WO2025148196A1 - Use of microalgae extract for promoting absorption and permeation through blood-brain barrier of fatty acid and composition thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is use of a microalgae extract for promoting the absorption and permeation through the blood-brain barrier of a fatty acid and a composition thereof. The microalgae extract comprises a polar lipid in a proportion of 30% to 99.9%. The fatty acid is a fatty acid contained in a non-microalgae extract. The provided use of the microalgae extract for promoting the absorption and permeation through the blood-brain barrier of a fatty acid and the composition thereof can, by means of the cooperation of the microalgae extract and the fatty acid, promote the absorption of the fatty acid in a user, and particularly, increase the content of the fatty acid in the heart and the brain.

Description

Application of a microalgae extract for promoting fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier and a composition thereof Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of biomedicine industry, and specifically to an application of a microalgae extract and a composition thereof for promoting fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier.

Background Art

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective barrier located between the endothelial cells of brain blood vessels that controls the entry of substances from the blood into brain tissue. This barrier is essential for protecting the brain from harmful substances, but it also restricts the entry of certain beneficial substances (such as essential fatty acids) into the brain.

Essential fatty acids (such as Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids) are essential for brain development and function. Taking DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) as an example, studies have shown that DHA plays a significant role in the development of children's brains and the maintenance of adult brain function. Adequate DHA levels help reduce cognitive decline and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. However, since the brain itself cannot synthesize new DHA, it means that the brain must absorb DHA from the blood through the blood-brain barrier. The efficiency of DHA crossing the BBB is low, and its concentration in the brain is often limited.

Currently, the commonly used method to increase the fatty acid content in the human body is to provide the user with a preparation containing fatty acids to increase the fatty acid content in the user's body. However, the body's own absorption rate of fatty acids is often not high, and only a small part of the fatty acids in the preparation may enter the human body.

Summary of the invention

The present disclosure is made in view of the above-mentioned prior art conditions, and its purpose is to provide a microalgae extract and application of a composition thereof that can promote fatty acid absorption and cross the blood-brain barrier.

To this end, the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a use of a microalgae extract in promoting fatty acid absorption and/or fatty acid crossing the blood-brain barrier, wherein the microalgae extract contains polar lipids, the polar lipids account for 30% to 99.9% of the microalgae extract, and the fatty acids are fatty acids that are not native to the microalgae extract.

In the first aspect of the present disclosure, it is verified that microalgae extracts can promote fatty acid absorption and promote fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier, wherein polar lipids in microalgae extracts play an important role in helping fatty acids cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The applicant has found in the study that polar lipids may be by increasing the solubility of fatty acids and improving their transport efficiency in the blood, and promoting fatty acids and polar lipids to synthesize hemolytic polar lipids in the body, thereby enhancing the transmembrane transport of fatty acids. Thus, it is possible to provide a microalgae extract for use in promoting fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier. By using the microalgae extract of the present disclosure in combination with fatty acids, it can help promote the user's absorption of fatty acids, especially increase the fatty acid content in the heart and brain.

In the application of the first aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and/or betaine esters. In this case, the microalgae extract is rich in phospholipids, glycolipids and/or betaine esters, wherein some of the phospholipids and betaine esters are lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters, and most of the lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters can bind to the active transport protein Mfsd2a on vascular cells and be directly transported, thereby helping to improve the absorption of fatty acids and the efficiency of fatty acids crossing the blood-brain barrier; other phospholipids and betaine esters can be converted into lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and/or liver and then transported and absorbed.

In the application of the first aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the fatty acids are any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6). In this case, after the microalgae extract and the raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives are physically mixed, they reach the small intestine and/or liver through digestion and absorption. The fatty acids or lipid derivatives in the raw materials are assembled into lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and/or liver, and can be transported and absorbed by the brain. Compared with the scheme that requires chemical synthesis of lysopolar lipids in vitro before use or the scheme of chemically modifying fatty acids in the prior art, the scheme of using after physical mixing can simplify the process, improve preparation efficiency and reduce costs, and does not require the addition of additional process additives, which can reduce the risk of solvent residues. Therefore, the microalgae extract can promote the absorption of fatty acids and cross the blood-brain barrier to promote the absorption of fatty acids or lipid derivatives by users.

In the application of the first aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1 to 50): (1 to 50), and the lipid derivative is selected from any one or more of glyceride fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, phospholipid fatty acids, glycolipid fatty acids, sterol ester fatty acids and/or sphingolipid fatty acids. In this case, after the microalgae extract and the raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives are physically mixed, they reach the small intestine and/or liver through digestion and absorption. The fatty acids or lipid derivatives in the raw materials are assembled into lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and/or liver, and can be transported and absorbed by the brain. Compared with the scheme that requires chemical synthesis of lysopolar lipids in vitro before use or the scheme of chemically modifying fatty acids in the prior art, the scheme of using after physical mixing can simplify the process, improve preparation efficiency and reduce costs, and does not require the addition of additional process additives, which can reduce the risk of solvent residues. Therefore, the microalgae extract can promote the absorption of fatty acids and cross the blood-brain barrier to promote the absorption of fatty acids or lipid derivatives by users.

In the application of the first aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from blue algae, green algae or red algae.

In the application of the first aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from any one or more of Nannochloropsis, Heteroglea, Phaeochromis triangularis, Nitzschia crescentica, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphericalensis, Chlorella, Dunaliella and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

The second aspect of the present disclosure provides an application of a microalgae extract in increasing the fatty acid content in the heart, characterized in that the microalgae extract contains polar lipids, the polar lipids account for 30% to 99.9% of the microalgae extract, and the fatty acids are fatty acids that are not inherent in the microalgae extract. In the second aspect of the present disclosure, the polar lipids in the microalgae extract play an important role in helping fatty acid absorption and promoting fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier, and can help increase the fatty acid content in the heart. Thus, an application of a microalgae extract in increasing the fatty acid content in the heart can be provided.

In the application of the second aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and/or betaine esters.

In the application of the second aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the fatty acids are any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6).

In the application of the second aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1 to 50): (1 to 50), and the lipid derivative is selected from any one or more of glyceride fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, phospholipid fatty acids, glycolipid fatty acids, sterol ester fatty acids and/or sphingolipid fatty acids.

In the application of the second aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from blue algae, green algae or red algae.

In the application of the second aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from any one or more of Nannochloropsis, Heteroglea, Phaeochromis triangularis, Nitzschia crescentica, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphericalensis, Chlorella, Dunaliella and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

The third aspect of the present disclosure provides an application of a microalgae extract in increasing the fatty acid content in the brain, characterized in that the microalgae extract contains polar lipids, the polar lipids account for 30% to 99.9% of the microalgae extract, and the fatty acids are fatty acids that are not inherent in the microalgae extract. In the third aspect of the present disclosure, the polar lipids in the microalgae extract play an important role in helping fatty acid absorption and promoting fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier, and can help increase the fatty acid content in the brain. Thus, an application of a microalgae extract in increasing the fatty acid content in the brain can be provided.

In the application of the third aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and/or betaine esters.

In the application of the third aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the fatty acids are any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6).

In the application of the third aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1 to 50): (1 to 50), and the lipid derivative is selected from any one or more of glyceride fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, phospholipid fatty acids, glycolipid fatty acids, sterol ester fatty acids and/or sphingolipid fatty acids.

In the application of the third aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from blue algae, green algae or red algae.

In the application of the third aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from any one or more of Nannochloropsis, Heteroglea, Phaeochromis triangularis, Nitzschia crescentica, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphericalensis, Chlorella, Dunaliella and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

The fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a microalgae extract and fatty acids not contained in the microalgae extract, wherein the microalgae extract contains polar lipids, and the polar lipids account for 30% to 99.9% of the microalgae extract. In the third aspect of the present disclosure, the microalgae extract containing polar lipids can promote fatty acid absorption and cross the blood-brain barrier, so the composition containing the microalgae extract and fatty acids can have a strong absorption rate and can have a better effect when used, especially, it can significantly increase the content of total fatty acids and target fatty acids in the brain and heart.

In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and/or betaine esters.

In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the fatty acids are any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6).

In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1 to 50): (1 to 50), and the lipid derivative is selected from any one or more of glyceride fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, phospholipid fatty acids, glycolipid fatty acids, sterol ester fatty acids and/or sphingolipid fatty acids.

In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from blue algae, green algae or red algae.

In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from any one or more of Nannochloropsis, Heteroglea, Phaeochromis triangularis, Nitzschia crescentus, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphericalensis, Chlorella, Dunaliella and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the composition is food, medicine, health product, animal nutrition or veterinary medicine, and the composition also contains auxiliary materials permitted for use by pharmacy, ordinary food, health food or special medical food regulations.

In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the composition is used in the preparation of a preparation for improving brain function and/or improving eye function. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby helping to improve brain function and improve eye function.

In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the preparation for improving brain function includes any one or more of the preparations for improving cognitive dysfunction, alleviating neurodegenerative lesions, alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alleviating depression, alleviating anxiety, alleviating brain inflammation, developing intelligence in young children, improving Alzheimer's disease and related symptoms, and improving depression. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby being able to help improve cognitive dysfunction, alleviating neurodegenerative lesions, alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alleviating depression, alleviating anxiety, alleviating brain inflammation, developing intelligence in young children, improving Alzheimer's disease and related symptoms, and improving depression.

In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the preparation for improving eye function includes any one or more of preparations for alleviating dry eye, reducing retinopathy, reducing corneal problems, alleviating age-related macular degeneration, and preventing and treating children's vision development problems. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby being able to help alleviate dry eye, reduce retinopathy, reduce corneal problems, alleviate age-related macular degeneration, and prevent and treat children's vision development problems.

In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the composition is used to prepare a preparation for preventing hypertension, preventing coronary heart disease, slowing the progression of heart failure, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis, promoting recovery after myocardial infarction, and/or promoting myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby being able to help prevent hypertension, prevent coronary heart disease, slow the progression of heart failure, slow the progression of atherosclerosis, promote recovery after myocardial infarction, and promote myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function.

In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the composition is used to prepare a preparation for enhancing brain cell growth regulation, improving cognitive function, promoting nutritional supplementation, inhibiting inflammation and/or inhibiting cell apoptosis. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby helping to enhance brain cell growth regulation, improve cognitive function, promote nutritional supplementation, inhibit inflammation and inhibit cell apoptosis.

According to the present disclosure, a microalgae extract and a composition thereof that can promote fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier can be provided. By using the microalgae extract of the present disclosure in combination with fatty acids, it can help promote the user's absorption of fatty acids, especially increase the fatty acid content in the heart and brain.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a method for extracting a microalgae extract according to an example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a volcano plot showing the proteomic and bioinformatics analysis of Example 1 and a blank group according to the examples of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a heat map showing the proteomic and bioinformatics analysis of Example 1 and a blank group according to the examples of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing pathways identified by GO enrichment analysis of proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of Example 1 and a blank group according to the examples of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present disclosure provides an application of a microalgae extract in promoting fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier. In the present disclosure, it is verified that the microalgae extract can promote fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, an application of a microalgae extract in promoting fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier can be provided. By using the microalgae extract of the present disclosure in combination with fatty acids, it can help to increase the fatty acid content in the brain. The present disclosure can also provide an application of a microalgae extract in the preparation of a preparation that promotes fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier. In the present disclosure, the microalgae extract can also be referred to as an algae extract.

The present disclosure also provides an application of a microalgae extract in promoting fatty acid absorption. In the present disclosure, it is verified that the microalgae extract can promote fatty acid absorption, and therefore, an application of a microalgae extract in promoting fatty acid absorption can be provided. By using the microalgae extract of the present disclosure in combination with fatty acids, it can help promote fatty acid absorption. The present disclosure can also provide an application of a microalgae extract in the preparation of a preparation for promoting fatty acid absorption. In the present disclosure, "promoting fatty acid absorption" means promoting the user to absorb fatty acids.

The present disclosure also provides an application of a microalgae extract in increasing the fatty acid content in the brain. In the present disclosure, it is verified that the microalgae extract can promote fatty acid absorption and promote fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier, which can help increase the fatty acid content in the heart. Therefore, an application of a microalgae extract in increasing the fatty acid content in the heart can be provided. In addition, the present disclosure can also provide an application of a microalgae extract in preparing a preparation for increasing the fatty acid content in the heart.

The present disclosure also provides an application of a microalgae extract in increasing the fatty acid content in the brain. In the present disclosure, it is verified that the microalgae extract can promote fatty acid absorption and promote fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier, which can help increase the fatty acid content in the brain. Therefore, an application of a microalgae extract in increasing the fatty acid content in the brain can be provided. In addition, the present disclosure can also provide an application of a microalgae extract in preparing a preparation for increasing the fatty acid content in the brain.

The present disclosure also provides a composition, which includes microalgae extracts and fatty acids that are naturally present in non-microalgae extracts (hereinafter referred to as non-natural fatty acids). In the present disclosure, it is verified that microalgae extracts can promote fatty acid absorption and promote fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, the composition containing microalgae extracts and fatty acids can have a strong absorption rate and can have a better effect when used. In particular, it can significantly increase the content of total fatty acids and target fatty acids in the brain and heart. In the present disclosure, "the composition has a strong absorption rate" means that when the composition is applied to the user, the user has a good absorption efficiency of the composition.

The present disclosure also provides a microalgae extract that promotes fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier. The microalgae extract may contain polar lipids. The polar lipids in the microalgae extract play an important role in helping fatty acids cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thereby providing a microalgae extract that can promote fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier.

At present, the common method is to use algae oil rich in fatty acids (such as EPA) extracted from algae as a fatty acid supplement. However, in the present invention, the applicant has found that microalgae extracts can be used as a promoter to promote the absorption of fatty acids in combination with other fatty acids (i.e., non-self-contained fatty acids, also known as exogenous fatty acids). The use of microalgae extracts from natural sources in combination with fatty acids in the present invention provides a new solution for users to absorb fatty acids more safely and effectively.

Hereinafter, the application of the microalgae extract and the composition thereof involved in the present disclosure will be described in detail.

In the present disclosure, the microalgae extract may contain polar lipids. In the present disclosure, it is verified that the microalgae extract can promote the absorption of fatty acids and cross the blood-brain barrier, wherein polar lipids play an important role in helping fatty acids cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The applicant found in the study that polar lipids may be by increasing the solubility of fatty acids and improving their transport efficiency in the blood, and promoting the synthesis of lysotropic polar lipids by fatty acids and polar lipids in the body, thereby enhancing the transmembrane transport of fatty acids. Thus, it is possible to provide a microalgae extract for use in promoting the absorption of fatty acids and crossing the blood-brain barrier. By using the microalgae extract of the present disclosure in combination with fatty acids, it can help promote the user's absorption of fatty acids, especially increase the fatty acid content in the heart and brain. In some examples, the microalgae extract may contain lipid substances. Among them, the lipid substance may have polar lipids.

In the present disclosure, polar lipids are a class of lipid molecules containing polar groups. These polar groups make polar lipids have a certain solubility or hydrophilicity in water, while their hydrophobic fatty acid chains make them lipophilic in non-polar environments. Polar lipids are usually composed of two parts: one or more long-chain fatty acids (hydrophobic part) and a head containing polar groups (hydrophilic part). When a fatty acid at the SN1 or SN2 position of a glyceride-type polar lipid is removed, a hemolytic polar lipid can be obtained.

In the present disclosure, fatty acid refers not only to fatty acid in the general sense, but also to other substances containing fatty acid groups. For example, fatty acid can be unmodified free fatty acid, modified fatty acid, and fatty acid connected to its lipid structure. For example, fatty acid of the present disclosure can also include fatty acid connected to triglyceride or polar lipid.

In some examples, the microalgae extract may contain any one or more of DGTS: diacylglycerol trimethyl homoserine, LDGTS: lysodiacylglycerol trimethyl homoserine, Cer: ceramide, MGDG: monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, DGDG: digalactosyl diacylglycerol, SQDG: thioisosorhamnosyl diacylglycerol, DGGA: diacylglycerol glucuronic acid, CE: cholesterol ester, CL: cardiolipin, LPA: lysophosphatidic acid, LPE: lysophosphatidylethanolamine, LPG: lysophosphatidylglycerol, LPC: lysophosphatidylcholine, LPI: lysophosphatidylinositol, PE: phosphatidylethanolamine, PG: phosphatidylglycerol, PI: phosphatidylinositol, PC: phosphatidylcholine, and PI-Cer: inositolphosphoceramide. In this case, these components are polar lipids that can help promote fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier.

In some examples, the microalgae extract may contain any one or more of FFA: free fatty acids, MG: monoglycerides, DG: diglycerides, and TG: triglycerides.

In some examples, the microalgae extract may contain phospholipids, glycolipids and/or betaine esters. In this case, the microalgae extract is rich in phospholipids, glycolipids and/or betaine esters, wherein some of the phospholipids and betaine esters are lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters, most of which can bind to the active transport protein Mfsd2a on vascular cells and be directly transported, thereby helping to improve the absorption of fatty acids and the efficiency of fatty acids crossing the blood-brain barrier; other phospholipids and betaine esters can be converted into lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and/or liver and then transported and absorbed.

In some examples, the phospholipids may include lysophospholipids, thereby facilitating fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier. In some examples, the betaine esters may include lysobetaine esters, thereby facilitating fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier.

In some examples, polar lipids may include phospholipids, glycolipids and/or betaine esters. Among them, a portion of phospholipids and betaine esters may be lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters. In this case, the microalgae extract is rich in lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters, most of which can bind to the active transport protein Mfsd2a on vascular cells and be directly transported, thereby helping to improve the efficiency of fatty acids crossing the blood-brain barrier; other phospholipids and betaine esters can be converted into lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and/or liver and then transported and absorbed.

In some examples, preferably, the microalgae extract may contain lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters. The molecules transported by the active transporter Mfsd2a on vascular cells must have two structural characteristics: one is to have a polar head containing both positively charged groups and negatively charged groups, and the other is to have a non-polar long chain of at least 14 carbons. Lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the microalgae extracts meet this structural feature. Most of the lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the microalgae extracts rich in lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters disclosed in the present invention can be directly transported, and other phospholipids and betaine esters can be converted into lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and/or liver and then transported and absorbed. After the raw material containing fatty acids is physically mixed with the microalgae extract, it reaches the small intestine and/or liver through digestion and absorption, and is assembled on lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and/or liver, and can be transported and absorbed by the brain.

In addition, as key components of cell membranes, lysophospholipids are essential for fatty acid absorption and translocation across cell membranes, and they are also involved in the formation of lipoproteins, which is an important mechanism for fatty acid transport in the body. This mechanism not only improves the bioavailability of fatty acids in the body, especially in the brain, but also has significant importance in maintaining brain health and function, especially in neuroprotection and cognitive function.

The transport mechanism of fatty acids in organisms is as follows: In general, non-polar lipid fatty acids (such as triglycerides) are hydrolyzed into free fatty acids and glycerol by pancreatic lipase and other digestive enzymes (such as intestinal lipase) in the intestine. The free fatty acids and glycerol produced by hydrolysis are absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells and re-esterified in the endoplasmic reticulum to form triglycerides. Newly synthesized triglycerides combine with cholesterol, lipoproteins and other lipids to form cholesterol esters, generate chylomicrons, and are transported through the lymphatic system, bypassing the portal vein system and directly entering the blood circulation. In places where lipid metabolism is active, such as the brain, liver, and heart, the fatty acids on these triglycerides, especially unsaturated fatty acids, may be connected to polar lipids such as phospholipids through the phospholipid remodeling pathway of the Lands cycle, and then lysophospholipids are generated by phospholipases and other methods, and then transported to the brain. Polar lipid fatty acids such as phospholipids and betaine esters are converted into free fatty acids and lysopolar lipids by phospholipases in the small intestine and absorbed by small intestinal cells. Lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters can be directly absorbed by small intestinal cells. When triglyceride fatty acids and polar lipids containing phospholipids and/or betaine esters are mixed and ingested, they are digested and absorbed in the small intestine at the same time. During the lipid reorganization process, triglyceride-derived fatty acids can be provided with more opportunities to connect to polar lipids such as phospholipids or betaine esters, thereby increasing the probability of these fatty acids being transported to the brain as lysotropic polar lipids.

The effects and advantages of microalgae extract in promoting fatty acid digestion and absorption are as follows:

(1) Emulsified lipids: Lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters act as emulsifiers to form an emulsified mixture of lipid substances containing fatty acids in water, making them hydrophilic. This process is called emulsification, which is similar to the principle of soap washing grease. Through emulsification, large pieces of fat are pried apart into small oil droplets, increasing the surface area in contact with digestive enzymes and facilitating the action of lipase.

(2) Improve digestibility: Emulsified lipids are more susceptible to digestive enzymes, thereby improving the digestibility of lipids. This is because the emulsified fat forms a large number of small oil droplets, making it easier for lipase to enter and decompose the fat.

(3) Formation of mixed micelles: Lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters can form mixed micelles after combining with bile salts. These are water-soluble globules that carry the digestion products of lipids and other fat-soluble nutrients. These mixed micelles help transport the digestion products to the vicinity of the microvilli in the small intestine, making them easier to absorb.

(4) Optimizing absorption: The mixed micelles formed by lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters have a smaller diameter, so compared with other emulsifiers, they can further increase the contact area of lipase and improve digestibility. At the same time, the nutrients in the mixed micelles are also more easily absorbed by the small intestine, thereby optimizing the absorption efficiency of nutrients.

In some examples, preferably, the microalgae extract may contain lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and lysobetaine ester (LDGTS), thereby helping to promote fatty acid absorption and facilitate fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier.

In some examples, the microalgae extract may come from unicellular microalgae. In some examples, the unicellular microalgae may be cyanobacteria, green algae or red algae, etc. In some examples, the microalgae extract may come from any one or more of Nannochloropsis sp., Heterocystis sp., Triangular Phaeodactylum sp., Crescent Nitzschia sp., Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena sp., Spirulina sp., Globular Nostoc sp., Chlorella sp., Dunaliella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. In some examples, preferably, the unicellular microalgae may be Nannochloropsis sp. That is, in some examples, preferably, the microalgae extract may come from Nannochloropsis sp. Nannochloropsis sp., also known as Microchloropsis sp. or Microchloropsis sp., is a widely distributed marine algae, and the cells accumulate a large amount of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and Nannochloropsis sp. is rich in natural polar lipids, which have special health benefits and extremely high bioavailability. In this case, the microalgae extract derived from Nannochloropsis sp. contains rich natural polar lipids, which can help fatty acids absorb and cross the blood-brain barrier. In addition, Microchloropsis spp. is a new food raw material. Microalgae extracts are derived from new food raw materials, have high nutritional and medicinal value, and have high biosafety. Long-term consumption has no obvious toxic side effects.

In some examples, the microalgae extract may also contain fatty acids. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are accumulated in large quantities in the cells of Nannochloropsis algae, so the microalgae extract extracted therefrom also contains certain fatty acids. In this case, the microalgae extract itself also contains a certain amount of fatty acids (which can be called self-contained fatty acids), which can help increase the fatty acid content in the brain.

In some examples, the content of polar lipids in the microalgae extract can be 30% to 99.9%. This can help promote fatty acid absorption and cross the blood-brain barrier. For example, the proportion of polar lipids in the microalgae extract can be 30%, 33%, 35%, 37%, 40%, 42%, 45%, 48%, 50%, 52%, 55%, 58%, 60%, 62%, 65%, 68%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 77%, 78%, 80%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 99.9%. In some examples, preferably, the proportion of polar lipids in the microalgae extract may be no less than 70%. In some examples, preferably, the proportion of polar lipids in the microalgae extract may be 70% to 90%. Thus, it can help to improve the efficiency of promoting fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier.

In some examples, the proportion of polar lipids in the lipid substances of microalgae extracts can be 30% to 100%. Thus, it can help promote fatty acid absorption and cross the blood-brain barrier. For example, the proportion of polar lipids in lipid substances can be 30%, 33%, 35%, 37%, 40%, 42%, 45%, 48%, 50%, 52%, 55%, 58%, 60%, 62%, 65%, 68%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 77%, 78%, 80%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%. In some examples, preferably, the proportion of polar lipids in lipid substances can be 70% to 90%. This can help improve the efficiency of promoting fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier.

In some examples, when the algae extract is applied, the algae extract may be diluted based on different requirements, or the content of polar lipids in the algae extract may be directly adjusted. For example, in some examples, the content of polar lipids in the algae extract may be adjusted to 30%-50% before application.

In some examples, an organic solvent may be used to extract a microalgae extract from the algae biomass. For example, in some examples, the method for extracting the microalgae extract may be: contacting the algae biomass with ethanol, removing the ethanol, and obtaining the microalgae extract. In some examples, the algae biomass may be dry algae. Dry algae refers to algae with a water content of less than 5 wt%. In some examples, dry algae may be obtained by flocculating, deflocculating, desalting, and drying the algae biomass. In some examples, the dry algae may be algae with intact cell walls of the genus Nannochloropsis.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a method for extracting a microalgae extract according to an example of the present disclosure.

In some examples, referring to FIG. 1 , the extraction method of the microalgae extract may include the following steps: flocculating, deflocculating, desalting and drying the algae biomass to obtain dry algae (step S10); contacting the dry algae with ethanol, removing the ethanol, and obtaining the microalgae extract (step S20). In the present disclosure, the microalgae extract is extracted from natural algae. The sustainability and environmental friendliness of the method are also its important advantages. The powerful carbon fixation capacity of microalgae can help energy conservation and emission reduction, and promote "carbon peak and carbon neutrality".

In some examples, the microalgae extract can be mixed with fatty acids before use. Wherein, the fatty acids are fatty acids that are not contained in the microalgae extract (non-contained fatty acids, also referred to as exogenous fatty acids). Thus, the microalgae extract can promote the absorption of fatty acids and the effect of crossing the blood-brain barrier to promote the absorption of fatty acids by the user. It is understandable that in the present disclosure, "the use of microalgae extract mixed with fatty acids" is not limited to the use of microalgae extracts that can only be mixed with free fatty acids, but can also include the use of microalgae extracts mixed with fatty acid-containing substances. For example, general fatty acid-containing substances include algae oil, fish oil, krill oil, etc., and algae extracts can be mixed with these fatty acid-containing substances and then used. In this case, the algae extracts disclosed in the present disclosure can promote the fatty acids in these fatty acid-containing substances to be absorbed by the user.

In some examples, microalgae extracts and fatty acids can be used after physical mixing. In this case, after the fatty acids and microalgae extracts are physically mixed, they reach the small intestine and/or liver through digestion and absorption, and are assembled into lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and/or liver, and can be transported and absorbed by the brain. Compared with the scheme that requires chemical synthesis of lyso-type fatty acids in vitro before use or the scheme of chemical modification of fatty acids in the prior art, the scheme of using after physical mixing can simplify the process, improve preparation efficiency and reduce costs, and does not require additional process additives, which can reduce the risk of solvent residues. In other words, after the microalgae extract and fatty acids are physically mixed, they can automatically synthesize lyso-polar lipids after entering the small intestine and/or liver.

The following is an explanation of the fatty acid replacement process in the liver:

The replacement of fatty acid chains on polar lipids in the liver usually involves a series of enzymatic reactions that remove, change or reacylate the fatty acid chains in polar lipid molecules. Taking phosphatidylcholine (PC) as an example, this process mainly includes the following steps:

(1) Deacylation of fatty acid chains: First, phospholipases (such as phospholipase A2, PLA2) act on PC to remove one of its fatty acid chains. This usually occurs at the SN2 position of the phospholipid molecule. The remaining molecule is lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC).

(2) Exchange of fatty acid chains: Subsequently, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) can catalyze the binding of new fatty acid chains to the deacylated phospholipid molecules, thereby generating a new PC molecule. In this process, different types of fatty acids can be selected as new chains.

(3) Reacylation: After the fatty acid chain has been removed, another fatty acid can be added to the phospholipid molecule by the action of an acylase such as an acyltransferase. This step is selective, depending on which fatty acid is available and recognized by the enzyme.

In some examples, the microalgae extract can be used after being physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids. In some examples, the fatty acids can be any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3), and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6).

In some examples, the microalgae extract can be used after physical mixing with the raw materials of lipid derivatives containing fatty acids (which can be referred to as lipid derivatives). In some examples, the lipid derivatives can be selected from any one or more of glyceride fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, phospholipid fatty acids, glycolipid fatty acids, sterol ester fatty acids and/or sphingolipid fatty acids. In some examples, the lipid derivatives can be any one or more of glycerides (monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides), ethyl esters, phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol esters, ceramides and fatty alcohol esters. In some examples, the lipid derivatives can be other lipid derivatives containing fatty acids.

In some examples, microalgae extracts are physically mixed with raw materials containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives of fatty acids before use. In this case, after the microalgae extracts are physically mixed with raw materials containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives, they reach the small intestine and/or liver through digestion and absorption. The fatty acids or lipid derivatives in the raw materials are assembled into lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and/or liver, and can be transported and absorbed by the brain; compared with the scheme that requires chemical synthesis of lysopolar lipids in vitro before use or the scheme of chemical modification of fatty acids in the prior art, the scheme of using after physical mixing can simplify the process, improve preparation efficiency and reduce costs, and does not require additional process additives, which can reduce the risk of solvent residues; thus, the microalgae extract can promote the absorption of fatty acids and cross the blood-brain barrier to promote the absorption of fatty acids or lipid derivatives by users.

In some examples, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acid can be (1-50):(1-50). In some examples, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acid in the raw material containing fatty acids or fatty acid-containing lipid derivatives is (1-50):(1-50). This can help promote fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier. For example, the mass ratio of microalgae extract to fatty acids can be 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12, 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16, 1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, 1:21, 1:22, 1:23, 1:24, 1:25, 1:26, 1:27, 1:28, 1:29, 1:30, 1:31, 1:32, 1:33, 1:34, 1:35, 1:36, 1:37, 1:38, 1:39, 1:40, 1:41, 1:42, 1:43, 1:44, 1:45, 1:46, 1:47, 1:48, 1:49, 1:50 :49, 1:50, 50:1, 49:1, 48:1, 47:1, 46:1, 45:1, 44:1, 43:1, 42:1, 41:1, 40:1, 39:1, 38:1, 37:1, 36:1, 35:1, 34:1, 33:1, 32:1, 31:1, 30:1, 29:1, 28:1, 2 7:1, 26:1, 25:1, 24:1, 23:1, 22:1, 21:1, 20:1, 19:1, 18:1, 17:1, 16:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, or 1:1. As mentioned above, fatty acids can include the meaning of fatty acid-containing substances. When the microalgae extract is used together with the fatty acid-containing substance, the ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acid-containing substance can be consistent with the ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acid. In other words, in some examples, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acid-containing substance can be (1-50): (1-50).

In some examples, preferably, the mass ratio of microalgae extract to fatty acid can be (1-5): (1-5). For example, the mass ratio of microalgae extract to fatty acid can be 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:3.5, 1:4, 1:4.5, 1:5, 5:1, 4.5:1, 4:1, 3.5:1, 3:1, 2.5:1, 2:1, or 1.5:1. Thus, it can help promote fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier. In some examples, preferably, the mass ratio of microalgae extract to fatty acid-containing substance can be (1-5): (1-5).

In some examples, the microalgae extract can also be used after chemically synthesizing lysotropic polar lipids with fatty acids. In this case, the lysotropic polar lipids can be transported by binding to the active transport protein Mfsd2a on vascular cells. In some examples, fatty acids can be chemically synthesized into lysotropic polar lipids in vitro before use.

In some examples, the non-self-contained fatty acid can be a fatty acid that has a beneficial effect on the human body. For example, the fatty acid can be a fatty acid required by the human brain and retina. In some examples, the fatty acid can include but is not limited to palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and nervonic acid.

As mentioned above, in the present disclosure, the composition may include microalgae extracts and non-self-contained fatty acids. In some examples, preferably, the fatty acids in the composition are physically mixed with the microalgae extracts. In the present disclosure, the physical mixing of the microalgae extracts and the fatty acids can enable the composition to automatically synthesize hemolytic polar lipids after entering the small intestine and/or liver, etc. Therefore, the synthesis process of the composition is simple, and no additional process additives are required, which can reduce the risk of solvent residues.

In some examples, the composition can be used orally. For example, in some examples, the composition can be taken orally into the human body.

In some examples, the fatty acids and microalgae extracts in the composition can also be chemically synthesized in vitro into lyso-type fatty acids for reuse.

In some examples, the composition can be food, medicine, health care product, animal nutrition or veterinary medicine. In the present disclosure, the composition can also be referred to as a preparation. In some examples, preferably, the food is a functional food. In some examples, the food can include biscuits, candies, cakes and beverages. In some examples, preferably, the dosage form of the medicine is an oral liquid, granules, tablets, capsules, powders, powders, pills, solutions, syrups, decoctions, patches, gels, creams or sprays. Thus, it can be beneficial to storage and use.

In some examples, the composition may contain other functional additives. In some examples, the composition may also contain auxiliary materials permitted for use by pharmacy, ordinary food, health food or special medical food regulations. For example, the composition may contain auxiliary materials such as diluents, thickeners, antioxidants, vitamins, etc.

In some examples, the composition can be used to prepare a preparation for improving brain function and/or improving eye function. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby helping to improve brain function and eye function.

In some examples, the preparation for improving brain function may include any one or more of the preparations for improving cognitive dysfunction, alleviating neurodegenerative lesions, alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alleviating depression, alleviating anxiety, alleviating brain inflammation, developing intelligence in young children, improving Alzheimer's disease and its related symptoms, and improving depression. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby being able to help improve cognitive dysfunction, alleviating neurodegenerative lesions, alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alleviating depression, alleviating anxiety, alleviating brain inflammation, developing intelligence in young children, improving Alzheimer's disease and its related symptoms, and improving depression.

In some examples, the preparation for improving eye function includes any one or more of the preparations for alleviating dry eye, reducing retinopathy, reducing corneal problems, alleviating age-related macular degeneration, and preventing and treating children's vision development problems. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby being able to help alleviate dry eye, reduce retinopathy, reduce corneal problems, alleviate age-related macular degeneration, and prevent and treat children's vision development problems.

Therefore, the present disclosure can also provide a composition for use in the preparation of a preparation for improving cognitive dysfunction, alleviating neurodegenerative lesions, alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alleviating depression, alleviating anxiety, alleviating brain inflammation, alleviating dry eye syndrome, alleviating age-related macular degeneration, preventing and treating children's visual development problems, reducing retinopathy, reducing corneal problems, intellectual development of young children, improving Alzheimer's disease and related symptoms and/or improving depression. In addition, the present disclosure can also provide a composition for use in improving cognitive dysfunction, alleviating neurodegenerative lesions, alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alleviating depression, alleviating anxiety, alleviating brain inflammation, alleviating dry eye syndrome, alleviating age-related macular degeneration, preventing and treating children's visual development problems, reducing retinopathy, reducing corneal problems, intellectual development of young children, improving Alzheimer's disease and related symptoms and/or improving depression.

The fatty acids closely related to brain health are mainly Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA in Omega-3 fatty acids. These fatty acids play a key role in maintaining the structure and function of nerve cell membranes, promoting brain development in children, improving cognitive function, and anti-inflammation. It is particularly noteworthy that DHA is not only essential for brain health, but also an important component of retinal cells, playing an important role in maintaining vision and preventing age-related eye diseases (such as macular degeneration). Omega-3 fatty acids are also particularly important for mood regulation and neuroprotection, helping to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety, and may prevent neurodegenerative diseases. Omega-6 fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid (AA), are also essential for brain and vision health and are a major component of nerve cell membranes and retinal cells.

Therefore, in the present disclosure, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids and cross the blood-brain barrier. After the fatty acids enter the user's body, they can produce many beneficial effects. Therefore, the composition can be used in the preparation of preparations with multiple functions.

In some examples, as mentioned above, the microalgae extract itself may also contain a certain amount of fatty acids, which can help increase the content of fatty acids in the brain. Therefore, in addition to the promotion of the microalgae extract on fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier, the microalgae extract itself can also play some synergistic roles in the preparation of a multi-functional preparation.

In some examples, the composition can be used to prepare a preparation for preventing hypertension, preventing coronary heart disease, slowing the progression of heart failure, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis, promoting recovery after myocardial infarction, and/or promoting myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby helping to prevent hypertension, prevent coronary heart disease, slow the progression of heart failure, slow the progression of atherosclerosis, promote recovery after myocardial infarction, and promote myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function.

Therefore, the present disclosure can also provide a composition for use in the preparation of a preparation for preventing hypertension, preventing coronary heart disease, slowing the progression of heart failure, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis, promoting recovery after myocardial infarction, and/or promoting myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function. In addition, the present disclosure can also provide a composition for use in preventing hypertension, preventing coronary heart disease, slowing the progression of heart failure, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis, promoting recovery after myocardial infarction, and/or promoting myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function.

In some examples, the composition can be used to prepare a preparation that enhances brain cell growth regulation, improves cognitive function, promotes nutritional supplementation, inhibits inflammation and/or inhibits apoptosis. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby helping to enhance brain cell growth regulation, improve cognitive function, promote nutritional supplementation, inhibit inflammation and inhibit apoptosis.

Therefore, the present disclosure can also provide a composition for use in preparing a preparation for enhancing brain cell growth regulation, improving cognitive function, promoting nutritional supplementation, inhibiting inflammation and/or inhibiting cell apoptosis. In addition, the present disclosure can also provide a composition for use in enhancing brain cell growth regulation, improving cognitive function, promoting nutritional supplementation, inhibiting inflammation and/or inhibiting cell apoptosis.

In some examples of the present disclosure, the use of microalgae extracts and compositions can be for non-diagnostic purposes.

In some examples, the composition containing microalgae extract and fatty acid provided by the present invention has the following effects:

(l) Improve cognitive dysfunction, including learning disabilities and memory loss;

(2) Alleviate neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease;

(3) Alleviate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD);

(4) Relieve depression;

(5) Reduce anxiety;

(6) Reduce brain inflammation;

(7) Relieve dry eye syndrome;

(8) Reduce age-related macular degeneration (AMD);

(9) Prevent and treat children’s vision development problems;

(10) Reduce retinopathy;

(11) Reduce corneal problems;

(12) Intellectual development of young people.

In addition, in some examples, the composition containing microalgae extract and fatty acid provided by the present invention has the following effects:

(l) Preventing hypertension;

(2) Prevent coronary heart disease;

(3) Slow down the progression of heart failure;

(4) Slow down the progression of atherosclerosis;

(5) It helps in recovery after myocardial infarction and promotes myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function.

In addition, the composition containing microalgae extract and fatty acid provided by the present disclosure can also be used for Alzheimer's disease indication research. Alzheimer's disease and its related symptoms can be improved. In other words, the present disclosure also provides a use of a microalgae extract in preparing a preparation for improving Alzheimer's disease and its related symptoms.

In addition, the composition containing the microalgae extract and fatty acids provided by the present invention can also be used to improve depression. In other words, the present invention also provides a use of the microalgae extract in preparing a preparation for improving depression.

In addition, the composition containing the microalgae extract and fatty acids provided by the present invention can also provide sports nutrition, promote the absorption of DHA by the athlete's brain and improve sports performance.

In addition, the present disclosure also provides a method for preparing a composition, comprising the following steps: physically mixing fatty acids and microalgae extracts to obtain a composition. The fatty acids are fatty acids that are not contained in the microalgae extracts. The microalgae extracts disclosed in the present disclosure have the effect of promoting fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier, and only physically mixing the fatty acids and microalgae extracts can allow the composition to automatically synthesize hemolytic polar lipids after entering the small intestine and/or liver and other parts. Therefore, the present disclosure can provide a method for preparing a composition with a simple synthesis process, which does not require the addition of additional process additives and can reduce the risk of solvent residues.

In summary, according to the present disclosure, a microalgae extract and a composition thereof that can promote fatty acid absorption and cross the blood-brain barrier can be provided.

The present disclosure can help promote the user's absorption of fatty acids, especially increase the content of total fatty acids and target fatty acids in the heart and brain, by using microalgae extracts in combination with non-self-contained fatty acids. In particular, the polar lipids in the microalgae extracts can promote fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier, thus providing auxiliary treatment for brain health problems and diseases caused by a lack of specific fatty acids (i.e., the microalgae extracts can be used in the preparation of preparations that promote the entry of fatty acids into the brain).

The microalgae extract disclosed in the present invention is derived from a new food raw material, has high nutritional and medicinal value, and has no obvious toxic side effects after long-term consumption. It can be used to develop products for brain and eye health, such as alleviating neurodegenerative diseases, depression, age-related macular degeneration, etc., and has important practical application significance.

In order to further illustrate the present disclosure, the application of the microalgae extract and the composition thereof provided by the present disclosure is described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, and the beneficial effects achieved by the present disclosure are fully illustrated in conjunction with the comparative examples.

The microalgae extract used in the embodiment of the present invention is prepared and provided by Xiaozao Technology (Anji) Co., Ltd., and the other reagents are conventionally purchased raw material reagents. The preparation process of the microalgae extract is as follows: flocculating, deflocculating, desalting and drying Pseudochlorophyll to obtain dry algae; contacting the dry algae with ethanol; removing the ethanol to obtain the microalgae extract. The content of polar lipids in the microalgae extract is about 80%-90%.

Example 1

Using corn oil as a solvent, the microalgae extract and the raw material containing 70% DHA were physically mixed to obtain the composition of Example 1, wherein the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the raw material containing 70% DHA was 1:2. The raw material containing 70% DHA was a commercially available refined microalgae oil raw material ( DHA refined microalgae oil, Xiaozao Technology (Anji) Co., Ltd.

Example 2

The microalgae extract and the raw material containing 70% DHA were physically mixed using corn oil as a solvent to obtain the composition of Example 2, wherein the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the raw material containing 70% DHA was 1:1.

Comparative Example 1

Corn oil was used as a solvent, and microalgae extract was added, wherein the mass of the added microalgae extract was the same as that in Example 1.

Comparative Example 2

Corn oil was used as a solvent, and microalgae extract was added, wherein the mass of the added microalgae extract was the same as that in Example 2.

Comparative Example 3

Corn oil was used as solvent and raw materials containing 70% DHA ( DHA refined microalgae oil), the mass of the raw material containing 70% DHA added is the same as the raw material containing 70% DHA in Example 1.

Comparative Example 4

Corn oil was used as a solvent, and krill oil was added, wherein the krill oil was a commercially available product (Antarctic krill oil from Shandong Kangjing Marine Bioengineering Co., Ltd.).

Comparative Example 5

Corn oil is used as a solvent, and phosphatidylserine and a raw material containing 70% DHA are added and physically mixed, wherein the mass ratio of phosphatidylserine to the raw material containing 70% DHA is 1:1.

Efficacy verification experiment

A total of 40 three-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were prepared and randomly divided into 8 groups, 5 mice in each group, and raised in an SPF mouse house. After the mice adapted to the breeding environment for 1 month, they were fed by gavage. A blank control group, embodiment groups 1-2, and comparative groups 1-5 were set up respectively, and the test substances were gavaged every day as shown in Table 1. Tissue and organ sampling was performed after 15 days of feeding. After the mice were anesthetized with isoflurane for about 30 seconds, the brain was taken and placed in a 1.5 ml polyethylene tube, marked, and transferred to a dry ice ethanol mixture for rapid freezing, and then moved to a -80 degree Celsius refrigerator for cryopreservation until lipid extraction. Lipid extraction was carried out according to the following steps: 20-50 mg of samples were cut out of each tube of the above-mentioned organs for cryopreservation and placed in a new polyethylene tube, and 800 microliters of a 0.1N hydrochloric acid and ethanol mixture with a ratio of 1:1 in advance were added, and the samples were ground for 1 minute by a multi-channel grinder (Celter model SRT-24), and the samples were taken out and presented as milky. Add 400 microliters of chloroform to the test tube, shake the test tube for about 30 seconds to mix it thoroughly, and transfer the test tube to a centrifuge for centrifugation (5 minutes, 4 degrees Celsius, 18000xg). Then take out the test tube, discard the supernatant, and air-dry the residual liquid. The solid separated is lipid, which is frozen and stored.

Table 1. Test substances administered orally in each experimental group

Fatty acid content detection

Place the sample in a 105℃ environment and bake for about 40 minutes. After the sample is completely dried, take it out and cool it to room temperature. Weigh the dried sample and place it in a hydrolysis tube. Add 0.25mL of internal standard solution (C11:0 methyl ester-methanol solution, 2mg/mL). Add 5mL of NaOH-methanol solution (2%, W/V) to the hydrolysis tube, fill it with nitrogen for 30s, seal it with a stopper, and place it in an 80℃ water bath for hydrolysis for about 40min. Take it out and let it cool. Then add 10mL of sulfuric acid-methanol solution (5%, W/V) to the hydrolysis tube, fill it with nitrogen for 30s, seal it with a stopper, and place it in a boiling water bath for reaction for about 20min. Take it out and let it cool. Add 5mL of n-hexane to the hydrolysis tube, vortex it for 1min, then add 15mL of water and let it stand for about 5min. Take 1mL of the upper n-hexane solution and filter it into an injection vial. Detect it by gas chromatography injection and record the peak area of each fatty acid. A mixed standard solution of fatty acid methyl esters with known concentrations was tested by gas chromatography injection, and the peak area of each fatty acid was recorded. The fatty acid content in the sample was calculated by comparing the peak areas of the standard samples with different concentrations in the standard curve. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Content of fatty acids in brain tissue of experimental groups (%)

Note: Blank group vs. Example and Comparative Example, # means p<0.05; ## means p<0.01; ### means p<0.001, #### means p<0.0001;

Example 1 vs. Comparative Example, a is p<0.05; b is p<0.01; c is p<0.001; d is p<0.0001;

Example 2 vs. Comparative Example, e is p<0.05; f is p<0.01; g is p<0.001; h is p<0.0001;

Some data in Table 2 that are not statistically significantly different are not comparable.

In order to further verify the efficacy of the microalgae extract in promoting fatty acid absorption, the blank group and mice in Example 1 were selected to measure the fatty acid content in the heart. The results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Fatty acid content in heart tissue of experimental group (%)

Proteomics experiments

Protein extraction and determination: Take samples from frozen tissue samples, add liquid nitrogen and grind them, then place them in 1.5mL centrifuge tubes. Add lysis buffer, phosphatase inhibitors and 1mM PMSF, and grind them at -35℃ using a cold grinder. Centrifuge the ground samples at 12000rpm for 10 minutes at 4℃, and take the supernatant. Use the BCA method to determine the protein concentration, and store the protein solution at -80℃.

Proteolysis and labeling: According to the protein concentration, take 50μg protein and add DTT to a final concentration of 5mM, incubate at 55℃ for 30 minutes, then add iodoacetamide to 10mM at room temperature and protect from light for 15 minutes. Add 6 times acetone and store at -20℃ for more than four hours, then collect the precipitate by centrifugation at 8000×g for 10 minutes. The precipitate is re-dissolved with 200mM TEAB, and 1/50 mass of 1mg/mL Trypsin-TPCK is added and digested at 37℃ overnight. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the sample is lyophilized, and then 100mM TEAB is added for TMT labeling. Finally, 5% hydroxylamine is added to terminate the reaction and lyophilized for storage.

Liquid chromatography separation: Agilent 1100HPLC and Zorbax Extend-C18 narrow-bore columns were used to separate the samples. According to the set gradient elution conditions, the samples were collected into centrifuge tubes from 8 to 54 minutes and stored in the freezer.

LC-MS analysis: Peptide separation was performed using an EASY-nLC 1200 system and subsequent analysis was performed using a Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer. The resolution and maximum injection time for primary MS and MS/MS were set to scan and perform data-dependent analysis on the selected peptides.

Data processing and functional analysis: The mass spectrometry data was imported into Proteome Discoverer software for processing. Appropriate mass tolerance and modification were set to perform statistical and bioinformatics analysis on the differential proteins, including GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG pathway analysis, and protein interaction network construction based on the string database. The proteomics results are shown in Figures 2 to 4, and Table 4. Figure 2 is a volcano map showing the proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of Example 1 and a blank group involved in the examples of the present disclosure; Figure 3 is a heat map showing the proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of Example 1 and a blank group involved in the examples of the present disclosure; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the pathways identified by GO enrichment analysis of the proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of Example 1 and a blank group involved in the examples of the present disclosure.

Table 4 Comparison of up-regulated and down-regulated signal pathways and their effects between Example 1 and the blank group

Efficacy verification results analysis

It can be found from the results of the blank group and comparative examples 3-5 that there is no significant difference in the content of DHA and other fatty acids in the mouse cerebral cortex. This shows that only by supplementing DHA, krill oil or DHA in combination with phosphatidylserine, it is impossible to effectively enhance DHA to cross the blood-brain barrier. However, Example 1 and Example 2, especially Example 1, can significantly increase the content of total fatty acids and several important fatty acids in brain tissue, such as palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3, DHA), and arachidonic acid (C20:4n6). This shows that mixing the microalgae extract with the raw material containing fatty acids can promote the passage of fatty acids through the blood-brain barrier and significantly increase the total fatty acids and target fatty acid content in the brain.

Compared with Comparative Example 4, Example 1 also has significant differences in increasing the fatty acid content in brain tissue, especially DHA, indicating that the polar lipids contained in the microalgae extract have a better effect on DHA crossing the blood-brain barrier than the phospholipids in krill oil. This may be because the microalgae extract contains more hemolytic polar lipid components, while the polar lipids mainly contained in krill oil are phosphatidylcholine (PC). The EPA and DHA in the krill oil are located at the SN2 position of phosphatidylcholine (PC). Therefore, during the digestion process, they are converted into free fatty acids DHA and EPA by the action of pancreatic phospholipase A2, and LPC-EPA or LPC-DHA required for crossing the blood-brain barrier cannot be generated. Therefore, consuming krill oil will not lead to significant enrichment of EPA and DHA in the brain. Only by pretreating krill oil with a lipase specific for the SN1 ester bond can LPC-EPA and LPC-DHA be generated, so that they are enriched in the brain. Compared with PC, lysopolar lipids can be transported without the need for phospholipase A2 (PLA2) to convert them into LPC, and are therefore more likely to cross the blood-brain barrier by binding to the active transporter Mfsd2a.

Comparing the blank group and comparative example 5, it can be seen that the fatty acid content in comparative example 5, in which phosphatidylserine and a raw material containing 70% DHA are directly physically mixed, is decreased instead of increased compared with the blank group, indicating that the direct physical mixing of non-chemically bonded phosphatidylserine and fatty acids is not effective.

In addition, Example 1 has a more significant effect on increasing the total fatty acids and target fatty acids in brain tissue than Example 2. When the ratio of microalgae extract to the raw material containing 70% DHA is 0.5:1, the increase in fatty acid content in the mouse brain, especially DHA, is more significant than when the ratio is 1:1. This shows that when crossing the blood-brain barrier, the more the amount of carrier, the better the effect.

In addition, it can be seen from Table 3 that compared with the blank group, the content of each fatty acid and the total fatty acid in Example 1 has an increasing trend, which verifies that the composition has the potential to increase the content of each fatty acid and the total fatty acid in the heart. Since the fatty acids increased in the heart in Example 1 are mainly unsaturated fatty acids, this has the following health benefits for the function of the heart: (1) Lowering cholesterol levels: Unsaturated fatty acids, especially Omega-3 fatty acids, help to lower the level of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, thereby reducing the risk of heart disease. (2) Anti-inflammatory effect: Omega-3 fatty acids are converted into anti-inflammatory substances in the body, which help to reduce the inflammatory response of the cardiovascular system. (3) Lowering blood pressure: Unsaturated fatty acids, especially Omega-3 fatty acids, have been shown to help lower blood pressure, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. (4) Reducing thrombosis: Unsaturated fatty acids can reduce the coagulability in the blood and reduce the risk of thrombosis. The beneficial effects of the composition on the heart indicate that it has a beneficial effect in preventing hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, etc.

Proteomics results analysis

Example 1 showed a higher level of fatty acid content in the brain due to the intake of microalgae extract and DHA mixture. To further analyze the changes in protein expression in the brain, we used mouse brain samples to perform a comparative proteomic analysis of Example 1 and the blank group. By screening the proteins with different expression levels in the brain, it was found that 3 proteins were significantly downregulated and 11 proteins were significantly upregulated. Figures 2 and 3 use volcano maps and heat maps to show the relative differences of these proteins, respectively. After GO analysis, it was found that these proteins were associated with the 13 pathways shown in Figure 4. Changes in pathway activity, whether increased or decreased, can be seen in Table 4. It can be observed that compared with the blank group, Example 1 not only increased the activity of certain transmembrane transport pathways, but also promoted cell growth, reduced tissue inflammatory response, and inhibited cell apoptosis. In addition, Table 4 also lists the enhanced retinol metabolism levels obtained from KEGG analysis. In general, these data support the effects of microalgae extract and DHA mixture in improving brain lipid metabolism and promoting brain health, mainly including enhancing cell growth regulation, improving cognitive function, promoting nutritional supplementation, inhibiting inflammation, inhibiting cell apoptosis, etc.

From the above results, it can be seen that the microalgae extract can promote the absorption of fatty acids, and can promote various essential fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier in an approximately equivalent manner, and keep the increase ratio of these fatty acids consistent, without changing the composition of brain lipids, and help maintain the homeostasis of brain lipids. In addition, the composition containing microalgae extract and fatty acids has the potential to increase the content of various fatty acids and total fatty acids in the heart.

In summary, the present invention can provide an application of a microalgae extract and a composition thereof that can promote fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier. By using the microalgae extract disclosed in the present invention in combination with fatty acids, it can help promote the user's absorption of fatty acids, especially increase the fatty acid content in the heart and brain.

Although the present disclosure is specifically described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples, it is to be understood that the above description does not limit the present disclosure in any form. Those skilled in the art may modify and change the present disclosure as needed without departing from the essential spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these modifications and changes all fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (30)

A use of a microalgae extract in promoting fatty acid absorption and/or fatty acid crossing the blood-brain barrier, characterized in that the microalgae extract contains polar lipids, the polar lipids account for 30% to 99.9% of the microalgae extract, and the fatty acids are fatty acids that are not native to the microalgae extract. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and/or betaine esters. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used. The mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the fatty acids are any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6). The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the lipid derivative is selected from any one or more of glyceride fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, phospholipid fatty acids, glycolipid fatty acids, sterol ester fatty acids and/or sphingolipid fatty acids. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The microalgae extract is derived from blue algae, green algae or red algae. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The microalgae extract is from any one or more of Nannochloropsis spp., Heteroglea spp., Phaeodactylum triangularis, Nitzschia closterium, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphericalensis, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. An application of a microalgae extract for increasing the fatty acid content in the heart, characterized in that the microalgae extract contains polar lipids, the polar lipids account for 30% to 99.9% of the microalgae extract, and the fatty acids are fatty acids that are not native to the microalgae extract. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that The microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and/or betaine esters. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that The microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used. The mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the fatty acids are any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6). The use according to claim 7, characterized in that The microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the lipid derivative is selected from any one or more of glyceride fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, phospholipid fatty acids, glycolipid fatty acids, sterol ester fatty acids and/or sphingolipid fatty acids. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that The microalgae extract is derived from blue algae, green algae or red algae. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that The microalgae extract is from any one or more of Nannochloropsis spp., Heteroglea spp., Phaeodactylum triangularis, Nitzschia closterium, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphericalensis, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. An application of a microalgae extract for increasing the fatty acid content in the brain, characterized in that the microalgae extract contains polar lipids, the polar lipids account for 30% to 99.9% of the microalgae extract, and the fatty acids are fatty acids that are not native to the microalgae extract. The use according to claim 13, characterized in that The microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and/or betaine esters. The use according to claim 13, characterized in that The microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used. The mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the fatty acids are any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6). The use according to claim 13, characterized in that The microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the lipid derivative is selected from any one or more of glyceride fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, phospholipid fatty acids, glycolipid fatty acids, sterol ester fatty acids and/or sphingolipid fatty acids. The use according to claim 13, characterized in that The microalgae extract is derived from blue algae, green algae or red algae. The use according to claim 13, characterized in that The microalgae extract is from any one or more of Nannochloropsis spp., Heteroglea spp., Phaeodactylum triangularis, Nitzschia closterium, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphericalensis, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. A composition, characterized in that it comprises a microalgae extract and fatty acids not contained in the microalgae extract, wherein the microalgae extract contains polar lipids, and the polar lipids account for 30% to 99.9% of the microalgae extract. The composition according to claim 19, characterized in that The microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and/or betaine esters. The composition according to claim 19, characterized in that The microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used. The mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the fatty acids are any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6). The composition according to claim 19, characterized in that The microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the lipid derivative is selected from any one or more of glyceride fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, phospholipid fatty acids, glycolipid fatty acids, sterol ester fatty acids and/or sphingolipid fatty acids. The composition according to claim 19, characterized in that The microalgae extract is derived from blue algae, green algae or red algae. The composition according to claim 19, characterized in that The microalgae extract is from any one or more of Nannochloropsis spp., Heteroglea spp., Phaeodactylum triangularis, Nitzschia closterium, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphericalensis, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The composition according to claim 19, characterized in that The composition is food, medicine, health product, animal nutrition or veterinary medicine, and the composition also contains auxiliary materials permitted by the laws and regulations of pharmacy, common food, health food or special medical food. The composition according to claim 19 is characterized in that the composition is used in the preparation of a preparation for improving brain function and/or improving eye function. The composition according to claim 19, characterized in that The preparations for improving brain function include any one or more of preparations for improving cognitive dysfunction, alleviating neurodegenerative lesions, alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alleviating depression, alleviating anxiety, alleviating brain inflammation, developing the intelligence of adolescents and children, improving Alzheimer's disease and its related symptoms, and improving depression. The composition according to claim 19, characterized in that The preparations for improving eye function include any one or more of preparations for alleviating dry eye, reducing retinopathy, reducing corneal problems, alleviating age-related macular degeneration, and preventing and treating children's vision development problems. The composition according to claim 19, characterized in that The composition is used in preparing preparations for preventing hypertension, preventing coronary heart disease, slowing down the progression of heart failure, slowing down the progression of atherosclerosis, promoting recovery after myocardial infarction, and/or promoting myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function. The composition according to claim 19, characterized in that The composition is used in preparing preparations for enhancing brain cell growth regulation, improving cognitive function, promoting nutritional supplementation, inhibiting inflammation and/or inhibiting cell apoptosis.