For example, the repeated transmission of the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) performed here (or, the repetition of the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH)) can be performed according to various methods described in the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates a repetition of a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 9, resources (resource A, resource B, resource C, and resource D) on which base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) repetition is performed are shown. A base station (e.g., a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN)) can transmit the same data (e.g., MAC PDU) to a terminal through the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) using the above resources. The above operation may be referred to as base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) repetition. For example, all redundant versions (e.g., RV) associated with each of the transmissions performed in the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) repetition may be the same.

The above proposed method can be applied to the device described below. First, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP; bandwidth part). Then, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) and/or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

A non terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) environment may mean a case where a base station or a network does not exist on the ground (e.g., a base station or a network is in orbit). In this case, in a non terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) environment, a detection performance for a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) including a fourth message (e.g., MSG4; message 4) related to a random access procedure may be degraded. In addition, according to the existing technology, a field that can indicate whether to apply a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) repetition operation may not be included in base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) that schedules a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) including a fourth message (e.g., MSG4) related to a random access procedure.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when communication is performed between a base station and a terminal, redundancy versions (e.g., RV; redundancy version) associated with a plurality of transmissions may be the same. For example, the number of transmissions having the same redundancy version (e.g., RV) may be set (to the terminal) via base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) or RRC. For example, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the terminal may report to the base station whether repetition of a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) including a fourth message (e.g., MSG4) associated with a random access procedure is supported via a third message (e.g., Msg3) associated with a random access procedure. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a repetition of a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) including a fourth message (e.g., MSG4) associated with a random access procedure and a number of feedback repetitions (e.g., HARQ-ACK feedback repetition number) for the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) including a fourth message (e.g., MSG4) associated with a random access procedure can be jointly indicated through a base station-to-terminal communication allocation index (e.g., DAI; downlink assignment index) field of base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) scheduling a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) including a fourth message (e.g., MSG4) associated with a random access procedure.

According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, smoother communication can be enabled by prioritizing repetition gain in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) environment where the signal-to-interference-noise ratio (e.g., SINR) is likely to be low. For example, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, repetition of a base station-to-user equipment physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) including a fourth message (e.g., MSG4) related to a random access procedure can be efficiently performed.

FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 10, in step S1010, the first device can obtain information about a plurality of resources. In step S1020, the first device can perform a plurality of communication operations based on the plurality of resources. For example, redundancy versions associated with a plurality of transmissions associated with the plurality of communication operations can be the same.

For example, the plurality of communication operations may include repeated transmission operations for the same data.

For example, for example, additionally, the first device can receive information related to whether the repeated transmission operations are performed from the base station, via base station-to-device control information or radio resource control signaling. For example, the plurality of communication operations can be performed based on the information related to whether the repeated transmission operations are performed.

For example, the number of the plurality of resources and the number of the plurality of communication operations may be the same.

For example, for example, additionally, the first device can receive information related to the number of the plurality of communication operations from the base station via base station-to-device control information or radio resource control signaling. For example, the plurality of communication operations can be performed as many times as the number of the plurality of communication operations.

For example, additionally, the first device may transmit information related to a preferred repetition number to the base station. For example, information related to the number of the plurality of operations may be determined based on information related to the preferred repetition number.

For example, the plurality of communication operations may be receiving operations related to base station-to-device communications.

For example, a base station associated with the base station-to-device communication may be included in a non-terrestrial network.

For example, additionally, the first device can transmit information related to whether repeat transmission is necessary to the base station associated with the base station-to-device communication. For example, receiving operations related to the base station-to-device communication can be performed based on the information related to whether repeat transmission is necessary.

For example, the plurality of communication operations may be transmission operations related to device-to-base station communication.

For example, the plurality of communication operations may be transmission operations or reception operations related to device-to-device communication.

For example, the above multiple communication operations may be operations related to a random access procedure.

The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain information on a plurality of resources. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to perform a plurality of communication operations based on the plurality of resources. For example, the redundancy versions associated with the plurality of transmissions associated with the plurality of communication operations can be the same.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: obtain information about a plurality of resources; and perform a plurality of communication operations based on the plurality of resources, wherein redundancy versions associated with a plurality of transmissions associated with the plurality of communication operations may be identical.

For example, the plurality of communication operations may include repeated transmission operations for the same data.

For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive, from a base station, information related to whether the repetitive transmission operations are performed via base station-to-device control information or radio resource control signaling. For example, the plurality of communication operations may be performed based on the information related to whether the repetitive transmission operations are performed.

For example, the number of the plurality of resources and the number of the plurality of communication operations may be the same.

For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive, from the base station, information related to the number of the plurality of communication operations via base station-to-device control information or radio resource control signaling. For example, the plurality of communication operations may be performed as many times as the number of the plurality of communication operations.

For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: transmit information related to a preferred repetition count to the base station. For example, information related to a number of the plurality of operations may be determined based on the information related to the preferred repetition count.

For example, the plurality of communication operations may be receiving operations related to base station-to-device communications.

For example, a base station associated with the base station-to-device communication may be included in a non-terrestrial network.

For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: transmit information related to whether repeat transmission is necessary to a base station associated with the base station-to-device communication. For example, receiving operations related to the base station-to-device communication may be performed based on the information related to whether repeat transmission is necessary.

For example, the plurality of communication operations may be transmission operations related to device-to-base station communication.

For example, the plurality of communication operations may be transmission operations or reception operations related to device-to-device communication.

For example, the above multiple communication operations may be operations related to a random access procedure.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: obtain information about a plurality of resources; and perform a plurality of communication operations based on the plurality of resources, wherein redundancy versions associated with a plurality of transmissions associated with the plurality of communication operations may be identical.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, cause a first device to: obtain information about a plurality of resources; and perform a plurality of communication operations based on the plurality of resources, wherein redundancy versions associated with a plurality of transmissions associated with the plurality of communication operations may be identical.

FIG. 11 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 11, in step S1110, the second device can transmit information about a plurality of resources to the first device. In step S1120, the second device can perform a plurality of base station-to-device transmission operations based on the plurality of resources. For example, redundancy versions associated with the plurality of base station-to-device transmission operations can be the same.

For example, the plurality of base station-to-device transmission operations may be repeated transmissions of the same base station-to-device physical shared channel transmission.

The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit information about a plurality of resources to the first device (100). Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to perform a plurality of base station-to-device transmission operations based on the plurality of resources. For example, the redundancy versions associated with the plurality of base station-to-device transmission operations can be the same.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: transmit information about a plurality of resources to a first device; and perform a plurality of base station-to-device transmission operations based on the plurality of resources, wherein redundancy versions associated with the plurality of base station-to-device transmission operations may be the same.

For example, the plurality of base station-to-device transmission operations may be repeated transmissions of the same base station-to-device physical shared channel transmission.

The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

Below, devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied are described.

Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication/connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings/descriptions below, the same drawing symbols may illustrate identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

Fig. 12 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 12 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 12, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device means a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device/server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and/or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR)/Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) may act as a base station/network node to other wireless devices.

Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, the LTE-M technology may be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, the ZigBee technology can create PAN (personal area networks) related to small/low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be called by various names.

Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200)/network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station/network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g. V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle)/V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

Wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a to 100f)/base stations (200), and base stations (200)/base stations (200). Here, the wireless communication/connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through the wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c), a wireless device and a base station/wireless device, and a base station and a base station can transmit/receive wireless signals to/from each other. For example, the wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting/receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 13, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and/or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 12.

For example, the description of the first wireless device (or, device) and the second wireless device (or, device) below may be extended to the third wireless device (300) (or, device) or a wireless device (or, device) corresponding to a subsequent reference number. For example, the reference number of the processor of the third wireless device (300) may be 302, and the reference number of the transceiver may be 306.

A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and/or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and/or the transceiver (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal via the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information/signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software codes including instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and/or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) may be configured to control the memories (204) and/or the transceivers (206), and implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information/signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signals via the transceivers (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information/signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software codes including instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, suggestions and/or methodologies disclosed herein and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

The one or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. The one or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more of the following: included in one or more processors (102, 202), or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more of the processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.

One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and/or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be comprised of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and/or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as described in the methods and/or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, and the like, as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas, or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202). For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and/or filter.

FIG. 14 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 14, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations/functions of FIG. 14 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and/or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 13. The hardware elements of FIG. 14 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and/or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 13. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 13. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 13, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 13.

The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of Fig. 14. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include a transport block (e.g., UL-SCH transport block, DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation scheme may include pi/2-BPSK (pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include a plurality of symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 14. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 13) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port/transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scramble process. The codeword can be restored to an original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler and a decoder.

FIG. 15 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-case/service (see FIG. 12). The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 15, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 13 and may be composed of various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and/or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 13. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and/or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 13. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls overall operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control electrical/mechanical operations of the wireless device based on programs/codes/commands/information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless/wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless/wired interface in the memory unit (130).

The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit (I/O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (FIG. 12, 100a), a vehicle (FIG. 12, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (FIG. 12, 100c), a portable device (FIG. 12, 100d), a home appliance (FIG. 12, 100e), an IoT device (FIG. 12, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, an AI server/device (FIG. 12, 400), a base station (FIG. 12, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary, depending on the use/service.

In FIG. 15, various elements, components, units/parts, and/or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit/part, and/or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an ECU (Electronic Control Unit), a graphic processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a RAM (Random Access Memory), a DRAM (Dynamic RAM), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

Below, an implementation example of Fig. 15 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 16 illustrates a portable device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, a smart glass), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The portable device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 16, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input/output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130/140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 15, respectively.

The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands required for operating the portable device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input/output data/information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and can include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input/output ports, video input/output ports) for connection with external devices. The input/output unit (140c) can input or output image information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or information input from a user. The input/output unit (140c) can include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in the case of data communication, the input/output unit (140c) obtains information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information/signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information/signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information/signals. The restored information/signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input/output unit (140c).

FIG. 17 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned/unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 17, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110/130/140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110/130/140 of FIG. 15, respectively.

The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), servers, etc. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward/backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the driving unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed/direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly/periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information during autonomous driving. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the newly acquired data/information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information on the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to an external server. An external server can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc. based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

The claims set forth in this disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method. In addition, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims (20)

In terms of method, A step of obtaining information about multiple resources; and Including a step of performing multiple communication operations based on the above multiple resources, The redundancy versions associated with the plurality of transmissions associated with the plurality of communication operations are identical, method. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the plurality of communication operations include repetitive transmission operations for the same data. In the second paragraph, Further comprising a step of receiving information related to whether the above repetitive transmission operations are performed through base station-to-device control information or radio resource control signaling from the base station, A method wherein the above multiple communication operations are performed based on information related to whether the above repeated transmission operations are performed. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the number of the plurality of resources and the number of the plurality of communication operations are the same. In paragraph 1, Further comprising a step of receiving information related to the number of the plurality of communication operations from a base station via base station-to-device control information or radio resource control signaling, A method in which the above plurality of communication operations are performed as many times as the number of the above plurality of communication operations. In paragraph 5, Further comprising the step of transmitting information related to the preferred repetition number to the base station, A method wherein information related to the number of the above multiple operations is determined based on information related to the preferred number of repetitions. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above plurality of communication operations are receiving operations related to base station-to-device communication. In paragraph 7, A method wherein the base station associated with the base station-to-device communication is included in a non-terrestrial network. In paragraph 7, Further comprising a step of transmitting information related to whether repeat transmission is necessary to a base station related to the base station-to-device communication, A method wherein receiving operations related to the base station-to-device communication are performed based on information related to whether the repeated transmission is necessary. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above multiple communication operations are transmission operations related to device-to-base station communication. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above multiple communication operations are transmission operations or reception operations related to device-to-device communication. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above multiple communication operations are operations related to a random access procedure. In paragraph 1, A method, wherein the above method is performed by a first device. In the first device, At least one transceiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory coupled to said at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: To obtain information about multiple resources; and To perform multiple communication operations based on the above multiple resources, The redundancy versions associated with the plurality of transmissions associated with the plurality of communication operations are identical, first device. In a processing device set to control a first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory coupled to said at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: To obtain information about multiple resources; and To perform multiple communication operations based on the above multiple resources, The redundancy versions associated with the plurality of transmissions associated with the plurality of communication operations are identical, processing device. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having commands recorded thereon, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: To obtain information about multiple resources; and To perform multiple communication operations based on the above multiple resources, Redundancy versions associated with the plurality of transmissions associated with the plurality of communication operations are identical, non-transitory computer-readable storage media. In terms of method, a step of transmitting information about a plurality of resources to a first device; and Comprising a step of performing a plurality of base station-to-device transmission operations based on the above plurality of resources, The redundancy versions associated with the above multiple base station-to-device transmission operations are identical, method. In Article 17, A method wherein the above multiple base station-to-device transmission operations are repeated transmissions of the same base station-to-device physical shared channel transmission. In the second device, At least one transceiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory coupled to said at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: To transmit information about multiple resources to the first device; and To perform multiple base station-to-device transmission operations based on the above multiple resources, The redundancy versions associated with the above multiple base station-to-device transmission operations are identical, second device. In Article 19, A second device, wherein the above multiple base station-to-device transmission operations are repeated transmissions of the same base station-to-device physical shared channel transmission.