WO2025140755A1 - A method of the decontamination of dangerous substances from wood and/or wooden materials - Google Patents
A method of the decontamination of dangerous substances from wood and/or wooden materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2025140755A1 WO2025140755A1 PCT/CZ2024/000032 CZ2024000032W WO2025140755A1 WO 2025140755 A1 WO2025140755 A1 WO 2025140755A1 CZ 2024000032 W CZ2024000032 W CZ 2024000032W WO 2025140755 A1 WO2025140755 A1 WO 2025140755A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- substances
- wooden
- hydroxide
- potassium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/36—Detoxification by using acid or alkaline reagents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
- B09B3/45—Steam treatment, e.g. supercritical water gasification or oxidation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
- B27K3/18—Compounds of alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
- B27K3/20—Compounds of alkali metals or ammonium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/06—Softening or hardening of wood
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/85—Paper; Wood; Fabrics, e.g. cloths
Definitions
- a disadvantage of this technical solution is that contaminated carriers of dangerous substances, such as wood, are also destroyed if they are organic in origin.
- the aforementioned disadvantages are eliminated by a method for decontaminating dangerous substances from wood and/or wooden materiais according to this invention.
- the method involves shredding the contaminated wood and/or wooden material to a maximum size of 1,000 cm 3 , followed by rinsing with a solution of water containing potassium or sodium soap, and/or a surfactant, and/or sodium hydroxide, and/or potassium hydroxide, and/or calcium hydroxide at a minimum concentration of 0.5% by weight and a temperature of at least 15°C.
- the cellulose and lignin in the wood or wooden material absorb the water mixture, leading to the softening of cellulose and lignin fibers. Simultaneously, toxic organic substances or volatile inorganic substances, particularly from the group of polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arenes, and aliphatic compounds, are released.
- saturated and/or superheated steam can be used for decontamination.
- This method of the decontamination of dangerous substances from wood and/or wooden materiais preserves the material's mass and structure while achieving low energy consumption throughout the process.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A method of the decontamination of dangerous substances from wood and/or wooden materials, characterized by the fact that the contaminated wood and/or wooden material is shredded to a maximum size of 1,000 cm3. It is then rinsed with a solution of water containing potassium or sodium soap, and/or a surfactant, and/or sodium hydroxide, and/or potassium hydroxide, and/or calcium hydroxide in a concentration of 0.1 to 15% by weight and at a minimum temperature of 15°C. The cellulose and lignin contained in the wood or wooden material absorb the mixture of water with potassium or sodium soap, and/or a surfactant, and/or sodium hydroxide, and/or potassium hydroxide, and/or calcium hydroxide, leading to the softening of cellulose and lignin fibers. At the same time, this process releases toxic organic substances or volatile inorganic substances, particularly from the group of polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arenes, and aliphatic compounds.
Description
Title: A method of the decontamination of dangerous substances from wood and/or wooden materials
Technical Field
The technical solution of the invention pertains to a method for removing toxic organic substances or voiatile inorganic substances, particularly from the group of polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arenes, and aliphatic compounds, from wood and/or wooden materials.
State of the Art
Several methods for removing dangerous substances from solid materials are known in the prior art. One method involves burning waste material at high temperatures; however, this method is highly energy-intensive and releases harmful substances into the atmosphere during combustion. When burning waste containing organochiorine carbons, highly toxic substances, such as dioxins, can form.
A disadvantage of this technical solution is that contaminated carriers of dangerous substances, such as wood, are also destroyed if they are organic in origin.
For inorganic substances, the residue after incineration is generally thermally transformed to such an extent that it cannot be reused. Another method involves heating the contaminated material to a temperature at which the contaminants evaporate; the vapors are then directed to a condenser where they are liquefied. This method is described, for example, in technical solutions US 5,230,167, US 5,514,286, PV 1996-3781 , UV 1996-5721 , PV 2003-2717, and PV 2004-609.
The disadvantage of these methods is the decontamination at temperatures where, due to the presence of oxygen or air, materials oxidize, or bound oxygen is released into the atmosphere of the decontamination apparatus. When decontaminating organic solid substances, particularly wood, the material often becomes carbonized or ignites.
Another disadvantage is the need for gradual cooling of the decontaminated material to prevent ignition in the case of organic materials, as well as the requirement to remove all gaseous components from the decontamination apparatus to prevent condensation of gases back onto the decontaminated material during cooling.
Essence of the invention
The aforementioned disadvantages are eliminated by a method for decontaminating dangerous substances from wood and/or wooden materiais according to this invention. The method involves shredding the contaminated wood and/or wooden material to a maximum size of 1,000 cm3, followed by rinsing with a solution of water containing potassium or sodium soap, and/or a surfactant, and/or sodium hydroxide, and/or potassium hydroxide, and/or calcium hydroxide at a minimum concentration of 0.5% by weight and a temperature of at least 15°C.
The cellulose and lignin in the wood or wooden material absorb the water mixture, leading to the softening of cellulose and lignin fibers. Simultaneously, toxic organic substances or volatile inorganic substances, particularly from the group of polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arenes, and aliphatic compounds, are released.
It is advantageous to further rinse the wood and/or wooden materials with water vapor at a temperature of at least 100°C, washing dangerous substances out of the opened structure of the contaminated wood or wooden material.
Dangerous substances are then removed along with the water vapor or its condensate for further purification.
Contaminants can be removed using filtration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, or demulsification.
Furthermore, saturated and/or superheated steam can be used for decontamination.
This method of the decontamination of dangerous substances from wood and/or wooden materiais preserves the material's mass and structure while achieving low energy consumption throughout the process.
Examples of Implementing the Invention
Example 1
A method for decontaminating dangerous substances from wood and/or wooden materials according to the presented invention consists in that the contaminated wood
and/or wooden materia! is crushed to a maximum size of 1,000 cm3. The contaminated materia! prepared in this way is piaced in a vertically oriented container, preferably a cylindrical container equipped with an upper openable lid and inlets for liquid and water vapor, arid a lower openable lid with closable openings for the outlet of liquid and water vapor.
The contaminated material is rinsed with a solution of water with potassium soap, where the concentration of the soap in the water is 0.5% by weight. The temperature of the aqueous mixture is preferably 22°C.
Rinsing with the soap solution takes place for 2 to 50 minutes.
During the rinsing of the contaminated material, the mixture of water with potassium soap is absorbed by the cellulose and lignin contained in the wood or wooden material, thereby softening the fibers of cellulose and lignin. At the same time, toxic organic substances or volatile inorganic substances, particularly from the group of polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arenes, and aliphatic compounds, are released.
The wood or wooden material prepared in this way is then rinsed with water vapor at a temperature of 110°C, wherein the contaminated wood and/or wooden material is exposed to water vapor, which washes dangerous substances out of the thus-opened structure, and these substances are, along with the water vapor or its condensate, carried away for further purification.
For example, it is possible to use a mixture of water with sodium soap at a concentration of at least 0.5% by weight, preferably a concentration of 2% by weight.
Example 2
A method for decontaminating dangerous substances from wood and/or wooden materials according to the presented invention consists in that the contaminated wood and/or wooden material is crushed to a maximum size of 1,000 cm3. The contaminated
material prepared in this way is placed in a horizontal rotating container with openable lids equipped with openings far the inlet and outlet of liquid.
The contaminated material is rinsed with a solution of water with an anionic surfactant based on alkylbenzene sulfonate, where the concentration of the surfactant in the water is 3% by weight, and sodium hydroxide, where the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 1% by weight. The temperature of the aqueous mixture is preferably 35°C.
Rinsing of the contaminated material in the aqueous solution of the surfactant and sodium hydroxide takes place for 2 to 50 minutes, preferably 30 minutes.
During the rinsing of the contaminated material, the mixture of water with the surfactant is absorbed by the cellulose and lignin contained in the wood or wooden material, thereby softening the fibers of cellulose and lignin. At the same time, toxic organic substances or volatile inorganic substances, particularly from the group of polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arenes, and aliphatic compounds, are released.
After the washing process is completed, the contaminated material is transferred to a cylindrical vertically oriented container equipped with an upper openable lid and an inlet for water vapor, as well as a lower openable lid with closable openings for the outlet of liquid and condensate. The wood or wooden material is then rinsed with water vapor at a temperature of 150°C, wherein the contaminated wood and/or wooden material is exposed to water vapor, which washes dangerous substances out of the thus-opened structure, and these substances are, along with the water vapor or its condensate, carried away for further purification.
For example, it is possible to use a mixture of water with sodium soap at a concentration of at least 0.25% by weight, preferably a concentration of 2% by weight.
For example, it is possible to use a mixture of water with sodium hydroxide at a concentration of 2% by weight, or potassium hydroxide at a concentration of 4% by weight, or calcium hydroxide at a concentration of 3% by weight.
Industrial Applicability
A method of the decontamination of dangerous substances from wood and/or wooden materials according to this invention can be effectively, economically, and ecologically applied across ail industrial sectors where recycling of industrial materials is required for disposal and/or further use.
Claims
1. A method for decontaminating dangerous substances from wood and/or wooden materials, characterized in that the contaminated wood and/or wooden material is crushed to a maximum size of 1 ,000 cm3, which is then rinsed with a solution of water with potassium or sodium soap, and/or a surfactant, and/or sodium hydroxide, and/or potassium hydroxide, and/or calcium hydroxide in a concentration of 0.1 to 15% by weight and at a temperature of at least 15°C, wherein the cellulose and lignin contained in the wood or wooden material absorb the mixture of water with potassium or sodium soap, and/or a surfactant, and/or sodium hydroxide, and/or potassium hydroxide, and/or calcium hydroxide, and the fibers of cellulose and lignin are softened while toxic organic substances or volatile inorganic substances, particularly from the group of polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arenes, and aliphatic compounds, are released.
2. A method for decontaminating dangerous substances from wood and/or wooden materials according to claim 1 , characterized in that the contaminated wood and/or wooden material is rinsed with water vapor at a temperature of at least 100*C, wherein the contaminated wood and/or wooden material is exposed to water vapor, which washes dangerous substances out of the thus-opened structure, and these substances are, along with the water vapor or its condensate, carried away for further purification.
3. A method for decontaminating dangerous substances from solid materials according to claim 2, characterized in that the contaminants are removed by filtration, and/or ultrafiltration, and/or reverse osmosis, and/or demulsification.
4. A method for decontaminating dangerous substances from solid materials according to claim 2, characterized in that saturated and/or superheated water vapor is used for the decontamination.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CZPV2023-517 | 2023-12-29 | ||
| CZ2023-517A CZ2023517A3 (en) | 2023-12-29 | 2023-12-29 | Method for decontamination of hazardous substances from wood and/or wood materials |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2025140755A1 true WO2025140755A1 (en) | 2025-07-03 |
Family
ID=94685355
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CZ2024/000032 Pending WO2025140755A1 (en) | 2023-12-29 | 2024-12-28 | A method of the decontamination of dangerous substances from wood and/or wooden materials |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CZ (1) | CZ2023517A3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2025140755A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4402015A1 (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 1995-07-20 | Tech Wissenschaftliche Ges Mbh | Wet chemical-physical decontamination of shredded old wood e.g. railway sleepers |
| WO2000074909A1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-14 | Enigma N.V. | Method for extracting and recycling waste chemically treated wood |
| CN102225563A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-10-26 | 信和光伏硅材料（福建）有限公司 | Method for cleaning treatment of wood chip |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE508392C2 (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 1998-10-05 | Torgny A Mellin | Procedures for separating pollutants from a material contaminated with the pollutant |
| CZ309369B6 (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-10-12 | IMPEX TRADE CZ, s.r.o. | Method of decontaminating hazardous substances from solid materials |
| CZ2022450A3 (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2024-03-20 | Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze | A method of treatment of recycled wood to reduce the emission of volatile organic substances contained in it |
-
2023
- 2023-12-29 CZ CZ2023-517A patent/CZ2023517A3/en unknown
-
2024
- 2024-12-28 WO PCT/CZ2024/000032 patent/WO2025140755A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4402015A1 (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 1995-07-20 | Tech Wissenschaftliche Ges Mbh | Wet chemical-physical decontamination of shredded old wood e.g. railway sleepers |
| WO2000074909A1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-14 | Enigma N.V. | Method for extracting and recycling waste chemically treated wood |
| CN102225563A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-10-26 | 信和光伏硅材料（福建）有限公司 | Method for cleaning treatment of wood chip |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CZ310417B6 (en) | 2025-05-28 |
| CZ2023517A3 (en) | 2025-05-28 |
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