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WO2025030416A1 - Surveillance de performance pour prédiction de faisceau dans mobilité déclenchée par couche inférieure - Google Patents

Surveillance de performance pour prédiction de faisceau dans mobilité déclenchée par couche inférieure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025030416A1
WO2025030416A1 PCT/CN2023/111911 CN2023111911W WO2025030416A1 WO 2025030416 A1 WO2025030416 A1 WO 2025030416A1 CN 2023111911 W CN2023111911 W CN 2023111911W WO 2025030416 A1 WO2025030416 A1 WO 2025030416A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ltm
auxiliary
target cell
transmit
cell
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2023/111911
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English (en)
Inventor
Qiaoyu Li
Jelena Damnjanovic
Mahmoud Taherzadeh Boroujeni
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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Priority to PCT/CN2023/111911 priority Critical patent/WO2025030416A1/fr
Publication of WO2025030416A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025030416A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection

Definitions

  • aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and to techniques and apparatuses for performance monitoring for beam prediction in lower layer triggered mobility.
  • Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, or other similar types of services. These wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communications with multiple users by sharing available wireless communications system resources with those users.
  • wireless communications systems have made great technological advancements over many years, challenges still exist. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between wireless transmitters and wireless receivers. Accordingly, there is a continuous desire to improve the technical performance of wireless communications systems, including, for example: improving speed and data carrying capacity of communications, improving efficiency of the use of shared communications mediums, reducing power used by transmitters and receivers while performing communications, improving reliability of wireless communications, avoiding redundant transmissions and/or receptions and related processing, improving the coverage area of wireless communications, increasing the number and types of devices that can access wireless communications systems, increasing the ability for different types of devices to intercommunicate, increasing the number and types of wireless communications mediums available for use, and the like. Consequently, there exists a need for further improvements in wireless communications systems to overcome the aforementioned technical challenges and others.
  • the method may include transmitting, to a lower- layer triggered mobility (LTM) source cell, a time-domain beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of an LTM target cell.
  • the method may include transmitting, to the LTM source cell, information regarding an auxiliary reference signal (RS) for the LTM target cell.
  • LTM lower- layer triggered mobility
  • the method may include receiving, from a UE, a time-domain beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of an LTM target cell.
  • the method may include receiving information regarding an auxiliary RS for the LTM target cell.
  • the method may include transmitting the information regarding the auxiliary RS to the LTM target cell.
  • an apparatus operable, configured, or otherwise adapted to perform any one or more of the aforementioned methods and/or those described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings; a non-transitory, computer-readable medium comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the aforementioned methods and/or those described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings; an apparatus configured for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories comprising processor-executable instructions and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to perform the aforementioned methods and/or those described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings; a computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing the aforementioned methods and/or those described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings; and/or an apparatus comprising means for performing the aforementioned methods and/or those described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings.
  • an apparatus may comprise
  • aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios.
  • Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and/or packaging arrangements.
  • some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail/purchasing devices, medical devices, and/or artificial intelligence devices) .
  • Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and/or system-level components.
  • Devices incorporating described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects.
  • transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and/or summers) .
  • RF radio frequency
  • aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and/or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution.
  • Fig. 1 depicts an example of a wireless communications network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 depicts aspects of an example base station (BS) and UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 depicts an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Figs. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 are diagrams illustrating examples of lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) , in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an LTM procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of an artificial intelligence and/or machine learning (AI/ML) based beam management, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • AI/ML artificial intelligence and/or machine learning
  • Fig. 9 is a diagram of an example associated with signaling of information regarding an auxiliary RS, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 10 is a flowchart of an example method of wireless communication.
  • Fig. 11 is a flowchart of an example method of wireless communication.
  • Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of code and circuitry for a communications device, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of code and circuitry for a communications device, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable mediums for performance monitoring for beam prediction in lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) .
  • LTM lower layer triggered mobility
  • LTM procedures are handover procedures used to transfer a user equipment (UE) from a source cell to a target cell while in a connected state, specifically via lower layer signaling (e.g., layer 1 (L1) /layer 2 (L2) signaling) .
  • UE user equipment
  • L1 layer 1
  • L2 layer 2
  • a network entity may provide coverage in more than one cell, such as where the network entity communicates with UEs in different frequency ranges and/or areas. Accordingly, a UE transferring from a source cell to a target cell may refer to the UE transferring from communicating with a first network entity in a first frequency range, to communicating with the first network entity in a second frequency range. As another example, a UE transferring from a source cell to a target cell may refer to the UE transferring from communicating with a first network entity in a first frequency range, to communicating with a second network entity in the first frequency range or a second frequency range.
  • a UE may be configured to measure channel characteristics of a source cell (e.g., serving cell of the UE) and/or channel characteristics of a target cell and report these measurements to one or more network entities. Based on these measured channel characteristics, a network entity (e.g., of a serving cell of the UE) may decide to switch (also referred to as handover) the UE’s connection from the source cell to the target cell (e.g., due to a predicted beam failure at the source cell, greater reference signal received power (RSRP) at the target cell, etc. ) . Accordingly, the network entity may trigger the initiation of the LTM procedure by transmitting an LTM message (e.g., a command) instructing the switch of the UE from communicating on the source cell to communicating on the target cell.
  • an LTM message e.g., a command
  • the measured channel characteristics of the target cell are determined based on measuring signals, such as synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) , and/or the like, transmitted using downlink transmit beams of a network entity of the target cell.
  • signals such as synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) , and/or the like
  • SSBs synchronization signal blocks
  • CSI-RSs channel state information reference signals
  • different signals may be transmitted in different communication resources (e.g., time-frequency resources) using different downlink transmit beams of the network entity of the target cell.
  • the UE measures the different communication resources to determine a measurement (e.g., RSRP) of each of the signals.
  • the UE may determine that one or more measured communication resources meet a criterion (e.g., threshold RSRP, highest RSRP among measured communication resources, etc. ) and may communicate such information to a network entity (e.g., of the source cell, of the target cell, etc. ) .
  • a network entity e.g., of the source cell, of the target cell, etc.
  • the UE may determine a first communication resource meets a criterion.
  • a first signal may have been transmitted in the first communication resource by a network entity of the target cell using a first downlink transmit beam, and the first signal may have been measured by the UE using a first downlink receive beam.
  • the one or more beams determined for communication between the UE and the network entity of the target cell are determined based on the first communication resource meeting thelevon and may include the first downlink transmit beam of the network entity of the target cell and the first downlink receive beam of the UE.
  • the one or more beams may include a first uplink receive beam of the network entity that is quasi-co-located and/or similar in spatial characteristics to the first downlink transmit beam of the network entity.
  • the one or more beams may also include a first uplink transmit beam that is quasi-co-located and/or similar in spatial characteristics to the first downlink receive beam of the UE.
  • the one or more beams determined for communication between the UE and the network entity of the target cell may be narrow beams.
  • Use of narrow beams can help increase throughput, such as by concentrating the energy in a narrow beam, thereby improving reliability of communication, and allowing more data to be transmitted, such as using coding schemes with less redundancy.
  • the one or more beams determined for communication between the UE and the network entity of the target cell may be wide beams.
  • Use of wide beams may decrease throughput, such as by using coding schemes with more redundancy.
  • the UE may have to measure a greater number of communication resources, which may consume more power for the UE to measure the greater number of communication resources.
  • the UE may first measure communication resources on which signals are transmitted using wide beams, such that the one or more beams are initially wide beams, and then may perform additional beam refinement procedures (e.g., wide-to-narrow beam refinement) after the UE is connected to the target cell to determine narrow beams for communication, such as by measuring communication resources on which signals are transmitted using narrow beams, such as a limited number of narrow beams covering geographically the corresponding initial wide beams. Needing to perform additional beam refinement procedures, after the UE has switched cells and is connected to the target cell, may result in additional throughput interruption at the UE, at least until a beam pair capable of providing sufficient throughput performance for communications between the network entity of the target cell and the UE is determined.
  • additional beam refinement procedures e.g., wide-to-narrow beam refinement
  • a beam pair may include a UE transmit beam and a network entity of a cell receive beam (corresponding to a receive beam of a network entity providing coverage in the cell) .
  • a beam pair may include a UE receive beam and a network entity of a cell transmit beam (corresponding to a transmit beam of a network entity providing coverage in the cell) .
  • the cell switch command transmitted from the network entity to the UE in LTM procedures, may trigger the prediction of communication resources (e.g., referred to as “asecond set of communication resources associated with a set of beams (Set A beams) ” which may correspond to transmit beams) based on measuring one or more signals communicated in another set of communication resources (e.g., referred to as “afirst set of communication resources associated with another set of beams (Set B beams) ” which may correspond to transmit or receive beams) .
  • communication resources e.g., referred to as “asecond set of communication resources associated with a set of beams (Set A beams) ” which may correspond to transmit beams
  • a first set of communication resources associated with another set of beams (Set B beams) which may correspond to transmit or receive beams
  • Identifiers of the predicted second set of communication resources and/or channel characteristic (s) predicted for the second set of communication resources may be sent to the network entity.
  • the network entity may use such identifiers and/or predicted channel characteristic (s) to determine a set of uplink receive beams or downlink transmit beams associated with the network entity that are to be used for subsequent communications with the UE via the target cell.
  • the measured signals communicated in the first set of communications associated with the “Set B beams” are SSBs transmitted via wide beams
  • the predicted second set of communication resources associated with the “Set A beams” are communication resources associated with narrow beams.
  • the beam prediction may be time-domain beam prediction.
  • time-domain beam prediction the UE predicts a parameter of a beam, such as a measurement value or a top K beams, at a future time-domain occasion based on a current or past measurement of the beam.
  • a UE may perform performance monitoring for AI/ML based beam prediction, which may include comparing a prediction regarding a beam to a measurement of the beam.
  • UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring may be realized by transmitting actual beams (referred to herein as auxiliary RSs) that correspond to predicted beams during the future time-domain occasions UE has predicted.
  • the UE may measure such beams and may compare the measurement results with prediction results for the beams.
  • the UE may also transmit (e.g., feedback) information indicating a difference between the measurement and the prediction to the network entity.
  • auxiliary RSs may not be defined to support a UE requesting, from one or more LTM target cells, transmission of auxiliary RSs for performance monitoring regarding a previous prediction.
  • an LTM target cell may be a non-serving cell, such that the UE does not have information regarding a CSI-RS configuration of such an LTM target cell before the LTM cell switch completes.
  • existing signaling frameworks may not support the UE providing an indication of preferred beams for the LTM target cell for performance monitoring.
  • aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to signaling of information regarding auxiliary RSs to be transmitted by an LTM target cell. Some aspects more specifically relate to transmitting this information to an LTM source cell, such that the LTM source cell can forward the information to an LTM target cell.
  • a UE may transmit a time-domain (TD) beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of the LTM target cell to the LTM source cell, in addition to the information regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • the LTM target cell may forward the TD beam prediction result to the LTM target cell.
  • the LTM target cell may transmit an auxiliary RS in accordance with the information regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • the described techniques can be used to enable auxiliary RS transmission and performance monitoring for an LTM target cell with decreased delay relative to explicitly configuring the auxiliary RS transmission at the LTM target cell, and without needing a CSI-RS configuration of the auxiliary RS at the LTM target cell.
  • the UE may provide feedback regarding the TD beam prediction result via a CSI report, which may be beneficial for one-shot feedback regarding the performance monitoring.
  • the UE may provide the feedback via a medium access control control element, which may increase reliability of feedback.
  • NR New Radio
  • RAT radio access technology
  • Fig. 1 depicts an example of a wireless communications network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • wireless communications network 100 includes various network entities (alternatively, network elements or network nodes) .
  • a network entity is generally a communications device and/or a communications function performed by a communications device (e.g., a UE, a base station (BS) , a component of a BS, a server, etc. ) .
  • a communications device e.g., a UE, a base station (BS) , a component of a BS, a server, etc.
  • BS base station
  • server a component of a BS
  • server a server
  • wireless communications network 100 may include terrestrial aspects, such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BSs 110) , and/or non-terrestrial aspects, such as satellite 140 and aircraft 145, which may include network entities on-board (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., terrestrial BSs) and Ues.
  • terrestrial aspects such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BSs 110)
  • non-terrestrial aspects such as satellite 140 and aircraft 145
  • network entities on-board e.g., one or more BSs
  • network elements e.g., terrestrial BSs
  • wireless communications network 100 includes BSs 110, Ues 120, and one or more core networks, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160 and 5G Core (5GC) 190, which interoperate to provide communications services over various communications links, including wired and wireless links.
  • EPC Evolved Packet Core
  • 5GC 5G Core
  • Fig. 1 depicts various example Ues 120, which may include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a satellite radio, a global positioning system (GPS) , a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player, a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor/actuator, a display, an internet of things (IoT) device, an always on (AON) device, an edge processing device, or another similar device.
  • IoT internet of things
  • AON always on
  • edge processing device or another similar device.
  • a UE 120 may also be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a remote device, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, or a handset, among other examples.
  • BSs 110 may wirelessly communicate with (e.g., transmit signals to or receive signals from) Ues 120 via communications links 170.
  • the communications links 170 between BSs 110 and Ues 120 may carry uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 120 to a BS 110 and/or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a BS 110 to a UE 120.
  • UL uplink
  • DL downlink
  • the communications links 170 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity in various aspects.
  • MIMO multiple-input and multiple-output
  • a BS 110 may include, for example, a NodeB, an enhanced NodeB (eNB) , a next generation enhanced NodeB (ng-eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB) , an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a transmission reception point, and/or others.
  • a BS 110 may provide communications coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 112, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell, and which may overlap in some cases (e.g., a small cell provided by a BS 110a may have a coverage area 112′that overlaps the coverage area 112 of a macro cell) .
  • a BS 110 may, for example, provide communications coverage for a macro cell (covering a relatively large geographic area) , a pico cell (covering a relatively smaller geographic area, such as a sports stadium) , a femto cell (covering a relatively smaller geographic area (e.g., a home) ) , and/or other types of cells.
  • BSs 110 are depicted in various aspects as unitary communications devices, BSs 110 may be implemented in various configurations.
  • one or more components of a BS may be disaggregated, including a central unit (CU) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , one or more radio units (RUs) , a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) radio access network (RAN) Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, to name a few examples.
  • a BS may be virtualized. More generally, a BS (e.g., BS 110) may include components that are located at a single physical location or components located at various physical locations.
  • a BS includes components that are located at various physical locations
  • the various components may each perform functions such that, collectively, the various components achieve functionality that is similar to a BS that is located at a single physical location.
  • a BS including components that are located at various physical locations may be referred to as having a disaggregated RAN architecture, such as an Open RAN (O-RAN) architecture or a Virtualized RAN (vRAN) architecture.
  • Fig. 3 depicts and describes an example disaggregated BS architecture.
  • Different BSs 110 within wireless communications network 100 may also be configured to support different radio access technologies, such as 3G, 4G, 5G, and/or 6G, among other examples.
  • BSs 110 configured for 4G LTE may interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (e.g., an S1 interface) .
  • BSs 110 configured for 5G e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)
  • 5G e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)
  • 5G e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)
  • BSs 110 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or 5GC 190) with each other over third backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interfaces, XN interfaces) , which may be wired or wireless.
  • third backhaul links 134 e.g., X2 interfaces, XN interfaces
  • BS 110b may also receive the beamformed signal from UE 120 in one or more receive directions 182′. BS 110b and UE 120 may then perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of BS 110b and UE 120. Notably, the transmit and receive directions for BS 110b may or may not be the same. Similarly, the transmit and receive directions for UE 120 may or may not be the same.
  • EPC 160 may include various functional components, including: a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 161, other MMEs 162, a Serving Gateway 163, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 164, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 165, and/or a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 166, such as in the depicted example.
  • MME 161 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 167.
  • HSS Home Subscriber Server
  • MME 161 is a control node that processes the signaling between the Ues 120 and the EPC 160.
  • MME 161 provides bearer and connection management.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • Serving Gateway 163 which is connected to PDN Gateway 166.
  • PDN Gateway 166 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions.
  • PDN Gateway 166 and the BM-SC 165 are connected to IP Services 168, which may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a Packet Switched (PS) streaming service, and/or other IP services.
  • IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
  • PS Packet Switched
  • BM-SC 165 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery.
  • BM-SC 165 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN) , and/or may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions.
  • PLMN public land mobile network
  • MBMS Gateway 164 may distribute MBMS traffic to the BSs 110 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and/or may be responsible for session management (start/stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
  • MMSFN Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network
  • 5GC 190 may include various functional components, including: an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 191, other AMFs 192, a Session Management Function (SMF) 193, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 194.
  • AMF 191 may be in communication with Unified Data Management (UDM) 195.
  • UDM Unified Data Management
  • AMF 191 is a control node that processes signaling between Ues 120 and 5GC 190.
  • AMF 191 provides, for example, quality of service (QoS) flow and session management.
  • QoS quality of service
  • IP packets are transferred through UPF 194, which is connected to the IP Services 196, and which provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions for 5GC 190.
  • IP Services 196 may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a PS streaming service, and/or other IP services.
  • a network entity or network node can be implemented as an aggregated base station, a disaggregated base station, a component of a base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, a transmission reception point (TRP) , or a combination thereof, to name a few examples.
  • IAB integrated access and backhaul
  • TRP transmission reception point
  • Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 2 depicts aspects of an example BS 110 and UE 120, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • BS 110 includes various processors (e.g., 220, 230, 238, and 240) , antennas 234a-t (collectively 234) , transceivers 232a-t (collectively 232) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 212) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 239) .
  • BS 110 may transmit and receive data between BS 110 and UE 120.
  • BS 110 includes controller/processor 240 (which may include one or more processors) , which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.
  • UE 120 includes various processors (e.g., 258, 264, 266, and 280) , antennas 252a-r (collectively 252) and transceivers 254a-r (collectively 254, and which may include one or more transceivers) which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects. These components enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from data source 262) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to data sink 260) . UE 120 includes controller/processor 280 (which may include one or more processors) , which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.
  • BS 110 includes a transmit processor 220 that may receive data from a data source 212 and control information from a controller/processor 240.
  • the control information may be for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , the physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) , the physical hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH) , the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , the group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH) , and/or other channels.
  • the data may be for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , in some examples.
  • Transmit processor 220 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. Transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols, such as for the primary synchronization signal (PSS) , the secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , the PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , or the channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) .
  • PSS primary synchronization signal
  • SSS secondary synchronization signal
  • DMRS PBCH demodulation reference signal
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • Transmit (TX) MIMO processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) in transceivers 232a-232t.
  • Each modulator in transceivers 232a-232t may process a respective output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream.
  • Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal.
  • Downlink signals from the modulators in transceivers 232a-232t may be transmitted via the antennas 234a-234t, respectively.
  • UE 120 includes antennas 252a-252r that may receive the downlink signals from the BS 110 and may provide received signals to the demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 254a-254r, respectively.
  • Each demodulator in transceivers 254a-254r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples.
  • Each demodulator may further process the input samples to obtain received symbols.
  • Receive (RX) MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all the demodulators in transceivers 254a-254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols.
  • Receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 120 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information to a controller/processor 280.
  • UE 120 further includes a transmit processor 264 that may receive and process data (e.g., for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) ) from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ) from the controller/processor 280. Transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (e.g., for the sounding reference signal (SRS) ) . The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by the modulators in transceivers 254a-254r (e.g., for SC-FDM) , and transmitted to BS 110.
  • data e.g., for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)
  • control information e.g., for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)
  • Transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (e.g., for the sounding reference signal (SRS) ) .
  • the uplink signals from UE 120 may be received by antennas 234a-234t, processed by the demodulators in transceivers 232a-232t, detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 120.
  • Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to the controller/processor 240.
  • Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes (e.g., processor-executable instructions, computer-executable instructions) for BS 110 and UE 120, respectively.
  • Scheduler 244 may schedule Ues for data transmission on the downlink and/or uplink.
  • BS 110 may be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein.
  • “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 212, scheduler 244, memory 242, transmit processor 220, controller/processor 240, TX MIMO processor 230, transceivers 232a-t, antenna 234a-t, and/or other aspects described herein.
  • receiving may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 234a-t, transceivers 232a-t, RX MIMO detector 236, controller/processor 240, receive processor 238, scheduler 244, memory 242, a network interface, and/or other aspects described herein.
  • Memory 242 may include one or more memories, which may include a first memory of a first type and a second memory of a second type.
  • UE 120 may likewise be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein.
  • “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 262, memory 282, transmit processor 264, controller/processor 280, TX MIMO processor 266, transceivers 254a-t, antenna 252a-t, and/or other aspects described herein.
  • “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 252a-t, transceivers 254a-t, RX MIMO detector 256, controller/processor 280, receive processor 258, memory 282, and/or other aspects described herein.
  • Memory 282 may include one or more memories, which may include a first memory of a first type and a second memory of a second type.
  • a processor may be configured to perform various operations, such as those associated with the methods described herein, and transmit (output) data to or receive (obtain) data from another interface that is configured to transmit or receive, respectively, the data.
  • an individual processor may perform all of the functions described as being performed by the one or more processors.
  • one or more processors may collectively perform a set of functions. For example, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first function described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second function described as being performed by the one or more processors.
  • the first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors.
  • Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2.
  • Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2.
  • functions described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
  • While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components.
  • the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and/or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller/processor 280.
  • Fig. 2 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 2.
  • Deployment of communication systems may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts.
  • a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, a base station, or a network equipment may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture.
  • a base station such as a Node B (NB) , an evolved NB (eNB) , an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP) , a TRP, or a cell, among other examples
  • NB Node B
  • eNB evolved NB
  • NR BS NR BS
  • 5G NB 5G NB
  • AP access point
  • TRP TRP
  • a cell a cell, among other examples
  • a base station such as a Node B (NB) , an evolved NB (eNB) , an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP) , a TRP, or a cell, among other examples
  • AP access point
  • TRP Transmission Protocol
  • a cell a cell
  • a base station such as a Node B (NB) , an evolved NB (eNB) , an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP) , a TRP
  • An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit) .
  • a disaggregated base station e.g., a disaggregated network node
  • a CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more Dus may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other network nodes.
  • the Dus may be implemented to communicate with one or more Rus.
  • Each of the CU, DU and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples.
  • VCU virtual central unit
  • VDU virtual distributed unit
  • VRU virtual radio unit
  • Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality.
  • disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an IAB network, an O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a vRAN (also known as a cloud RAN (C-RAN)) to facilitate scaling of communication systems by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be individually deployed.
  • a disaggregated base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design.
  • the various units of the disaggregated base station can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the disaggregated base station.
  • Fig. 3 depicts an example disaggregated base station 300 architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the disaggregated base station 300 architecture may include one or more Cus 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a Non-RT RIC 315 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 305, or both) .
  • a CU 310 may communicate with one or more Dus 330 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface.
  • the Dus 330 may communicate with one or more Rus 340 via respective fronthaul links.
  • the Rus 340 may communicate with respective Ues 120 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links.
  • RF radio frequency
  • Each of the units may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
  • Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communications interfaces of the units can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium.
  • the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • a wireless interface which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • the CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions.
  • control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • PDCP packet data convergence protocol
  • SDAP service data adaptation protocol
  • Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310.
  • the CU 310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP)) , control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP)) , or a combination thereof.
  • the CU 310 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units.
  • the CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration.
  • the CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
  • the DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more Rus 340.
  • the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by 3GPP.
  • the DU 330 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 310.
  • Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more Rus 340.
  • an RU 340 controlled by a DU 330, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split.
  • the RU (s) 340 can be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more Ues 120.
  • OTA over-the-air
  • real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU (s) 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
  • this configuration can enable the DU (s) 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
  • the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements.
  • the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) .
  • the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) .
  • a cloud computing platform such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 390
  • network element life cycle management such as to instantiate virtualized network elements
  • a cloud computing platform interface such as an O2 interface
  • Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, Cus 310, Dus 330, Rus 340, and Near-RT RICs 325.
  • the SMO Framework 305 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 305 can communicate directly with one or more Rus 340 via an O1 interface.
  • the SMO Framework 305 also may include a Non-RT RIC 315 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 305.
  • the Non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications/features in the Near-RT RIC 325.
  • the Non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 325.
  • the Near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more Cus 310, one or more Dus 330, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 325.
  • the Non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 325 and may be received at the SMO Framework 305 or the Non-RT RIC 315 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 315 or the Near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI/ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 305 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
  • SMO Framework 305 such as reconfiguration via O1
  • A1 policies such as A1 policies
  • Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.
  • Figs. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network, such as wireless communications network 100 of Fig. 1, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure
  • Fig. 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G subframe
  • Fig. 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure
  • Fig. 4D is a diagram 480 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.
  • Wireless communications systems may utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink. Such systems may also support half-duplex operation using time division duplexing. OFDM and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) partition the system bandwidth (e.g., as depicted in Figs. 4B and 4D) into multiple orthogonal subcarriers. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. Modulation symbols may be sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and/or in the time domain with SC-FDM.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • SC-FDM single-carrier frequency division multiplexing
  • a wireless communications frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL.
  • Wireless communications frame structures may also be time division duplex (TDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL.
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • TDD time division duplex
  • the wireless communications frame structure is TDD where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible for use between DL/UL.
  • Ues may be configured with a slot format through a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically/statically through RRC signaling) .
  • SFI received slot format indicator
  • DCI DL control information
  • RRC signaling semi-statically/statically through RRC signaling
  • a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized 1 ms subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. In some examples, each slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the slot format. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which generally have fewer symbols than an entire slot.
  • Other wireless communications technologies may have a different frame structure and/or different channels.
  • the number of slots within a subframe is based on a slot configuration and a numerology. For example, for slot configuration 0, different numerologies ( ⁇ ) 0 to 5 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots, respectively, per subframe. For slot configuration 1, different numerologies 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots, respectively, per subframe. Accordingly, for slot configuration 0 and numerology ⁇ , there are 14 symbols/slot and 2 ⁇ slots/subframe.
  • the subcarrier spacing and symbol length/duration are a function of the numerology.
  • the subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2 ⁇ ⁇ 15 kHz, where ⁇ is the numerology index, which may be selected from values 0 to 5.
  • Other numerologies and subcarrier spacings may be used.
  • the symbol length/duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing.
  • the slot duration is 0.25 ms
  • the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz
  • the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 ⁇ s.
  • a resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure.
  • Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers.
  • RB resource block
  • PRBs physical RBs
  • the resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
  • some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RSs) for a UE (e.g., UE 120) .
  • the RSs may include DMRSs and/or CSI-RSs for channel estimation at the UE.
  • the RSs may also include beam measurement RSs (BRSs) , beam refinement RSs (BRRSs) , and/or phase tracking RSs (PT-RSs) .
  • BRSs beam measurement RSs
  • BRRSs beam refinement RSs
  • PT-RSs phase tracking RSs
  • Fig. 4B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame.
  • the PDCCH carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) , each CCE including, for example, nine RE groups (REGs) , each REG including, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.
  • CCEs control channel elements
  • REGs RE groups
  • a PSS may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame.
  • the PSS is used by a UE (e.g., UE 120) to determine subframe/symbol timing and a physical layer identity.
  • An SSS may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame.
  • the SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.
  • the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DMRSs.
  • the PBCH which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) /PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB) ) .
  • the MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) .
  • the PDSCH carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and/or paging messages.
  • SIBs system information blocks
  • some of the REs carry DMRSs (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DMRS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station.
  • the UE may transmit DMRSs for the PUCCH and DMRSs for the PUSCH.
  • the PUSCH DMRSs may be transmitted, for example, in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH.
  • the PUCCH DMRSs may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used.
  • UE 120 may transmit SRSs.
  • the SRSs may be transmitted, for example, in the last symbol of a subframe.
  • the SRSs may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRSs on one of the combs.
  • the SRSs may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
  • Fig. 4D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame.
  • the PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration.
  • the PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and HARQ ACK/NACK feedback.
  • UCI uplink control information
  • the PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and/or UCI.
  • BSR buffer status report
  • PHR power headroom report
  • Figs. 5 and 6 are diagrams illustrating examples 500 and 600 of lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) , in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • LTM may be referred to as Layer 1 or Layer 2 (L1/L2) inter-cell mobility, where L1 is the physical layer and L2 is the medium access control (MAC) layer.
  • L1 is the physical layer
  • L2 is the medium access control (MAC) layer.
  • MAC medium access control
  • a UE and a network entity may communicate on an access link using directional links (e.g., using high-dimensional phased arrays) to benefit from a beamforming gain and/or to maintain acceptable communication quality.
  • the directional links typically involve fine alignment of transmit and receive beams, which may be achieved through a set of operations referred to as beam management and/or beam selection, among other examples.
  • a wireless network may support multi-beam operation at relatively high carrier frequencies (e.g., within FR2 or FR4) , which may be associated with harsher propagation conditions than comparatively lower carrier frequencies.
  • a millimeter wave frequency band e.g., FR1
  • signals propagating in a millimeter wave frequency band may suffer from increased pathloss and severe channel intermittency, and/or may be blocked by objects commonly present in an environment surrounding the UE (e.g., a building, a tree, and/or a body of a user, among other examples) .
  • beam management is particularly important for multi-beam operation in a relatively high carrier frequency.
  • LTM Low latency and low overhead
  • L1 low latency and low overhead
  • MAC-CE MAC control element
  • L3 semi-static Layer 3
  • Fig. 5 illustrates an example 500 of a first LTM technique, which may be referred to as beam-based inter-cell mobility, dynamic point selection based inter-cell mobility, and/or non-serving cell-based inter-cell mobility, among other examples.
  • the first LTM technique may enable a network node to use L1 signaling (e.g., DCI) or L2 signaling (e.g., a MAC-CE) to indicate that a UE is to communicate on an access link using a beam from a serving cell or a non-serving cell.
  • L1 signaling e.g., DCI
  • L2 signaling e.g., a MAC-CE
  • beam selection for control information and for data is typically limited to beams within a physical cell identity (PCI) associated with a serving cell.
  • PCI physical cell identity
  • beam selection for control and data may be expanded to include any beams within a serving cell 510 or one or more non-serving neighbor cells 515 configured for LTM.
  • a UE may be configured with a single serving cell 510 (which may be referred to as an LTM source cell) , and may be further configured with a neighbor cell set that includes one or more non-serving cells 515 configured for LTM (one or more of these may comprise an LTM target cell) .
  • the serving cell 510 and the non-serving cell (s) 515 configured for LTM may be associated with a common CU and a common DU.
  • the serving cell 510 and the non-serving cell (s) 515 configured for LTM may be associated with a common CU and different Dus.
  • a network node may trigger LTM for a UE using L1/L2 signaling (e.g., DCI or a MAC-CE) that indicates a selected transmission configuration indication (TCI) state quasi co-located (QCL'ed) with a reference signal (e.g., a synchronization signal block (SSB) ) associated with a PCI.
  • L1/L2 signaling e.g., DCI or a MAC-CE
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • QCL'ed quasi co-located
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • the UE may communicate with the serving cell 510 (an LTM source cell) using a TCI state that is QCL’ed with an SSB from a PCI associated with the serving cell 510 (e.g., shown as PCI 1 in Fig.
  • L1/L2 signaling may trigger inter-cell mobility by indicating that the UE is to switch to communicating using a TCI state that is QCL’ed with an SSB from a PCI associated with a non-serving neighbor cell 515 (e.g., shown as PCI 2 in Fig. 5) , referred to as an LTM target cell.
  • the network node e.g., the common CU controlling the serving cell 510 and the non-serving neighbor cell (s) 515) may use L1/L2 signaling to select a beam from either the serving cell 510 or a non-serving neighbor cell 515 to serve the UE.
  • the first LTM technique may be more robust against blocking and may provide more opportunities for higher rank spatial division multiplexing across different cells.
  • the first LTM technique does not enable support for changing a special cell (SpCell) for a UE, where an SpCell may be a primary cell (PCell) or a primary secondary cell (PSCell) . Rather, in the first LTM technique, triggering an SpCell change is performed via a legacy L3 handover using RRC signaling.
  • the second LTM technique may enable a network node to use L1/L2 signaling (e.g., DCI or a MAC-CE) to indicate control information associated with an activated cell set and/or a deactivated cell set and/or to indicate a change to an SpCell within the activated cell set.
  • L1/L2 signaling e.g., DCI or a MAC-CE
  • the second LTM technique may use mechanisms that are generally similar to carrier aggregation to enable LTM, except that different cells configured for LTM may be on the same carrier frequency.
  • a network node may configure a cell set 610 for LTM (e.g., using RRC signaling) .
  • an activated cell set 615 may include one or more cells in the configured cell set 610 that are activated and ready to use for data and/or control transfer.
  • a deactivated cell set may include one or more cells that are included in the cell set 610 configured for LTM but are not included in the activated cell set 615.
  • L1/L2 signaling can be used for mobility management of the activated cell set 615.
  • L1/L2 signaling can be used to activate cells within the configured cell set 610 (e.g., to add cells to the activated cell set 615) , to deactivate cells in the activated cell set 615, and/or to select beams within the cells included in the activated cell set 615.
  • the second LTM technique may enable seamless mobility among the cells included in the activated cell set 615 using L1/L2 signaling (e.g., using beam management techniques) .
  • the second LTM technique enables using L1/L2 signaling to set or change an SpCell (e.g., a PCell or PSCell) from the cells included in the activated cell set 615.
  • an SpCell e.g., a PCell or PSCell
  • L1/L2 signaling can be used to move the cell from the deactivated cell set to the activated cell set 615 before further L1/L2 signaling is used to set the cell as the new SpCell.
  • an L3 handover (e.g., using RRC signaling) is used to change the SpCell when the new SpCell is not included in the cell set 610 configured for L1/L2 inter-cell mobility.
  • RRC signaling associated with the L3 handover may be used to update the cells included in the cell set 610 configured for LTM.
  • LTM can provide more efficient cell switching to support multi-beam operation, enabling lower latency and reduced overhead by using L1 signaling (e.g., DCI) and/or L2 signaling (e.g., a MAC-CE) rather than L3 signaling (e.g., RRC) to change the beam (s) that a UE uses to communicate over an access link.
  • L1 signaling e.g., DCI
  • L2 signaling e.g., a MAC-CE
  • L3 signaling e.g., RRC
  • Figs. 5 and 6 are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Figs. 5 and 6.
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 of an LTM procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • a network entity may instruct a UE 120 to change serving cells, such as when the UE 120 moves away from coverage of a current serving cell (sometimes referred to as an LTM source cell) and toward coverage of a neighboring cell (sometimes referred to as an LTM target cell) .
  • the network entity may instruct the UE 120 to change cells using an L3 handover procedure.
  • An L3 handover procedure may include the network entity transmitting, to the UE 120, an RRC reconfiguration message indicating that the UE 120 should perform a handover procedure to a LTM target cell, which may be transmitted in response to the UE 120 providing the network entity with an L3 measurement report indicating signal strength measurements associated with various cells (e.g., measurements associated with the LTM source cell and one or more neighboring cells) .
  • the UE 120 may communicate with the LTM source cell and the LTM target cell to detach from the LTM source cell and connect to the LTM target cell (e.g., the UE 120 may establish an RRC connection with the LTM target cell) .
  • the LTM target cell may communicate with a user plane function (UPF) of a core network to instruct the UPF to switch a user plane path of the UE 120 from the LTM source cell to the LTM target cell.
  • the LTM target cell may also communicate with the LTM source cell to indicate that handover is complete and that the LTM source cell may be released.
  • UPF user plane function
  • L3 handover procedures may be associated with high latency and high overhead due to the multiple RRC reconfiguration messages and/or other L3 signaling and operations used to perform the handover procedures.
  • a UE 120 may be configured to perform a lower-layer (e.g., L1 and/or L2) handover procedure, sometimes referred to an LTM procedure, such as the example 700 LTM procedure shown in Fig. 7 and described with regard to Figs. 5 and 6.
  • the LTM procedure may include four phases: an LTM preparation phase, an early synchronization phase (shown as “early sync” in Fig. 7) , an LTM execution phase, and/or an LTM completion phase.
  • the UE 120 may be in an RRC connected state (sometimes referred to as RRC_Connected) with a LTM source cell.
  • the UE 120 may transmit, and the network entity may receive, a measurement report (sometimes referred to as a MeasurementReport) , which may be an L3 measurement report.
  • the measurement report may indicate signal strength measurements (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) , received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , and/or channel quality indicator (CQI)) or similar measurements associated with the LTM source cell and/or one or more neighboring cells.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • RSSI received signal strength indicator
  • RSSI reference signal received quality indicator
  • CQI channel quality indicator
  • the network entity may decide to use LTM, and thus, as shown by reference number 715, the network entity may initiate LTM candidate preparation.
  • the network entity may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an RRC reconfiguration message (sometimes referred to as an RRCReconfiguration message) , which may include an LTM candidate configuration. More particularly, the RRC reconfiguration message may indicate a configuration of one or more LTM candidate LTM target cells, which may be candidate cells to become a serving cell of the UE and/or cells for which the UE 120 may later be triggered to perform an LTM procedure. As shown by reference number 725, the UE 120 may store the configuration of the one or more LTM candidate cell configurations and, in response, may transmit, to the network entity, an RRC reconfiguration complete message (sometimes referred to as an RRCReconfigurationComplete message) .
  • an RRC reconfiguration complete message sometimes referred to as an RRCReconfigurationComplete message
  • the UE 120 may optionally perform downlink/uplink synchronization with the candidate cells associated with the one or more LTM candidate cell configurations. For example, the UE 120 may perform downlink synchronization and timing advance acquisition with the one or more candidate LTM target cells prior to receiving an LTM switch command (which is described in more detail below in connection with reference number 745) . In some aspects, performing the early synchronization with the one or more candidate cells may reduce latency associated with performing a random access channel (RACH) procedure later in the LTM procedure, which is described in more detail below in connection with reference number 755.
  • RACH random access channel
  • the UE 120 may perform L1 measurements on the configured LTM candidate LTM target cells, and thus may transmit, to the network entity, lower-layer (e.g., L1) measurement reports. As shown by reference number 740, based at least in part on the lower-layer measurement reports, the network entity may decide to execute an LTM cell switch to an LTM target cell. Accordingly, as shown by reference number 745, the network entity may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a MAC-CE or similar message triggering an LTM cell switch (the MAC-CE or similar message is sometimes referred to herein as a cell switch command) .
  • the cell switch command may include an indication of a candidate configuration index associated with the LTM target cell.
  • the UE 120 may switch to the configuration of the candidate LTM target cell (e.g., the UE 120 may detach from the LTM source cell and apply the LTM target cell configuration) .
  • the UE 120 may perform a RACH procedure toward the LTM target cell, such as when a timing advance associated with the LTM target cell is not available (e.g., in examples in which the UE 120 did not perform the early synchronization as described above in connection with reference number 730) .
  • the UE 120 may indicate successful completion of the LTM cell switch toward the LTM target cell.
  • cell switch to a LTM target cell may be performed using less overhead than for an L3 handover procedure and/or a cell switch to a LTM target cell may be associated with reduced latency as compared to L3 handover procedure.
  • the source cell and the target cell are associated with the same network entity. However, it should be understood the source cell and the target cell instead may be associated with different network entities. Accordingly, where communications are discussed as sent or received by the network entity of the source cell and the target cell, it should be noted that the communications sent or received by the source cell similarly may be sent or received by a first network entity of the source cell, and the communications sent or received by the target cell similarly may be sent or received by a second network entity of the target cell.
  • Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 of an AI/ML based beam management, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • an AI/ML model 810 may be deployed at or on a UE 120.
  • a model inference host (such as a model inference host) may be deployed at, or on, a UE 120.
  • the AI/ML model 810 may enable the UE 120 to determine one or more inferences or predictions based on data input to the AI/ML model 810.
  • an input to the AI/ML model 810 may include measurements associated with a first set of beams.
  • a network entity may transmit one or more signals using respective beams from the first set of beams.
  • the UE 120 may perform measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP measurements or other measurements) of the first set of beams to obtain a first set of measurements.
  • each beam, from the first set of beams may be associated with one or more measurements performed by the UE 120.
  • the UE 120 may input the first set of measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP measurement values) into the AI/ML model 810 along with information associated with the first set of beams and/or a second set of beams, such as a beam direction (e.g., spatial direction) , beam width, beam shape, and/or other characteristics of the respective beams from the first set of beams and/or the second set of beams.
  • a beam direction e.g., spatial direction
  • the AI/ML model 810 may output one or more predictions.
  • the one or more predictions may include predicted measurement values (e.g., predicted L1 RSRP measurement values) associated with the second set of beams. This may reduce a quantity of beam measurements that are performed by the UE 120, thereby conversing power of the UE 120 and/or network resources that would have otherwise been used to measure all beams included in the first set of beams and the second set of beams.
  • This type of prediction may be referred to as a codebook based spatial domain selection or prediction.
  • an output of the AI/ML model 810 may include a point-direction, an angle of departure (AoD) , and/or an angle of arrival (AoA) of a beam included in the second set of beams.
  • This type of prediction may be referred to as a non-codebook based spatial domain selection or prediction.
  • multiple measurement report or values, collected at different points in time may be input to the AI/ML model 810. This may enable the AI/ML model 810 to output codebook based and/or non-codebook based predictions for a measurement value, an AoD, and/or an AoA, among other examples, of a beam at a future time.
  • the output (s) of the AI/ML model 810 may facilitate initial access procedures, secondary cell group (SCG) setup procedures, beam refinement procedures (e.g., a P2 beam management procedure or a P3 beam management procedure) , link quality or interference adaptation procedure, beam failure and/or beam blockage predictions, and/or radio link failure predictions, among other examples.
  • SCG secondary cell group
  • beam refinement procedures e.g., a P2 beam management procedure or a P3 beam management procedure
  • link quality or interference adaptation procedure e.g., a P2 beam management procedure or a P3 beam management procedure
  • the first set of beams may be referred to as Set B beams and the second set of beams may be referred to as Set A beams.
  • the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may be a subset of the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) .
  • the first set of beams and the second set of beams may be different beams and/or may be mutually exclusive sets.
  • the first set of beams may include wide beams (e.g., unrefined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a first threshold) and the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) may include narrow beams (e.g., refined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a second threshold) .
  • wide beams e.g., unrefined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a first threshold
  • the second set of beams e.g., the Set A beams
  • narrow beams e.g., refined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a second threshold
  • the AI/ML model 810 may perform spatial-domain downlink beam predictions for beams included in the Set A beams based on measurement results of beams included in the Set B beams. For example, the AI/ML model 810 may output information indicating predicted spatial parameters of one or more beams included in the Set A based on the measurement results.
  • the AI/ML model 810 may perform temporal downlink beam prediction for beams included in the Set A beams based on historic measurement results of beams included in the Set B beams. For example, the AI/ML model 810 may output information indicating one or more predicted parameters of the beams included in the Set A beams.
  • the information may include, for example, a predicted measurement value (e.g., a predicted RSRP, a predicted RSRQ, a predicted signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) ) , a prediction of whether a beam switch will occur at a given time or in a given time window, or the like.
  • the information may relate to a beam measurement cycle.
  • the UE 120 may measure beams according to a beam measurement cycle, which may be in accordance with an SSB transmission periodicity or a CSI-RS transmission periodicity.
  • the temporal downlink beam prediction may provide predicted measurement values or beam switch predictions for a time window between SSB transmission occasions or CSI-RS transmission occasions.
  • AI/ML based beam prediction may be applied in LTM scenarios, as described below.
  • a UE active serving cell (e.g., a serving cell configured and/or in use for data and control transmission)
  • transmission to the UE may typically be based on narrow beams (for example, using a TCI state that indicates a CSI-RS as a source signal to create narrower beams, as compared to beams associated with SSBs) .
  • narrow beams for example, using a TCI state that indicates a CSI-RS as a source signal to create narrower beams, as compared to beams associated with SSBs.
  • CMRs channel measurement resources
  • transmission may initially use beams derived from previously measured SSBs (that is, wider beams) .
  • the network entity may activate L1 reports associated with narrower beams (based on CSI-RSs) for P2 beam refinement to improve throughput.
  • beam prediction at the UE can be triggered in association with the command (such as at the same time as the command) .
  • the UE may predict future qualities of potential narrow beams in the one or more LTM target cells based on measurements of SSBs. Such beam prediction allows the UE to quickly identify potential future narrow beams to be used once the UE can carry out transmissions on the one or more LTM target cells, while the latency for such identification or power for such identification can be limited.
  • the UE may receive a command (e.g., an LTM cell switch MAC-CE command) from an active serving cell to switch to one or more LTM candidate cells.
  • the command may implicitly or explicitly include at least a network entity’s request to predict future channel characteristics (e.g., Layer 1 RSRP (L1-RSRP) , Layer 1 SINR (L1-SINR) , or a top K resources, where K is a positive integer) regarding a set of channel prediction resources (CPRs) that are associated with the LTM candidate cell (s) to be switched to, based on the measurement of another set of CMRs (including SSBs and/or CSI-RSs) .
  • L1-RSRP Layer 1 RSRP
  • L1-SINR Layer 1 SINR
  • K is a positive integer
  • the set of CPRs may include SSBs, CSI-RSs, and/or virtual resources which are not actually transmitted by the network entity.
  • the top K resources may be identified based on a measurement, such as based on the strength of an L1-RSRP or L1-SINR.
  • the command e.g., the LTM cell switch MAC-CE command
  • the request may further instruct the UE regarding whether and/or how to report predicted channel characteristics to the network entity. For spatial (SD) prediction, the channel characteristics to be predicted for the CPRs are associated with the same time-domain occasions on which the UE measures the CMRs.
  • SD spatial
  • the channel characteristics to be predicted for the CPRs are associated with one or more future TD occasions relative to the TD occasion when the UE measures the CMRs.
  • the CPRs and CMRs may be identical with regard to each other.
  • the UE may transmit prediction results via a MAC-CE.
  • the MAC-CE can be transmitted through one of the UE’s active serving cells (other than the one or more target LTM candidate cells) according to the command (e.g., in the case of non-standalone operation where a sub-6 GHz connection is typically available) .
  • the MAC-CE can also be sent through one of the one or more target LTM candidate cells, once the UE has an available uplink grant in the target LTM candidate cell.
  • the network entity may provide an uplink grant. This may be suitable for one-shot feedback, to identify the initial TCI states when the UE is first switched to the one or more target LTM candidate cells, because a MAC-CE provides reliable feedback.
  • the UE may transmit prediction results via one or more CSI reports.
  • the UE may be configured (e.g., via RRC signaling) with a CSI report setting associated with the CPRs and the CMRs.
  • a report quantity of the CSI report setting may include at least the channel characteristics predicted for the CPRs.
  • Such a configuration can be based on configuring a single CSI report setting for all options of target LTM candidate cells, wherein different options are associated with different ⁇ CPRs, CMRs ⁇ , and UE may adaptively identify the appropriate CSI payload depending on the one or more target LTM candidate cells indicated by the command.
  • the configuration can be based on configuring respective CSI report settings for each target LTM candidate cell (or each group of target LTM candidate cells) .
  • the UE may identify the appropriate CSI report to feedback depending on the specific one or more target LTM candidate cells indicated by the command.
  • the CSI report may be transmitted via one of the UE’s active serving cells (other than the target LTM candidate cells) , or through one of the target LTM candidate cell (s) . This may be suitable for one-shot feedback, allowing the gNB to track variations of the TCI-states.
  • UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring may be realized by transmitting actual beams (referred to herein as auxiliary RSs) that correspond to predicted beams during the future time-domain occasions that the UE has predicted.
  • the UE may measure such beams and may compare the measurement results with prediction results for the beams.
  • the UE may also transmit (e.g., feedback) information indicating a difference between the measurement and the prediction to the network entity.
  • auxiliary RSs may not be defined to support a UE requesting, from one or more LTM target cells, transmission of auxiliary RSs for performance monitoring regarding a previous prediction.
  • an LTM target cell may be a non-serving cell, such that the UE does not have information regarding a CSI-RS configuration of such an LTM target cell before the LTM cell switch completes.
  • existing signaling frameworks may not support the UE providing an indication of preferred beams for the LTM target cell for performance monitoring.
  • aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to signaling of information regarding auxiliary RSs to be transmitted by an LTM target cell. Some aspects more specifically relate to transmitting this information to an LTM source cell, such that the LTM source cell can forward the information to an LTM target cell.
  • a UE may transmit a TD beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of the LTM target cell to the LTM source cell, in addition to the information regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • the LTM target cell may forward the TD beam prediction result to the LTM target cell.
  • the LTM target cell may transmit an auxiliary RS in accordance with the information regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • the described techniques can be used to enable auxiliary RS transmission and performance monitoring for an LTM target cell with decreased delay, relative to explicitly configuring the auxiliary RS transmission at the LTM target cell.
  • the UE may provide feedback regarding the TD beam prediction result via a CSI report, which may be beneficial for one-shot feedback regarding the performance monitoring.
  • the UE may provide the feedback via a MAC-CE, which may increase reliability of feedback.
  • Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 9 is a diagram of an example 900 associated with signaling of information regarding an auxiliary RS, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Example 900 includes a UE 120, an LTM source cell 905 (e.g., BS 110, serving cell 510, a cell of an activated cell set 615) , and an LTM target cell 910 (e.g., BS 110, serving cell 510, neighbor cell 515, a cell of a configured cell set 610, a cell of an activate cell set 615) .
  • the LTM source cell 905 and the LTM target cell 910 may be implemented by a same network entity (e.g., a same BS 110, a same gNB) .
  • the LTM source cell 905 may be implemented by a first network entity and the LTM target cell 910 may be implemented by a second network entity.
  • “LTM source cell 905” may refer to a group of one or more LTM source cells.
  • “LTM target cell 910” may refer to a group of one or more LTM target cells.
  • the LTM source cell 905 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, configuration information.
  • the UE 120 may receive the configuration information via one or more RRC messages.
  • the configuration information may indicate two or more potential configurations, and the UE 120 may receive (e.g., from the LTM source cell 905) signaling (such as downlink control information or MAC signaling) indicating a selected configuration of the two or more potential configurations.
  • the configuration information may include a configuration relating to reporting information regarding an auxiliary RS and/or a TD beam prediction result.
  • the configuration may include one or more CSI report settings, which may facilitate reporting of the TD beam prediction result via a CSI report.
  • the one or more CSI report settings may include a single CSI report setting for a CSI payload (e.g., a one-part CSI payload) .
  • a report quantity (e.g., a payload, a first part of the CSI report) ) of a CSI report associated with the CSI report setting may include an indication (e.g., a single-bit indicator) of whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.
  • the report quantity (e.g., a second part of the CSI report) may also include one or more parameters of the information regarding the auxiliary RS, such as one or more auxiliary RS resources for the auxiliary RS, one or more identifiers of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time domain occasions for the auxiliary RS, a frequency-domain density of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, or a combination thereof.
  • the second part of the CSI report may include one or more arbitrary bits, or may be used for another purpose.
  • the configuration information may include a first configuration and a second configuration, such as a first CSI report setting and a second CSI report setting.
  • a report quantity e.g., a payload
  • a first CSI report configured by the first CSI report setting may include an indication (e.g., a single-bit indicator) of whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.
  • a report quantity (e.g., a payload) of a second CSI report may indicate one or more parameters of the information regarding the auxiliary RS, such as one or more auxiliary RS resources for the auxiliary RS, one or more identifiers of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time domain occasions for the auxiliary RS, a frequency-domain density of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, or a combination thereof.
  • the first CSI report (or the first CSI report setting) may be linked with the second CSI report (or the second CSI report setting) , such as by including a CSI report setting identifier of the first CSI report setting in the second CSI report setting, or by including a CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo identifier of the first CSI report setting in a CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo parameter of the second CSI report setting.
  • the configuration information may include a single configuration of a CSI report setting for a CSI report that carries both an indication of whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource, and one or more parameters of the information regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • a report quantity (e.g., a payload) of the CSI report may include the indication and the one or more parameters.
  • a first part of the CSI report may include the indication.
  • the first part of the CSI report may have a fixed size (e.g., may not differ across CSI reports) .
  • a second part of the CSI report may include the one or more parameters.
  • the second part may have a variable size (e.g., the size of the second part may differ from CSI report to CSI report) .
  • the first part may indicate a payload size of the second part.
  • the UE 120 may transmit, and the LTM source cell 905 may receive, capability information.
  • the capability information may indicate one or more capabilities of the UE 120, such as relating to one or more features described herein.
  • the capability information may indicate that the UE 120 is capable of or prefers using CSI reporting to provide information regarding the auxiliary RS and/or an indication of whether the LTM target cell 910 should transmit the auxiliary RS.
  • the capability information may indicate that the UE 120 is capable of or prefers using a MAC-CE to provide information regarding the auxiliary RS and/or an indication of whether the LTM target cell 910 should transmit the auxiliary RS.
  • the capability information may indicate that the UE 120 is capable of or prefers performing autonomous monitoring and/or AI/ML model updating.
  • the capability information may indicate that the UE 120 is capable of or prefers reporting a result associated with the performance monitoring to the LTM source cell 905 and/or the LTM target cell 910.
  • the LTM source cell 905 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a command.
  • the command may include an LTM cell switch MAC-CE command.
  • the command may indicate for the UE 120 to switch to the LTM target cell 910.
  • the command may identify the LTM target cell 910.
  • the command may indicate for the UE 120 to perform beam prediction.
  • the command may indicate for (e.g., may trigger) the UE 120 to perform TD beam prediction (e.g., narrow beam prediction) for the LTM target cell 910.
  • This may include predicting a parameter of a beam (e.g., a narrow beam, such as a beam with a QCL source of a CSI-RS) in a time resource (e.g., a prediction resource) that occurs after the UE 120 has transitioned to the LTM target cell 910.
  • a parameter of a beam e.g., a narrow beam, such as a beam with a QCL source of a CSI-RS
  • a time resource e.g., a prediction resource
  • the command may indicate for the UE 120 to transmit a TD beam prediction result to the LTM source cell 905.
  • the TD beam prediction result may include an L1-RSRP, an L1-SINR, a top K resources, or the like.
  • the TD beam prediction result may relate to one or more prediction resources associated with the LTM target cell 910.
  • the one or more prediction resources may have different spatial transmit filters.
  • a first prediction resource may be associated with a first beam generated by the LTM target cell 910 and a second prediction resource may be associated with a second beam generated by the LTM target cell 910.
  • a prediction resource may not actually be measured by the UE 120 (unless an auxiliary RS is transmitted on the prediction resource, as described elsewhere herein) .
  • the configuration information shown by reference number 915 may indicate one or more prediction resources.
  • the TD beam prediction result may relate to one or more future TD occasions, such as one or more time instances for which the TD beam prediction results indicate predicted measurement values.
  • the UE 120 may perform beam prediction.
  • the UE 120 may perform beam prediction using an AI/ML model (e.g., AI/ML model 810) .
  • the UE 120 may determine a TD beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of the LTM target cell 910.
  • the UE 120 may identify, for a future TD occasion, a predicted measurement value for the prediction resource.
  • a prediction resource may define a time, frequency, and/or spatial resource for which the UE 120 is to generate a TD beam prediction result.
  • the UE 120 may transmit, and the LTM source cell 905 may receive, a TD beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of an LTM target cell.
  • the UE 120 may transmit the TD beam prediction result with information indicating a prediction resource and/or a future TD occasion associated with the TD beam prediction result.
  • the UE 120 may transmit the TD beam prediction result via one or more CSI reports.
  • the UE 120 may transmit the TD beam prediction result via a MAC-CE.
  • the UE 120 may transmit, and the LTM source cell 905 may receive, information regarding an auxiliary RS for the LTM target cell.
  • the UE 120 may transmit information regarding an auxiliary RS via a MAC-CE.
  • the MAC-CE may include an indication (e.g., a single-bit indicator) of whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.
  • the MAC-CE may also include one or more parameters of the information regarding the auxiliary RS, such as one or more auxiliary RS resources for the auxiliary RS, one or more identifiers of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time domain occasions for the auxiliary RS, a frequency-domain density of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, or a combination thereof. For example, if the MAC-CE indicates that the LTM target cell 910 should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource, the MAC-CE may also include the one or more parameters.
  • the LTM source cell 905 may transmit, and the LTM target cell 910 may receive, the TD beam prediction result and/or the information regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • the LTM source cell 905 may transmit, and the LTM target cell 910 may receive, information derived from the TD beam prediction result and/or the information regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • the LTM source cell 905 may transmit a subset of the TD beam prediction result and/or the information regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • the LTM source cell 905 may transmit the TD beam prediction result and/or the information regarding the auxiliary RS via a non-ideal backhaul (e.g., with an amount of latency such as tens of milliseconds of latency) .
  • a non-ideal backhaul e.g., with an amount of latency such as tens of milliseconds of latency
  • the UE 120 may complete mobility to the LTM target cell 910 (referred to as transitioning to the LTM target cell 910) .
  • the UE 120 may add the LTM target cell 910 as a serving cell (e.g., serving cell 510) .
  • the UE 120 may establish a connection with the LTM target cell 910.
  • the UE 120 may add the LTM target cell 910 as an activated cell of activated cell set 615.
  • the LTM target cell 910 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, configuration information.
  • the configuration information may include a CSI report setting.
  • the CSI report setting, or other configuration information associated with the CSI report setting may indicate one or more parameters for measuring the auxiliary RS.
  • the one or more parameters may be based at least in part on the information regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • the LTM target cell 910 may configure the CSI report setting only if the information regarding the auxiliary RS indicates that the LTM target cell 910 should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.
  • one or more parameters of the CSI report setting may be based at least in part on the information regarding the auxiliary RS. For example, a total number of CMRs, a spatial transmit filter, a TD occasion, and/or a frequency-domain density of the CMRs associated with the CSI report setting may be derived from one or more parameters indicated by the information regarding the auxiliary RS (which is described elsewhere herein) .
  • the CSI report setting (or a CSI report defined by the CSI report setting) may be associated with one or more CMRs.
  • the UE may be explicitly signaled in the CSI resource setting or in a CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo parameter associated with the CSI report, the corresponding prediction resource identifier for which the UE 120 performed a TD beam prediction (e.g., determined a TD beam prediction result) while the UE 120 was associated with the LTM source cell 905.
  • a report quantity of the CSI report setting may be set to a value (e.g., “none” ) that indicates that the UE 120 is to perform autonomous performance monitoring and/or updating of the UE 120’s AI/ML model.
  • the report quantity may indicate that the UE 120 is to provide feedback regarding measuring the auxiliary RS (e.g., which may include feedback regarding performance monitoring based on the auxiliary RS) .
  • a report quantity associated with the CSI report setting may indicate (e.g., include) measurement results associated with the CMRs of the CSI report setting (e.g., L1-RSRPs, L1-SINRs, or a top K CMRs in terms of L1-RSRP and/or L1-SINR) , or a relative difference between the measurement results of the CMRs and the TD beam prediction results of the corresponding prediction resources (e.g., L1-RSRP and/or L1-SINR differences between the measurements and the TD beam prediction results, a difference between resource identifiers of the predicted top K resources and the measured top K CMRs for each of the predicted top K resources, or for each of the measured top K CMRs) .
  • measurement results associated with the CMRs of the CSI report setting e.g., L1-RSRPs, L1-SINRs, or a top K CMRs in terms of L1-RSRP and/or L1-SINR
  • the LTM target cell 910 may transmit an auxiliary RS.
  • the LTM target cell 910 may transmit the auxiliary RS on a CMR corresponding to (e.g., having a same time, frequency and/or spatial resource as) a prediction resource of the TD beam prediction results reported by the UE 120.
  • the auxiliary RS may be associated with the prediction resource.
  • the auxiliary RS may be generated using (e.g., associated with) a same spatial transmit filter as a spatial transmit filter used to generate TD beam prediction result regarding the prediction resource.
  • the LTM target cell 910 may transmit the auxiliary RS in accordance with a configured CSI-RS resource.
  • the UE 120 may measure the auxiliary RS.
  • the UE 120 may measure the auxiliary RS in accordance with a configured CSI-RS resource, which may be associated with the configured CSI report setting.
  • the UE 120 may transmit feedback regarding the auxiliary RS. For example, if the CSI report setting indicates to transmit the feedback, the UE 120 may transmit the feedback in accordance with the CSI report setting. In some aspects, the UE 120 may transmit the feedback in accordance with (e.g., in response to) a trigger. For example, the UE 120 may receive (from the LTM target cell 910) a trigger for an aperiodic CSI report associated with the CSI report setting, and may transmit the feedback via one or more CSI reports in accordance with the CSI report setting.
  • the LTM target cell 910 may use the feedback to determine an accuracy of the UE 120’s TD beam prediction.
  • the network entity or the LTM target cell 910 may determine whether to activate TD beam prediction in other target cells based at least in part on the determination of the accuracy.
  • the UE 120 may update an AI/ML model of the UE 120 based at least in part on measuring the auxiliary RS. For example, the UE 120 may compare measured channel characteristics to the TD beam prediction result, and may update the AI/ML model (e.g., using a machine learning technique) .
  • Fig. 9 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 9.
  • Fig. 10 is a flowchart of an example method 1000 of wireless communication.
  • the method 1000 may be performed at, for example, a UE (e.g., UE 120) or an apparatus of a UE.
  • a UE e.g., UE 120
  • an apparatus of a UE e.g., UE 120
  • Method 1000 begins at 1010 with transmitting, to an LTM source cell, a time-domain beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of an LTM target cell.
  • the UE may transmit, to an LTM source cell, a time-domain beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of an LTM target cell, as described above in connection with, for example, Fig. 9 and at 930.
  • Method 1000 then proceeds at 1020 with transmitting, to the LTM source cell, information regarding an auxiliary RS for the LTM target cell.
  • the UE may transmit, to the LTM source cell, information regarding an auxiliary RS for the LTM target cell, as described above in connection with, for example, Fig. 9 and at 935.
  • the auxiliary RS is associated with the prediction resource.
  • the auxiliary RS is associated with a same spatial transmit filter as the prediction resource.
  • the information regarding the auxiliary RS includes at least one of an indication of whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource, one or more auxiliary RS resources for the auxiliary RS, one or more identifiers of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time domain occasions for the auxiliary RS, or a frequency-domain density of the one or more auxiliary RS resources.
  • method 1000 includes receiving, from the LTM source cell, a command to switch to the LTM target cell, the command indicating to transmit the information regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • transmitting the information regarding the auxiliary RS further comprises transmitting the information regarding the auxiliary RS via a channel state information report.
  • the channel state information report includes a bit indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.
  • the channel state information report includes one or more parameters regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • the one or more parameters are included in a part of the channel state information report having a variable size.
  • the channel state information report is a first channel state information report
  • method 1000 includes transmitting a second channel state information report indicating one or more parameters associated with the auxiliary RS.
  • transmitting the information regarding the auxiliary RS further comprises transmitting the information regarding the auxiliary RS via a medium access control control element (MAC-CE) .
  • MAC-CE medium access control control element
  • the MAC-CE includes a bit indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.
  • the MAC-CE includes one or more parameters regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • the one or more parameters are included in a part of the MAC-CE having a variable size.
  • method 1000 includes transitioning to the LTM target cell, and measuring the auxiliary RS on the LTM target cell.
  • method 1000 includes transmitting, to the LTM target cell, feedback regarding measuring the auxiliary RS.
  • method 1000 includes transmitting the feedback in accordance with the channel state information report feedback trigger.
  • measuring the auxiliary RS on the LTM target cell further comprises measuring the auxiliary RS without transmitting feedback regarding the auxiliary RS, in accordance with a channel state information report setting indicating not to transmit the feedback.
  • method 1000 may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1200 of Fig. 12, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1000.
  • Communications device 1200 is described below in further detail.
  • method 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 10. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of method 1000 may be performed in parallel.
  • Fig. 11 is a flowchart of an example method 1100 of wireless communication.
  • the method 1100 may be performed at, for example, an LTM source cell (e.g., LTM source cell 905) or an apparatus of an LTM source cell.
  • LTM source cell e.g., LTM source cell 905
  • apparatus of an LTM source cell e.g., LTM source cell 905
  • Method 1100 begins at 1110 with receiving, from a UE, a time-domain beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of an LTM target cell.
  • the LTM source cell may receive, from a UE, a time-domain beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of an LTM target cell, as described above in connection with, for example, Fig. 9 and at 930.
  • Method 1100 then proceeds at 1120 with receiving information regarding an auxiliary RS) for the LTM target cell.
  • the LTM source cell may receive information regarding an auxiliary RS for the LTM target cell, as described above in connection with, for example, Fig. 9 and at 935.
  • Method 1100 then proceeds at 1130 with transmitting the information regarding the auxiliary RS to the LTM target cell.
  • the LTM source cell may transmit the information regarding the auxiliary RS to the LTM target cell, as described above in connection with, for example, Fig. 9 and at 940.
  • the auxiliary RS is associated with the prediction resource.
  • the auxiliary RS is associated with a same spatial transmit filter as the prediction resource.
  • the information regarding the auxiliary RS includes at least one of an indication of whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource, one or more auxiliary RS resources for the auxiliary RS, one or more identifiers of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time domain occasions for the auxiliary RS, or a frequency-domain density of the one or more auxiliary RS resources.
  • method 1100 includes transmitting a command for the UE to switch to the LTM target cell, the command indicating to transmit the information regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • receiving the information regarding the auxiliary RS further comprises receiving the information regarding the auxiliary RS via a channel state information report.
  • the channel state information report includes a bit indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.
  • the channel state information report includes one or more parameters regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • the one or more parameters are included in a part of the channel state information report having a variable size.
  • the channel state information report is a first channel state information report
  • method 1000 includes receiving a second channel state information report indicating one or more parameters associated with the auxiliary RS.
  • receiving the information regarding the auxiliary RS further comprises receiving the information regarding the auxiliary RS via a medium access control control element (MAC-CE) .
  • MAC-CE medium access control control element
  • the MAC-CE includes a bit indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.
  • the MAC-CE includes one or more parameters regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • the one or more parameters are included in a part of the MAC-CE having a variable size.
  • method 1100 may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1300 of Fig. 13, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1100.
  • Communications device 1300 is described below in further detail.
  • method 1100 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 11. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of method 1100 may be performed in parallel.
  • Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of code and circuitry for a communications device 1200, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the communications device 1200 may be a UE, or a UE may include the communications device 1200.
  • the communications device 1200 may be configured for wireless communication, such as based on a wireless communication specification.
  • the communications device 1200 includes a processing system 1202 coupled to a transceiver 1208 (e.g., a transmitter and/or a receiver, and which may include a single transceivers or multiple transceivers which may perform different operations described as being performed by the transceiver 1208) .
  • the transceiver 1208 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1200 via an antenna 1210, such as the various signals as described herein.
  • the processing system 1202 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1200, including processing signals received and/or to be transmitted by the communications device 1200.
  • the processing system 1202 includes one or more processors 1220.
  • the one or more processors 1220 may include one or more of receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and/or controller/processor 280, as described with respect to Fig. 2.
  • the one or more processors 1220 are coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 1230 via a bus 1206.
  • the computer-readable medium/memory 1230 may include one or more memories such as memory 282, as described with respect to Fig. 2.
  • the computer-readable medium/memory 1230 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code, processor-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 1220, cause the one or more processors 1220 to perform the method 1000 described with respect to Fig. 10, or any aspect related to it.
  • instructions e.g., computer-executable code, processor-executable code
  • reference to a processor performing a function of communications device 1200 may include one or more processors performing that function of communications device 1200.
  • reference to one or more processors performing multiple functions may include a first processor performing a first function of the multiple functions and a second processor performing a second function of the multiple functions.
  • the communications device 1200 may include circuitry for transmitting, to an LTM source cell, a time-domain beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of an LTM target cell (circuitry 1235) .
  • the communications device 1200 may include, stored in computer-readable medium/memory 1230, code for transmitting, to an LTM source cell, a time-domain beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of an LTM target cell (code 1240) .
  • the communications device 1200 may include circuitry for transmitting, to the LTM source cell, information regarding an auxiliary RS for the LTM target cell (circuitry 1245) .
  • the communications device 1200 may include, stored in computer-readable medium/memory 1230, code for transmitting, to the LTM source cell, information regarding an auxiliary RS for the LTM target cell (code 1250) .
  • Various components of the communications device 1200 may provide means for performing the method 1000 described with respect to Fig. 10, or any aspect related to it.
  • means for transmitting, sending, or outputting for transmission may include the transceiver (s) 254 and/or antenna (s) 252 of the UE 120 and/or transceiver 1208 and antenna 1210 of the communications device 1200 in Fig. 12.
  • Means for receiving or obtaining may include the transceiver (s) 254 and/or antenna (s) 252 of the UE 120 and/or transceiver 1208 and antenna 1210 of the communications device 1200 in Fig. 12.
  • Fig. 12 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described in connection with Fig. 12.
  • Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of code and circuitry for a communications device 1300, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the communications device 1300 may be an LTM source cell (such as BS 110 or a disaggregated base station as described with regard to Fig. 3) , or an LTM source cell may include the communications device 1300.
  • the communications device 1300 may be configured for wireless communication, such as based on a wireless communication specification.
  • the communications device 1300 includes a processing system 1302 coupled to a transceiver 1308 (e.g., a transmitter and/or a receiver, and which may include a single transceivers or multiple transceivers which may perform different operations described as being performed by the transceiver 1308) .
  • the transceiver 1308 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1300 via an antenna 1310 (e.g., one or more antennas) , such as the various signals as described herein.
  • the network interface 1312 is configured to obtain and send signals for the communications device 1300 via communications link (s) , such as a backhaul link, midhaul link, and/or fronthaul link as described herein, such as with respect to Fig. 3.
  • the processing system 1302 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1300, including processing signals received and/or to be transmitted by the communications device 1300.
  • the processing system 1302 includes one or more processors 1320.
  • the one or more processors 1320 may include one or more of receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, and/or controller/processor 240, as described with respect to Fig. 2.
  • the one or more processors 1320 are coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 1330 via a bus 1306.
  • the computer-readable medium/memory 1330 may include one or more memories such as memory 242, as described with respect to Fig. 2.
  • the computer-readable medium/memory 1330 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code, processor-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 1320, cause the one or more processors 1320 to perform the method 1100 described with respect to Fig. 11, or any aspect related to it.
  • instructions e.g., computer-executable code, processor-executable code
  • reference to a processor performing a function of communications device 1300 may include one or more processors performing that function of communications device 1300.
  • reference to one or more processors performing multiple functions may include a first processor performing a first function of the multiple functions and a second processor performing a second function of the multiple functions.
  • the communications device 1300 may include circuitry for receiving, from a UE, a time-domain beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of an LTM target cell (circuitry 1335) .
  • the communications device 1300 may include, stored in computer-readable medium/memory 1330, code for receiving, from a UE, a time-domain beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of an LTM target cell (code 1340) .
  • the communications device 1300 may include circuitry for receiving information regarding an auxiliary RS for the LTM target cell (circuitry 1345) .
  • the communications device 1300 may include, stored in computer-readable medium/memory 1330, code for receiving information regarding an auxiliary RS for the LTM target cell (code 1350) .
  • the communications device 1300 may include circuitry for transmitting the information regarding the auxiliary RS to the LTM target cell (circuitry 1355) .
  • the communications device 1300 may include, stored in computer-readable medium/memory 1330, code for transmitting the information regarding the auxiliary RS to the LTM target cell (code 1360) .
  • Various components of the communications device 1300 may provide means for performing the method 1100 described with respect to Fig. 11, or any aspect related to it.
  • means for transmitting, sending, or outputting for transmission may include the transceiver (s) 232 and/or antenna (s) 234 of the BS 110 and/or the transceiver 1308 and/or antenna 1310 of the communications device 1300 in Fig. 13.
  • Means for receiving or obtaining may include the transceiver (s) 232 and/or antenna (s) 234 of the BS 110 and/or the transceiver 1308 and/or antenna 1310 of the communications device 1300 in Fig. 13.
  • Fig. 13 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described in connection with Fig. 13.
  • a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) comprising: transmitting, to a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) source cell, a time-domain beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of an LTM target cell; and transmitting, to the LTM source cell, information regarding an auxiliary reference signal (RS) for the LTM target cell.
  • LTM lower-layer triggered mobility
  • Aspect 2 The method of Aspect 1, wherein the auxiliary RS is associated with the prediction resource.
  • Aspect 3 The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein the auxiliary RS is associated with a same spatial transmit filter as the prediction resource.
  • Aspect 4 The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the information regarding the auxiliary RS includes at least one of: an indication of whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource, one or more auxiliary RS resources for the auxiliary RS, one or more identifiers of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time domain occasions for the auxiliary RS, or a frequency-domain density of the one or more auxiliary RS resources.
  • Aspect 5 The method of any of Aspects 1-4, further comprising receiving, from the LTM source cell, a command to switch to the LTM target cell, the command indicating to transmit the information regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • Aspect 6 The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein transmitting the information regarding the auxiliary RS further comprises transmitting the information regarding the auxiliary RS via a channel state information report.
  • Aspect 7 The method of Aspect 6, wherein the channel state information report includes a bit indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.
  • Aspect 8 The method of Aspect 7, wherein the channel state information report includes one or more parameters regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • Aspect 9 The method of Aspect 8, wherein the one or more parameters are included in a part of the channel state information report having a variable size.
  • Aspect 10 The method of Aspect 6, wherein the channel state information report is a first channel state information report, and wherein the method further comprises transmitting a second channel state information report indicating one or more parameters associated with the auxiliary RS.
  • Aspect 11 The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein transmitting the information regarding the auxiliary RS further comprises transmitting the information regarding the auxiliary RS via a medium access control control element (MAC-CE) .
  • MAC-CE medium access control control element
  • Aspect 12 The method of Aspect 11, wherein the MAC-CE includes a bit indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.
  • Aspect 13 The method of Aspect 12, wherein the MAC-CE includes one or more parameters regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • Aspect 14 The method of Aspect 13, wherein the one or more parameters are included in a part of the MAC-CE having a variable size.
  • Aspect 15 The method of any of Aspects 1-14, further comprising: transitioning to the LTM target cell; and measuring the auxiliary RS on the LTM target cell.
  • Aspect 16 The method of Aspect 15, further comprising: transmitting, to the LTM target cell, feedback regarding measuring the auxiliary RS.
  • Aspect 17 The method of Aspect 16, further comprising receiving a channel state information report feedback trigger, wherein transmitting the feedback further comprises transmitting the feedback in accordance with the channel state information report feedback trigger.
  • Aspect 18 The method of Aspect 15, wherein measuring the auxiliary RS on the LTM target cell further comprises measuring the auxiliary RS without transmitting feedback regarding the auxiliary RS, in accordance with a channel state information report setting indicating not to transmit the feedback.
  • a method of wireless communication performed by a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) source cell comprising: receiving, from a user equipment (UE) , a time-domain beam prediction result regarding a prediction resource of an LTM target cell; receiving information regarding an auxiliary reference signal (RS) for the LTM target cell; and transmitting the information regarding the auxiliary RS to the LTM target cell.
  • LTM lower-layer triggered mobility
  • Aspect 20 The method of Aspect 19, wherein the auxiliary RS is associated with the prediction resource.
  • Aspect 21 The method of any of Aspects 19-20, wherein the auxiliary RS is associated with a same spatial transmit filter as the prediction resource.
  • Aspect 22 The method of any of Aspects 19-21, wherein the information regarding the auxiliary RS includes at least one of: an indication of whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource, one or more auxiliary RS resources for the auxiliary RS, one or more identifiers of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time domain occasions for the auxiliary RS, or a frequency-domain density of the one or more auxiliary RS resources.
  • Aspect 23 The method of any of Aspects 19-22, further comprising transmitting a command for the UE to switch to the LTM target cell, the command indicating to transmit the information regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • Aspect 24 The method of any of Aspects 19-23, wherein receiving the information regarding the auxiliary RS further comprises receiving the information regarding the auxiliary RS via a channel state information report.
  • Aspect 25 The method of Aspect 24, wherein the channel state information report includes a bit indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.
  • Aspect 26 The method of Aspect 25, wherein the channel state information report includes one or more parameters regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • Aspect 27 The method of Aspect 26, wherein the one or more parameters are included in a part of the channel state information report having a variable size.
  • Aspect 28 The method of Aspect 24, wherein the channel state information report is a first channel state information report, and wherein the method further comprises receiving a second channel state information report indicating one or more parameters associated with the auxiliary RS.
  • Aspect 29 The method of any of Aspects 19-28, wherein receiving the information regarding the auxiliary RS further comprises receiving the information regarding the auxiliary RS via a medium access control control element (MAC-CE) .
  • MAC-CE medium access control control element
  • Aspect 30 The method of Aspect 29, wherein the MAC-CE includes a bit indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.
  • Aspect 31 The method of Aspect 30, wherein the MAC-CE includes one or more parameters regarding the auxiliary RS.
  • Aspect 32 The method of Aspect 31, wherein the one or more parameters are included in a part of the MAC-CE having a variable size.
  • Aspect 33 An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
  • Aspect 34 An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
  • Aspect 35 An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
  • Aspect 36 A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
  • Aspect 37 A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
  • a device for wireless communication comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
  • Aspect 39 An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
  • appendix is provided as an example only and is to be considered part of the specification.
  • a definition, illustration, or other description in the appendix does not supersede or override similar information included in the detailed description or figures.
  • a definition, illustration, or other description in the detailed description or figures does not supersede or override similar information included in the appendix.
  • the appendix is not intended to limit the disclosure of possible aspects.
  • the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software.
  • “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, and/or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
  • a “processor” is implemented in hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software.
  • satisfying a threshold may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or the like.
  • “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a +a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
  • the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B) .
  • the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise.
  • the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) .
  • an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein.
  • the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method that is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to, or other than, the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC) , or any other such configuration) .
  • computing devices e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC) , or any other such configuration
  • determining encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like.
  • references to an element in the singular is not intended to mean only one unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ”
  • reference to an element e.g., “a processor, ” “a controller, ” “a memory, ” etc.
  • reference to an element should be understood to refer to one or more elements (e.g., “one or more processors, ” “one or more controllers, ” “one or more memories, ” etc. ) .
  • one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively perform the functions.
  • each function need not be performed by each of those elements (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements) and/or each function need not be performed in whole by only one element (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function) .
  • one element may be configured to cause the other element to perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively be configured to cause the other element to perform the functions.
  • the methods disclosed herein comprise one or more actions for achieving the methods.
  • the method actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims.
  • the order and/or use of specific actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims.
  • the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions.
  • the means may include various hardware and/or software component (s) and/or module (s) , including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or a processor.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Divers aspects de la présente divulgation concernent de manière générale le domaine des communications sans fil. Selon certains aspects, un équipement utilisateur (UE) peut transmettre, à une cellule source de mobilité déclenchée par couche inférieure (LTM), un résultat de prédiction de faisceau dans le domaine temporel concernant une ressource de prédiction d'une cellule cible LTM. L'UE peut transmettre, à la cellule source LTM, des informations concernant un signal de référence (RS) auxiliaire pour la cellule cible LTM. De nombreux autres aspects sont décrits.
PCT/CN2023/111911 2023-08-09 2023-08-09 Surveillance de performance pour prédiction de faisceau dans mobilité déclenchée par couche inférieure Pending WO2025030416A1 (fr)

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