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WO2025145070A1 - Système intégré de mélange butane/contaminat et procédés - Google Patents

Système intégré de mélange butane/contaminat et procédés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025145070A1
WO2025145070A1 PCT/US2024/062135 US2024062135W WO2025145070A1 WO 2025145070 A1 WO2025145070 A1 WO 2025145070A1 US 2024062135 W US2024062135 W US 2024062135W WO 2025145070 A1 WO2025145070 A1 WO 2025145070A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transmix
gasoline
butane
pipeline
blending
Prior art date
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Pending
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PCT/US2024/062135
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English (en)
Inventor
Igor BATYTSKIY
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Energy Transfer Marketing and Terminals LP
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Energy Transfer Marketing and Terminals LP
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Publication of WO2025145070A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025145070A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
    • C10G29/20—Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D11/00—Control of flow ratio
    • G05D11/02—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material
    • G05D11/13—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D11/131—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring the values related to the quantity of the individual components
    • G05D11/132—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring the values related to the quantity of the individual components by controlling the flow of the individual components

Definitions

  • Gasoline is distributed across the country using a network of pipelines, typically beginning at ports and refineries and ending at tank farms or storage facilities, where the gasoline can be put on trucks for final distribution.
  • the pipeline portion of the distribution network can be used to transport many different types of fuels, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, propane, kerosene, etc. Because these products have specifications, shippers will provide certified analyses before they are introduced into the pipeline.
  • Transmix is an off-specification product. It is defined by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under 40 CFR Part 1090 as any of the following mixtures of fuels that no longer meet the specifications for a fuel that can be used or sold as a fuel without further processing: (1) pipeline interface that is not cut into adjacent products; (2) mixtures produced by unintentionally combining gasoline and distillate fuels, or (3) mixtures of gasoline and distillate fuel produced from normal business operations at terminals or pipelines, such as gasoline or distillate fuel drained from a tank or drained from piping or hoses used to transfer gasoline or distillate fuel to tanks or trucks, or gasoline or distillate fuel discharged from a safety relief valve that are segregated for further processing. Any pipeline shipping multiple types of fuels (e.g., gasoline and jet fuel) will create a portion of transmix as the two products will blend at their point of contact.
  • EPA Environmental Protection Agency
  • Pipeline operators will measure the properties of batches moving through the pipeline to determine if transmix is present from the mixing of products. When transmix is detected, it can be directed into separate pipelines and storage tanks to isolate it from the on- specification products. When the operator measurements determine that the product flowing through the pipeline is no longer the interface transmix but instead an on- specification product, it will redirect the flow back to the appropriate pipeline or storage tanks for that product.
  • the systems and methods according to the present disclosure can reduce the amount of transmix created from the product mixing within the pipeline.
  • the systems and methods according to the present disclosure can quickly detect when the transmix flow has ended so that only a minor amount of on-specification product is diverted into the transmix pipeline or storage tank.
  • transmix is off specification, it is typically reprocessed before it can be used in commercial applications, which reduces its value.
  • This processing can include separating transmix into a transmix distillate product (TDP), which is a diesel fuel blend stock produced from separated transmix, or a transmix gasoline product (TGP), which is a gasoline blendstock produced from separated transmix.
  • TDP transmix distillate product
  • TGP transmix gasoline product
  • the EPA regulates this processing under 40 CFR Part 1090. which defines a transmix processing facility as any facility that produces TGP or TDP from transmix by distillation or other refining processes but does not produce gasoline or diesel fuel by processing crude oil or other products.
  • a transmix processor is anyone who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises a transmix processing facility.
  • PCG previously certified gasoline
  • a transmix blending facility is any facility that produces gasoline by blending transmix into PCG under 40 CFR ⁇ 1090.500
  • a transmix blender is any person who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises a transmix blending facility.
  • transmix blenders comply with 40 CFR ⁇ 1090.005, under which the resultant blends have a distillation endpoint not exceeding 437 degrees Fahrenheit and meet the downstream sulfur per-gallon and Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) standards in ⁇ 1090.
  • RVP Reid Vapor Pressure
  • the transmix blender must also follow EPA record keeping procedures and maintain and follow a written quality assurance program that complies with 40 CFR
  • transmix blender must collect and test composite samples of the resultant gasoline at least twice each calendar month during which transmix is blended. If the result for a sample collected under the quality assurance program indicates that the gasoline does not comply with the applicable standards, there are additional steps that must be taken.
  • transmix blender does not need do a full gasoline re-certification after blending.
  • the benefit of blending transmix back into gasoline is that transmix is generally cheaper given its off-specification nature.
  • Blending transmix with PCG allows a transmix blender to capture the margin spread between transmix and gasoline prices. Transmix that is not blended would otherwise generally be sold to transmix processors at a discount price.
  • EPA regulations also allow for the blending of regulated blendstocks like certified butane or certified pentane, into gasoline. These blendstocks have historically been blended with gasoline at different points in the gasoline distribution chain.
  • Systems for in-line blending of butane with gasoline are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,631,671 and 9,207,686. These systems allow for blending of butane and gasoline at any point along a petroleum pipeline, including at the rack where it is dispensed.
  • the systems can use commercially available components to measure RVP, flow rate, and any other process variables, along with a control unit and flow regulators, to precisely control the blending of butane and gasoline while keeping it within desired property ranges.
  • butane is generally cheaper than gasoline, which reduces the price of the resultant gasoline. Butane also has a higher RVP than gasoline, thereby increasing the volatility (ability to combust) of the resultant blend. This is a benefit during colder months when the volatility of the gasoline is lower.
  • the EPA regulates the RVP of gasoline because gasoline vapor is a component of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere. These regulations generally apply from May 1 through September 15 when the weather (and thus the gasoline) is warmer, which keeps its volatility higher, and require gasoline be certified to be within the volatility ranges. Measuring the RVP is one way of determining the vapor pressure of the gasoline.
  • the EPA also regulates the amount of sulfur in gasoline, which can be dependent on any blendstocks that are blended with the gasoline. Except for certain national security and hardship exceptions, all gasoline manufacturers must meet a sulfur average standard of 10.00 parts per million for each compliance period (40 CFR ⁇ 1090.205(b). and gasoline at any fuel manufacturing facility gate is subject to a maximum sulfur per-gallon standard of 80 parts per million (40 CFR ⁇ 1090.205(b)). Gasoline at a downstream location can have a maximum sulfur per-gallon standard of 95 parts per million (40 CFR ⁇ 1090.205(c)).
  • Blenders can sample and analyze sulfur content for compliance.
  • Certain aspects may include a butane tank, a transmix tank, a rack for dispensing the blended gasoline, different injection points for blending, other blendstock streams, a transmix injection meter, a butane injection meter, an additional meter installed on the gasoline pipeline between the transmix and butane injection points, additional programmable logic controllers, and additional samplers at before or after the transmix and/or butane are blended with gasoline, and additional analyzers for measuring other properties of the gasoline stream, the transmix stream, the butane stream, and/or the blended gasoline stream.
  • System may include one or more of the following features.
  • System may include a transmix tank connected to the transmix pipeline.
  • System may include a blendstock tank connected to the blendstock pipeline.
  • System may include a transmix injection meter configured to measure the flow of transmix into the gasoline pipeline at the first blending point.
  • System may include a blendstock injection meter configured to measure the flow of blendstock into the gasoline pipeline at the second blending point.
  • System may include a sulfur analyzer. System where the sulfur analyzer is located at a same location as the distillation process analyzer or the vapor pressure analyzer. System where the sulfur analyzer is located on the transmix pipeline or the blendstock pipeline.
  • System where the blendstock is certified butane or certified pentane.
  • System where the blendstock is certified butane.
  • a system for blending butane and transmix into gasoline comprising (a) a gasoline pipeline; (b) a transmix pipeline in fluid communication with the gasoline pipeline at a transmix blending point; (c) a motorized transmix pump configured to pump a flow of transmix from the transmix pipeline into the gasoline pipeline at the transmix blending point; (d) a butane pipeline in fluid communication with the gasoline pipeline at a butane blending point downstream of the transmix blending point; (f) a butane injection pump configured to pump a flow of butane from the butane pipeline into the gasoline pipeline at the butane blending point; (g) a composite sampler; (h) a distillation process analyzer; (i) a vapor pressure analyzer; and (j) a programmable logic controller configured to receive measured values from the distillation process analyzer and the vapor pressure analyzer, determine appropriate adjustments to the flow of transmix and the flow of butane, and send commands to the motor
  • a method of blending butane and transmix into gasoline comprising injecting a stream of transmix at a first flow rate into a stream of gasoline, injecting a stream of butane at a second flow rate into the stream of gasoline, analyzing a sample of a transmix -butane blended gasoline to measure its vapor pressure and boiling point, determining appropriate adjustments to the first flow rate and the second flow rate so as to keep the transmix-butane blended gasoline within desired property ranges, and adjusting the first flow rate and the second flow rate.
  • the method may include one or more of the following features.
  • Method may include analyzing the sample of the transmix-butane blended gasoline to measure its sulfur content.
  • Method may include determining a maximum flow rate of transmix and a maximum flow rate of butane that keep the transmix-butane blended gasoline within the desired property ranges.
  • Method may include recording results from analyzing the sample of the transmix-butane blended gasoline. Implementations of the described techniques may include hardware or a computer tangible medium.
  • a system of one or more computers can be configured to perform particular methods by virtue of having software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation causes or cause the system to perform the actions.
  • One or more computer programs can be configured to perform particular methods by virtue of including instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the methods.
  • the systems and methods disclosed here involve less resources to manage.
  • the system and methods can also provide multiple data points for the resultant blended gasoline, reducing the risk of non-compliance with applicable regulations.
  • the systems and methods are not dependent on the availability of gasoline batch distillation data prior to blending. Blending is also adjusted for a changing final boiling point throughout the batch.
  • blending according to the present disclosure does not employ any “safety buffer,” which allows the blender to be able to blend a larger volume.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of an automated blending system.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of one aspect of the integrated system of the present disclosure, which can blend both transmix and butane into a gasoline stream.
  • PCG previously certified gasoline
  • the terms “comprise(s)” and “comprising” are to be interpreted as having an open-ended meaning. That is, the terms are to be interpreted synonymously with the phrases “having at least” or “including at least.”
  • the term “comprising” means that the process includes at least the recited steps, but may include additional steps.
  • the term “comprising” means that the composition includes at least the recited features or components, but may also include additional features or components.
  • the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more.”
  • “Certified butane” means butane that is certified to meet the following per-gallon standards: (a) butane content: minimum 85 volume percent; (b) benzene content: maximum 0.03 volume percent; (c) sulfur content: maximum 10 ppm; and (d) chemical composition: be composed solely of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
  • Diesel fuel means any of the following: (1) any fuel commonly or commercially known as diesel fuel; (2) any fuel (including nonpetroleum diesel fuel or a fuel blend that contains nonpetroleum diesel fuel) that is intended or used to power a vehicle or engine that is designed to operate using diesel fuel; or (3) any fuel that conforms to the specifications of ASTM D975 (incorporated by reference in 40 CFR ⁇ 1090.95) and is made available for use in a vehicle or engine designed to operate using diesel fuel.
  • distillate fuel means diesel fuel and other petroleum fuels with a T90 temperature below 700 °F that can be used in vehicles or engines that are designed to operate using diesel fuel.
  • diesel fuel and jet fuel are distillate fuels.
  • Natural gas, ;iquefied petroleum gas, and gasoline are not distillate fuels.
  • gasoline means any of the following: (1) any fuel commonly or commercially known as gasoline, including gasoline before oxygenate blending (BOB); (2) any fuel intended or used to power a vehicle or engine designed to operate on gasoline; (3) any fuel that conforms to the specifications of ASTM D4814 (incorporated by reference in 40 CFR ⁇ 1090.95) and is made available for use in a vehicle or engine designed to operate on gasoline.
  • BOB gasoline before oxygenate blending
  • Gasoline before oxygenate blending means gasoline for which a gasoline manufacturer has accounted for oxygenate added downstream under 40 CFR ⁇ 1090.710.
  • Jet fuel means any distillate fuel used, intended for use, or made available for use in aircraft.
  • Oxygenate means a liquid compound that consists of one or more oxygenated compounds.
  • Pentane means an organic compound with the formula C5H12.
  • Peline interface means the mixture between different fuels and products that abut each other during shipment by a refined petroleum products pipeline system.
  • Peline operator means any person who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises a pipeline that transports fuel, fuel additive, or regulated blendstock.
  • Previously certified gasoline means conventional gasoline, reformulated gasoline, or gasoline before oxygenate blending that has been certified as a batch by a gasoline manufacturer.
  • RFG Reformulated gasoline
  • Transmix means any of the following mixtures of fuels, which no longer meet the specifications for a fuel that can be used or sold as a fuel without further processing: (1) pipeline interface that is not cut into the adjacent products; (2) mixtures produced by unintentionally combining gasoline and distillate fuels; or (3) mixtures of gasoline and distillate fuel produced from normal business operations at terminals or pipelines, such as gasoline or distillate fuel drained from a tank or drained from piping or hoses used to transfer gasoline or distillate fuel to tanks or trucks, or gasoline or distillate fuel discharged from a safety relief valve that are segregated for further processing.
  • TDP Transmix distillate product
  • TGP Transmix gasoline product
  • Transmix processing facility means any facility that produces TGP or TDP from transmix by distillation or other refining processes, but does not produce gasoline or diesel fuel by processing crude oil or other products.
  • Transmix processor means any person who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises a transmix processing facility.
  • FIG. 1 this is a schematic of an exemplary 7 butane blending system that can be used at the final distribution end point. By blending at this location, the blender can blend the maximum allowable amount of butane while remaining within regulatory parameters, thus decreasing the cost of the gasoline.
  • the blending skid in FIG. 1 includes a butane pipeline 100 that interfaces a gasoline pipeline 101 carrying a gasoline batch. The flow rate of butane pipeline 100 is controlled by butane injection pump 103.
  • the system further includes fast loop 107 and composite sampler 108 downstream of the butane blending interface 105, for sampling the butane-blended gasoline.
  • the system also includes distillation process analyzer 109 and RVP analyzer 110.
  • Distillation process analyzer 109 measures multiple distillation parameters of the butane-blended gasoline to ensure those are in compliance.
  • the RVP analyzer 110 measures the vapor pressure (and in some configurations, the temperature for a vapor-liquid ratio of 20) of the butane-blended gasoline to ensure it is within the applicable regulations.
  • Programmable logic controller 106 receives these measurements and, based on pre-set or determined minimum and maximum limits for those properties, can communicate adjustments to butane injection pump 103 to change the blend ratio.
  • the present disclosure relates to a system for blending transmix and butane into a gasoline stream using an integrated skid.
  • the present disclosure provides a system for blending butane and transmix into PCG without exceeding pre-determined regulatory limits, comprising: (a) a gasoline stream with an associated gasoline flow rate; (b) a transmix stream in fluid communication with the gasoline stream at a transmix blending point; (c) a motorized pump for controlling the flow of transmix into the gasoline stream at the transmix blending point; (d) a sampler on the gasoline stream located downstream of the transmix blending point for collecting samples to be tested, optionally for compliance with distillation requirements; (e) a butane stream in fluid communication with the gasoline stream at a butane blending point downstream of the transmix blending point; (f) a butane injection pump for controlling the flow of butane into the gasoline stream at the butane blending point; (g) a sampler downstream of the butane blending point for sampling
  • FIG. 2 this is a schematic illustration showing an exemplary diagram of the above-discussed aspect.
  • the blending skid contains the butane blending components from the butane blending skid shown in FIG. 1, including butane injection pump 203. fast loop 207. composite sampler 208, distillation process analyzer 209. RVP analyzer 210. and programmable logic controller 206.
  • the butane blending components can be used to continuously in-line blend butane into gasoline pipeline 201 at butane blending interface 205.
  • the schematic in FIG. 2 further includes components for blending transmix into gasoline pipeline 201.
  • Transmix tank 211 is connected to gasoline pipeline 201 through transmix pipeline 216 at transmix blending interface 213.
  • the system includes a motorized pump 212, which controls the flow of transmix through transmix pipeline 216.
  • the motor for the pump is a variable frequency drive.
  • the motor can be an across the line starter or other commercially available motor for driving the pump.
  • the system can include transmix injection meter 214 or other measurement meter and control valve for regulating the flow of transmix into the gasoline stream at the transmix blending point.
  • Motorized pump 212 receives commands from programmable logic controller 206, which is discussed in more detail herein.
  • Programmable logic controller 206 can communicate with motorized pump 212 to adjust the flow of transmix into gasoline pipeline 201 at transmix blending interface 213.
  • only one programmable logic controller is used to communicate with both motorized pump 212 and butane injection pump 203, to reduce the equipment that is needed.
  • the transmix-blended gasoline is sampled at point 215 using composite sampler 208. This sampling is done before any injection of butane into the transmix-blended gasoline because the transmix blender must ensure that the final boiling point of the transmix-blended gasoline does not exceed 437 degrees Fahrenheit, per the applicable regulatory framework. These samples can be tested with a lab analyzer at least twice a month to verify compliance.
  • Composite sampler 208 can also be used to test butane properties if needed, using fast loop 207, which takes samples downstream of butane blending interface 205.
  • butane can be blended with the transmix-blended gasoline at butane blending interface 205.
  • Butane from butane tank 204 is blended into gasoline pipeline 201 at butane blending interface 205, using butane pipeline 200.
  • Downstream of butane blending interface 205 the transmix-butane-blended gasoline is sampled using fast loop 207. These samples are then sent to both distillation process analyzer 209 and RVP analyzer 210 for analysis.
  • Both RVP analyzer 210 and distillation process analyzer 209 communicate their measured analysis to programmable logic controller 206.
  • programmable logic controller 206 is an Allen BradleyTM brand programmable logic controller.
  • programmable logic controller 206 is of other types or brands.
  • Programmable logic controller 206 can be set with a fixed maximum vapor pressure, depending on the applicable regulation, certain distillation points, temperature for a vapor-liquid ratio of 20, and any predetermined final boiling point. Any type of information processing unit can be used in place of a programmable logic controller so long as it can receive information from the analyzers and meters and send commands to the respective pumps.
  • distillation process analyzer 209 is placed downstream of transmix blending interface 213 because transmix may not have a linear effect on the final boiling point of the gasoline blend.
  • Programmable logic controller 206 receives the measured distillation points, including the final boiling point from distillation process analyzer 209 and will communicate adjustments to motorized pump 212 as needed. These adjustments will increase or decrease the flow of transmix into gasoline pipeline 201 at gasoline blending interface 213 to ensure that the transmix -blended gasoline stays in compliance with final boiling point regulations.
  • RVP Analyzer 210 also communicates its measured vapor pressure to programmable logic controller 206.
  • the programmable logic controller 206 can communicate with butane injection pump 203 to increase or decrease the amount of butane blended into gasoline pipeline 201 at butane blending interface 205. This is to ensure the vapor pressure, distillation parameters, and the temperature for a vapor-liquid ratio of 20 of the butane- blended gasoline do not exceed the allowable amounts.
  • the sampling and adjustment loop is placed downstream of butane blending interface 205 because, depending on the transmix properties, blending transmix prior to the butane blending may reduce the vapor pressure of the gasoline, thereby allowing additional butane to be blended.
  • Placing RVP analyzer 210 downstream of the butane blending allows the effects of blending both the transmix and butane to be measured.
  • the result of FIG. 2 is a system that can continuously and automatically blend both transmix and butane into gasoline, allowing blenders to decrease the cost of the gasoline by the maximum amount feasible. By continuously measuring these properties, the blender can also ensure compliance with all laws and regulations that may be applicable.
  • the integrated nature of the system further allows the blender to use less resources and space to perform the blending operations.
  • FIG. 2 shows one configuration
  • the integrated blending skid can be practiced in other configurations not shown.
  • other blendstocks could be used in addition to, or instead of, butane.
  • FIG. 1 shows an RVP analyzer and a distillation process analyzer
  • other analyzers could be included to measure various physical properties including but not limited to the sulfur content of the gasoline both pre- and post- blending with transmix and/or butane.
  • a sulfur analyzer can be included at the same location as the distillation process analyzer and RVP analyzer.
  • a sulfur analyzer can be placed on the transmix or butane pipelines to measure the sulfur content of the to-be-blended transmix and/or butane.
  • the programmable logic controller can also be configured to have a maximum allowed sulfur amount and adjust the flow of butane and/or transmix to stay within the sulfur limits, depending on which input has a sulfur value higher than the allowable value for the resultant blended gasoline.
  • exemplary systems described above may use a programmable logic controller or other computing device for electronic control of mechanical components.
  • a programmable logic controller is only one example of a computing device or programmable device, is not intended to suggest any limitation as to scope of use or functionality of the system and/or their possible architectures.
  • an example computing device to at least assist in controlling the blending systems can include one or more processors or processing units, one or more memory components, and a bus that allows the various components and devices to communicate with each other, and can include local data storage, among other components.
  • Memory generally represents one or more volatile data storage media. Memory components can include volatile media, such as random access memory (RAM), and/or nonvolatile media, such as read only memory (ROM), flash memory, and so forth.
  • Bus represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.
  • Bus can include wired and/or wireless buses.
  • Local data storage can include fixed media (e.g., RAM, ROM, a fixed hard drive, etc.) as well as removable media (e.g., a flash memory drive, a removable hard drive, optical disks, magnetic disks, and so forth).
  • fixed media e.g., RAM, ROM, a fixed hard drive, etc.
  • removable media e.g., a flash memory drive, a removable hard drive, optical disks, magnetic disks, and so forth.
  • a media drive/interface accepts removable tangible media, such as flash drives, optical disks, removable hard drives, software products, etc.
  • Logic, computing instructions, or a software program comprising elements of the sharpening controller can reside on removable media readable by the media drive/interface.
  • One or more input/output devices can allow a user to enter commands and information to example device, and also allow information to be presented to the user and/or other components or devices. Examples of input devices include keyboard, a cursor control device (e.g., a mouse), a microphone, a scanner, and so forth. Examples of output devices include a display device (e.g., a monitor or projector), speakers, a printer, a network card, and so forth.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de mélange butane/contaminat dans un PCG sans dépasser des limites réglementaires prédéterminées. Le système peut comprendre : (a) un flux d'essence avec un débit d'essence associé ; (b) un flux de contaminat dans un fluide ; (c) une pompe motorisée pour réguler le débit de contaminat dans le flux d'essence ; (d) un échantillonneur sur le flux d'essence situé en aval du point de mélange de contaminat pour collecter des échantillons à tester ; (e) un flux de butane en communication fluidique avec le flux d'essence au niveau d'un point de mélange de butane en aval du point de mélange de contaminat ; (f) une pompe d'injection de butane pour réguler l'écoulement de butane dans le flux d'essence ; (g) un échantillonneur en aval du point de mélange de butane pour échantillonner l'essence mélangée butane/contaminat résultante ; (h) un analyseur de processus de distillation ; (i) un analyseur de pression de vapeur pour analyser des échantillons de l'essence mélangée butane/contaminat ; et (j) un contrôleur logique programmable.
PCT/US2024/062135 2023-12-29 2024-12-27 Système intégré de mélange butane/contaminat et procédés Pending WO2025145070A1 (fr)

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