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WO2025036660A1 - Élément de vitrage qui peut être éclairé et dont les propriétés optiques peuvent être commandées - Google Patents

Élément de vitrage qui peut être éclairé et dont les propriétés optiques peuvent être commandées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025036660A1
WO2025036660A1 PCT/EP2024/070795 EP2024070795W WO2025036660A1 WO 2025036660 A1 WO2025036660 A1 WO 2025036660A1 EP 2024070795 W EP2024070795 W EP 2024070795W WO 2025036660 A1 WO2025036660 A1 WO 2025036660A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pane
functional element
light source
light
barrier layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2024/070795
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Florence JACQUES
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of WO2025036660A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025036660A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

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    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/402—Coloured
    • B32B2307/4023—Coloured on the layer surface, e.g. ink
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/402—Coloured
    • B32B2307/4026—Coloured within the layer by addition of a colorant, e.g. pigments, dyes
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/41—Opaque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B32B2307/737—Dimensions, e.g. volume or area
    • B32B2307/7375—Linear, e.g. length, distance or width
    • B32B2307/7376—Thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an illuminable glazing element with controllable optical properties.
  • Illuminatable glazing elements are known as such. They are equipped with a light source whose light is coupled into an optical waveguide, usually a pane of glass, and spreads out as a result of total reflection. The light is often coupled out of the optical waveguide again by means of coupling elements, which is how the lighting is realized.
  • the shape of the coupling elements can be freely selected, so that illuminated surfaces of any shape, for example as a pattern, can be created.
  • Illuminated glazing elements of this type are known, for example, from W02014/060409A1 or WO2014/167291A1.
  • Such illuminated glazing elements are particularly interesting as roof windows.
  • the glazing element is typically designed as a composite pane, into the inner pane of which the light is coupled.
  • Such illuminated glazing elements can also be used for other vehicle windows or windows in the building and architecture sector or in furnishings.
  • the coupling elements create illuminated surfaces that can be used to display aesthetically pleasing shapes and patterns or to display information, for example to display direction arrows, status displays, warnings, price lists or similar.
  • the light source typically a light-emitting diode
  • the light source can be arranged on the side edge so that the light is radiated into the glass pane via the side edge and is thereby coupled in.
  • Such coupling is often impossible, particularly because the side edge of the glass pane is usually ground to increase the mechanical stability of the pane, which makes the side edge cloudy.
  • Illuminated glazing elements often have additional controllable optical properties. They include composite panes that are equipped with functional elements whose optical properties can be changed by applying an electrical voltage. The electrical voltage is applied via a control unit that is connected to two surface electrodes of the functional element, between which the active layer of the functional element is located.
  • An example of such functional elements are SPD functional elements (suspended particle device), which are known, for example, from EP0876608B1 and WO2011033313A1.
  • SPD functional elements sustained particle device
  • the transmission of visible light through SPD functional elements can be controlled by the applied voltage.
  • PDLC functional elements polymer dispersed liquid crystal
  • the active layer contains liquid crystals that are embedded in a polymer matrix.
  • the liquid crystals are aligned in a disordered manner, which leads to a strong scattering of the light passing through the active layer. If a voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals align in a common direction and the transmission of light through the active layer is increased.
  • the PDLC functional element works less by reducing the overall transmission than by increasing the scattering, which can prevent clear visibility or provide glare protection.
  • Such glazing elements can be used, for example, as vehicle windows, the light transmission behavior of which can then be controlled electrically. They can be used, for example, as roof windows to reduce glare. Such roof windows are known, for example, from DE10043141A1 and EP3456913A1. Functional elements with controllable optical properties often require sealants in the form of barrier layers to protect them from moisture or plasticizers from the intermediate layer.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing an improved glazing element which is largely free from the fact that uncoupled residual light from the light source can be visually perceived by an external environment.
  • the glazing element should also be inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the illuminable glazing element with controllable optical properties comprises a composite pane and a light source for coupling visible light into the composite pane.
  • the composite pane comprises an outer pane, an inner pane and a thermoplastic intermediate layer arranged flat between the inner pane and the outer pane.
  • the composite pane also comprises a functional element with controllable optical properties arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer and at least one barrier layer for reducing plasticizer diffusion.
  • the barrier layer has at least one opaque region. In other words, the barrier layer is opaque at least in some regions.
  • the light source is designed to couple light into the composite pane.
  • the light from the light source can be coupled into the inner pane as an optical waveguide, for example; however, it can also be coupled into an additional optical waveguide that is arranged between the functional element and the inner pane.
  • the light source is arranged in relation to the composite pane in such a way that it couples visible light into the composite pane during operation.
  • barrier layer “for reducing plasticizer diffusion” means that the barrier layer is designed in such a way that the diffusion of plasticizers through the barrier layer is reduced in comparison to the plasticizer diffusion through the surrounding thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the barrier layer is intended to reduce, in particular to substantially prevent, the diffusion of plasticizers from the thermoplastic intermediate layer to the functional element, in particular to the active layer of the functional element.
  • the light source is arranged in a partial area of the inner pane.
  • the partial area of the inner pane is at least partially free of overlap with the functional element, i.e., when looking through the composite pane, it is at least partially not overlapping with the functional element.
  • the direction of view in the sense of the invention is perpendicular to the main surface of the composite pane. This does not mean an oblique view of the composite pane or looking through the composite pane.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer that the functional element is completely enclosed by the intermediate layer, i.e. it is arranged within the boundaries of the thermoplastic intermediate layer. It goes without saying that additional layers, such as the barrier layer, can of course be arranged between the intermediate layer and the functional element, i.e. also arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the opaque area of the barrier layer extends at least over the partial area of the inner pane when viewed through the composite pane.
  • the opaque area of the barrier layer covers the entire partial area of the inner pane when viewed through the composite pane.
  • the barrier layer is in direct spatial contact with the functional element at least in one edge area of the functional element. “Direct spatial contact” means that the barrier layer is in direct contact with the functional element without further layers or elements being arranged between the edge area of the functional element and the barrier layer.
  • the functional element has an outside surface facing the outer pane and an inside surface facing the inner pane.
  • the barrier layer is preferably on the inside surface of the functional element in contact with the functional element.
  • the functional element also has a peripheral edge surface which connects the inside surface of the functional element with the outside surface of the functional element.
  • the “edge area” of the functional element can mean an area of the functional element on the inside surface or the outside surface. The edge area is directly adjacent to the edge surface of the functional element.
  • An edge area does not necessarily mean the entire peripheral edge area of the functional element, i.e. the area which extends like a frame along the entire edge surface, but it can also mean only a section of the peripheral edge area of the functional element.
  • all elements of the composite pane mentioned here which are arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, are arranged "flat” or “flat on top of each other".
  • the main surfaces of these elements are arranged essentially parallel to the surfaces of the outer pane and the inner pane.
  • the "thickness” or “layer thickness” of an element refers to the extent that is essentially orthogonal to the main surface of the element.
  • the main surface of the element describes the surface of the element with the greatest extent.
  • the opaque area of the barrier layer absorbs the visible light emitted by the light source, which is not coupled into the composite pane. This means that when looking at the outer pane of the composite pane, no visible light is visually perceptible in the area of the light source (the part of the inner pane), since light losses, i.e. light that is not inadvertently coupled into the composite pane, cannot reach the outer pane due to the at least partially opaque barrier layer.
  • the barrier layer prevents the diffusion of plasticizers to the functional element.
  • the use of the barrier layer according to the invention to prevent light emission in the area of the light source reduces costs, since this achieves two different functions with just one component of the composite pane.
  • Transparent in the sense of the invention means a light transmission (according to ISO 9050:2003) of at least 70%, preferably at least 80% and particularly preferably at least 90%.
  • “Semi-transparent” in the sense of the invention means a light transmission of less than 70%, preferably at most 50% and particularly preferably at most 5%.
  • “Opaque” in the sense of the invention means a light transmission (according to ISO 9050:2003) of less than 5%, preferably less than 0.1%, in particular less than 0%.
  • the barrier layer has an optical density of at least 3.0, particularly preferably 3.2, in particular 3.5 in the opaque region.
  • the barrier layer has an optical density of at least 3.0, particularly preferably 3.2, in particular 3.5 over all regions (i.e. the entire barrier layer).
  • the optical density is a measure of the absorption of visible light by a material. It indicates how much visible light is absorbed by light propagating through the material. The higher the optical density, the more visible Light is absorbed and the less visible light is transmitted completely through the material, i.e. passes through it.
  • the value 0 can be used as a reference. With an optical density of 0, the material absorbs no light at all.
  • the composite pane is intended to separate an interior space from the outside environment in a window opening of a vehicle or a building.
  • the term “inner pane” in the sense of the invention refers to the pane facing the interior space (vehicle interior).
  • the term “outer pane” refers to the pane facing the outside environment.
  • the inner pane has an interior surface facing away from the intermediate layer and an exterior surface facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer. If the inner pane of the composite pane is simultaneously the optical waveguide that is intended to guide the visible light from the light source, the exterior surface of the optical waveguide is the exterior surface of the inner pane and the interior surface of the optical waveguide is accordingly the interior surface of the inner pane.
  • the interior surface of the inner pane is also simultaneously the interior surface of the composite pane.
  • the outer pane has an exterior surface facing away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer and an interior surface facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the outside surface of the outer pane is also the outside surface of the composite pane.
  • the composite pane can be flat or curved in one or more directions of the room.
  • optical waveguide means a light-conducting medium, preferably a glass pane or a plastic pane, which is designed in such a way that light can be coupled into the optical waveguide using the effect of total reflection, and is also suitable for guiding coupled-in light.
  • the principle of light conduction by means of total reflection is generally known to those skilled in the art and is described in more detail, for example, in W02008/047442A1, JP2011086547A or JP2015043321A.
  • the optical waveguide is therefore designed in such a way that the light from a light source can be coupled into the optical waveguide and can propagate therein.
  • the entire barrier layer is opaque.
  • the barrier layer is completely opaque and has no transparent or semi-transparent areas. This leads to an even more cost-effective production of the glazing element according to the invention, since a partial coloring of the barrier layer for Achieving opacity in certain areas would require additional processing steps or would be more expensive to purchase.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer comprises at least a first thermoplastic intermediate film and a second thermoplastic intermediate film.
  • the functional element is arranged between the first thermoplastic intermediate film and the second thermoplastic intermediate film.
  • the second thermoplastic intermediate film is preferably arranged between the functional element and the inner pane and the first thermoplastic intermediate film is arranged between the outer pane and the functional element.
  • the functional element is thus arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the outer pane and the inner pane are firmly connected to one another via the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the second thermoplastic intermediate film is arranged between the functional element and the inner pane and the barrier layer is arranged between the functional element and the second thermoplastic intermediate film.
  • the barrier layer thus prevents, at least in sections, plasticizers from the second thermoplastic intermediate film from penetrating into the functional element.
  • a frame-shaped thermoplastic intermediate film can be arranged around the functional element.
  • the functional element preferably extends only over a central area of the composite pane.
  • the composite pane therefore has an area free of the functional element, which extends all the way around the functional element. This arrangement prevents moisture from penetrating the functional element via the edge surface of the composite pane.
  • Such an arrangement also results in differences in thickness, which can be compensated for by the frame-shaped thermoplastic intermediate film.
  • the functional element and the frame-shaped thermoplastic intermediate film together extend essentially over the entire surface of the composite pane.
  • the frame-shaped thermoplastic intermediate film is part of the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the partial area of the inner pane is arranged completely without overlap with the functional element.
  • the functional element is a PDLC functional element, which has a particularly high light scattering in some optical states. Light that is misdirected from the light source onto the PDLC functional element would therefore create irritating lighting effects for users.
  • elements can also mean regions of elements.
  • the light source is arranged in relation to the composite pane in such a way that the visible light emitted by the light source can be coupled into the inner pane.
  • the inner pane is therefore the optical waveguide, which is intended to guide the visible light from the light source.
  • the light source can be installed in a recess in the inner pane, for example.
  • This recess is preferably a hole, i.e. a passage that extends between the outer and inner surfaces of the inner pane.
  • the recess can also be a recess in the form of a blind hole (blind-like recess) that extends from the outer surface or the inner surface into the inner pane, but without reaching the opposite main surface, which would result in a passage.
  • the recess can be created, for example, by mechanical drilling or by laser processing in the inner pane.
  • the recess is preferably round, but can basically have any shape, for example a polygonal shape. This refers to the base area of the recess on the surface of the Inner pane, through which the recess is made in the inner pane.
  • the recess has the overall shape of a cylinder, preferably a vertical cylinder (extends from the interior surface of the inner pane to the exterior surface of the inner pane).
  • the cylinder is preferably a circular cylinder (circular base area), but can also have any other base area, for example an elliptical base area (elliptical cylinder) or a polygonal base area (prism).
  • the recess is limited by a peripheral edge surface which extends between the main surfaces of the inner pane. In the case of a feedthrough, this is the only boundary surface of the recess. In the case of a sack-like depression, there is a further boundary surface which faces the main surface of the optical waveguide to which the depression does not extend and which forms the bottom of the blind hole.
  • the light source is arranged on the edge surface of the recess in the inner pane, preferably attached, in particular glued, or arranged in a holder attached to the recess.
  • the visible light is then coupled into the inner pane via the inner edge surface and spreads out in the inner pane under the effect of total reflection.
  • the light source can also be arranged on the interior surface of the inner pane and a coupling means can be arranged between the inner pane and the light source or on the exterior surface of the inner pane, which refracts or reflects the incident light emitted by the light source in such a way that it can be coupled into the inner pane.
  • an optical waveguide is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, and the light source is arranged in relation to the composite pane in such a way that the visible light emitted by the light source can be coupled into the optical waveguide.
  • the light source is preferably arranged on the interior-side surface of the inner pane.
  • a coupling means is preferably arranged between the optical waveguide and the light source, preferably between the inner pane and the light source, or on the surface of the optical waveguide facing the outer pane.
  • the coupling means refracts or reflects the light emitted by the light source and striking the coupling means, so that it can be coupled into the optical waveguide.
  • “visible light” means light with a wavelength of 400 nm to 800 nm.
  • the thickness of the outer pane is preferably from 0.5 mm to 10 mm, particularly preferably from 1 mm to 5 mm.
  • the outer pane is preferably made of soda-lime glass.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a thickness of, for example, 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm (sum of the thicknesses of all films of the intermediate layer).
  • the intermediate layer is particularly preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyurethane (PU). This means that all thermoplastic films are preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyurethane (PU).
  • the films or the entire intermediate layer can contain other components, for example plasticizers, stabilizers, UV or IR blockers.
  • the inner pane is preferably made of soda-lime glass, as is usual for window panes. Alternatively, the inner pane can also be made of other types of glass, for example borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass or quartz glass.
  • the inner pane can also be a plastic pane. If the inner pane is a plastic pane, it is preferably made of a clear, rigid plastic, particularly preferably polycarbonate (PC) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
  • the thickness of the inner pane is preferably from 0.5 mm to 10 mm, particularly preferably from 1 mm to 5 mm. If the inner pane is the optical waveguide, it preferably has an iron oxide content of a maximum of 1%, particularly preferably a maximum of 0.1%.
  • the inner pane is particularly suitable as an optical waveguide for visible light. If the inner pane is the optical waveguide, it is preferably clear and has no significant tints or colorings in order to make the light propagation efficient.
  • the outer pane can also be clear or tinted or colored.
  • the optical waveguide is arranged between the inner pane and the outer pane and preferably has a thickness of 0.03 mm to 1.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 mm to 1 mm.
  • Such an optical waveguide is preferably made of soda-lime glass or alternatively of other types of glass, for example borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass or quartz glass.
  • the optical waveguide can also be a flexible optical waveguide film and act as a transparent layer, for example a PET film with a thickness of 30 pm to 200 pm.
  • the optical waveguide made of mineral glass preferably has an iron oxide content of a maximum of 1%, particularly preferably of maximum 0.1%.
  • the optical fiber is preferably clear and has no significant tints or colorations in order to make the light propagation efficient.
  • the outer pane can also be clear or tinted or colored.
  • the optical waveguide preferably has a light transmittance of at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 80%, most preferably at least 90% (according to ISO 9050:2003).
  • a coupling means preferably a microprism film, is arranged between the light source and the barrier layer.
  • the coupling means is preferably arranged on the optical waveguide of the composite pane.
  • the optical waveguide can be the inner pane of the composite pane or can be arranged as an additional element between the functional element and the inner pane. Irrespective of this, the optical waveguide has an outer surface facing the functional element and an inner surface facing away from the functional element.
  • the optical waveguide is preferably the inner pane of the composite pane.
  • the coupling element is arranged in such a way that light emitted by the light source strikes the coupling element and is then coupled into the optical waveguide by means of reflection or light refraction at the coupling element.
  • the light from the light source can transmit through other elements of the composite pane before it strikes the coupling element, for example the light from the light source can first transmit through the inner pane before it strikes the coupling element. Even after the light has hit the coupling element and been refracted or reflected there, it can transmit through other elements of the composite pane before it is coupled into the optical waveguide.
  • the coupling means is arranged so that it is congruent with the opaque area of the barrier layer.
  • the coupling means is a reflective structure.
  • the reflective structure is preferably formed in the outer surface of the optical waveguide or applied to the outer surface of the optical waveguide.
  • the reflective structure has a plurality of inclined sections with a reflective surface and is configured such that the light radiated into the optical waveguide and passed through the optical waveguide is reflected on the reflective surface of the inclined sections and at least partially is coupled back into the optical waveguide.
  • the light from the light source is at least partially reflected by the reflective surface of the inclined sections with a coupling angle into the optical waveguide and coupled into it.
  • the light from the light source preferably enters the optical waveguide via the interior surface and then hits the reflective structure so that it can be coupled into the optical waveguide. Before the light hits the interior surface of the optical waveguide, it may have previously passed through other elements of the optical waveguide (i.e. transmitted through). More precisely:
  • the reflective structure is formed in the outside surface: the light from the light source hits the inside surface of the optical waveguide, then transmits through the optical waveguide, hits the outside surface of the optical waveguide and is reflected there by the reflective structure.
  • the reflective structure is therefore a partial area of the outside surface of the optical waveguide and the light is reflected by this partial area;
  • the reflective structure is applied to the outside surface of the optical waveguide: the light from the light source hits the inside surface of the optical waveguide, then transmits through the optical waveguide, exits the optical waveguide again via the outside surface and is reflected by the reflective structure.
  • the light exiting the optical waveguide preferably passes through the reflective structure and is reflected on its surface facing away from the optical waveguide, which forms the reflective surface of the inclined sections.
  • inclined sections means that the reflective structure has one or more regions which are inclined with respect to the surface of the optical waveguide facing away from the functional element.
  • the reflective structure is preferably provided with a reflective coating, which is responsible for the reflective properties of the reflective structure.
  • the reflective coating is preferably arranged, preferably applied, on the surface of the reflective structure facing away from the optical waveguide.
  • the reflective coating comprises at least one reflective layer based on a metal or a metal alloy. This increases the degree of reflection of the reflective coating.
  • the reflective structure is particularly preferably a microprism film.
  • the microprism film is applied, for example glued, to the outer surface of the optical waveguide.
  • the reflective surface of the reflective structure is preferably arranged facing away from the optical waveguide.
  • the microprism film is transparent apart from the reflective surface. The light from the light source exits the optical waveguide via the outer surface after entering the optical waveguide, passes through the microprism film and hits its reflective surface, where it is reflected and passes through the microprism film again and re-enters the optical waveguide via the outer surface.
  • a microprism film is a flexible, in particular foil-like polymer film that has a smooth surface that faces the optical waveguide and is in particular arranged on it, and a structured surface that faces away from the optical waveguide.
  • the structured surface is designed in the form of a planar arrangement of a plurality of prisms with dimensions in the micrometer range, the prism surfaces forming the inclined sections of the reflective structure.
  • the structured surface of the microprism film is preferably coated with a reflective coating.
  • the microprisms act in particular as reflective prisms and reflect the light that hits them in a direction that depends on the angle of inclination of the prism surfaces and the angle of incidence of the light.
  • Microprism films are commercially available and can be purchased or specially produced during the manufacture of the glazing element according to the invention or the composite pane according to the invention.
  • the edge length of the individual microprisms is preferably from 10 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably from 20 pm to 100 pm, for example about 30 pm.
  • the microprism film can be made up of multiple layers. Microprism films are commonly used which have a substrate layer, for example based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on which the microprisms made of a UV-curing polyacrylate are formed.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the microprism film is transparent apart from its reflective surface and preferably has a light transmission of at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 80%, and most preferably at least 90%, compared to the light from the light source. It is advantageous if the difference between the refractive indices of the optical waveguide and the microprism film is as small as possible in order to reduce reflection losses at the interface between the optical waveguide and the microprism film. Preferably, the said difference in the refractive indices is at most 0.02 (based on a wavelength of 550 nm), particularly preferably at most 0.01. If the optical waveguide and the microprism film differ in their refractive index, the microprism film preferably has a larger refractive index than the optical waveguide, which is advantageous for light coupling with high efficiency.
  • Refractive indices are generally given in relation to a wavelength of 550 nm within the scope of the present invention. Methods for determining refractive indices are known to those skilled in the art. The refractive indices given within the scope of the invention can be determined, for example, by means of ellipsometry, whereby commercially available ellipsometers can be used. The indication of layer thicknesses or thicknesses refers, unless otherwise stated, to the geometric thickness of a layer.
  • a rigid microprism plate can also be used, i.e. a rigid plastic plate with a flat arrangement of microprisms.
  • the reflective structure can also be formed directly in the outer surface of the optical waveguide.
  • a portion of the outer surface is formed as a reflective surface. This is relatively easy to implement, especially if the optical waveguide is a polymer layer, for example a plastic disk or plate. The light from the light source is reflected directly on the outer surface and thrown back into the optical waveguide without exiting the optical waveguide.
  • the reflective surface of the reflective structure has sections that are inclined to the interior-side surface of the optical waveguide. This means that the sections are not arranged parallel to the interior-side surface, but at an angle of greater than 0° to the interior-side surface.
  • the said sections have an angle to the interior-side surface that is between 0° and 90°, preferably from 28° to 60° or from 30° to 60°, very particularly preferably from 30° to 50°, in particular from 40° to 50°, for example about 45°. This refers to the absolute value of the respective angle.
  • the sections can be inclined in different directions.
  • the sections are preferably also inclined to one another. This means that adjacent sections are inclined to one another, i.e. are not arranged parallel, but at an angle between 0° and 180° to one another.
  • the said sections of the reflective structure are preferably essentially flat. The inclination of the sections of the reflective structure to the interior surface of the optical waveguide determines the angle at which the reflected light is reflected back into the optical fiber.
  • the coupling element is arranged, preferably applied, on the interior-side surface of the optical waveguide, preferably the inner pane.
  • the beam path of the light source is directed at the coupling means.
  • the coupling means couples the light arriving from the light source into the optical waveguide, preferably by refraction.
  • the coupling means is therefore a light-refracting structure.
  • the light source is preferably connected to the inner pane via the coupling means.
  • a collimator can be arranged between the light source and the coupling means, i.e. in the beam path of the light source.
  • the optical waveguide of the composite pane comprises at least one coupling-out element, regardless of whether the optical waveguide is the inner pane of the composite pane or a light-conducting element arranged between the functional element and the inner pane.
  • “coupling-out element” means an element that is suitable for coupling the light out of the optical waveguide.
  • at least one first coupling-out element is arranged on the interior surface or the exterior surface of the optical waveguide.
  • the optical waveguide can have several coupling-out elements in different areas.
  • the optical waveguide preferably has at least one further coupling-out element, particularly preferably at least two further coupling-out elements, in particular at least three further coupling-out elements, on its interior surface or its exterior surface. Coupled-in light is thus coupled out of the optical waveguide via the interior surface or the exterior surface of the optical waveguide at the coupling-out element.
  • the coupling-out element only extends over a region of the optical waveguide, i.e. not over the entire surface, since otherwise coupling and propagation of the light by means of total reflection would not be possible.
  • the at least one coupling-out element of the optical waveguide on the outside surface or the inside surface of the optical waveguide can be introduced into the surface of the optical waveguide, for example by means of roughening.
  • the at least one coupling-out element of the optical waveguide can also be printed on the outside surface or the inside surface.
  • the at least one coupling-out element of the optical waveguide can also be applied, preferably printed, on a surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer facing the optical waveguide, wherein the at least one coupling-out element is arranged in direct spatial contact with the outside surface of the optical waveguide or with the inside surface (if the optical waveguide is arranged between the functional element and the inner pane). If the light propagating in the optical waveguide hits the coupling-out element, it is scattered, which prevents total reflection, so that the scattered light is coupled out and leaves the composite pane.
  • the decoupling elements appear as a luminous surface of the composite pane. This can be used, for example, to illuminate an interior and in particular to display symbols or patterns that serve to convey information or may be intended for purely aesthetic reasons.
  • the decoupling elements can be used to create any shape or pattern.
  • the at least one coupling-out element can be provided, for example, as a film that is glued to the optical waveguide.
  • the other coupling-out elements can also be provided as a film.
  • the at least one coupling-out element is designed as a print on the optical waveguide.
  • a print on this is preferably designed as a light-scattering enamel.
  • This enamel can be printed on using a screen printing process, for example. It preferably contains glass frits which are burned into the surface of the glass layer, creating a roughened and therefore light-scattering surface.
  • the optical waveguide is made predominantly from a polymeric material, then this is preferably achieved by printing the optical waveguide with a light-scattering, transparent printing paste.
  • the at least one coupling-out element is designed as a print on a surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer facing the optical waveguide - wherein the at least one coupling-out element is additionally in direct spatial contact with the outer surface of the optical waveguide or with the interior surface of the optical waveguide - then this is preferably realized by printing the thermoplastic intermediate layer with a light-scattering, transparent printing paste.
  • the coupling-out element is transparent so that it does not significantly restrict the view through the composite pane.
  • the print printing paste therefore preferably does not contain any pigment.
  • opaque or semi-transparent coupling-out elements with pigments are also conceivable, for example white elements.
  • the print can also produce a colored tint, i.e. at least not completely block the view through the composite pane, but make it appear in one or more color shades.
  • the printing paste preferably contains dyes or color pigments if it is opaque, semi-transparent or color-tinted.
  • coupling-out elements that are arranged on the optical waveguide can also be formed by roughening the relevant surface of the optical waveguide.
  • This roughening can be done mechanically (for example by grinding techniques) or by laser processing.
  • Laser processing has the advantage, particularly in the case of a composite pane, that the coupling-out element can also be introduced into the finished laminated composite pane, even if it is to be located inside the composite pane, since the laser radiation can also be focused on a plane inside the composite pane.
  • Laser processing also makes it possible to form at least the first coupling-out element not on a surface, but inside the optical waveguide.
  • the light coupled into the optical waveguide propagates in the optical waveguide until it either hits the side edge surface of the optical waveguide and is coupled out there or hits the at least one coupling-out element on one of the two surfaces of the optical waveguide, which interrupts the total reflection by light scattering, whereby the light is coupled out of the optical waveguide via the surface in question.
  • the functional element comprises in the order given at least
  • the surface electrodes are preferably applied to the carrier film adjacent to them.
  • the surface electrodes and the active layer are arranged between the carrier films.
  • the carrier films thus form the surfaces of the functional element and give a liquid or soft active layer the necessary mechanical stability.
  • the functional element can thus be provided as a laminated film that can be advantageously processed.
  • the functional element is advantageously protected from damage, in particular corrosion, by the carrier films.
  • the functional element is particularly preferably a PDLC functional element.
  • the functional element is designed like a film.
  • the active layer has the controllable optical properties, which can be controlled via the voltage applied to the surface electrodes.
  • the first surface electrode is electrically connected to at least one first bus conductor and the second surface electrode is electrically connected to at least one second bus conductor.
  • the first bus conductor and the second bus conductor as well as any additional bus conductors present are intended to be electrically connected to an external voltage source in a manner known per se.
  • the electrical contact is made by suitable connecting cables, for example foil conductors.
  • the surface electrodes are preferably designed as transparent, electrically conductive layers.
  • the surface electrodes preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy or a transparent conductive oxide (transparent conducting oxide, TCO).
  • the surface electrodes can contain, for example, silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, indium tin oxide (ITO), gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide and/or fluorine-doped or antimony-doped tin oxide.
  • the surface electrodes preferably have a thickness of 10 nm to 2 pm, particularly preferably 20 nm to 1 pm, very particularly preferably 30 nm to 500 nm.
  • the functional element can have other layers known per se, for example barrier layers, blocking layers, anti-reflection layers, protective layers and/or smoothing layers.
  • the carrier films preferably contain at least one thermoplastic polymer, particularly preferably low-plasticizer or plasticizer-free polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This is particularly advantageous with regard to the stability of the functional element.
  • the carrier films can also contain or consist of other low-plasticizer or plasticizer-free polymers, for example ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resins, acrylates, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • the thickness of each carrier film is preferably from 0.02 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably from 0.04 mm to 0.2 mm.
  • Carrier films provide particularly effective protection against the diffusion of plasticizer into the active layer.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer contains at least 3% by weight, preferably at least 5% by weight, particularly preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 30% by weight and in particular at least 40% by weight of a plasticizer.
  • the plasticizer preferably contains or consists of triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate).
  • Plasticizers are chemicals that make plastics softer, more flexible, more pliable and/or more elastic. They shift the thermoelastic range of plastics towards lower temperatures so that the plastics have the desired more elastic properties in the range of the application temperature.
  • Other preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, in particular low-volatility carboxylic acid esters, fats, oils, soft resins and camphor.
  • Other plasticizers are preferably aliphatic diesters of tri- or tetraethylene glycol. Particularly preferred plasticizers are 3G7, 3G8 or 4G7, where the first digit indicates the number of ethylene glycol units and the last digit indicates the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid part of the compound.
  • 3G8 stands for triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate), i.e. for a compound of the formula C4H9CH (CH2CH3) CO (OCH 2 CH 2 )3O 2 CCH (CH 2 CH 3 ) C4H9.
  • the functional element is preferably a PDLC functional element (polymer dispersed liquid crystal).
  • the active layer of a PDLC functional element contains liquid crystals which are embedded in a polymer matrix. If no voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals are aligned in a disordered manner, which leads to a strong scattering of the light passing through the active layer. If a voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals in the second area of the active layer and possibly other areas of the active layer are aligned in a common direction. and the transmission of light through the active layer is increased.
  • functional elements and in particular PDLC functional elements can be used, which are transparent when no voltage is applied (zero volts) and scatter strongly when a voltage is applied.
  • controllable functional elements for example electrochromic functional elements or SPD functional elements (suspended particle device).
  • electrochromic functional elements for example electrochromic functional elements or SPD functional elements (suspended particle device).
  • SPD functional elements sustained particle device.
  • the controllable functional elements mentioned and their functionality are known to the person skilled in the art, so that a detailed description can be omitted at this point.
  • a PDLC functional element is particularly preferred, since effective protection against plasticizers must be guaranteed, especially with PDLC elements, in order not to impair the optical quality of the functional element.
  • the functional element is typically cut out of a multilayer film with larger dimensions in the desired shape and size. This can be done mechanically, for example with a knife. In an advantageous embodiment, the cutting is done using a laser. It has been shown that the side surface is more stable in this case than with mechanical cutting. With mechanically cut side surfaces, there is a risk that the material will retract, which is visually noticeable and has a negative impact on the aesthetics of the pane.
  • electrically controllable optical properties are understood to mean properties that are continuously controllable, but equally also those that can be switched between two or more discrete states.
  • the electrical control of the functional element or the light source which are installed in a vehicle as part of the glazing element according to the invention, is carried out, for example, by means of switches, rotary or sliding controls that are integrated in the vehicle's instruments.
  • a button for controlling the functional element can also be integrated into the composite pane, for example a capacitive button.
  • the functional element can be controlled by contactless methods, for example by recognizing gestures, or depending on the state of the pupil or eyelid determined by a camera and suitable evaluation electronics.
  • the functional element or the Light source can be controlled by sensors that detect light falling on the pane.
  • the functional element is divided into several segments that can be electrically controlled independently of one another. It is thus possible, for example, to switch one or more segments to be translucent, i.e. light-scattering, whereas at least one further segment is switched to be transparent, i.e. not light-scattering.
  • the functional element preferably has at least two segments, particularly preferably at least three, in particular at least four segments.
  • the segments can be produced, for example, by insulation lines on the surface electrodes.
  • the first surface electrode is preferably divided by insulation lines into several surface electrodes that are smaller in area.
  • the active layer in addition to the first surface electrode, can also be divided by insulation lines into individual layer elements.
  • the insulation lines with which the active layer and/or the surface electrodes are divided can be introduced, for example, by means of laser radiation.
  • the first carrier film and the first surface electrode arranged on the first carrier film, preferably applied have at least some sections of an overhang from the active layer of the functional element.
  • the second carrier film and the second surface electrode arranged on the second carrier film, preferably applied also have at least some sections of an overhang from the active layer.
  • the overhang of the second surface electrode is arranged on an edge of the functional element opposite the overhang of the first electrode.
  • At least one first bus bar is applied by soldering or gluing to the protruding area of the first surface electrode and at least one second bus bar is applied by soldering or gluing to the protruding area of the second surface electrode.
  • the bus bars applied in this way are preferably designed as a wire or strip of an electrically conductive foil.
  • the bus bars then contain, for example, at least aluminum, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten and/or tin or alloys thereof.
  • the strip preferably has a thickness of 10 pm to 500 pm, particularly preferably 30 pm to 300 pm. Bus bars made of electrically conductive foils with these thicknesses are technically easy to produce and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity.
  • the strip can be electrically connected to the electrically conductive structure, for example, via a solder mass, via an electrically conductive adhesive or by direct application.
  • the first bus bar and/or the second bus bar and/or the other bus bars that may be present are designed as a printed and fired-in conductive structure.
  • the printed bus bars preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy, a metal compound and/or carbon, particularly preferably a noble metal and in particular silver.
  • the printing paste preferably contains metallic particles, metal particles and/or carbon and in particular noble metal particles such as silver particles.
  • the electrical conductivity is preferably achieved by the electrically conductive particles.
  • the particles can be located in an organic and/or inorganic matrix such as pastes or inks, preferably as a printing paste with glass frits. This design can be produced quickly and easily in terms of production technology, with silver-containing materials being characterized by high electrical conductivity and being relatively long-term stable.
  • the layer thickness of the printed bus bars is preferably from 5 pm to 40 pm, particularly preferably from 8 pm to 20 pm and most particularly preferably from 8 pm to 12 pm.
  • Printed bus bars with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity.
  • the first bus bar, the second bus bar and/or any additional bus bars that may be present are preferably applied to a surface of the respective surface electrode that faces the active layer of the functional element. This arrangement is simpler because the surface electrodes are arranged between the active layer and a carrier film and are therefore difficult to connect to a bus bar via the surface of the surface electrode that faces away from the active layer.
  • the first bus bar, the second bus bar and/or any additional bus bars that may be present can also be applied to the surface of the respective surface electrode that faces away from the active layer.
  • a carrier film that may be present can, for example, have a recess via which the bus bar and surface electrode can be connected to one another.
  • layer thicknesses or thicknesses refers Unless otherwise stated, refers to the geometric thickness of a layer. If something is "based" on a polymeric material, it consists predominantly of this material, i.e. at least 50%, preferably at least 60% and in particular at least 70%. It can therefore also contain other materials such as stabilizers or plasticizers.
  • the second carrier film has a projection to the active layer at least in sections and the barrier layer is arranged such that it is in direct spatial contact with the projection of the second carrier film.
  • the second carrier film is arranged closer to the inner pane than the first carrier film and the barrier layer is arranged between the functional element and the inner pane.
  • the second surface electrode is preferably also arranged on the projection of the second carrier film, particularly preferably applied.
  • the barrier layer is only arranged in the edge region of the functional element in which the second carrier film has a projection to the active layer.
  • the arrangement of the barrier layer on the functional element prevents the barrier layer from coming into direct spatial contact with the active layer, which could lead to an undesirable chemical reaction, but prevents the diffusion of plasticizers from the intermediate layer, which is also arranged partially between the inner pane and the functional element.
  • the projection of the carrier film to the active layer also belongs to the edge region of the functional element.
  • the composite pane comprises further barrier layers in addition to the barrier layer.
  • the barrier layer and the further barrier layers taken together are arranged to form the functional element in such a way that the active layer is largely protected from plasticizers from the intermediate layer.
  • the entire peripheral edge surface of the active layer is sealed by the barrier layer and/or the further barrier layers.
  • “sealed” means that the corresponding section of a surface is completely covered with the barrier layer as a protective layer and is thereby made more resistant and durable, in particular against the diffusion of harmful substances such as moisture, but in particular also against plasticizers from the environment that could otherwise penetrate into the interior of the active layer.
  • the barrier layer is in direct and immediate contact with the active layer. For example, there is no separate adhesive or other intermediate layer between the barrier layer and the active layer of the functional element.
  • the barrier layer and any additional barrier layers present are preferably designed such that they prevent the diffusion of plasticizer through the respective barrier layer to the same or greater extent as the diffusion of plasticizer through the surface electrodes.
  • the barrier layer is designed such that it prevents the diffusion of plasticizers from the thermoplastic intermediate layer through the barrier layer.
  • the barrier layer is preferably single-layered or multi-layered, for example two-layered, three-layered, four-layered or five-layered.
  • the individual layers of the barrier layer are also referred to below as individual layers and can consist of the same material or of different materials.
  • the barrier layer can be completely opaque or partially opaque and partially transparent or semi-transparent.
  • the opaque area of the barrier layer can be achieved, for example, by coloring or tinting the desired area.
  • the barrier layer and any additional barrier layers present preferably contain or consist of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl fluoride.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the barrier layer and any additional barrier layers present are based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl fluoride. These materials are particularly suitable for reducing plasticizer diffusion and can also be easily embedded in the composite pane.
  • one or more adhesion-improving layers can be arranged between the functional element and the barrier layer and any additional barrier layers that may be present.
  • the peripheral edge surface of the active layer of the functional element is subjected to an adhesion-improving surface treatment.
  • the further barrier layer consisting of one or more individual layers has a thickness (also called material thickness) of 10 nm to 50 pm (nanometers), preferably from 15 nm to 25 pm and particularly preferably from 15 nm to 5 pm.
  • the barrier layer made of one or more individual layers preferably has a thickness of 0.02 mm to 0.2 mm, preferably 0.04 mm to 0.15 mm.
  • the specified thickness refers to the total layer thickness of all individual layers that may be present. With such a layer thickness, visible light is completely blocked in the opaque area of the barrier layer, so that it cannot transmit through the opaque area of the barrier layer.
  • barrier layers also called barrier films
  • barrier films are generally known to those skilled in the art. These can be designed, for example, as disclosed in WO2018188844A1 or WO2019077014A1.
  • the barrier layer is at least partially arranged, preferably applied, on a peripheral edge surface of the functional element.
  • the "edge surface of the functional element” essentially means the edge surface of the active layer.
  • the peripheral edge surface of the active layer is the surface that is arranged between the main surface of the active layer that faces the outer pane and the main surface of the active layer that faces the inner pane. The peripheral edge surface thus connects the two main surfaces of the active layer to one another.
  • the active layer preferably has no other surfaces apart from the two main surfaces and the peripheral edge surface.
  • the glazing element is provided with a light source which is suitable for coupling light into the composite pane.
  • the light source emits visible light, i.e. electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectral range, in particular in the range from 400 nm to 800 nm.
  • the light source can have one or more emission bands which are arranged in the visible spectral range and cover part of it. However, the light source can also have a broad emission band which covers the entire visible spectral range.
  • the emission band(s) - and thus the color of the emitted light - can be freely selected according to the requirements of the specific application.
  • the glazing element can have a single light source or several separate light sources, the light of which is coupled into the composite pane, or more specifically the optical waveguide, at different points.
  • the light source preferably comprises at least one light-emitting diode (LED).
  • the light source can be a single light-emitting diode, but it is preferably an arrangement of several light-emitting diodes.
  • the said arrangement is preferably installed in a common housing, for example as a linear arrangement in which the light-emitting diodes are arranged along a line.
  • the electroluminescent material of the light-emitting diode can be, for example, an inorganic semiconductor or an organic semiconductor. In the latter case, one also speaks of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED).
  • a collimator can be arranged between the light source and the composite pane, with the collimator being located in the beam path of the light source.
  • the collimator is preferably arranged between the light source and the interior surface of the optical waveguide, in particular between the light source and the interior surface of the inner pane, so that the light is radiated into the composite pane or into the optical waveguide via the collimator.
  • the collimator generates a light beam from the typically divergent light beam of the light source with a preferably essentially parallel beam path, or at least a less divergent, i.e. more concentrated beam path. The beam cone of the light source is thus narrowed by the collimator.
  • the optical waveguide is provided with a reflective structure, with such an essentially convergent angle of incidence, a large proportion of the light can be coupled into the optical waveguide via the reflective structure, so that total reflection occurs. This optimizes the light yield.
  • the collimator is a type of converging lens, with the light source preferably being arranged at its focal point.
  • the collimator can be made of glass or a transparent plastic, for example, in particular polycarbonate (PC) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
  • the collimator is preferably attached, for example glued, to the interior surface of the inner pane.
  • the light source is designed as an arrangement of several light-emitting diodes, a separate collimator can be provided for each light-emitting diode.
  • a common collimator for the entire LED array is used. In the case of a linear LED array, for example, a rod-like collimator can be used whose length is at least equal to the length of the LED array.
  • the light source has a luminous intensity of at least 200 lm/m, preferably 240 lm/m and in particular 280 lm/m.
  • the light source comprises at least one light-emitting diode with a luminous intensity of at least 200 lm/m, preferably 240 lm/m and in particular 280 lm/m. At such high luminous intensities, a larger proportion of the light is coupled into the composite pane.
  • "Im/m” means "lumen per meter", i.e. the luminous intensity per meter.
  • the composite pane preferably has a masking area that is independent of the barrier layer and through which no view is possible.
  • This masking area is called the masking area of the composite pane and is preferably arranged all the way around in an edge area of the composite pane and surrounds a central area of the composite pane intended for viewing in a frame-like manner. This is particularly common for vehicle windows.
  • the masking area is in particular formed by an element, for example by a masking print.
  • the masking area is particularly preferably formed by a masking print on the interior surface of the outer pane.
  • the masking area preferably completely covers the partial area of the inner pane.
  • Such a masking print is typically formed by an enamel that contains glass frits and a black pigment and is printed using a screen printing process and then burned into the surface.
  • Such masking prints do not completely block the light emitted by the light source, so that light that is not coupled into the composite pane is visually perceptible even when looking at the outside surface of the outer pane from above, depending on the arrangement of the light source in relation to the masking area.
  • the light from the light source is at least partially visually perceptible from the external environment in glazing elements of this type, since the covering print does not completely block the light.
  • the covering print preferably has an optical density of at most 3.5, preferably at most 3.0.
  • the interior-side surface of the outer pane is provided with an IR-reflecting coating.
  • the IR-reflecting coating contains, for example, an electrically conductive metal, preferably silver.
  • the IR-reflecting coating comprises at least two, preferably at least three silver layers, the silver layers being arranged in a stacking sequence and at least one dielectric layer being arranged between the silver layers.
  • the IR-reflecting coating particularly preferably extends over the entire interior surface of the outer pane with the exception of a frame-shaped edge region of the outer pane. The coating-free edge region of the outer pane prevents the IR-reflecting coating from being corroded by moisture penetrating via the edge region.
  • the frame-shaped edge area of the outer pane is stripped of the coating using a decomposing layer. If the decomposing layer comes into contact with the IR-reflecting coating, a chemical reaction occurs as a result of which the IR-reflecting layer is decomposed, i.e. the area is stripped of the coating, and the reaction product of both layers forms a cover print in the stripped area.
  • this type of cover print cannot completely block the light from the light source.
  • the cover print formed by the decomposing layer and the IR-reflecting coating is particularly preferably arranged in overlap with the partial area of the inner pane.
  • a cover print formed in this way preferably has an optical density of at most 3.5, preferably at most 3.0.
  • the decomposing layer preferably contains particles based on zirconium oxide.
  • Particles based on zirconium oxide contain at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 85% by weight, of zirconium oxide (ZrO2).
  • the zirconium oxide is preferably stabilized, in particular by means of yttrium. It can also contain additives, in particular selected from Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, SiO2 and mixtures thereof.
  • the particles based on zirconium oxide particularly preferably have a chemical composition which in particular comprises the following components in the following weight ranges:
  • - black pigments 0-6%, especially 1-6%.
  • the glazing element according to the invention can be manufactured by means of the following process: (A) providing an outer pane, an inner pane, a thermoplastic intermediate layer, a functional element with controllable optical properties and a barrier layer for reducing plasticizer diffusion with at least one opaque region,
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer between the outer pane and the inner pane, wherein the functional element is arranged within the intermediate layer
  • the composite pane can be manufactured using known lamination processes, such as autoclave processes, vacuum bag processes, vacuum ring processes, calender processes, vacuum laminators or combinations thereof.
  • lamination processes such as autoclave processes, vacuum bag processes, vacuum ring processes, calender processes, vacuum laminators or combinations thereof.
  • the connection between the outer pane and the inner pane is usually carried out under the influence of heat, vacuum and/or pressure.
  • the composite pane of the glazing element according to the invention can be used as a window pane of a vehicle.
  • a particularly preferred use is a vehicle roof pane, which can be illuminated in 3 dimensions.
  • the vehicle can in principle be any land vehicle, watercraft or aircraft, and is preferably a passenger car, truck or rail vehicle.
  • the glazing element can also be used in buildings, for example the composite pane can be used as a window pane, glass facade or glass door in the outside or inside area, in particular as a window pane of a building or an interior.
  • the glazing element can also be used as a component of furniture, electrical devices, as a component of furnishings or as a furnishing.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a composite pane of the glazing element according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the glazing element from Fig.
  • Fig. 3 an enlarged section of an edge area of the glazing element in the cross-sectional view from Fig. 2 and
  • Fig. 4-5 further embodiments of the glazing element according to the invention in cross-sectional view.
  • Figures 1 to 3 each show different aspects of a first embodiment of the glazing element 101 according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the glazing element 101 shown in plan view from Figure 1.
  • the cutting line for the cross section is indicated in Figure 1 by a dashed line X-X'.
  • Figure 3 shows an enlarged section Z of an edge region of the glazing element 101.
  • the section Z is indicated in Figure 2 by a circular dashed line.
  • the composite pane 100 is designed, for example, as a roof pane of a vehicle, in particular a passenger car. For the sake of simplicity, it is shown flat, although such vehicle roof panes are typically curved.
  • the composite pane 100 is structurally formed from an outer pane 1, an inner pane 2, which also serves as an optical waveguide, and a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3, via which the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 are connected to one another.
  • the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 consist, for example, of soda-lime glass and each have a thickness of, for example, 2.1 mm.
  • a functional element 4 for example a PDLC functional element, is arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.
  • the functional element 4 is divided into a total of 4 segments 4'.
  • the intermediate layer 3 has a first thermoplastic intermediate film 3.1, which is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the functional element 4.
  • the intermediate layer 3 also has a second thermoplastic intermediate film 3.2, which is arranged between the inner pane 2 and the functional element 4.
  • the Functional element 4 extends over the entire surface of the composite pane 100 with the exception of an edge region of the composite pane 100 that runs around the functional element 4 in a frame-like manner.
  • a third thermoplastic intermediate film 3.3 is arranged, which represents a type of “picture frame” for the functional element 4.
  • the third thermoplastic intermediate film 3.3 has approximately the same thickness as the functional element 4, so that there are largely no local differences in thickness within the composite pane 100.
  • the third thermoplastic intermediate film 3.3 is arranged between the first thermoplastic intermediate film 3.1 and the second thermoplastic intermediate film 3.2.
  • the total thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 is, for example, 0.76 mm. In this case, the total thickness means the total visible thickness of all layer thicknesses of the thermoplastic intermediate films 3.1, 3.2, 3.3.
  • the inner pane 2 and the intermediate layer 3 are clear and transparent, the outer pane 1 is, for example, tinted in order to reduce the light transmission of the composite pane 100 (for example to less than 15%), as is usual with vehicle roof windows.
  • the outer pane 1 faces the outside environment of the vehicle in the installed position. It has an outside surface I which faces the outside environment and an inside surface II which faces the vehicle interior.
  • the inner pane 2, which also represents the optical fiber, faces the vehicle interior in the installed position. It has an outside surface III which faces the outside environment and an inside surface IV which faces the vehicle interior.
  • the inside surface II of the outer pane 1 and the outside surface III of the inner pane 2 are connected to one another via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.
  • the functional element 4 has an outside surface V which faces the outer pane 1 and an inside surface VI which faces the inner pane 2.
  • the composite pane 100 has a frame-shaped masking area in which a black masking print 15 is applied to the interior surface II of the outer pane 1, which prevents visibility through the composite pane 1.
  • the masking print 15 is produced, for example, by the chemical conversion of a decomposing layer and an IR-reflecting layer on the interior surface II of the outer pane 1.
  • the IR-reflecting layer (not shown here) is applied, for example, to the entire interior surface II of the outer pane 1 and then in a frame-shaped peripheral edge area of the Composite pane 100, which is intended to be the masking area, is treated by means of a decomposing layer. In the process, the masking print 15 is created in the edge area and the IR-reflecting properties are lost.
  • the IR-reflecting layer comprises, for example, three silver layers and the decomposing layer comprises, for example, particles based on zirconium oxide.
  • the glazing element 101 comprises a light source 5, which is arranged in a partial area B of the inner pane 2 on the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 2.
  • a coupling means 13 is arranged on the exterior-side surface III of the inner pane 2 in partial area B, which is arranged in overlap with the light source 5 when viewed through the composite pane 100, so that visible light 7 emitted by the light source 5 orthogonally to the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 2 strikes the coupling means 13.
  • the coupling means 13 is, for example, a reflective structure in the form of a silver-coated microprism film, which is applied to the inner pane 2 by means of an optically clear adhesive (not shown here).
  • the partial area B of the inner pane 2 is located in the peripheral edge area of the composite pane 100 and does not overlap with the functional element 4 when viewed through the composite pane 100.
  • the inner pane 2 is designed as a light-conducting medium in such a way that light can be coupled into the inner pane 2 and can spread within the inner pane 2 using the effect of total reflection (see dashed arrows in Figure 2).
  • the light 7 from the light source 5 first enters the inner pane 2 through the interior surface IV and then transmits through the inner pane 2.
  • the light 7 then exits the inner pane 2 via the exterior surface III and transmits through the optically clear adhesive which is arranged between the coupling means 13 and the inner pane 2.
  • the light 7 hits the coupling means 13 and is reflected back towards the inner pane 2 at a coupling angle by the reflective silver coating.
  • the reflection at a suitable coupling angle i.e.
  • the Composite pane 100 comprises a decoupling element 14 on the surface of the second thermoplastic intermediate film 3.2 facing the inner pane 2.
  • the decoupling element 14 is, for example, a print on the second thermoplastic intermediate film 3.2.
  • the decoupling element 14 is in direct spatial contact with the outer surface III of the inner pane 2.
  • the functional element 4 comprises, in this order, a first carrier film 10.1, a first surface electrode 11.1, an active layer 12, a second surface electrode 11.2 and a second carrier film 10.2.
  • the surface of the first carrier film 10.1 facing the outer pane 1 is also the exposed outside surface V of the functional element 4.
  • the surface of the second carrier film 10.2 facing the inner pane 2 is also the exposed inside surface VI of the functional element 4.
  • the “exposed surface” means the surface of the functional element 4 which is in direct contact with the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.
  • the carrier films 10.1, 10.2 are, for example, transparent films based on PET.
  • the surface electrodes 11.1, 11.2 are formed, for example, on the basis of a transparent conductive oxide, preferably indium tin oxide (ITO), and are applied by means of magnetron sputtering to the carrier foil 10.1, 10.2 adjacent to them.
  • the active layer 12 is, for example, the liquid crystal layer of a generic PDLC functional element.
  • the surface electrodes 11.1, 11.2 each extend over the entire surface of the carrier film 10.1, 10.2 on which they are applied.
  • the carrier films 10.1, 10.2 extend over the entire surface of the active layer 12 and additionally by a projection C beyond it.
  • the projection C of the carrier films 10.1, 10.2 is only present in a section of the circumferential edge surface K of the functional element 4.
  • the projection C of the first carrier film 10.1 is arranged on an opposite section, the circumferential edge surface K, to the projection of the second carrier film 10.2 (not shown here).
  • Collecting conductors can be applied to these projections C (not shown here), which supply the surface electrodes 11.1, 11.2 with voltage, whereby the optical states of the active layer 12 can be adjusted.
  • the busbars are connected to a voltage source, for example via flat conductors leading out of the composite disk 100 (not shown here).
  • Barrier layers 6, 6' are arranged around the edge surface K of the functional element 4, which in particular prevent moisture or plasticizer from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 from penetrating into the active layer 12.
  • a partially opaque barrier layer 6 is arranged on the peripheral edge region R of the functional element 4.
  • the barrier layer 6 is arranged in the edge region R on the second carrier film 10.2.
  • the barrier layer 6 is also arranged in regions on the projection C of the second carrier film 10.2, which is also encompassed by the peripheral edge region R of the functional element 4.
  • the barrier layer 6 also extends over the entire partial region B of the inner pane 2.
  • the barrier layer 6 is preferably completely opaque. Opaque in this case means a light transmittance of less than 5%.
  • the opaque region 8 of the barrier layer 6 extends over the entire partial region B of the inner pane 2.
  • the barrier layer 6 has, for example, a constant layer thickness of 0.15 mm and is formed on the basis of PET.
  • the barrier layer 6 is arranged at the interface between the functional element 4, or third thermoplastic intermediate film 3.3, and the second thermoplastic intermediate film 3.2 and largely prevents plasticizers from the second thermoplastic intermediate film 3.2 in the section of the edge region R of the functional element 4 from penetrating into the functional element 4, or the active layer 12.
  • the further barrier layers 6' are arranged in other sections of the peripheral edge region R of the functional element 4, with further barrier layers 6' being arranged on both the first carrier film 10.1 and the second carrier film 10.2.
  • further barrier layers 6' are also arranged on the entire peripheral edge surface K of the functional element 4.
  • the "peripheral edge surface K of the functional element 4" essentially means the peripheral edge surface of the active layer 12 and the edge surfaces of the carrier films 10.1, 10.2 and surface electrodes 11.1, 11.2, whereby only the active layer 12 or the active layer 12 and partially the edge surfaces of the carrier films 10.1, 10.2 and surface electrodes 11.1, 11.2 can be covered by the further barrier layers 6'.
  • the opaque area 8 of the barrier layer 6 in the partial area B of the inner pane 2 can effectively prevent light losses 7 of the light source 5 from radiating through the outer pane 1 into the external environment. Instead, they are absorbed by the opaque area 8 of the barrier layer 6.
  • the barrier layer 6 also largely prevents the diffusion of plasticizers or moisture through it and thus increases the long-term stability of the functional element 4.
  • the fact that the barrier layer 6 can be used for two technical problems simultaneously means that material and thus costs can be saved.
  • the light 7 of the light source 5 can be not completely block. Or atypical layer thicknesses would be required for the cover print 15, which would lead to an undesirable reduction in the quality of the composite pane 100.
  • Light source 5 is designed, for example, as a strip-shaped LED or from several strip-shaped LEDs.
  • the light source 5 has, for example, a luminous intensity of 280 lm/m.
  • a collimator can optionally be arranged between the light source 5 and the inner pane 2 (not shown here). The collimator acts as a type of converging lens and reduces the beam cone of the light source 5; ideally, it leads to a parallel beam path of the emitted light 7 of the light source 5.
  • the light source 5 is arranged in a recess in the inner pane 2.
  • the light source 5 is arranged in the recess in such a way that the light 7 is coupled directly into the inner pane 2 via a circumferential edge surface arranged in the recess.
  • the recess is, for example, a hole in the inner pane 2.
  • the recess in the inner pane 2 is, in the sense of the invention, part of the inner pane 2, so that the light source 5 is arranged in the sense of the invention in the partial area B of the inner pane 2.
  • the composite pane 100 does not comprise a coupling means 13 here, since the light 7 is coupled directly into the recess via the edge surface.
  • due to absorption in the opaque region 8 of the barrier layer 6, these do not reach the external environment via the outer pane 1.
  • the inner pane 2 is not the optical waveguide, instead the composite pane 100 comprises an optical waveguide 9, for example in the form of a transparent PET film, which is arranged between the functional element 4 and the inner pane 2 and within the second thermoplastic intermediate film 3.2.
  • the coupling means 13 is introduced into the optical waveguide 9, for example by means of partially roughening the surface of the optical waveguide 9 facing the outer pane 1.
  • the coupling-out element 14 is applied, for example, as a print on the surface of the optical waveguide 9 facing the inner pane 2. list of reference symbols

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de vitrage (101) qui peut être éclairé et qui présente des propriétés optiques qui peuvent être commandées, comprenant une vitre stratifiée (100) comprenant une vitre extérieure (1), une vitre intérieure (2) et une couche intermédiaire thermoplastique (3) située entre celles-ci, un élément fonctionnel (4) situé à l'intérieur de la couche intermédiaire thermoplastique (3) et ayant des propriétés optiques qui peuvent être commandées, une couche barrière (6) prévue pour réduire la diffusion de plastifiant et ayant au moins une région opaque (8), et une source de lumière (5) pour coupler la lumière visible (7) dans la vitre stratifiée (100), la source de lumière (5) étant située dans une partie (B) de la vitre intérieure (2) qui ne chevauche pas, au moins partiellement, l'élément fonctionnel (4), et la région opaque (8) de la couche barrière (6) s'étendant au moins sur la partie (B) et étant en contact spatial direct avec l'élément fonctionnel (4) au moins dans une région de bord (R1) de l'élément fonctionnel (4).
PCT/EP2024/070795 2023-08-17 2024-07-23 Élément de vitrage qui peut être éclairé et dont les propriétés optiques peuvent être commandées Pending WO2025036660A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23192013.3 2023-08-17
EP23192013 2023-08-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025036660A1 true WO2025036660A1 (fr) 2025-02-20

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Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10043141A1 (de) 2000-08-31 2002-03-21 Webasto Vehicle Sys Int Gmbh Fahrzeugscheiben-System mit veränderbarer Lichtdurchlässigkeit
EP0876608B1 (fr) 1995-11-27 2002-04-17 Fuhr, Günter Procede et dispositif de production de phenomenes de resonance dans des suspensions de particules
WO2008047442A1 (fr) 2006-10-20 2008-04-24 Miraial Co., Ltd. Dispositif source de lumière de surface
DE102008026339A1 (de) 2008-05-31 2009-12-03 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisch schaltbares Sichtschutzfenster
WO2011033313A1 (fr) 2009-09-18 2011-03-24 Pilkington Group Limited Vitrage feuilleté
JP2011086547A (ja) 2009-10-16 2011-04-28 Mitsui Chemicals Inc 配光システム
WO2014060409A1 (fr) 2012-10-17 2014-04-24 Webasto SE Vitrage de véhicule
WO2014167291A1 (fr) 2013-04-12 2014-10-16 Pilkington Group Limited Vitrage
JP2015043321A (ja) 2013-08-26 2015-03-05 アドヴァンスト オプトエレクトロニック テクノロジー インコーポレイテッドＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄ Ｏｐｔｏｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ Ｉｎｃ． 発光ダイオード光源モジュール
WO2018188844A1 (fr) 2017-04-12 2018-10-18 Saint-Gobain Glass France Disque composite à élément de fonction dont les propriétés optiques peuvent être commandées électriquement
EP3456913A1 (fr) 2017-09-19 2019-03-20 Ford Global Technologies, LLC Dispositif de protection solaire bionique
WO2019077014A1 (fr) 2017-10-20 2019-04-25 Saint-Gobain Glass France Élément fonctionnel à propriétés optiques commandables électriquement
US20200241189A1 (en) 2019-01-29 2020-07-30 Schott Ag Linear lighting device
WO2023144007A1 (fr) * 2022-01-31 2023-08-03 Saint-Gobain Glass France Feuille de verre composite dotée de source lumineuse

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0876608B1 (fr) 1995-11-27 2002-04-17 Fuhr, Günter Procede et dispositif de production de phenomenes de resonance dans des suspensions de particules
DE10043141A1 (de) 2000-08-31 2002-03-21 Webasto Vehicle Sys Int Gmbh Fahrzeugscheiben-System mit veränderbarer Lichtdurchlässigkeit
WO2008047442A1 (fr) 2006-10-20 2008-04-24 Miraial Co., Ltd. Dispositif source de lumière de surface
DE102008026339A1 (de) 2008-05-31 2009-12-03 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisch schaltbares Sichtschutzfenster
WO2011033313A1 (fr) 2009-09-18 2011-03-24 Pilkington Group Limited Vitrage feuilleté
JP2011086547A (ja) 2009-10-16 2011-04-28 Mitsui Chemicals Inc 配光システム
WO2014060409A1 (fr) 2012-10-17 2014-04-24 Webasto SE Vitrage de véhicule
WO2014167291A1 (fr) 2013-04-12 2014-10-16 Pilkington Group Limited Vitrage
JP2015043321A (ja) 2013-08-26 2015-03-05 アドヴァンスト オプトエレクトロニック テクノロジー インコーポレイテッドＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄ Ｏｐｔｏｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ Ｉｎｃ． 発光ダイオード光源モジュール
WO2018188844A1 (fr) 2017-04-12 2018-10-18 Saint-Gobain Glass France Disque composite à élément de fonction dont les propriétés optiques peuvent être commandées électriquement
EP3456913A1 (fr) 2017-09-19 2019-03-20 Ford Global Technologies, LLC Dispositif de protection solaire bionique
WO2019077014A1 (fr) 2017-10-20 2019-04-25 Saint-Gobain Glass France Élément fonctionnel à propriétés optiques commandables électriquement
US20200241189A1 (en) 2019-01-29 2020-07-30 Schott Ag Linear lighting device
WO2023144007A1 (fr) * 2022-01-31 2023-08-03 Saint-Gobain Glass France Feuille de verre composite dotée de source lumineuse

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