WO2025038004A1 - Multifunctional lifting system - Google Patents

Abstract

The claimed technical solution is intended to allow work to be performed and materials to be temporarily stored during the execution of different tasks in the construction of high-rise cast-in-place buildings, the reconstruction of buildings, the construction of technical walls, the installation of windows, etc., the claimed system being particularly suitable for use in the repair and construction of, for example, bridges, dams and columns and for use both outside and inside buildings and/or rooms. The technical solution to the problem of interest lies in the development of a multifunctional lifting system comprising at least two support assemblies, each of which has a guide post mounted and attached perpendicular thereto, said guide post having a lifting beam which has lifting scaffolds fastened thereto, wherein to create stability and prevent shear movement, the lifting beams and lifting scaffolds are connected into a three-dimensional system consisting of elements of standard manually assembled scaffolds in the form of a set of differently oriented metal braces, and a jack system, the latter consisting of at least two hydraulic cylinders connected in an articulated manner to a lifting beam and to a guide post.

Description

MULTIFUNCTIONAL LIFTING SYSTEM

Field of technology

The claimed technical solution is intended for continuous work at height and intermediate storage of materials, when performing various tasks during the construction of monolithic buildings at great heights, as well as during the reconstruction of buildings, installation of technological walls, installation of windows, etc., in particular, with the help of the system it is possible to carry out repairs and construction, for example, of bridges, dams, columns and use both outside and inside the building and/or premises.

State of the art

A self-climbing formwork system is known (RU2780416C2 dated 11.02.2019, IPC class E04G 21/32, E04G 3/28, E04G 11/28), comprising at least one lifting rail directed along at least two lifting shoes, wherein the possibility of attaching the lifting shoes to and/or in a section of hardened concrete is declared, and the shoes themselves are configured to guide the lifting rail and/or at least hold the said lifting rail with respect to the lifting direction, and an actuator, wherein at least one lifting rail comprises at least one first and one second rail portion, wherein the first and second rail portions are located one behind the other when viewed in the lifting direction, wherein each of the first and second rail portions can be guided and held by means of one of the lifting shoes, the actuator itself is configured to increase or decrease the distance between, if necessary. the first and second parts of the rail along the direction of ascent.

The disadvantage of the technical solution is the requirement for high-precision manufacturing of the lifting rail parts and the narrow specialization of application. In addition, the declared system lacks the ability to perform complex technical and technological tasks and cannot take into account some unique and particularly complex technical solutions for industrial building projects and nuclear facilities and other heavy construction industries. The prior art discloses hand-assembled prefabricated scaffolds, load-bearing elements of horizontal formwork for span structures, which are used to assemble working scaffolds, temporary supports and other auxiliary structures during the construction of bridges and buildings. Depending on the tasks set, it is possible to assemble not only local auxiliary supports from sets of hand-assembled prefabricated scaffolds, but also to form large-sized arrays of load-bearing scaffolds. Prefabricated scaffolds consist of steel posts that have a circular cross-section, as well as horizontal and diagonal ties. The posts are equipped with flanges at the ends with bolt holes for mutual connection. Along the perimeter of the upper flange, there are holes for fastening horizontal ties at the junction of the posts. The posts also have gussets with bolt holes located in two mutually perpendicular planes for fastening horizontal and diagonal ties or individual diaphragms. The connections are made of round pipes and have lugs with holes at the ends for bolted connections and fastening with overlapping rack gussets. The connections of the elements are made with high-strength bolts, tightened with a regular wrench without processing the contact surfaces and without controlling the tension value.

A set of elements for manual assembly prefabricated scaffolding is known (RU2199638C1 dated 09.04.2002, IPC class E04G 1/06), containing horizontal and diagonal ties, grillages, purlins and parallel-mounted tubular posts with flanges having openings, wherein the lengths of the posts are related as 4:2:1, and the flanges of the larger and smaller of them are adjoined by gussets with openings for accommodating the fastening elements of the transverse horizontal ties, at least one of the overall dimensions of the flange installed at one of the ends of the larger or middle tubular post exceeds the corresponding dimension of the flange installed at the other, preferably lower, end of the post by 2.2-1.8 times, while ensuring the coaxiality of the openings made in the flanges of all posts, and at least one of the overall dimensions of the flange of the smaller post is equal to the corresponding dimension of the smaller flange of the larger post, wherein at least in some of the posts in the section between the gussets, spaced from the corresponding flange by 1.3-1.6 times the diameter of the rack, a threaded hole is preferably made for a locking device that limits the movement of the jack screw, which is placed at least in the upper tubular racks with the possibility of tilting up to 4% to the horizon of the working planes of the technological elements mounted on them. There are also known other hand-assembled inventory scaffolds (RU2756448C1 from 22.04.2021, class IPC E04G1/06), which contain tower-type sections with tubular posts having mutually perpendicular and oriented outward from the tower-type section of the scaffold gussets with openings for installing on them a corresponding platform, which in plan has the shape of a sector truncated by chords, supported along each generating line of the sector, as struts, by two diagonal ties fixed in the openings of the platform, while to the mutually perpendicular gussets of the adjacent left or right tubular post, but one tier of gussets higher, a platform in the form of the said sector is also installed on the lower openings, the outer sides of the platforms have in plan the shape of a sector truncated by chords and form a broken line along the outer part of the perimeter of the platform with angles between them amounting to 135 °, and along each generating line of the sector the platform is also supported, as by struts, by two diagonal ties, also fixed in the openings of the given platform, between which a flight of stairs is installed with support on both platforms, forming spiral staircases of the left or right direction, having tubular railing fences on the platforms and flights of stairs, connected to each other by means of cotter pins, having wave-shaped bends on their upper part that fix their working position, and the railing fences of the flight and the platform are attached, respectively, to the platform and to the flight of stairs by means of a telescopic connection at the junction of one of their pipes with the other, wherein the railing fences of the flights and the railing fences of the platforms form a continuous screw structure by means of their bushings, connected to each other by cotter pins installed in the bushings.

The disadvantage of the above technical solutions concerning manual assembly scaffolding is the low level of mechanization for independent work and the impossibility of automatic continuous lifting along the building under construction.

A platform is known (Internet source: https:/7 astselect.com/ru/stroitelnye-podemniki/, electronic deposition 11.07.2023), installed with a drive and a catcher on a mast. The platform is equipped with a wheeled chassis, providing horizontal movement along the facade of the building and within the facility, without resorting to lifting and other means. The platform has retractable supports, made with the possibility of rotation, to ensure the stability of the platform itself during operation. The specified technical solution is taken as a prototype. The disadvantage of the technical solution is the impossibility of using the declared platform for non-standard buildings, the surface of which has protrusions and niches or other architectural features. In addition, continuous lifting along the building under construction is not ensured.

The objective of the claimed technical solution is to develop a multifunctional lifting system that performs the construction of monolithic structures of any geometry with the ability to counter bending moments and shears, while simultaneously reducing construction times compared to classic panel and lifting and relocatable formwork.

The technical result is the creation of a new lifting principle for lifting systems, consisting of continuous lifting along the site of a building under construction, walls, columns and foundations under construction, etc., etc.

Disclosure of the essence of the technical solution

The technical solution to the above problem consists in developing a multifunctional lifting system, including at least two support units, on each of which a guide post with a lifting beam is installed and secured perpendicularly to them, to which lifting scaffolds are attached, where, in order to create stability and eliminate shifts, the lifting beams and lifting scaffolds are connected into a spatial system consisting of IPRS elements, which are a set of metal multidirectional connections and a jack system, where the latter consists of at least two hydraulic cylinders, pivotally connected to the lifting beam and the guide post. The specified technical solution ensures the possibility of parrying bending moments and shifts during the construction of monolithic structures of any geometry with simultaneous lifting along the site of the building under construction, walls under construction, columns and foundations, etc., etc.

A possible technical solution is one in which the set of metal multidirectional connections is a set of metal pipes with plates connected to each other, with the number of pipes and plates being at least 50 units, and the connection being carried out by means of plate connections with bolts through holes and forming a single spatial frame, executed mainly in the form of a prism. The specified technical solution ensures unification of the lifting systems through the use of standardized, widely available commercial products, while simultaneously ensuring the rigidity of the entire structure.

Brief list of drawings

The technical solution is explained further using the example of a specific design of the claimed solution, however, it should be clear that this example is given solely for the purpose of explaining the operation of the design, and it should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the design.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a multifunctional lifting system made in the form of a system for simultaneous lifting of at least two scaffolds from two sides, where pos. 1 are elements of hand-assembled prefabricated scaffolds made in the form of a set of metal ties in different directions; pos. 2 is a guide post made in the form of a metal I-beam made of 09G2S or ST 3 steel, depending on the height of the structure, with struts that correct its position and installed perpendicularly on a support unit (pos. 4) or other solid surface; pos. 3 is a jack system made in the form of hydraulic cylinders pivotally connected to the lifting beam (pos. 6) and the guide post (pos. 2); pos. 4 is a support unit made primarily of a reinforced concrete slab with anchor bolts, on which the post (pos. 2) is installed; pos. 5 - lifting scaffolds made in the form of a flooring, primarily, but not limited to, rectangular in shape, made of boards and/or plastic and/or metal, installed on beams made primarily of grade ST 3 metal, where the latter are secured to the EIPRS (pos. 1), and then to the lifting beam (pos. 6); pos. 6 - lifting beam made in the form of a pair of metal I-beams connected to each other, made of grade ST 3 or 09G2S steel.

Implementation of a technical solution

In the technical solution, the following concepts are understood under the terms used: elements of hand-assembled inventory scaffolding (IAIS) - made in the form of a set of metal multi-directional connections, which are metal pipes with plates. In this case, multi-directionality can be understood as diagonally, perpendicularly, and parallel. And the connections can be understood as structural elements connecting the beams of the lifting scaffolds into a spatially stable system for counteracting bending moments and shears.

Construction is the process of erecting buildings and structures, as well as their major and current repairs, reconstruction or restoration.

A building under construction is a structure, house, building, etc.

The construction process is the method and sequence of work.

Complex geometry of the building under construction - non-standard shapes and sizes of the building or structure under construction.

Reinforcement outlet - a protruding part of the reinforcement cage that requires continuation in the next production cycle.

The stand is a metal I-beam made of 09G2S steel, along which the scaffolding is raised.

Parrying is an opposition to something; in the stated technical solution, the opposition is carried out against bending moments and shears.

Bending moments are the torsional force created by a force vector about an axis or point.

The claimed technical solution, namely the multifunctional lifting system, is shown in Fig. 1 - 2, where the said system includes a structure using modified standard inventory scaffolds of manual assembly 1, which are a set of metal multidirectional connections consisting of pipes and plates (IPRS elements), where the latter have holes for installing bolts or studs. They are located on the plates according to the requirements for the unification of the structure. The holes serve to fasten the IPRS elements together with bolts. The claimed structure is presented mainly in the form of a volumetric prism, which is a single spatial frame.

The number of pipes and plates of a set of metal multidirectional ties 1 varies depending on the loads created and is a minimum of 50 units (pipes and plates) for the simplest structure, such as a column. And for volumetric structures, such as bridges, dams, buildings for the nuclear industry, the number of pipes and plates can be more than 300 units.

Standard hand-assembled inventory scaffolding 1 is made in the form of a set of metal multidirectional connections located between the lifting scaffolding 5 of the lower and upper tiers. The spatial rigidity of the multifunctional lifting system is provided by elements of the inventory scaffolding of manual assembly (ISMA) 1, connected by lifting scaffolding 5 and lifting beams 6. The number of lifting scaffolding 5 varies depending on the technological need, for example, the features of the structure or an increase in the volume of work performed.

The scaffolds 5 are connected to each other by the lifting beam 6, while the lifting beam 6 itself is not connected to the guide post 2 and moves along it. The lifting beam 6 consists of two beams and moves tangentially with respect to the post 2, due to which they move relative to each other vertically, forming a hinged connection. This connection of the lifting beam 6 with the guide post 2 allows vertical movement with minimal permissible horizontal deviations, no more than the amount of the gap between the guide post and the frame formed by the lifting beam.

On the scaffolds 5 themselves there is a flooring, mainly made of a rectangular shape from a board and (or) plastic, and (or) metal. The flooring is made in such a way that by sliding it, it is possible to bypass reinforcement outlets or bypass the complex geometry of the building. This is achieved as follows: the lower tiers of the scaffolds are made of 2 parts. One part is fixed, on it are fixed guides in the form of square pipes, along which the second, movable part moves (the fixed part is intended for the constant presence of people, materials and equipment). On the second (movable part) the mating parts of the guides, the so-called "rods", which move inside the guides of part 1 are fixed. Between the "rods" there are wooden shields, which are removed during the movement of the movable part. The movement is carried out due to screw jacks (turnbuckle type) consisting of a "frame-coupling" with multidirectional threads inside and two screw parts with eye plates. To move, the frame-coupling starts to rotate, and the screw parts in turn move towards each other (towards the center of the frame-coupling), moving the structure of the moving part along the fixed part of the scaffold. The movement continues until the required parameters of the reinforcement rod bypass are achieved.

The parrying of bending moments and shears created under the action of various loads, for example, from wind or people and materials located on the scaffolds in the claimed system occurs due to the design of lifting scaffolds with fixed EIPRS. Guide posts 2 in the base are installed in the support unit 4 strictly according to the geodetic layout. In this case, the guide post 2 itself is located perpendicular to the support unit 4.

The operation of the claimed technical solution is carried out by means of continuous and constant lifting of the MPFS to a height by the jack system 3. The lifting is carried out using the jack system 3, working together with the lifting scaffolds 5, and observing the synchronization in lifting. The number of jacks varies from 4 to 8, depending on the need. The lifting capacity of the jacks may vary depending on the load on the scaffolds. The number and lifting capacity of the jacks depend on the mass of the cargo being moved.

The jacking system 3 consists of at least two hydraulic cylinders pivotally connected to the lifting beam 6 and the guide post 2. The said hydraulic cylinders of the jacking system 3 are mounted on 2 (two) special thrust elements consisting of plates, angles, and in the upper part also an I-beam (not shown in the figure). The upper thrust element is rigidly attached to the lifting beam 6 through the I-beam, the lower thrust element is rigidly attached to the guide post 2. The hydraulic cylinder is pivotally attached to the thrust elements at the top and bottom.

The lifting is carried out by a jack system 3, which moves the scaffolding 5 along the guide posts 2, installed on the support unit 4 or another solid surface using fastening elements (not shown in the Fig.), which do not allow spontaneous uncontrolled lowering or breakdown of the lifting system. The fastening part is made of sheet metal and is fixed with bolts and is a plate with holes of a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the holes in the guide post 2.

The lifting is carried out due to the synchronous operation of the jack system 3. In this case, a special fastening part (not shown in the figure) has been developed for movement along the guide post 2, which does not allow spontaneous uncontrolled lowering of the system. The number of hydraulic cylinders of the jack system 3 varies from 4 to 8, and the lifting capacity of the jacks can also change. The number and lifting capacity of the jacks depends on the mass of the load being moved.

The system provides for the combination of several lifting systems into one for lifting and installing heavy and/or long loads.

The system can also work in conjunction with other lifting structures.

It is a structure, for example, consisting of at least two guide posts 2 and pivotally connected to lifting beams 6, with lifting scaffolds 5 and flooring suspended on them, while the entire system is moved by a jack system 3. Each guide post 2 is installed and secured to a support unit 4. The latter can be a reinforced concrete or metal structural element or part of a building element (foundation, floor slab, etc.).

The claimed technical solution can also be used for lifting and installing heavy embedded parts during construction, reconstruction or repair of industrial buildings, unique and particularly complex objects. For example, the multifunctional lifting system can be used during construction of buildings and structures of nuclear power plants, terminal buildings, plant workshops, such tasks as lifting, assembling and installing at a height an embedded part of the transport lock of the wall of the internal protective shell of the reactor building of the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant-2 (Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant, power units 3 and 4) simultaneously with concreting. For this lifting, it is necessary to assemble a multifunctional system of 8 posts with 4 support units, 2 lifting beams, 2 tiers of scaffolds connected by 124 EIPRS and 8 hydraulic jack units.

The system provides for the unification of several lifting systems into one for lifting and installing heavy and/or long loads. The system can also work together with other lifting structures.

This system is designed for continuous work at height, installation of ready-made oversized structures. It can be used for lifting and installation of heavy embedded parts during construction, reconstruction or repair of industrial, unique and especially complex objects. In addition, it can be used as a permanent lifting mechanism in production conditions. For example, for installation of embedded part of transport lock of the reactor building of a nuclear power plant.

Claims

MULTIFUNCTIONAL LIFTING SYSTEM Invention formula 1. A multifunctional lifting system that includes at least two support units, on each of which a guide post with a lifting beam is installed and secured perpendicularly to them, and lifting scaffolds are attached to the latter, characterized in that, in order to create stability and eliminate shifts, the lifting beams and lifting scaffolds are connected into a spatial system consisting of IPRS elements that are a set of metal multidirectional connections, and a jack system, where the latter is at least two hydraulic cylinders pivotally connected to the lifting beam and the guide post. 2. The system according to item 1, characterized in that the metal multidirectional connections are a set of metal pipes with plates connected to each other, wherein the number of pipes and plates is at least 50 units, and the connection is carried out by connecting the plates with bolts through holes and forms a single spatial frame, made mainly in the form of a prism.