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WO2025026815A1 - Mélanges insecticides - Google Patents

Mélanges insecticides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025026815A1
WO2025026815A1 PCT/EP2024/070842 EP2024070842W WO2025026815A1 WO 2025026815 A1 WO2025026815 A1 WO 2025026815A1 EP 2024070842 W EP2024070842 W EP 2024070842W WO 2025026815 A1 WO2025026815 A1 WO 2025026815A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spp
plant
inhibitors
modulators
pelargonic acid
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PCT/EP2024/070842
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English (en)
Inventor
Liesbeth ZWARTS
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Globachem NV
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Globachem NV
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P5/00—Nematocides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
    • A01P7/02—Acaricides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
    • A01P7/04—Insecticides

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to insecticidal compositions of pelargonic acid together with at least one additional insecticide and the use of such compositions for combating arthropod, particularly insect and/or acari pests and nematodes on useful plants.
  • Arthropod pests cause significant economic damage in the field of agriculture.
  • solutions have been developed to deter or eradicate arthropods including pesticides, plants expressing resistant traits, and the use of natural predators.
  • the disclosure relates to compositions of pelargonic acid in combination with one or more insecticides.
  • pelargonic acid in combination with a reduced dose of a conventional insecticide results in the same level of protection as treatments with the recommended full dose of said conventional insecticide.
  • the mixtures of the present disclosure reduce the need of conventional insecticides and may also decrease the selection pressure for insecticide resistance development in the insects.
  • the disclosure relates to pelargonic acid, in particular pelargonic acid mixtures with conventional insecticides, having arthropodicidal, particularly insecticidal and/or acaricidal, and/or nematicidal activity, and to methods of controlling arthropod and nematode pests on useful plants with such mixtures.
  • Pelargonic acid has long been known as a non- selective, contact herbicide. It has now surprisingly been found that compositions of (A) pelargonic acid used at selected rates together with (B) one or more additional insecticides are highly effective at controlling pests in useful plants without causing significant damage to the useful plants.
  • the present disclosure represents an important new solution for farmers to control or prevent damage of useful plants caused by insect, acari, and nematode pests.
  • compositions and methods recites various aspects and embodiments of the presently provided compositions and methods. No particular embodiment is intended to define the scope of the compositions and methods. Rather, the embodiments merely provide non-limiting examples of various compositions and methods that are at least included within the scope of the disclosed compositions and methods. The description is to be read from the perspective of one of ordinary skill in the art; therefore, information well known to the skilled artisan is not necessarily included.
  • the present disclosure relates to compositons of (A) pelargonic acid and (B) at least one additional insecticide as well as methods of controlling, preventing and/or treating insect infestation in plants by treating of plants, plant parts and/or the seeds or the soil in which the plant is growing or in which it is desired to grow with pelargonic acid and at least one additional insecticide.
  • lower amounts of the additional insecticide is needed for effective insect control compared to the recommended full dose label-rate of said conventional insecticide.
  • pelargonic acid compositions of the present disclosure are well tolerated by plants, i.e., the plants exhibit low to no phytotoxicity, at the concentrations required for controlling plant pests allows the treatment of above-ground parts of plants, of propagation stock and the locus of the plants, e.g., of the soil.
  • plants and plant parts may be treated.
  • plants it is meant all plants and plant populations, cultivars and plant varieties.
  • plant parts it is meant all above ground and below ground parts and organs of plants such as shoot, leaf, blossom and root, whereby for example leaves, needles, stems, branches, blossoms, fruiting bodies, fruits and plant propagation materials, including seed as well as roots, corms, rhizomes and runners are included.
  • the term “about” when used in connection with numeric values, parameters or numerical ranges such as amounts, volumes, volume ratios, volume percentages, weight ratios, weight percentages, or application rates of ingredients of a composition means an amount, a volume, a volume ratio, a volume percentage, a weight ratio, a weight percentage, or an application rate that is recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art to provide a desired effect equivalent to that obtained from the specified amount, volume, volume ratios, volume percentages, weight ratio, weight percentage, or application rate, is encompassed herein and should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and applying ordinary rounding techniques.
  • arthropod refers to any plant pest in the phylum Arthropoda including the subphylum Hexapoda, which includes class Insecta (e.g., insects), and the subphylum Chelicerata, which includes class Arachnida (e.g., spiders, mites).
  • insect As used herein, the terms “insect”, “insecticide”, “insecticidal”, “insecticidally”, and variations thereof, unless expressly referring to a specific insect pest, instead refer to any arthropod plant pests, including those in the phylum Arthropoda and the class Arachnida or class Insecta, as well as pests from the phylum Nematoda.
  • the terms “including,” “comprising,” “having,” “containing,” and variations thereof, are inclusive and open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps beyond those explicitly recited.
  • the phrase “consisting of’ is closed and excludes any element, step, or ingredient not explicitly specified.
  • the phrase “consisting essentially of’ limits the scope of the described feature to the specified materials or steps and those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the disclosed feature.
  • the term “agriculturally acceptable carrier” refers to a substance that aids the administration of an active agent to and absorption by an agricultural crop and may be included in the compositions of the present disclosure without causing a significant adverse toxicological effect on the agricultural crop.
  • An agriculturally acceptable carrier is thus compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the environment or organism (e.g., plant) to which it is applied.
  • Non-limiting examples of agriculturally acceptable carriers include water, NaCl, normal saline solutions, normal sucrose, normal glucose, binders, fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, coatings, and the like.
  • One of skill in the art will recognize that other agriculturally acceptable carriers are useful in the present disclosure.
  • the term “agriculturally effective amount” refers to an administered amount of a composition that produces the agricultural effects for which the composition is administered.
  • the composition is an insecticidal composition, i.e., a composition including an insecticide compound such as pelargonic acid and additional insecticides as described herein
  • the desired agricultural effect may include the controlling of the growth or development of insects, such controlling including, but not limited to, reducing the emergence and/or growth of the insects or killing undesired insects.
  • the exact amount can vary depending on conditions (e.g., soil, humidity, pH, temperature, growing season, amount of daily light, etc.), the concentration and type of components as described herein, as well as the type of insect to which each composition is applied and will be ascertainable by one skilled in the art using known techniques.
  • insecticidally effective amount means the quantity of such a compound or combination of such compounds that is capable of killing, controlling, or infecting insects, retarding the grow or reproduction of insects, reducing an insect population, and/or reducing damage to plants caused by insects. Unless expressly referring to a specific insect pest, includes the amount that is effective to inhibit or control any arthropod plant pests, including those in the phylum Arthropoda and the class Arachnida, as well as those in the phylum Nematoda.
  • the terms “pest” or “plant pest” mean members of the phylum Arthropoda including the subphylum Hexapoda, which includes class Insecta (e.g., insects), and the subphylum Chelicerata, which includes class Arachnida (e.g., spiders, mites), as well as members of the phylum Nematoda, which are undesired in cropping situations due to, for example, their negative impact on the appearance, health, or productivity of a plant or crop.
  • the subphylum Hexapoda which includes class Insecta (e.g., insects)
  • the subphylum Chelicerata which includes class Arachnida (e.g., spiders, mites)
  • members of the phylum Nematoda which are undesired in cropping situations due to, for example, their negative impact on the appearance, health, or productivity of a plant or crop.
  • any numerical range disclosed herein is meant to include all sub-ranges subsumed within the recited one. For instance, a range from 1 to 10 includes all sub-ranges between and including the recited minimal value 1 and the recited maximum value 10 and any value in-between, including any and all decimal values.
  • composition and “formulation” are used interchangeably throughout the text and are meant as having the same meaning.
  • Pelargonic acid when used according to the present disclosure, is well tolerated by the environment and when well tolerated by the plants is suitable for protecting plants and plant organs, for enhancing harvest yields and for improving the quality of the harvested material.
  • the pelargonic acid compositions are active against normally sensitive and resistant pest species and against all or some stages of development.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises the use of at least one pelargonic acid derivative alone or in mixtures with pelargonic acid.
  • the pelargonic acid derivatives suitable for use in the present disclosure are selected from salts, esters and amides of pelargonic acid.
  • the at least one pelargonic acid derivative comprises one or more salts or esters of pelargonic acid.
  • Esters of pelargonic acid include esters of pelargonic acid with an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, butanol, ethane- 1,2-diol, propane-1, 3-diol, propane-1,2, 3- triol (glycerol) and mixtures thereof.
  • the ester can be cholesterol pelargonate.
  • Salts of pelargonic acid include metal salts, ammonium salts, alkanolamine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, and the choline salts of pelargonic acid.
  • the metal salts are alkali metal salts, alkaline-earth metal salts, or aluminum, copper, iron, or zinc salts.
  • Alkali metal salts of fatty acids include lithium, sodium, potassium, and rubidium salts of pelargonic acid.
  • Alkaline-earth metal salts of pelargonic acid include magnesium and calcium salts.
  • Such salts may be formed by reacting the pelargonic acid with a base comprising the desired metal cation, for instance by reacting one or more fatty acids with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in case of alkali metals, magnesium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide for alkaline- earth metals, or aluminum hydroxide, copper hydroxide, zinc hydroxide or iron hydroxide for other metals.
  • Alkanolamine salts include the dimethylethanolamine, and the mono-, di-, triethanolamine salts of pelargonic acid.
  • Quaternary ammonium salts can be prepared by combining pelargonic acid with a quaternary ammonium with a hydroxyl group to form L- carnitine, L-acetyl carnitine, and betaine salts.
  • the choline salts may be prepared by combining pelargonic acid with choline hydroxide to form choline pelargonate, choline gammahomocholine, beta-methylcholine, acetyl choline, acetyl gamma homocholine, and (3-chloro- 2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonum salts.
  • Additional salts include dimethylethanolamine pelargonate, 2-(pyrrolidine-l-yl)ethan-l-ol, and 3-(l-pyrrolidinyl)l,2-propanediol salts of pelargonic acid.
  • Amide derivatives of pelargonic acid may be prepared by methods known in the art including by reacting pelargonic acid with an amine via a condensation reaction with a condensation reagent, such as N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride, phosphorous trichloride, or phosphorous pentachloride; by reacting pelargonic acid with an amine in the presence of a catalyst; and by first forming a derivative of pelargonic acid, such as pelargonic acid chloride, an alcohol ester of pelargonic acid, a pelargonic acid phenol ester etc., and reacting said derivative with an amine.
  • a condensation reagent such as N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride, phosphorous trichloride, or phosphorous pentachloride
  • the at least one additional insecticide (B) identified herein by their common names are known and are described, for example, in the pesticide handbook (“The Pesticide Manual” 16th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2012) or can be found on the Internet (e.g. http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides).
  • the classification and group numbering are based on the current IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme (Edition 11.1) at the time of filing of this patent application.
  • Suitable additional insecticides (B) that may be used include representatives of the following classes of active ingredients:
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors AChE inhibitors
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators Site 1;
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers (14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers
  • said at least one additional insecticide (B) is selected from:
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors including carbamates selected from alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC, and xylylcarb; or organophosphates selected from acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos
  • GABA-gated chloride channel blockers including cyclodiene-organochlorines selected from chlordane and endosulfan; or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles) selected from ethiprole and fipronil;
  • Sodium channel modulators including pyrethroids selected from acrinathrin, allethrin, d- cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S- cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(lR)-trans-isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators including neonicotinoids selected from acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam; or nicotine, or sulfoximines selected from sulfoxaflor; or butenolids selected from flupyradifurone; or mesoionics selected from dicloromezotiaz, fenmezoditiaz, and triflumezopyrim; or pyridylidenes selected from flupyrimin;
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators Site 1 , including spinosyns selected from spinetoram and spinosad;
  • Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators including avermectins/milbemycins selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin;
  • Juvenile hormone receptor modulators including juvenile hormone analogues selected from hydroprene, kinoprene, and methoprene; or fenoxycarb; or pyriproxyfen; (8) Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, including alkyl halides selected from 1,3-dichloropropene, methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or chloropicrin; or fluorides selected from cryolite (sodium aluminum fluoride), and sulfuryl fluoride; or borates selected from borax, boric acid, disodium octoborate, sodium borate, and sodium metaborate; or tartar emetic; or methyl isocyanate generators selected from dazomet, metam, and methyl isothiocyanate;
  • Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators including pyridine azomethine derivatives selected from pymetrozine, and pyrifluquinazone; or pyropenes selected from afidopyropen;
  • Mite growth inhibitors including selected from cl of entezine, diflovidazin, hexythiazox, and etoxazole;
  • Microbial disruptors of insect gut membranes including Bacillus thuringiensis and the insecticidal proteins they produce selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis. Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizaw ai. Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurslaki.
  • Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and pesticidally active proteins e.g., originating from Bacillus thuringiensis selected from Cry 1 Ab, Cry 1 Ac, CrylFa, Cry 1 A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, and Cry34Abl/Cry35Abl; or Bacillus sphaericus,
  • Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase which are ATP disruptors, including diafenthiuron; or organotin miticides selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide; or propargite; or tetradifon;
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers including nereistoxin analogues selected from bensultap, bisultap, cartap hydrochloride, monosultap, thiocylam, and thiosultap- sodium;
  • Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1 selected from buprofezin;
  • Moulting disrupter in particular for Diptera, i.e., Dipterans selected from cyromazine;
  • Ecdysone receptor agonists preferably diacylhydrazines selected from chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide;
  • Octopamine receptor agonists selected from amitraz
  • Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors - Qo site selected from hydramethylnone, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim, and bifenazate;
  • Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors including METI acaricides selected from fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyridaben, pyrimidifen, tebufenpyrad, and tolfenpyrad; or rotenone (Derris);
  • Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase including tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spidoxamat, spirobudifen, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion, and spirotetramat;
  • Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors including phosphides selected from aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, and zinc phosphide; or cyanides selected from calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide, and sodium cyanide;
  • Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors including beta-ketonitrile derivatives selected from cyenopyrafen, and cyflumetofen; or carboxanilides selected from pyflubumide;
  • Ryanodine receptor modulators including diamides selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flubendiamide, and tetraniliprole;
  • GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators including meta-diamides or isoxazolines selected from broflanilide, fluxametamide, and isocycloseram;
  • Baculoviruses including Granuloviruses (GVs) selected from Cydia pomonella GV, and Thaumatotibia leucotreta GV; or Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) selected from Anticar sia gemmatalis MNPV, and Helicoverpa armigera NPV;
  • Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor nAChR
  • Allosteric Modulators - Site II selected from GS-omega/kappa HXTX-Hv la peptide
  • KCa2 Calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa2) modulators selected from acynonapyr
  • RNA Interference mediated target suppressors selected from ledprona
  • the at least one additional insecticide (B) comprises one or more nematicides.
  • the active compounds identified here by their common names are known and are described, for example, in the pesticide handbook (“The Pesticide Manual” 16th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2012) or can be found on the Internet (e.g. http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides). The classification is based on the current Nematicide IRAC Mode of Action Classification Groups at the time of filing of this patent application (version 11.1).
  • said at least one additional insecticide (B) comprises one or more nematicides selected from:
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors including (N-1A) carbamates selected from aldicarb, benfuracarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan, oxamyl, and thiodicarb, or (N-1B) organophosphates selected from cadusafos, ethoprofos, fenamiphos, fosthiazate, imicyafos, phorate, and terbufos.
  • Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators including avermectins selected from abamectin and emamectin benzoate.
  • Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors especially inhibitors of succinatecoenzyme Q reductase, preferably pyridinyl-ethyl benzamides selected from fluopyram and cyclobutrifluram.
  • Lipid synthesis/growth regulation modulators especially inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives such as spirotetramat.
  • Group N-UN Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action with various chemistries, such as fluazaindolizine, fluensulfone, furfural, iprodione, and tioxazafen.
  • Group N-UNX Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action: Presumed multi-site inhibitors, including volatile sulfur generators selected from carbon disulfide and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS); or carbon disulfide liberators selected from sodium tetrathiocarbonate; or alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and methyl iodide (iodomethane); or halogenated hydrocarbons selected from l,2-dibromo-3 -chloropropane (DBCP), 1,3 -di chloropropene, and ethylene dibromide; or chloropicrin; or methyl isothiocyanate generators selected from allyl isothiocyanate, dazomet, metam potassium, and metam sodium.
  • volatile sulfur generators selected from carbon disulfide and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS); or carbon disulfide liberators selected from sodium tetrathiocarbonate
  • alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and methyl
  • Bacterial agents (non-Zb) of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably bacterium or bacterium-derived, selected from Bacillus spp., e.g. B. firmus, B. licheniformis. B. amyloliquefaciens. or B. subtilis, Burkholderia spp., e.g. Burkholderia rinojensis A396, Pasteuria spp., e.g. P. penetrans or P. nishizawae. Pseudomonas spp., e.g. chlororaphis, fluorescens. oryzihabitans strain SYM23945, and Streptomyces spp., e.g. lydicus. dicklow ii. albogriseolus, or strain SYM00257.
  • Bacillus spp. e.g. B. firmus, B. licheniformis.
  • fungus or fungus-derived selected from Actinomyces spp., e.g. streptococcus, Arthrobotrys spp., e.g. oligospora, Aspergillus spp., e.g. niger, Muscodor spp., e.g. albus, Myrothecium spp., e.g. verrucaria, Paecilomyces spp., e.g., carneus. fumosoroseus, or lilacinum, Pochonia spp., e.g. chlamydosporia, and Trichoderma spp., e.g. harzianum, virens, atroviride or viride.
  • Actinomyces spp. e.g. streptococcus
  • Arthrobotrys spp. e.g. oligospora, Aspergillus spp.
  • Botanical or animal derived agents including synthetic extracts and unrefined oils, with unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably botanical or animal derived agents selected from azadirachtin, camellia seed cake, essential oils, garlic extract, pongamia oil, Quillaja saponaria extract, chitin, and terpenes, e.g., carvacrol.
  • the additional insecticide (B) includes one or more biological pesticides.
  • Biological pesticides comprise bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses, plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms, including proteins and secondary metabolites.
  • the biological pesticides comprise bacteria such as spore-forming bacteria, rootcolonizing bacteria and bacteria which act as biological insecticides or nematicides.
  • Bacteria which are employed or may be used as biological pesticides include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, strain FZB42 (DSM 231179), o Bacillus cereus, such as B. cereus strain CNCM 1-1562 or Bacillus firmus, strain 1-1582 (Accession number CNCM 1-1582) or Bacillus pumilus, such as strain GB34 (Accession No. ATCC 700814) and strain QST2808 (Accession No. NRRL B-30087), ox Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain GB03 (Accession No. ATCC SD-1397), or Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 (Accession No.
  • NRRL B-21661 Bacillus subtilis strain OST 30002 (Accession No. NRRL B-50421) Bacillus thuringiensis, in particular B. thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (serotype JI-14), strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276), or B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD- 1372), or B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1, or B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (SD-5428), Pasteuria penetrans, Pasteuria spp.
  • Fungi and yeasts which are employed or may be used as biological pesticides include Beauveria bassiana, in particular strain ATCC 74040, Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM-9660), Lecanicillium spp., in particular strain HRO LEC 12, Lecanicillium lecanii, (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii), in particular strain KV01, Metarhizium anisopliae, in particular strain F52 (DSM3884/ ATCC 90448), Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular strain NRRL Y-30752, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (now: Isaria fumosorosea) , in particular strain IFPC 200613, or strain Apopka 97 (Accession No.
  • Paecilomyces lilacinus in particular P. lilacinus strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550), Talaromyces flavus, in particular strain VI 17b, Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SCI (Accession Number CBS 122089), Trichoderma harzianum, in particular T. harzianum rifai T39. (Accession Number CNCM 1-952).
  • Viruses which are employed or may be used as biological pesticides include Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) granulosis virus (GV), Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus (GV), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), Plutella xylostella granulosis virus (GV), in particular P. xylostella GV isolate GV-0020, Spodoptera exigua (beet army worm) mNPV, Spodoptera frugiperda (fall army worm) mNPV, Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) NPV.
  • Adoxophyes orana sumr fruit tortrix granulosis virus
  • GV Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus
  • NPV Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm
  • Plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms including proteins and secondary metabolites which are employed or may be used as biological pesticides include Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, azadirachtin, Biokeeper WP, Cassia nigricans, Celastrus angulatus, Chenopodium anthelminticum, chitin, Armour-Zen, Dryopteris filix-mas, Equisetum arvense, Fortune Aza, Fungastop, Heads Up (Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract), Pyrethrum/Pyrethrins, Quassia amara, Quercus, Quillaja, Regalia, "Requiem TM Insecticide", rotenone, ryania/ryanodine, Symphytum officinale, Tanacetum vulgare, thymol, Triact 70, TriCon, Tropaeulum majus, Urtica dioica, Veratrin, Viscum album, Brass
  • compositions comprise an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) at least one additional insecticide selected from abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, afidopyropen, azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus thuringiensis kurslaki, Bacillus firmus, Beauveria bassiana, benzpyrimoxan, bifenthrin, bistrifluron, broflanilide, carbosulfan, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, cyantraniliprole, Cydia pomonella Granulosis virus, lambda cyhalothrin, beta cyfluthrin, beta cypermethrin, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, dimpropyridaz, dinotefuran, emamectin benzoate,
  • the at least one additional insecticide (B) does not comprise chlorantraniliprole. In some embodiments, the at least one additional insecticide (B) does not comprise spinosad. In some embodiments, the at least one additional insecticide (B) does not comprise chlorfenapyr.
  • compositions comprise an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) at least one additional insecticide selected from abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, afidopyropen, azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus thuringiensis kurslaki.
  • compositions and combinations comprise an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid and insecticidally effective amounts of (B) two or more additional insecticides.
  • (B) comprises acetamiprid + bifenthrin, acetamiprid + diafenthiuron, acetamiprid + isocycloseram, bifenthrin + ethiprole, bifenthrin + imidacloprid, bifenthrin + isocycloseram, bifenthrin + sulfoxaflor, chlorantraniliprole + emamectin benzoate, lambda cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam, ethiprole + nuvaluron, ethiprole + pyriproxifen, or isocycloseram + pyriproxifen.
  • compositions and combinations as described above may be used in a method for controlling pests, which comprises applying a composition comprising a mixture as described above to the crop, on the pests, or their environment.
  • arthropod is suited to descriptions of the present disclosure which relates to not only insects but also other organisms falling within the phylum Arthropoda which are relevant in agriculture, such as acari particularly phytopathogenic mites.
  • compositions according to the invention are valuable active ingredients in the field of pest control, even at low rates of application, which have a very favorable pest control spectrum.
  • compositions according to the disclosure act against all or individual developmental stages of normally sensitive, but also resistant, pests, such as arthropods, particularly insects or representatives of the order Acarina, and nematodes.
  • compositions according to the invention may manifest itself directly, i.e., in destruction of the pests, which takes place either immediately or only after some time has elapsed, for example during ecdysis, or indirectly, for example in a reduced oviposition and/or hatching rate, a good activity corresponding to a destruction rate (mortality) of at least 40% and higher.
  • Low Phytotoxicity of pelargonic acid means that the toxic effect on plants is absent or at such a level so as not to adversely impact the growth and/or yield of the plant under a given set of test conditions, e.g., at a given concentration of pelargonic acid.
  • Phytotoxic effects may be measured in a number of different ways, for example, according to the principals set out in OEPP/EPPO Bulletin (2014) 44(3), 265-273 “PP 1/135 (4) Phytotoxicity assessment”.
  • the phytotoxic effect on plants may be assessed visually as a function of the percentage of discoloration to the leaves and/or the appearance of necrosis.
  • the application will typically result in a level of phytotoxicity of less than 20%, preferably less than 15%, more preferably less than 10% necrosis of the leaves in comparison to untreated plants.
  • Preferred uses of the disclosure will typically result in phytotoxicity of 7% or less, whilst the most preferred uses will typically result in phytotoxicity of 5% or less.
  • the above values are approximate as any purely visual assessment is likely to contain a degree of subjectivity.
  • Pelargonic acid in mixtures with one or more additional insecticides may be used for controlling, i.e., containing or destroying, insect, acari and/or nematode pests which occur, in particular, on useful plants without causing significant damage to the useful plants (i.e., damage that negatively impacts the yield of the useful plants).
  • the active ingredients, pelargonic acid and one or more additional insecticides may be applied successively (using suitable formulations of the individually applied materials, including for example, suspension concentrate of the one or more insecticide and aqueous solutions of the pelargonic acid), simultaneously (i.e., a single application achieved by tank-mixing the aforementioned products or by using an agricultural formulation in which the pelargonic acid and the one or more insecticide are co-formulated), or a combination thereof.
  • the term “useful plants” includes Corn; Cotton; Cereals including wheat (winter and spring), spelt, durum, rye, barley, oats, millet and triticale; Oilseed rape as used herein includes Brassica napus subsp napus, also referred to as Argentine canola, rapeseed or rape and the specific group of cultivars, canola; Brassica rapa, also known as Polish Canola and Brassica juncea, also known as brown mustard; Perennials as used herein includes Coffee, Fruit trees such as Abiu, Almond, Amla (Indian gooseberry), Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bael, Ber (Indian plum), Carambola (starfruit), Cashew, Cherry, Citrus (clementine, lemon, lime, orange etc.), Coconut, Crab apple, Damson, Durian, Elderberry, Fig, Grapefruit, Guava, Jackfruit, Jujube, Loquat, Lychee, Mango
  • Allium cepa e.g., onion, spring onion, scallion, shallot
  • Allium sativum e.g., garlic
  • Allium ampeloprasum e.g., leek, elephant garlic
  • Capsicum annuum e.g., pepper, bell pepper, sweet pepper
  • Spinacia oleracea e.g., spinach
  • Dioscorea spp. e.g., yam
  • Ipomoea batatas e.g., sweet potato
  • Manihot esculenta e.g., cassava
  • Plants and plant cultivars which are preferably treated according to the invention include those that are resistant against herbicides or one or more biotic stresses, i.e., said plants show a better defense against animal and microbial pests, such as against nematodes, insects, acari, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and/or viroids.
  • compositions according to the invention can advantageously be used to treat transgenic plants, plant cultivars or plant parts that received genetic material which imparts advantageous and/or useful properties (traits) to these plants, plant cultivars or plant parts. Therefore, it is contemplated that the present invention may be combined with one or more recombinant traits or transgenic event(s) or a combination thereof.
  • a transgenic event is created by the insertion of a specific recombinant DNA molecule into a specific position (locus) within the chromosome of the plant genome.
  • the insertion creates a novel DNA sequence referred to as an “event” and is characterized by the inserted recombinant DNA molecule and some amount of genomic DNA immediately adjacent to/flanking both ends of the inserted DNA.
  • trait(s) or transgenic event(s) include, but are not limited to, pest resistance, water use efficiency, yield performance, drought tolerance, seed quality, improved nutritional quality, hybrid seed production, and herbicide tolerance, in which the trait is measured with respect to a plant lacking such trait or transgenic event.
  • Such advantageous and/or useful properties are better plant growth, vigor, stress tolerance, standability, lodging resistance, nutrient uptake, plant nutrition, and/or yield, in particular improved growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to levels of water or soil salinity, enhanced flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated ripening, higher yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage life and/or processability of the harvested products, and increased resistance against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, arachnids, nematodes, mites, slugs and snails.
  • Bt Cry or VIP proteins which include the CrylA, CrylAb, CrylAc, CryllA, CrylllA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof and also hybrids or combinations thereof, especially the CrylF protein or hybrids derived from a CrylF protein (e.g. hybrid CrylA-CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof), the CrylA-type proteins or toxic fragments thereof, preferably the CrylAc protein or hybrids derived from the CrylAc protein (e.g.
  • Cryl Ab-CrylAc proteins or the CrylAb or Bt2 protein or toxic fragments thereof, the Cry2Ae, Cry2Af or Cry2Ag proteins or toxic fragments thereof, the CrylA.105 protein or a toxic fragment thereof, the VIP3Aal9 protein, the VIP3Aa20 protein, the VIP3A proteins produced in the COT202 or COT203 cotton events, the VIP3Aa protein or a toxic fragment thereof as described in Estruch et al. (1996), Proc Natl Acad Sci US A.
  • any variants or mutants of any one of these proteins differing in some amino acids (1-10, preferably 1-5) from any of the above-named sequences, particularly the sequence of their toxic fragment, or which are fused to a transit peptide, such as a plastid transit peptide, or another protein or peptide, is included herein.
  • herbicides for example imidazolinones, sulphonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinothricin by either mutagenesis, for example, ClearfieldTM imidazolinone tolerant varieties, or transgenic techniques.
  • DNA sequences encoding proteins which confer properties of tolerance to certain herbicides on the transformed plant cells and plants mention will be particularly be made to the bar or PAT gene or the Streptomyces coelicolor gene described in WO2009/152359 which confers tolerance to glufosinate herbicides, a gene encoding a suitable EPSPS (5-Enolpyruvylshikimat-3-phosphat-synthase) which confers tolerance to herbicides having EPSPS as a target, especially herbicides such as glyphosate and its salts, a gene encoding glyphosate-n-acetyltransferase, or a gene encoding glyphosate oxidoreductase.
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvylshikimat-3-phosphat-synthase
  • herbicide tolerance traits include at least one ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor (e.g., W02007/024782), a mutated Arabidopsis ALS/AHAS gene (e.g., U.S. Patent 6,855,533), genes encoding 2,4-D-monooxygenases conferring tolerance to 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and genes encoding Dicamba monooxygenases conferring tolerance to dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid).
  • ALS acetolactate synthase
  • W02007/024782 e.g., W02007/024782
  • a mutated Arabidopsis ALS/AHAS gene e.g., U.S. Patent 6,855,533
  • genes encoding 2,4-D-monooxygenases conferring tolerance to 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)
  • Yet another example of such properties is resistance to one or more phytop athogenic fungi, for example Asian Soybean Rust.
  • DNA sequences encoding proteins which confer properties of resistance to such diseases mention will particularly be made of the genetic material from glycine tomentella, for example from any one of publicly available accession lines PI441001, PI483224, PI583970, PI446958, PI499939, PI505220, PI499933, PI441008, PI505256 or PI446961 as described in W02019/103918.
  • SAR systemic acquired resistance
  • phytoalexins phytoalexins
  • elicitors resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins.
  • Crops may also be modified for enhanced resistance to fungal (for example Fusarium, Anthracnose, or Phytophthora), bacterial (for example Pseudomonas') or viral (for example potato leafroll virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus) pathogens.
  • fungal for example Fusarium, Anthracnose, or Phytophthora
  • bacterial for example Pseudomonas'
  • viral for example potato leafroll virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus
  • Crops also include those that have enhanced resistance to nematodes, such as the soybean cyst nematode.
  • transgenic events in transgenic plants or plant cultivars which can be treated in accordance with the invention include Event 531/ PV-GHBK04 (cotton, insect control, described in W02002/040677), Event 1143-14A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128569); Event 1143-5 IB (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128570); Event 1445 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US-A 2002- 120964 or W02002/034946); Event 17053 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9843, described in WO2010/117737); Event 17314 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9844, described in WO2010/1 17735); Event 281-24- 236 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-6233, described in W02005/103266 or US-A 2005-216969); Event 3006-210-23 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance,
  • Event BLRI (oilseed rape, restoration of male sterility, deposited as NCIMB 41193, described in W02005/074671), Event CE43-67B (cotton, insect control, deposited as DSM ACC2724, described in US-A-2009-217423 or W02006/128573); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A-2010-0024077); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128571); Event CE46- 02A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128572); Event COT102 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2006-130175 or W02004/039986); Event COT202 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A-2007-067868 or W02005/054479); Event COT203 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W
  • Event DP-356043-5 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8287, described in US-A 2010-0184079 or W02008/002872); Event EE-1 (brinjal, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 07/091277); Event Fil 17 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209031 , described in US-A 2006-059581 or W098/044140); Event FG72 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11041 , described in WO2011/063413), Event GA21 (com, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209033, described in US-A-2005-086719 or - T1 -
  • Event GG25 corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209032, described in US-A 2005-188434 or W098/044140
  • Event GHB119 cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8398, described in W02008/151780
  • Event GHB614 cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6878, described in US-A- 2010-050282 or W02007/017186
  • Event GJ11 corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209030, described in US-A 2005-188434 or WG98/044140
  • Event GM RZ13 sigar beet, virus resistance, deposited as NCIMB-41601, described in W02010/076212
  • Event H7-I sigar beet, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41158 or NCIMB 41159, described in US-A 2004-172669 or WO 2004/074492
  • Event JOPLINI w
  • Event DP-11226, WO2012/082548A2 Event DP- 061061-7 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, no deposit N° available, W02012071039AI), Event DP-073496-4 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, no deposit N° available, US2012131692), Event 8264.44.06.1 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, Accession N° PTA-11336, WO2012075426A2), Event 8291.45.36.2 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, Accession N°. PTA-11335, WO2012075429A2), Event SYHT0H2 (soybean, ATCC Accession N°.
  • Event MON88701 cotton, ATCC Accession N° PTA-11754, WO2012/134808AI
  • Event KK179-2 alfalfa, ATCC Accession N° PTA-11833, W02013/003558 Al
  • Event pD AB 8264.42.32.1 sibean, stacked herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession N° PTA-11993, WG2013/010094 Al
  • Event MZDT09Y Com, ATCC Accession N° PTA-13025, WO2013/012775AI.
  • transgenic event(s) is provided by the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and can be found on their website on the world wide web at aphis.usda.gov. For this application, the status of such list as it is/was on the filing date of this application, is relevant.
  • the genes/events which impart the desired traits in question may also be present in combination with one another in the transgenic plants.
  • transgenic plants which may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice, triticale, barley, rye, oats), maize, soya beans, potatoes, sugar beet, sugar cane, tomatoes, peas and other types of vegetable, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), with particular emphasis being given to maize, soya beans, wheat, rice, potatoes, cotton, sugar cane, tobacco and oilseed rape.
  • Traits which are particularly emphasized are the increased resistance of the plants to insects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails, as well as the increased resistance of the plants to one or more herbicides.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the invention are those plants which are resistant to one or more abiotic stresses, i.e., that already exhibit an increased plant health with respect to stress tolerance.
  • Abiotic stress conditions may include, for example, drought, cold temperature exposure, heat exposure, osmotic stress, flooding, increased soil salinity, increased mineral exposure, ozone exposure, high light exposure, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, shade avoidance.
  • the treatment of these plants and cultivars with the composition of the present invention additionally increases the overall plant health.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the present disclosure are those plants characterized by enhanced yield characteristics i.e., that already exhibit an increased plant health with respect to this feature. Increased yield in said plants can be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation.
  • Yield can furthermore be affected by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including but not limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, internode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, seed number per pod or ear, seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance.
  • Further yield traits include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in anti -nutritional compounds, improved processability and better storage stability.
  • the treatment of these plants and cultivars with the composition of the present invention additionally increases the overall plant health.
  • Examples of the above-mentioned insect and acari pests include: pests from the phylum of the Arthropoda, in particular from the class of the Arachnida, for example Acarus spp., for example Acarus siro, Aceria kuko. Aceria sheldoni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., for example Aculus fockeui. o Aculus schlechlendctli. Amblyomma spp., Amphitetranychus viennensis. Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., for example Brevipalpus phoenicis, Bryobia graminum.
  • Bryobia praetiosa Centruroides spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides fctrinae. Dermacentor spp., Eotetranychus spp., for example Eotetranychus hicoriae. Epitrimerus pyri, Eutetranychus spp., for example Eutetranychus banksi.
  • Cylindr ocoptur us spp. Cylindrocopturus adspersus, Cylindr ocopturus fumissi. Dendroctonus spp., for example Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., for example Diabrotica balleala. Diabrotica barberi. Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica undecimpunctata how ardi. Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, or Diabrotica virgifera zeae, Dichocrocis spp., Dicladispa armigera.
  • Diloboderus spp. Disonycha xanthome las. family Elater idae. Epicaerus spp., Epicauta spp., Epilachna spp., for example Epilachna borealis, or Epilachna varivestis, Epitrix spp., for example Epitrix cucumeris, Epitrix fusciila, Epitrix hirlipennis, Epitrix subcrinila, or Epitrix tuber is, Faustinus spp., Gibbium psylloides, Gnathocerus comutus, Harmonia axyridis, Hellula undalis, Heteronychus arator, Heteronyx spp., Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypomeces squamosus, Hypothenemus spp., for example Hypothenemus hampei, Hypothenem
  • Geococcus coffeae, Glycaspis spp., Graphocephala versuta, Heteropsylla ctibana, Heteropsylla spinulosa, Homalodisca vitripennis, Hyalopterus arundinis, Hyalopterus pruni, Icerya spp., for example Icerya purchasi, Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax slrialellus, Lecanium spp., for example Lecanium comi ( Parthenolecanium comi), Lepidosaphes spp., for example Lepidosaphes tilmi.
  • Macrosiphum spp. for example Macrosiphum euphorbias. Macrosiphum lilii, Macrosiphum rosae, Macrosteles facifrons, Mahanarva spp., Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfiella spp., Metcalfa pruinosa, Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia coslalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus spp., for example Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus liguslri, Myzus omalus, Myzus persicae, or Myzus nicolianae, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Neomaskellia spp., Nephotettix spp., for example Nephotettix cincliceps,
  • Telragonocephela spp. Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp., for example Toxoptera aurantii, Toxoptera citricidus, Trialeurodes spp., for example Trialeurodes abutiloneus, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza spp., for example Triozadiospyri, Typhlocyba spp., Unaspis spp., Viteus vitifolii, Zygina spp.; from the suborder of the Heteroptera, for example Aelia spp., Anasa Irislis, Antestiopsis spp., Boisea spp., Blissus spp., Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida, Cavelerius spp., Chinavia hilaris, Cimex spp., for example Cimex adjunclu
  • Paratrioza spp. Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis. Phenacoccus spp., Phloeomyzus passer inii, Phorodon humuli. Phylloxera spp., Pinnaspis aspidistrae. Pianococcus spp., Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona.
  • Cnaphalocerus spp. Cnaphalocrocis medi nails, Cnephasia spp., Colias eurytheme, Conopomorpha spp., Conotrachelus spp., Copitarsia spp., Cydia spp., for example Cydia nigricana. Cydia pomonella, Dalaca nocluides, Diaphania spp., Dipar op sis spp., Diatraea saccharalis, Dioryctria spp., for example Dioryctria skemani.
  • Earias spp. Ecdytolopha aiiranlium, Elasmopalpus lignose llus, Eldana saccharina, Ephestia spp., for example Ephestia elute Ila, Ephestia kuehniella, Epinotia spp., Epiphyas postvittana, Erannis spp., Erschoviella musculana, Etiella spp., Eudocima spp., Eulia spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., for example Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Euzophera semifuneralis, Evergestos rimosalis, Feltia spp., Galleria mellonella, Gracillaria spp., Grapholitha spp., for example Grapholita molesta
  • Ptorimaea operculella Pyrausta nubilalis. Rachiplusia mi, Schoenobius spp., for example Schoenobius bipunctifer, Scirpophaga spp., for example Scirpophaga innolala, or Scirpophaga incerlulas, Ontario sege um. Sesamia spp., for example Sesamia inferens. Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp., for example Spodoptera eradiana. Spodoptera exigua.
  • Dichroplus spp. Gryllotalpa spp., for example Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Hieroglyphus spp., Locusta spp., for example Locusta migraloria.
  • Melanoplus spp. for example Melanoplus devastator, Melanoplus differentials, or Melanoplus femurrubrum, Paratlanticus ussuriensis, or Schistocerca gregaria,' from the order of the Phthiraptera, for example Damalinia spp., Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phylloxera vastatrix, Phthirus pubis, or Trichodectes spp.; from the order of the Psocoptera, for example Lepinotus spp., Liposcelis spp.; from the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Ceratophyllus spp., Ctenocephalides spp., for example Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis,' from the order
  • Fepismodes inqui linns, or Thermobia domeslica from the class of the Symphyla, for example Scutigerella spp., for example Scutigerella immaculala pests from the phylum of the Mollusca, for example from the class of the Bivalvia, for example Dreissena spp., and also from the class of the Gastropoda, for example Arion spp., for example Arion ater ruflis. Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., for example Deroceras laeve.
  • Galba spp. Fymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Pomacea spp., or Succinea spp.
  • plant pests from the phylum of the Nematoda i.e., phytoparasitic nematodes, in particular Aglenchus spp., for example Aglenchus agricola, Anguina spp., for example Anguina tritici, Aphelenchoides spp., for example Aphelenchoides arachidis, or Aphelenchoides fragariae
  • Belonolaimus spp. for example Belonolaimus gracilis, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Belonolaimus nortoni, Bursaphelenchus spp., for example Bursaphelenchus cocophilus, Bursaphelenchus er emus, Bursaphelenchus x
  • the useful plants are cereals
  • the plant pest comprises at least one of Diabrotica speciosa, Erthesina fullo, Meloidogyne graminicola, Schizaphis graminum, Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, or Metopolophium dirhodum.
  • the useful plants are cereals
  • the compositions comprise an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) one or more insecticides selected from abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, Bacillus thuringiensis, bifenthrin, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, clothianidin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha- cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, dimethoate, dimpropyridaz, dinotefuran, esfenvalerate, ethi
  • the useful plants are corn or sorghum
  • the plant pest comprises at least one of Oligonychus pratensis, Tetranychus urticae, Agriotes linneatus, Chaetocnema pulicaria, Diabrotica spp., preferably Diabrotica barber i, Diabrotica speciosa, o Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, Melanotus communis, Sphenophorous maidis, Delia platura, Dalbulus maidis, Erthesina fullo, Rhopalosiphum spp., preferably Rhopalosiphum maidis, or Rhopalosiphum padi, Dichelops melacanthus, Agrotis ipsilon, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Helicoverpa spp., preferably Helicoverpa armigera, or Helicoverpa zea, Ostrinia nubilalis, Spodoptera frugiperda
  • the useful plant is corn or sorghum
  • the compositions comprise an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) one or more insecticides selected from abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, Beauveria bassiana, bifenthrin, broflanilide, carbofuran, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, clothianidin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyproflanilide, deltamethrin, emam
  • the useful plant is cotton, and the plant pest comprises at least one of Tetranychus urlicae. Anthonomus grandis; Diabrotica speciosa. Aphis spp., preferably Aphis craccivora. or Aphis gossypii, Bemisia spp., preferably Bemisia argentifolii and Bemisia [abaci , Myzus persicae.
  • Trialeurodes spp. preferably Trialeurodes abutiloneus and Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Erthesina fullo, Euschistus heros, Helicoverpa armigera. Pectinophora gossypiella.
  • the useful plant is cotton
  • the compositions comprise an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) one or more insecticides selected from abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, afidopyropen, aldicarb, azadirachtin, Bacillus ihuringiensis. Beauveria bassiana.
  • the useful plants are oilseed rape
  • the plant pest comprises at least one of Ceutorhynchus spp., preferably Ceutorhynchus assimilis, Ceutorhynchus napi Gy IL Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus, Ceutorhynchus picitarsis, Ceutorhynchus quadridens or Ceutorhynchus rapae, Diabrotica speciosa. Meligethes aeneus.
  • the useful plants are oilseed rape
  • the compositions comprise an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) one or more insecticides selected from acephate, acetamiprid, bifenthrin, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda- cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin
  • the useful plants are perennial crops, and the plant pest comprises at least one of Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urlicae. Altica chalybea. Diabrotica speciosa, Harmonia axyridis, Hypothenemus hampei, Leucopter a coffeella, Otiorhynchus spp., preferably Otiorhynchus cribricollis, Otiorhynchus sulcalus, Popillia japonica, Anastrepha spp., for exampl Q Anastrepha fraterculus, Anastrepha ludens, Anastrepha obliqua, Bactrocera spp., for example Bactrocera correcta, Bactrocera cucurbilae, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera oleae, Bactrocera tyroni, Bactrocera zonata, Drosophila suzukii, Aonidiella
  • the useful plants are perennials, and the compositions comprise an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) one or more insecticides selected from abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, afidopyropen, aldicarb, amitraz, azadirachtin, azocyclotin, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus thuringiensis kurslaki, bifenazate, bifenthrin, buprofezin, cartap hydrochloride, clofentezine, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole, cyhexatin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, gamma-cyhalothr
  • the useful plant is coffee
  • the plant pest comprises at least one of Coccus viridis. Erthesina jullo, Hypothenemus hampei. Leucoptera coffee Ila. Toxoptera auranlii. or Xylotrechus quadripes.
  • the useful plant is coffee
  • the compositions comprise an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) one or more insecticides selected from abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, azadirachtin, bifenthrin, cartap hydrochloride, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenaypyr, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cyantraniliprole, beta- cyfluthrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, diflubenzuron, dinotefuran, esfenval erate, ethiprole, fenitrothion
  • the useful plants are fruit trees, and the plant pest comprises at least one of Otiorhynchus spp., preferably Otiorhynchus cribricollis.
  • Bactrocera dorsalis Bactrocera oleae, Bactrocera tyroni, Bactrocera zonata, Aonidiella spp., preferably Aonidiella auranlii. Aonidiella cilrina. Aonidiella inomala. Aspidiotus nerii.
  • Cacopsylla spp. preferably Cacopsylla pyri, or Cacopsylla pyricola, Erthesina fullo, Euphyllura olivina. Graphocephala versula.
  • the useful plants are fruit trees
  • the compositions comprise an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) one or more insecticides selected from abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, afidopyropen, aldicarb, amitraz, azocyclotin, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus thuringiensis kurslaki.
  • the useful crops are grapes
  • the plant pest comprises at least one of Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urlicae. Altica chalybea. Diabrotica speciosa. Harmonia axyridis, Popillia japonica. Drosophila suzukii. Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, Draeculacephala spp., Empoasca fabae.
  • the useful plants are grapes
  • the compositions comprise an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) one or more insecticides selected from abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, bifenazate, bifenthrin, buprofezin, clofentezine, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha- cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, diazinon
  • the useful plant is rice
  • the plant pest comprises at least one of Diabrotica speciosa, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Oulema oryzae, Agromyza oryzae, Chlor ops oryzae, Erthesina fullo, Nephotettix virescens. Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, Oebalus pugnax, Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, or Scirpophaga incertulas.
  • the useful plants are rice, and the compositions comprise an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) one or more insecticides selected from abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, Bacillus ihuringiensis. Beauveria bassiana.
  • the useful plant is soybean, and the plant pest comprises at least one of Tetranychus urlicae. Cerotoma Irifurcala. Diabrotica speciosa, Popillia japonica. Aphis glycine, Erthesina fullo, Chinavia hilar is, Dichelops melacanthus, Euschistus spp., preferably Euschistus heros or Euschistus servus, Nezara viridula, Piezodorus guildinii, Spissistilus festinus, Agrotis ipsilon, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Helicoverpa zea, Plathypena scabra, Pseudoplusia includens, Spodoptera frugiperda, Melanoplus spp., preferably Melanoplus differentialis or Melanoplus femurrubrum, or Heterodera glycines
  • the useful plant is soybean
  • the compositions comprise an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) one or more insecticides selected from abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid. afidopyropen, Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana.
  • the plant is soybean
  • the plant pest is Euschistus heros and the at least one additional insecticide (B) comprises at least one of acephate, acetamiprid, bifenthrin, ethiprole, imidacloprid, malathion, or thiamethoxam.
  • the crop is soybean
  • the plant pest is Nezara viridula and the at least one additional insecticide (B) comprises at least one of bifenthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, or thiamethoxam.
  • the useful plants are Vegetables
  • the plant pest comprises at least one of Tetranychus urlicae. Acalymma vittatum, Cerotoma Irifurcala, Crioceris asparagi, Crioceris duodecimpunctata, Diabrotica spp., for example, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica undecimpunctata how ardi, Disonycha xanthome las. family Elater idae. Epicauta spp., Epilachna varivestis, Epitrix spp., for example Epitrix cucumeris. Epitrix fusciila. Leptinotarsa decemlineala.
  • Listronotus oregonensis Metriona bicolor, Phyllotreta cruciferae, Phyllotreta slriolala, family Scarabaeidae, Systena spp., Systena blanda, Delia anliqua, Delia platura, Delia radicum, Liriomyza sativae, Ophiomyia simplex, Pegomya hyoscyami, Phytomyza gymnostoma, Tritoxa flexa, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis spp., for example, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Empoasca fabae, Erthesina fullo, Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae, Anasa tristis, Halyomorpha halys, Lygus lineolar
  • the useful plants are vegetables
  • the compositions comprise an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) one or more insecticides selected from abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, afidopyropen, aldicarb, amitraz, azocyclotin, Bacillus ihuringiensis. Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizaw ai.
  • the useful plant is selected from Solanum lycopersicum. preferably tomato, Capsicum annuum. preferably pepper, bell pepper and sweet pepper or Solanum melongena, preferably, eggplant, and the plant pest comprises at least one of Tetranychus urlicae. Diabrotica speciosa. Epitrix cucumeris. Epitrix fuscula. Leptinotarsa decemlineala, Systena blanda. Erthesina fullo, Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Myzus persicae. Halyomorpha halys, Lygus lineolaris. family Pentomidae, family Aleyrodidae.
  • Helicoverpa zea Manduca sex la, Manduca quinquemaculala. Ostrinia nubilalis. Peridroma saucia. Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda, or Tuta absoluta; in some embodiments, the vegetable plant is tomato and the pest is selected from Leptinotarsa decemlineala. Halyomorpha halys, Spodoptera exigua, or Tuta absoluta.
  • the useful plant is selected from Phaseolus spp., Vicia faba, or Pisum sativum and the plant pest comprises at least one of Tetranychus urlicae, Cerotoma trifurcata, Diabrotica speciosa, Epilachna varivestis, Delia platura, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis fabae, Empoasca fabae, Erthesina fullo, Halyomorpha halys, Colias eurytheme, Helicoverpa zea, Ostrinia nubilalis, or Plathypena scabra.
  • the pest is at least one of Diabrotica speciosa, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis fabae, or Halyomorpha halys.
  • the useful plant is Brassica oleracea
  • the useful plant is Cucurbita spp.
  • the plant pest comprises at least one of Tetranychus urticae, Acalymma vittatum, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, Aphis gossypii, Erthesina fullo, Anasa tristis, Melittia cucurbitae, or Trichoplusia ni.
  • the useful plant is selected from Ipomoea batatas, preferably sweet potato, Asparagus officinalis, preferably asparagus, and Allium cepa, preferably, onion
  • the plant pest comprises at least one member selected from Crioceris asparagi, Crioceris duodecimpunctata, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, family Elateridae, Metriona bicolor, family Scarabaeidae, Systena spp., Systena blanda, Delia antiqua, Erthesina fullo, Ophiomyia simplex, Phytomyza gymnostoma, Tritoxa flexa, Brachycorynella asparagi, Agrotis ipsilon, family Noctuidae, or Thrips tabaci.
  • the useful plant is Spinacia oleracea, preferably spinach, Lactuca sativa, preferably lettuce, or Daucus carota, preferably carrots
  • the plant pest comprises at least one member selected from Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, Disonycha xanthomelas, Listronotus oregonensis, Systena blanda, Liriomyza sativae, Pegomya hyoscyami, Erthesina fullo, Myzus persicae, Lygus lineolaris, Macrosteles quadrilineatus, Helicoverpa zea, family Noctuidae, Spodoptera exigua, or Trichoplusia ni.
  • the useful plant is Solatium tuberosum, preferably potato, and the plant pest comprises at least one member selected from Tetranychus urlicae, Diabrotica speciosa, family Elateridae, Epicauta spp., Epitrix spp., Leptinotarsa decemliueala, Delia platura, Empoasca fabae, Erthesina fullo, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae, Agrotis ipsilou, Manduca spp. and Ptorimaea operculella, preferably, the pest is selected from Diabrotica speciosa, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, or Myzus persicae .
  • compositions of the present disclosure comprise pelargonic acid, optionally including derivatives thereof, and one or more additional insecticides, a liquid or solid carrier and, optionally, one or more customary formulation auxiliaries, which may be liquid or solid, for example surfactants, antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, clays, inorganic compounds, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers as well as attractants, including pheromones, such as dodecyl acetate.
  • customary formulation auxiliaries which may be liquid or solid, for example surfactants, antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, clays, inorganic compounds, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers as well as attractants, including pheromones, such as dodecyl acetate.
  • composition may also further comprise a fertilizer, a micronutrient donor or other preparations which influence the growth of plants.
  • the pelargonic acid and insecticide compositions are foliarly applied to the useful plants.
  • foliar formulation types for pre-mix compositions are GR: Granules; WP: wettable powders; WG: water dispersible granules (powders); SG: water soluble granules; SL: soluble concentrates; EC: emulsifiable concentrate; EW: emulsions, oil in water; ME: microemulsion; SC: aqueous suspension concentrate; CS: aqueous capsule suspension; OD: oilbased suspension concentrate, and SE: aqueous suspo-emulsion.
  • GR Granules
  • WP wettable powders
  • WG water dispersible granules (powders)
  • SG water soluble granules
  • SL soluble concentrates
  • EC emulsifiable concentrate
  • EW emulsions, oil in water
  • ME microemulsion
  • SC aqueous suspension concentrate
  • CS aqueous capsule suspension
  • OD oilbased suspension
  • the type of pelargonic acid and insecticide composition is to be selected to suit the intended aims and the prevailing circumstances.
  • compositions according to the invention are known per se.
  • liquid carriers there may be used: water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oils, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydrides, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butylene carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl esters of acetic acid, diacetone alcohol, 1,2-di chloropropane, diethanolamine, p- di ethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, a,a-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-di oxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzo
  • Suitable solid carriers are, for example, talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed husks, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, ground walnut shells, lignin and similar substances.
  • surfactants may advantageously be used in both liquid and solid formulations, especially in those formulations which may be diluted with a carrier prior to use.
  • Surfactants may be anionic, cationic, non-ionic or polymeric and they may be used as emulsifiers, wetting agents or suspending agents or for other purposes.
  • Typical surfactants include, for example, salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate; salts of alkylarylsulfonates, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; alkylphenol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate; alcohol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; siloxanes, silicones, silanes, silicates and siliconates; soaps, such as sodium stearate; salts of alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate; dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts, such as sodium di(2- ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as la
  • compositions according to the invention may include an additive comprising an oil of vegetable or animal origin, a mineral oil, alkyl esters of such oils or mixtures of such oils and oil derivatives.
  • the amount of oil additive, when present, in the composition according to the invention is generally from 0.01 to 10 %, based on the mixture to be applied.
  • the oil additive may be added to a spray tank in the desired concentration after a spray mixture has been prepared.
  • Preferred oil additives comprise mineral oils or an oil of vegetable origin, for example rapeseed oil, olive oil or sunflower oil, emulsified vegetable oil, alkyl esters of oils of vegetable origin, for example the methyl derivatives, or an oil of animal origin, such as fish oil or beef tallow.
  • Preferred oil additives comprise alkyl esters of C8-C22 fatty acids, especially the methyl derivatives of C12-C18 fatty acids, for example the methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid (methyl laurate, methyl palmitate and methyl oleate, respectively).
  • Many oil derivatives are known from the Compendium of Herbicide Adjuvants, 10th Edition, Southern Illinois University, 2010.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure include applying the pelargonic acid compositions to plant propagation materials, of a useful plant, plant propagation materials treated with pelargonic acid compositions, and to methods according to the present disclosure, which comprise applying a pelargonic acid composition to the plant propagation materials.
  • propagation material of a plant can be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant, such as seeds, which can be used for the multiplication of the latter including vegetative plant material such as cuttings.
  • vegetative plant material such as cuttings.
  • the plant propagation material can be treated with the pelargonic acid compositions before the material is sown or planted.
  • the plant propagation material may be treated with the pelargonic acid compositions during sowing or planting.
  • the pelargonic acid compositions may be applied to the previously treated propagation material before or during its planting.
  • the pelargonic acid compositions may be applied during the sowing of the seed.
  • the pelargonic acid compositions may also be used to plant propagation material derived from plants grown in a green house and/or during transplantation.
  • the plant propagation material is plant seeds.
  • seed treatment generally refers to application of a material to a seed prior to or during the time it is planted in soil to improve the handling characteristics of the seed, protect the seed prior to germination, support the germination and/or support the growth of the resulting plant.
  • Some seed treatments are employed solely for the purpose of improving the handling characteristics or other physical characteristics of seeds and include no agricultural active ingredients.
  • Other seed treatments bind one or more active ingredients to seeds for various beneficial purposes.
  • seed treatments that include one or more active ingredients are commonly used to ensure uniform stand establishment by protecting against soilbome diseases and insects. Typical examples include the application of pesticides such as fungicides, insecticides and plant growth regulators.
  • the seed treatment composition may also comprise or may be applied together and/or sequentially with further active compounds.
  • These further compounds can be fertilizers or micronutrient donors or other preparations that influence plant growth, such as inoculants.
  • pelargonic acid is applied to seeds of the useful plants in an amount of from 0.3 grams of pelargonic acid/ton of seeds (g/t) to 100 g/t, preferably from 0.3 to 80 g/t.
  • the methods of application such as foliar, drench, spraying, atomizing, dusting, scattering, coating or pouring, are chosen in accordance with the intended objectives and the prevailing circumstances.
  • the pre-mix compositions comprise 0.1 to 99%, especially 15 to 90%, of pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and 0 to 99.9% of at least one liquid or solid carrier, and 0 to 35%, especially 0.1 to 20%, of the composition to be formulation auxiliaries., e.g., surfactants (% in each case meaning percent by weight in the pre-mix composition).
  • a spray mix or spray tank formulation for foliar or soil application comprises 0.05 to 20%, especially 0.1 to 15 %, of pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and 99.95 to 80 %, especially 99.9 to 85 %, of a liquid carrier, and 0 to 20 %, especially 0.1 to 15 %, of formulation auxiliaries, e.g., surfactants (% in each case meaning percent by weight in the tank-mix composition).
  • formulation auxiliaries e.g., surfactants (% in each case meaning percent by weight in the tank-mix composition).
  • the rates of application vary and depend on the method of application, the crop plant, the pest to be controlled, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop.
  • sprayable mixtures of the pelargonic acid compositions are prepared at a concentration that, when applied at a given spray rate, delivers pelargonic acid to the plants in an amount of at least about 150 g/ha (active ingredient in grams per hectare), typically at least about 200 g/ha and more typically at least about 240 g/ha.
  • the compositions of pelargonic acid in mixture with one or more insecticides is applied at a dilution containing pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, at less than about 4,000 g/ha, preferably less than about 2500 g/ha, more preferably less than about 1,300 g/ha, most preferably less than about 1000 g/ha.
  • the compositions of the present disclosure are provided at a dilution containing the pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, at between about 150 and about 4,000 g/ha, preferably between about 200 and about 2,500 g/ha, most preferably between about 240 and about 1,000 g/ha.
  • phytotoxicity e.g., leaf scorching
  • the arthropodicidal e.g., insecticidal and acaricidal
  • effectiveness decreases when used alone and in certain mixtures.
  • compositions have been demonstrated to have low phytotoxicity, e.g., exhibiting zero or acceptable leaf scorching, at rates of e.g., 2,500 g/ha or even up to 4,000 g/ha of pelargonic acid in combination with at least one additional insecticide depending on the crop and its growth stage.
  • the present disclosure relates to compositions of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and (B) at least one additional insecticide, and the application of these compositions to a pest, to a locus of a pest, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest.
  • the at least one additional insecticide (B) may be used at lower rates than would be required for the same level of pest control by (B) in the absence of pelargonic acid. In a further embodiment, the at least one additional insecticide (B) is used at lower rates than would be required for the same level of pest control by (B) in the absence of pelargonic acid.
  • the present disclosure relates to a composition for the control of plant pests, comprising (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and (B) at least one additional insecticide.
  • the plant pest is an insect, an arachnid, or a nematode.
  • the at least one additional insecticide (B) is used at lower rates than would be required for the same level of pest control by (B) in the absence of pelargonic acid.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method of controlling pests, preferably insect, acari, or nematode pests, on useful plants, which comprises applying, in any desired sequence or simultaneously, an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) at least one additional insecticide, to a pest, to a locus of a pest, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest.
  • the at least one additional insecticide (B) is used at lower rates than would be required for the same level of pest control by (B) in the absence of pelargonic acid.
  • the pelargonic acid and the at least one additional insecticide are preferably used at a dilution, e.g., those dilutions referenced above, to provide effective insecticidal/acaricidal/nematicidal properties coupled with low phytotoxicity.
  • the methods according to the present disclosure relate to the killing of specific pests such as insect, acari, and/or nematode pests.
  • the present disclosure relates to method for controlling or preventing damage to a plant, which comprises applying, in any desired sequence or simultaneously, on the plant, the locus thereof or its propagation materials, (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and (B) at least one additional insecticide to a plant.
  • the pelargonic acid and the at least one additional insecticide are preferably used at a dilution, e.g., those dilutions referenced above, to provide effective insecticidal/acaricidal/nematicidal properties coupled with low phytotoxicity.
  • the at least one additional insecticide (B) is used at lower rates than would be required for the same level of pest control by (B) in the absence of pelargonic acid.
  • the present disclosure relates to the use of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and (B) at least one additional insecticide for controlling and/or preventing damage by infestation of pests, wherein the pests comprise an insect, an arachnid, or a nematode.
  • the pelargonic acid and the at least one additional insecticide are preferably used at a dilution, e.g., those dilutions referenced above, to provide effective insecticidal/acaricidal/nematicidal properties coupled with low phytotoxicity.
  • the present disclosure relates to the use of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and (B) at least one additional insecticide in the manufacture of a composition for controlling and/or preventing damage by infestation of pests, wherein the plant comprise an insect, an arachnid, or a nematode.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method for protecting seed or a germinating plant from pests, comprising a step in which the seed is contacted with a composition of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and (B) at least one additional insecticide, wherein the pest comprises an insect, an arachnid, or a nematode.
  • the present disclosure relates to a seed coated with a composition comprising (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and (B) at least one additional insecticide.
  • the present disclosure relates to the use of compositions of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and (B) at least one additional insecticide, in an insecticidally effective amount on useful plants, for controlling or preventing damage of useful plants by Aphis spp., and to methods for controlling or preventing damage of useful plants by Aphis spp., comprising applying, in any desired sequence or simultaneously, an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) at least one additional insecticide, wherein the useful plants are selected from cotton, soybean, Cucurbita spp., Phaseolus spp., Vicia faba or Pisum sativum.
  • Aphis spp. include Aphis cilricola. Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis glycines, Aphis gossypii, Aphis hederae. Aphis illinoisensis. Aphis middleloni. Aphis naslurlii. Aphis nerii. Aphis pomi, Aphis spiraecola and Aphis vibumiphila.
  • Aphis spp. is Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis glycines or Aphis gossypii.
  • the at least one additional insecticide (B) is used at lower rates than would be required for the same level of pest control by (B) in the absence of pelargonic acid.
  • the present disclosure relates to the use of compositions comprising an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) at least one additional insecticide, on useful plants, for controlling or preventing damage of useful plants by Diabrotica spp., and to methods for controlling or preventing damage of useful plants by Diabrotica spp., comprising applying, in any desired sequence or simultaneously, an insecticidally effective amount of pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount at least one additional insecticide, preferably when the Diabrotica spp.
  • the useful plants are selected from cereals, corn, cotton, grapes, oilseed rape, rice, soybean or vegetables including Solanum lycopersicum, preferably tomato, Capsicum annuum, preferably pepper, bell pepper and sweet pepper or Solanum melongena, preferably, eggplant, Phaseolus spp., Vicia faba or Pisum sativum, Brassica oleracea, Cucurbita spp., Ipomoea batatas, preferably sweet potato, Asparagus officinalis, preferably asparagus, and Allium cepa, preferably, onion, Spinacia oleracea, preferably spinach, Lactuca saliva., preferably lettuce, and Daucus carota, preferably carrots, and Solanum tuberosum, preferably potato.
  • Solanum lycopersicum preferably tomato, Capsicum annuum, preferably pepper, bell pepper and sweet pepper or Solanum melongena, preferably, eggplant, Phaseolus spp
  • Diabrotica spp. includes Diabrotica balleala, Diabrotica barberi, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica undecimpunctata how ardi, Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and Diabrotica virgifera zeae.
  • the at least one additional insecticide (B) is used at lower rates than would be required for the same level of pest control by (B) in the absence of pelargonic acid.
  • the present disclosure relates to the use of compositions of an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) at least one additional insecticide, on useful plants, for controlling or preventing damage of useful plants by Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and to methods for controlling or preventing damage of useful plants by Leptinotarsa decemlineata, comprising applying, in any desired sequence or simultaneously, an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) at least one additional insecticide, preferably when the Leptinotarsa decemlineata are present, wherein the useful plants are vegetables selected from Solanum lycopersicum, preferably tomato, Capsicum annuum, preferably pepper, bell pepper and sweet pepper, Solanum melongena, preferably, eggplant, or Solanum tuberosum, preferably potato.
  • the present disclosure relates to the use of compositions of an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount (B) at least one additional insecticide, on useful plants, for controlling or preventing damage of useful plants by Myzus persicae, and to methods for controlling or preventing damage of useful plants by Myzus persicae, comprising applying, in any desired sequence or simultaneously, an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) at least one additional insecticide, preferably when the Myzus persicae are present, wherein the useful plants are selected from cotton, oilseed rape, or vegetables including Solanum lycopersicum, preferably tomato, Capsicum annuum, preferably pepper, bell pepper and sweet pepper, Solanum melongena, preferably, eggplant, Brassica oleracea, Spinacia oleracea, preferably spinach, Lactuca
  • the present disclosure relates to the use of compositions of an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) at least one additional insecticide, on useful plants, for controlling or preventing damage of useful plants by Spodoptera spp., and to methods for controlling or preventing damage of useful plants by Spodoptera spp., comprising applying, in any desired sequence or simultaneously, an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) at least one additional insecticide, preferably when the Spodoptera spp.
  • the useful plants are selected from Corn, Sorghum or Vegetables including Solanum lycopersicum, preferably tomato, Capsicum annuum, preferably pepper, bell pepper and sweet pepper, Solanum melongena, preferably, eggplant, Brassica oleracea, Spinacia oleracea, Lactuca sativa and Daucus car ota.
  • Spodoptera spp. include Spodoptera eradiana, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera praefica.
  • Spodoptera spp. is Spodoptera exigua or Spodoptera frugiperda.
  • the at least one additional insecticide (B) is used at lower rates than would be required for the same level of pest control by (B) in the absence of pelargonic acid.
  • the present disclosure relates to the use of compositions of an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) at least one additional insecticide, on useful plants, for controlling or preventing damage of useful plants by Tetranychus urticae, and to methods for controlling or preventing damage of useful plants by Tetranychus urticae, comprising applying, in any desired sequence or simultaneously, an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) at least one additional insecticide, preferably when the Tetranychus urticae are present, wherein the useful plants are selected from Com, Cotton, Fruit trees, Sorghum, Soybean or Vegetables including Solatium lycopersicum, preferably tomato, Capsicum annuum, preferably pepper, bell pepper and sweet pepper, Solatium melongena, preferably, eggplant, Phaseolus spp., Vicia
  • Combinations of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and (B) at least one additional insecticide (i.e., other than pelargonic acid) may also have further surprising advantages which may also be described, in a wider sense, as super-additive (“synergistic”) effects.
  • benefits may include reduced application rates, broadening the spectrum of activity, prolonging the duration of action, increasing the rate of action, and/or preventing evolution of resistance.
  • the expression “combination” stands for the insecticidal combinations of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and (B) at least one additional insecticide, for example in a single “ready-mix” or “pre-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active compounds, such as a “tankmix”, and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e., one after the other within a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days, e.g.; 2 hours to 7 days.
  • the order of applying the pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and the at least one additional insecticide is not essential for working the present invention and, unless otherwise specified, may be applied in any desired sequence or simultaneously. Accordingly, the term “combination” also encompasses the presence of a pelargonic acid composition and the at least one additional insecticide on a plant that has been treated.
  • the ratio of (A) pelargonic acid and (B) the at least one additional insecticide is selected such that, when applied to the useful plants, the pelargonic acid and the at least one additional insecticide are delivered at their respective desired rates, e.g., as taught on a product label or as may be determined by one experienced in the field, required for pest control. Because the application rates for the additional insecticidally active agents may vary greatly from one another, the general ratios of pelargonic acid to the at least one additional insecticide also may vary greatly.
  • compositions comprising mixtures of (A) pelargonic acid, and derivatives thereof, with (B) at least one additional insecticide described above comprise (A) pelargonic acid and (B) the at least one additional insecticide as described above preferably in a ratio of 10,000: 1 to 1 : 10,000, 1000:1 to 1 : 1000, 500: 1 to 1 :500, 400:1 to 1 :400, 250: 1 to 1 :250, 125: 1 to 1 : 125, 100: 1 to 1 : 100, 50: 1 to 1 :50, 40: 1 to 1 :40, 31.25: 1 to 1 :31.25, 20: 1 to 1 :20, 12: 1 to 1 : 12, 10: 1 to 1 : 10; 5:1 to 1 :5; 3: 1 to 1 :3, 2.5: 1 to 1 :2.5, 2: 1 to 1 :2, 1 :0.625 to 0.625: 1, or 1 :0.75 to 0.75: 1 by weight. All ranges between the endpoints are also
  • the combinations comprising mixtures of pelargonic acid and the at least one additional insecticide, as described above, may be applied, for example, in a single “ready -mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active agent components, such as a “tank-mix”, and in a combined use of (A) a pelargonic acid, or derivative thereof, and (B) a separate composition comprising the additional insecticide when applied in a sequential manner, i.e., one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days.
  • the order of applying the pelargonic acid, or derivative thereof, and the additional insecticide as described above is not essential for working the present invention.
  • a preferred method of application in the field of crop protection is application to the foliage of the plants (foliar application), it being possible to select frequency and rate of application to match the danger of infestation with the pest in question.
  • compositions and combinations, as described herein, containing (A) pelargonic acid and (B) the at least one additional insecticide may be prepared at concentrations that, when applied at a given spray rate, delivers pelargonic acid to the plants in an amount of from 150 to 6,500 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g/ha) and the at least one additional insecticide (B) in the amounts set forth in Table 1.
  • the rates and ratios may vary based on target pests, pest pressure etc., and may be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
  • compositions and combinations, as described herein, include ternary, and higher, mixtures containing (A) pelargonic acid and (B) two or more additional insecticides. These compositions may be prepared at concentrations that, when applied at a given spray rate, delivers pelargonic acid to the plants in an amount of from 150 to 6,500 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g a.i./ha).
  • Some representative combinations of two additional insecticides (B 1 and B2) and their application rates (g a.i./ha) are set forth in Table 2. The rates and ratios may vary based on target pests, pest pressure etc. and may be readily determined by one skilled in the art. Table 2: Preferred Dose Rate ranges of Insecticides (Bl and B2)
  • X % activity by first active ingredient using p ppm of the active ingredient
  • Y % activity by second active ingredient using q ppm of the active ingredient.
  • synergism corresponds to a positive value for the difference of (O-E).
  • expected activity said difference (O-E) is zero.
  • a negative value of said difference (O-E) signals a loss of activity compared to the expected activity.
  • DAAX The number of Days After Application X (e.g., application 1, 2 ).
  • PAI an EC formulation containing 650 g/L of pelargonic acid (e.g., 685 g/L of 95% purity pelargonic acid), an anionic emulsifier and a branched fatty acid ester solvent.
  • PA/TMX an EC formulation containing 420 g/L pelargonic acid and 10 g/L thiamethoxam
  • %UNCK percent of untreated check, i.e., % efficacy
  • Grain Aphids (Sitobion avenae) were reared on T. aestivum plants in the greenhouse. Aphids were tested on T. aestivum leaves placed on 1% agar petriplates. Solutions were prepared freshly before testing by adding the compounds to water, lOul of total solution was prepared for each treatment. Aphids were treated using a cotton wick and forceps, solutions were applied on the insects back from head to abdomen.
  • Stink Bug trials Four (4) replicates of the trial were conducted on soybean plants on 6* 10m plots. A water volume of 150 L/ha was used for each application (with the exception of Engeo Pleno where a water volume of 200 L/ha was used). Two applications were made at 7-day intervals. Application A was made at first symptoms. Three varieties of stink bug were present (Southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula), Soybean stink bug (Euschistus heros). and Green belly stink bug (Dichelops melacanlhus)) and the total count and % of efficacy compared to untreated check (%UNCK) are presented in Table 5.
  • Engeo Pleno thiamethoxam 141 + lambda cyhalothrin 106 g/L
  • Galil SC imidacloprid 250 g/L + bifenthrin 50 g/L Example 5
  • Tank mixtures of pelargonic acid (PAI) and malathion 1000EC (PAl+Mal) were prepared.
  • PAI pelargonic acid
  • PAl+Mal malathion 1000EC
  • Table 7 shows % of efficacy compared to untreated check (%UNCK).
  • Tank mixtures of pelargonic acid (PAI) and a Bifenthrin 100EC (PAl+Bif) were prepared.
  • PAI pelargonic acid
  • PAl+Bif Bifenthrin 100EC
  • Galil SC imidacloprid 250 + bifenthrin 50 g/L
  • Tank mixtures of pelargonic acid (PAI) and ethiprole (Curbix 200SC) (PAl+Eth) were prepared.
  • PAI pelargonic acid
  • ethiprole Curbix 200SC
  • PAl+Eth ethiprole
  • Table 10 shows % of efficacy compared to untreated check (%UNCK).
  • Curbix 200 SC ethiprole 200 g/L
  • Tank mixtures of pelargonic acid (PAI) and ethiprole (Curbix 200SC) (PAl+Eth) were prepared.
  • PAI pelargonic acid
  • ethiprole Curbix 200SC
  • PAl+Eth ethiprole
  • Table 11 shows % of efficacy compared to untreated check (%UNCK).
  • Curbix 200 SC ethiprole 200 g/L
  • Tank mixtures of pelargonic acid (PAI) and bifenthrin (PAl+Bif) were prepared.
  • PAI pelargonic acid
  • PAl+Bif bifenthrin
  • Curbix 200 SC ethiprole 200 g/L
  • Hero zeta-cypermethrin 200 + bifenthrin 180 g/L
  • Engeo Pleno thiamethoxam 141 + Lambda cyhalothrin 106 g/L
  • Embodiment 1 is directed to a composition comprising (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and (B) at least one additional insecticidally active ingredient.
  • Embodiment 2 is directed to a composition according to Embodiment 1, wherein (B) comprises one or more insecticides selected from:
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors AChE inhibitors
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators Site 1;
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers (14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers
  • Botanical or animal derived agents Botanical or animal derived agents; and/or one or more biological pesticides selected from bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses, plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms, including proteins and secondary metabolites.
  • Embodiment 3 is directed to a composition according to Embodiments 1 or 2, wherein (B) comprises at least one member selected from abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, afidopyropen, azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus thuringiensis kurslaki. Bacillus firmus. Beauveria bassiana.
  • benzpyrimoxan bifenthrin, bistrifluron, broflanilide, carbosulfan, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, cyantraniliprole, Cydia pomonella Granulosis virus, lambda cyhalothrin, beta cyfluthrin, beta cypermethrin, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, dimpropyridaz, dinotefuran, emamectin benzoate, esfenvalerate, ethiprole, tau-flavulinate, flonicamid, fluazaindolizine, flupyrimin, fluxametamide, tau-fluvalinate, imidacloprid, isocy closeram, malathion, Metarhizium anisopliae.
  • Embodiment 4 is directed to a composition according to any of Embodiments 1 to 3, where (B) comprises two or more additional insecticides.
  • Embodiment 5 is directed to a composition according to any of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein (B) comprises acetamiprid + bifenthrin, acetamiprid + diafenthiuron, acetamiprid + isocy closeram, bifenthrin + ethiprole, bifenthrin + imidacloprid, bifenthrin + isocycloseram, bifenthrin + sulfoxaflor, chlorantraniliprole + emamectin benzoate, lambda cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam, ethiprole + nuvaluron, ethiprole + pyriproxifen, or isocycloseram + pyriproxifen.
  • (B) comprises acetamiprid + bifenthrin, acetamiprid + diafenthiuron, acetami
  • Embodiment 6 is directed to a composition according to any of Embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the ratio of (A) to (B) is from 10,000: 1 to 1 : 10,000, 1000: 1 to 1 : 1000, 500: 1 to 1 :500, 400: 1 to 1 :400, 250:1 to 1 :250, 125: 1 to 1 : 125, 100: 1 to 1: 100, 50:1 to 1 :50, 40: 1 to 1 :40, 31.25: 1 to 1 :31.25, 20: 1 to 1 :20, 12:1 to 1 :12, 10: 1 to 1 : 10; 5: 1 to 1 :5; 3: 1 to 1 :3, 2.5: 1 to 1 :2.5, 2: 1 to 1 :2, 1 :0.625 to 0.625: 1, or 1 :0.75 to 0.75: 1 by weight.
  • the ratio of (A) to (B) is from 10,000: 1 to 1 : 10,000, 1000: 1 to 1 : 1000, 500: 1 to 1
  • Embodiment 7 is directed to a method of controlling pests on useful plants, which comprises applying, in any desired sequence or simultaneously, an insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) at least one additional insecticidally active ingredient, to a pest, to a locus of a pest, to a plant part, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest, wherein the pest is an insect, an arachnid, or a nematode.
  • A insecticidally effective amount of (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, and an insecticidally effective amount of (B) at least one additional insecticidally active ingredient, to a pest, to a locus of a pest, to a plant part, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest, wherein the pest is an insect, an arachnid, or a nematode.
  • Embodiment 8 is directed to a method according to Embodiment 7, wherein (B) comprises one or more insecticides selected from:
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors (2) GABA-gated chloride channel blockers;
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators Site 1;
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers (14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers
  • Botanical or animal derived agents Botanical or animal derived agents; and/or one or more biological pesticides selected from bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses, plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms, including proteins and secondary metabolites.
  • Embodiment 9 is directed to a method according to Embodiment 7 or 8, wherein (B) comprises at least one member selected from abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, afidopyropen, azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus thuringiensis kurslaki. Bacillus firmus. Beauveria bassiana.
  • benzpyrimoxan bifenthrin, bistrifluron, broflanilide, carbosulfan, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, cyantraniliprole, Cydia pomonella Granulosis virus, lambda cyhalothrin, beta cyfluthrin, beta cypermethrin, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, dimpropyridaz, dinotefuran, emamectin benzoate, esfenvalerate, ethiprole, tau-flavulinate, flonicamid, fluazaindolizine, flupyrimin, fluxametamide, tau-fluvalinate, imidacloprid, isocy closeram, malathion, Metarhizium anisopliae.
  • Embodiment 10 is directed to a method according any of Embodiments 7 to 9, wherein the ratio of (A) to (B) is from 10,000: 1 to 1 : 10,000, 1000: 1 to 1: 1000, 500: 1 to 1 :500, 400: 1 to 1 :400, 250:1 to 1 :250, 125: 1 to 1 : 125, 100: 1 to 1: 100, 50:1 to 1 :50, 40: 1 to 1 :40, 31.25: 1 to 1 :31.25, 20: 1 to 1 :20, 12:1 to 1 :12, 10: 1 to 1 : 10; 5: 1 to 1 :5; 3: 1 to 1 :3, 2.5: 1 to 1 :2.5, 2: 1 to 1 :2, 1 :0.625 to 0.625: 1, or 1 :0.75 to 0.75: 1 by weight.
  • Embodiment 11 is directed to a method according to any of Embodiments 7 to 11, wherein the useful plants are cereals, and the plant pest comprises at least one of Diabrotica speciosa. Erthesina fullo, Meloidogyne graminicola. Schizaphis graminum. Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, or Metopolophium dirhodum: the useful plant is corn or sorghum, and the plant pest comprises at least one of Oligonychus pralensis. Tetranychus urlicae.
  • Diabrotica spp. Diabrotica barberi
  • Diabrotica speciosa Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
  • Melanotus communis Sphenophorous maidis, Delia platura, Dalbulus maidis, Erthesina fullo, Rhopalosiphum spp., Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Dichelops melacanthus, Agrotis ipsilon, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Helicoverpa spp., Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa zea, Ostrinia nubilalis, Spodoptera frugiperda, Striacosta albicosta, Frankliniella spp., Frankliniella occidentalis, o Frankliniella williamsi; the useful plant is cotton, and the plant pest comprises at least one of Tetranychus
  • the useful plant is oilseed rape
  • the plant pest comprises at least one of Ceutorhynchus spp., Ceutorhynchus assimilis, Ceutorhynchus napi Gy ll, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus, Ceutorhynchus picitarsis, Ceutorhynchus quadridens, Ceutorhynchus rapae, Diabrotica speciosa, Mel
  • Anastrepha spp. Anastrepha fraterculus, Anastrepha ludens, Anastrepha obliqua, Bactrocera spp., Bactrocera correcta, Bactrocera cucurbilae.
  • Leptinotarsa decemlineata Listronotus oregonensis, Metriona bicolor, Phyllotreta cruciferae, Phyllotreta striolata, family Scarabaeidae, Systena spp., Systena blanda, Delia antiqua, Delia platura, Delia radicum, Liriomyza sativae, Ophiomyia simplex, Pegomya hyoscyami, Phytomyza gymnostoma, Tritoxa flexa, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis spp., Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Empoasca fabae, Erthesina fullo, Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae, Anasa tristis, Halyomorpha haly
  • Embodiment 12 is directed to a method according to any of Embodiments 7-11, wherein the useful plant is selected from Solanum lycopersicum, preferably tomato, Capsicum annuum, preferably pepper, bell pepper and sweet pepper, or Solanum melongena, preferably, eggplant, and the plant pest comprises at least one of Tetranychus urticae, Diabrotica speciosa, Epitrix cucumeris, Epitrix fuscula, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Systena blanda, Erthesina fullo, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae, Halyomorpha halys, Lygus lineolaris, family Pentomidae, family Aleyrodidae, Helicoverpa zea, Manduca sexta, Manduca quinquemaculata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Peridroma saucia, Spodoptera exigua, Spodopter
  • the useful plant is selected from Ipomoea batatas, Asparagus officinalis, o Allium cepa, and the plant pest comprises at least one of Crioceris asparagi, Crioceris duodecimpunctata, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, family Elateridae, Metriona bicolor, family Scarabaeidae, Systena spp., Systena blanda, Delia antiqua, Erthesina fullo, Ophiomyia simplex, Phytomyza gymnostoma, Tritoxa flexa, Brachycorynella asparagi, Agrotis ips
  • Embodiment 13 is directed to a method according to any of Embodiments 7 to 12, which comprises applying the pelargonic acid composition to said plant as a foliar spray.
  • Embodiment 14 is directed to a method according to any of Embodiments 7 to 13, wherein (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, is present at a concentration that, when applied, delivers (A) pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof, to the plants in an amount of from about 150 to 4,000 g/ha, preferably from about 200 to 2,500 g/ha and most preferably from about 240 to 1,000 g/ha.
  • Embodiment 15 is directed to a method according to any of Embodiments 7 to 12, which comprises applying the pelargonic acid composition to plant propagation material of said plant.
  • Embodiment 16 is directed to a method according to any of Embodiments 7 to 12 or 15, wherein the plant propagation material is a seed of said plant and the composition is applied in an amount sufficient to deliver pelargonic acid to seeds in an amount from 0.3 to 100 g/t, preferably from 0.3 to 80 g/t.
  • Embodiment 17 is directed to a method according to any of Embodiments 7 to 16, where the plant exhibits low phytotoxicity following application of the pelargonic acid, or derivatives thereof.
  • any one of the embodiments described herein is contemplated to be able to combine with any other one or more embodiments, even though the embodiments are described, under different aspects of the invention.
  • the preceding general areas of utility are given by way of example only and are not intended to be limiting on the scope of the present disclosure and appended claims. Additional objects and advantages associated with the compounds, compositions, methods, and processes of the present invention will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the instant claims, description, and examples.
  • the various aspects and embodiments of the invention may be utilized in numerous combinations, all of which are expressly contemplated by the present description.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des mélanges d'acide pélargonique, ou de dérivés de ceux-ci, et d'un ou plusieurs ingrédients à activité insecticide supplémentaires et l'utilisation de compositions et de combinaisons de celles-ci pour lutter contre des organismes nuisibles dans des cultures de plantes utiles.
PCT/EP2024/070842 2023-08-01 2024-07-23 Mélanges insecticides Pending WO2025026815A1 (fr)

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