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WO2025024156A1 - Procédés, appareils et systèmes de sélection de faisceau sur la base d'un apprentissage non supervisé - Google Patents

Procédés, appareils et systèmes de sélection de faisceau sur la base d'un apprentissage non supervisé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025024156A1
WO2025024156A1 PCT/US2024/038084 US2024038084W WO2025024156A1 WO 2025024156 A1 WO2025024156 A1 WO 2025024156A1 US 2024038084 W US2024038084 W US 2024038084W WO 2025024156 A1 WO2025024156 A1 WO 2025024156A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wireless communication
signal
beam set
communication device
communication node
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English (en)
Inventor
Amit Kalhan
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Kyocera Corp
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Kyocera Corp
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H04B7/06952—Selecting one or more beams from a plurality of beams, e.g. beam training, management or sweeping
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02—Neural networks
    • G06N3/08—Learning methods
    • G06N3/088—Non-supervised learning, e.g. competitive learning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/318—Received signal strength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signalling for the administration of the divided path, e.g. signalling of configuration information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates generally to wireless communications and, more particularly, to methods, apparatuses and systems for beam selection in a wireless communication system based on unsupervised learning.
  • MIMO Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output
  • CSI channel state information
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplexing
  • TDD reciprocity-based sounding Time Division Duplexing
  • NR 5G New Radio
  • RS Reference Signals
  • SSB synchronization signal blocks
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • SRS sounding reference signals
  • the UE performs neighboring cell measurements for cell reselection and handovers in both IDLE/INACTIVE and CONNECTED Radio Resource Control (RRC) states.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the UE measures SSBs transmitted by neighboring cells, while in the CONNECTED RRC state, the UE may use SSB or CSI-RS measurements.
  • the UE reports these measurements to the serving cell in a measurement report (MR), which includes the signal quality of neighboring cells.
  • MR measurement report
  • the serving cell uses this information to make handover decisions when a neighboring cell's signal quality surpasses that of the serving cell.
  • a method includes: transmitting, at a wireless communication device, a first signal to a first wireless communication node, wherein the first signal comprises a measurement report, wherein the measurement report includes a signal measurement associated with a second wireless communication node; and in response to transmitting the first signal, receiving, at the wireless communication device, a second signal from the first wireless communication node, wherein the second signal includes a first beam set, wherein the first beam set is associated with the signal measurement associated with the second wireless communication node.
  • the method further includes: measuring, at the wireless communication device, strength of beams from the first beam set received in the second signal from the first wireless communication node; and reporting, at the wireless communication device, a second beam set selected from the first beam set to the wireless communication node.
  • the method further includes: prior to transmitting the first signal, transmitting, at the wireless communication device, a preamble to the wireless communication node; and receiving, at the wireless communication device, a random access (RA) response from the wireless communication node.
  • the first signal is message 3 specified in 3GPP technical specifications
  • the second signal is message 4 specified in the 3GPP technical specifications.
  • the method further includes: receiving, at the wireless communication device, a configuration message from the first wireless communication node, 3 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 wherein the configuration message includes a plurality of downlink resources, and wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless communication device performs device measurements on the plurality of downlink resources based on the first beam set.
  • the measurement report includes a plurality of signal measurements associated with a plurality of wireless communication nodes, wherein the plurality of signal measurements is assigned to a selected one of a plurality of clusters, wherein the selected one of the plurality of clusters is associated with the first beam set.
  • each of the plurality of clusters includes a respective plurality of wireless communication devices; and each of the plurality of clusters is associated with a respective beam set, wherein the respective beam set is a union of all beam sets from all wireless communication devices in the respective plurality of wireless communication devices.
  • the plurality of signal measurements includes reference signal received powers (RSRPs).
  • FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary wireless communication network, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1B illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary wireless communication system, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary scenario for performing beam selection in a wireless communication network, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary wireless communication network, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1B illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary wireless communication system, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary scenario for performing beam selection in a wireless communication network, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary wireless communication network, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1B illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary wireless communication system, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary scenario
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary framework for unsupervised learning that maps measurement reports to candidate beam sets, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling diagram between a base station and user equipment for performing beam selection, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates another signaling diagram between a base station and user equipment for performing beam selection, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example method for performing beam selection in a wireless communication system based on unsupervised learning, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary wireless communication network 100, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a network side communication node or a base station (BS) 102 can be a node B, an E-UTRA Node B (also known as Evolved Node B, eNodeB or eNB), a New Generation eNB (ng-eNB), a gNodeB (also known as gNB) in new radio (NR) technology, a pico station, a femto station, or the like.
  • E-UTRA Node B also known as Evolved Node B, eNodeB or eNB
  • ng-eNB New Generation eNB
  • gNodeB also known as gNB
  • NR new radio
  • a terminal side communication device or a user equipment (UE) 104 can be a long range communication system like a mobile phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet, laptop computer, or a short range communication system such as, for example a wearable device, a vehicle with a vehicular communication system and the like.
  • a network communication node and a terminal side communication device are represented by a BS 102 and a UE 104, respectively, and in all the embodiments in this disclosure hereafter, and are generally referred to as “communication nodes” and “communication device” herein.
  • Such communication nodes and communication devices may be capable of wireless and/or wired communications, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • the wireless communication network 100 includes a first BS 102-1, a second BS 102-2, a first UE 104-1, a second UE 104-2, a third UE 104-3, and a fourth UE 104-4.
  • the first BS 102-1 and the second BS 102-2 comprise a first plurality of antennas 106-1 to 106-n and a second plurality of antennas 116-1 to 116-n, respectively.
  • the first plurality of antennas 106-1 to 106-n may communicate with a plurality of UEs 104 to form a first multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system
  • the second plurality of antennas 116-1 to 116-n may communicate with the plurality of UEs 104 to form a second MIMO system.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • a plurality of UEs 104 may form direct communication (i.e., uplink) channels 103-1, 103-2, 103-3, and 103-4 with the first BS 102-1 and the second BS 102-2.
  • the plurality of UEs 104 may also form direct communication (i.e., downlink) channels 105-1, 105-2, 105-3, and 105-4 with the first BS 102-1 and the second BS 102-2.
  • the direct communication channels between the plurality of UEs 104 and a distributed unit of the BS 102 can be through interfaces such as an Uu interface, which is also known as E-UTRAN air interface.
  • the UE 104 comprises a plurality of transceivers which enables the UE 104 to support multi connectivity so as to receive data simultaneously from the first BS 102-1 and the second BS 102-2.
  • the first BS 102-1 and the second BS 102-2 each is connected to a core network (CN) 108 on a user plane (UP) through an external interface 107, e.g., an Iu interface, an NG-U interface, or an S1-U interface.
  • the CN 108 is one of the following: an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and a 5G Core Network (5GC).
  • EPC Evolved Packet Core
  • 5GC 5G Core Network
  • the CN 108 7 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 further comprises at least one of the following: Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), User Plane Function (UPF), and System Management Function (SMF).
  • a direct communication channel 111 between the first BS 102-1 and the second 102-2 is through an X2 interface, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a BS (gNB) is split into a Distributed Unit (DU) and a Central Unit (CU) on the UP, between which the direct communication is through a F1-U interface.
  • DU Distributed Unit
  • CU Central Unit
  • a CU of the second BS 102-2 can be further split into a Control Plane (CP) and a User Plane (UP), between which the direct communication is through an E1 interface.
  • CP Control Plane
  • UP User Plane
  • an Xx interface is used to describe one of the following interfaces, the NG interface, the S1 interface, the X2 interface, the Xn interface, the F1 interface, and the E1 interface.
  • the two nodes can transmit control signaling on the CP and/or data on the UP.
  • Figure 1B illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary wireless communication system 150, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the system 150 may include components and elements configured to support known or conventional operating features that need not be described in detail herein. In some embodiments, the system 150 can be used to transmit and receive data symbols in a wireless communication environment such as the wireless communication network 100 of Figure 1A, as described above.
  • the system 150 generally includes a first BS 102-1, a second BS 102-2, and a UE 104, collectively referred to as BS 102 and UE 104 below for ease of discussion.
  • the first BS 102-1 and the second BS 102-2 each comprises a BS transceiver module 152, a BS antenna array 154, a BS memory module 156, a BS processor module 158, and a network interface 160.
  • each module of the BS 102 is coupled and 8 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 180.
  • the UE 104 comprises a UE transceiver module 162, a UE antenna 164, a UE memory module 166, a UE processor module 168, and an I/O interface 169.
  • each module of the UE 104 is coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a date communication bus 190.
  • the BS 102 communicates with the UE 104 via a communication channel 192, which can be any wireless channel or other medium known in the art suitable for transmission of data as described herein.
  • the system 150 may further include any number of modules other than the modules shown in Figure 1B.
  • modules other than the modules shown in Figure 1B.
  • the various illustrative blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logic described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any practical combination thereof.
  • various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
  • a wireless transmission from a transmitting antenna of the UE 104 to a receiving antenna of the BS 102 is known as an uplink (UL) transmission
  • a wireless transmission from a transmitting antenna of the BS 102 to a receiving antenna of the UE 104 is known as a downlink (DL) transmission.
  • the UE transceiver 162 9 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 may be referred to herein as an "uplink" transceiver 162 that includes a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and receiver circuitry that is each coupled to the UE antenna 164.
  • a duplex switch (not shown) may alternatively couple the uplink transmitter or receiver to the uplink antenna in time duplex fashion.
  • the BS transceiver 152 may be referred to herein as a "downlink" transceiver 152 that includes RF transmitter and receiver circuitry that are each coupled to the antenna array 154.
  • a downlink duplex switch may alternatively couple the downlink transmitter or receiver to the downlink antenna array 154 in time duplex fashion.
  • the operations of the two transceivers 152 and 162 are coordinated in time such that the uplink receiver is coupled to the uplink UE antenna 164 for reception of transmissions over the wireless communication channel 192 at the same time that the downlink transmitter is coupled to the downlink antenna array 154.
  • the UE transceiver 162 communicates through the UE antenna 164 with the BS 102 via the wireless communication channel 192.
  • the BS transceiver 152 communications through the BS antenna 154 of a BS (e.g., the first BS 102-1) with the other BS (e.g., the second BS 102-2) via a wireless communication channel 196.
  • the wireless communication channel 196 can be any wireless channel or other medium known in the art suitable for direct communication between BSs.
  • the UE transceiver 162 and the BS transceiver 152 are configured to communicate via the wireless data communication channel 192, and cooperate with a suitably configured RF antenna arrangement 154/164 that can support a particular wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme.
  • the UE transceiver 162 and the BS transceiver 152 are configured to support industry standards such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and emerging 5G standards (e.g., NR), and the like. It is understood, however, that the invention is not necessarily limited in application to a 10 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 particular standard and associated protocols. Rather, the UE transceiver 162 and the BS transceiver 152 may be configured to support alternate, or additional, wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variations thereof.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR 5G
  • the invention is not necessarily limited in application to a 10 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 particular standard and associated protocols. Rather, the UE transceiver 162 and the BS transceiver 152 may be configured to support alternate, or additional, wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variations thereof.
  • the processor modules 158 and 168 may be implemented, or realized, with a general purpose processor, a content addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein.
  • a processor module may be realized as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, or the like.
  • a processor module may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.
  • the steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in firmware, in a software module executed by processor modules 158 and 168, respectively, or in any practical combination thereof.
  • the memory modules 156 and 166 may be realized as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • the memory modules 156 and 166 may be coupled to the processor modules 158 and 168, respectively, such that the processors modules 158 and 168 can read information from, and write information to, memory modules 156 and 166, respectively.
  • the memory modules 156 and 166 may also be integrated into their respective processor modules 158 and 168.
  • the memory modules 156 and 166 may each include a 11 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 cache memory for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor modules 158 and 168, respectively.
  • the memory modules 156 and 166 may also each include non-volatile memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor modules 158 and 168, respectively.
  • the network interface 160 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic, and/or other components of the base station 102 that enable bi-directional communication between BS transceiver 152 and other network components and communication nodes configured to communication with the BS 102.
  • network interface 160 may be configured to support internet or WiMAX traffic.
  • network interface 160 provides an 802.3 Ethernet interface such that BS transceiver 152 can communicate with a conventional Ethernet based computer network.
  • the network interface 160 may include a physical interface for connection to the computer network (e.g., Mobile Switching Center (MSC)).
  • MSC Mobile Switching Center
  • the terms “configured for” or “configured to” as used herein with respect to a specified operation or function refers to a device, component, circuit, structure, machine, signal, etc. that is physically constructed, programmed, formatted and/or arranged to perform the specified operation or function.
  • the network interface 160 could allow the BS 102 to communicate with other BSs or a CN over a wired or wireless connection.
  • the BS 102 repeatedly broadcasts system information associated with the BS 102 to one or more UEs 104 so as to allow the UEs 104 to access the network within the cells where the BS 102 is located, and in general, to operate properly within the cell.
  • Plural information such as, for example, downlink and uplink cell bandwidths, downlink and uplink configuration, cell information, configuration for random access, etc., can be included in the system information.
  • the BS 102 broadcasts a first signal carrying some major system information, for example, configuration of the cell where the BS 102 is located through a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH).
  • PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
  • first broadcast signal such a broadcasted first signal is herein referred to as “first broadcast signal.”
  • the BS 102 may subsequently broadcast one or more signals carrying some other system information through respective channels (e.g., a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)).
  • PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
  • the major system information carried by the first broadcast signal may be transmitted by the BS 102 in a symbol format via the communication channel 192 (e.g., a PBCH).
  • the communication channel 192 e.g., a PBCH
  • an original form of the major system information may be presented as one or more sequences of digital bits and the one or more sequences of digital bits may be processed through plural steps (e.g., coding, scrambling, modulation, mapping steps, etc.), all of which can be processed by the BS processor module 158, to become the first broadcast signal.
  • the UE processor module 168 may perform plural steps (de-mapping, demodulation, decoding steps, etc.) to estimate the major system information such as, for example, bit locations, bit numbers, etc., of the bits of the major system information.
  • the UE processor module 168 is also coupled to the I/O interface 169, which provides the UE 104 with the ability to connect to other devices such as computers.
  • the I/O interface 169 is the communication path between these accessories and the UE processor module 168.
  • the established wireless transmission channels between the BS 102 and the UE 104 may introduce various impairments and distortions to the transmitted signals due 13 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 to factors such as fading, interference, and noise.
  • Channel estimation can be performed to estimate the characteristics of the communication channel between the BS 102 and the UE 104 to optimize wireless communication system performance and to improve the reliability of communication.
  • a conventional way to perform channel estimation is to use channel reciprocity for MIMO precoding in the downlink by estimating the UL channel based on the symmetry properties between the UL and DL channels.
  • the UE 104 can periodically transmit pilot signals or Sounding Reference Signals (SRSs) during specific time slots allocated for UL channel sounding, and the corresponding BS 102 can measure the received SRSs to estimate the UL channel characteristics such as channel gains and phases.
  • SRSs Sounding Reference Signals
  • TDD time-division duplexing
  • the BS 102 can perform DL MIMO precoding based on the extracted UL channel state information (CSI) from the received pilot signals or SRSs.
  • CSI channel state information
  • the BS 102 can use it to precode the DL data transmission, which helps in mitigating the effects of channel fading and interference and improving the quality of the received signal at the UEs.
  • a massive MIMO system is used with a number of antennas at the BS 102 to enhance data throughput and spectrum efficiency.
  • the implementation of MIMO systems necessitates accurate CSI acquisition at the BS and UE transmitters, which can be achieved through codebook-based feedback in Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) networks or reciprocity-based sounding in Time Division Duplexing (TDD) networks.
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplexing
  • TDD Time Division Duplexing
  • the handover process in 5G networks is another important aspect, ensuring that the UE 104 maintains continuous and high-quality service while moving within the wireless communication network 100.
  • the handover procedure is initiated if certain signal qualities are satisfied, making signal quality measurements one of the most important stages in the handover procedure.
  • the signal quality can be measured in either the downlink or the uplink directions to effectively manage handover operations in 5G networks.
  • Reference Signals are specifically defined to measure the quality of received signals. These RS include synchronization signal blocks (SSB) and channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) blocks in the downlink, and sounding reference signals (SRS) in the uplink, which are used by the BS. To ensure optimal service quality in connected mode, it is important that handover management is executed accurately and promptly.
  • the on-time decision to switch the base station is achieved by channel quality measurements. These measurements can be obtained either in the downlink by the UE, or in the uplink by the BS. [0040] When a UE initially enters the coverage area of a base station, a cell search is performed.
  • the UE may continuously carry out cell searches while moving within the network, regardless of whether the UE is connected to the network or in an IDLE/INACTIVE state.
  • the UE may periodically measure the signal quality of neighboring cells to facilitate cell reselection and handovers during both the IDLE/INACTIVE and CONNECTED Radio Resource Control (RRC) states.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the UE may perform cell reselection by measuring the SSBs transmitted by the neighboring cells.
  • Cell search based on the SSB measurements can also be used for the CONNECTED RRC state mobility, although in that case cell search can also be based on CSI-RS explicitly configured for the UE.
  • the UE may send a control message called a measurement report (MR) to the serving cell.
  • the MR may contain a list of neighboring cell IDs and their respective measured signal qualities.
  • the serving cell’s BS may then use this MR to make handover decisions when a neighboring cell’s measured signal quality exceeds that of the serving cell.
  • the serving cell configures the UE to send the MR based on the following three configureations: 1) Event-based MR: The MR is sent when a specific event occurs, such as a reduction in the power of the serving base station below a certain threshold specified in the network.
  • each of a plurality of BSs may provide a respective serving area for reliable coverage.
  • a plurality of BSs 202-1 to 202-4 may provide a respective plurality of serving areas 206-1 to 206-4, wherein the serving areas 206-1, 206-2, 206-3 and 206-4 are provided by the BSs 202-1, 202-2, 202-3 and 202-4, respectively.
  • 16 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 [0044]
  • a UE 204 may be in communication with the BS 202-1 within the serving area 206-1.
  • the UE 204 may be located at distances 208, 210, 212 and 214 from the BSs 202-1, 202-2, 202-3 and 202-4, respectively.
  • the received signal strength measured at the UE 202 from a neighboring cell is a function of the distance between the UE 202 and the neighboring cell such that the signal measurements at the neighboring cell can be used to triangulate an approximate location of the UE 202 with respect to the serving cell.
  • a certain set of signal measurements of the neighboring cells represents a corresponding location within the serving cell area.
  • the UE 202 is located at a position denote by X with the distance 208 from its serving BS 202-1, and the UE 202 is configured to measure the signal strengths (e.g. reference signal received powers (RSRPs)) R1, R2 and R3 from the neighboring BSs 202-2, 202-3 and 202-4, respectively.
  • the signal measurements R1, R2 and R3 are inversely proportional to the distances 210, 212 and 214, respectively.
  • the UE 202 located at position X would report an MR with the signal measurements R1, R2 and R3 to the serving BS 202-1.
  • the communication between the UE 202 and at least one of the plurality of BSs 202-1 to 202-4 is in a Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) scenario.
  • NLOS Non-Line of Sight
  • the radio frequency signal measurements-based distance may not be the same as the geo-distance.
  • the UE 202 may perform beam selection to report a best beam set B to the serving cell BS 202-1 for the MIMO data transmissions.
  • the best beam set B is a function of the location X of the UE 204. In such a case, based on the location X of the UE 204, the signal measurements R1, R2 and R3 may be mapped to the best beam set B.
  • the best beam set B is reported for the serving cell of the UE 204, wherein the serving cell’s transmitting antennas are distributed antennas and may not be collocated.
  • the serving cell comprises multiple nodes, wherein the 17 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 communication between the UE 204 and the serving cell is performed by coordinated joint- transmissions.
  • the serving BS 202-1 may gather information of both the MR and reported the best beam set from all the UEs within the coverage area to generate a combined MR and best beam set report.
  • Table 1 illustrates an exemplary combined MR and best beam set report generated by the BS 202-1, which provides coverage for a total of M UEs.
  • Table 1. An exemplary combined MR and best beam set report. [0045] As illustrated in Table 1, in some embodiments, the exemplary combined MR and best beam set report comprises a total number of ⁇ BSs: ⁇ ⁇ , ... , ⁇ ⁇ and a total number ⁇ of UEs: ⁇ ⁇ , ... , ⁇ ⁇ .
  • ⁇ ⁇ may perform ⁇ measurements ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ... , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ associated with ⁇ neighboring BSs: ... , ⁇ ⁇ , respectively, and ⁇ ⁇ may measure another ⁇ measurements ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ... , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ associated with the ⁇ BSs: ... , ⁇ ⁇ .
  • Examples of distance methods that can be used to compute the measurement difference between different UEs include but not limited to: Manhattan distance, Minkowski distance, Chebyshev distance, Cosine imilarity, Hamming Ddistance, Jaccard distance, Mahalanobis distance, Bray-Curtis distance, and Bray-Curtis distance.
  • the ⁇ UEs from Table 1 are partitioned into ) different clusters using an unsupervised learning method.
  • the assumption is that the nearly located UEs will be assigned to the same cluster because those UEs will report similar neighboring cells’ signal measurements resulting in the smallest Euclidean distance between the UEs within the cluster.
  • Algorithm 1 illustrates an example of pseudocode of the k-means clustering algorithm used to partition the ⁇ UEs into ) clusters.
  • other data partition methods can be used to partition the ⁇ UEs into ) clusters, such as hierarchical clustering method, density-based spatial clustering method, mean shift clustering method, Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM), spectral clustering method, affinity propagation method, balanced iterative reducing and 19 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 clustering using hierarchies method, fuzzy c-means method, agglomerative clustering method, Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), ordering points to identify the clustering structure method, and grid-based clustering method.
  • GMM Gaussian Mixture Models
  • SOM Self-Organizing Maps
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary framework 300 for unsupervised learning that maps measurement reports to candidate beam sets, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a )-means clustering processing framework 320 takes a plurality of UE measurement reports 308-1 to 308-M and a plurality of best beam sets 310-1 to 310-M as inputs, wherein each of the plurality of UE measurement reports 308- 1 to 308-M is associated with a respective one of a plurality of UEs 304-1 to 304-M, and each of the plurality of best beam sets 310-1 to 310-M is associated with the respective one of the plurality of UEs 304-1 to 304-M.
  • the plurality of UEs 304-1 to 304-M is within a cell coverage area 306 provided by a BS 302.
  • Algorithm 1 is performed to allocate each of the plurality of UEs 304-1 to 304-M to an associated cluster located at different parts of the cell coverage area 306.
  • Algorithm 1 can be performed to partition the plurality of UEs 304-1 to 304-M to a plurality of clusters 316-1 to 20 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 316-k.
  • the number of clusters in the plurality of clusters 316-1 to 316- k and the locations of the clusters are a function of the UE geographic distribution in the cell coverage area 306 and the distances between the UEs and the neighboring cells.
  • the best beam set reported by the i-th UE in the j-th cluster may be denoted by > +,? .
  • a beam is selected to be included in > +,? if the strength (e.g. power value) of the beam is above a predetermined threshold.
  • > is defined by the network (e.g. by a codebook).
  • each cluster is associated with the union of all the best beam sets from all UEs assigned to that cluster by the k-means algorithm.
  • the j-th cluster may comprise a total of m UEs, wherein each of the m UEs reports a respective one of m best beam sets > C,? .
  • the exemplary framework 300 may generate a mapping function as an output, as illustrated by the mapping function in FIG. 3.
  • the mapping function in FIG. 3 maps a plurality of measurement reports 312 to a respective plurality of best beam sets 314.
  • the mapping function is used to select candidate beam sets for the UEs that are in the process of either attempting to access the network or reselecting beams for the MIMO transmissions.
  • Algorithm 1 can be repeated multiple times to form at least one new cluster.
  • Algorithm 1 is performed periodically. In case when Algorithm 1 is performed periodically, the resulting mapping function may be saved in the network for each particular cell. The mapping function may be used to generate the candidate beam set when needed. In some embodiments, the mapping function is updated 21 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 periodically with the new set of MR reports from more UEs within the same coverage cell. In another embodiment, Algorithm 1 is performed in an event-driven process, wherein the event is triggered when an updated measurement report and best beam sets are received from any of the UEs currently served by the serving BS 302.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling diagram between a BS 402 and a UE 404 for performing a method for beam selection, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the UE 404 may transmit a first signal to the BS 402 for performing beam selection.
  • the first signal comprises an MR obtained by the UE 404, wherein the MR comprises a plurality of signal measurements associated with a plurality of BSs.
  • the MR comprises a signal measurement associated with at least one neighboring BS of the UE 404.
  • the at least one neighboring BS associated with the signal measurement is different from the BS 402. In some other embodiments, the at least one neighboring BS associated with the signal measurement is the BS 402. In yet some other embodiments, the first signal is message 3 specified in 3GPP technical specifications.
  • the BS 402 may be configured to compute the distance between the reported MR in the first signal and the centroids of a plurality of clusters, wherein the plurality of clusters is obtained by the procedure outlined in Algorithm 1.
  • the BS 402 assigns the UE 404 to a cluster, wherein the centroid of the assigned cluster has the Euclidean minimum distance from the reported MR (i.e.
  • the BS 402 may then assign the i-th cluster to the UE 404 using the k-means clustering algorithm outlined in Algorithm 1, wherein the Euclidean distance between the centroid of the i-th cluster and the signal measurement vector ⁇ is the minimum among all clusters, and the i-th cluster is associated with a candidate beam set > + wherein > E,+ is the best beam set associated with the h-th UE in the i-th cluster. That is, the UE 404 is assigned the candidate beam set which is the union of all best beam sets of all the UEs in the i-th cluster.
  • the second signal comprises a first beam set as a candidate beam set associated with the signal measurement associated with the at least one neighboring BS of the UE 404.
  • the UE 404 may be configured to measure the strength of beams from the first beam set and report a second beam set as a best beam set selected from the first beam set back to the BS 402.
  • the UE 404 selects the second beam set from the first beam set by measuring the strength of beams from the first beam set, wherein the second beam set is a subset of the first beam set, and the beams in the second beam set have better signal strength (such as RSRP) than the beams in the first beam set that are not selected by the UE 404.
  • the BS 402 may select one or more beams from the second beams set to serve data to the UE 404.
  • the second signal is message 4 specified in the 3GPP technical specifications.
  • the BS 402 may send a set of downlink resources to the UE 404 in a configuration message on which measurements should be carried out based on the candidate beam set assigned to the UE 404.
  • CSI-RS resources can be configured by the BS 402 and sent to the UE 404.
  • the UE 404 is configured to be in a CONNECTED state in order to send the first signal to the BS 402.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates another signaling diagram between a BS 502 and a UE 504 for performing a method for beam selection, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the UE 504 may be configured to transmit a preamble to the BS 502 in order to initiate the communication with the BS 502.
  • the preamble comprises a sequence of symbols or bits transmitted on the Random Access Channel (RACH) to request access to the network, such that the network can detect the UE 504, measure its timing, and allocate resources for further communication.
  • the BS 502 may be configured to transmit a random access (RA) response to the UE 504, wherein the RA response comprises at least one of: a timing advance command, an uplink resource grant, a temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), and a backoff indicator.
  • RA random access
  • the UE 504 may transmit a first signal to the BS 502, and then the BS 502 may transmit the second signal back to the UE 504.
  • the BS 502 may not require the MR in the first signal to be transmitted from the UE 504 because the BS 502 may be already aware of the location of the UE 504.
  • the uplink resource used for the RA preamble transmission is an indication of the downlink beam in which the UE 504 is located.
  • the BS 502 may directly perform the k-means clustering algorithm and send the second signal comprising the assigned candidate beam set to the UE 504.
  • the UE 504 may enter a new coverage area as a result of reselection during the IDLE/INACTIVE states. Additionally, the UE 504 entering the cell may not perform the RA procedure if the UE 504 does not seek network access.
  • the BS 502 may proactively broadcast a message before the UE 504 transmits the first signal as part of the System Information Broadcast (SIB), as a dedicated RRC signaling message, or as a paging message, wherein the broadcast message comprises the neighboring cells list, a list of cluster centroids and the assigned candidate beam set associated with each of the clusters, wherein the clusters are obtained using the procedure outlined in Algorithm 1. For example, assuming there are p number of neighboring cells, K number of clusters, a codebook of size N or a total number of N beams.
  • SIB System Information Broadcast
  • the BS 502 may broadcast the neighboring cells list, K number of p-dimensional cluster centroids and their associated candidate beams sets, as illustrated in Table 2 below.
  • Table 2 the second row and the first column of Table 2 shows that the p-dimensional cluster centroid of the 1 st cluster is with the associated candidate beam set as ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ... , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
  • the third row and the first column of Table 2 shows that the p-dimensional cluster centroid of the 2 nd cluster is F ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ... , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ G with the associated candidate beam set as ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ... , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the broadcast message transmitted by the BS 502 may comprise information associated with mapping between a plurality of measurement reports and a plurality of beam sets, i.e., between a plurality of clusters and a plurality of beam sets.
  • the UE 504 may be configured to measure the signal strengths of a plurality of neighboring BSs, and determine a first beam set as a candidate beam set based on the information associated with the mapping between the plurality of measurement reports and the plurality of beam sets.
  • the UE 504 may be configured to measure the strength of beams from the first beam set, and report a second beam set as a best beam set selected from the first beam set back to the BS 502, as discussed previously with reference to FIG.
  • the BS 502 broadcasts the message as part of the SIB, and after the UE 504 decodes and acquires synchronization signal block, the UE 504 may decode the SIB and receive the cluster centroids included in the broadcast message. As part of the mobility procedure, the UE 504 may measure the signal strengths of the p neighboring cells to prepare an MR. The UE 504 may then compute the distance between the measured signal strengths of the p neighboring cells and each of the cluster centroids included in the broadcast message.
  • the UE 504 may select the candidate beam set associated with the cluster centroid that has the minimum distance from the measured signal strengths of the p neighboring cells for initial beam establishment. In some embodiments, the UE 504 may perform the above task periodically or in the event when the UE 504 is attempting to access the network. In situations when the regional directional broadcasting is available, the BS 502 may broadcast in the message only those cluster centroids of the clusters that are located within the cell.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example method 600 for performing beam selection in a wireless communication system based on unsupervised learning, in accordance with some embodiments. The operations of method 600 presented below are intended to be illustrative.
  • method 600 may be accomplished with one or more additional operations not described and/or without one or more of the operations discussed. Additionally, the order in which the operations of method 600 are illustrated in FIG. 6 and described below is not intended to be limiting.
  • 26 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 a BS performs a k-means clustering algorithm to partition a plurality of UEs into a total of k clusters.
  • each of the plurality of UEs comprises a respective p-dimensional measurement vector, wherein the respective p- dimensional measurement vector is associated with the signal strengths of respective p neighboring BSs.
  • a UE may be configured to send a first signal comprising reported measurements to the BS.
  • the UE sending the first signal belongs to the plurality of UEs used to perform the k-means clustering algorithm in step 602.
  • the UE sending the first signal does not belong to the plurality of UEs used to perform the k-means clustering algorithm in step 602.
  • the first signal comprises an MR obtained by the UE, wherein the MR comprises a plurality of signal measurements (e.g. the signal strengths of p neighboring BSs) associated with a plurality of BSs and a best beam set for the MIMO data transmissions.
  • the BS may calculate the distance between the reported MR from the UE and the centroids of all the k clusters learned in step 602.
  • the BS uses the p-dimensional measurement vector reported in the MR and the total number of k p- dimensional measurement vectors associated with the k cluster centroids to calculate the distances, and assigns the UE to the cluster that has a centroid with the minimum distance from the UE.
  • the BS also assigns a candidate beam set to the UE, wherein the candidate beam set is associated with the cluster having the minimum distance from the UE, and wherein the candidate beam set is the union of all the best beam sets of all the UEs in the cluster.
  • the BS sends a second signal to the UE.
  • the second signal comprises the candidate beam set assigned to the UE as determined in step 608.
  • the BS may send a set of downlink resources to the UE in a configuration message, wherein the configuration message indicates that the UE should perform UE measurements on the set of downlink resources based on the candidate beam set assigned to the UE.
  • CSI-RS resources can be configured by the BS and sent to the UE.
  • any reference to an element herein using a designation such as "first,” “second,” and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations can be used herein as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner.
  • a person having ordinary skill in the art would understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies 28 DM2 ⁇ 19875691.1 F9125-60700 and techniques.
  • data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits and symbols, for example, which may be referenced in the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
  • any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two), firmware, various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which can be referred to herein, for convenience, as "software” or a "software module), or any combination of these techniques.
  • circuitry refers to and includes any one or more of the following: discrete circuit components or devices coupled to each other to form circuit, logic circuitry, integrated circuits, application specific integrated circuits, state machines, general purpose processors, special purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), microprocessors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, or any combination thereof.
  • Circuitry can further include antennas, reflectors, transmitters, receivers and/or transceivers to communicate with various components, devices or nodes within a communication network.
  • processor refers to a combination of structures including processing circuitry, a memory coupled to the processing circuitry, and executable code stored in the memory that when executed by the processing circuitry perform the functions or operations instructed by the executable code.
  • the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
  • Computer- readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program or code from one place to another.
  • a storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.
  • non-transitory computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read Only Memory
  • magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
  • module refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functions described herein.
  • modules are described as discrete modules; however, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, two or more modules may be combined to form a single module that performs the associated functions according embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • memory or other storage as well as communication components, may be employed in embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be appreciated that, for clarity purposes, the above description has described embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to different functional units and processors. However, it will be apparent that any suitable distribution of functionality between different functional units, processing logic elements or domains may be used without detracting from the present disclosure. For example, functionality illustrated to be performed by separate processing logic elements, or controllers, may be performed by the same processing logic element, or controller.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés, appareils et systèmes permettant de mettre en œuvre une sélection de faisceau dans un système de communication sans fil sur la base d'un apprentissage non supervisé. Dans un mode de réalisation, un procédé comprend : la transmission, au niveau d'un dispositif de communication sans fil, d'un premier signal à un premier nœud de communication sans fil, le premier signal comprenant un rapport de mesure, le rapport de mesure comprenant une mesure de signal associée à un deuxième nœud de communication sans fil; et en réponse à la transmission du premier signal, la réception, au niveau du dispositif de communication sans fil, d'un deuxième signal en provenance du premier nœud de communication sans fil, le deuxième signal comprenant un premier ensemble de faisceaux, le premier ensemble de faisceaux étant associé à la mesure de signal associée au deuxième nœud de communication sans fil.
PCT/US2024/038084 2023-07-21 2024-07-15 Procédés, appareils et systèmes de sélection de faisceau sur la base d'un apprentissage non supervisé Pending WO2025024156A1 (fr)

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US20220116869A1 (en) * 2016-12-13 2022-04-14 Asustek Computer Inc Method and apparatus for beam management in a wireless communication system
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US20190028170A1 (en) * 2016-06-03 2019-01-24 Mediatek Singapore Pte. Ltd. Methods and Apparatus to Support Mobility through Beam Tracking in New Radio Access System
US20220231734A1 (en) * 2016-08-11 2022-07-21 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Device and system characterized by measurement, report, and change procedure by terminal for changing transmission/reception point, and base station procedure for supporting same
US20180124766A1 (en) * 2016-11-03 2018-05-03 Qualcomm Incorporated Beam sets for cell and beam mobility
US20220116869A1 (en) * 2016-12-13 2022-04-14 Asustek Computer Inc Method and apparatus for beam management in a wireless communication system
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