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WO2025144704A1 - Compositions comprenant un ou plusieurs composants de blocage - Google Patents

Compositions comprenant un ou plusieurs composants de blocage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025144704A1
WO2025144704A1 PCT/US2024/061242 US2024061242W WO2025144704A1 WO 2025144704 A1 WO2025144704 A1 WO 2025144704A1 US 2024061242 W US2024061242 W US 2024061242W WO 2025144704 A1 WO2025144704 A1 WO 2025144704A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
ohm
fabric
polymer
polymer component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/US2024/061242
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English (en)
Inventor
David D. Horinek
Trenton Horinek
Mehdi GHAFGHAZI
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Atlas Industries Tech LLC
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Atlas Industries Tech LLC
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Filing date
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Publication of WO2025144704A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025144704A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
    • G21F3/02—Clothing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/008—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting against electric shocks or static electricity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/26—Electrically protective, e.g. preventing static electricity or electric shock
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D01F1/106—Radiation shielding agents, e.g. absorbing, reflecting agents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
    • G21F1/10—Organic substances; Dispersions in organic carriers

Definitions

  • compositions comprising one or more blocking components.
  • Radiation exposure from incident light or electromagnetic radiation to humans is a common occurrence. Humans are exposed to natural radiation from a variety of sources in the environment, including cosmic radiation. However, humans are also exposed to larger sources of radiation in particular applications. For example, electromagnetic radiation is widely used in medical diagnostics. Moreover, in larger doses, exposure to incident electromagnetic radiation, such as gamma-rays and X-rays, may be dangerous and can cause physical injury. Thus, protective materials are utilized to block or shield humans from such large doses of radiation exposure.
  • compositions for blocking and/or shielding incident light and/or radiation are disclosed.
  • a composition comprises one or more blocking components and a polymer component.
  • compositions described herein block and/or shield different types of incident light and/or radiation.
  • incident light and/or incident radiation may comprise incident gamma-rays, incident X-rays, incident neutron radiation, incident EMF, or some combination thereof.
  • a composition described herein may have any gsm not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the present disclosure.
  • a composition described herein may have a gsm of 70-1000 or 70-300.
  • the amount of blocking component may be any amount not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the currently disclosure.
  • one or more blocking components are present in the composition in an amount of up to 60 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition.
  • the polymer component may be present in the composition in any amount not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the current disclosure.
  • the polymer component is present in a composition in an amount of 10-99 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the polymer component may be any polymer component not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the current disclosure.
  • a polymer component may be referred to as a “hydrogen-rich polymer.”
  • the polymer component has a hydrogen content of 2-20 wt. %, based on a weight average molecular weight of the polymer component.
  • the polymer component comprises a thermoplastic component.
  • the thermoplastic polymer comprises a polyolefin, an ethylene copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane (PU), polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester, polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyacrylate (PA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), styrene-butadiene- styrene (SBS), an acrylate polymer, polyetheretherketone, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, thermoplastic polyimide, or a mixture of two or more of the foregoing.
  • a polyester comprises polyethylene terephthatlate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA), an alkyd resin, or a mixture of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the polymer component comprises a thermoset polymer.
  • the thermoset polymer comprises thermoset polyester, poly aniline, thermoset polyurethane (PU), thermoset polyimide, silicone, or a mixture of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the polymer component comprises a rubber.
  • the polymer component comprises an epoxy.
  • a polymer component described herein may be classified based on its properties. For example, in some embodiments, a polymer component may be amorphous, crystalline, or semicrystalline.
  • compositions described herein are not limited to a particular form or product.
  • compositions described herein form a film.
  • compositions described herein form a fabric.
  • a fabric described herein may have particular properties.
  • the fibers of a thread of a fabric may have a given denier.
  • the fibers of a thread of a fabric described herein may have a denier of 70-1000, 70-300, or 200-300.
  • a fabric described herein may have a resistance to evaporating heat transfer (RET) score of the first layer of fabric between 6 and 12, according to ISO 11092.
  • RET resistance to evaporating heat transfer
  • garments described herein may further comprise a backer layer.
  • a backer layer in some embodiments, may be formed from a polyester, a polypropylene, a polyamide, a regenerated cellulose, a polyacryonitrile (PAN), or a combination thereof.
  • PAN polyacryonitrile
  • a backer layer is formed from any natural fiber, or regenerated cellulosic or synthetic fiber that is comfortable next to the skin. Further, in some instances, when the garment is worn by a wearer, the backer layer is immediately adjacent to the wearer.
  • Figure 1 A illustrates an X-ray image of a lead vest.
  • compositions described herein block and/or shield different types of incident light and/or radiation.
  • blocking and/or shielding incident light, particles, or fields can refer to absorbing, scattering, modulating, attenuating, reflecting, or otherwise preventing the incident light, particles, or fields from penetrating past or transmitting through the particular form factor of the composition.
  • the incident light, particles, or fields may be any form of radiation and/or light not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the present disclosure.
  • incident light and/or incident radiation may comprise incident gamma-rays, incident X-rays, incident neutron radiation, or incident EMF, or some combination thereof.
  • a composition described herein may block and/or shield incident neutron radiation.
  • neutron radiation comprises radiation in the form of one or more free neutrons.
  • Incident neutron radiation may be produced in any way not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the present disclosure.
  • neutron radiation may be produced by cosmic radiation.
  • neutron radiation may be produced by one or more neutrons obtained from a particle accelerator.
  • a composition described herein may block and/or shield incident neutron radiation in the amount of 5-99%, 5-90%, 5-80%, 5-70%, 5-60%, 5-50%, 5-40%, 5-30%, 5-20%, 5-10%, 10-99%, 10-90%, 10-80%, 10-70%, 10-60%, 10-50%, 10-40%, 10-30%, 10-20%, 20- 99%, 20-90%, 20-80%, 20-70%, 20-60%, 20-50%, 20-40%, 20-30%, 30-99%, 30-90%, 30-80%, 30-70%, 30-60%, 30-50%, 30-40%, 40-99%, 40-90%, 40-80%, 40-70%, 40-60%, 40-50%, 50- 99%, 50-90%, 50-80%, 50-70%, 50-60%, 60-99%, 60-90%, 60-80%, 60-70%, 70-99%, 70-90%, 70-80%, 80-99%, 80-90%, or 90-99% at a given gsm for a
  • a composition described herein may block and/or shield incident EMF.
  • an electromagnetic field comprises a combination of an electric field and a magnetic field.
  • incident EMF may be produced in any way not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the present disclosure.
  • incident EMF may be produced by diagnostic medical equipment, such as MRI machines.
  • sources of incident EMF include but are not limited to power lines, mobile telephones, or credit card readers.
  • compositions described herein may block and/or shield various amounts of incident EMF.
  • the amount of incident EMF blocked by a composition described herein is not limited.
  • a composition described herein may block and/or shield at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 99% of incident EMF at a given gsm for a composition described herein.
  • a composition described herein may block and/or shield incident EMF in the amount of 5-99%, 5-90%, 5-80%, 5-70%, 5-60%, 5-50%, 5-40%, 5-30%, 5-20%, 5-10%, 10-99%, 10-90%, 10-80%, 10-70%, 10- 60%, 10-50%, 10-40%, 10-30%, 10-20%, 20-99%, 20-90%, 20-80%, 20-70%, 20-60%, 20-50%, 20-40%, 20-30%, 30-99%, 30-90%, 30-80%, 30-70%, 30-60%, 30-50%, 30-40%, 40-99%, 40- 90%, 40-80%, 40-70%, 40-60%, 40-50%, 50-99%, 50-90%, 50-80%, 50-70%, 50-60%, 60-99%, 60-90%, 60-80%, 60-70%, 70-99%, 70-90%, 70-80%, 80-99%, 80-90%, or 90-99% at a given gsm for a composition described herein
  • grams per square meter is a unit of measurement for a composition described herein indicating the mass of a composition per square meter.
  • a gsm for a composition described herein may be any gsm not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the present disclosure.
  • a blocking component of a composition described herein may be present in a composition in any amount not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the present disclosure.
  • a blocking component may be present in the composition in an amount of up to 10 wt. %, up to 20 wt. %, up to 30 wt. %, up to 40 wt. %, up to 50 wt. %, up to 60 wt. %, up to 70 wt. %, up to 80 wt.%, up to 90 wt. %, or up to 99 wt.%, based on a total weight of the composition.
  • % 0.5-70 wt. %, 0.5-60 wt. %, 0.5-50 wt. %, 0.5-40 wt. %, 0.5-30 wt. %, 0.5-20 wt. %, 0.5-10 wt. %, 0.5-5 wt. %, 0.5-1 wt. %, 1-99 wt. %, 1-90 wt. %, 1-80 wt. %, 1-70 wt. %, 1-60 wt. %, 1-50 wt. %, 1-40 wt. %, 1- 30 wt. %, 1-20 wt. %, 1-10 wt. %, 1-5 wt.
  • a blocking component described herein may have any average particle size that is not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the present disclosure.
  • the average particle size (D50) of the blocking component is in the range of 0.01 nm and 500,000 nm, 0.01 nm and 250,000 nm, 0.01 nm and 100,000 nm, 0.01 nm and 50,000 nm, 0.01 nm and 25,000 nm, 0.01 nm and 10,000 nm, 0.01 nm and 5,000 nm, 0.01 nm and 1,000 nm, 0.01 nm and 500 nm, 0.01 nm and 250 nm, 0.01 nm and 100 nm, 0.01 nm and 50 nm, 0.01 nm and 25 nm, 0.01 nm and 10 nm, 0.01 nm and 5 nm, 0.01 nm and 1 nm, 0.01 nm and 0.5 nm, 0.01 nm and 0.1 nm
  • the average particle size of a blocking component may be measured using techniques known to one skilled in the art. For example, in some cases, average particle size may be measured using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Moreover, in some embodiments, average particle size may be measured using sieve analysis. For example, in some instances, ASTM B214-22 may be used to assess the average particle size of the blocking component.
  • a gammaray blocking component comprises barium glass.
  • a gamma-ray blocking component comprises aluminum.
  • a gamma-ray blocking component comprises tungsten carbide.
  • a gamma-ray blocking component comprises pozzolan. It is to be understood that in some cases, pozzolan may be doped, such as boron-doped pozzolan.
  • a gamma-ray blocking component comprises graphene.
  • a gamma-ray blocking component comprises magnetite.
  • natural magnetite that is, magnetite with an unaltered or unchanged magnetic field
  • the magnetic field or magnetic properties of magnetite may be altered, tuned, charged, or changed.
  • the magnetic field or magnetic properties of magnetite may be altered, tuned, charged, or changed in any way not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the current disclosure.
  • pulsed electromagnet systems are used to charge the magnetite.
  • Pulsed electromagnet systems are similar to DC electromagnet systems, but instead of a steady current, pulses of current are used to align magnetic domains instead of a constant field. This is helpful for thorough magnetization or magnetizing a bulk amount of magnetite.
  • Alternating current (AC) electromagnet systems use a coil like the DC system, but an alternating current generates a magnetic field that changes direction periodically. In this embodiment, to accomplish magnetization with this system, the magnetite is exposed to this alternating field.
  • a Halbach Array may also be used to tune the magnetic field of magnetite.
  • a Halbach Array is an arrangement of permanent magnets that maximizes the magnetic field on one side of the array while canceling the field to near zero on the other side.
  • the magnetite is placed on the side with the strong magnetic field.
  • high-strength permanent magnets like Neodymium (NdFeB) magnets, may also be used to magnetize the magnetite.
  • magnetite may be placed close to or in contact with the permanent magnet for a duration of time to magnetize the magnetite. Not intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that this is helpful for simplicity and portability, as it does not need power.
  • a gamma-ray blocking component may be present in the composition in any amount not inconsistent with the technical objectives of this disclosure. In some implementations, the gamma-ray blocking component is present in the composition in an amount of 0.1-99 wt.
  • % 0.1-90 wt. %, 0.1-80 wt. %, 0.1-70 wt. %, 0.1-60 wt. %, 0.1-50 wt. %, 0.1-40 wt. %, 0.1-30 wt. %, 0.1-20 wt. %, 0.1-10 wt. %, 0.1-5 wt. %, 0.1-1 wt. %, 0.1-0.5 wt. %, 0.5-99 wt. %, 0.5-90 wt. %, 0.5-80 wt. %, 0.5-70 wt. %, 0.5-60 wt. %, 0.5-50 wt.
  • an X-ray blocking component comprises lead.
  • an X-ray blocking component comprises bismuth.
  • an X-ray blocking component comprises tin.
  • an X-ray blocking component comprises antimony.
  • an X-ray blocking component comprises tungsten carbide.
  • an X-ray blocking component comprises borosilicate glass.
  • an X-ray blocking component comprises graphene. Further, it is also to be understood that in some instances, a plurality of X-ray blocking components may be used.
  • An X-ray blocking component may be present in the composition in any amount not inconsistent with the technical objectives of this disclosure.
  • the X-ray blocking component is present in the composition in an amount of 0.1-99 wt. %, 0.1-90 wt. %, 0.1-80 wt. %, 0.1-70 wt. %, 0.1-60 wt. %, 0.1-50 wt. %, 0.1-40 wt. %, 0.1-30 wt. %, 0.1-20 wt. %, 0.1-10 wt. %, 0.1-5 wt. %, 0.1-1 wt. %, 0.1-0.5 wt.
  • % 0.5-99 wt. %, 0.5-90 wt. %, 0.5-80 wt. %, 0.5-70 wt. %, 0.5-60 wt. %, 0.5-50 wt. %, 0.5-40 wt. %, 0.5-30 wt. %, 0.5-20 wt. %, 0.5-10 wt. %, 0.5-5 wt. %, 0.5-1 wt. %, 1-99 wt. %, 1-90 wt. %, 1-80 wt. %, 1-70 wt. %, 1-60 wt. %, 1-
  • compositions described herein comprise a polymer component.
  • the polymer component may be present in the composition in any amount not inconsistent with the technical objectives of this disclosure.
  • the polymer component is present in the composition in an amount of 10- 99.9 wt.%, 10-99 wt. %, 10-90 wt. %, 10-80 wt. %, 10-70 wt. %, 10-60 wt. %, 10-50 wt. %, 10-
  • the polymer component comprises a homopolymer, copolymer, terpolymer, or a combination thereof.
  • the polymer component comprises an organic polymer.
  • the polymer component comprises a biodegradable polymer.
  • a biodegradable polymer comprises a polymer that is able to be broken down, at least partially, by bacteria through anaerobic or aerobic decomposition.
  • the polymer component comprises a thermoplastic polymer.
  • the thermoplastic polymer comprises a homopolymer, copolymer, terpolymer, or a combination thereof.
  • the thermoplastic polymer may comprise a polyolefin.
  • the polyolefin comprises polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE).
  • polyethylene comprises low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low- density polyethylene (LLDPE), or high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
  • HDPE comprises ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).
  • UHMWPE may have a weight average molecular weight between 3 x 10 6 and 1 x 10 7 g/mol, between 3 and 8 x 10 6 g/mol, 3 x 10 6 and 5 x 10 6 g/mol, between 5 x 10 6 and 1 x 10 7 g/mol, between 5 and 8 x 10 6 g/mol, or between 8 x 10 6 and 1 x 10 7 g/mol.
  • the thermoplastic polymer may comprise thermoplastic polyurethane (PU), polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester, polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyacrylate (PA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), styrene-butadiene- styrene (SBS), an acrylate polymer, polyetheretherketone, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, or thermoplastic polyimide.
  • PU thermoplastic polyurethane
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • polyester polyester
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PS polystyrene
  • PA polyacrylate
  • PAN polyacrylonitrile butadiene styrene
  • ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
  • SBS styrene-butadiene-
  • Non-limiting examples of elastomers include but are not limited to those polyester elastomers from the Hytrel line by DuPont, such as Hytrel G4044H2, Hytrel HTR8245HS, and Hytrel 3078.
  • a thermoplastic comprises an ionomer.
  • Non-limiting examples of ionomers include but are not limited to ethylene ionomers.
  • the polymer component may be a thermoset polymer. In some cases, the thermoset polymer may be a homopolymer, copolymer, terpolymer, or a combination thereof.
  • thermoset polymer comprises thermoset polyester, polyaniline, thermoset polyurethane (PU), thermoset polyimide, or silicone.
  • the polymer component may be a conductive polymer.
  • conductive polymers include but are not limited to polyacetylene, polypyrrole, and polythiophene.
  • the polymer component may comprise a rubber.
  • a rubber may comprise a natural rubber.
  • a natural rubber comprises rubbers obtained from latex.
  • a rubber may comprise a synthetic rubber.
  • a synthetic rubber comprises rubbers that are formed from solution polymerization or emulsion polymerization using synthetic materials.
  • Non-limiting examples of synthetic rubbers include but are not limited to EPDM or EPR rubber, silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylate rubber, fluoroelastomers, and neoprene.
  • the polymer component may comprise a polysaccharide. Any polysaccharide not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the present disclosure may be used.
  • the polysaccharide comprises cellulose, cellulose acetate, starch, chitin, or chitosan.
  • the polymer component may be a regenerated cellulose (e.g., a material made from cellulose as a starting and/or raw material).
  • the polymer component may comprise an epoxy. Any epoxy not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the present disclosure may be used.
  • Non-limiting examples of an epoxy include but are not limited to phenolic glycidyl ethers, aromatic glycidyl amines, and cycloaliphatics.
  • IPNs include but are not limited to naturalsynthetic IPNs, rubber-thermoset IPNs, rubber-thermoset IPNs, acrylate-epoxy IPNs, hydrogel IPNs, thermoplastic-thermoset IPNs, conductive IPNs, and semi-IPNs.
  • a plasticizer may be a mineral oil or a phthalate.
  • phthalates include but are not limited to dioctyl phthalate (DOP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP).
  • a plasticizer may comprise trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM), epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), citrate esters (e.g., tributyl citrate), or polymeric plasticizers.
  • Non-limiting examples of phosphorous-based flame retardants include but are not limited to tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and phenyl phosphonates.
  • a flame retardant comprises an inorganic flame retardant.
  • inorganic flame retardants include but are not limited to Al(0H)3, Mg(0H)2, and zinc borates.
  • a flame retardant comprises an intumescent flame retardant.
  • intumescent flame retardants form a protective char layer when exposed to heat.
  • Non-limiting examples of intumescent flame retardants include but are not limited to expandable graphite and phosphorous-nitrogen-based compounds.
  • an additional additive of a composition described herein comprises one or more antistatic agents.
  • An antistatic agent can be present in a composition described herein in any amount not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the present disclosure.
  • an antistatic agent may be present in the composition in an amount of 0.01-2.5 wt. %, 0.1-2.5 wt. %, 0.2-2.5 wt. %, 1-2.5 wt. %, 0.01-1 wt. %, 0.1-1 wt. %, 0.2-1 wt. %, 0.01-0.2 wt. %, 0.1-0.2 wt. %, or 0.01-0.1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • an antistatic agent comprises non-ionic surfactants.
  • non-ionic surfactants include but are not limited to fatty acid esters, such as sorbitan esters (e.g., sorbitan monooleate), and alkyoxylated alcohols.
  • an antistatic agent comprises an ionic surfactant.
  • ionic surfactants include but are not limited to quaternary ammonium compounds, such as benzalkonium chloride.
  • an ionic surfactant comprises sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • an antistatic agent comprises a conductive filler.
  • a conductive filler increases the conductivity of a composition described herein, which allows for the dissipation of static charge.
  • a conductive filler comprises carbon black.
  • a conductive filler comprises a metallic filler.
  • a metallic filler comprises aluminum powder or copper powder.
  • an antistatic agent comprises a polymeric antistatic agent.
  • a polymeric antistatic agent comprises polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl alcohol.
  • an additional additive of a composition described herein may comprise one or more colorants. Any colorant not inconsistent with the technical objectives of this disclosure may be used.
  • the colorant comprises a dye and/or pigment.
  • a pigment may be organic or inorganic.
  • the colorant may be present in a composition described herein in any amount not inconsistent with the technical objectives of this disclosure. In some instances, for example, a colorant may be present in the composition in an amount of up to 7.5 wt. %, 5 wt. %, up to 4 wt. %, up to 3 wt. %, up to 2 wt. %, up to 1 wt. %, up to 0.5 wt. %, or up to 0.1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • an additional additive of a composition described herein may comprise one or more optical brighteners.
  • An optical brightener can be present in a composition described herein in any amount not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the present disclosure.
  • a colorant may be present in the composition in an amount of up to 5 wt. %, up to 4 wt. %, up to 3 wt. %, up to 2 wt. %, up to 1 wt. %, up to 0.5 wt. %, or up to 0.1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • any optical brightener not inconsistent with the technical objectives of this disclosure may be used.
  • an additional additive of a composition described herein comprises one or more fillers.
  • a filler can be present in a composition described herein in any amount not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the present disclosure.
  • a filler may be present in the composition in an amount of 0.01-10%, 0.01-8%, 0.01-5%, 0.01-2%, 0.01-1%, 0.01-0.5%, 0.5-10%, 0.5-8%, 0.5-5%, 0.5-2%, 0.5-1%, 1-10%, 1- 8%, 1-5%, 1-2%, 2-10%, 2-8%, 2-5%, 5-10%, 5-8%, or 8-10%, based on the total weight of the composition. Any filler not inconsistent with the technical objectives of this disclosure may be used.
  • a filler may comprise calcium carbonate (CaCCh), talc, silica (SiC>2), kaolin (aluminum silicate), glass fibers, barium sulfate (BaSCh), mica, clay, magnesium hydroxide (M (0H)2), or wollastonite (calcium metasilicate).
  • compositions described herein are not limited to a particular form or product.
  • An assortment of forms or products formed from compositions described herein may be contemplated, including but not limited to foams, films, yams (including monocomponent, bicomponent, and tricomponent yarns), fabrics, and/or textiles, rubbers, composites (i.e., thermoplastic composites and thermoset composites), paints, coatings, adhesives, wallpaper, wall coverings, laminates, insulation blocks, tiles, injection-molded products, and cast-molded products.
  • a composition described herein may be in the form of a foam. That is, in some cases, a composition described herein may form a foam as the result of the action of a foaming agent or foaming techniques. Thus, in some instances, a composition described herein further comprises a foaming agent. In some cases, a foaming agent may comprise a chemical foaming agent (CFA). It is to be understood for reference purposes herein that in some implementations, a chemical foaming agent may produce gas and/or gas bubbles upon heating or interacting with the components of a composition to produce gas and/or gas bubbles. Any chemical foaming agent not inconsistent with the technical objectives of this disclosure may be used.
  • CFA chemical foaming agent
  • Non-limiting examples of chemical foaming agents include but are not limited to azodicarbonamide, endothermic foaming agents, such as sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, and organic peroxides.
  • a chemical foaming agent may be present in a composition in any amount not inconsistent with the technical objectives of this disclosure.
  • a chemical foaming agent may be present in the composition in an amount of up to 5 wt. %, up to 4 wt. %, up to 3 wt. %, up to 2 wt. %, up to 1 wt. %, up to 0.5 wt. %, or up to 0.1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • a foaming agent may comprise a physical foaming agent.
  • a physical foaming agent refers to an agent that creates a foam through physical means (i.e., high pressure).
  • a physical foaming agent comprises a gas.
  • the gas comprises carbon dioxide (CO2) or nitrogen (N2).
  • the gas comprises a hydrocarbon.
  • Non-limiting examples of a hydrocarbon include but are not limited to pentane, butane, or isobutane.
  • the gas comprises a fluorinated hydrocarbon.
  • fluorinated hydrocarbons include but are not limited to hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons.
  • a surfactant in combination with a foaming agent, may be used to stabilize the foam. Any surfactant not inconsistent with the technical objectives of this disclosure may be used.
  • the surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant.
  • a non-ionic surfactant comprises an ethoxylated alcohol.
  • the surfactant comprises anionic surfactant.
  • anionic surfactants include but are not limited to sodium lauryl sulfate, fatty alcohol sulfates, and alkylbenzene sulfonates.
  • the surfactant comprises a cationic surfactant.
  • Non-limiting examples of cationic surfactants include but are not limited to benzalkonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, hydroxyethyl laurdimonium chloride, and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride.
  • a surfactant may be present in a composition in any amount not inconsistent with the technical objectives of this disclosure. In some embodiments, a surfactant may be present in the composition in an amount of up to 5 wt. %, up to 4 wt. %, up to 3 wt. %, up to 2 wt. %, up to 1 wt. %, up to 0.5 wt. %, or up to 0.1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • compositions described herein may form a film. It is to be understood that in some cases, a film may comprise or be a relatively thin layer of a composition described herein (meaning, the film can be thin in one dimension, but not necessarily thin in the other two dimensions). Moreover, in some cases, a film formed from a composition described herein may be easily bent, rolled, or folded. In some embodiments, a film formed from a composition described herein comprises a coating. In some instances, a film formed from a composition described herein comprises one or more layers, films, and/or sheets in a laminate product.
  • a film may have particular thicknesses.
  • the film is less than 0.5 mm, less than 0.3 mm, or less than 0.1 mm in thickness.
  • a film formed from a composition described herein comprises a sheet. It is to be understood that in some cases, a sheet comprises films of thicknesses in the range of 0.5-10 mm, 0.5-8 mm, 0.5-5 mm, 0.5-3 mm, 0.5-1 mm, 1-10 mm, 1-8 mm, 1-5 mm, 1-3 mm, 3-10 mm, 3-8 mm, 3-5 mm, 5-10 mm, 5-8 mm, or 8-10 mm.
  • a sheet may have a thickness of at least 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm, or 100 mm. In some cases, a sheet may have a thickness in the range of 10 mm- 100 mm, 10 mm-90 mm, 10 mm-80 mm, 10 mm-70 mm, 10 mm-60 mm, 10 mm-50 mm, 10 mm-40 mm, 10 mm-30 mm, 10 mm-20 mm, 20 mm-100 mm, 20 mm-90 mm, 20 mm-80 mm, 20 mm-70 mm, 20 mm-60 mm, 20 mm-50 mm, 20 mm-40 mm, 20 mm-30 mm, 30 mm-100 mm, 30 mm-90 mm, 30 mm-80 mm, 30 mm-70 mm, 30 mm-60 mm, 30 mm-50 mm, 30 mm-40 mm, 40 mm-100 mm, 40 mm
  • compositions described herein may form a yarn.
  • a yarn may comprise a monocomponent yarn.
  • a yam may comprise a single component comprising a composition described herein.
  • a yarn described herein may form a bicomponent or a tricomponent yarn.
  • a yarn described herein may comprise two or three components, respectively.
  • At least one component in a bicomponent yam comprises a composition described herein.
  • both components in a bicomponent yam comprise a composition described herein.
  • one component of the bicomponent yarn is an additional polymer component.
  • the identity of the additional polymer component is not limited.
  • Non-limiting examples of an additional polymer component include but are not limited to PET, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), elastomers such as copolyester elastomers, polyolefins, polyamides, and polyamide elastomers.
  • the polymer component of the composition described herein and the additional polymer component are the same.
  • the polymer component of the composition described herein and the additional polymer component are similar. Stated differently, in some cases, the polymer component of the composition described herein and the additional polymer component are from the same family (e.g., the polyester family, the polyolefin family, the polyamide family).
  • the morphology of a bicomponent yarn is not limited.
  • the morphology of bicomponent yam may be a sheath-core morphology or an “islands in the sea” morphology.
  • the sheath forms the majority of the outside surface of the fiber of the yam.
  • the sheath forms a covering about the core.
  • the core may be centered in the fiber cross-section or may be off-center.
  • the sheath may cover the core in a complete fashion over the circumference of the fiber or may be only partially covering over the circumference of the fiber.
  • the morphology is distinguished from side-by- side morphologies in that the core makes up the majority of the volume of the fiber.
  • the sheath may comprise a composition described herein or a second polymer component.
  • the core may comprise a composition described herein or an additional polymer component.
  • a bicomponent yarn described herein may have an “islands in the sea” morphology.
  • the “sea” form a continuous matrix in which the “islands” exist.
  • the “islands” are referred to as such because of their appearance in cross- sectional views of the bicomponent fiber, and the “islands” are elements embedded in the continuous “sea” matrix.
  • the “islands” may comprise a composition described herein or an additional polymer component.
  • the “sea” may comprise a composition described herein or an additional polymer component.
  • a yarn described herein comprises a tricomponent yarn.
  • one or more components in a tricomponent yarn comprises a composition described herein.
  • one or more components of the tricomponent yarn comprises an additional polymer component.
  • the identity of the additional polymer component is not limited.
  • Non-limiting examples of an additional polymer component include but are not limited to PET, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), elastomers such as copolyester elastomers, polyolefins, polyamides, and polyamide elastomers.
  • the polymer component of the composition described herein and the additional polymer component are the same.
  • the polymer component of the composition described herein and the additional polymer component are similar. Stated differently, in some cases, the polymer component of the composition described herein and the additional polymer component are from the same family (e.g., the polyester family, the polyolefin family, the polyamide family). In some implementations, the polymer component of the composition described herein and the additional two components of the tri component fiber are the same or from the same family. Additionally, the morphology of a tricomponent yarn is not limited. For example, in some instances, the morphology of a tricomponent yarn is a sheath-core-core morphology or an “islands in the sea” morphology.
  • compositions described herein may form a fabric.
  • a fabric described herein may be coated or uncoated.
  • Non-limited examples of coatings for a fabric described herein include but are not limited to polyvinyl chloride, polyurethanes, silicones, and acrylics.
  • Fibers, yarns, and/or fabrics described herein may have, in some cases, particular properties.
  • the fibers of a thread of a fabric and/or yarn may have a given denier. It is to be understood for reference purposes herein, that denier refers to the mass in grams per 9,000 meters of the individual fibers and/or threads or filaments of a yarn and/or fabric.
  • the fibers of a yarn and/or fabric described herein have a denier of 10-100,000, 10-75,000, 10-50,000, 10-25,000, 10-10,000, 10-1000, 10-950, 10-900, 10-850, 10- 800, 10-750, 10-700, 10-650, 10-600, 10-550, 10-500, 10-450, 10-400, 10-350, 10-300, 10-250, 10-200, 10-150, 10-100, 10-50, 50-100,000, 50-75,000, 50-50,000, 50-25,000, 50-10,000, 50- 1000, 50-950, 50-900, 50-850, 50-800, 50-750, 50-700, 50-650, 50-600, 10-550, 50-500, 50-450, 50-400, 50-350, 50-300, 50-250, 50-200, 50-150, 50-100, 70-1000, 70-300, 100-100,000, 100- 75,000, 100-50,000, 100-25,000, 100-10,000, 100-1000, 100-950, 100-900, 100-850, 100-800, 100-750,
  • a fabric formed from a composition described herein may be considered a “breathable” fabric.
  • the breathability of a fabric is measured using a resistance to an evaporating heat transfer (RET) score.
  • RET evaporating heat transfer
  • a fabric described herein may be extremely breathable.
  • a fabric described herein may have a RET score less than 6.
  • a fabric described herein may be very breathable.
  • a fabric described herein may have a RET score between 6 and 12.
  • a fabric described herein may be moderately breathable.
  • a fabric described herein may have a RET score between 13 and 20.
  • the composition may be further modified to form pellets.
  • a method described herein may further comprise melting the composition.
  • the method may composition extruding the composition. It is to be understood that in some instances, melting, mixing, and extrusion may be performed in a manner known to one of ordinary skill in the art. General methods of melting, mixing, and extrusion are described by Giles Jr, H. F., Wagner Jr., J. R., Mount, E. M., Mount III, E. M. (2013). Extrusion: The Definitive Processing Guide and Handbook (Netherlands: Elsevier Science).
  • curing the melted pellets of the composition comprises moisture curing the melted pellets of the composition or UV curing the melted pellets of the composition.
  • setting the melted pellets of the composition comprises cooling the melted pellets of the composition.
  • the melted composition may be placed into or formed by a mold.
  • a method described herein may comprise casting the melted composition in a mold.
  • the molding process described herein is not limited.
  • the composition may be used in film blowing, rotational molding, extrusion molding, profile extrusion, thermoforming, vacuum forming, thermoset processing techniques (e g., hand lay-up, spray-up, resin transfer molding, compression molding, vacuum molding/bagging, pultrusion, autoclave molding, resin infusion, and thermal pressing), blow molding, heat press molding, calender molding, coating molding, casting molding, dipping molding, transfer molding, and similar molding applications.
  • an article formed from a composition described herein can find application in a variety of fields, such as protective shields.
  • a garment comprises a first layer of fabric, wherein the first layer of fabric is formed from a composition described herein.
  • the composition may be any composition described herein in Section I.
  • a garment described herein may comprise one or more additional layers of fabric.
  • the one or more additional layers of fabric may comprise any material not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the current disclosure. Non-limiting examples of material for such fabric include but are not limited to cotton, linen, leather, wool, silk, polyester, polyamide, viscose, and combinations and/or blends thereof.
  • a garment described herein may comprise an adhesive bonding one or more layers of fabric. Any adhesive not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the current disclosure may be used.
  • the adhesive may comprise a polymer.
  • the polymer comprises an acrylate.
  • Non-limiting examples of an acrylate described herein include but are not limited to a methacrylate.
  • a garment described herein may comprise a backer layer. It is to be understood that, in some implementations, when a garment is worn by a wearer, a backer layer is immediately adjacent to the wearer. In some cases, a backer layer may be adjacent to or immediately touch the skin. Stated differently, in some implementations, a backer layer may be a layer that comes in direct contact with the skin of the wearer. However, in some cases, a backer layer may not be adjacent to or immediately touch the skin. In some instances, another article of clothing and/or another garment may form an additional layer between the garment described herein and the skin.
  • a backer layer may be formed from, comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of any material not inconsistent with the current disclosure.
  • a backer layer may be formed from a polyester (e.g., polyethylene).
  • a backer layer may be formed from a polypropylene.
  • a backer layer may be formed from a polyamide.
  • a backer layer may be formed from a regenerated cellulose or a polyacryonitrile (PAN).
  • PAN polyacryonitrile
  • a backer layer may be formed from a combination and/or blend of materials.
  • a garment may further comprise a closing component. Any closing component not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the current disclosure may be used.
  • a closing component may comprise a hook and eye closure.
  • a closing component may comprise a hook and loop fastener and/or hook and loop closure.
  • a hook and loop fastener may comprise a hook fastener, a loop fastener, or a combination thereof.
  • a closing component may comprise a zipper.
  • a closing component may comprise a button closure.
  • a garment may comprise any article of clothing not inconsistent with the technical objectives of the current disclosure.
  • a garment may comprise a shirt and/or top.
  • a garment may comprise a pant.
  • a garment may comprise a vest.
  • Non-limiting examples of a garment described herein include but are not limited to jackets, sweaters, sweatshirts, leggings, undergarments, socks, hosiery, medical uniforms, and shoes.
  • a garment may include a protective garment.
  • protective garments include but are not limited to thyroid shields, half aprons, full aprons, unitards, sleeves, head caps, and leg wraps.
  • a garment described herein may find application in a variety of fields, such as protective clothing and/or garments for medical diagnostics (e g., X-ray machine operators), protective uniforms (i.e., medical and/or healthcare uniforms and/or uniforms for security agents and/or security guards and/or staff), and protective clothing and/or garments for space travel.
  • a fabric or garment described herein can be made with a laminated film or coating applied to the fabric or garment that contains the above-described radiation blocking or other active materials in a film or coating which is applied to one or more layers of fabric to provide a minimum of 20% radiation blocking (or some other technical effect described hereinabove related to blocking of incident waves, particles, or fields.
  • a composite fabric and/or garment described herein can have integral pockets that are filled with one or more visco-elastic polymer materials filled or loaded with blocking materials described above.
  • the integral polymer can be filled or loaded to provide either the sole or the primary blocking agent for protection from the various incident waves, particles, or fields described above, and such fabrics and/or garments can be used as or attached to or disposed on dividers, walls, rooms and/or personal protection garments.
  • such fabrics, structures, and/or garments can be substantially thicker than traditional knitted and woven fabrics, which do not have such three-dimensional pockets to hold loaded visco-elastic filled polymers of various types as well as natural and synthetic rubbers to provide comfort and conformability in garments worn by individuals who must move and work.
  • such composite structures in dividers, walls and/or rooms can form complex three-dimensional forms to provide increased radiation protection (or protection from other waves, particles, or fields as described above) around various geometries and equipment.
  • radiation-shielding and/or blocking compositions are described.
  • the compositions are shown in Table 1-2.
  • the amount of each component shown in Table 1-2 is in wt. %.
  • “Comp.” means “Composition.” It is to be understood that all components of a given composition add up to 100 wt. %.
  • silver- doped carbon 60 provides unique radiation-protective properties.
  • magnetite tuned with a magnetic field allows the dynamic modulation of the radiation shielding capabilities of blocking compositions described herein.
  • boron-doped pozzolan shields neutrons it is believed that in some cases, boron-doped pozzolan shields neutrons.
  • carbon 60 also known as buckyballs
  • the method incorporates carbon 60 as fullerene in a powder form; colloidal silver; and an organic solvent compatible with carbon 60, such as toluene or benzene.
  • the carbon 60 doping process comprises a preparation step, an additive step, an ultrasonic treatment step, an incubation step, a separation step, a drying step, and a characterization step.
  • the preparation step begins with preparing a carbon 60 solution by dissolving a specific quantity of carbon 60 fullerene in an appropriate organic solvent to create a saturated solution. Next, a magnetic stirrer is utilized to ensure complete dissolution.
  • colloidal silver is added. Colloidal silver is added slowly to the carbon 60 solution while continuously stirring. The amount of colloidal silver added depends on the desired concentration of silver in the final product.
  • the ultrasonic treatment step includes placing the mixture in an ultrasonic bath.
  • the ultrasonic treatment helps to evenly distribute the silver nanoparticles in the solution and enhances the doping of carbon 60 with silver.
  • the solution sits for a predetermined period, often several hours to a few days, depending on the desired level of doping. This step facilitates the interaction between silver nanoparticles and carbon 60 molecules.
  • the separation step begins after incubation. Centrifuging the solution separates the doped carbon 60 particles from the solvent and excess silver nanoparticles. This step may be repeated several times to ensure purity.
  • the drying step includes spreading the wet silver-carbon 60 composition in a thin layer in a vacuum oven. Drying occurs at a low temperature under vacuum to remove any residual solvent.
  • the characterization step begins once the solution is dried.
  • the doped carbon 60 is characterized to confirm successful doping.
  • Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) may be used to confirm successful doping of the carbon 60 particles.
  • the polymer component is a random amorphous propylene-ethylene copolymer with over 80% propylene content.
  • a mineral oil that acts as a plasticizer is further utilized, making the polymer component softer and enhancing its acceptance of the blocking components.
  • the present composition is created through a series of steps: particle size selection, base matrix preparation, incorporation of the blocking components, viscosity control, and post processing.
  • the base matrix preparation includes melting the polymer component using a twin- screw extruder. Further, mineral oil is incorporated gradually until the mixture is homogenized. This yields a softened, more receptive polymer blend with the polymer component: mi neral oil ratio between 0.1 and 0.9.
  • the present Example incorporates a radiation-shielding and/or blocking composition into a filament yarn through a series of steps.
  • a masterbatch preparation utilizes a component selection of the primary matrix, which in some embodiments, may be a hydrogen-rich polymer component.
  • a polymer component comprises a hydrogen-rich polymer, such as polyethylene (for example, UHMWPE) or polypropylene.
  • the blocking components are then dry mixed, based on the percentages provided, to achieve uniform distribution.
  • the components are then further melted and mixed using twin-screw extruders to melt the chosen hydrogen-rich polymer.
  • the pre-mixed blocking components are gradually introduced to ensure a thorough mix.
  • the blend is then cooled and cut it into small pellets, forming the masterbatch.
  • a filament is extruded by feeding the masterbatch pellets at 30 wt.
  • % blocking component into the extruder, where they are melted.
  • the molten polymer mixture is then passed through a spinneret to form continuous filaments.
  • the nascent filaments are drawn and/or stretched to enhance the molecular orientation and the strength of the filament.
  • the composition is then checked for quality control and validation.
  • the filament s strength and elongation properties are assessed.
  • a validation of the shielding effectiveness of the extruded yarn against various radiation types is performed.
  • the process ensures that the filament diameter is consistent across the length.
  • a visual inspection takes place where there is a check for any visible defects or irregularities in the filament.
  • the composition is packed and stored. Once the filament yarn passes quality checks, it is packaged in moisture-proof packaging, ensuring it remains uncontaminated. The yarn is stored in environments that prevent degradation from UV light, moisture, or other environmental factors.
  • melt flow index the melt flow index
  • spinneret design the design and size of the spinneret holes directly influence the diameter and the cross-sectional shape of the filament.
  • drawing ratio which is how much the filament is stretched, is considered to achieve a balance of tensile strength and flexibility.
  • composition described herein is extruded into a film.
  • the film extrusion process begins with preparing a masterbatch by mixing the polymer component with the blocking components. Then, the masterbatch is fed into the film extrusion system. The material is then extruded into thin films, maintaining consistent thickness. The extruded film is then cooled and rolled for storage or further processing.
  • the melt blending heats the polymer blend in the extruder until it reaches a molten state. Afterwards, a flat die is used for producing sheet-like films. The design and gap of the die play roles in determining the final film thickness and quality.
  • the molten blend is extruded through a die, where it takes the shape of a thin film.
  • the extruded film is immediately cooled using a chilled roller to solidify it.
  • the film is stretched in the machine direction (MD) and/or transverse direction (TD) to improve mechanical properties and reduce film thickness.
  • the produced film is rolled onto reels for further processing or storage.
  • the molding process begins with pre-mixing all components of a composition and heating the composition until the composition is homogenous.
  • the polymer component comprises a thermoplastic
  • injection molding, blow molding, or rotational molding may be employed.
  • curing agents may be added, and the composition may be molded into the desired shape and allowed to cure under specified conditions.
  • recycled or bio-based materials may be used, wherever feasible.
  • the components of the composition are pre-processed.
  • the components, especially the polymer component are dried to remove any moisture.
  • particle size may be adjusted using milling or sieving.
  • the composition is formulated such that a sustainable, hydrogen-rich polymer component is used that complements the radiation-shielding capabilities of the blocking components.
  • the polymer component comprises polyethylene (for example, UHMWPE), polypropylene, or bio-based resins.
  • the blocking components are combined in the desired proportions, ensuring a homogenous mix.
  • the appropriate curing agents are incorporated to promote cross-linking in the resin. Additives, like UV stabilizers or flame retardants, are added to composition.
  • a vegan leather garment comprises a microporous tungsten carbide layer and polyurethane layers.
  • the garment further comprises a backer layer.
  • the backer layer comprises a soft brushed polyester knit fabric.
  • an additional garment is manufactured with two layers of vegan leather with tungsten carbide in the microporous and polyurethane layers with backing polyester knit fabric only for the top leather.
  • the bottom leather layer backing does not have tungsten carbide, since this layer may be brushed.
  • tungsten carbide is abrasive and creates discomfort for the user.
  • These two leather layers are bonded together via a hot melt glue type material comprising tungsten carbide, an isotactic propylene with random ethylene blocks, and Miner.
  • blocking components described herein may be considered to be dense or have a higher density in comparison to a polymer component.
  • magnetite has a density of 5.17 g/cm 3 .
  • the density of polyethylene, particularly ultra high molecular weight polyethylene may be in the range of 0.92-0.94 g/cm 3 .
  • textiles described herein formed from a composition comprising a blocking component with a high density such as magnetite, are found to lack flexibility and/or be stiff when the composition also comprises a polymer component that is crystalline.
  • a polymer component that is amorphous may be used.
  • compositions that have the ability to shield forms of radiation are described.
  • the compositions are effective barriers against radiation over a consistent and extended period.
  • Compositions described herein allow for a wide range of products, such as wearables, automotive and aviation interior flooring and barrier parts.
  • EMF electromagnetic hypersensitivity
  • X-ray radiation comes from various sources, both natural and manmade. Humans are constantly exposed to cosmic radiation from space, with higher doses during air flights. Terrestrial radiation, from radioactive materials in soil and rocks, adds to this, along with small amounts of radiation from everyday items, like food and building materials. While these levels are generally low, they contribute to overall exposure. Moreover, in the medical field, devices such as X-ray devices, CT scanners, and mammography units are often used for diagnosing and detecting conditions. These devices use controlled doses of radiation to produce detailed images, but repeated or prolonged use can lead to accumulated exposure and potential health risks.
  • compositions described herein provide an effective solution to this issue by using compositions described to form protective garments. These compositions attenuate radiation, significantly reducing exposure and safeguarding medical personnel during diagnostic procedures. The compositions may enhance occupational safety, ensuring a safer work environment and minimizing the long-term health risks associated with radiation exposure. Compositions described herein may also help to reduce EMF exposure. This may help maintain brain function and mental clarity, improve overall wellness, and reduce the risk of health issues.
  • compositions are described and were tested for their attenuation rate for incident X-ray radiation at 53 keV.
  • the compositions include a knit fabric, a vegan leather, a film, and a rubber.
  • the knit fabric had 4 layers of the composition.
  • X-ray images showing the radio-opacity of each composition to X-rays are shown in Figures 1A-1E.
  • the attenuation rate of each composition is defined by measuring the dose rate of an X-ray energy source ranging from 0 to 1000 keV passing through each composition The attenuation rate was compared to a blank sample using the following formula:
  • the blank sample exhibits zero attenuation and thus no protection.
  • the results are shown in Table 3 for the various compositions tested.
  • the knit fabric composition demonstrated an attenuation rate of 47.97% relative to the blank control, signifying its capacity to protect from X-ray radiation 47.97% better than the blank control in comparison.
  • the leather composition showed an attenuation rate of 68.48%, and the film had an attenuation rate of 64.44%.
  • the accumulated dose for the rubber composition was approximate 100 times less than that of the control lead vest. Of the compositions tested, the rubber composition had the highest attenuation rate.
  • a novel bicomponent yarn for radiation protection textiles is described.
  • the yarn features a sheath-core architecture where approximately 30% of the cross-sectional area is occupied by a core containing noble metal-doped fullerenes (C60). The remaining 70% constitutes a sheath layer embedded with magnetically charged magnetite.
  • the yarn is extruded using a bicomponent fiber spinning process, ensuring a precise distribution of core and sheath materials.
  • the core (30% by volume) is composed of a polymer component.
  • the polymer component comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyamide.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the composition is loaded with C60 fullerenes doped with finely dispersed silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles.
  • the sheath (70% by volume) is formed from a compatible polymer, for instance, a polyolefin or polyimide, homogeneously infused with magnetically tuned magnetite nanoparticles.
  • Textiles produced from this bicomponent yarn can be woven or knit into fabrics for radiation-protective garments, shielding layers in aerospace applications, or advanced shielding media in medical and industrial environments.
  • This bicomponent yarn represents a solution for radiation protection. Not intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that by incorporating silver- and gold-doped C60 fullerenes within a magnetically charged magnetite sheath, the yam provides effective radiation shielding and may be used for multifunctional protective textiles.
  • Embodiment 1 A composition comprising: one or more blocking components; and a polymer component, wherein one or more blocking components are present in the composition in an amount of up to 60 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition; wherein the polymer component is present in the composition in an amount of 10-99 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition; wherein the polymer component has a hydrogen content of 2-20 wt.
  • composition forms a film or a fabric; wherein the composition blocks at least 10% of incident gamma-rays at a grams per square meter (gsm) of 70-1000 or 70-300; wherein the composition blocks at least 10% of incident X-rays at a grams per square meter (gsm) of 70- 1000 or 70-300; wherein the composition blocks at least 10% of incident neutron radiation at a grams per square meter (gsm) of 70-1000 or 70-300; or wherein the composition blocks at least 10% of incident EMF at a grams per square meter (gsm) of 70-1000 or 70-300.
  • Embodiment 2 The composition of Embodiment 1, wherein: the blocking component comprises a gamma-ray blocking component; and the gamma-ray blocking component is present in the composition in an amount of 15-30 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition.
  • Embodiment 6 The composition of Embodiment 5, wherein: the composition forms a fabric; and the composition blocks at least 10% of incident X-rays at a denier of 200-300.
  • Embodiment 7 The composition of Embodiment 5, wherein the X-ray blocking component comprises lead, bismuth, tin, antimony, or a combination thereof.

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Abstract

Selon un aspect, l'invention décrit des compositions pour bloquer un rayonnement incident. Dans certains modes de réalisation, une composition comprend un ou plusieurs composants de blocage et un composant polymère. Dans certains modes de réalisation, un ou plusieurs composants de blocage sont présents dans la composition en une proportion allant jusqu'à 60 % en poids, par rapport à un poids total de la composition. Dans certains cas, le composant polymère est présent dans la composition en une proportion de 20 à 99 % en poids, par rapport au poids total de la composition. Dans certains cas, le composant polymère a une teneur en hydrogène de 2 à 20 % en poids, par rapport à une masse moléculaire moyenne en poids du composant polymère. Dans certains modes de réalisation, la composition forme un film, un revêtement ou un tissu.
PCT/US2024/061242 2023-12-27 2024-12-20 Compositions comprenant un ou plusieurs composants de blocage Pending WO2025144704A1 (fr)

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