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WO2025038022A1 - Livre de codes non cohérent en mode 1 à pleine puissance pour ue 8 tx - Google Patents

Livre de codes non cohérent en mode 1 à pleine puissance pour ue 8 tx Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025038022A1
WO2025038022A1 PCT/SE2024/050725 SE2024050725W WO2025038022A1 WO 2025038022 A1 WO2025038022 A1 WO 2025038022A1 SE 2024050725 W SE2024050725 W SE 2024050725W WO 2025038022 A1 WO2025038022 A1 WO 2025038022A1
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Prior art keywords
layers
antenna port
antenna
sets
ports
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English (en)
Inventor
Chandan PRADHAN
Robert Mark Harrison
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/0486—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking channel rank into account
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/0478—Special codebook structures directed to feedback optimisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0691—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using subgroups of transmit antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0404—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas the mobile station comprising multiple antennas, e.g. to provide uplink diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0636—Feedback format
    • H04B7/0639—Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a cellular communications system and, more specifically, non-coherent uplink transmission of L layers in a cellular communications system.
  • 3GPP 3 rd Generation Partnership Project
  • NR New Radio
  • DL downlink
  • UL uplink
  • a subframe is further divided into multiple slots of equal duration.
  • the slot length depends on subcarrier spacing. For 15 kilohertz (kHz) subcarrier spacing, there is only one slot per subframe. In general, for 15 ⁇ 2 kHz subcarrier spacing, where /z G ⁇ 0,1, 2, 3, 4 ⁇ , there are 2 slots per subframe.
  • each slot consists of 14 symbols (unless extended cyclic prefix is configured).
  • a system bandwidth is divided into Resource Blocks (RBs) each corresponding to 12 contiguous subcarriers.
  • RBs Resource Blocks
  • One subcarrier during one symbol interval forms one Resource Element (RE).
  • RE Resource Element
  • the channel that carries data in the NR UL is called the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).
  • PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
  • CP-OFDM Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • DFT-S-OFDM Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • CB Codebook
  • NCB Non-Codebook
  • the next generation Node B configures, in Radio Resource Control (RRC), the transmission scheme through the higher-layer parameter txConfig in the PUSCH-Config Information Element (IE).
  • CB-based transmission can be used for non-calibrated User Equipments (UEs) and/or for Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) (i.e., UL/DL reciprocity does not need to hold).
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplexing
  • NCB-based transmission relies on UL/DL reciprocity and is, hence, intended for Time Division Duplexing (TDD).
  • TDD Time Division Duplexing
  • CB-based PUSCH is enabled if the higher-layer parameter txConfig is set to ‘codebook’.
  • CB-based PUSCH transmission can be summarized in the following steps:
  • the UE transmits Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), configured in an SRS resource set with higher-layer parameter usage in SRS-Config IE set to ‘codebook’.
  • SRS Sounding Reference Signal
  • the gNB determines the number of layers (or rank) and a preferred precoder (i.e., Transmitted Precoding Matrix Indicator (TPMI)) from a codebook subset based on the received SRS from one of the SRS resources.
  • TPMI Transmitted Precoding Matrix Indicator
  • the codebook subset is configured via the higher-layer parameter codebookSubset, based on reported UE capability, and is one of
  • non-coherent ‘noncoherent’
  • the gNB indicates the selected SRS resource via a 1-bit SRS Resource Indicator (SRI) field in the Downlink Control Information (DCI) scheduling the PUSCH transmission. If only one SRS resource is configured in the SRS resource set, the SRI field is not indicated in DCI.
  • SRI SRS Resource Indicator
  • the gNB indicates, via DCI, the number of layers and the TPMI.
  • Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS) port(s) associated with the layer(s) are also indicated in DCI.
  • DM-RS Demodulation Reference Signal
  • the number of bits in DCI used for indicating the number of layers (if transform precoding is enabled, the number of PUSCH layers is limited to 1) and the TPMI is determined as follows (unless UL full-power transmission is configured, for which the number of bits may be different):
  • the UE performs PUSCH transmission over the antenna ports corresponding to the SRS ports in the indicated SRS resource.
  • the TPMI field indicates a precoding matrix that UE should use for PUSCH.
  • the number of antenna ports is 4, the number of layers is 1, and transform precoding is disabled then the set of possible precoding matrices is shown in Table 5.
  • the number of antenna ports is 4, the number of layers is 4, and transform precoding is disabled then the set of possible precoding matrices is shown in Table 6.
  • Table 5 Precoding matrix, W , for single-layer transmission using four antenna ports when transform precoding is disabled (reproduced from Table 6.3.1.5-3 of 3GPP TS 38.211).
  • Table 6 Precoding matrix, W, for four-layer transmission using four antenna ports when transform precoding is disabled (reproduced from Table 6.3.1.5-7 of 3GPP TS 38.211).
  • the Rel-15 power scaling specification may have benefits since it limits the required output power per PA at the UE. For example, for a 4 port UE, regardless of rank, coherence capability, and precoder selection, the power scaling scheme makes sure that a maximum of Pcmax/4 is required from respective PA (assuming one PA per antenna port at the UE). This makes it cheaper to implement the UE, since low power PAs are cheaper than high power PAs. However, if a 4-port UE is equipped with one or more PAs with higher output power than Pcmax/4, then Rel-15 power scaling will limit the potential of utilizing the extra output power.
  • PA Power Amplifier
  • Mode 1 is intended to support full power transmission for noncoherent and partially coherent UEs with PA ‘Capability 2’ and ‘Capability 3’.
  • An example of a 2 Tx non-coherent Mode 1 UE is shown in Figure 2. Since here the UE transmits with rank 1 precoder [1 1], the UE will transmit on both of its Tx chains, where both are half power, such that the UE transmits the full 23 dBm.
  • Mode 1 (and in general any UE implementation that transparently virtualizes antenna ports to combine Tx chains’ power) is that the fully coherent precoders will combine UL signals from UE Tx chains (antenna ports) that do not have controlled phase coherency. This implies that the transmitted signals when added up at the receiving antennas may combine either constructively or destructively depending on the uncontrolled phase difference between the UE Tx chains (during the time of PUSCH transmission), the channel, and the applied precoder. This unpredictable behavior will make it difficult for the Transmission and Reception Point (TRP) to determine a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) and rank for the UL transmission, leading to deteriorated UL performance.
  • TRP Transmission and Reception Point
  • MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
  • a way to mitigate this problem is to introduce a relative delay, also called Cyclic Diversity Delay (CDD), between the antenna ports during UL transmission.
  • CDD Cyclic Diversity Delay
  • This use of CDD is shown in Figure 2 with the delay unit Z ⁇ N .
  • the delay results in a relative phase between the antennas that increases linearly with frequency. If the bandwidth of the transmission is sufficiently large given the delay, the relative phase will sweep over all possible values, averaging over both the constructive and destructive combinations, and the power of the received signal will be the sum of the power of the signal transmitted on both Tx chains through the channel to each antenna.
  • the UE can apply a delay for each antenna port of k8 where k is the port index and 8 is some delay that is small enough to be transparent to the gNB and not significantly degrade channel estimation.
  • the UE will then use the same delay when transmitting the SRS ports as when transmitting PUSCH.
  • the gNB can then sum the channel estimates from each of the SRS to match the effective channel of the PUSCH transmitted with a [1 1] precoder, thereby obtaining accurate Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) and rank estimates when the bandwidth and delay are sufficiently large.
  • CQI Channel Quality Indicator
  • the PUSCH bandwidth is too small for CDD to cycle the precoders adequately and the antenna patterns overlap, since the SRS relative phase is not controlled and may be different from the relative phase of the PUSCH, the CQI and rank estimates may be inaccurate when the gNB synthesizes the composite channel from the SRS ports.
  • a method performed by a UE comprises receiving an indication of L layers for transmission, wherein L is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8.
  • the method further comprises, for each layer of the L layers, identifying one or more of a plurality of antenna port sets to be used for transmission of the layer.
  • the method further comprises transmitting the L layers using, for each layer of the L layers, the one or more of the plurality of antenna port sets identified for the layer. For any value of L, the following are true.
  • each antenna port set of the one or more of the plurality of antenna ports sets identified for any of the L layers all ports in the antenna port set are used for transmitting the L layers.
  • a maximum number of antenna ports per layer over all L layers used for transmitting the L layers, Pmax, is at most one greater than a minimum number of antenna ports per layer over all L layers used for transmitting the L layers, Pmin. If a layer of the L layers is transmitted on more than one antenna port in a same antenna port set, the UE transmits the layer on the more than one antenna port non-coherently. In this manner, full power mode 1 codebook transmission is enabled for an 8 Tx non-coherent UE.
  • Pmax is one greater than Pmin.
  • antenna port sets of the plurality of antenna port sets have at least two distinct sizes.
  • each antenna port set of the plurality of antenna port sets has a size of either 2, 4, or 8 antenna ports.
  • transmitting the L layers comprises, for a layer from among the L layers that is transmitted on more than one antenna port, transmitting the layer on the more than one antenna port non-coherently. In one embodiment, transmitting the layer on the more than one antenna port non-coherently comprises transmitting the layer on the more than one antenna port with a relative phase. In one embodiment, the relative phase is according to an implementation of the UE.
  • identifying the one or more of the plurality of antenna port sets to be used for transmission of each layer of the L layers comprises identifying a precoder from among a set of one or more precoders defined by a predefined codebook for L layers.
  • a precoder from among a set of one or more precoders defined by a predefined codebook for L layers.
  • the plurality of antenna port sets comprises a plurality of antenna ports sets in which one or more of the following apply: (a) antenna port sets having 8 ports comprise antenna ports ⁇ 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ⁇ ; (b) antenna port sets having 4 ports comprise: ⁇ 0, 1,4,5 ⁇ or ⁇ 2, 3, 6, 7 ⁇ ; (c) antenna port sets having 2 ports comprise ⁇ 0,4 ⁇ , ⁇ 1,5 ⁇ , ⁇ 2,6 ⁇ , or ⁇ 3,7 ⁇ ; or (d) a combination of any two or more of (a) to (c).
  • the indication of the single antenna port set further identifies that transmitting the L layers alternatively comprises transmitting on a single antenna port of the antenna port set rather than transmitting on all ports of the set.
  • a UE is adapted to receive an indication of L layers for transmission, wherein L is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8.
  • the UE is further adapted to, for each layer of the L layers, identify one or more of a plurality of antenna port sets to be used for transmission of the layer.
  • the UE is further adapted to transmit the L layers using, for each layer of the L layers, the one or more of the plurality of antenna port sets identified for the layer. For any value of L, the following are true. For each antenna port set of the one or more of the plurality of antenna ports sets identified for any of the L layers, all ports in the antenna port set are used for transmitting the L layers.
  • a maximum number of antenna ports per layer over all L layers used for transmitting the L layers, Pmax, is at most one greater than a minimum number of antenna ports per layer over all L layers used for transmitting the L layers, Pmin. If a layer of the L layers is transmitted on more than one antenna port in a same antenna port set, the UE transmits the layer on the more than one antenna port non- coherently.
  • a UE comprises a communication interface comprising a transmitter and a receiver, and processing circuity associated with the communication interface.
  • the processing circuitry is configured to cause the UE to receive an indication of L layers for transmission, wherein L is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8.
  • the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the UE to, for each layer of the L layers, identify one or more of a plurality of antenna port sets to be used for transmission of the layer.
  • the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the UE to transmit the L layers using, for each layer of the L layers, the one or more of the plurality of antenna port sets identified for the layer. For any value of L, the following are true.
  • a maximum number of antenna ports per layer over all L layers used for transmitting the L layers, Pmax, is at most one greater than a minimum number of antenna ports per layer over all L layers used for transmitting the L layers, Pmin. If a layer of the L layers is transmitted on more than one antenna port in a same antenna port set, the UE transmits the layer on the more than one antenna port non-coherently.
  • a method performed by a network node comprises, for non-coherent controlling and receiving non-coherent transmissions on antenna ports in each of one or more layers, determining an indication of L layers for transmission by the UE, wherein L is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8, wherein the determining comprises, for each layer of the L layers, identifying one or more of a plurality of antenna port sets to be used for transmission of the layer by the UE.
  • the method further comprises transmitting the indication to the UE and receiving a transmission from the UE of the L layers that uses, for each layer of the L layers, the one or more of the plurality of antenna port sets identified for the layer.
  • any value of L the following are true. For each antenna port set of the one or more of the plurality of antenna ports sets identified for any of the L layers, all ports in the antenna port set are used for the transmission.
  • a maximum number of antenna ports per layer over all L layers in the transmission, Pmax is at most one greater than a minimum number of antenna ports per layer over all L layers in the transmission, Pmin. If a layer of the L layers is transmitted on more than one antenna port in a same antenna port set, the layer is transmitted on the more than one antenna port non-coherently.
  • a network node for a Radio Access Network (RAN) of a cellular communications system is adapted to determine an indication of L layers for transmission by the UE, wherein L is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8, wherein the determining comprises, for each layer of the L layers, identifying one or more of a plurality of antenna port sets to be used for transmission of the layer by the UE.
  • the network node is further adapted to transmit the indication to the UE and receive a transmission from the UE of the L layers that uses, for each layer of the L layers, the one or more of the plurality of antenna port sets identified for the layer. For any value of L, the following are true.
  • a maximum number of antenna ports per layer over all L layers in the transmission, Pmax, is at most one greater than a minimum number of antenna ports per layer over all L layers in the transmission, Pmin. If a layer of the L layers is transmitted on more than one antenna port in a same antenna port set, the layer is transmitted on the more than one antenna port non-coherently.
  • a network node for a RAN of a cellular communications system comprises processing circuitry configured to cause the network node to determine an indication of L layers for transmission by the UE, wherein L is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8, wherein the determining comprises, for each layer of the L layers, identifying one or more of a plurality of antenna port sets to be used for transmission of the layer by the UE.
  • the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the network node to transmit the indication to the UE and receive a transmission from the UE of the L layers that uses, for each layer of the L layers, the one or more of the plurality of antenna port sets identified for the layer. For any value of L, the following are true.
  • a maximum number of antenna ports per layer over all L layers in the transmission, Pmax, is at most one greater than a minimum number of antenna ports per layer over all L layers in the transmission, Pmin. If a layer of the L layers is transmitted on more than one antenna port in a same antenna port set, the layer is transmitted on the more than one antenna port non-coherently.
  • Figure 1 illustrates three different User Equipment (UE) Power Amplifier (PA) architectures that were agreed in 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release (Rel-) 16 to be considered when specifying the Rel- 16 power scaling modes;
  • UE User Equipment
  • PA Power Amplifier
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a two (2) transmit (Tx) non-coherent Mode 1 UE
  • Figure 3 shows an example of rank three (3) transmission, where eight (8) antenna ports are arranged as group of four dual polarized antenna ports, where the antenna ports are not expected to maintain mutual coherence between them;
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart that illustrates the operation of a UE in accordance with at least some of the embodiments described herein;
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart that illustrates the operation of a network node in accordance with at least some of the embodiments described herein;
  • Figure 6 shows an example of a communication system, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 7 shows a UE in accordance with some embodiments
  • Figure 8 shows a network node in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a host, which may be an embodiment of the host of Figure 6, in accordance with various aspects described herein;
  • Figure 10 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized.
  • Figure 11 shows a communication diagram of a host communicating via a network node with a UE over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments.
  • an antenna group is a group of antenna ports that are mutually coherent (i.e., ports among which relative phase can be controlled by a UE configured for coherent operation among the ports and e.g., on the same antenna panel).
  • 3GPP RAN1#113 [R1-2304430J, the following agreements were made, for the transmission of maximum of rank 8 from 8-Tx UE configured with 8 SRS port.
  • Alt3 For codebook-based 8TX PUSCH transmission, Alt3 is supported, where
  • the NC precoder design forms the basis for embodiments of the solutions described herein.
  • the selection vectors i.e. those that correspond to transmission on one antenna port per layer, are used such that, for rank r, (i) one antenna port carries only one layer and (ii) all the layers can be transmitted non-coherently on the r out of 8 antenna ports, giving total of 255 precoding candidates.
  • Figure 3 shows an example of rank 3 transmission, where the 8 antenna ports are arranged as group of four dual polarized antenna ports, where the antenna ports are not expected to maintain mutual coherence between them.
  • Figure 3 illustrates rank 3 NC 8 Tx transmission, i.e., N g — 8, where the ports ⁇ 0, 1, 2, 3 ⁇ and ⁇ 4, 5, 6, 7 ⁇ belong to opposite polarization.
  • the three layers are transmitted non-coherently from antenna port ⁇ 1, 2, 5 ⁇ .
  • the selection vectors were agreed to be used as NC precoders, while the NC codebook is not allowed to contain precoders with higher coherence (fully or partially coherent precoders).
  • the selection vectors prevent full power transmission, which can degrade the performance of a single radio link.
  • the absence of higher coherence precoders avoids the design of full power mode 1 precoders for NC transmission using the Rel-16 design.
  • the agreed NC codebook has 255 candidates which allow addition of just one full power precoder without increasing the Downlink Control Information (DCI) bits to 9 bits. This may not be sufficient to provide good performance for rank 1-8 NC transmission. This calls for new solutions to facilitate full power mode 1 transmission for a NC 8 Tx UE operating with Rel- 15 power scaling.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • the precoders allow the transmission of at least one layer for rank r ⁇ 8 from more than one antenna port, allowing full power transmission. Furthermore, for rank r ⁇ 4, the precoders allow the transmission from a subset of antenna ports (along with all the antenna ports) such that each layer is non-coherently transmitted on at least 2 antenna ports.
  • Embodiment 1 (Antenna groups are selected and each is fully occupied. Ports are split near-equally among layers. If two or more ports occupy a layer, they are transmitted non- coherently.)
  • Embodiment 2 (Non-coherent transmission is where UE is not required to set the relative phase among antenna ports, and so this is left to UE implementation.)
  • the method of embodiment 1, wherein transmitting the L layers comprises, for a layer from among the L layers is transmitted on more than one port, transmitting the more than one ports on the layer non-coherently.
  • Embodiment 3 The method of embodiment 2, wherein transmitting the more than one ports on the layer non-coherently comprises transmitting the ports with a relative phase
  • Embodiment 4 The method of embodiment 3, wherein the relative phase is according to the UE’s implementation.
  • Embodiment 7 (The 3 GPP port mapping may be used) The method of any of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the plurality of antenna port sets comprises a plurality of antenna ports sets in which: a. Port sets having 8 ports comprise antenna ports ⁇ 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ⁇ ; b. Port sets having 4 ports comprise: ⁇ 0, 1,4,5 ⁇ or ⁇ 2, 3, 6, 7 ⁇ ; c. Port sets having 2 ports comprise ⁇ 0,4 ⁇ , ⁇ 1,5 ⁇ , ⁇ 2,6 ⁇ , or ⁇ 3,7 ⁇ ; or d. A combination of any two or more of a to c.
  • Embodiment 8 (Single antenna port selection is additionally allowed) The method of any of embodiments 1 to 7, further comprising a.
  • Certain embodiments may provide one or more of the following technical advantage(s). Since the agreements in RAN#113 prevent the full power transmission for a non-coherent UE, as explained above, the embodiments of the proposed solution provide a full power mode 1 codebook for an 8 Tx non coherent UE, requiring DCI signaling overhead of 5 bits. The precoders for the codebook allow full power transmission by non-coherently transmitting at least layer from more than one antenna ports.
  • the non-coherent codebook defined for 8 Tx operation in Rel-18 uses 255 precoders, and it does not so far support uplink full power operation. This means that there is room to add one more precoder that can support full power mode 1 operation, which will severely limit the benefit of UL full power operation, since at most one rank and set of antenna ports could be used to obtain full power. Therefore, a better approach is to define a non-coherent codebook that supports UL full power mode 1 operation.
  • a full power mode 1 specific codebook could include the selection vectors from the current non-coherent codebook.
  • the selection vectors cannot actually improve performance of a single radio link if the Rel-15 power scaling is used, since transmitting on more than one port will always improve this performance.
  • One rationale for selection vectors in Rel-15 was that they could be used for power saving, and so a mix of lesser and higher coherence precoders was included in the Rel-15 codebooks.
  • codebook coherence subsets are not to be supported in Rel-18 according to recent discussions in 3GPP RANI, UEs can be RRC configured with different coherence codebooks possibly containing selection precoder to enable the power savings from these precoders. Therefore, power savings is supported for 8 Tx UEs via RRC reconfiguration rather than dynamic selection of precoders in DCI, and power savings should not be a consideration in the design of the mode 1 codebook.
  • selection vectors cannot improve the performance of a single radio link for noncoherent UEs versus multi-port transmission, if directional antennas are used, selecting antennas can be better than multi-port, since interference can be controlled.
  • mode 1 transmission is intended to deliver more power to the UE’s serving gNB, and transmitting in different directions will generally reduce the power received by the serving gNB. Therefore, at least pairs of antennas should be co-boresighted, which is in line with the cross polarized arrays assumed for 8 Tx. It can make sense for a codebook design to allow selection of N pairs or groups of antennas.
  • the Rel- 18 codebook fully and partially coherent designs support antenna port group sizes of 2, 4, or 8 ports per group.
  • a mode 1 codebook could therefore combine over 2, 4, or 8 ports.
  • the designs should try to keep the same number of ports per layer in a multi-layer transmission.
  • the concept of group selection can be reused for the non-coherent codebook design.
  • a design approach can be illustrated as follows using a rank 2 example.
  • a full power non-coherent codebook can be designed such that the precoders restricts one layer per port, while allowing transmission from a subset of port sets (equivalently ‘port groups’ and ‘antenna port sets’) and from all port sets for each rank. Accordingly, the following principle can be used for the precoder design, where the resultant codebook in tabulated in Table 7 below:
  • the precoder is designed such that the four layers are transmitted from a set of four port sets with each port set consisting of two ports resulting in 1 precoder. This gives a total of 1 precoder for rank 4.
  • Rank 7 The precoders are designed such that the seven layers are transmitted from four port sets with each port set consisting of two ports, resulting in 1 precoder for rank 7. Note that each of the first three port sets carries two layers, while the fourth antenna port set non- coherently combines one layer to achieve a full power transmission.
  • Rank 8 The precoders are designed such that the eight layers are transmitted from four port sets with each port set consisting of two ports, resulting 1 precoder for rank 8. Note that each of the port sets carries two layers to achieve a full power transmission.
  • NC Mode 1 codebook uses group selection of all possible combinations of 2, 4, and 8 port groups, with near-equal number of ports/layers, and striving for one group per layer.
  • a group is either fully occupied or not occupied
  • the maximum number of ports per layer can be at most one greater than the minimum number of ports per layer
  • rank selection is over groups containing 2, 4, and/or 8 ports. o Ranks ⁇ 1,2, 3, 4 ⁇ use ⁇ 7, 7, 5,1 ⁇ precoders with ⁇ 1,2,4 ⁇ , ⁇ 2,4 ⁇ , ⁇ 3,4 ⁇ , or ⁇ 4 ⁇ groups per precoder.
  • 8 port antenna groups used are: ⁇ 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ⁇ ; 4 port antenna groups are: ⁇ 0, 1,4,5 ⁇ and ⁇ 2, 3, 6, 7 ⁇ ; and two port antenna groups are ⁇ 0,4 ⁇ , ⁇ 1,5 ⁇ , ⁇ 2,6 ⁇ , and ⁇ 3,7 ⁇
  • antenna groups are selected and each is fully occupied, ports are split near-equally among the layer, and if two or more ports occupy a layer, they are transmitted non-coherently. More specifically, the UE transmits non-coherently on antenna ports in each of L layers, wherein L is at least one, and a plurality antenna port sets each has a size of one of 2, 4, or 8 ports per set. The UE receives an indication of the L layers that identifies which of the antenna port sets are to be used for each of the L layers. The UE then transmits the L layers. For the transmission of the L layers, if a port set is used by the transmission, all ports in the set are used.
  • the maximum number of ports per layer over all layers in the transmission, Pmax, is at most one greater than the minimum number of ports per layer over all layers in the transmission, Pmin.
  • the UE transmits the ports on the layer non-coherently.
  • the UE may identify which of the antenna port sets are to be used for each of the layers by receiving DCI in a PDCCH that identifies a precoding matrix The precoding matrix is used by the UE to map the ports and port sets to each of the L layers.
  • port sets comprise Rel-18 antenna port groups
  • the UE may use the Rel-18 port to antenna group mapping to identify ports in port sets. Similar methods to those used in Rel- 15 UL MIMO may be used for the port to layer mapping.
  • non-coherent transmission is where UE is not required to set the relative phase among antenna ports, and so this is left to UE implementation.
  • transmitting the ports on the layer non-coherently further comprises transmitting the ports with a relative phase according to the UE’s implementation.
  • the number of port sets is constrained for a given number of layers.
  • transmission can be according to one or more of the following:
  • transmission can be according to one or more of the following:
  • the 3 GPP port mapping may be used.
  • transmission can be according to one or more of the following:
  • Port sets having 8 ports comprise antenna ports ⁇ 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ⁇ ;
  • Port sets having 4 ports comprise: ⁇ 0, 1,4,5 ⁇ or ⁇ 2, 3, 6, 7 ⁇ ;
  • Port sets having 2 ports comprise ⁇ 0,4 ⁇ , ⁇ 1,5 ⁇ , ⁇ 2,6 ⁇ , or ⁇ 3,7 ⁇
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart that illustrates the operation of a UE in accordance with at least some of the embodiments described herein. Note that optional steps are represented by dashed boxes. Also note that not all details from above are repeated here in the description of Figure 4; however, it is to be understood that the description above is equally applicable to the respective steps of the process of Figure 4.
  • the UE receives (e.g., from a network node such as, e.g., abase station (e g., agNB)) an indication ofL layers for transmission, wherein L is greater than or equal to 1 (step 400). Note that, as shown in Table 8 for example, L may also be less than or equal to 8, in some embodiments.
  • a network node such as, e.g., abase station (e g., agNB)
  • L may also be less than or equal to 8, in some embodiments.
  • the UE For each layer of the L layers, the UE identifies one or more of a plurality of antenna port sets to be used for transmission of the layer (step 402). Details for how this is done are included above and not repeated here.
  • the plurality of antenna port sets include antenna port sets of at least two distinct sizes.
  • each antenna port set of the plurality of antenna port sets has a size of either 2, 4, or 8 antenna ports.
  • the UE transmits the L layers using, for each layer of the L layers, the one or more of the plurality of antenna port sets identified for the layer (step 404). In one embodiment, any one or more of the following may apply (considering any value of L, e.g., in the range of and including 1 to 8):
  • any one or more of the following may apply: (i) for each antenna port set of the one or more of the plurality of antenna ports sets identified for any of the L layers, all ports in the antenna port set are used for transmitting the L layers; (ii) a maximum number of antenna ports per layer over all L layers used for transmitting the L layers, Pmax, is at most one greater than a minimum number of antenna ports per layer over all L layers used for transmitting the L layers, Pmin; (iii) if a layer of the L layers is transmitted on more than one antenna port in a same antenna port set, the UE transmits the layer on the more than one antenna port non-coherently.
  • transmitting the L layers comprises, for a layer from among the L layers that is transmitted on more than one antenna port, transmitting the layer on more than one antenna port of an antenna port set non-coherently (step 404A).
  • transmitting the layer on the more than one antenna port non-coherently comprises transmitting the layer on the more than one antenna port with a relative phase, wherein the relative phase is according to an implementation of the UE.
  • the step of identifying the one or more of the plurality of antenna port sets to be used for transmission of each layer of the L layers comprises identifying a precoder from among a set of one or more precoders defined by a predefined codebook for L layers (e.g., looking at Table 7, identifying one of the set of precoders in the table for the row that corresponds to the indicated value of L). Then, in one embodiment, any one or more of the following apply:
  • the step of identifying the one or more of the plurality of antenna port sets to be used for transmission of each layer of the L layers comprises identifying a precoder from among a set of one or more precoders defined by a predefined codebook for L layers (e.g., looking at Table 7, identifying one of the set of precoders in the table for the row that corresponds to the indicated value of L). Then, in one embodiment, any one or more of the following apply:
  • the plurality of antenna port sets comprises a plurality of antenna ports sets in which any one or more of the following may apply:
  • antenna port sets having 8 ports comprise antenna ports ⁇ 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ⁇ ;
  • antenna port sets having 4 ports comprise: ⁇ 0,1, 4, 5 ⁇ or ⁇ 2, 3, 6, 7 ⁇ ;
  • antenna port sets having 2 ports comprise ⁇ 0,4 ⁇ , ⁇ 1,5 ⁇ , ⁇ 2,6 ⁇ , or ⁇ 3,7 ⁇ ;
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart that illustrates the operation of a network node (e.g., a RAN node such as, e.g., a gNB) in accordance with at least some of the embodiments described herein. Note that optional steps are represented by dashed boxes. Also note that not all details from above are repeated here in the description of Figure 5; however, it is to be understood that the description above is equally applicable to the respective steps of the process of Figure 5.
  • the network node determines an indication of L layers for transmission by the UE, wherein L is greater than or equal to 1 (step 500).
  • the determination comprises, for each layer of the L layers, identifying one or more of a plurality of antenna port sets to be used for transmission of the layer by the UE (step 500A).
  • the plurality of antenna port sets preferably include antenna port sets of at least two distinct sizes. In one embodiment, each antenna port set of the plurality of antenna port sets has a size of either 2, 4, or 8 antenna ports.
  • the network node transmits the indication to the UE (step 502).
  • the network node receives a transmission from the UE of L layers that uses, for each layer of the L layers, the one or more of the plurality of antenna port sets identified for the layer, wherein one or more of the following may apply:
  • the UE when the UE transmits a layer on more than one antenna port, the UE transmits the layer on the more than one antenna port non-coherently.
  • Figure 6 shows an example of a communication system 600 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the communication system 600 includes a telecommunication network 602 that includes an access network 604, such as a Radio Access Network (RAN), and a core network 606, which includes one or more core network nodes 608.
  • the access network 604 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes 610A and 610B (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 610), or any other similar Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access nodes or non-3GPP Access Points (APs).
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • APs non-3GPP Access Points
  • a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor.
  • the telecommunication network 602 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes.
  • ORAN Open-RAN
  • An ORAN network node is a node in the telecommunication network 602 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any node in the telecommunication network 602, including one or more network nodes 610 and/or core network nodes 608.
  • ORAN Open-RAN
  • Examples of an ORAN network node include an Open Radio Unit (O-RU), an Open Distributed Unit (O-DU), an Open Central Unit (O-CU), including an O-CU Control Plane (O- CU-CP) or an O-CU User Plane (O-CU-UP), a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non- real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp), or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification).
  • a near-real time control application e.g., xApp
  • rApp non-real time control application
  • the network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an Al, Fl, Wl, El, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface.
  • an ORAN access node may be a logical node in a physical node.
  • an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized.
  • the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an 0-2 interface defined by the 0-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies.
  • the network nodes 610 facilitate direct or indirect connection of User Equipment (UE), such as by connecting UEs 612A, 612B, 612C, and 612D (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 612) to the core network 606 over one or more wireless connections.
  • UE User Equipment
  • Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors.
  • the communication system 600 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and/or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signals whether via wired or wireless connections.
  • the communication system 600 may include and/or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and/or other similar type of system.
  • the UEs 612 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 610 and other communication devices.
  • the network nodes 610 are arranged, capable, configured, and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs 612 and/or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network 602 to enable and/or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and/or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network 602.
  • the core network 606 connects the network nodes 610 to one or more hosts, such as host 616. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts.
  • the core network 606 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 608) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and/or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 608.
  • Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), Subscription Identifier De-Concealing Function (SIDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP), Network Exposure Function (NEF), and/or a User Plane Function (UPF).
  • MSC Mobile Switching Center
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • HSS Home Subscriber Server
  • AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • AUSF Authentication Server Function
  • SIDF Subscription Identifier De-Concealing Function
  • UDM Unified Data Management
  • SEPP Security Edge Protection Proxy
  • NEF Network Exposure Function
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • the host 616 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 604 and/or the telecommunication network 602, and may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider.
  • the host 616 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio/video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
  • the communication system 600 of Figure 6 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts.
  • the communication system 600 may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Long Term Evolution (LTE), and/or other suitable Second, Third, Fourth, or Fifth Generation (2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G) standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., Sixth Generation (6G)); Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi); and/or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and/or any Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • UMTS Universal Mobile
  • the telecommunication network 602 is a cellular network that implements 3 GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunication network 602 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network 602. For example, the telecommunication network 602 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and/or massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC)/massive Internet of Things (loT) services to yet further UEs.
  • URLLC Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication
  • eMBB enhanced Mobile Broadband
  • mMTC massive Machine Type Communication
  • LoT massive Internet of Things
  • the UEs 612 are configured to transmit and/or receive information without direct human interaction.
  • a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 604 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 604.
  • a UE may be configured for operating in single- or multi-Radio Access Technology (RAT) or multi -standard mode.
  • RAT Radio Access Technology
  • a UE may operate with any one or combination of WiFi, New Radio (NR), and LTE, i.e. being configured for Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC), such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial RAN (E-UTRAN) NR - Dual Connectivity (EN-DC).
  • MR-DC Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity
  • E-UTRAN Evolved UMTS Terrestrial RAN
  • EN-DC Dual Connectivity
  • a hub 614 communicates with the access network 604 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 612C and/or 612D) and network nodes (e.g., network node 610B).
  • the hub 614 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs.
  • the hub 614 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 606 for the UEs.
  • the hub 614 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs.
  • Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 610, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 614.
  • the hub 614 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data.
  • the hub 614 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a Virtual Reality (VR) headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub 614 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 614 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and/or after adding additional local content.
  • VR Virtual Reality
  • the hub 614 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy loT devices.
  • the hub 614 may have a constant/persi stent or intermittent connection to the network node 61 OB.
  • the hub 614 may also allow for a different communication scheme and/or schedule between the hub 614 and UEs (e.g., UE 612C and/or 612D), and between the hub 614 and the core network 606.
  • the hub 614 is connected to the core network 606 and/or one or more UEs via a wired connection.
  • the hub 614 may be configured to connect to a Machine-to-Machine (M2M) service provider over the access network 604 and/or to another UE over a direct connection.
  • M2M Machine-to-Machine
  • UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 610 while still connected via the hub 614 via a wired or wireless connection.
  • the hub 614 may be a dedicated hub - that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to/from the UEs from/to the network node 610B.
  • the hub 614 may be a non-dedicated hub - that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and the network node 61 OB, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and/or end point for certain data channels.
  • a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged, and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and/or other UEs.
  • a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), wireless camera, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, Laptop Embedded Equipment (LEE), Laptop Mounted Equipment (LME), smart device, wireless Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded/integrated wireless device, etc.
  • Other examples include any UE identified by the 3 GPP, including a Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) UE, a Machine Type Communication (MTC) UE, and/or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
  • NB-IoT Narrowband Internet of Things
  • MTC Machine Type Communication
  • a UE may support Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X).
  • D2D Device-to-Device
  • DSRC Dedicated Short-Range Communication
  • V2V Vehicle-to-Vehicle
  • V2I Vehicle-to-Infrastructure
  • V2X Vehicle-to-Everything
  • a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and/or operates the relevant device.
  • a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller).
  • a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter).
  • the UE 700 includes processing circuitry 702 that is operatively coupled via a bus 704 to an input/output interface 706, a power source 708, memory 710, a communication interface 712, and/or any other component, or any combination thereof.
  • Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in Figure 7. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
  • the processing circuitry 702 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory 710.
  • the processing circuitry 702 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), etc ); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above.
  • the processing circuitry 702 may include multiple Central Processing Units (CPUs).
  • the input/output interface 706 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and/or output devices.
  • Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof.
  • An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE 700.
  • Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like.
  • the presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user.
  • a sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • the power source 708 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used.
  • the power source 708 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 708 itself, and/or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE 700 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source 708.
  • Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source 708 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE 700 to which power is supplied.
  • the memory 710 may be or be configured to include memory such as Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Erasable PROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth.
  • the memory 710 includes one or more application programs 714, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 716.
  • the memory 710 may store, for use by the UE 700, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
  • the memory 710 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID), flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, High Density Digital Versatile Disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, Holographic Digital Data Storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini Dual In-line Memory Module (DIMM), Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as a tamper resistant module in the form of a Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC) including one or more Subscriber Identity Modules (SIMs), such as a Universal SIM (USIM) and/or Internet Protocol Multimedia Services Identity Module (ISIM), other memory, or any combination thereof.
  • RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks
  • HD-DVD High Density Digital Versatile Disc
  • HDDS Holographic Digital Data Storage
  • DIMM Dual In-line Memory Module
  • the UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC), integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as a ‘SIM card.’
  • the memory 710 may allow the UE 700 to access instructions, application programs, and the like stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data.
  • An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system, may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory 710, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
  • the processing circuitry 702 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface 712.
  • the communication interface 712 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 722.
  • the communication interface 712 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network).
  • Each transceiver may include a transmitter 718 and/or a receiver 720 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth).
  • the transmitter 718 and receiver 720 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., the antenna 722) and may share circuit components, software, or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
  • communication functions of the communication interface 712 may include cellular communication, WiFi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, NFC, location-based communication such as the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • Communications may be implemented according to one or more communication protocols and/or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), GSM, LTE, NR, UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Quick User Datagram Protocol Internet Connection (QUIC), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and so forth.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiplexing Access
  • WCDMA Wideband CDMA
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR Fifth Generation
  • UMTS Worldwide Interoperability for Mobile communications
  • WiMax Ethernet
  • TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
  • SONET Synchronous Optical Networking
  • ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
  • QUIC Quick User Datagram Protocol Internet Connection
  • HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface 712, via a wireless connection to a network node.
  • Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE.
  • the output may be periodic (e g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature), random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors), in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent), in response to a request (e g., a user initiated request), or a continuous stream (e g., a live video feed of a patient).
  • a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection.
  • the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change.
  • the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
  • a UE when in the form of an loT device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application, and healthcare.
  • Non-limiting examples of such an loT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a television, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door/window sensor, a flood/moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a head-mounted display for Augmented Reality (AR) or VR, a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal- or item -tracking device, a
  • a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another UE and/or a network node.
  • the UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3 GPP context be referred to as an MTC device.
  • the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard.
  • a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship, an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
  • any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case.
  • a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone.
  • the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g., by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed.
  • the first and/or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above.
  • a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
  • FIG. 8 shows a network node 800 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged, and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and/or with other network nodes or equipment in a telecommunication network.
  • network nodes include, but are not limited to, APs (e.g., radio APs), Base Stations (BSs) (e.g., radio BSs, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs), NR Node Bs (gNBs)), and 0-RAN nodes or components of an O-RAN node (e.g., 0-RU, 0-DU, O-CU).
  • APs e.g., radio APs
  • BSs Base Stations
  • eNBs evolved Node Bs
  • gNBs NR Node Bs
  • O-RAN node e.g., 0-RU, 0-DU, O-CU.
  • Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations.
  • a base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay.
  • a network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node), and/or Remote Radio Units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such RRUs may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio.
  • Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a Distributed Antenna System (DAS).
  • DAS Distributed Antenna System
  • network nodes include multiple Transmission Point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, Multi-Standard Radio (MSR) equipment such as MSRBSs, network controllers such as Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) or BS Controllers (BSCs), Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, Multi-Cell/Multicast Coordination Entities (MCEs), Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs)), and/or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs).
  • MSR Transmission Point
  • MSR Multi-Standard Radio
  • RNCs Radio Network Controllers
  • BSCs Base Transceiver Stations
  • MCEs Multi-Cell/Multicast Coordination Entities
  • OFM Operation and Maintenance
  • OSS Operations Support System
  • SON Self-Organizing Network
  • positioning nodes
  • the network node 800 includes processing circuitry 802, memory 804, a communication interface 806, and a power source 808.
  • the network node 800 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and an RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc ), which may each have their own respective components.
  • the network node 800 comprises multiple separate components (e g., BTS and BSC components)
  • one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes.
  • a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs.
  • each unique NodeB and RNC pair may in some instances be considered a single separate network node.
  • the network node 800 may be configured to support multiple RATs.
  • the network node 800 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 800, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within the network node 800.
  • the processing circuitry 802 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, CPU, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software, and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 800 components, such as the memory 804, to provide network node 800 functionality.
  • the processing circuitry 802 includes a System on a Chip (SOC).
  • the processing circuitry 802 includes one or more of Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 812 and baseband processing circuitry 814.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • the RF transceiver circuitry 812 and the baseband processing circuitry 814 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of the RF transceiver circuitry 812 and the baseband processing circuitry 814 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
  • the memory 804 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, RAM, ROM, mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD), or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable, and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 802.
  • volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, RAM, ROM, mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD), or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)
  • the memory 804 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and/or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 802 and utilized by the network node 800.
  • the memory 804 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 802 and/or any data received via the communication interface 806.
  • the processing circuitry 802 and the memory 804 are integrated.
  • the communication interface 806 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and/or data between a network node, access network, and/or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface 806 comprises port(s)/terminal(s) 816 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection.
  • the communication interface 806 also includes radio front-end circuitry 818 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna 810.
  • the radio front-end circuitry 818 comprises filters 820 and amplifiers 822.
  • the radio front-end circuitry 818 may be connected to the antenna 810 and the processing circuitry 802.
  • the radio front-end circuitry 818 may be configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna 810 and the processing circuitry 802.
  • the radio front-end circuitry 818 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection.
  • the radio front-end circuitry 818 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of the filters 820 and/or the amplifiers 822.
  • the radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna 810.
  • the antenna 810 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 818.
  • the digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 802.
  • the communication interface 806 may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
  • the network node 800 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 818; instead, the processing circuitry 802 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 810. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 812 is part of the communication interface 806. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 806 includes the one or more ports or terminals 816, the radio front-end circuitry 818, and the RF transceiver circuitry 812 as part of a radio unit (not shown), and the communication interface 806 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 814, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).
  • the antenna 810 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals.
  • the antenna 810 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry 818 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly.
  • the antenna 810 is separate from the network node 800 and connectable to the network node 800 through an interface or port.
  • the antenna 810, the communication interface 806, and/or the processing circuitry 802 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node 800. Any information, data, and/or signals may be received from a UE, another network node, and/or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 810, the communication interface 806, and/or the processing circuitry 802 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node 800. Any information, data, and/or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node, and/or any other network equipment.
  • the power source 808 provides power to the various components of the network node 800 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component).
  • the power source 808 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 800 with power for performing the functionality described herein.
  • the network node 800 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid or an electricity outlet) via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 808.
  • the power source 808 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
  • Embodiments of the network node 800 may include additional components beyond those shown in Figure 8 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and/or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein.
  • the network node 800 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 800 and to allow output of information from the network node 800. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 800.
  • FIG 9 is a block diagram of a host 900, which may be an embodiment of the host 616 of Figure 6, in accordance with various aspects described herein.
  • the host 900 may be or comprise various combinations of hardware and/or software including a standalone server, a blade server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, a virtual machine, container, or processing resources in a server farm.
  • the host 900 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.
  • the host 900 includes processing circuitry 902 that is operatively coupled via a bus 904 to an input/output interface 906, a network interface 908, a power source 910, and memory 912.
  • processing circuitry 902 that is operatively coupled via a bus 904 to an input/output interface 906, a network interface 908, a power source 910, and memory 912.
  • Other components may be included in other embodiments. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the devices of previous figures, such as Figures 7 and 8, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the host 900.
  • the memory 912 may include one or more computer programs including one or more host application programs 914 and data 916, which may include user data, e.g. data generated by a UE for the host 900 or data generated by the host 900 for a UE.
  • Embodiments of the host 900 may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown.
  • the host application programs 914 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (VVC), High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Advanced Video Coding (AVC), Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), VP9) and audio codecs (e.g., Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), MPEG, G.711), including transcoding for multiple different classes, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, and heads-up display systems).
  • VVC Versatile Video Coding
  • HEVC High Efficiency Video Coding
  • AVC Advanced Video Coding
  • MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
  • VP9 Moving Picture Experts Group
  • audio codecs e.g., Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), MPEG, G.711
  • FLAC Free Lossless Audio Codec
  • AAC Advanced Audio Coding
  • the host application programs 914 may also provide for user authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report health, routes, and content availability to a central node, such as a device in or on the edge of a core network. Accordingly, the host 900 may select and/or indicate a different host for Over-The-Top (OTT) services for a UE.
  • the host application programs 914 may support various protocols, such as the HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) protocol, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP), Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH or MPEG-DASH), etc.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 1000 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized.
  • virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices, and networking resources.
  • virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components.
  • Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more Virtual Machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 1000 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host.
  • VMs Virtual Machines
  • the virtualization environment 1000 includes components defined by the 0-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface.
  • Applications 1002 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) are run in the virtualization environment 1000 to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • Hardware 1004 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and/or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and/or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input/output interface, and so forth.
  • Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 1006 (also referred to as hypervisors or VM Monitors (VMMs)), provide VMs 1008A and 1008B (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs 1008), and/or perform any of the functions, features, and/or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein.
  • the virtualization layer 1006 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs 1008.
  • the VMs 1008 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking, or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 1006. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 1002 may be implemented on one or more of the VMs 1008, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as Network Function Virtualization (NFV). NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers and customer premise equipment.
  • NFV Network Function Virtualization
  • a VM 1008 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine.
  • Each of the VMs 1008, and that part of the hardware 1004 that executes that VM be it hardware dedicated to that VM and/or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs 1008, forms separate virtual network elements.
  • a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs 1008 on top of the hardware 1004 and corresponds to the application 1002.
  • the hardware 1004 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components.
  • the hardware 1004 may implement some functions via virtualization.
  • the hardware 1004 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g., such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 1010, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of the applications 1002.
  • the hardware 1004 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a RAN or a base station.
  • some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 1012 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
  • Figure 11 shows a communication diagram of a host 1102 communicating via a network node 1104 with a UE 1106 over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments.
  • embodiments of the host 1102 include hardware, such as a communication interface, processing circuitry, and memory.
  • the host 1102 also includes software, which is stored in or is accessible by the host 1102 and executable by the processing circuitry.
  • the software includes a host application that may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as the UE 1106 connecting via an OTT connection 1150 extending between the UE 1106 and the host 1102.
  • a host application may provide user data which is transmitted using the OTT connection 1150.
  • the network node 1104 includes hardware enabling it to communicate with the host 1102 and the UE 1106.
  • the connection 1160 may be direct or pass through a core network (like the core network 606 of Figure 6) and/or one or more other intermediate networks, such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks.
  • a core network like the core network 606 of Figure 6
  • one or more other intermediate networks such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks.
  • an intermediate network may be a backbone network or the Internet.
  • the UE 1106 includes hardware and software, which is stored in or accessible by the UE 1106 and executable by the UE’s processing circuitry.
  • the software includes a client application, such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via the UE 1106 with the support of the host 1102.
  • a client application such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via the UE 1106 with the support of the host 1102.
  • an executing host application may communicate with the executing client application via the OTT connection 1150 terminating at the UE 1106 and the host 1102.
  • the UE's client application may receive request data from the host's host application and provide user data in response to the request data.
  • the OTT connection 1150 may transfer both the request data and the user data.
  • the UE's client application may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides to the host application
  • the OTT connection 1150 may extend via the connection 1160 between the host 1102 and the network node 1104 and via a wireless connection 1170 between the network node 1104 and the UE 1106 to provide the connection between the host 1102 and the UE 1106.
  • the connection 1160 and the wireless connection 1170, over which the OTT connection 1150 may be provided, have been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between the host 1102 and the UE 1106 via the network node 1104, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices.
  • the host 1102 provides user data, which may be performed by executing a host application.
  • the user data is associated with a particular human user interacting with the UE 1106.
  • the user data is associated with a UE 1106 that shares data with the host 1102 without explicit human interaction.
  • the host 1102 initiates a transmission carrying the user data towards the UE 1106.
  • the host 1102 may initiate the transmission responsive to a request transmitted by the UE 1106.
  • the request may be caused by human interaction with the UE 1106 or by operation of the client application executing on the UE 1106.
  • the transmission may pass via the network node 1104 in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. Accordingly, in step 1112, the network node 1104 transmits to the UE 1106 the user data that was carried in the transmission that the host 1102 initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 1114, the UE 1106 receives the user data carried in the transmission, which may be performed by a client application executed on the UE 1106 associated with the host application executed by the host 1102.
  • the UE 1106 executes a client application which provides user data to the host 1102.
  • the user data may be provided in reaction or response to the data received from the host 1102.
  • the UE 1106 may provide user data, which may be performed by executing the client application.
  • the client application may further consider user input received from the user via an input/output interface of the UE 1106. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE 1106 initiates, in step 1118, transmission of the user data towards the host 1102 via the network node 1104.
  • the network node 1104 receives user data from the UE 1106 and initiates transmission of the received user data towards the host 1102.
  • the host 1102 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the UE 1106.
  • One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE 1106 using the OTT connection 1150, in which the wireless connection 1170 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve, e.g., data rate and thereby provide benefits such as, e.g., relaxed restriction on file size, improved content resolution, etc.
  • factory status information may be collected and analyzed by the host 1102.
  • the host 1102 may process audio and video data which may have been retrieved from a UE for use in creating maps.
  • the host 1102 may collect and analyze real-time data to assist in controlling vehicle congestion (e.g., controlling traffic lights).
  • the host 1102 may store surveillance video uploaded by a UE.
  • the host 1102 may store or control access to media content such as video, audio, VR, or AR which it can broadcast, multicast, or unicast to UEs.
  • the host 1102 may be used for energy pricing, remote control of non-time critical electrical load to balance power generation needs, location services, presentation services (such as compiling diagrams etc.
  • a measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency, and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve.
  • the measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 1150 may be implemented in software and hardware of the host 1102 and/or the UE 1106.
  • sensors may be deployed in or in association with other devices through which the OTT connection 1150 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or by supplying values of other physical quantities from which software may compute or estimate the monitored quantities.
  • the reconfiguring of the OTT connection 1150 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing, etc.; the reconfiguring need not directly alter the operation of the network node 1104. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art.
  • measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling that facilitates measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency, and the like by the host 1102.
  • the measurements may be implemented in that software causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using the OTT connection 1150 while monitoring propagation times, errors, etc.
  • computing devices described herein may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and/or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions, and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining, or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
  • processing circuitry may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
  • computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components.
  • a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and/or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface.
  • non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
  • processing circuitry executing instructions stored in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
  • some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hardwired manner.
  • the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole and/or by end users and a wireless network generally.
  • Embodiment 1 A method performed by a User Equipment, UE, for non-coherent transmission of antenna ports in each of one or more layers, the method comprising one or more of:
  • Embodiment 2 The method of embodiment 1, wherein the antenna port sets of the plurality of antenna port sets have at least two distinct sizes.
  • Embodiment 3 The method of embodiment 1, wherein each antenna port set of the plurality of antenna port sets has a size of either 2, 4, or 8 antenna ports.
  • Embodiment 4 The method of any of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein transmitting (404) the L layers comprises, for a layer from among the L layers that is transmitted on more than one antenna port, transmitting (404A) the layer on the more than one antenna port non-coherently.
  • Embodiment 5 The method of embodiment 4, wherein transmitting (404A) the layer on the more than one antenna port non-coherently comprises transmitting the layer one the more than one antenna port with a relative phase.
  • Embodiment 6 The method of embodiment 5, wherein the relative phase is according to an implementation of the UE.
  • Embodiment 9 The method of any of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the plurality of antenna port sets comprises a plurality of antenna ports sets in which one or more of the following apply:
  • antenna port sets having 8 ports comprise antenna ports ⁇ 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ⁇ ;
  • antenna port sets having 4 ports comprise: ⁇ 0, 1,4,5 ⁇ or ⁇ 2, 3, 6, 7 ⁇ ;
  • antenna port sets having 2 ports comprise ⁇ 0,4 ⁇ , ⁇ 1,5 ⁇ , ⁇ 2,6 ⁇ , or ⁇ 3,7 ⁇ ;
  • Embodiment 11 The method of any of the previous embodiments, further comprising: providing user data; and forwarding the user data to a host via the transmission to the network node.
  • Embodiment 12 A method performed by a network node, the method comprising: for non-coherent controlling and receiving non-coherent transmissions on antenna ports in each of one or more layers, the method comprising one or more of:
  • Embodiment 13 The method of embodiment 12, wherein the antenna port sets of the plurality of antenna port sets have at least two distinct sizes.
  • Embodiment 14 The method of embodiment 12, wherein each antenna port set of the plurality of antenna port sets has a size of either 2, 4, or 8 antenna ports.
  • Embodiment 15 The method of any of embodiments 12 to 14, wherein receiving (504) the L layers comprises, for a layer from among the L layers that is transmitted on more than one antenna port, receiving (504A) the layer on the more than one antenna port non-coherently.
  • Embodiment 18 The method of any of embodiments 12 to 17, wherein the plurality of antenna port sets comprises a plurality of antenna ports sets in which one or more of the following apply:
  • antenna port sets having 8 ports comprise antenna ports ⁇ 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ⁇ ;
  • antenna port sets having 4 ports comprise: ⁇ 0,1, 4, 5 ⁇ or ⁇ 2, 3, 6, 7 ⁇ ;
  • antenna port sets having 2 ports comprise ⁇ 0,4 ⁇ , ⁇ 1,5 ⁇ , ⁇ 2,6 ⁇ , or ⁇ 3,7 ⁇ ;
  • Embodiment 20 The method of any of the previous embodiments, further comprising: obtaining user data; and forwarding the user data to a host or a user equipment.
  • Embodiment 21 A user equipment comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of Embodiments 1 to 11; and power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.
  • Embodiment 22 A network node comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of Embodiments 12 to 20; and power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.
  • Embodiment 23 A user equipment (UE) comprising: an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals; radio front-end circuitry connected to the antenna and to processing circuitry, and configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuitry; the processing circuitry being configured to perform any of the steps of any of Embodiments 1 to 11; an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow input of information into the UE to be processed by the processing circuitry; an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry; and a battery connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the UE.
  • UE user equipment
  • Embodiment 24 A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data to a network node in a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node configured to perform any of the operations of any of Embodiments 12 to 20 to transmit the user data from the host to the UE.
  • OTT over-the-top
  • Embodiment 25 The host of the previous embodiment, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application that provides the user data; and the UE comprises processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application to receive the transmission of user data from the host.
  • Embodiment 26 A method implemented in a host configured to operate in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: providing user data for the UE; and initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the network node, wherein the network node performs any of the operations of any of Embodiments 12 to 20 to transmit the user data from the host to the UE.
  • UE user equipment
  • Embodiment 27 The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising, at the network node, transmitting the user data provided by the host for the UE.
  • Embodiment 28 The method of any of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein the user data is provided at the host by executing a host application that interacts with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.
  • Embodiment 29 A communication system configured to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the communication system comprising a host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data for a user equipment (UE), the user data being associated with the over-the- top service; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data toward a cellular network node for transmission to the UE, the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node configured to perform any of the operations of any of Embodiments 12 to 20 to transmit the user data from the host to the UE.
  • OTT over-the-top
  • Embodiment 30 The communication system of the previous embodiment, further comprising: the network node; and/or the UE.
  • Embodiment 31 A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to initiate receipt of user data; and a network interface configured to receive the user data from a network node in a cellular network, the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node configured to perform any of the operations of any of Embodiments 12 to 20 to receive the user data from a user equipment (UE) for the host.
  • OTT over-the-top
  • Embodiment 32 The host of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application that receives the user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.
  • Embodiment 33 The host of the any of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein the initiating receipt of the user data comprises requesting the user data.
  • Embodiment 34 A method implemented by a host configured to operate in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: at the host, initiating receipt of user data from the UE, the user data originating from a transmission which the network node has received from the UE, wherein the network node performs any of the steps of any of Embodiments 12 to 20 to receive the user data from the UE for the host
  • UE user equipment
  • Embodiment 35 The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising at the network node, transmitting the received user data to the host.
  • Embodiment 36 A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE comprises a communication interface and processing circuitry, the communication interface and processing circuitry of the UE being configured to perform any of the operations of any of Embodiments 1 to 11 to receive the user data from the host.
  • OTT over-the-top
  • Embodiment 37 The host of the previous embodiment, wherein the cellular network further includes a network node configured to communicate with the UE to transmit the user data to the UE from the host.
  • Embodiment 38 The host of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.
  • Embodiment 39 A method implemented by a host operating in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: providing user data for the UE; and initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the network node, wherein the UE performs any of the operations of any of Embodiments 1 to 11 to receive the user data from the host.
  • UE user equipment
  • Embodiment 40 The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising: at the host, executing a host application associated with a client application executing on the UE to receive the user data from the host application.
  • Embodiment 41 The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising: at the host, transmitting input data to the client application executing on the UE, the input data being provided by executing the host application, wherein the user data is provided by the client application in response to the input data from the host application.
  • Embodiment 42 A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE comprises a communication interface and processing circuitry, the communication interface and processing circuitry of the UE being configured to perform any of the steps of any of Embodiments 1 to 11 to transmit the user data to the host.
  • OTT over-the-top
  • Embodiment 43 The host of the previous embodiment, wherein the cellular network further includes a network node configured to communicate with the UE to transmit the user data from the UE to the host.
  • Embodiment 44 The host of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.
  • Embodiment 45 A method implemented by a host configured to operate in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: at the host, receiving user data transmitted to the host via the network node by the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of Embodiments 1 to 11 to transmit the user data to the host.
  • UE user equipment
  • Embodiment 46 The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising: at the host, executing a host application associated with a client application executing on the UE to receive the user data from the UE.
  • Embodiment 47 The method of the previous 2 embodiments, further comprising: at the host, transmitting input data to the client application executing on the UE, the input data being provided by executing the host application, wherein the user data is provided by the client application in response to the input data from the host application.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes et des procédés pour une émission de livre de codes non cohérent en mode 1 à pleine puissance pour un équipement d'utilisateur (UE) à émission (TX) octuple. Dans un mode de réalisation, un procédé réalisé par un UE comporte la réception d'une indication de L (1 ≤ L ≤ 8) couches servant à une émission, l'identification d'un ou de plusieurs ensembles de ports d'antenne à utiliser pour l'émission de chaque couche, et l'émission des L couches en utilisant, pour chaque couche, l'ensemble ou les ensembles de ports d'antenne identifiés pour la couche en question. Pour chaque ensemble de ports d'antenne identifié, tous les ports dans l'ensemble de ports d'antenne sont utilisés pour émettre les L couches. Un nombre maximum de ports d'antenne par couche sur la totalité des L couches est supérieur d'au plus une unité à un nombre minimum de ports d'antenne par couche sur la totalité des L couches. Si une couche est émise sur plus d'un port d'antenne dans un même ensemble de ports d'antenne, l'UE le fait de façon non cohérente.
PCT/SE2024/050725 2023-08-11 2024-08-09 Livre de codes non cohérent en mode 1 à pleine puissance pour ue 8 tx Pending WO2025038022A1 (fr)

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US202363519044P 2023-08-11 2023-08-11
US63/519,044 2023-08-11

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230148388A1 (en) * 2021-09-21 2023-05-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for codebook based ul transmission

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230148388A1 (en) * 2021-09-21 2023-05-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for codebook based ul transmission

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
WENFENG ZHANG ET AL: "SRI TPMI enhancement for 8 TX UL transmission", vol. RAN WG1, no. Online; 20230417 - 20230426, 7 April 2023 (2023-04-07), XP052293115, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/TSG_RAN/WG1_RL1/TSGR1_112b-e/Docs/R1-2302538.zip R1-2302538.docx> [retrieved on 20230407] *

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