WO2025017120A1 - Aerosol generating article and associated system for generating aerosol - Google Patents
Aerosol generating article and associated system for generating aerosol Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2025017120A1 WO2025017120A1 PCT/EP2024/070383 EP2024070383W WO2025017120A1 WO 2025017120 A1 WO2025017120 A1 WO 2025017120A1 EP 2024070383 W EP2024070383 W EP 2024070383W WO 2025017120 A1 WO2025017120 A1 WO 2025017120A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- aerosol generating
- heating track
- aerosol
- heating
- generating article
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
- A24D1/025—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers the covers having material applied to defined areas, e.g. bands for reducing the ignition propensity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/20—Cigarettes specially adapted for simulated smoking devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
- A24F40/46—Shape or structure of electric heating means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/20—Devices using solid inhalable precursors
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of aerosol generating articles and of systems for generating aerosol which comprise both an aerosol generating article and an aerosol generating device to heat this aerosol generating article.
- Reduced-risk products have become popular alternatives to traditional tobacco products such as cigarettes. By contrast to these traditional products, which rely on combustion of tobacco, reduced-risk products typically produce a vapor or aerosol for inhalation by a user.
- Heated substrate aerosol generating products also known as heat-not-burn products, are one class of reduced-risk product.
- a heated substrate aerosol generating device an aerosol generating article containing a tobacco substrate with other suitable aerosolisable materials (e.g. humectants, flavours) is heated to a temperature that is sufficiently high to generate an aerosol from the substrate but not so high as to cause combustion of the substrate.
- This aerosol does not contain the undesired by-products that are generated when the material combusts.
- a typical electrically heated substrate aerosol generating device contains a heating chamber that defines a cavity adapted to receive the aerosol -generating article, generally in the form of a stick to be heated.
- the substrate is heated inside the cavity in order to generate the desired aerosol and to deliver aerosol via puffs when the user inhales through the mouth end of the article.
- the aerosol -generating article After exhaustion of the substrate in the article, and/or after a predetermined heating time and/or number of puffs controlled by the device, the aerosol -generating article must be removed and replaced by a fresh stick.
- Heated substrate aerosol generating devices are typically formed with a very compact construction so as to provide a hand-held device that is convenient to store and carry.
- aerosol-generating article comprises a tobacco part (or other aerosol generating segment), a cooling or spacing part, and a mouthpiece.
- An aerosol generating device comprising a thin-film heater surrounding the receiving cavity (“oven”) for heating the aerosol generating is known.
- this technology may have some disadvantages, such as long warming-up, insufficient aerosol or inconsistent aerosol delivery or accumulation of residues in the oven.
- WO2017036951 describes a wrapper comprising magnetically activable heating material which generates eddy currents.
- This technology is technical complex, because of the magnetic induction activation circuit implemented in the associated aerosol generating device.
- the energy efficiency may not be optimized because of the eddy currents within the aerosol generating article which can create inhomogeneous heating, e.g. hot spots in the substrate.
- the object of the present invention is to alleviate at least partly the above-mentioned drawbacks.
- the invention aims to provide for a simple heating structure, which allows for both rather uniform and efficient heating of the section of the heat-not-burn consumable part which contains flavor, so as to exhale flavor in a satisfactory manner for the user, while avoiding as much as possible any burning of this heat-not-burn consumable part out of health grounds for the user.
- an electrically conductive heating track is implemented next to the aerosol substrate of the aerosol -generating article, and this heating track is heated by resistive effect when receiving power from a power supply of the aerosol generating device.
- the power supply can provide an electrical current along a path of the heating track which behaves like an electrical resistor powered by an electrical generator, for instance either an electrical voltage source or an electrical current source.
- the energy supply is more efficient, o by avoiding the usual air gap lying between the aerosol generating article and the internal wall of the heating chamber of the aerosol generating device, which is the internal wall of the cavity of the heating chamber, o by avoiding heat to have to pass through the wrapper of the aerosol generating article, thereby leading both to higher heat efficiency and lower energy consumption, Moreover, the cleaning of the heating chamber of the aerosol generating device is no longer an issue.
- an aerosol generating article for being heated to produce an aerosol comprising: an aerosol generating portion containing an aerosol generating substrate, a mouthpiece, a wrapper for wrapping the aerosol generating portion and the mouthpiece, wherein the wrapper comprises at least one part comprising an electrically conducting heating track heatable by resistive effect and configured for resistively heating the aerosol generating portion and wherein the heating track extends by electrodes on the wrapper.
- a system for generating aerosol comprising an aerosol generating article according to the invention, wherein it comprises a device comprising an electrical power source and electrical connectors configured to connect to the electrodes extending the heating track of the article, when the aerosol generating article is inserted within the heating chamber of the device.
- an aerosol generating device comprising a device comprising an electrical power source and electrical connectors configured to connect to the electrodes extending the heating track of the aerosol generating article according to the invention, when the aerosol generating article is inserted within the heating chamber of the aerosol generating device.
- Such aerosol generating device comprises no electrically conducting heating track, because the electrically conducting heating track is implemented within the aerosol generating article which is a consumable part of the system for generating aerosol.
- the heater is kept closer to the aerosol generating substrate, so as to avoid heat losses, to increase energy efficiency and to improve aerosol flavor taste during the vaping experience of the user.
- the increased energy efficiency can lead to reduce the size of the electrical battery contained within the aerosol generating device, and therefore participates to improve the miniaturization of the aerosol generating device.
- Preferred embodiments comprise one or more of the following features, which can be taken separately or together, either in partial combination or in full combination, with any of previously cited objects of the invention.
- the heating track is printed on the inner side of the wrapper or of a wrapping layer of the wrapper.
- the heating track is in direct contact with the aerosol generating substrate.
- the energy efficiency is improved to provide still better vaping experience and lower energy consumption.
- the aerosol generating article comprises an outer paper layer
- the wrapper comprises an inner paper layer onto which the heating track is applied, wherein a portion of the inner paper layer is folded against the outer paper layer to create a hem, and wherein the electrodes are positioned on the folded portion of the inner paper layer.
- the wrapper comprises said outer paper layer and the inner paper layer is folded against the outer paper layer.
- the inner paper layer has a basis weight comprised between 30 and 60 g/m 2 . These values of paper basis weight enable to facilitate manufacturability of the aerosol generating article while also providing a sufficient stiffness to the article for proper handling and insertion in the device.
- a rigid body is positioned adjacent the aerosol generating portion at the air inlet end of the article and the inner paper is folded on the rigid body.
- the heating track is printed by electrically conductive ink containing metal or reduced graphene oxide.
- the heating track can advantageously be printed by inkjet.
- the heating track can be printed by other technologies such as mask printing.
- the thickness of the printed layer of the heating track is equal to or lower than about 1 micrometer (pm).
- the range of the thickness of the printed layer of the heating track is comprised between 0.25pm and 2pm, or between 0.5pm and 1.5pm.
- this quite low thickness of the printed layer of the heating track allows for a higher linear resistance and hence for a higher energy dissipation leading to a higher energy transfer to the aerosol generating portion thereby making more efficient the heating of this aerosol generating portion.
- the electrodes are made of gold, or copper, or silver, or chromium, or a combination thereof.
- the heating track is made of a conductive metal which can be for example gold, or copper, or bronze or silver, or a combination thereof, or of a Reduced Graphene Oxide for example.
- the heating track is a full serial path without any derivation. More preferably, the heating track has a meandering serial path.
- the heating track extends over at least 50% of the periphery of the aerosol generating portion, or over at least 75% of the periphery of the aerosol generating portion, over at least 90% of the periphery of the aerosol generating portion.
- the periphery of the aerosol generating portion is the value of the circumference of the aerosol generating portion in a crosssection orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the aerosol generating portion.
- the heating of the aerosol generating portion by resistive effect is even more uniformly distributed by the circulation of electric current along the heating track.
- the heating track comprises straight portions connected together by bends, and wherein the heating track comprises at least 60 such bends, or at least 80 such bends, or at least 100 such bends.
- the heating of the aerosol generating portion by resistive effect is even more uniformly distributed by the circulation of electric current along the heating track which is more evenly distributed over the external surface of the aerosol generating substrate.
- the heating track comprises wires encompassing a heating surface, wherein within such heating surface any point is located at less than 3mm from a wire of the heating track, or at less than 2mm from a wire of the heating track, or at less than 1mm from a wire of the heating track.
- the heating of the aerosol generating portion by resistive effect is even more uniformly distributed by the circulation of electric current along the heating track.
- the aerosol generating article is a rod-shaped stick.
- the heating track is distributed, evenly and regularly, around the periphery (i.e. along the external surface) of the aerosol generating substrate, so as to heat uniformly or more uniformly this aerosol generating substrate.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically an example of a system for generating aerosol which comprises both an aerosol generating article and an aerosol generating device to heat this aerosol generating article, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 2 shows an example of an aerosol generating article to be heated by an aerosol generating device, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- aerosol may include a suspension of vaporizable material as one or more of: solid particles; liquid droplets; gas. Said suspension may be in a gas including air. Aerosol herein may generally refer to/include a vapor. Aerosol may include one or more components of the vaporizable material.
- the term “aerosol-generating substrate” may refer to a smokable material which may for example comprise nicotine or tobacco or other nicotinoid material and an aerosol former.
- tobacco may take the form of various materials such as shredded tobacco, granulated tobacco, tobacco leaf and/or reconstituted tobacco.
- Suitable aerosol formers include: a polyol such as sorbitol, glycerol, and glycols like propylene glycol or triethylene glycol; a non-polyol such as monohydric alcohols, acids such as lactic acid, glycerol derivatives, esters such as triacetin, triethylene glycol diacetate, triethyl citrate, glycerin or vegetable glycerin.
- the aerosol generating agent may be glycerol, propylene glycol, or a mixture of glycerol and propylene glycol.
- the content of aerosol former may be present in an amount of from 5 to 30 wt.% in dry basis, preferably 10 to 20 wt.% in dry basis.
- the substrate may also comprise at least one of a gelling agent, a binding agent, a stabilizing agent, and a humectant.
- the substrate may contain non-tobacco flavours such as menthol, fruit or spices.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically an example of a system for generating aerosol which comprises both an aerosol generating article and an aerosol generating device to heat this aerosol generating article, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- An aerosol generating device 1 comprises a heating chamber 2 in which an aerosol generating article 10 is inserted by a sliding movement or translation along the direction shown by the arrows. The insertion direction is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cavity of the heating chamber 2.
- This aerosol generating device 1 also comprises an electrical power generator 3, either an electrical voltage source or an electrical current source, with electrical wires 4 ended by electrical connectors 5 and 6 protruding within the heating chamber 2 from the internal wall of the cavity of the heating chamber 2.
- the aerosol generating article 10 will be positioned such that its first electrodes 41 and second electrode 42 are respectively in contact with the protruding electrical connectors 5 and 6 of the aerosol generating device 1, and are preferably pressing against these protruding electrical connectors 5 and 6. Thereby, a closed electrical circuit exists where the electrical current coming from the generator 3 follows respectively the wire 4, the electrical connector 5, the first electrode 41, the whole heating track 40 which belongs to the aerosol generating article 1, the second electrode 42, the electrical connector 6, the wire 4 and comes back to the generator 3.
- the electrical current circulates along the heating track 40, thereby dissipating energy by resistive effect, which energy directly heats the aerosol generating substrate of the aerosol generating article 1, leading to aerosol generation for the user through the mouthpiece of the aerosol generating article 1.
- heating chamber 2 Once removed from the heating chamber 2, there will be an empty heating chamber 2 which will remain clean, because the energy transfer by resistive effect from heating track 40 to aerosol generating substrate will have entirely taken place within the aerosol generating article 10, leaving the heating chamber 2 totally clean.
- either the electrodes 41 and 42 and/or the protruding electrical connectors 5 and 6 can be beveled.
- Fig. 2 shows an example of an aerosol generating article to be heated by an aerosol generating device, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the aerosol generating article 10 comprises several successive longitudinally aligned sections from one end to the other end: the aerosol generating portion 11, the aerosol cooling section 12, the mouthpiece 13.
- the aerosol generating portion 11 comprises a front plug 21 longitudinally aligned with an aerosol generating substrate 22.
- the aerosol generating substrate is preferably wrapped individually with a wrapping paper to form a cylindrical tobacco plug 22.
- the aerosol generating substrate or tobacco rod 22 is wrapped by, e.g. a standard cigarette paper and is formed from a long rod which is cut at the proper rod’s length before assembling with the front plug.
- the front plug may be formed of filter material such as a cellulose acetate tow or a gathered sheet of filtering paper or nonwoven made of natural cellulose.
- the front plug may form a plug of filter material with a tubular configuration as represented or a filled configuration (not represented).
- the front plug may have various function, in particular, retaining the aerosol generating substrate within the rod 22, controlling the resistance to draw of the article, decreasing the ability of the article to combust, etc.
- the front plug has also the purpose to form a firm support to the electrical connectors.
- the aerosol generating substrate 22 When the aerosol generating substrate 22 is heated, it generates hot aerosol.
- the front plug is omitted and the aerosol generating section 11 is only formed by the aerosol generating substrate or tobacco rod 22.
- the heating wrapper 35 in direct contact with the material of the aerosol generating substrate.
- the wrapping paper of the tobacco rod can be omitted.
- the aerosol cooling section 12 comprises a first cooling tube 23 longitudinally aligned with a second cooling tube 24.
- the second cooling tube 24 has a smaller internal diameter than the first cooling tube 23, so as to constitute a Venturi structure so as to make a Venturi effect for the hot aerosol coming from the aerosol generating substrate 22 through the first cooling tube 23.
- the cooling section 12 is formed of a single hollow tubular segment, for example, a paper tube.
- the paper tube may have a basis weight of 80-100 g/m2, e.g., 82 g/m2, a thickness of 80-200 microns, e.g., 100 microns and a length of between 15 and 25 mm, e.g., 20 mm.
- the paper tube may comprise ventilation as aforementioned.
- the cooling section may further comprise, in addition to the paper tube, a tubular member such as a center hole segment formed cellulose acetate such as described in EP3881699.
- the hollow tubular segment may have a constant inner diameter and/or thickness. Ventilation may be provided in one or both of the cooling tubes.
- the ventilation may take the form of at least one row of perforations or holes provided through the wrapper and tube(s).
- the first and/or second cooling tube 23, 24 may be made of paper, plasticized cellulose acetate or polymer (such as PVA or PLA).
- the mouthpiece 13 comprises a filter 25 which filters the cooled generated aerosol coming from the second cooling tube 24, before exhaling this cooled generated aerosol towards the mouth of the user.
- the filter may be formed of a single segment or multiple segments. It may be made of a cellulose acetate tow or a gathered sheet of filtering paper or nonwoven made of natural cellulose.
- the aerosol cooling section 12 is surrounded by a vapor cooling section wrapper 31
- the mouthpiece 13 is surrounded by an inner wrapper 32.
- the dimension of the inner wrapper 32 may be sized to the length of the filter 25 or mouthpiece 13.
- An outer wrapper 33 is arranged for wrapping simultaneously both the mouthpiece 13 and the aerosol generating portion 11, as well as the aerosol cooling section 12.
- This common wrapper 33 preferably extends along the whole length of the aerosol generating article 10, and is also wrapped around the vapor cooling section wrapper 31.
- the common wrapper 33 may be formed of two separate overlapping sections. For instance, a first section of the wrapper 33 combines the aerosol generating portion 11 and the aerosol cooling section 12 to form a front sub-assembly. A second section combines the filter 25, as wrapped by the inner wrapper 32, and the front subassembly. The first and second sections overlaps to provide the final article.
- the aerosol generating portion 11 is surrounded by a heating wrapper 35.
- the heating wrapper 35 wraps both the front plug 21 and the aerosol generating substrate 22.
- On the internal side of this heating wrapper 35 is printed the heating track 40 which longitudinally extends longitudinally along a length substantially equal to aerosol generating substrate 22.
- the heating track extends along the same length as the aerosol generating substrate. The heating preferably ends before the front plug 21.
- Two electrodes 41 and 42 respectively located at both ends of the heating track 40 extend longitudinally so as to protrude from the aerosol generating portion 11 before being folded over on the external side of this heating wrapper 35, when the extension 34 of the heating wrapper 35 is folded over the main portion of the heating wrapper 35, along the dotted line separating extension 34 from the rest of the heating wrapper 35, so that extension 34 creates a hem on the external side of main portion of the heating wrapper 35.
- the heating wrapper 35 is surrounded by the outer common wrapper 33 e.g. an outer paper layer, along the whole length of the aerosol generating article 10.
- the heating wrapper 35 is an inner paper layer 32 onto which the heating track 40 is applied.
- the extension 34 which is a portion of this inner paper layer 35, is folded against the outer paper layer 33, so as to create a hem.
- the heating wrapper 35 is folded against the outer cigarette paper which is the stick outer paper 33, thereby creating a hem, such that the electrodes 41 and 42 are then on the outside surface of the aerosol generating article 10 which is shaped as a stick, while the resistor made by the heating track 40 is inside this stick and pressing against the aerosol generating substrate 22.
- the front plug or rigid body 21 is positioned adjacent the aerosol generating substrate 22 at the air inlet end of the aerosol generating article 10.
- the extension 34 of the heating wrapper 35 is folded on this front plug or rigid body 21, so that the electrodes 41 and 42, located on the folded extension 34 of the heating wrapper 35, can be pressed by this rigid body 21, against the electrical connectors 5 and 6 of the heating chamber 2 of the aerosol generating device 1, when the aerosol generating article 10 is inserted within the heating chamber 2 of the aerosol generating device 1.
- the front plug rigid body 21 in front of the aerosol generating substrate 22 is indeed used to ensure that the electrical connectors 5 and 6 inside the electronic part of the aerosol generating device 1 are pressing properly against the electrodes 41 and 42 of the heating track 40.
- the heating track 40 is made of a long and serial path of wire 47, different portions of the wire 47 being separated from one another by electrically isolating space 48.
- the electrical current, coming from electrode 41 circulates successively through four subparts 43, 44, 45 and 46, of the heating track 40, before coming towards electrode 42.
- the wire distribution is quite dense so that practically every portion of the external surface of the aerosol generating substrate 22 is rather uniformly heated.
- the diameter and the resistivity (by keeping the same conductive material for example) of the wire 47 are advantageously kept constant all along the heating track 40, thereby maintaining a practically constant resistance along the heating track 40, so as to heat more uniformly the aerosol generating substrate 22.
- the heating track 40 is printed on the inner side of the heating wrapper 32.
- the heating track 40 is in direct contact with the external surface of the aerosol generating substrate 22.
- the common wrapper or stick outer paper 33 is then sandwiched between the folded extension 34 of the heating wrapper 35 and the rest, which is the main portion, of the heating wrapper 35.
- the heating track 40 is a full serial path without any derivation.
- the heating track 40 extends radially over at least 90% of the periphery of the aerosol generating portion 11, about 95% of the periphery of the aerosol generating portion 11 .
- the heating track 40 comprises straight portions together connected by bends, and wherein the heating track comprises at least 100 of such bends.
- the heating track 40 comprises wires 47 encompassing a heating surface 48, wherein within such heating surface 48 any point is located at less than about 1mm from a wire 47 of the heating track 40.
- the heating track can be printed on the common wrapper 33 in the area of the aerosol generating substrate 22.
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
This invention relates to an aerosol generating article for being heated to produce an aerosol comprising: an aerosol generating portion (11) containing an aerosol generating substrate (22), a mouthpiece (13), a wrapper (35, 33) for wrapping the aerosol generating portion (11) and the mouthpiece (13), wherein the wrapper (35, 33) comprises at least one part comprising an electrically conducting heating track (40) heatable by resistive effect and configured for resistively heating the aerosol generating portion (11) and wherein the heating track (40) extends by electrodes (41, 42) on the wrapper (35, 33).
Description
AEROSOL GENERATING ARTICLE AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEM FOR GENERATING AEROSOL
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the technical field of aerosol generating articles and of systems for generating aerosol which comprise both an aerosol generating article and an aerosol generating device to heat this aerosol generating article.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Reduced-risk products have become popular alternatives to traditional tobacco products such as cigarettes. By contrast to these traditional products, which rely on combustion of tobacco, reduced-risk products typically produce a vapor or aerosol for inhalation by a user.
Heated substrate aerosol generating products, also known as heat-not-burn products, are one class of reduced-risk product. In a heated substrate aerosol generating device, an aerosol generating article containing a tobacco substrate with other suitable aerosolisable materials (e.g. humectants, flavours) is heated to a temperature that is sufficiently high to generate an aerosol from the substrate but not so high as to cause combustion of the substrate. This aerosol does not contain the undesired by-products that are generated when the material combusts.
A typical electrically heated substrate aerosol generating device contains a heating chamber that defines a cavity adapted to receive the aerosol -generating article, generally in the form of a stick to be heated. The substrate is heated inside the cavity in order to generate the desired aerosol and to deliver aerosol via puffs when the user inhales through the mouth end of the article. After exhaustion of the substrate in the article, and/or after a predetermined heating time and/or number of puffs controlled by the device, the aerosol -generating article must be removed and replaced by a fresh stick. Heated substrate aerosol generating devices are typically formed with a very compact construction so as to provide a hand-held device that is convenient to store and carry.
Generally, aerosol-generating article comprises a tobacco part (or other aerosol generating segment), a cooling or spacing part, and a mouthpiece.
It is advantageous to generate aerosol in sufficient amount, sufficiently quickly and consistently throughout the vaping session so that the vaping experience of the user is satisfactory.
An aerosol generating device comprising a thin-film heater surrounding the receiving cavity (“oven”) for heating the aerosol generating is known. However, this technology may have some disadvantages, such as long warming-up, insufficient aerosol or inconsistent aerosol delivery or accumulation of residues in the oven.
It is also known to use induction technology for heating the substrate and generating aerosol. For example, WO2017036951 describes a wrapper comprising magnetically activable heating material which generates eddy currents. This technology is technical complex, because of the magnetic induction activation circuit implemented in the associated aerosol generating device. The energy efficiency may not be optimized because of the eddy currents within the aerosol generating article which can create inhomogeneous heating, e.g. hot spots in the substrate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to alleviate at least partly the above-mentioned drawbacks.
More particularly, the invention aims to provide for a simple heating structure, which allows for both rather uniform and efficient heating of the section of the heat-not-burn consumable part which contains flavor, so as to exhale flavor in a satisfactory manner for the user, while avoiding as much as possible any burning of this heat-not-burn consumable part out of health grounds for the user.
Therefore, according to one principle of the invention, an electrically conductive heating track is implemented next to the aerosol substrate of the aerosol -generating article, and this heating track is heated by resistive effect when receiving power from a power supply of the aerosol generating device. The power supply can provide an electrical current along a path of the heating track which behaves like an electrical resistor powered by an electrical generator, for instance either an electrical voltage source or an electrical current source.
Hence, the energy supply is more efficient, o by avoiding the usual air gap lying between the aerosol generating article and the internal wall of the heating chamber of the aerosol generating device, which is the internal wall of the cavity of the heating chamber, o by avoiding heat to have to pass through the wrapper of the aerosol generating article, thereby leading both to higher heat efficiency and lower energy consumption,
Moreover, the cleaning of the heating chamber of the aerosol generating device is no longer an issue.
This object is achieved with an aerosol generating article for being heated to produce an aerosol comprising: an aerosol generating portion containing an aerosol generating substrate, a mouthpiece, a wrapper for wrapping the aerosol generating portion and the mouthpiece, wherein the wrapper comprises at least one part comprising an electrically conducting heating track heatable by resistive effect and configured for resistively heating the aerosol generating portion and wherein the heating track extends by electrodes on the wrapper.
This object is also achieved with a system for generating aerosol comprising an aerosol generating article according to the invention, wherein it comprises a device comprising an electrical power source and electrical connectors configured to connect to the electrodes extending the heating track of the article, when the aerosol generating article is inserted within the heating chamber of the device.
This object is still achieved with an aerosol generating device comprising a device comprising an electrical power source and electrical connectors configured to connect to the electrodes extending the heating track of the aerosol generating article according to the invention, when the aerosol generating article is inserted within the heating chamber of the aerosol generating device. Such aerosol generating device comprises no electrically conducting heating track, because the electrically conducting heating track is implemented within the aerosol generating article which is a consumable part of the system for generating aerosol.
According to embodiments of the invention, the heater is kept closer to the aerosol generating substrate, so as to avoid heat losses, to increase energy efficiency and to improve aerosol flavor taste during the vaping experience of the user.
According to embodiments of the invention, the increased energy efficiency can lead to reduce the size of the electrical battery contained within the aerosol generating device, and therefore participates to improve the miniaturization of the aerosol generating device.
Preferred embodiments comprise one or more of the following features, which can be taken separately or together, either in partial combination or in full combination, with any of previously cited objects of the invention.
Preferably, the heating track is printed on the inner side of the wrapper or of a wrapping layer of the wrapper.
Hence, there is as fewer wrapping layer between the aerosol generating substrate and the heating track as possible, thereby leading both to still better vaping experience and to still lower energy consumption.
Preferably, the heating track is in direct contact with the aerosol generating substrate.
Hence, the energy efficiency is improved to provide still better vaping experience and lower energy consumption.
Preferably, the aerosol generating article comprises an outer paper layer, wherein the wrapper comprises an inner paper layer onto which the heating track is applied, wherein a portion of the inner paper layer is folded against the outer paper layer to create a hem, and wherein the electrodes are positioned on the folded portion of the inner paper layer.
Preferably, the wrapper comprises said outer paper layer and the inner paper layer is folded against the outer paper layer.
Hence, a double advantage is obtained: not only are most external paper layers surrounding and covering the aerosol generating article located between the aerosol generating substrate and the heating track removed, thereby leading both to still better vaping experience and to still lower energy consumption, but also are the electrodes made more easily accessible to the electric circuit of the aerosol generating device, thereby leading to still improved structure simplicity and energy efficiency of the whole aerosol generating system.
Preferably, the inner paper layer has a basis weight comprised between 30 and 60 g/m2. These values of paper basis weight enable to facilitate manufacturability of the aerosol generating article while also providing a sufficient stiffness to the article for proper handling and insertion in the device.
Preferably, a rigid body is positioned adjacent the aerosol generating portion at the air inlet end of the article and the inner paper is folded on the rigid body.
Hence, not only is the robustness of the whole aerosol generating article improved, but also the quality of the electrical contact between on the side the electrodes of the heating track of the aerosol generating article and on the other side the electrical connectors of the aerosol generating device is improved.
Preferably, the heating track is printed by electrically conductive ink containing metal or reduced graphene oxide. The heating track can advantageously be printed by inkjet. Alternatively, the heating track can be printed by other technologies such as mask printing.
Hence, the manufacturing process of the heating track and of the whole aerosol generating article is made simpler.
Preferably, the thickness of the printed layer of the heating track is equal to or lower than about 1 micrometer (pm).
Advantageously, the range of the thickness of the printed layer of the heating track is comprised between 0.25pm and 2pm, or between 0.5pm and 1.5pm.
Hence, this quite low thickness of the printed layer of the heating track allows for a higher linear resistance and hence for a higher energy dissipation leading to a higher energy transfer
to the aerosol generating portion thereby making more efficient the heating of this aerosol generating portion.
Preferably, the electrodes are made of gold, or copper, or silver, or chromium, or a combination thereof.
The heating track is made of a conductive metal which can be for example gold, or copper, or bronze or silver, or a combination thereof, or of a Reduced Graphene Oxide for example.
Hence, an efficient range of resistivity for the heating track and of the electrodes is more easily achievable.
Preferably, the heating track is a full serial path without any derivation. More preferably, the heating track has a meandering serial path.
Hence, a higher level of current intensity, altogether more uniform along the whole serial path, exists everywhere in the heating track thereby leading to higher energy efficiency of this heating track when transferring energy by resistive effect to the aerosol generating portion.
Preferably, the heating track extends over at least 50% of the periphery of the aerosol generating portion, or over at least 75% of the periphery of the aerosol generating portion, over at least 90% of the periphery of the aerosol generating portion. The periphery of the aerosol generating portion is the value of the circumference of the aerosol generating portion in a crosssection orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the aerosol generating portion.
Hence, the heating of the aerosol generating portion by resistive effect is even more uniformly distributed by the circulation of electric current along the heating track.
Preferably, the heating track comprises straight portions connected together by bends, and wherein the heating track comprises at least 60 such bends, or at least 80 such bends, or at least 100 such bends.
Hence, the heating of the aerosol generating portion by resistive effect is even more uniformly distributed by the circulation of electric current along the heating track which is more evenly distributed over the external surface of the aerosol generating substrate.
Preferably, the heating track comprises wires encompassing a heating surface, wherein within such heating surface any point is located at less than 3mm from a wire of the heating track, or at less than 2mm from a wire of the heating track, or at less than 1mm from a wire of the heating track.
Hence, the heating of the aerosol generating portion by resistive effect is even more uniformly distributed by the circulation of electric current along the heating track.
Advantageously, the aerosol generating article is a rod-shaped stick.
Advantageously, the heating track is distributed, evenly and regularly, around the periphery (i.e. along the external surface) of the aerosol generating substrate, so as to heat uniformly or more uniformly this aerosol generating substrate.
Further features and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description of embodiments of the invention, given as non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings listed hereunder.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 shows schematically an example of a system for generating aerosol which comprises both an aerosol generating article and an aerosol generating device to heat this aerosol generating article, according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows an example of an aerosol generating article to be heated by an aerosol generating device, according to an embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As used herein, the term “aerosol” may include a suspension of vaporizable material as one or more of: solid particles; liquid droplets; gas. Said suspension may be in a gas including air. Aerosol herein may generally refer to/include a vapor. Aerosol may include one or more components of the vaporizable material.
As used herein, the term “aerosol-generating substrate” may refer to a smokable material which may for example comprise nicotine or tobacco or other nicotinoid material and an aerosol former. Tobacco may take the form of various materials such as shredded tobacco, granulated tobacco, tobacco leaf and/or reconstituted tobacco. Suitable aerosol formers include: a polyol such as sorbitol, glycerol, and glycols like propylene glycol or triethylene glycol; a non-polyol such as monohydric alcohols, acids such as lactic acid, glycerol derivatives, esters such as triacetin, triethylene glycol diacetate, triethyl citrate, glycerin or vegetable glycerin. In some embodiments, the aerosol generating agent may be glycerol, propylene glycol, or a mixture of glycerol and propylene glycol. The content of aerosol former may be present in an amount of from 5 to 30 wt.% in dry basis, preferably 10 to 20 wt.% in dry basis. The substrate may also comprise at least one of a gelling agent, a binding agent, a stabilizing agent, and a humectant. The substrate may contain non-tobacco flavours such as menthol, fruit or spices. Fig. 1 shows
schematically an example of a system for generating aerosol which comprises both an aerosol generating article and an aerosol generating device to heat this aerosol generating article, according to an embodiment of the invention.
An aerosol generating device 1 comprises a heating chamber 2 in which an aerosol generating article 10 is inserted by a sliding movement or translation along the direction shown by the arrows. The insertion direction is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cavity of the heating chamber 2. This aerosol generating device 1 also comprises an electrical power generator 3, either an electrical voltage source or an electrical current source, with electrical wires 4 ended by electrical connectors 5 and 6 protruding within the heating chamber 2 from the internal wall of the cavity of the heating chamber 2.
Once fully inserted within the heating chamber 2, the aerosol generating article 10 will be positioned such that its first electrodes 41 and second electrode 42 are respectively in contact with the protruding electrical connectors 5 and 6 of the aerosol generating device 1, and are preferably pressing against these protruding electrical connectors 5 and 6. Thereby, a closed electrical circuit exists where the electrical current coming from the generator 3 follows respectively the wire 4, the electrical connector 5, the first electrode 41, the whole heating track 40 which belongs to the aerosol generating article 1, the second electrode 42, the electrical connector 6, the wire 4 and comes back to the generator 3.
The electrical current circulates along the heating track 40, thereby dissipating energy by resistive effect, which energy directly heats the aerosol generating substrate of the aerosol generating article 1, leading to aerosol generation for the user through the mouthpiece of the aerosol generating article 1.
Once removed from the heating chamber 2, there will be an empty heating chamber 2 which will remain clean, because the energy transfer by resistive effect from heating track 40 to aerosol generating substrate will have entirely taken place within the aerosol generating article 10, leaving the heating chamber 2 totally clean.
To make easier contact between on the one side the electrodes 41 and 42 and on the other side the protruding electrical connectors 5 and 6, when inserting the aerosol generating article 10 within the heating chamber 2, either the electrodes 41 and 42 and/or the protruding electrical connectors 5 and 6 can be beveled.
Fig. 2 shows an example of an aerosol generating article to be heated by an aerosol generating device, according to an embodiment of the invention.
The aerosol generating article 10 comprises several successive longitudinally aligned sections from one end to the other end: the aerosol generating portion 11, the aerosol cooling section 12, the mouthpiece 13.
The aerosol generating portion 11 comprises a front plug 21 longitudinally aligned with an aerosol generating substrate 22. The aerosol generating substrate is preferably wrapped individually with a wrapping paper to form a cylindrical tobacco plug 22. For example, the aerosol generating substrate or tobacco rod 22 is wrapped by, e.g. a standard cigarette paper and is formed from a long rod which is cut at the proper rod’s length before assembling with the front plug.
The front plug may be formed of filter material such as a cellulose acetate tow or a gathered sheet of filtering paper or nonwoven made of natural cellulose. The front plug may form a plug of filter material with a tubular configuration as represented or a filled configuration (not represented). The front plug may have various function, in particular, retaining the aerosol generating substrate within the rod 22, controlling the resistance to draw of the article, decreasing the ability of the article to combust, etc. In the present case, the front plug has also the purpose to form a firm support to the electrical connectors.
When the aerosol generating substrate 22 is heated, it generates hot aerosol.
In a possible alternative, the front plug is omitted and the aerosol generating section 11 is only formed by the aerosol generating substrate or tobacco rod 22. In this case, it is possible to have the heating wrapper 35 in direct contact with the material of the aerosol generating substrate. The wrapping paper of the tobacco rod can be omitted.
The aerosol cooling section 12 comprises a first cooling tube 23 longitudinally aligned with a second cooling tube 24. The second cooling tube 24 has a smaller internal diameter than the first cooling tube 23, so as to constitute a Venturi structure so as to make a Venturi effect for the hot aerosol coming from the aerosol generating substrate 22 through the first cooling tube 23. In an alternative (not shown), the cooling section 12 is formed of a single hollow tubular segment, for example, a paper tube. For example, the paper tube may have a basis weight of 80-100 g/m2, e.g., 82 g/m2, a thickness of 80-200 microns, e.g., 100 microns and a length of between 15 and 25 mm, e.g., 20 mm. The paper tube may comprise ventilation as aforementioned. The cooling section may further comprise, in addition to the paper tube, a tubular member such as a center hole segment formed cellulose acetate such as described in EP3881699. The hollow tubular segment may have a constant inner diameter and/or thickness. Ventilation may be provided in one or both of the cooling tubes. The ventilation may take the form of at least one row of perforations or holes provided through the wrapper and tube(s). The first and/or second cooling tube 23, 24 may be made of paper, plasticized cellulose acetate or polymer (such as PVA or PLA).
The mouthpiece 13 comprises a filter 25 which filters the cooled generated aerosol coming from the second cooling tube 24, before exhaling this cooled generated aerosol towards
the mouth of the user. The filter may be formed of a single segment or multiple segments. It may be made of a cellulose acetate tow or a gathered sheet of filtering paper or nonwoven made of natural cellulose.
The aerosol cooling section 12 is surrounded by a vapor cooling section wrapper 31
The mouthpiece 13 is surrounded by an inner wrapper 32. The dimension of the inner wrapper 32 may be sized to the length of the filter 25 or mouthpiece 13.
An outer wrapper 33 is arranged for wrapping simultaneously both the mouthpiece 13 and the aerosol generating portion 11, as well as the aerosol cooling section 12. This common wrapper 33 preferably extends along the whole length of the aerosol generating article 10, and is also wrapped around the vapor cooling section wrapper 31.
In a possible variant (not shown), the common wrapper 33 may be formed of two separate overlapping sections. For instance, a first section of the wrapper 33 combines the aerosol generating portion 11 and the aerosol cooling section 12 to form a front sub-assembly. A second section combines the filter 25, as wrapped by the inner wrapper 32, and the front subassembly. The first and second sections overlaps to provide the final article.
The aerosol generating portion 11 is surrounded by a heating wrapper 35. The heating wrapper 35 wraps both the front plug 21 and the aerosol generating substrate 22. On the internal side of this heating wrapper 35 is printed the heating track 40 which longitudinally extends longitudinally along a length substantially equal to aerosol generating substrate 22. Preferably, the heating track extends along the same length as the aerosol generating substrate. The heating preferably ends before the front plug 21. Two electrodes 41 and 42 respectively located at both ends of the heating track 40, extend longitudinally so as to protrude from the aerosol generating portion 11 before being folded over on the external side of this heating wrapper 35, when the extension 34 of the heating wrapper 35 is folded over the main portion of the heating wrapper 35, along the dotted line separating extension 34 from the rest of the heating wrapper 35, so that extension 34 creates a hem on the external side of main portion of the heating wrapper 35.
The heating wrapper 35 is surrounded by the outer common wrapper 33 e.g. an outer paper layer, along the whole length of the aerosol generating article 10. The heating wrapper 35 is an inner paper layer 32 onto which the heating track 40 is applied. The extension 34, which is a portion of this inner paper layer 35, is folded against the outer paper layer 33, so as to create a hem.
When looking at a cross-section of the fully assembled aerosol generating article 10, at aerosol generating article 22 level, there are, extending radially from outside toward inside, following layers: folded extension 34 of heating wrapper 35, common outer layer 33 which is
also the outer paper layer 33, main portion of heating wrapper 32 which is also the inner paper layer 32, heating track 40, external surface of aerosol generating substrate 22.
The heating wrapper 35 is folded against the outer cigarette paper which is the stick outer paper 33, thereby creating a hem, such that the electrodes 41 and 42 are then on the outside surface of the aerosol generating article 10 which is shaped as a stick, while the resistor made by the heating track 40 is inside this stick and pressing against the aerosol generating substrate 22.
The front plug or rigid body 21 is positioned adjacent the aerosol generating substrate 22 at the air inlet end of the aerosol generating article 10. The extension 34 of the heating wrapper 35 is folded on this front plug or rigid body 21, so that the electrodes 41 and 42, located on the folded extension 34 of the heating wrapper 35, can be pressed by this rigid body 21, against the electrical connectors 5 and 6 of the heating chamber 2 of the aerosol generating device 1, when the aerosol generating article 10 is inserted within the heating chamber 2 of the aerosol generating device 1.
The front plug rigid body 21 in front of the aerosol generating substrate 22 is indeed used to ensure that the electrical connectors 5 and 6 inside the electronic part of the aerosol generating device 1 are pressing properly against the electrodes 41 and 42 of the heating track 40.
The heating track 40 is made of a long and serial path of wire 47, different portions of the wire 47 being separated from one another by electrically isolating space 48. The electrical current, coming from electrode 41 circulates successively through four subparts 43, 44, 45 and 46, of the heating track 40, before coming towards electrode 42. The wire distribution is quite dense so that practically every portion of the external surface of the aerosol generating substrate 22 is rather uniformly heated. The diameter and the resistivity (by keeping the same conductive material for example) of the wire 47 are advantageously kept constant all along the heating track 40, thereby maintaining a practically constant resistance along the heating track 40, so as to heat more uniformly the aerosol generating substrate 22.
Thanks to the full radial extension of the four subparts 43, 44, 45 and 46, of the heating track 40 all around the aerosol generating substrate 22, when the heating wrapper 32 is folded around the aerosol generating substrate 22, this aerosol generating substrate 22 is even more uniformly heated. The heating track 40 is printed on the inner side of the heating wrapper 32. The heating track 40 is in direct contact with the external surface of the aerosol generating substrate 22. The common wrapper or stick outer paper 33 is then sandwiched between the folded extension 34 of the heating wrapper 35 and the rest, which is the main portion, of the heating wrapper 35.
The heating track 40 is a full serial path without any derivation. The heating track 40 extends radially over at least 90% of the periphery of the aerosol generating portion 11, about 95% of the periphery of the aerosol generating portion 11 . The heating track 40 comprises straight portions together connected by bends, and wherein the heating track comprises at least 100 of such bends. The heating track 40 comprises wires 47 encompassing a heating surface 48, wherein within such heating surface 48 any point is located at less than about 1mm from a wire 47 of the heating track 40.
In a further example, the heating track can be printed on the common wrapper 33 in the area of the aerosol generating substrate 22.
The invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments. However, many variations are possible within the scope of the invention.
Claims
1. An aerosol generating article for being heated to produce an aerosol comprising: An aerosol generating portion (11) containing an aerosol generating substrate (22), A mouthpiece (13),
A wrapper (35, 33) for wrapping the aerosol generating portion (11) and the mouthpiece (13),
Wherein the wrapper (35, 33) comprises at least one part comprising an electrically conducting heating track (40) heatable by resistive effect and configured for resistively heating the aerosol generating portion (11) and wherein the heating track (40) extends by electrodes (41, 42) on the wrapper (35, 33).
2. Aerosol generating article according to claim 1, wherein the heating track (40) is printed on the inner side of the wrapper (35, 33).
3. Aerosol generating article according to claim 2, wherein the heating track (40) is in direct contact with the aerosol generating substrate (22).
4. Aerosol generating article according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aerosol generating article (10) comprises an outer paper layer (33), wherein the wrapper (35, 33) comprises an inner paper layer (35) onto which the heating track (40) is applied, wherein a portion (34) of the inner paper layer is folded against the outer paper layer (33) to create a hem, and wherein the electrodes are positioned on the folded portion (34) of the inner paper layer (35).
5. Aerosol generating article according to claim 4, wherein the wrapper (35, 33) comprises said outer paper layer (33) and the inner paper layer (35) is folded against the outer paper layer (33).
6. Aerosol generating article according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the inner paper layer (35) has a basis weight comprised between 30 and 60 g/m2.
7. Aerosol generating article according to claim 6, wherein a rigid body (21) is positioned adjacent the aerosol generating portion (11) at the air inlet end of the article (10) and the inner paper (35) is folded on the rigid body (21).
8. Aerosol generating article according to claims 1-7, wherein the heating track (40) is printed by electrically conductive ink containing metal or reduced graphene oxide.
9. Aerosol generating article according to claim 8, wherein the thickness of the printed layer of the heating track (40) is equal to or lower than about 1 micrometer.
10. Aerosol generating article according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the electrodes (41, 42) are made of gold, or copper, or silver, or chromium, or a combination thereof.
11. Aerosol generating article according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the heating track (40) is a full serial path without any derivation.
12. Aerosol generating article according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the heating track (40) extends over at least 50% of the periphery of the aerosol generating portion (11), or over at least 75% of the periphery of the aerosol generating portion (11), over at least 90% of the periphery of the aerosol generating portion (11).
13. Aerosol generating article according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the heating track (40) comprises straight portions connected together by bends, and wherein the heating track (40) comprises at least 60 such bends, or at least 80 such bends, or at least 100 such bends.
14. Aerosol generating article according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the heating track (40) comprises wires (47) encompassing a heating surface (48), wherein within such heating surface (48) any point is located at less than 3mm from a wire (47) of the heating track (40), or at less than 2mm from a wire (47) of the heating track (40), or at less than 1mm from a wire (47) of the heating track (40).
15. A system for generating aerosol comprising an aerosol generating article (10) according to any of claims 1-14, wherein it comprises a device (1) comprising an electrical power source (3) and electrical connectors (5, 6) configured to connect to the electrodes (41, 42) extending the heating track (40) of the article (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23186729.2 | 2023-07-20 | ||
| EP23186729 | 2023-07-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2025017120A1 true WO2025017120A1 (en) | 2025-01-23 |
Family
ID=87429167
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/070383 Pending WO2025017120A1 (en) | 2023-07-20 | 2024-07-18 | Aerosol generating article and associated system for generating aerosol |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2025017120A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20170055581A1 (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-02 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material |
| EP3881699A1 (en) | 2018-11-14 | 2021-09-22 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Non-combustion heated smoking article and non-combustion heated smoking system |
| US20220218023A1 (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-14 | Sobota HnB Technologies LLC | Vaporizer for smoking cigarettes with individual heater |
| US20220408812A1 (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2022-12-29 | Kt&G Corporation | Heater for aerosol generating device |
-
2024
- 2024-07-18 WO PCT/EP2024/070383 patent/WO2025017120A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20170055581A1 (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-02 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material |
| WO2017036951A1 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-09 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material |
| EP3881699A1 (en) | 2018-11-14 | 2021-09-22 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Non-combustion heated smoking article and non-combustion heated smoking system |
| US20220408812A1 (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2022-12-29 | Kt&G Corporation | Heater for aerosol generating device |
| US20220218023A1 (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-14 | Sobota HnB Technologies LLC | Vaporizer for smoking cigarettes with individual heater |
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