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WO2025016537A1 - Zones de détection d'écoute avant de parler pour différents schémas de modulation et de codage - Google Patents

Zones de détection d'écoute avant de parler pour différents schémas de modulation et de codage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025016537A1
WO2025016537A1 PCT/EP2023/069897 EP2023069897W WO2025016537A1 WO 2025016537 A1 WO2025016537 A1 WO 2025016537A1 EP 2023069897 W EP2023069897 W EP 2023069897W WO 2025016537 A1 WO2025016537 A1 WO 2025016537A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sta
transmission power
packet
transmission
stas
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PCT/EP2023/069897
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English (en)
Inventor
Abhishek AMBEDE
Leif Wilhelmsson
Rocco Di Taranto
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Priority to PCT/EP2023/069897 priority Critical patent/WO2025016537A1/fr
Publication of WO2025016537A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025016537A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/28—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non-transmission
    • H04W52/286—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non-transmission during data packet transmission, e.g. high speed packet access [HSPA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
    • H04W52/241—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account channel quality metrics, e.g. SIR, SNR, CIR or Eb/lo
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/26—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W52/262—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service] taking into account adaptive modulation and coding [AMC] scheme
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/28—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non-transmission
    • H04W52/281—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non-transmission taking into account user or data type priority
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H04W52/383—TPC being performed in particular situations power control in peer-to-peer links
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/54—Signalisation aspects of the TPC commands, e.g. frame structure

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and in particular, to management of signaling and signaling parameters used to communicate using listen before talk (LBT) processes.
  • LBT listen before talk
  • Wi-Fi also known as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a technology that currently mainly operates in the 2.4 GHz, the 5 GHz band, and the 6 GHz band.
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • PHY physical
  • MAC medium access layer
  • Wi-Fi is generally operated in license-exempt bands, and as such, communication over Wi-Fi may be subject to interference sources from any number of known and unknown devices.
  • Wi-Fi is commonly used as wireless extensions to fixed broadband access, e.g., in domestic environments and hotspots, like airports, train stations and restaurants.
  • the NAV is an indicator, maintained by each STA, of time periods when transmission onto the wireless medium should not be initiated by the STA regardless of whether the STA’s CS/ CCA mechanism assesses the medium to be “busy” or “idle”. Similar to the CS/ CCA mechanism using PD threshold, this virtual NAV mechanism is limited to be effective only within a specific technology - in this case, Wi-Fi.
  • This mechanism involving request-to-send (RTS) and clear-to-send (CTS) control frames can be used by a transmitter STA immediately prior to transmitting a data packet or a burst of data packets to one or more receiver STAs, for example, for:
  • TXOP transmit opportunity
  • OBSS overlapping BSSs
  • the STA may first transmit a CTS frame with the receiver address (RA) field equal to its own MAC address - this frame is termed as a CTS-to-self frame. Similar to the RTS/ CTS mechanism, the duration value in the CTS-to-self frame protects the pending transmission, plus possibly an acknowledgement frame.
  • RA receiver address
  • Both RTS/CTS and CTS-to-self mechanisms are optional and are not used for all data packet transmissions. Because the additional RTS/ CTS/ CTS-to-self frames add overhead inefficiency, these mechanisms are not always justified, especially for short data packets. For instance, the RTS/CTS mechanism may only be used if the length of the PSDU to be communicated exceeds a threshold value indicated by dotl IRTSThreshold. Compared to the RTS/CTS mechanism, the CTS-to-self mechanism is lower in network overhead cost but is less robust against hidden nodes and collisions.
  • the IEEE 802.1 lax amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard describes the BSS coloring mechanism.
  • an IEEE 802.1 lax client can rapidly determine the difference between inter- and intra-BSS packets by inspecting the BSS Color sub-field contained in the PHY header of all IEEE 802.1 lax compliant packets.
  • the BSS color identifies a BSS and assists a STA receiving a packet that carries BSS color in identifying the BSS from which the packet originated so that the STA can perform different actions, e.g., use different channel access rules by applying different PD thresholds for intra-BSS and inter-BSS packets.
  • the OBSS PD-based spatial reuse mechanism may allow a STA to use a relatively relaxed PD threshold for inter-BSS packets compared to packets from its own BSS, thereby allowing for more aggressive channel access, albeit with transmit (TX) power restrictions, and greater spatial reuse opportunities.
  • TX transmit
  • OBSS packets are detected by a STA below the relaxed PD threshold, the packets may be ignored, and the STA can undertake its own pending transmission without deferring.
  • the IEEE 802.1 lax amendment describes a High Efficiency (HE) Extended Range (ER) Single User (SU) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) format that can be used to transmit packets to STAs suffering from large path losses, i.e., those suffering from poor coverage.
  • HE High Efficiency
  • ER Extended Range
  • SU Single User
  • PPDU Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit
  • the data field of a HE ER SU PPDU is more powerfully (robustly) encoded using repetition/duplication techniques such as dual carrier modulation (DCM), that may allow for decoding of the data fields in poor signal- to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions.
  • DCM dual carrier modulation
  • SNR signal- to-noise ratio
  • parameters such as time and frequency must be properly estimated and the channel estimation must also be sufficiently accurate.
  • the preamble is used by other legacy devices, it cannot be changed in a corresponding way as the data field. Instead, to ensure that also the preamble achieves a similarly enhanced coverage as the data field in an HE ER SU PPDU, the TX power of the preamble fields is boosted by 3 dB to improve the probability of successfully detecting the packet and decoding the preamble. As its name indicates, the intended usage of HE ER SU PPDU is for range extension, and it is only specified for low data-rate packets.
  • modulations from BPSK all the way up to 1024-QAM are supported for the data fields.
  • supported modulation and coding schemes range from MCS0 to MCS11, wherein the lower index indicates the most robust MCS that provides the lowest data-rate (binary phase shift keyed (BPSK) modulation, code rate 1/2) and the highest index indicates the least robust MCS that provides the highest data-rate (1024-QAM modulation, code rate 5/6).
  • BPSK binary phase shift keyed
  • the next generation major IEEE 802.11 amendment namely the IEEE 802.1 Ibe amendment, is currently being developed and supports even higher modulation orders and data-rates than the IEEE 802.1 lax amendment, e.g., 4096-QAM modulation is supported.
  • the minimum required SNR or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) to successfully decode a signal with high probability increases as the modulation order is increased, and correspondingly higher minimum SNRs/ SINRs are required to decode higher data-rate MCSs.
  • the TX signal quality requirements e.g., in terms of constellation error, error vector magnitude (EVM), modulation accuracy of the transmit signal
  • EVM error vector magnitude
  • PPAs power amplifiers
  • DPD digital pre-distortion
  • CFR crest factor reduction
  • STAs such as Wi-Fi STAs may include access points (APs) and non-APs.
  • An AP may refer to an entity that is configured to provide access to a network (e.g., to distribution system services, enable or create a wireless local area network that can be used by other STAs such as non-APs), while a non-AP may refer to a STA that is different from an AP, i.e., not configured to provide access to a network, configured to communicate with an AP to access a network or communicate with other non-AP STAs, etc.
  • the latest generation Wi-Fi devices for example Wi-Fi 6 APs, are known to back off their TX powers quite significantly for higher data-rate MCSs.
  • Wi-Fi radio implementations in non-AP STAs are smaller, less complex, and cheaper than those in APs and thus non-AP STAs can be expected to back off their TX powers even more.
  • future Wi-Fi devices will support even higher data-rate MCSs (e.g., next-generation IEEE 802.1 Ibe supports up to 4096-QAM modulation) than today’s latest IEEE 802.1 lax compliant Wi-Fi devices and can be expected to back off their TX powers even more.
  • AGC is typically employed to set/ tune the receiver gain so that a signal being received will be within the limited dynamic range of the analog as well as digital front-ends of the radio receiver, thereby allowing for the possibility of decoding of the signal as needed in the later digital baseband stage.
  • the standardized Wi-Fi PPDU formats across different IEEE 802.11 generations have included at least one suitable field in the preamble intended for receiver gain setting using AGC. Some examples are illustrated in FIG. 2 using blocks with thick dotted lines. As can be observed, the L-STF field is present in PPDUs of all shown Wi-Fi generations and is the first field of a PPDU that is used for receiver gain setting, along with its other uses.
  • the L-STF field has been present since the very early Wi-Fi generations.
  • fields such as the HT-STF (defined in IEEE 802.1 In, see Section 19.3.9.4.5 HT-STF), VHT-STF (defined in IEEE 802.11ac, see Section 21.3.8.3.4 VHT-STF definition), HE-STF (defined in IEEE 802.1 lax, see Section 27.3.11.9 HE-STF field), and EHT-STF (defined in IEEE P802.1 Ibe, see Section 36.3.12.9 EHT-STF) have been introduced among other things improve AGC performance while receiving a MIMO transmission.
  • HT-STF defined in IEEE 802.1 In, see Section 19.3.9.4.5 HT-STF
  • VHT-STF defined in IEEE 802.11ac, see Section 21.3.8.3.4 VHT-STF definition
  • HE-STF defined in IEEE 802.1 lax, see Section 27.3.11.9 HE-STF field
  • EHT-STF defined in IEEE P802.1 Ibe, see Section 36.3.12.9
  • These generationspecific STF fields provide the receivers of PPDUs with an additional opportunity after the L-STF to tune the AGC.
  • This additional AGC tuning specifically helps for receiving the subsequent parts of the PPDUs (that arrive after the generation-specific STF field) that may arrive with a different receive (RX) power than the preceding parts. For example, when a PPDU transmitter uses beamforming for the subsequent parts, these parts may arrive at the intended receiver(s) with a higher RX power than the preceding parts due to the underlying TX beamforming gain.
  • Wi-Fi devices especially those involved in MIMO communications, may have the ability to tune their receiver gain at least twice while receiving a PPDU - first while receiving the L-STF at the start of the PPDU, and then while receiving the subsequent generation-specific STF.
  • the preamble portion of an IEEE 802.11 packet is useful for multiple critical actions, e.g., detecting the packet, performing frequency offset estimation, channel estimation, determining necessary information (e.g., MCS used) for decoding the data field, etc.
  • the different preamble fields are therefore specified such that they can be robustly detected and decoded.
  • the L-SIG and generation-specific SIG fields are typically modulated using the most robust and low data-rate MCSs.
  • RX power for the preamble as for the subsequent data portion the packet.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of different LBT detection areas for different MCSs in downlink.
  • the maximum TX power that can be used by the AP is typically lower for higher data-rate MCSs.
  • the AP transmits downlink packets with different MCSs over time (e.g., due to varying channel conditions) and using corresponding maximum possible TX powers to the same STA(s), e.g., STA1 or STA2, the other STAs in the vicinity, e.g., STA3 and STA4. may or may not be able to detect all the packets (due to correspondingly varying preamble powers).
  • STA3 and STA4 need not belong to the same BSS that is managed by the AP.
  • This inconsistency in the LBT detection area is not desirable and can cause deterioration in overall performance due to increased collisions especially when transmitting higher data-rate (higher MCS) packets that require significantly backed off TX power.
  • the resulting interference situation can become worse if techniques such as OBSS PD-based spatial reuse discussed in the “BSS coloring and OBSS PD-based spatial reuse in IEEE 802.1 lax” section are used.
  • the STA may undertake signaling to help with determining the power level difference between the preamble and the data fields, e.g., to ensure that the AGC gain setting/tuning works according to one or more rules at the intended receiver(s) of the data packets (i.e., receiver STA).
  • At least some of the signaling occurs during the transmission of the packet itself and corresponding information is included in the first portion.
  • At least some of the signaling occurs before the transmission of the packet, e.g., during association or using a control frame or a management frame or a prior data packet.
  • the change of TX power setting between the first portion and the second portion is made at a time where other TX settings for a specific intended receiver are also potentially changed, where other TX settings may include TX bandwidth or TX beamforming settings.
  • the length (and thus duration) of the first portion is extended by a suitable amount to provide some extra time to the intended receiver(s) of the second portion to prepare for receiving the second portion at a different power level than the first portion.
  • the minimum SNR required to decode the first portion is lower than the minimum SNR required to decode the second portion.
  • the maximum TX power that can be used by a device for transmitting the second portion is lower than the maximum TX power that can be used for transmitting the first portion.
  • the wireless communications are based on a Wireless Local Area Network technology according to the IEEE 802.11 family of standards.
  • the first portion corresponds to a preamble portion and the second portion corresponds to a data field portion.
  • the preamble portion contains at least the legacy preamble, which comprises L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG.
  • a device e.g., transmitting STA is configured to transmit the packet as described herein.
  • a wireless transmitter may enable a consistent or suitable LBT detection area for different packet transmissions with varying MCSs.
  • a transmitter of a PPDU can ensure that the LBT detection area is independent of or better matched to the MCS used for encoding the data field.
  • one or more embodiments address the LBT challenges arising due to a key practical TX power limitation of different device implementations, i.e., that involves backing off TX power for higher data-rate MCSs.
  • a first station configured to communicate with one or more other STAs using at least a packet.
  • the packet includes a first portion and a second portion.
  • the first STA includes processing circuitry configured to determine a first transmission power setting for the first portion of the packet and a second transmission power setting for the second portion of the packet.
  • the first portion is associated with a first service area
  • the second portion is associated with a second service area.
  • the first service area is larger than the second service area.
  • a first transmission power given by the first transmission power setting is higher than a second transmission power given by the second transmission power setting.
  • the packet is transmitted by the first STA to the one or more other STAs using the first transmission power setting for the first portion and the second transmission power setting for the second portion.
  • the transmission of the packet causes a first probability of a second STA of the one or more other STAs located in the first service area to decode the first portion of the packet to be higher than a second probability of the second STA to decode the second portion of the packet.
  • the first transmission power setting is one of independent of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) used for encoding the second portion and changed to increase the first transmission power when the second transmission power is decreased.
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • one or more of the processing circuitry is further configured to cause transmission of signaling comprising information usable for determining a power level difference between the first portion and second portion; at least a signaling portion of the signaling is transmitted during the transmission of the packet; the information is included in the first portion of the packet; the at least signaling portion of the signaling is transmitted before the transmission of the packet; the at least signaling portion is transmitted during an association process involving the first STA; and the at least signaling portion is transmitted using one or more of a control frame, a management frame, a prior data packet.
  • the transmission of the packet to the one or more other STAs using the first transmission power setting for the first portion and the second transmission power setting for the second portion is performed when transmission parameter settings for a second STA of the one or more other STAs change, the transmission parameter settings being one or more of a transmission bandwidth setting and a transmission beamforming setting.
  • the processing circuitry is further configured to extend a length of the first portion based on a predetermined period of time usable by at least one STA expected to receive the second portion. The extension of the length allows the at least one STA expected to receive the second portion to make an adjustment for receiving the second portion using the second transmission power setting.
  • a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for decoding the first portion is lower than the minimum SNR required to decode the second portion.
  • a maximum transmission power that can be used by the first STA for transmitting the second portion is lower than a maximum transmission power that can be used for transmitting the first portion.
  • the first STA is configured to communicate with the one or more other STAs based on one or more rules associated with one or more Institute Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards.
  • IEEE Institute Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • one or more of the first portion corresponds to a preamble portion and the second portion corresponds to a data field portion;
  • the preamble portion includes at least a legacy preamble;
  • the legacy preamble includes one or more of a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), and a legacy signal field (L-SIG); and the transmission of the packet to the one or more other STAs using the first transmission power setting for the first portion and the second transmission power setting for the second portion is performed at a start of a generation-specific short training field (STF) of the preamble.
  • L-STF legacy short training field
  • L-LTF legacy long training field
  • L-SIG legacy signal field
  • one or more of the first STA is an access point (AP) STA or a non-AP STA; the one or more other STAs are one or more of AP STAs and non-AP STAs; and the first STA and the one or more other STAs are configured to communicate using a listen before talk (LBT) process.
  • AP access point
  • LBT listen before talk
  • a method in a first station (STA) configured to communicate with one or more other STAs using at least a packet includes a first portion and a second portion.
  • the method includes determining a first transmission power setting for the first portion of the packet and a second transmission power setting for the second portion of the packet.
  • the first portion is associated with a first service area
  • the second portion is associated with a second service area.
  • the first service area is larger than the second service area.
  • a first transmission power given by the first transmission power setting being higher than a second transmission power given by the second transmission power setting.
  • the packet is transmitted to the one or more other STAs using the first transmission power setting for the first portion and the second transmission power setting for the second portion.
  • the transmission of the packet causes a first probability of a second STA of the one or more other STAs located in the first service area to decode the first portion of the packet to be higher than a second probability of the second STA to decode the second portion of the packet.
  • the first transmission power setting is one of independent of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) used for encoding the second portion and changed to increase the first transmission power when the second transmission power is decreased.
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • one or more of the method further includes transmitting signaling comprising information usable for determining a power level difference between the first portion and second portion; at least a signaling portion of the signaling is transmitted during the transmission of the packet; the information is included in the first portion of the packet; the at least signaling portion of the signaling is transmitted before the transmission of the packet; the at least signaling portion is transmitted during an association process involving the first STA; and the at least signaling portion is transmitted using one or more of a control frame, a management frame, a prior data packet.
  • the transmission of the packet to the one or more other STAs using the first transmission power setting for the first portion and the second transmission power setting for the second portion is performed when transmission parameter settings for a second STA of the one or more other STAs change.
  • the transmission parameter settings are one or more of a transmission bandwidth setting and a transmission beamforming setting.
  • the method further includes extending a length of the first portion based on a predetermined period of time usable by at least one STA expected to receive the second portion.
  • the extension of the length allows the at least one STA expected to receive the second portion to make an adjustment for receiving the second portion using the second transmission power setting.
  • a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for decoding the first portion is lower than the minimum SNR required to decode the second portion.
  • a maximum transmission power that can be used by the first STA for transmitting the second portion is lower than a maximum transmission power that can be used for transmitting the first portion.
  • one or more of the first portion corresponds to a preamble portion and the second portion corresponds to a data field portion;
  • the preamble portion includes at least a legacy preamble;
  • the legacy preamble includes one or more of a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), and a legacy signal field (L-SIG); and the transmission of the packet to the one or more other STAs using the first transmission power setting for the first portion and the second transmission power setting for the second portion is performed at a start of a generation-specific short training field (STF) of the preamble.
  • L-STF legacy short training field
  • L-LTF legacy long training field
  • L-SIG legacy signal field
  • a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for decoding the first portion is lower than the minimum SNR required to decode the second portion.
  • a maximum transmission power associated with transmission of the second portion is lower than a maximum transmission power associated with transmission of the first portion.
  • FIG. 1 shows example communication using RTS/ CTS frame exchange and the corresponding NAV distribution
  • FIG. 2 shows example preamble fields in PPDU formats of different Wi-Fi generations usable for receiver gain setting using AGC;
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of different LBT detection areas for different MCSs in downlink
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an example network architecture illustrating a communication system according to the principles in the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an AP communicating with a non-AP STA over an at least partially wireless connection according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an example network architecture illustrating a communication system connected via an intermediate network to a host computer according to the principles in the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a host computer communicating via an access point with a non-AP STA over an at least partially wireless connection according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating example methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, an access point and a non-AP STA for executing a client application at a non-AP STA according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating example methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, an access point and a non-AP STA for receiving user data at a non-AP STA according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating example methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, an access point and a non-AP STA for receiving user data from the non-AP STA at a host computer according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating example methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, an access point and a non-AP STA for receiving user data at a host computer according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart of an example process in an AP STA according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart of an example process in a non-AP STA according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart of an example process in another non-AP STA according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiments reside primarily in combinations of apparatus components and processing steps related to management of signaling (and/or signaling parameters) transmitted and/or received in listen-before-talk detection areas such as for different modulation and coding schemes. Accordingly, components have been represented where appropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout the description.
  • relational terms such as “first” and “second,” “top” and “bottom,” and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or element from another entity or element without necessarily requiring or implying any physical or logical relationship or order between such entities or elements.
  • the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the concepts described herein.
  • the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
  • the joining term, “in communication with” and the like may be used to indicate electrical or data communication, which may be accomplished by physical contact, induction, electromagnetic radiation, radio signaling, infrared signaling or optical signaling, for example.
  • electrical or data communication which may be accomplished by physical contact, induction, electromagnetic radiation, radio signaling, infrared signaling or optical signaling, for example.
  • Coupled may be used herein to indicate a connection, although not necessarily directly, and may include wired and/or wireless connections.
  • the term “access point” or “AP” is used interchangeably and may comprise, or be, a network node.
  • the AP may include any of base station (BS), radio base station, base transceiver station (BTS), base station controller (BSC), radio network controller (RNC), g Node B (gNB), evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB), Node B, multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node such as MSR BS, multi-cell/multicast coordination entity (MCE), relay node, integrated access and backhaul (IAB), donor node controlling relay, radio access point (AP), transmission points, transmission nodes, Remote Radio Unit (RRU) Remote Radio Head (RRH), a core network node (e.g., mobile management entity (MME), self-organizing network (SON) node, a coordinating node, positioning node, MDT node, etc.), an external node (e.g., 3rd party node, a node external to the current network), nodes in
  • the non-limiting term “device” is used to describe a wireless device (WD) and/or user equipment (UE) that may be used to implement some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the device may be and/or comprise an access point (AP) station (STA).
  • the device may be and/or comprise a non-access point station (non-AP STA).
  • the device may be any type of device capable of communicating with a network node, such as an AP, over radio signals.
  • the device may be any radio communication device, target device, a portable device, device-to-device (D2D) device, machine type device or device capable of machine to machine communication (M2M), low-cost and/or low-complexity device, a sensor equipped with a device, a computer, Tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop embedded equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles, Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), an Internet of Things (loT) device, or a Narrowband loT (NB-IOT) device, Reduced Capability (RedCap) device, etc.
  • D2D device-to-device
  • M2M machine to machine communication
  • M2M machine to machine communication
  • low-cost and/or low-complexity device a sensor equipped with a device, a computer, Tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop embedded equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles, Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), an Internet of Things (loT) device, or
  • a device may be considered a network node and may include physical components, such as processors, allocated processing elements, or other computing hardware, computer memory, communication interfaces, and other supporting computing hardware.
  • the network node may use dedicated physical components, or the node may be allocated use of the physical components of another device, such as a computing device or resources of a datacenter, in which case the network node is said to be virtualized.
  • a network node may be associated with multiple physical components that may be located either in one location, or may be distributed across multiple locations.
  • the principles herein may be explained in the context of one of a Downlink (DL) and an Uplink (UL) communication, it should be understood that the basic principles disclosed may also be applicable to the other of the one of the DL and the UL communication.
  • the principles may be considered applicable to, e.g., a first STA and, e.g., a second STA.
  • the first STA may be the transmitter, and the second STA may be the receiver.
  • the transmitter may be the second STA, and the receiver may be the first STA.
  • the first STA may be an AP or non-AP STA
  • the second STA may be an AP or a non-AP STA.
  • IEEE 802.11 denotes a set of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) air interface standards developed by the IEEE 802.11 committee for short-range communications (e.g., tens of meters to a few hundred meters).
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • Some embodiments may also be supported by standard documents disclosed in Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technical specifications. That is, some embodiments of the description can be supported by the above documents (e.g., standard documents). In addition, all the terms disclosed in the present document may be described by the above standard documents.
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • wireless systems such as, for example, IEEE 802.11, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th Generation (5G) and/or New Radio (NR), may be used in this disclosure, this should not be seen as limiting the scope of the disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
  • Other wireless systems including without limitation Wide Band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), may also benefit from exploiting the ideas covered within this disclosure.
  • WCDMA Wide Band Code Division Multiple Access
  • WiMax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • functions described herein as being performed by one or more of a first STA, second STA, transmitting STA, receiving STA, AP, non-AP STA, wireless device, network node, etc. may be distributed over a plurality of STAs, APs, non-AP STAs, wireless devices, network nodes, etc.
  • the functions of the devices described herein are not limited to performance by a single physical device and, in fact, can be distributed among several physical devices.
  • transmission signal quality condition may refer to transmit (TX) signal quality requirements, such as in terms of EVM of the transmitted signal.
  • TX transmit
  • a maximum TX power may be limited by the transmit signal quality requirements.
  • FIG. 4 a schematic diagram of the communication system 10, according to one embodiment, constructed in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • the communication system 10 in FIG. 4 is a nonlimiting example and other embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by one or more other systems and/or networks.
  • system 10 may comprise a wireless local area network (WLAN).
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • the devices in the system 10 may communicate over one or more spectrums, such as, for example, an unlicensed spectrum, which may include frequency bands typically used by Wi-Fi technology.
  • One or more of the devices may be further configured to communicate over other frequency bands, such as shared licensed frequency bands, etc.
  • the system 10 may include one or more service areas 12a, 12b, etc. (collectively referred to herein as “service area 12”), which may be defined by corresponding access points (APs) 14a, 14b, etc. (collectively referred to herein as “AP STA 14”).
  • a service area 12 may also correspond to and/or be associated with a coverage area, a cell, and/or a basic service set (BSS).
  • the AP STAs 14 may or may not be connectable to another network, such as a core network over a wired or wireless connection.
  • the system 10 includes a plurality of non-AP devices, such as, for example, non-AP STAs 16a, 16b, 16c (collectively referred to as non-AP STAs 16).
  • Each of the non-AP STAs 16 may be located in one or more service areas 12 and may be configured to wirelessly connect to one or more AP STA 14. Note that although two AP STAs 14a and 14b and two non-AP STAs 16a and 16b are shown for convenience, the communication system may include many more non-AP STAs 16 and AP STAs 14. Each AP STA 14 may connect to/serve/configure/schedule/etc. one or more non-AP STAs 16.
  • system 10 may include additional nodes and/or devices not shown in FIG. 4.
  • system 10 may include many more connections and/or interfaces than those shown in FIG. 4.
  • the elements shown in FIG. 4 are presented for ease of understanding.
  • a non-AP STA 16 can be in communication and/or configured to separately communicate with more than one AP STA 14 and/or more than one type of AP STA 14.
  • an AP STA 14 may be in communication and/or configured to separately communicate with other AP STAs 14, as described herein, which may be via wired and/or wireless communication channels.
  • a non-AP STA 16 is configured to include a non-AP STA Management Unit 17, which is configured to perform one or more non-AP STA 16 functions described herein.
  • An AP STA 14 is configured to include an AP STA Management Unit 18, which is configured to perform one or more AP STA 14 functions described herein.
  • Example implementations, in accordance with an embodiment, of the AP STA 14 and non-AP STA 16 discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to FIG. 5.
  • An AP STA 14 or a non-AP STA 16 may be generally referred to as a STA 19.
  • a first STA 19a may be an AP STA 14
  • a second STA 19b may be a non-AP STA 16.
  • System 10 may include one or more additional STAs 19n (which include AP STAs 14 and/or non-AP STAs 16), which may be in communication with STA 19a and/or STA 19b.
  • the AP STA 14 includes hardware 20 including a communication interface 22, processing circuitry 24, a processor 26, and memory 28.
  • the communication interface 22 may be configured to communicate with any of the nodes/devices in the system 10 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, such as with one or more other AP STAs 14 and/or one or more non-AP STAs 16.
  • the communication interface 22 may be formed as or may include, for example, one or more radio frequency (RF) transmitters, one or more RF receivers, and/or one or more RF transceivers, and/or may be considered a radio interface.
  • the communication interface 22 may also include a wired interface.
  • the processing circuitry 24 may include one or more processors 26 and memory, e.g., memory 28.
  • the processing circuitry 24 may comprise integrated circuitry for processing and/or control, e.g., one or more processors and/or processor cores and/or FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array) and/or ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuitry) adapted to execute instructions.
  • the processor 26 may be configured to access (e.g., write to and/or read from) the memory 28, which may comprise any kind of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory, e.g., cache and/or buffer memory and/or RAM (Random Access Memory) and/or ROM (Read-Only Memory) and/or optical memory and/or EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).
  • the memory 28 may comprise any kind of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory, e.g., cache and/or buffer memory and/or RAM (Random Access Memory) and/or ROM (Read-Only Memory) and/or optical memory and/or EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).
  • the AP STA 14 may further include software 30 stored internally in, for example, memory 28, or stored in external memory (e.g., database) accessible by the AP STA 14 via an external connection.
  • the software 30 may be executable by the processing circuitry 24.
  • the processing circuitry 24 may be configured to control any of the methods and/or processes described herein and/or to cause such methods, and/or processes to be performed, e.g., AP STA 14.
  • the memory 28 is configured to store data, programmatic software code and/or other information described herein.
  • the software 30 may include instructions stored in memory 28 that, when executed by the processor 26 and/or AP STA Management Unit 18 causes the processing circuitry 24 and/or configures the AP STA 14 to perform the processes described herein with respect to the AP STA 14.
  • the non-AP STA 16 includes hardware 32, which may include a communication interface 34, processing circuitry 36, a processor 38, and memory 40.
  • the communication interface 34 may be configured to communicate with one or more AP STA 14 and/or other STA 19n, such as via wireless connection 35, and/or with other elements in the system 10, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the communication interface 34 may be formed as or may include, for example, one or more radio frequency (RF) transmitters, one or more RF receivers, and/or one or more RF transceivers, and/or may be considered a radio interface.
  • the communication interface 34 may also include a wired interface.
  • AP STA 14 may be configured to communicate with another AP STA 14, non-AP STA 16, and/or STA 19n via wireless connection 35 and/or via a wired connection (not shown).
  • the processing circuitry 36 may include one or more processors 38 and memory, such as, the memory 40. Furthermore, in addition to a traditional processor and memory, the processing circuitry 36 may comprise integrated circuitry for processing and/or control, e.g., one or more processors and/or processor cores and/or FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array) and/or ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuitry) adapted to execute instructions.
  • processors 38 and memory such as, the memory 40.
  • the processing circuitry 36 may comprise integrated circuitry for processing and/or control, e.g., one or more processors and/or processor cores and/or FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array) and/or ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuitry) adapted to execute instructions.
  • FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Array
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuitry
  • the processor 38 may be configured to access (e.g., write to and/or read from) the memory 40, which may comprise any kind of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory, e.g., cache and/or buffer memory and/or RAM (Random Access Memory) and/or ROM (Read-Only Memory) and/or optical memory and/or EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).
  • the memory 40 may comprise any kind of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory, e.g., cache and/or buffer memory and/or RAM (Random Access Memory) and/or ROM (Read-Only Memory) and/or optical memory and/or EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).
  • the non-AP STA 16 may further include software 42 stored internally in, for example, memory 40, or stored in external memory (e.g., database) accessible by the non- AP STA 16 via an external connection.
  • the software 42 may be executable by the processing circuitry 36.
  • the processing circuitry 36 may be configured to control any of the methods and/or processes described herein and/or to cause such methods, and/or processes to be performed, e.g., by the non-AP STA 16.
  • the memory 40 is configured to store data, programmatic software code and/or other information described herein.
  • the software may include instructions stored in memory 40 that, when executed by the processor 38 and/or non-AP STA Management Unit 17, causes the processing circuitry 36 and/or configures the non-AP STA 16 to perform the processes described herein with respect to the non-AP STA 16.
  • connection between the STAs 19 i.e., AP STA 14, the non-AP STA 16, and STA 19n
  • AP STA 14 the connection between the STAs 19
  • STA 19n the connection between the STAs 19
  • intermediary devices and/or connections may exist between these devices, although not explicitly shown.
  • FIG. 5 shows non-AP STA Management Unit 17 and AP STA Management Unit 18, as being within a processor, it is contemplated that this element may be implemented such that a portion of the element is stored in a corresponding memory within the processing circuitry. In other words, the element may be implemented in hardware or in a combination of hardware and software within the processing circuitry.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a communication system 10, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. In the example of FIG. 6, the access point STA 14 and non-AP STAs 16 may be similar to those of the example of FIG. 4, described herein. Additionally, in the example of FIG.
  • the connections 48, 50 between the communication system 10 and/or the service set network 44 and the host computer 46 may extend directly from the service set network 44 to the host computer 46 or may extend via an optional intermediate network 52.
  • the intermediate network 52 may be one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private or hosted network.
  • the intermediate network 52 if any, may be a backbone network or the Internet. In some embodiments, the intermediate network 52 may comprise two or more sub-networks (not shown).
  • a first transmission power given by the first transmission power setting is higher than a second transmission power given by the second transmission power setting.
  • the third STA 19 is further configured to adjust (Block SI 44) a one or both of a receiver setting and a parameter associated at least with the second portion of the packet and decode (Block S146) the packet.
  • the decoding of the packet includes decoding the first and second portions and has a first probability of the third STA 19 to decode the first portion of the packet and a second probability of the third STA 19 to decode the second portion of the packet. The first probability is higher than the second probability.
  • the first transmission power setting is one of independent of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) used for encoding the second portion and changed to increase the first transmission power when the second transmission power is decreased.
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • one or more of the method further includes receiving signaling comprising information usable for determining a power level difference between the first portion and second portion; at least a signaling portion of the signaling is transmitted by the first STA 19 during the transmission of the packet; the information is included in the first portion of the packet; the at least signaling portion is transmitted by the first STA 19 before the transmission of the packet; the at least signaling portion is transmitted during association process involving the first STA 19; the at least signaling portion is transmitted by the first STA 19 using one or more of a control frame, a management frame, a prior data packet.
  • the reception of the packet by the third STA 19 using the first transmission power setting for the first portion and the second transmission power setting for the second portion is performed when transmission parameter settings for a second STA 19 of the one or more other STAs 19 change.
  • the transmission parameter settings are one or more of a transmission bandwidth setting and a transmission beamforming setting.
  • a length of the first portion is extended based on a predetermined period of time usable by at least one STA 19 expected to receive the second portion. The extension of the length allows the at least one STA 19 expected to receive the second portion to make an adjustment for receiving the second portion using the second transmission power setting.
  • a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for decoding the first portion is lower than the minimum SNR required to decode the second portion.
  • the third STA 19 is configured to communicate with the first STA based on one or more rules associated with one or more Institute Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards.
  • IEEE Institute Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • one or more of the first portion corresponds to a preamble portion and the second portion corresponds to a data field portion;
  • the preamble portion includes at least a legacy preamble;
  • the legacy preamble includes one or more of a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), and a legacy signal field (L-SIG); and the transmission of the packet to the one or more other STAs 19 using the first transmission power setting for the first portion and the second transmission power setting for the second portion is performed at a start of a generation-specific short training field (STF) of the preamble.
  • L-STF legacy short training field
  • L-LTF legacy long training field
  • L-SIG legacy signal field
  • one or more of the first STA 19 is an access point (AP) STA 14 or a non-AP STA 16; the one or more other STAs 19 are one or more of AP STAs 14 and non-AP STAs 16; and the first STA 19 and the one or more other STAs 19 are configured to communicate using a listen before talk (LBT) process.
  • AP access point
  • LBT listen before talk
  • the preamble portion when a STA 19 transmits a packet (e.g., with a higher data- rate MCS used for encoding the data field than the preamble), the preamble portion is transmitted with a higher TX power than the data field. In some embodiments, the preamble portion is transmitted with higher TX power so that the preamble can be successfully decoded with higher probability than the data field, e.g., for a STA in a wider communication area. In some other embodiments, the preamble is transmitted such that the TX power setting of the preamble is independent of the MCS used for encoding the data field. In some embodiments, the change in transmission power coincides with a change in some other relevant transmission parameter.
  • the TX power setting of the preamble is increased when higher data-rate MCSs are used for encoding the data field (i.e., when TX power of the data field needs to be backed off).
  • This can help to ensure that the potential interference at the intended receiver(s) is consistent in that it would decrease for the packets having data fields encoded with higher data-rate MCSs, which are the packets that may require a higher SINR.
  • This latter decrease of interference may be due to that, when the preamble is transmitted with a higher TX power, the LBT detection area in which other devices defer from initiating a transmission may increase. That is, a decrease in the potentially experienced interference at the intended receiver(s) of the receiving STA 19 may result.
  • the STAs 19 undertake signaling to help with determining the power level difference between the preamble and the data field of a packet. This can help to ensure that the intended receiver(s) of the data field can set/ modify the receiver gain setting in a timely and suitable manner.
  • signaling may occur, such as:
  • the transmitter(s) of the packet may indicate the applied TX power difference between the preamble and the data field by including corresponding information in the preamble field.
  • the information can be in terms of the actual power level difference, e.g., in dBm.
  • the information can be in terms of a bitmap that indicates the power level difference with certain granularity.
  • the transmitter(s) of the packet i.e.., transmitting STA 19
  • the intended receiver(s) of the data field i.e.., receiving STA 19
  • may undertake suitable signaling prior to the transmission of the packet e.g., during association or using a control frame or a management frame or a prior data packet.
  • the transmitter(s) of the packet i.e.., transmitting STAs 19
  • any specific power difference related signaling in every packet may be avoided. For example, if a receiver (i.e., receiving STA 19) knows or determines what power difference a transmitter may apply for different MCSs of the data field, then the receiver may only need to know the MCS used for the data field in a timely manner. This information about the MCS used for the data field may be previously communicated using SIG fields of preambles. o The intended receiver(s) of the packet may share in advance about its(their) ability to receive packets with varying power across preamble and data fields, and also relevant information about how much power difference it(they) may be able to accommodate while receiving a packet.
  • the capabilities of different devices may vary due to, e.g., difference in AGC implementations and/ or receiver dynamic range. Such information can help the transmitter(s) of the data packet to suitably select the TX powers for the preamble and data field, possibly in a customized manner for different intended receivers.
  • the change of TX power setting is performed by the STA 19 at a time where other TX settings for a specific intended receiver (i.e.., receiving STA 19) are also potentially changed, where other TX settings may include TX bandwidth or TX beamforming settings.
  • the change of TX power setting is performed by the STA 19 at a time that coincides with the start of the generation-specific STF field (e.g., HT STF, VHT STF, HE STF, EHT STF) of the preamble of a packet.
  • the generation-specific STF field and the subsequent fields may then be received by the intended receiver(s) (i.e., receiving STA 19) with a similar RX power.
  • Such a change of power setting may allow the realization of one or more steps described herein without having to change the reception behavior of today’s typical Wi-Fi devices that support, e.g., MIMO communications.
  • the length of the preamble may be extended by a an amount that exceeds a predetermined threshold to increase its duration, e.g., so that the intended receiver(s) of the data field (i.e., receiving STA 19) have extra time to prepare for receiving the data field with a different power level than the preamble (e.g., to adjust the receiver gain setting and avoid potential impact from the corresponding transients).
  • This preamble extension may be performed by adding one or more extra LTFs, which may also help to improve channel estimation.
  • the embodiments described herein are applicable to all types of communicating devices, e.g., in the IEEE 802.11 context, by AP STAs as well as non- AP STAs, and are applicable to uplink, downlink, as well as AP-to-AP and peer-to-peer communications. More specifically, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not applicable only for transmissions performed by AP STAs and may also be applicable for communication performed by non-AP STAs. Moreover, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not applicable only for downlink or uplink communications, but also for peer-to-peer communications among non-AP STAs as well as communication between two AP STAs, or any other type of communication.
  • a maximum supported TX power difference e.g. 8 dB, may be observed between MCSO and MCS11.
  • MCS11 may have the lower maximum TX power.
  • a first STA 19 e.g., AP STA 14
  • the same STAs 19 e.g., non-AP STA 16
  • the corresponding LBT detection areas would vary significantly due to the usage of different TX powers for different packets (mainly due to the significant difference (e.g., up to 8 dB) in maximum supported TX power for different MCSs). This may lead to an inconsistent interference situation and potentially cause more collisions for packets transmitted with higher data- rate MCSs.
  • the maximum TX power supported by the AP for MCSO may be 23 dBm and 15 dBm for MCS11. If first STA 19 (e.g., AP STA 14) transmits using MCSO for the data field, it can apply the same 23 dBm TX power to both preamble and data fields. However, if first STA 19 (e.g., AP STA 14) transmits using MCS11 for the data field, first STA 19 (e.g., AP STA 14) may only be able to apply 15 dBm TX power to the data field. Thus, to maintain a similar TX power across the whole packet, it may apply 15 dBm TX power to the corresponding preamble field.
  • This may be acceptable (e.g., functional) from the perspective of the intended receiver(s) of the data field, but not acceptable from the perspective of avoiding collisions when the goal is for the packet to be successfully detected by all STAs 19 in the vicinity (which may cause interference to the reception of the packet or a corresponding acknowledgement frame).
  • the first STA 19 (e.g., AP STA 14) performs one or more steps of the embodiments of the present disclosure, including using a consistent 23 dBm TX power for the preamble irrespective of the MCS used for encoding the data field, the first STA 19 (e.g., AP STA 14) can ensure that the LBT detection area is consistent. Thus, the first STA 19 (e.g., AP STA 14) can facilitate a more consistent and predictable interference situation than the default case.
  • the first STA 19 may use an increasing TX power for the preamble depending on the MCS used for the data field, i.e., using a higher TX power for the preamble for higher data-rate MCSs. That is, the first STA 19 (e.g., AP STA 14) may be able to ensure a consistent interference situation in the sense that it could enable the LBT to be effective in a wider area for higher data-rate MCSs, i.e., which require higher SINR.
  • STAs 19 e.g., non-AP STA 16
  • STAs 19 can be easily accounted for by suitably adjusting the AGC setting in a timely manner.
  • One or more embodiments of the present disclosure are beneficial at least because wireless communication protocols between two STAs 19 are optimized.
  • appropriate signaling may be standardized to enable IEEE 802.11 WLAN compliant devices to undertake signaling for determining the power level difference between the preamble and data fields of PPDUs.
  • the concepts described herein may be embodied as a method, data processing system, computer program product and/or computer storage media storing an executable computer program. Accordingly, the concepts described herein may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects all generally referred to herein as a “circuit” or “module.” Any process, step, action and/or functionality described herein may be performed by, and/or associated to, a corresponding module, which may be implemented in software and/or firmware and/or hardware. Furthermore, the disclosure may take the form of a computer program product on a tangible computer usable storage medium having computer program code embodied in the medium that can be executed by a computer. Any suitable tangible computer readable medium may be utilized including hard disks, CD-ROMs, electronic storage devices, optical storage devices, or magnetic storage devices.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory or storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • Computer program code for carrying out operations of the concepts described herein may be written in an object oriented programming language such as Python, Java® or C++.
  • the computer program code for carrying out operations of the disclosure may also be written in conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language.
  • the program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer.
  • the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • Internet Service Provider for example, AT&T, MCI, Sprint, EarthLink, MSN, GTE, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé, un système et un appareil sont divulgués. L'invention concerne une première station (STA). La première STA comprend des circuits de traitement conçus pour déterminer un premier réglage de puissance de transmission pour une première partie d'un paquet et un second réglage de puissance de transmission pour la seconde partie du paquet. La première partie est associée à une première zone de service. La seconde partie est associée à une seconde zone de service. Une première puissance de transmission donnée par le premier réglage de puissance de transmission est supérieure à une seconde puissance de transmission donnée par le second réglage de puissance de transmission. Le paquet est transmis à l'aide du premier réglage de puissance de transmission et du second réglage de puissance de transmission. Une première probabilité d'une seconde STA située dans la première zone de service pour décoder la première partie du paquet est supérieure à une seconde probabilité de la seconde STA pour décoder la seconde partie du paquet.
PCT/EP2023/069897 2023-07-18 2023-07-18 Zones de détection d'écoute avant de parler pour différents schémas de modulation et de codage Pending WO2025016537A1 (fr)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160142980A1 (en) * 2014-11-17 2016-05-19 Newracom, Inc. Frame transmitting method

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160142980A1 (en) * 2014-11-17 2016-05-19 Newracom, Inc. Frame transmitting method

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