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WO2025033768A1 - Procédé d'application de msd et appareil correspondant - Google Patents

Procédé d'application de msd et appareil correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025033768A1
WO2025033768A1 PCT/KR2024/010668 KR2024010668W WO2025033768A1 WO 2025033768 A1 WO2025033768 A1 WO 2025033768A1 KR 2024010668 W KR2024010668 W KR 2024010668W WO 2025033768 A1 WO2025033768 A1 WO 2025033768A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mhz
band
msd
communication
power class
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PCT/KR2024/010668
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English (en)
Inventor
Yunsik NA
Yoonoh Yang
Sangwook Lee
Joongkwan Huh
Jinyup HWANG
Junggeun CHI
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LG Electronics Inc
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LG Electronics Inc
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Publication of WO2025033768A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025033768A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H04L5/005—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver of common pilots, i.e. pilots destined for multiple users or terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/005—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to mobile communication.
  • 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a technology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim to reduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand and improve coverage and system capacity.
  • the 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of a frequency band, a simple structure, an open interface, and adequate power consumption of a terminal as an upper-level requirement.
  • ITU International Telecommunication Union
  • 3GPP has to identify and develop the technology components needed for successfully standardizing the new RAT timely satisfying both the urgent market needs, and the more long-term requirements set forth by the ITU Radio communication sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process.
  • ITU-R ITU Radio communication sector
  • IMT International Mobile Telecommunications
  • the NR should be able to use any spectrum band ranging at least up to 100 GHz that may be made available for wireless communications even in a more distant future.
  • the NR targets a single technical framework addressing all usage scenarios, requirements and deployment scenarios including enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC), etc.
  • eMBB enhanced Mobile BroadBand
  • mMTC massive Machine Type Communications
  • URLLC Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications
  • the NR shall be inherently forward compatible.
  • a mobile device should be configured to satisfy a reference sensitivity power level (REFSENS) which is the minimum average power for each antenna port of the mobile device when receiving the downlink signal.
  • REFSENS reference sensitivity power level
  • the UE can perform communication based on the proposed MSD.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.
  • FIG.6 illustrates a concept view of an example of intra-band contiguous CA.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a concept view of an example of intra-band non-contiguous CA.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a concept view of an example of a combination of a lower frequency band and a higher frequency band for inter-band CA.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a concept view of an example of a combination of similar frequency bands for inter-band CA.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of UE architecture for CA_n8-n79 according to a disclosure of the present specification.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of the harmonic mixing.
  • FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing an example of a procedure of a UE according to the present disclosure.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • MC-FDMA Multi Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • CDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000.
  • TDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).
  • OFDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA).
  • UTRA is a part of a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).
  • 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA.
  • 3GPP LTE employs OFDMA in downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA in uplink (UL).
  • Evolution of 3GPP LTE includes LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-A Pro, and/or 5G New Radio (NR).
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • implementations of the present disclosure are mainly described in regards to a 3GPP based wireless communication system.
  • the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP based wireless communication system, aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to 3GPP based wireless communication system are applicable to other mobile communication systems.
  • a or B may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.
  • a or B in the present disclosure may be interpreted as “A and/or B”.
  • A, B or C in the present disclosure may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or "any combination of A, B and C”.
  • slash (/) or comma (,) may mean “and/or”.
  • A/B may mean “A and/or B”.
  • A/B may mean "only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.
  • A, B, C may mean "A, B or C”.
  • At least one of A and B may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”.
  • the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” in the present disclosure may be interpreted as same as “at least one of A and B”.
  • At least one of A, B and C may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B and C”.
  • at least one of A, B or C or “at least one of A, B and/or C” may mean “at least one of A, B and C”.
  • parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean “for example”.
  • control information PDCCH
  • PDCCH control information
  • PDCCH control information
  • PDCCH control information
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.
  • the 5G usage scenarios shown in FIG. 1 are only exemplary, and the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to other 5G usage scenarios which are not shown in FIG. 1.
  • Three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) a category of enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), (2) a category of massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), and (3) a category of Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC).
  • eMBB enhanced Mobile BroadBand
  • mMTC massive Machine Type Communication
  • URLLC Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications
  • the communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, Base Stations (BSs) 200, and a network 300.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of the network of the communication system 1, the implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system, and can be applied to the future communication system beyond the 5G system.
  • the BSs 200 and the network 300 may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device may operate as a BS/network node with respect to other wireless devices.
  • the wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices performing communication using Radio Access Technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G NR or LTE) and may be referred to as communication/radio/5G devices.
  • RAT Radio Access Technology
  • the wireless devices 100a to 100f may include, without being limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an eXtended Reality (XR) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device 100f, and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) device/server 400.
  • the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles.
  • the vehicles may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone).
  • UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
  • the XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR)/Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc.
  • the hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook).
  • the home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine.
  • the IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter.
  • the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be called User Equipments (UEs).
  • a UE may include, for example, a cellular phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a Portable Multimedia Player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate Personal Computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle having an autonomous traveling function, a connected car, an UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather/environment device, a device related to a 5G service, or a device related to a fourth industrial revolution field.
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • PMP Portable Multimedia Player
  • PC slate Personal Computer
  • tablet PC a tablet PC
  • ultrabook a vehicle, a vehicle having
  • the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BSs 200.
  • An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300.
  • the network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a beyond-5G network.
  • the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the BSs 200/network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs 200/network 300.
  • the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)/Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication).
  • the IoT device e.g., a sensor
  • the IoT device may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.
  • Wireless communication/connections 150a, 150b and 150c may be established between the wireless devices 100a to 100f and/or between wireless device 100a to 100f and BS 200 and/or between BSs 200.
  • the wireless communication/connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication (or Device-to-Device (D2D) communication) 150b, inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB)), etc.
  • the wireless devices 100a to 100f and the BSs 200/the wireless devices 100a to 100f may transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other through the wireless communication/connections 150a, 150b and 150c.
  • the wireless communication/connections 150a, 150b and 150c may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels.
  • various configuration information configuring processes e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/de-mapping
  • resource allocating processes for transmitting/receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.
  • NR supports multiples numerologies (and/or multiple Sub-Carrier Spacings (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, if SCS is 15 kHz, wide area can be supported in traditional cellular bands, and if SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth can be supported. If SCS is 60 kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.
  • numerologies and/or multiple Sub-Carrier Spacings (SCS)
  • the NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency range, i.e., Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2).
  • the numerical value of the frequency range may be changed.
  • the frequency ranges of the two types may be as shown in Table 1 below.
  • FR1 may mean "sub 6 GHz range”
  • FR2 may mean "above 6 GHz range”
  • mmW millimeter Wave
  • FR1 may include a frequency band of 410MHz to 7125MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more included in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. Unlicensed bands may be used for a variety of purposes, for example for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).
  • the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT) technology for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR and 6G.
  • NB-IoT technology may be an example of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology, may be implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names.
  • LPWAN Low Power Wide Area Network
  • the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology.
  • LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and be called by various names such as enhanced MTC (eMTC).
  • eMTC enhanced MTC
  • LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of the various specifications, such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names.
  • the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and/or LPWAN which take into account low-power communication, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names.
  • ZigBee technology may generate Personal Area Networks (PANs) associated with small/low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4 and may be called various names.
  • PANs Personal Area Networks
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.
  • the first wireless device 100 and/or the second wireless device 200 may be implemented in various forms according to use cases/services.
  • ⁇ the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 ⁇ may correspond to at least one of ⁇ the wireless device 100a to 100f and the BS 200 ⁇ , ⁇ the wireless device 100a to 100f and the wireless device 100a to 100f ⁇ and/or ⁇ the BS 200 and the BS 200 ⁇ of FIG. 1.
  • the first wireless device 100 and/or the second wireless device 200 may be configured by various elements, devices/parts, and/or modules.
  • the first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 106, at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 101, and/or one or more antennas 108.
  • a transceiver such as a transceiver 106
  • a processing chip such as a processing chip 101
  • antennas 108 one or more antennas 108.
  • the processing chip 101 may include at least one processor, such a processor 102, and at least one memory, such as a memory 104. Additional and/or alternatively, the memory 104 may be placed outside of the processing chip 101.
  • the processor 102 may control the memory 104 and/or the transceiver 106 and may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 102 may process information within the memory 104 to generate first information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information/signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive radio signals including second information/signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the second information/signals in the memory 104.
  • the memory 104 may be operably connectable to the processor 102.
  • the memory 104 may store various types of information and/or instructions.
  • the memory 104 may store a firmware and/or a software code 105 which implements codes, commands, and/or a set of commands that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • the firmware and/or the software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • the firmware and/or the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to perform one or more protocols.
  • the firmware and/or the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.
  • the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR).
  • the transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108.
  • Each of the transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
  • the transceiver 106 may be interchangeably used with Radio Frequency (RF) unit(s).
  • the first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.
  • the second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 206, at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 201, and/or one or more antennas 208.
  • the processing chip 201 may include at least one processor, such a processor 202, and at least one memory, such as a memory 204. Additional and/or alternatively, the memory 204 may be placed outside of the processing chip 201.
  • the processor 202 may control the memory 204 and/or the transceiver 206 and may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 202 may process information within the memory 204 to generate third information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information/signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive radio signals including fourth information/signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information/signals in the memory 204.
  • the memory 204 may be operably connectable to the processor 202.
  • the memory 204 may store various types of information and/or instructions.
  • the memory 204 may store a firmware and/or a software code 205 which implements codes, commands, and/or a set of commands that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • the firmware and/or the software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • the firmware and/or the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to perform one or more protocols.
  • the firmware and/or the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.
  • the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR).
  • the transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208.
  • Each of the transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
  • the transceiver 206 may be interchangeably used with RF unit.
  • the second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.
  • One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and 202.
  • the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as Physical (PHY) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer).
  • layers e.g., functional layers such as Physical (PHY) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer).
  • PHY Physical
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • SDAP Service Data Adaptation Protocol
  • the one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs), one or more Service Data Unit (SDUs), messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • the one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206.
  • signals e.g., baseband signals
  • the one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • signals e.g., baseband signals
  • the one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers.
  • the one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • DSPs Digital Signal Processors
  • DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
  • PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
  • FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • the one or more processors 102 and 202 may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an Application Processor (AP), an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU), and a memory control processor.
  • AP Application Processor
  • ECU Electronic Control Unit
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • GPU Graphic Processing Unit
  • memory control processor a memory control processor
  • the one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands.
  • the one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by Random Access Memory (RAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard drive, register, cash memory, computer-readable storage medium, and/or combinations thereof.
  • the one or more memories 104 and 204 may be located at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors 102 and 202.
  • the one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection.
  • the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, to one or more other devices.
  • the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, from one or more other devices.
  • the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals.
  • the one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices.
  • the one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices.
  • the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more antennas 108 and 208. Additionally and/or alternatively, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include one or more antennas 108 and 208. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be adapted to transmit and receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, the one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).
  • the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc., from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc., using the one or more processors 102 and 202.
  • the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc., processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the base band signals into the RF band signals.
  • the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.
  • the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can up-convert OFDM baseband signals to OFDM signals by their (analog) oscillators and/or filters under the control of the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at the carrier frequency.
  • the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive OFDM signals at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signals into OFDM baseband signals by their (analog) oscillators and/or filters under the control of the one or more processors 102 and 202.
  • the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include additional components.
  • the additional components 140 may be variously configured according to types of the wireless devices 100 and 200.
  • the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an Input/Output (I/O) device (e.g., audio I/O port, video I/O port), a driving device, and a computing device.
  • the additional components 140 may be coupled to the one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies, such as a wired or wireless connection.
  • a UE may operate as a transmitting device in Uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in Downlink (DL).
  • a BS may operate as a receiving device in UL and as a transmitting device in DL.
  • the first wireless device 100 acts as the UE
  • the second wireless device 200 acts as the BS.
  • the processor(s) 102 connected to, mounted on or launched in the first wireless device 100 may be adapted to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 106 to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
  • the processor(s) 202 connected to, mounted on or launched in the second wireless device 200 may be adapted to perform the BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 206 to perform the BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
  • a BS is also referred to as a node B (NB), an eNode B (eNB), or a gNB.
  • NB node B
  • eNB eNode B
  • gNB gNode B
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.
  • a UE 100 may correspond to the first wireless device 100 of FIG. 2.
  • a UE 100 includes a processor 102, a memory 104, a transceiver 106, one or more antennas 108, a power management module 141, a battery 142, a display 143, a keypad 144, a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card 145, a speaker 146, and a microphone 147.
  • SIM Subscriber Identification Module
  • the processor 102 may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • the processor 102 may be adapted to control one or more other components of the UE 100 to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • Layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 102.
  • the processor 102 may include ASIC, other chipset, logic circuit and/or data processing device.
  • the processor 102 may be an application processor.
  • the processor 102 may include at least one of DSP, CPU, GPU, a modem (modulator and demodulator).
  • processor 102 may be found in SNAPDRAGON TM series of processors made by Qualcomm ® , EXYNOS TM series of processors made by Samsung ® , A series of processors made by Apple ® , HELIO TM series of processors made by MediaTek ® , ATOM TM series of processors made by Intel ® or a corresponding next generation processor.
  • the memory 104 is operatively coupled with the processor 102 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 102.
  • the memory 104 may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory card, storage medium and/or other storage device.
  • modules e.g., procedures, functions, etc.
  • the modules can be stored in the memory 104 and executed by the processor 102.
  • the memory 104 can be implemented within the processor 102 or external to the processor 102 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 102 via various means as is known in the art.
  • the transceiver 106 is operatively coupled with the processor 102, and transmits and/or receives a radio signal.
  • the transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and a receiver.
  • the transceiver 106 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals.
  • the transceiver 106 controls the one or more antennas 108 to transmit and/or receive a radio signal.
  • the power management module 141 manages power for the processor 102 and/or the transceiver 106.
  • the battery 142 supplies power to the power management module 141.
  • the display 143 outputs results processed by the processor 102.
  • the keypad 144 receives inputs to be used by the processor 102.
  • the keypad 144 may be shown on the display 143.
  • the SIM card 145 is an integrated circuit that is intended to securely store the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number and its related key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on mobile telephony devices (such as mobile phones and computers). It is also possible to store contact information on many SIM cards.
  • IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
  • the speaker 146 outputs sound-related results processed by the processor 102.
  • the microphone 147 receives sound-related inputs to be used by the processor 102.
  • a 6G (wireless communication) system has purposes such as (i) very high data rate per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) decrease in energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capacity.
  • the vision of the 6G system may include four aspects such as “intelligent connectivity”, “deep connectivity”, “holographic connectivity” and “ubiquitous connectivity”, and the 6G system may satisfy the requirements shown in Table 3 below. That is, Table 3 shows the requirements of the 6G system.
  • the 6G system may have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (mMTC), AI integrated communication, tactile Internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion and enhanced data security.
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • URLLC ultra-reliable low latency communications
  • mMTC massive machine type communications
  • AI integrated communication tactile Internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion and enhanced data security.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.
  • the 6G system will have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than a 5G wireless communication system.
  • URLLC which is the key feature of 5G, will become more important technology by providing end-to-end latency less than 1 ms in 6G communication.
  • the 6G system may have much better volumetric spectrum efficiency unlike frequently used domain spectrum efficiency.
  • the 6G system may provide advanced battery technology for energy harvesting and very long battery life and thus mobile devices may not need to be separately charged in the 6G system.
  • new network characteristics may be as follows.
  • 6G Satellites integrated network: To provide a global mobile group, 6G will be integrated with satellite. Integrating terrestrial waves, satellites and public networks as one wireless communication system may be very important for 6G.
  • 6G is innovative and wireless evolution may be updated from "connected things" to "connected intelligence”. AI may be applied in each step (or each signal processing procedure which will be described below) of a communication procedure.
  • a 6G wireless network may transfer power in order to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.
  • WIET wireless information and energy transfer
  • Small cell networks The idea of a small cell network was introduced in order to improve received signal quality as a result of throughput, energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency improvement in a cellular system. As a result, the small cell network is an essential feature for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB) communication systems. Accordingly, the 6G communication system also employs the characteristics of the small cell network.
  • Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important characteristic of the 6G communication system.
  • a multi-tier network composed of heterogeneous networks improves overall QoS and reduce costs.
  • Backhaul connection is characterized by a high-capacity backhaul network in order to support high-capacity traffic.
  • a high-speed optical fiber and free space optical (FSO) system may be a possible solution for this problem.
  • High-precision localization (or location-based service) through communication is one of the functions of the 6G wireless communication system. Accordingly, the radar system will be integrated with the 6G network.
  • Softwarization and virtualization are two important functions which are the bases of a design process in a 5GB network in order to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability.
  • AI was not involved in the 4G system.
  • a 5G system will support partial or very limited AI.
  • the 6G system will support AI for full automation.
  • Advance in machine learning will create a more intelligent network for real-time communication in 6G.
  • AI may determine a method of performing complicated target tasks using countless analysis. That is, AI may increase efficiency and reduce processing delay.
  • AI may play an important role even in M2M, machine-to-human and human-to-machine communication.
  • AI may be rapid communication in a brain computer interface (BCI).
  • An AI based communication system may be supported by meta materials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent recognition radios, self-maintaining wireless networks and machine learning.
  • AI-based physical layer transmission means applying a signal processing and communication mechanism based on an AI driver rather than a traditional communication framework in a fundamental signal processing and communication mechanism. For example, channel coding and decoding based on deep learning, signal estimation and detection based on deep learning, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanisms based on deep learning, resource scheduling and allocation based on AI, etc. may be included.
  • MIMO multiple input multiple output
  • Machine learning may be used for channel estimation and channel tracking and may be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, etc. in the physical layer of DL. In addition, machine learning may be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, etc. in the MIMO system.
  • Machine learning refers to a series of operations to train a machine in order to create a machine which can perform tasks which cannot be performed or are difficult to be performed by people.
  • Machine learning requires data and learning models.
  • data learning methods may be roughly divided into three methods, that is, supervised learning, unsupervised learning and reinforcement learning.
  • Neural network learning is to minimize output error.
  • Neural network learning refers to a process of repeatedly inputting training data to a neural network, calculating the error of the output and target of the neural network for the training data, backpropagating the error of the neural network from the output layer of the neural network to an input layer in order to reduce the error and updating the weight of each node of the neural network.
  • Supervised learning may use training data labeled with a correct answer and the unsupervised learning may use training data which is not labeled with a correct answer. That is, for example, in case of supervised learning for data classification, training data may be labeled with a category.
  • the labeled training data may be input to the neural network, and the output (category) of the neural network may be compared with the label of the training data, thereby calculating the error.
  • the calculated error is backpropagated from the neural network backward (that is, from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weight of each node of each layer of the neural network may be updated according to backpropagation. Change in updated connection weight of each node may be determined according to the learning rate.
  • Calculation of the neural network for input data and backpropagation of the error may configure a learning cycle (epoch).
  • the learning data is differently applicable according to the number of repetitions of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, in the early phase of learning of the neural network, a high learning rate may be used to increase efficiency such that the neural network rapidly ensures a certain level of performance and, in the late phase of learning, a low learning rate may be used to increase accuracy.
  • the learning method may vary according to the feature of data. For example, for the purpose of accurately predicting data transmitted from a transmitter in a receiver in a communication system, learning may be performed using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.
  • the learning model corresponds to the human brain and may be regarded as the most basic linear model.
  • a paradigm of machine learning using a neural network structure having high complexity, such as artificial neural networks, as a learning model is referred to as deep learning.
  • Neural network cores used as a learning method may roughly include a deep neural network (DNN) method, a convolutional deep neural network (CNN) method, a recurrent Boltzmman machine (RNN) method and a spiking neural networks (SNN). Such a learning model is applicable.
  • DNN deep neural network
  • CNN convolutional deep neural network
  • RNN recurrent Boltzmman machine
  • SNN spiking neural networks
  • a data rate may increase by increasing bandwidth. This may be performed by using sub-TH communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology.
  • THz waves which are known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally indicates a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with a corresponding wavelength in a range of 0.03 mm to 3 mm.
  • a band range of 100 GHz to 300 GHz (sub THz band) is regarded as a main part of the THz band for cellular communication.
  • the 6G cellular communication capacity increases.
  • 300 GHz to 3 THz of the defined THz band is in a far infrared (IR) frequency band.
  • IR far infrared
  • a band of 300 GHz to 3 THz is a part of an optical band but is at the border of the optical band and is just behind an RF band. Accordingly, the band of 300 GHz to 3 THz has similarity with RF.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.
  • the main characteristics of THz communication include (i) bandwidth widely available to support a very high data rate and (ii) high path loss occurring at a high frequency (a high directional antenna is indispensable).
  • a narrow beam width generated in the high directional antenna reduces interference.
  • the small wavelength of a THz signal allows a larger number of antenna elements to be integrated with a device and BS operating in this band. Therefore, an advanced adaptive arrangement technology capable of overcoming a range limitation may be used.
  • MIMO technology One of core technologies for improving spectrum efficiency is MIMO technology.
  • MIMO technology When MIMO technology is improved, spectrum efficiency is also improved. Accordingly, massive MIMO technology will be important in the 6G system. Since MIMO technology uses multiple paths, multiplexing technology and beam generation and management technology suitable for the THz band should be significantly considered such that data signals are transmitted through one or more paths.
  • Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit radio signals in a specific direction. This is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology has several advantages, such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and rejection, and high network efficiency.
  • Hologram Beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because this uses a software-defined antenna. HBF will be a very effective approach for efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.
  • Optical wireless communication is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared light (IR), or ultraviolet light (UV) to transmit signals.
  • OWC that operates in the visible light band (e.g., 390 to 750 nm) is commonly referred to as visible light communication (VLC).
  • VLC visible light communication
  • VLC implementations may utilize light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • LEDs light-emitting diodes
  • VLC has the following advantages over RF-based technologies.
  • Fourth, VLC can use any light source as a base station, eliminating the need for expensive base stations.
  • Free-space optical communication is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space, such as air, outer space, and vacuum, to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or computer networking.
  • FSO can be used as a point-to-point OWC system on the ground.
  • FSOs can operate in the near-infrared frequencies (750-1600 nm).
  • Laser transmitters can be used in FSO implementations, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10 Gbit/s), offering a potential solution to backhaul bottlenecks.
  • OWC technologies are planned for 6G communications, in addition to RF-based communications for any possible device-to-access network. These networks will access network-to-backhaul/fronthaul network connections.
  • OWC technology has already been in use since 4G communication systems, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of 6G communication systems.
  • OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and FSO communication based on optical bands are already well-known technologies. Communication based on optical wireless technology can provide very high data rates, low latency, and secure communication.
  • LiDAR Light Detection And Ranging
  • LiDAR is a remote sensing method that uses near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light to shine a light on an object, and the reflected light is detected by a light sensor to measure distance. LiDAR can be used for fully automated driving of cars.
  • FSO may be a good technology for providing backhaul connection in the 6G system along with the optical fiber network.
  • FSO supports mass backhaul connections for remote and non-remote areas such as sea, space, underwater and isolated islands.
  • FSO also supports cellular base station connections.
  • NTN Non-Terrestrial Networks
  • NTN Non-Terrestrial Networks
  • - GEO satellites are fed by one or multiple sat-gateways deployed across the satellite target coverage (e.g., regional or continental coverage).
  • sat-gateways deployed across the satellite target coverage (e.g., regional or continental coverage).
  • Non-GEO satellites that are continuously served by one or multiple satellite gateways at a time.
  • the system ensures service and feeder link continuity between successively serviced satellite gateways with a time duration sufficient to allow mobility anchoring and handover to proceed.
  • Satellite capable of implementing transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads.
  • Satellite (or UAS platform) generated beam A satellite (or UAS platform) generates multiple beams for a given service area, typically based on its field of view. The footprint of a beam is typically elliptical. The field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) depends on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum angle of attack.
  • Radio frequency filtering Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation/decryption, switching and/or routing, and coding/modulation. This is effectively the same as carrying all or part of the base station functions (e.g., gNB) on board a satellite (or UAS platform).
  • gNB base station functions
  • ISL inter-satellite link
  • the user equipment is serviced by the satellite (or UAS platform) within the targeted coverage area.
  • GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional, or local services.
  • constellations in LEO and MEO are used to provide service in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
  • constellations can also provide global coverage, including polar regions. The latter requires proper orbital inclination, sufficient beams generated, and links between satellites.
  • Quantum communication is a next-generation communication technology that can overcome the limitations of conventional communication, such as security and ultra-fast computation, by applying quantum mechanical properties to the field of communication.
  • Quantum communication provides a means of generating, transmitting, processing, and storing information that cannot be expressed in the form of 0s and 1s according to binary bit information used in conventional communication technologies, or is difficult to express.
  • wavelengths or amplitudes are used to transmit information between the sender and receiver, but in quantum communication, photons, the smallest unit of light, are used to transmit information between the sender and receiver.
  • quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be used for the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), so quantum communication has the characteristic of being able to communicate with perfect security.
  • Quantum communication may also enable ultrafast communication using quantum entanglement under certain conditions.
  • Cell-free communication is defined as "a system in which multiple geographically distributed antennas (APs) cooperatively serve a small number of terminals using the same time/frequency resources with the help of a fronthaul network and a CPU.”
  • a single terminal is served by a set of multiple APs, called an AP cluster.
  • There are several ways to form AP clusters among which the method of organizing AP clusters with APs that can significantly contribute to improving the reception performance of a terminal is called the terminal-centric clustering method, and the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves.
  • This device-centric AP clustering technique ensures that the device is always at the center of the AP cluster and is therefore immune to inter-cluster interference that can occur when a device is located at the boundary of an AP cluster.
  • This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies and different heterogeneous radios in the device.
  • WIET Wireless Information and Energy Transfer
  • WIET uses the same field and wave as a wireless communication system.
  • a sensor and a smartphone will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication.
  • WIET is a promising technology for extending the life of battery charging wireless systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communication.
  • An autonomous wireless network is a function for continuously detecting a dynamically changing environment state and exchanging information between different nodes.
  • sensing will be tightly integrated with communication to support autonomous systems.
  • each access network is connected by optical fiber and backhaul connection such as FSO network.
  • FSO network optical fiber and backhaul connection
  • Big data analysis is a complex process for analyzing various large data sets or big data. This process finds information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer disposition to ensure complete data management. Big data is collected from various sources such as video, social networks, images and sensors. This technology is widely used for processing massive data in the 6G system.
  • SRE Smart Radio Environment
  • IRE Intelligent Radio Environment
  • Various terms have been proposed for reconfigurable intelligent antenna (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna technology) technologies to enable SRE, including Reconfigurable Metasurfaces, Smart Large Intelligent Surfaces (SLIS), Large Intelligent Surfaces (LIS), Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), and Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS).
  • RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials that can alter the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves.
  • RIS can be seen as an extension of massive MIMO, it has a different array structure and operating mechanism than massive MIMO.
  • RIS has the advantage of low power consumption because it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, i.e., it only passively reflects signals without using active RF chains.
  • each of the passive reflectors in the RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incoming signal, which can be advantageous for the wireless communication channel.
  • the reflected signals can be gathered at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.
  • Metaverse is a combination of the words “meta” meaning virtual, transcendent, and “universe” meaning space. Generally speaking, the term is used to describe a three-dimensional virtual space in which social and economic activities are the same as in the real world.
  • Extended Reality a key technology that enables the metaverse, is the fusion of the virtual and the real, which can extend the experience of reality and provide a unique immersive experience.
  • the high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks will enable users to experience more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) experiences.
  • V2X Vehicle-to-Everything
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
  • V2I vehicle-to-infrastructure
  • UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
  • UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
  • a base station entity is installed in the UAV to provide cellular connectivity.
  • UAVs have certain features, which are not found in fixed base station infrastructures, such as easy deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and mobility-controlled degrees of freedom.
  • the UAV can easily handle this situation.
  • the UAV will be a new paradigm in the field of wireless communications. This technology facilitates the three basic requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC and mMTC.
  • the UAV can also serve a number of purposes, such as network connectivity improvement, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.
  • a blockchain will be important technology for managing large amounts of data in future communication systems.
  • the blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, and distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node duplicates and stores the same copy of the ledger.
  • the blockchain is managed through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. This may exist without being managed by a centralized institution or server.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • Blockchain data is collected together and organized into blocks. The blocks are connected to each other and protected using encryption.
  • the blockchain completely complements large-scale IoT through improved interoperability, security, privacy, stability and scalability. Accordingly, the blockchain technology provides several functions such as interoperability between devices, high-capacity data traceability, autonomous interaction of different IoT systems, and large-scale connection stability of 6G communication systems.
  • the LTE/LTE-A based cell operates in an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) operating band.
  • E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
  • the NR-based cell operates in a NR band.
  • the DC may be called as EN-DC.
  • the Table 4 is an example of E-UTRA operating bands.
  • E-UTRA Operating Band Uplink (UL) operating band BS receive UE transmit Downlink (DL) operating band BS transmit UE receive Duplex Mode FUL_low - FUL_high FDL_low - FDL_high 1 1920 MHz - 1980 MHz 2110 MHz - 2170 MHz FDD 2 1850 MHz - 1910 MHz 1930 MHz - 1990 MHz FDD 3 1710 MHz - 1785 MHz 1805 MHz - 1880 MHz FDD 4 1710 MHz - 1755 MHz 2110 MHz - 2155 MHz FDD 5 824 MHz - 849 MHz 869 MHz - 894MHz FDD 6 830 MHz - 840 MHz 875 MHz - 885 MHz FDD 7 2500 MHz - 2570 MHz 2620 MHz - 2690 MHz FDD 8 880 MHz - 915 MHz 925 MHz - 960 MHz FDD 9 1749.9 MHz - 1784.9 MHz 1844.9 MHz -
  • An operating band in NR is as follows.
  • Table 5 shows examples of operating bands on FR1.
  • Operating bands shown in Table 5 is a reframing operating band that is transitioned from an operating band of LTE/LTE-A. This operating band may be referred to as FR1 operating band.
  • Table 6 shows examples of operating bands on FR2.
  • the following table shows operating bands defined on a high frequency. This operating band is referred to as FR2 operating band.
  • NR operating band Uplink (UL) operating band Downlink (DL) operating band Duplex mode F UL_low - F UL_high F DL_low - F DL_high n257 26500 MHz - 29500 MHz 26500 MHz - 29500 MHz
  • TDD n258 24250 MHz - 27500 MHz 24250 MHz - 27500 MHz TDD n259
  • 39500 MHz - 43500 MHz 39500 MHz - 43500 MHz
  • TDD n260 37000 MHz - 40000 MHz 37000 MHz - 40000 MHz TDD n261 27500 MHz - 283500 MHz 27500 MHz - 283500 MHz TDD
  • a carrier aggregation system aggregates a plurality of component carriers (CCs).
  • CCs component carriers
  • a meaning of an existing cell is changed according to the above carrier aggregation.
  • a cell may signify a combination of a downlink component carrier and an uplink component carrier or an independent downlink component carrier.
  • the cell in the carrier aggregation may be classified into a primary cell, a secondary cell, and a serving cell.
  • the primary cell signifies a cell operated in a primary frequency.
  • the primary cell signifies a cell which UE performs an initial connection establishment procedure or a connection reestablishment procedure or a cell indicated as a primary cell in a handover procedure.
  • the secondary cell signifies a cell operating in a secondary frequency. Once the RRC connection is established, the secondary cell is used to provide an additional radio resource.
  • the carrier aggregation system may support a plurality of component carriers (CCs), that is, a plurality of serving cells unlike a single carrier system.
  • CCs component carriers
  • the carrier aggregation system may support a cross-carrier scheduling.
  • the cross-carrier scheduling is a scheduling method capable of performing resource allocation of a PDSCH transmitted through other component carrier through a PDCCH transmitted through a specific component carrier and/or resource allocation of a PUSCH transmitted through other component carrier different from a component carrier basically linked with the specific component carrier.
  • Carrier aggregation can also be classified into inter-band CA and intra-band CA.
  • the inter-band CA is a method of aggregating and using each CC existing in different operating bands
  • the intra-band CA is a method of aggregating and using each CC in the same operating band.
  • the CA technology is more specifically, intra-band contiguous CA, intra-band non-contiguous CA and inter-band discontinuity. Non-Contiguous) CA.
  • FIG.6 illustrates a concept view of an example of intra-band contiguous CA.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a concept view of an example of intra-band non-contiguous CA.
  • the CA may be split into the intra-band contiguous CA shown in FIG. 6 and the intra-band non-contiguous CA shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a concept view of an example of a combination of a lower frequency band and a higher frequency band for inter-band CA.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a concept view of an example of a combination of similar frequency bands for inter-band CA.
  • the inter-band carrier aggregation may be separated into inter-band CA between carriers of a low band and a high band having different RF characteristics of inter-band CA as shown in FIG. 8 and inter-band CA of similar frequencies that may use a common RF terminal per component carrier due to similar RF (radio frequency) characteristics as shown in FIG. 9.
  • a carrier aggregation configuration is a combination of operating bands, each supporting a carrier aggregation bandwidth class.
  • the reference sensitivity power level REFSENS is the minimum mean power applied to each one of the UE antenna ports for all UE categories, at which the throughput shall meet or exceed the requirements for the specified reference measurement channel.
  • EN-DC, E-UTRA and NR single carrier, CA, and MIMO operation of REFSENS requirements defined apply to all downlink bands of EN-DC configurations listed, unless sensitivity degradation exception is allowed in this clause of this specification. Allowed exceptions specified in this clause also apply to any higher order EN-DC configuration combination containing one of the band combinations that exception is allowed for. Reference sensitivity exceptions are specified by applying maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) into applicable REFSENS requirement.
  • MSD maximum sensitivity degradation
  • EN-DC REFSENS requirements shall be met for NR uplink transmissions using QPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveforms as defined. Unless otherwise specified UL allocation uses the lowest SCS allowable for a given channel BW. Limits on configured maximum output power for the uplink shall apply.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of UE architecture for CA_n8-n79 according to a disclosure of the present specification.
  • a left architecture may be main transceiver and a right architecture may be diversity transceiver.
  • duplexer for FDD band 1dB
  • isolation factor of duplexer for FDD band 50 (for near band) and 15 (for high band)
  • Table 7 shows PA characteristic.
  • Table 8 shows harmonic mixing conversion loss.
  • UL1_n79 may interfere DL5_n8. That is, uplink fundamental signal via band n79 may interfere downlink 5th harmonic. This may result in harmonic mixing.
  • Table 9 shows UL and DL harmonics for band n8 and n79.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of the harmonic mixing.
  • the harmonic mixing refers to the REFSENS degradation that occurs when the harmonic signal (including fund) of the UL matches the harmonic frequency of the DL LO (local oscillator) signal.
  • Down conversion may also occur in the DL LO harmonic of the DL mixer, affecting the original data.
  • the harmonic mixing analysis for each band combination was calculated based on the UE architecture and the characteristic of each elements.
  • the harmonic mixing interference of paths other than the coupling path is very small and does not affect the reference sensitivity, so the MSD value was analyzed considering only the coupling path.
  • MSD main Rx interference power
  • Table 10 shows REFSENS of the band n8 according to the bandwidth in PC2.
  • Main Rx1 may be -65.8.
  • Diversity Rx2 may be -65.8.
  • After may be -68.8103 dBm.
  • the after MRC may indicatee the interference (IMD interference power) magnitude after MRC (Maximum ratio combining) is applied.
  • the after MRC may be calculated as follow:
  • MSD may be 28.1897 dB
  • the MSD value may be calculated as follows:
  • MSD main Rx interference power
  • Table 11 shows REFSENS of the band n8 according to the bandwidth in PC1.5.
  • Main Rx1 may be -62.8.
  • Diversity Rx2 may be -62.8.
  • After MRC may be -65.8103 dBm.
  • MSD may be 31.1897 dB
  • the MSD value may be calculated as follows:
  • Table 12 shows Reference sensitivity exceptions and uplink/downlink configurations due to harmonic mixing from a PC2 aggressor NR UL bands for NR DL CA FR1.
  • Table 13 shows Reference sensitivity exceptions and uplink/downlink configurations due to harmonic mixing from a PC1.5 aggressor NR UL bands for NR DL CA FR1.
  • ⁇ a tolerance may be applied to the MSD values shown in the tables 12-13.
  • a may be one of ⁇ 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, ... 2.0 ⁇ . That is, the range of MSD values proposed in the present specification may include MSD values to which a tolerance of ⁇ a is applied.
  • MSD value for power class 2 & 1.5 may be suggested due to harmonic mixing for CA_n8-n79 and CA_n28-n77-n79 band combination.
  • FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing an example of a procedure of a UE according to the present disclosure.
  • the UE may perform transmission and reception via band n8 and band n79 for CA (Carrier Aggregation).
  • the UE may apply a value of MSD (Maximum Sensitivity Degradation) to the reception.
  • MSD Maximum Sensitivity Degradation
  • the value of the MSD may be based on receiving band for the reception and power class of the UE.
  • the value of the MSD may be 28.0 dB, based on the receiving band being i) the band n8 and ii) the power class of the UE being power class 2.
  • the e value of the MSD may be 31.0 dB, based on i) the receiving band being the band n8 and ii) the power class of the UE being power class 1.5.
  • the MSD may be for interference by harmonic mixing.
  • the MSD may be for interference by harmonic mixing.
  • the band n8 and the band n79 may be used for the NR (New Radio).
  • an apparatus may include a processor, a transceiver, and a memory.
  • the processor may be configured to be coupled operably with the memory and the processor.
  • the processor may be configured to: performing transmission and reception via band n8 and band n79 for CA (Carrier Aggregation), applying a value of MSD (Maximum Sensitivity Degradation) to the reception, wherein the value of the MSD is based on receiving band for the reception, transmitting band for the transmission and power class of the UE, wherein the value of the MSD is 28.0 dB, based on i) the receiving band being the band n8 and ii) the power class of the UE being power class 2.
  • CA Carrier Aggregation
  • MSD Maximum Sensitivity Degradation
  • the processor may be configured to: performing transmission and reception via band n8 and band n79 for CA (Carrier Aggregation), applying a value of MSD (Maximum Sensitivity Degradation) to the reception, wherein the value of the MSD is based on receiving band for the reception and power class of the UE, wherein the value of the MSD is 28.0 dB, based on i) the receiving band being the band n8 and ii) the power class of the UE being power class 2.
  • CA Carrier Aggregation
  • MSD Maximum Sensitivity Degradation
  • non-transitory computer-readable medium has stored thereon a plurality of instructions in a wireless communication system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, will be described.
  • the technical features of the present disclosure could be embodied directly in hardware, in a software executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two.
  • a method performed by a wireless device in a wireless communication may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.
  • a software may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other storage medium.
  • storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from the storage medium.
  • the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC.
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components.
  • the computer-readable medium may include a tangible and non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
  • non-transitory computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM) such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FLASH memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, or any other medium that can be used to store instructions or data structures.
  • RAM random access memory
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • NVRAM non-volatile random access memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • FLASH memory magnetic or optical data storage media, or any other medium that can be used to store instructions or data structures.
  • Non-transitory computer-readable media may also include combinations of the above.
  • the method described herein may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and/or executed by a computer.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium has stored thereon a plurality of instructions.
  • the stored a plurality of instructions may be executed by a processor of a UE.
  • the stored a plurality of instructions may cause the UE to: performing transmission and reception via band n8 and band n79 for CA (Carrier Aggregation), applying a value of MSD (Maximum Sensitivity Degradation) to the reception, wherein the value of the MSD is based on receiving band for the reception, transmitting band for the transmission and power class of the UE, wherein the value of the MSD is 28.0 dB, based on i) the receiving band being the band n8 and ii) the power class of the UE being power class 2.
  • CA Carrier Aggregation
  • MSD Maximum Sensitivity Degradation
  • the present disclosure can have various advantageous effects.
  • UE can receive signal by applying MSD value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La divulgation de l'invention concerne un UE conçu pour fonctionner dans un système sans fil, l'UE comprenant : un émetteur-récepteur, un processeur pouvant être connecté fonctionnellement à l'émetteur-récepteur, le processeur étant conçu pour : effectuer une transmission et une réception par l'intermédiaire d'une bande n8 et d'une bande n79 pour une CA (agrégation de porteuses), appliquer une valeur de MSD (dégradation de sensibilité maximale) à la réception, la valeur de la MSD étant basée sur une bande de réception pour la réception, transmettre une bande pour la transmission et la classe de puissance de l'UE, la valeur de la MSD étant de 28,0 dB, selon que i) la bande de réception est la bande n8 et ii) la classe de puissance de l'UE est la classe de puissance 2.
PCT/KR2024/010668 2023-08-08 2024-07-24 Procédé d'application de msd et appareil correspondant Pending WO2025033768A1 (fr)

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US63/531,320 2023-08-08

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210211145A1 (en) * 2020-01-08 2021-07-08 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Ultrahigh band architecture for radio frequency front-ends
WO2022010259A1 (fr) * 2020-07-10 2022-01-13 Lg Electronics Inc. Procédé d'application de msd et appareil correspondant
US11363598B2 (en) * 2017-11-14 2022-06-14 Lg Electronics Inc. Method for transmitting and receiving signal by terminal supporting dual-connectivity between E-UTRA and NR and terminal performing the method
US20220255684A1 (en) * 2019-03-29 2022-08-11 Lg Electronics Inc. Maximum sensitivity degradation for carrier aggregation
US20220369405A1 (en) * 2019-10-04 2022-11-17 Lg Electronics Inc. Method for applying msd and apparatus thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11363598B2 (en) * 2017-11-14 2022-06-14 Lg Electronics Inc. Method for transmitting and receiving signal by terminal supporting dual-connectivity between E-UTRA and NR and terminal performing the method
US20220255684A1 (en) * 2019-03-29 2022-08-11 Lg Electronics Inc. Maximum sensitivity degradation for carrier aggregation
US20220369405A1 (en) * 2019-10-04 2022-11-17 Lg Electronics Inc. Method for applying msd and apparatus thereof
US20210211145A1 (en) * 2020-01-08 2021-07-08 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Ultrahigh band architecture for radio frequency front-ends
WO2022010259A1 (fr) * 2020-07-10 2022-01-13 Lg Electronics Inc. Procédé d'application de msd et appareil correspondant

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