WO2025015057A1

WO2025015057A1 - Systems and methods for low contrast media dose contrast enhanced imaging procedures

Info

Publication number: WO2025015057A1
Application number: PCT/US2024/037398
Authority: WO
Inventors: Michael Spohn; Sri SHRIRAM; John Volkar; Felix Karl KREIS; Michael Mcdermott; Matthias LENGA; Gregor Jost; Tanja CAPITO; Gesine KNOBLOCH; Sven Possner; Shahab TAHERI; Birte Maria HOFMANN; Iii Arthur Uber; David Griffiths; Kevin Cowan; David Berry
Original assignee: Bayer Healthcare LLC
Current assignee: Bayer Healthcare LLC
Priority date: 2023-07-10
Filing date: 2024-07-10
Publication date: 2025-01-16
Anticipated expiration: 2026-01-10

Abstract

Systems for providing a medical procedure plan may include a fluid injector and at least one processor to select a specific dosage amount of a contrast agent from a plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast agent that is to be administered by a fluid injection system during an injection procedure for a patient; automatically execute an injection protocol for the injection procedure based on selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast agent from the plurality of dosage amounts of contrast agent where the injection protocol includes the specific dosage amount; generate an image of an area of a body of the patient based on automatically executing the injection protocol; generate an image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient; and determine whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold of image quality. Methods, fluid injectors, and components thereof are also disclosed.

Description

Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LOW CONTRAST MEDIA DOSE CONTRAST ENHANCED IMAGING PROCEDURES CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION [0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.63/512,899, filed 10 July 2023, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. BACKGROUND Field of the Disclosure [0002] The present disclosure relates generally to devices, systems, and methods for use in delivery of contrast media to a patient and medical imaging procedures, and in particular, to devices, systems, and methods for delivering precise and/or small volumes of contrast media and/or standard volumes of contrast and for enhancing images during medical imaging procedures. Description of Related Art [0003] An injection system, such as a fluid injection system (e.g., a medical fluid delivery system) may be used by a medical practitioner in a medical diagnostic procedure and/or a medical therapeutic procedure, or in a medical procedure that includes both. For example, the medical practitioner may use the fluid injection system to inject a patient with one or more medical fluids. The fluid injection system may be used for pressurized injection of a medical fluid, such as a radiological contrast material (e.g., a contrast agent, contrast media, etc.), and/or a flushing agent, such as saline (e.g., normal saline, 0.9% saline), in medical imaging procedures, such as angiography, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photo emission topography (SPECT), and hybrid imaging technologies such as SPECT/CT, PET/CT, PET/MRI, etc. A fluid injection system may also be used to deliver medical fluids or liquid medicaments to a patient during other procedures and/or treatments, including nuclear medicine imaging, molecular imaging, radiopharmaceutical injection, cardiovascular localized therapy, and image guided radiotherapy procedures such as MRI-guided linear accelerator (MR/LINAC). In some instances, the fluid injection system is designed to deliver an amount of a medical fluid at one or more flow rates into a patient. Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO [0004] In a medical treatment or procedure, the amount of medical fluid that is to be delivered to a patient may be a dose measured by volume. In some instances, a precise measurement of a dose may be delivered to a patient for proper imaging, proper treatment, and/or to avoid adverse reactions, including complications to patient health. Additionally, to avoid such adverse reactions, a fractional dose (e.g., a micro dose) of medical fluid may be administered to a patient during a procedure. [0005] However, study protocols, including medical fluid administration protocols and/or imaging protocols, are complex and thus challenging for users to track and implement during medical fluid injection and imaging procedures, including enhanced imaging procedures. Further, fluid injection systems may include larger injectors with higher volume syringes that do not provide for adequate volume control or accurate measurement of the precise doses of medical fluid for delivery to a patient during enhanced imaging procedures. Fluid injection systems, which specifically allow for fractional dose (e.g., micro dose) administration, may be limited to such fractional doses and do not provide for the ability for standard doses of medical fluid that may be required during enhanced imaging procedures. [0006] In view of the foregoing, there exists a need for devices, systems, and methods for delivering precise (e.g., fractional and/or standard) volumes of medical fluid, such as contrast media, and for enhancing images during medical imaging procedures based on delivery of precise volumes of medical fluid. SUMMARY [0007] Accordingly, aspects of the present disclosure are directed to non-limiting embodiments of devices, systems, and methods for delivering precise and/or small volumes of contrast media and/or standard volumes of contrast media during medical imaging procedures and for enhancing images during medical imaging procedures. [0008] Further non-limiting embodiments or aspects are set forth in the following numbered clauses: [0009] Clause 1: A method for performing an injection procedure, comprising: selecting, with at least one processor, a specific dosage amount of a contrast fluid from a plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during an injection procedure for a patient; automatically executing, with at least one processor, an injection protocol for the injection procedure based on selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO contrast fluid, wherein the injection protocol includes the specific dosage amount; generating, with at least one processor, an image of an area of a body of the patient based on automatically executing the injection protocol; generating, with at least one processor, an image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient; and determining, with at least one processor, whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold of image quality. [0010] Clause 2: The method of clause 1, further comprising: automatically executing an additional injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that the image analysis result does not satisfy the threshold of image quality; generating an additional image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient; and determining whether the additional image analysis result satisfies the threshold of image quality. [0011] Clause 3: The method of clause 1 or 2, wherein selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient comprises: determining whether a standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid or a fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. [0012] Clause 4: The method of any of clauses 1-3, wherein automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure comprises: automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, wherein the injection protocol includes the fractional dosage amount. [0013] Clause 5: The method of any of clauses 1-4, wherein automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure comprises: controlling a fractional dosage fluid injection component to administer the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid during the injection procedure for the patient. [0014] Clause 6: The method of any of clauses 1-5, wherein selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient comprises: automatically selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO during the injection procedure for the patient based on a result of an inference of a machine learning model. [0015] Clause 7: The method of any of clauses 1-6, wherein automatically selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient comprises: providing an input to the machine learning model based on a request for inference for the machine learning model, wherein the input comprises a plurality of features, wherein the plurality of features comprises at least one of the following: a weight of the patient; a height of the patient; an age of the patient; a sex of the patient; a body habitus type of the patient; a medical history of the patient; a physiological state of the patient; a physiological measurement of the patient; or any combination thereof; and generating an output of the machine learning model based on the input, wherein the output comprises a prediction of a dosage amount of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. [0016] Clause 8: A system for providing a medical procedure plan, comprising: a fluid injector; and at least one processor coupled to the fluid injector and configured to: select a specific dosage amount of a contrast fluid from a plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered by a fluid injection system during an injection procedure for a patient; automatically execute an injection protocol for the injection procedure based on selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of contrast fluid, wherein the injection protocol includes the specific dosage amount; generate an image of an area of a body of the patient based on automatically executing the injection protocol; generate an image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient; and determine whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold of image quality. [0017] Clause 9: The system of clause 8, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: automatically execute an additional injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that the image analysis result does not satisfy the threshold of image quality; generate an additional image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient; and determine whether the additional image analysis result satisfies the threshold of image quality. [0018] Clause 10: The system of any of clause 8 or 9, wherein, when selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO patient, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: determine whether a standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid or a fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. [0019] Clause 11: The system of any of clauses 8-10, wherein, when automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: automatically execute the injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, wherein the injection protocol includes the fractional dosage amount. [0020] Clause 12: The system of any of clauses 8-11, wherein, when automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: control a fractional dosage fluid injection component to administer the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid during the injection procedure for the patient. [0021] Clause 13: The system of any of clauses 8-12, wherein, when selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: automatically select the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient based on a result of an inference of a machine learning model. [0022] Clause 14: The system of any of clauses 8-13, wherein, when automatically selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: provide an input to the machine learning model based on a request for inference for the machine learning model, wherein the input comprises a plurality of features, wherein the plurality of features comprises at least one of the following: a weight of the patient; a height of the patient; an age of the patient; a sex of the patient; a body habitus type of the patient; a medical history of the patient; a physiological state of the patient; a physiological measurement of the patient; or any combination thereof; and generate an output of the machine learning model based on the input, wherein the Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO output comprises a prediction of a dosage amount of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. [0023] Clause 15: A fluid injection system for providing a medical procedure plan, comprising: a fluid injector, wherein the fluid injector comprises: a fractional dosage fluid injection component; and a standard dosage fluid injection component; and at least one processor coupled to the fluid injector and configured to: determining whether a standard dosage amount of a contrast fluid is to be administered by the standard dosage fluid injection component or a fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered by the fractional dosage fluid injection component during an injection procedure for a patient; automatically execute an injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that one of: the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered by the fractional dosage fluid injection component during the injection procedure for the patient, and the standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered by the standard dosage fluid injection component during the injection procedure for the patient; generate an image of an area of a body of the patient based on automatically executing the injection protocol; generate an image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient; and determine whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold of image quality. [0024] Clause 16: The fluid injection system of clause 15, wherein the fractional dosage fluid injection component comprises a fractional dosage fluid injection pump, and wherein, when automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure, the at least one processor is configured to: operate the fractional dosage fluid injection pump. [0025] Clause 17: The fluid injection system of clause 15 or 16, wherein, when operating the fractional dosage fluid injection pump, the at least one processor is configured to: receive fluid flow data from a sensor; determine a fluid flow rate in a fluid path based on the fluid flow data received from the sensor; output a control signal to the fractional dosage fluid injection pump. [0026] Clause 18: The fluid injection system of any of clauses 15-17, wherein, when operating the fractional dosage fluid injection pump, the at least one processor is configured to: receive fluid data from a sensor, wherein the fluid data comprises an indication of whether air is present in a fluid path; determine whether a threshold amount of air is present in the fluid path based on the fluid data received from the Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO sensor; and output a control signal to the fractional dosage fluid injection pump based on determining that air is present in the fluid path. [0027] Clause 19: The fluid injection system of any of clauses 15-18, wherein, when operating the fractional dosage fluid injection pump, the at least one processor is configured to: receive contrast fluid concentration data from a sensor; determine a concentration of contrast fluid in a fluid path based on the contrast fluid concentration data received from the sensor; and output a control signal to the fractional dosage fluid injection pump. [0028] Clause 20: The fluid injection system of any of clauses 15-19, wherein the fluid injector comprises: at least one fluid injection pump; at least one fluid source; and a first tubing set having at least one valve assembly, wherein the at least one valve assembly is configured to selectively provide a fluid connection between the at least one fluid source and the first tubing set, between the first tubing set and the at least one fluid injection pump, or between the at least one fluid source, the first tubing set, and the at least one fluid injection pump. [0029] Clause 21: The fluid injection system of any of clauses 15-20, wherein the first tubing set comprises a connector member configured to connect a second tubing set, wherein the second tubing set is connected to a catheter configured to be fluidly connected to a patient, and wherein the at least one valve assembly is configured to selectively provide a fluid connection between the first tubing set and the second tubing set. [0030] Clause 22: The fluid injection system of any of clauses 15-21, wherein the fluid injector comprises: two or more fluid injection pumps; and two or more fluid sources, wherein the two or more fluid injection pumps each comprise: a reservoir; a plunger; and a drive member; wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receive injection protocol data associated with the injection protocol for the injection procedure, determine control parameters for the drive member based on the injection protocol data, and output a control signal to the drive member to actuate the drive member to deliver a selected dosage amount of the contrast fluid to a patient, wherein the control signal is based on the control parameters. [0031] Clause 23: The fluid injection system of any of clauses 15-22, wherein the fluid injector comprises: two or more fluid injection pumps; and two or more fluid sources, wherein the two or more fluid injection pumps each comprise: a tube; a rotary member; and a drive member; wherein the at least one processor is configured to: Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO receive injection protocol data associated with the injection protocol for the injection procedure, determine control parameters for the drive member based on the injection protocol data output a control signal to the drive member to actuate the drive member to deliver a selected dosage amount of the contrast fluid to a patient, wherein the control signal is based on the control parameters. [0032] Clause 24: The fluid injection system of any of clauses 15-23, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: automatically execute an additional injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that the image analysis result does not satisfy the threshold of image quality; generate an additional image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient; and determine whether the additional image analysis result satisfies the threshold of image quality. [0033] Clause 25: The fluid injection system of any of clauses 15-24, wherein, when selecting a specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from a plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during an injection procedure for the patient the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: determine whether a standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid or a fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. [0034] Clause 26: The fluid injection system of any of clauses 15-25, wherein, when automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: automatically execute the injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, wherein the injection protocol includes the fractional dosage amount. [0035] Clause 27: The fluid injection system of any of clauses 15-26, wherein, when automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: control a fractional dosage fluid injection component to administer the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid during the injection procedure for the patient. [0036] Clause 28: The fluid injection system of any of clauses 15-27, wherein, when selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO for the patient, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: automatically select the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient based on a result of an inference of a machine learning model. [0037] Clause 29: The fluid injection system of any of clauses 15-28, wherein, when automatically selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: provide an input to the machine learning model based on a request for inference for the machine learning model, wherein the input comprises a plurality of features, wherein the plurality of features comprises at least one of the following: a weight of the patient; a height of the patient; an age of the patient; a sex of the patient; a body habitus type of the patient; a medical history of the patient; a physiological state of the patient; a physiological measurement of the patient; or any combination thereof; and generate an output of the machine learning model based on the input, wherein the output comprises a prediction of a dosage amount of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. [0038] Clause 30: A fluid injection system for providing a fluid injection as part of a medical procedure plan, comprising: a fluid injector, wherein the fluid injector comprises: a first dosage fluid injection component; and a second dosage fluid injection component; and at least one processor coupled to the fluid injector and configured to: simultaneously deliver a first fluid from the first dosage fluid injection component and a second fluid from the second dosage fluid injection component during the fluid injection; wherein a flow rate of delivery of the first fluid and a flow rate of delivery of the second fluid are independently specified for a duration of the fluid injection; or wherein the total volume of delivery of the first fluid and total volume of delivery of the second fluid are independently specified for the duration of the injection. [0039] Clause 31: The fluid injection system of clause 30, wherein the fluid injector comprises: two or more fluid injection pumps; and two or more fluid sources, wherein the two or more fluid injection pumps each comprise: a reservoir; a plunger; and a drive member; wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receive injection protocol data associated with the injection protocol for the injection procedure; determine control parameters for the drive member based on the injection protocol Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO data, and output a control signal to the drive member to actuate the drive member to deliver a selected dosage amount of the contrast fluid to a patient, wherein the control signal is based on the control parameters. [0040] Clause 32: The fluid injection system of clause 30 or 31, wherein an accuracy of the flow rate of delivery of the first dosage fluid injection component and an accuracy of the flow rate of delivery of the second dosage fluid injection component are designed, specified, verified, tested, and/or validated separately; and/or wherein an accuracy of the total volume of delivery of the first dosage fluid injection component and an accuracy of the total volume of delivery of the second dosage fluid injection component are designed, specified, verified, tested, and/or validated separately. [0041] Further details and advantages of the various examples described in detail herein will become clear upon reviewing the following detailed description of the various examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0042] Additional advantages and details are explained in greater detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments that are illustrated in the accompanying figures, in which: [0043] FIG.1 is a diagram of a non-limiting embodiment of an environment in which devices, systems, methods, and/or products described herein, may be implemented, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; [0044] FIG.2 is a diagram of a non-limiting embodiment of a system for providing a medical procedure plan in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; [0045] FIG.3 is a diagram of a non-limiting embodiment of components of one or more systems or one or more devices of FIGS.1 and 2 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; [0046] FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a non-limiting embodiment of a process for performing an administration procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and [0047] FIGS.5-18 are schematic illustrations of non-limiting embodiments of a fluid injector for use with a fluid injection system and various components thereof in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. [0048] Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The illustrations and examples set out herein depict Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, and such embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure in any manner. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0049] For purposes of the description hereinafter, the terms “end,” “upper,” “lower,” “right,” “left,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “lateral,” “longitudinal,” and derivatives thereof shall relate to the present disclosure as it is oriented in the drawing figures. However, it is to be understood that the present disclosure may assume various alternative variations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary. It is also to be understood that the specific devices and processes illustrated in the attached drawings, and described in the following specification, are simply exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Hence, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics related to the embodiments or aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting unless otherwise indicated. [0050] No aspect, component, element, structure, act, step, function, instruction, and/or the like used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more” and “at least one.” Furthermore, as used herein, the term “set” is intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, a combination of related and unrelated items, etc.) and may be used interchangeably with “one or more” or “at least one.” Where only one item is intended, the term “one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partially on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. The phrase “based on” may also mean “in response to” and be indicative of a condition for automatically triggering a specified operation of an electronic device (e.g., a processor, a computing device, etc.) as appropriately referred to herein. [0051] As used herein, the terms “communication” and “communicate” may refer to the reception, receipt, transmission, transfer, provision, and/or the like of information (e.g., data, signals, messages, instructions, commands, and/or the like). For one unit (e.g., a device, a system, a component of a device or system, combinations thereof, and/or the like) to be in communication with another unit means that the one unit is Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO able to directly or indirectly receive information from and/or transmit information to the other unit. This may refer to a direct or indirect connection that is wired and/or wireless in nature. Additionally, two units may be in communication with each other even though the information transmitted may be modified, processed, relayed, and/or routed between the first and second unit. For example, a first unit may be in communication with a second unit even though the first unit passively receives information and does not actively transmit information to the second unit. As another example, a first unit may be in communication with a second unit if at least one intermediary unit (e.g., a third unit located between the first unit and the second unit) processes information received from the first unit and communicates the processed information to the second unit. In non-limiting embodiments, a message may refer to a network packet (e.g., a data packet and/or the like) that includes data. It will be appreciated that numerous other arrangements are possible. [0052] As used herein, the term “system” may refer to one or more computing devices or combinations of computing devices such as, but not limited to, processors, servers, client devices, software applications, and/or other like components. In addition, reference to “a server” or “a processor,” as used herein, may refer to a previously-recited server and/or processor that is recited as performing a previous step or function, a different server and/or processor, and/or a combination of servers and/or processors. For example, as used in the specification and the claims, a first server and/or a first processor that is recited as performing a first step or function may refer to the same or different server and/or a processor recited as performing a second step or function. [0053] As used herein, the term “image quality” may refer to the level of accuracy with which an imaging system captures, processes, stores, compresses, transmits, and/or displays the signals that form an image, and may include the individual visual features, factors, and/or attributes, and/or the combination of the visual features, factors, and/or attributes that contribute to image quality. Some of the features that contribute to the level of accuracy may include sufficient image contrast, sufficient signal to noise ratio (S/N), sufficient image resolution, limited levels of image blur, limited amounts of image artifacts, and the like. Similarly, “image enhancement” or “sufficient image enhancement” may refer to the level of improvement of accuracy with which an imaging system captures, processes, stores, compresses, transmits, and/or displays the signals that form an image, and may include an improvement in the Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO individual visual features, factors, and/or attributes, and/or the combination of visual features, factors, and/or attributes that contribute to image quality. [0054] When used in relation to a component of a fluid injection system such as a fluid reservoir, a syringe, or a fluid line, the term “distal” refers to a portion of said component nearest to a patient. When used in relation to a component of a fluid injection system such as a fluid reservoir, a syringe, or a fluid line, the term “proximal” refers to a portion of said component nearest to the injector of the fluid injection system (i.e., the portion of said component farthest from the patient). When used in relation to a syringe of a multi-patient disposable set, the term “proximal” refers to a portion of a syringe nearest a piston for delivering fluid from a syringe. When used in relation to a component of a fluid injection system such as a fluid reservoir, a syringe, or a fluid line, the term “upstream” refers to a direction away from the patient and towards the injector of the fluid injection system. When used in relation to a component of a fluid injection system such as a fluid reservoir, a syringe, or a fluid line, the term “downstream” refers to a direction towards the patient and away from the injector of the fluid injection system. [0055] Non-limiting embodiments or aspects of the present disclosure are generally directed to devices, systems, and methods for use in delivery of medical fluid to a patient for medical imaging procedures, and in particular, to devices, systems, and methods for delivering precise and/or small volumes of contrast media and/or standard volumes of contrast and for enhancing images during medical imaging procedures. In non-limiting embodiments or aspect, an administration protocol management system (referred to herein as “protocol management system”) may select a specific dosage amount of a contrast agent from a plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast agent that is to be administered during an administration (e.g., injection) procedure for a patient, automatically execute an administration protocol for the administration procedure based on selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast agent from the plurality of dosage amounts of contrast agent, where the administration protocol includes the specific dosage amount, generate an image of an area of a body of the patient based on automatically executing the administration protocol, generate an image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient, and determine whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold of image quality. In non-limiting embodiments, the contrast agent may be a contrast fluid, the administration procedure Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO may include an injection procedure, and the administration protocol may include an injection protocol. [0056] In non-limiting embodiments, the protocol management system may automatically execute an additional injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that the image analysis result does not satisfy the threshold of image quality, generate an additional image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient, and determine whether the additional image analysis result satisfies the threshold of image quality. [0057] In non-limiting embodiments, when selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast agent from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast agent that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, the protocol management system may determine whether a standard dosage amount of the contrast agent or a fractional dosage amount of the contrast agent is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. [0058] In non-limiting embodiments, when automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure, the protocol management system may automatically execute the injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that the fractional dosage amount of the contrast agent is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, and the injection protocol may include the fractional dosage amount. [0059] In non-limiting embodiments, when automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure, the protocol management system may control a fractional dosage fluid injection component to administer the fractional dosage amount of the contrast agent during the injection procedure for the patient. [0060] In non-limiting embodiments, when selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast agent from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast agent that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, the protocol management system may automatically select the specific dosage amount of the contrast agent from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast agent that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient based on a result of an inference of a machine learning model. [0061] In non-limiting embodiments, when automatically selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast agent from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast agent that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO the protocol management system may provide an input to the machine learning model based on a request for inference for the machine learning model and generate an output of the machine learning model based on the input, wherein the output comprises a prediction of a dosage amount of the contrast agent that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. The input may include a plurality of features, and the plurality of features may include at least one of the following: a weight of the patient, a height of the patient, an age of the patient, a sex of the patient, a body habitus type of the patient, a medical history of the patient, a physiological state of the patient, a physiological measurement of the patient, or any combination thereof. [0062] Additionally, non-limiting embodiments provide fluid injection systems and imaging systems which include an image acquisition or imaging device, a fluid injector, and components associated therewith. In non-limiting embodiments, a fluid injector may include a fractional dosage fluid injector component and/or a standard dosage fluid injection component. In non-limiting embodiments, the fractional dosage fluid injector component and/or a standard dosage fluid injection component may include at least one fluid injection pump, at least one fluid source, at least one tubing set, and at least on valve assembly for selectively providing a fluid connection between the at least one fluid source and the first tubing set, between the first tubing set and the at least one fluid injection pump, or between the at least one fluid source, the first tubing set, and the at least one fluid injection pump. [0063] In this way, embodiments of the present disclosure allow for accurately and efficiently delivering precise and/or small volumes of contrast media and/or standard volumes of contrast and for enhancing images during medical imaging procedures. [0064] In some non-limiting embodiments, the protocol management system may include artificial intelligence, data base systems, and/or other computer programs as ways to implement the functions of the protocol management system. The protocol management system may utilize natural language and/or voice control that may be integrated into a radiology diagnostic setting. Additionally, information collected may be converted into natural language (e.g., of a predetermined language) so that the protocol can be monitored and controlled immediately by appropriate individuals. Additionally, information collected may be in the native language of the speaker or location in which the procedure is taking place, be made available to local authorities in such language, and/or be automatedly translated into a common language for Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO central analysis and storage. System improvements may be achieved through data analysis and time for both a technologist and the medical device manufacturer. Using natural language processing in the form of recording and/or translating of voice data (e.g., speech) may produce more accurate and timelier protocol information. In non- limiting embodiments, the protocol management system may automate communication of information related to protocols, procedures, and events, and data can be transmitted faster internally and may replace existing manual processes that consume time and network resources. [0065] Referring now to FIG.1, FIG.1 is a diagram of a non-limiting embodiment of an environment in which systems, methods, and/or products described herein, may be implemented, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG.1, environment 100 may include protocol management system 102, data sources 104-1 through 104-N (referred to hereafter individually as data source 104, or together as data sources 104, where appropriate), user device 106, fluid injection system 108, medical imaging system 110, hospital information 112, and communication network 114. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102, data sources 104, user device 106, fluid injection system 108, medical imaging system 110, and/or hospital information system 112, as well as any subsystems thereof (e.g., a radiology information management system, a scheduling system, a billing system, or any other electronic record system), may interconnect (e.g., establish a connection to communicate) via wired connections, wireless connections, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. Any devices or systems in environment 100 may communicate with each other in a same or different communication network 114 as other devices or systems. [0066] In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may include one or more devices capable of being in communication with data sources 104, user device 106, fluid injection system 108, medical imaging system 110, and/or hospital information system 112 via communication network 114. For example, protocol management system 102 may include one or more computing devices, such as one or more computers, one or more servers (e.g., a cloud server, a group of servers, etc.), one or more desktop computers, one or more mobile devices (e.g., one or more tablets, one or more smartphones, etc.), and/or the like. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may include one or more (e.g., a plurality of) applications (e.g., software applications) that perform a set of Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO functionalities on an external application programming interface (API) that allows protocol management system 102 to send data to an external system associated with the external API and to receive data from the external system associated with the external API. In some non-limiting embodiments, the application may be supported by an application associated with fluid injection system 108 that would allow protocol management system 102, which may function as a control room display, to be the only one device that controls other systems and/or devices, and, in such an example, protocol management system 102 may provide an authentication function. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may be a component of user device 106, fluid injection system 108, medical imaging system 110, and/or hospital information system 112. [0067] In some non-limiting embodiments, data source 104 may include one or more devices capable of being in communication with protocol management system 102, user device 106, fluid injection system 108, medical imaging system 110, and/or hospital information system 112 via communication network 114. For example, data source 104 may include a server, a computing device, such as a desktop computer, a mobile device (e.g., a tablet, a smartphone, a wearable, such as a wearable health sensor, etc.), and/or the like. In some non-limiting embodiments, data source 104 may include an electronic records system such as an electronic medical records (EMR) system and/or an electronic health records (EHR) system, a patient procedure tracking system, a hospital information system (HIS) 112, a medical imaging information system, a radiology analytics system, and/or an image archive and communication system, such as a picture archive and communication system (PACS). Additionally or alternatively, data source 104 may include a medical imaging system (e.g., an imaging scanner), a fluid injection system (e.g., a fluid injector), a device associated with a facility, such as a communication device associated with a medical device (e.g., a hand-held medical device, a wearable medical device, such as a portable health sensor, etc.), and/or a device associated with a patient (e.g., a user device, such as a computing device operated by a patient). [0068] In some non-limiting embodiments, user device 106 may include one or more devices capable of being in communication with protocol management system 102, data sources 104, fluid injection system 108, medical imaging system 110 and/or hospital information system 112 via communication network 114. For example, user device 106 may include a computing device, such as one or more computers, including Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO a desktop computer, a workstation device, a laptop, tablet, and/or the like. In some non-limiting embodiments, at least a portion of the processes executed at the user device 106 may be executed at a remote server (e.g., a cloud computing server). In some non-limiting embodiments, user device 106 may provide a user interface for controlling operation of fluid injection system 108, including to generate instructions for and/or provide instructions to fluid injection system 108. Additionally or alternatively, user device 106 may display operational parameters of fluid injection system 108 during operation (e.g., during real-time operation) of fluid injection system 108. In some non-limiting embodiments, user device 106 may provide interconnectivity between fluid injection system 108 and other devices or systems, such as a scanner device (not shown). In some non-limiting embodiments, user device 106 may include the Certegra^® Workstation provided by Bayer. In some non-limiting embodiments, user device 106 may include a display unit (e.g., a display device, a display screen, etc.,), such as a computer monitor, a touchscreen, a heads-up display, and/or the like, which may be used to display a user interface (e.g., a graphical user interface (GUI) of a software application), via which a user may interact with user device 106 to view parameters and/or control operation of fluid injection system 108. For example, a user of user device 106 may provide inputs to user device 106 using one or more hardware or software components of the user device 106 in connection with a touch screen, a mouse, a trackpad, a keyboard, a stylus, a gesture-sensing camera as disclosed, for example, in International Patent Application Publication No. WO2021/108286A1, a microphone for receiving voice commands, and/or the like. [0069] In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injection system 108 may include one or more devices capable of being in communication with protocol management system 102, data sources 104, user device 106, medical imaging system 110, and/or hospital information system 112 via communication network 114. For example, fluid injection system 108 may include one or more computing devices, such as one or more computers, one or more servers (e.g., a cloud server, a group of servers, etc.), one or more desktop computers, one or mobile devices (e.g., one or more tablets, one or more smartphones, etc.), and/or the like. In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injection system 108 may include one or more injection devices (e.g., one or more fluid injection devices, one or more fluid injectors). In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injection system 108 is configured to administer (e.g., inject, deliver, etc.) contrast fluid including a contrast agent to a patient, and/or administer an aqueous fluid, such as Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO saline, to a patient before, during, and/or after administering the contrast fluid. For example, fluid injection system 108 can inject one or more prescribed dosages of contrast fluid directly into a patient’s blood stream. In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injection system 108 may be configured to administer the aqueous fluid via a hypodermic needle and syringe. In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injection system 108 may be configured to administer the aqueous fluid to a patient through a peripheral intravenous line (PIV) and catheter, and one or more prescribed dosages of contrast fluid may be introduced into the PIV and administered via the catheter to the patient. In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injection system 108 may be configured to administer the aqueous fluid into an artery via a catheter. In some non- limiting embodiments, fluid injection system 108 may be configured to administer the aqueous fluid into an organ, tissue, space or duct other than a blood vessel. For example, in some non-limiting embodiments, a contrast agent may be administered intra-arterially for angiography procedures that occur within a cardiac catheterization lab or vascular surgery lab using intra-arterial catheters. In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injection system 108 is configured to inject a dose of contrast fluid followed by administration of a particular volume of the aqueous fluid. In some non- limiting embodiments, fluid injection system 108 may include one or more exemplary fluid injection devices that are disclosed in: U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/715,330, filed on November 17, 2000, issued as U.S. Patent No.6,643,537; U.S. Patent Application Serial No.09/982,518, filed on October 18, 2001, issued as U.S. Patent No.7,094,216; U.S. Patent Application Serial No.10/825,866, filed on April 16, 2004, issued as U.S. Patent No. 7,556,619; U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/437,011, filed May 7, 2009, issued as U.S. Patent No. 8,337,456; U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/476,513, filed June 2, 2009, issued as U.S. Patent No. 8,147,464; and U.S. Patent Application Serial No.11/004,670, filed on December 3, 2004, issued as U.S. 8,540,698, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injection system 108 may include the MEDRAD^® Stellant CT Injection System, the MEDRAD^® Stellant FLEX CT Injection System, the MEDRAD^® MRXperion MR Injection System, the MEDRAD^® Mark 7 Arterion Injection System, the MEDRAD^® Intego PET Infusion System, or the MEDRAD^® Centargo CT Injection System, all of which are provided by Bayer Healthcare LLC. Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO [0070] In some non-limiting embodiments, medical imaging system 110 may include one or more devices capable of being in communication with protocol management system 102, data sources 104, user device 106, fluid injection system 108, and/or hospital information system 112 via communication network 114. In some non-limiting embodiments, medical imaging system 210 may include one or more scanners, such as a computed tomography (CT) scanner and/or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, capable of communicating via a communication network and capable of performing medical imaging procedures involving the use of a medical fluid, such as a radiological contrast material. [0071] In some non-limiting embodiments, hospital information system 112 may include one or more devices capable of being in communication with protocol management system 102, data sources 104, user device 106, fluid injection system 108, and/or medical imaging system 110 via communication network 114. For example, hospital information system 112 may include one or more computing devices, such as one or more desktop computers, one or mobile devices, one or more servers, and/or the like. In some non-limiting embodiments, hospital information system 112 may include one or more subsystems, such as a patient procedure tracking system (e.g., a system that operates a modality worklist, a system that provides patient demographic information for fluid injection procedures and/or medical imaging procedures, etc.), a fluid injector management system, an image archive and communication system (e.g., a picture archive and communication system (PACS)), a radiology information system (RIS), and/or a radiology analytics system (e.g., the Radimetrics^® Enterprise Application marketed and sold by Bayer HealthCare LLC), and/or other like systems or devices. [0072] In some non-limiting embodiments, communication network 114 may include one or more wired and/or wireless networks. For example, communication network 114 may include a cellular network (e.g., a long-term evolution (LTE^®) network, a third generation (3G) network, a fourth generation (4G) network, a fifth generation (5G) network, a sixth generation (6G) network, a code division multiple access (CDMA) network, etc.), a public land mobile network (PLMN), a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a telephone network (e.g., the public switched telephone network (PSTN)), a private network, an ad hoc network, an intranet, the Internet, a fiber optic-based network, a cloud computing network, a short range wireless communication network (e.g., a Bluetooth^® network, a Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO near field communication (NFC) network, etc.) and/or the like, and/or a combination of these or other types of networks. [0073] The number and arrangement of systems and/or devices shown in FIG.1 are provided as an example. There may be additional systems and/or devices, fewer systems and/or devices, different systems and/or devices, or differently arranged systems and/or devices than those shown in FIG.1. Furthermore, two or more systems and/or devices shown in FIG.1 may be implemented within a single system or a single device, or a single system or a single device shown in FIG.1 may be implemented as multiple, distributed systems or devices. Additionally or alternatively, a set of systems or a set of devices (e.g., one or more systems, one or more devices) of environment 100 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of systems or another set of devices of environment 100. [0074] Referring now to FIG.2, FIG.2 is a diagram of a non-limiting embodiment of system 200 for providing a medical procedure plan. In some non-limiting embodiments, one or more of the functions described herein with respect to system 200 may be performed (e.g., completely, partially, and/or the like) by protocol management system 102. In some non-limiting embodiments, one or more of the functions described with respect to system 200 may be performed (e.g., completely, partially, and/or the like) by another device or a group of devices separate from and/or including protocol management system 102, such as workstation device 206 (e.g., which includes display unit 206A), fluid injection system 208 (e.g., which includes fluid injector 208A), medical imaging system 210, hospital information system 212, electronic health records system 216 and/or electronic medical records system 218. [0075] As shown in FIG.2, system 200 includes protocol management system 102, workstation device 206, which includes display unit 206A, fluid injection system 208, which includes fluid injector 208A, medical imaging system 210, hospital information system 212, electronic health records system 216, and electronic medical records system 218. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may interconnect (e.g., establish a connection to communicate with and/or the like) fluid injection system 108, workstation device 206, medical imaging system 210, hospital information system 212, electronic health records system 216, and/or electronic medical records system 218 via wired connections, wireless connections, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. In some non-limiting embodiments, workstation device 206 may be the same as or similar to user device Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO 106. In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injection system 208 may be the same as or similar to fluid injection system 108. In some non-limiting embodiments, medical imaging system 210 may be the same as, used as, or similar to medical imaging system 110. In some non-limiting embodiments, hospital information system 212 may be the same as, used as, or similar to hospital information system 112 and/or data sources 104 (e.g., the subsystems of hospital information system 212 may be the same as or similar to data sources 104). In some non-limiting embodiments, electronic health records system (EHR) 216 and/or electronic medical records system (EMR) 218 may be the same as, used as, or similar to data sources 104. [0076] As further shown in FIG.2, hospital information system 212 may include a plurality of subsystems. The plurality of subsystems may include patient procedure tracking system 212A, image archive and communication system 212B, radiology information system 212C, and radiology analytics system 212D. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may receive healthcare data from hospital information system 212 via a communication network (e.g., communication network 114), according to a communications protocol for communicating the data associated with informatics. For example, protocol management system 102 may receive data associated with a patient procedure from hospital information system 212 (e.g., from patient procedure tracking system 212A) via the communication network according to a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM^®) communications protocol, data associated with an operation of the fluid injection system 208 from hospital information system 212 via the communication network based on an API call (e.g., an API call from protocol management system 102), data associated with a radiology image from hospital information system 212 (e.g., from image archive and communication system 212B) via the communication network according to a DICOM^® communications protocol, data associated with a patient examination procedure from hospital information system 212 (e.g., from radiology information system 212C) via the communication network according to a Health Level Seven (HL7) standard communications protocol, and/or data associated with radiation dosage during a medical imaging procedure from hospital information system 212 (e.g., from radiology analytics system 212D) via the communication network based on an API call (e.g., an API call from protocol management system 102 to radiology analytics system 212D). Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO [0077] In some non-limiting embodiments, electronic health records system 216 may include one or more devices capable of being in communication with protocol management system 102, workstation device 206, fluid injection system 208, medical imaging system 210, hospital information system 212 and/or electronical medical records system 218 via a communication network (e.g., communication network 114). In some non-limiting embodiments, electronic health records system 216 may include one or more devices that receive, manage, store, and/or transmit electronic medical records (e.g., electronic health records) that include medical record data associated with a medical record of a patient, such as demographics, medical history, medication and allergies, immunization status, laboratory test results, radiology images, vital signs, personal statistics (e.g., age, weight, height, etc.), billing information, and/or the like, associated with specific instances of medical care. Additionally or alternatively, electronic health records system 216 may include one or more devices that receive, manage, store, and/or transmit electronic medical records that include medical record data associated with various providers and/or locations (e.g., offices, clinics, hospitals, etc.) of medical care. Additionally or alternatively, electronic health records system 216 may include a patient portal (e.g., a web-based interface) to allow a patient to interact with a respective electronic medical record for the patient. In some non-limiting embodiments, electronic health records system 216 may be a data source for protocol management system 102, workstation device 206, fluid injection system 208, medical imaging system 210, hospital information system 212 and/or electronic medical records system 218. [0078] In some non-limiting embodiments, electronic medical records system 218 may include one or more devices capable of being in communication with protocol management system 102, workstation device 206, fluid injection system 208, medical imaging system 210, hospital information system 212 and/or electronical health records system 216 via a communication network (e.g., communication network 114). In some non-limiting embodiments, electronic medical records system 218 may include one or more devices that receive, manage, store, and/or transmit electronic medical records (e.g., electronic health records) that include medical record data associated with a medical record of a patient, such as demographics, medical history, medication and allergies, immunization status, laboratory test results, radiology images, vital signs, personal statistics (e.g., age, weight, height, etc.), billing information, and/or the like, associated with specific instances of medical care. Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO Additionally or alternatively, electronic medical records system 218 may include one or more devices that receive, manage, store, and/or transmit electronic medical records that include medical record data associated with various providers and/or locations (e.g., offices, clinics, hospitals, etc.) of medical care. Additionally or alternatively, electronic medical records system 218 may include a patient portal (e.g., a web-based interface) to allow a patient to interact with a respective electronic medical record for the patient. In some non-limiting embodiments, electronic medical records system 218 may be a data source for protocol management system 102, workstation device 206, fluid injection system 208, medical imaging system 210, hospital information system 212 and/or electronic health records system 216. [0079] In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may include a plurality of applications, and each of the plurality of applications may be associated with an API associated with a respective application (e.g., a first API associated with a first application, a second API associated with a second application, a third API associated with a third application, etc.) that allows other systems and/or devices to interface (e.g., communicate, establish a communication interface, etc.) with protocol management system 102 and/or that allows protocol management system 102 to interface with other systems and/or devices (e.g., individual subsystems of hospital information system 212, such as patient procedure tracking system 212A, image archive and communication system 212B, radiology information system 212C, and/or radiology analytics system 212D). In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may provide a user interface (e.g., via an application that includes a user interface, such as a web-based user interface) that allows a user to access information such as a medical finding (e.g., a medical finding for the patient). [0080] As further shown in FIG.2, workstation device 206 may include display unit 206A. In some non-limiting embodiments, display unit 206A may be capable of displaying the user interface (e.g., the web-based user interface) provided by protocol management system 102. In some non-limiting embodiments, display unit 206A may include a computing device, such as a smart display unit, a portable computer, such as a tablet, a laptop, and/or the like. In some non-limiting embodiments, display unit 206A may include a touchscreen for receiving inputs by a user. In some non-limiting embodiments, display unit 206A may include a display device (e.g., a monitor, a screen, and/or the like for displaying visual information). Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO [0081] As further shown in FIG. 2, fluid injection system 208 may include fluid injector 208A. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may transmit data associated with an image received from medical imaging system 210 to fluid injection system 208 via a communication network. For example, protocol management system 102 may transmit data associated with the image received from medical imaging system 210 to fluid injection system 208 via the communication network based on an API call from fluid injection system 208. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may transmit data associated with a fluid injection procedure (e.g., data associated with a volume, a flow rate and/or an amount of time for injecting a radiological contrast material into a patient) received from fluid injection system 208 to medical imaging system 210 via the communication network. For example, protocol management system 102 may transmit the data associated with the fluid injection procedure received from fluid injection system 108 to medical imaging system 210 via the communication network based on an API call (e.g., an API call for an imaging system interface (ISI), an API call for an ISI2 interface, an API call for a Connect.CT interface, etc.) from medical imaging system 210. In some non-limiting embodiments, medical imaging system 210 may perform a medical imaging procedure on a patient based on the data, inclusive of an injection protocol, associated with the fluid injection procedure. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may receive data associated with an operation of medical imaging system 210 from medical imaging system 210 via the communication network based on an API call (e.g., an API call from protocol management system 102 to medical imaging system 210). [0082] In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may provide a communication interface between hospital information system 212 and fluid injection system 208 such that fluid injection system 208 is able to receive data based on an API call from fluid injection system 208 to protocol management system 102. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may transmit data associated with informatics received from hospital information system 212 to fluid injection system 208 via a communication network (e.g., communication network 114). For example, protocol management system 102 may transmit data associated with informatics received from hospital information system 212 to fluid injection system 208 via the communication network based on an API call from fluid injection system 208. Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO [0083] Referring now to FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a diagram of example components of device 300. Device 300 may correspond to one or more devices of protocol management system 102, data source 104, user device 106, workstation device 206, fluid injection system 108 and/or fluid injection system 208 (e.g., one or more devices of fluid injection system 108 and/or fluid injection system 208), medical imaging system 110 and/or medical imaging system 210 (e.g., one or more devices of medical imaging system 110 and/or medical imaging system 210), hospital information system 112 and/or hospital information system 212 (e.g., one or more devices of hospital information system 112 and/or hospital information system 212), electronic health records system 216 (e.g., one or more devices of electronic health records system 216), and/or electronic medical records system 218 (e.g., one or more devices of electronic medical records system 218). In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102, data source 104, user device 106, workstation device 206, fluid injection system 108 and/or fluid injection system 208, medical imaging system 110 and/or medical imaging system 210, hospital information system 112 and/or hospital information system 212, electronic health records system 216, and/or electronic medical records system 218 may include at least one device 300 and/or at least one component of device 300. [0084] As shown in FIG. 3, device 300 may include bus 302, processor 304, memory 306, storage component 308, input component 310, output component 312, and communication interface 314. Bus 302 may include a component that permits communication among the components of device 300. In some non-limiting embodiments, processor 304 may be implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. For example, processor 304 may include a processor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an accelerated processing unit (APU), etc.), a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), and/or any processing component (e.g., a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.) that can be programmed to perform a function. Memory 306 may include random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), and/or another type of dynamic or static storage device (e.g., flash memory, magnetic memory, optical memory, etc.) that stores information and/or instructions for use by processor 304. [0085] Storage component 308 may store information and/or software related to the operation and use of device 300. For example, storage component 308 may include a Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO hard disk (e.g., a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optic disk, a solid state disk, etc.), a compact disc (CD), a digital versatile disc (DVD), a floppy disk, a cartridge, a magnetic tape, and/or another type of computer-readable medium, along with a corresponding drive. [0086] Input component 310 may include a component that permits device 300 to receive information, such as via user input (e.g., a touch screen display, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a button, a switch, a microphone, etc.). Additionally, or alternatively, input component 310 may include a sensor for sensing information (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) component, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, an actuator, etc.). Output component 312 may include a component that provides output information from device 300 (e.g., a display, a speaker, one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs), etc.). [0087] Communication interface 314 may include a transceiver-like component (e.g., a transceiver, a separate receiver and transmitter, etc.) that enables device 300 to communicate with other devices, such as via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. Communication interface 314 may permit device 300 to receive information from another device and/or provide information to another device. For example, communication interface 314 may include an Ethernet interface, an optical interface, a coaxial interface, an infrared interface, a radio frequency (RF) interface, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a Wi-Fi^® interface, a cellular network interface, and/or the like. [0088] Device 300 may perform one or more processes described herein. Device 300 may perform these processes based on processor 304 executing software instructions stored by a computer-readable medium, such as memory 306 and/or storage component 308. A computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) is defined herein as a non-transitory memory device. A memory device may include memory space located inside of a single physical storage device or memory space spread across multiple physical storage devices. [0089] Software instructions may be read into memory 306 and/or storage component 308 from another computer-readable medium or from another device via communication interface 314. When executed, software instructions stored in memory 306 and/or storage component 308 may cause processor 304 to perform one or more processes described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, hardwired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to perform one or more Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO processes described herein. Thus, embodiments described herein are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software. [0090] The number and arrangement of components shown in FIG.3 are provided as an example. In some non-limiting embodiments, device 300 may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in FIG. 3. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of components (e.g., one or more components) of device 300 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components of device 300. [0091] Referring now to FIG.4, FIG.4 is a flowchart of a non-limiting embodiment of a process 400 for performing an injection procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some non-limiting embodiments, one or more of the steps of one or more of the steps of process 400 are performed (e.g., completely, partially, etc.) by protocol management system 102. In some non-limiting embodiments, one or more of the steps of process 400 are performed (e.g., completely, partially, etc.) by another device or a group of devices separate from or including protocol management system 102, such as a data source (e.g., data source 104), a user device (e.g., user device 106, workstation device 206), a fluid injection system (e.g., fluid injection system 108, such as one or more devices of fluid injection system 108), a medical imaging system (e.g., medical imaging system 110, such as one or more devices of medical imaging system 110) and/or a hospital information system (e.g., hospital information system 112, such as one or more devices of hospital information system 112, hospital information system 212, such as one or more subsystems of hospital information system 212, etc.). [0092] As shown in FIG. 4, at step 402, process 400 may include determining a dosage amount of medical fluid to be administered during an injection procedure. Protocol management system 102 may determine whether a standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid or a fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may determine a dosage amount of medical fluid to be administered during an injection procedure based at least partially on healthcare data associated with a patient. Protocol management system 102 may receive healthcare data from a plurality of data sources 104. In some non-limiting embodiments, data sources 104 may include at least one of the following: an electronic health records system (EHR), an electronic medical records (EMR) system, a patient Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO procedure tracking system, a hospital information system (HIS), a medical imaging information system, a radiology imaging analytics system, and/or an image archive and communication system, such as a picture archive and communication system (PACS). Additionally or alternatively, data source 104 may include a medical imaging system (e.g., an imaging scanner), a fluid injection system (e.g., a fluid injector), a device associated with a facility, such as a communication device associated with a medical device (e.g., a hand-held medical device, a wearable medical device, such as a portable health sensor, etc.), and/or a device associated with a patient (e.g., a user device, such as a computing device operated by a patient). In some non-limiting embodiments, data sources 104 may include one or more sensors, one or more diagnostic devices (e.g., bedside diagnostic devices), and/or one or more monitoring devices (e/g/, bedside patient monitoring devices), such as the systems disclosed in Bayer’s SENTINEL Patent, U.S. Patent Application Serial No.17/921,245, filed April 30, 2021, issued as U.S. Patent No. 11,896,352, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. [0093] In some non-limiting embodiments, the healthcare data associated with a patient may include medical record data associated with a medical record of a patient, protected health information associated with the patient, demographic information associated with the patient, identification data associated with an identifier of a patient, data associated with a patient examination procedure (e.g., a fluid injection procedure and/or a medical imaging procedure performed on a patient), such as data associated with a contrast fluid provided during a fluid injection procedure, a gauge of a catheter used during a fluid injection procedure, and a fluid injection protocol for a fluid injection procedure. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may store the healthcare data associated with the patient in a data structure (e.g., a database). For example, protocol management system 102 may store the healthcare data associated with the patient in the data structure with a unique identifier for the patient. In some non-limiting embodiments, the healthcare data associated with a patient may include patient imaging history. For example, where a patient has undergone an imaging procedure within the preceding 24 hours, use of a fractional dosage amount of contrast agent may be indicated so as not to induce iodine overload in the patient. Further, where a patient has previously undergone an imaging procedure, a fractional dosage amount of contrast agent was used initially, and the initial fractional dosage amount of contrast agent was not sufficient for the imaging Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO procedure (e.g., a diagnostic scan), a larger fractional dose could be indicated or selected for the current imaging procedure. In some non-limiting embodiments, the outcome of the imaging procedure (e.g., the image analysis result of the image generated pursuant to the imaging procedure with use of a fractional dosage amount of contrast agent (e.g., low dose scan)), may be captured by protocol management system 102 and includes in the healthcare data (e.g., as part of the procedure data record). For example, an outcome of the imaging procedure may include detail information about previous procedures such as, “fractional dosage (e.g., low dose) successful, initial fractional dosage unsuccessful, additional fractional dose needed,” or such as “initial fractional dosage unsuccessful, standard dosage needed.” This information may be used for future patient imaging procedures and/or as part of a training record data set for any machine learning algorithms for fractional dosage calculations. [0094] In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may retrieve healthcare data associated with the patient from at least one of a plurality of data sources based on an identifier associated with the patient. For example, protocol management system 102 may transmit an identifier (e.g., a unique patient identifier, such as a unique patient identifier for a patient medical record) associated with a patient (e.g., a patient undergoing an examination procedure) to data source 104, such as a hospital information system, and protocol management system 102 may receive the healthcare data associated with the patient from data source 104. In some non- limiting embodiments, data source 104 may receive the identifier associated with the patient, retrieve healthcare data associated with the patient based on the identifier, and transmit the healthcare data associated with the patient to protocol management system 102. In some non-limiting embodiments, the identifier may be associated with a patient record of a patient (e.g., a patient record of a patient stored in patient procedure tracking system 212A of hospital information system 212). [0095] In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may generate a patient profile for the patient. For example, protocol management system 102 may generate a patient profile for the patient based on the healthcare data associated with the patient. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may generate the patient profile based on demographic information associated with the patient and/or protected health information associated with the patient. Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO [0096] In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may select a specific dosage amount of a contrast fluid from a plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during an injection procedure for a patient. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may automatically select a dosage amount of medical fluid to be administered during an injection procedure for the patient based on a result of an inference of a machine learning model. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may provide an input to the machine learning model based on a request for inference for the machine learning model and the input may include a plurality of features. For example, the plurality of features may include at least one of the following: a weight of the patient, a height of the patient, an age of the patient, a body habitus type of the patient and/or a proxy for patient body habitus type (e.g., physical characteristics, body shape, body build, physique, body surface area, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), lean body mass, etc.), a medical history of the patient, a physiological state of the patient, a physiological measurement of the patient (e.g., heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac ejection fraction, respiration rate, etc.), or any combination thereof. In some non-limiting embodiments, the plurality of features may further include body surface area, body mass index (BMI), disease state and condition of the patient. For example, for patients with renal disease and low kidney function (e.g., as measured by low glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and/or high creatinine levels), it is often preferable to minimize iodine dose during CT or angiography medical imaging procedures. In some non-limiting embodiments, the plurality of features may further include results of previous images, previous study results, previous test results, laboratory values from blood, urine, and the like, as well as any other data. In some non-limiting embodiments, one or more features of the plurality of features may be automatically extracted from the obtained image or previously obtained images by protocol management system 102 (e.g., from native scans, scout scans, etc.) and may be either quantitative or qualitative features, radiomics features, and the like. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may determine the input based on the healthcare data received from the plurality of data sources 104. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may generate an output of the machine learning model based on the input, and the output may include a prediction of a dosage amount of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. In some non-limiting embodiments, when Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure, protocol management system 102 may determine whether a standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid or a fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. [0097] As shown in FIG. 4, at step 404, process 400 may include executing an injection protocol for the injection procedure. For example, protocol management system 102 may automatically execute an injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining a dosage amount of medical fluid to be administered during the injection procedure and selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of contrast fluid, and the injection protocol may include the specific dosage amount. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may automatically execute an injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that a fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure and selecting a specific fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of contrast fluid, and the injection protocol may include the specific fractional dosage amount. In some non- limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may automatically execute an injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that a standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure and selecting a specific standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of contrast fluid, and the injection protocol may include the specific standard dosage amount. [0098] In some non-limiting embodiments, where protocol management system 102 is associated with a fluid injection system (e.g. fluid injection system 108, fluid injection system 208) including a fluid injector (e.g., fluid injector 208) and the fluid injector includes a fractional dosage fluid injection component and a standard dosage fluid injection component, protocol management system 102 may automatically execute an injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that one of: the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered by the fractional dosage fluid injection component during the injection procedure for the patient, or the standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered by the standard dosage fluid injection component during the injection procedure for the patient. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may automatically execute the injection protocol for the injection procedure by controlling a fractional Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO dosage fluid injection component to administer the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid during the injection procedure for the patient. [0099] In some non-limiting embodiments, a fractional dosage fluid injection component comprises a fractional dosage fluid injection pump, and protocol management system 102 automatically executes the injection protocol for the injection procedure by operating the fractional dosage fluid injection pump. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may operate the fractional dosage fluid injection pump by receiving fluid flow data from a sensor, determining a fluid flow rate in a fluid path based on the fluid flow data received from the sensor, and outputting a control signal to the fractional dosage fluid injection pump. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may operate the fractional dosage fluid injection pump by receiving fluid data from a sensor, where the fluid data comprises an indication of whether air is present in a fluid path, determining whether a threshold amount of air is present in the fluid path based on the fluid data received from the sensor, and outputting a control signal to the fractional dosage fluid injection pump based on determining that air is present in the fluid path. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may operate the fractional dosage fluid injection pump by receiving contrast fluid concentration data from a sensor, determining a concentration of contrast fluid in a fluid path based on the contrast fluid concentration data received from the sensor, and outputting a control signal to the fractional dosage fluid injection pump. For example, fluid protocol management system 102 may operate the fractional dosage fluid injection pump as disclosed in ; U.S. Patent Application Serial No.09/267,238, filed March 12, 1999, issued as U.S. Patent No.6,317,623, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. [00100] In some non-limiting embodiments, a fluid injector may include one or more fluid injection pumps and one or more fluid sources. In some non-limiting embodiments, a fluid injector may include one or more fluid injection pumps and two or more fluid sources. In some non-limiting embodiments, a fluid injector may include two or more fluid injection pumps and two or more fluid sources. In some non-limiting embodiments, the fluid injection pumps (e.g., syringe-based pumps) may include a reservoir, a plunger, and a drive member. In some non-limiting embodiments, a fluid injection pump (e.g., a peristaltic pump or a gear pump) may include a tube, a rotary member, and a drive member. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO management system 102 may automatically execute an injection protocol for the injection procedure by receiving injection protocol data associated with the injection protocol for the injection procedure. Protocol management system 102 may receive injection protocol data from a plurality of data sources 104. In some non-limiting embodiments, injection protocol data may include one or more instructions related to an injection procedure. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may determine control parameters for the drive member based on the injection protocol data and output a control signal to the drive member to actuate the drive member to deliver a selected dosage amount of the contrast fluid to a patient, and the control signal may be based on the control parameters. For example, the control parameters pay include a specific length or increment of time, a certain linear distance, or a certain number of revolutions that protocol management system actuates the drive member, and the control parameters may correspond to delivering a specific dose such as the selected dose of contrast fluid for the injection procedure. [00101] As shown in FIG.4, at step 406, process 400 may include generating an image of a body of the patient. For example, protocol management system 102 may generate an image of an area of a body of the patient based on automatically executing the injection protocol. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may communicate with a medical imaging system (e.g., medical imaging system 110, medical imaging system 210, such as components thereof) to generate an image of the body of the patient. In some non-limiting embodiments, a medical imaging system (e.g., medical imaging scanner) may include devices and components specific to the specific imaging procedure and type of image to be generated including angiography, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photo emission topography (SPECT), hybrid imaging technologies such as SPECT/CT, PET/CT, PET/MRI, and/or other imaging procedures. [00102] In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may receive imaging data associated with an imaging protocol from a plurality of data sources 104. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may provide imaging data to the medical imaging system for generating an image of an area of a body of the patient. In some non-limiting embodiments, the imaging data may include features such as the type of image to be captured by the imaging system, the location on the body of the patient for which the image is to be captured, the size Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO of the image that is to be captured, the duration of imaging exposure (e.g. time elapsed from exposure of the patient to a light, radiation, or other energy source) at which the image is to be captured, the duration of exposure of the body to the contrast fluid (e.g., the time elapsed after contrast fluid administration) at which the image is to be captured, and/or any combination thereof. In some non-limiting embodiments, the imaging data may include source characteristics regarding the relevant imaging procedure. For example, for CT imaging the source characteristics may include the energy level (kVp), and radiation dose (mAs), and for MRI imaging, the source characteristics may include the static magnetic field strength, the pulse sequence, and the acquisition model used. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may generate instructions for and/or provide instructions to imaging system 210 for generating an image of an area of a body. In some non-limiting embodiments, the instructions may be based on data received from a plurality of data sources 104, and the data may include injection protocol data, healthcare data, imaging data, and/or any combination thereof. [00103] As shown in FIG.4 at step 408, process 400 may include generating an image analysis result of the image. For example, protocol management system 102 may generate an image analysis result of the image of a body of the patient based on the image of the area of the body of the patient generated by protocol management system 102. In some non-limiting embodiments, the image analysis result may be based on a result of an inference of a machine learning model. In non-limiting embodiments, when generating an image analysis result of the image, the protocol management system may provide an input to the machine learning model based on a request for inference for the machine learning model and generate an output of the machine learning model based on the input. In some non-limiting embodiments, the input may include data associated with the image such as a model of the image, features of the image, the image itself, and/or a combination thereof. In some non- limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may receive data associated with the image from the plurality of data sources 104, and the plurality of data sources may include one or more scanners and/or one or more sensors associated with medical imaging system 210. In some non-limiting embodiments, the output of the machine learning model may include quantitative data associated with the image, such as resolution, clarity, sharpness, brightness, image contrast, signal to noise ratio (S/N), Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO levels of image blur, amounts of image artifacts, and the like. In some non-limiting embodiments, the output may be qualitative. [00104] As shown in FIG. 4 at step 410, process 400 may include determining whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold image quality. For example, protocol management system 102 may determine whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold image quality. In some non-limiting embodiments, the image analysis result may be based on the quantitative data associated with the image analysis result. In some non-limiting embodiments, determining whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold image quality may be based on an inference of a machine learning model. For example, protocol management system 102 may provide, as an input to the machine learning model, the quantitative data associated with the image analysis result of the image and generate an output as to whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold image quality. Protocol management system 102 may also provide, as an input, the threshold itself. In some non-limiting embodiments, in determining whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold image quality, the output may be binary (e.g., yes the threshold image quality has been satisfied or no the threshold image quality has not been satisfied), trinary, (e.g., yes the threshold image quality has been met, no the threshold image quality has not been met, or the image analysis result is inconclusive as to whether the threshold image quality has been met), or may include multiple determinations such as the specific data points of the image analysis result that have and/or have not satisfied the threshold of image quality. In some non-limiting embodiments, determining whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold image quality may be based on a qualitative output. For example, in some non-limiting embodiments, determining whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold image quality may be based on a visual review a qualitative output (e.g., a manual review of the image by a technologist or user). [00105] In some non-limiting embodiments, where protocol management system 102 determines that the image analysis result does not satisfy the threshold of image quality, protocol management system 102 may repeat process 400 or steps of process 400 to enhance the image analysis result. For example, protocol management system 102 may automatically execute an additional injection protocol, generate an additional image analysis result of the image of the body of the patient, and determine whether the additional image analysis result satisfies a threshold image quality. Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO [00106] In some non-limiting embodiments, where protocol management system 102 determines that the image analysis result does not satisfy the threshold of image quality, protocol management system 102 may automatically execute an additional injection protocol for an additional injection procedure based on determining a dosage amount of medical fluid to be administered during the additional injection procedure and selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of contrast fluid, and the injection protocol may include the specific dosage amount. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may automatically execute an additional injection protocol for the additional injection procedure based on determining that a fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the additional injection procedure and selecting a specific fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of contrast fluid, and the additional injection protocol may include the specific fractional dosage amount. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may automatically execute an additional injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that a standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the additional injection procedure and selecting a specific standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of contrast fluid, and the additional injection protocol may include the specific standard dosage amount. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may determine that a fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the additional injection procedure to enhance the image analysis results and may select the specific fractional dosage that is to be administered from the plurality of fractional dosage amounts to enhance the image analysis results. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may determine that a standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the additional injection procedure to enhance the image analysis results and may select the specific standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid that is to be administered from the plurality of fractional dosage amounts to enhance the image analysis results. [00107] For example, after an image analysis result generated pursuant to execution of an injection protocol for an injection procedure in which a standard dosage amount of contrast fluid is administered, protocol management system 102 may determine that another standard dosage amount of contrast fluid is to be Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO administered during the additional injection procedure of enhancement of the image analysis results, or that a fractional dosage amount of contrast fluid is to be administered during the additional injection procedure to enhance the image analysis result. Protocol management system 102 may further determine the specific dosage amount of contrast fluid that is to be administered during the additional injection procedure. In some non-limiting embodiments, after an image analysis result generated pursuant to execution of an injection protocol for an injection procedure in which a fractional dosage amount of contrast fluid is administered, protocol management system 102 may determine that another fractional dosage amount of contrast fluid is to be administered during the additional injection procedure of enhancement of the image analysis results, or that a standard dosage amount of contrast fluid is to be administered during the additional injection procedure to enhance the image analysis result, and protocol management system 102 may further determine the specific dosage amount of contrast fluid that is to be administered during the additional injection procedure. [00108] In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may then generate an additional image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient. In some non-limiting embodiments, generating an additional image analysis may include generating an additional image of an area of an area of a body of the patient pursuant to step 406 of process 400 as discussed herein. [00109] In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may generate an additional image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient without capturing an additional image. For example, protocol management system 102 may generate an initial image, generate an initial image analysis result of the image, determine that the image analysis result does not satisfy the threshold image quality, execute an additional injection protocol for the injection procedure, generate an enhanced image (e.g., enhance the initial image) of an area of a body of a patient, generate an image analysis result, and determine whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold image before capturing the image. [00110] In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 may then generate an additional image analysis result of the image pursuant to step 408 of process 400 as discussed herein. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system may then determine whether the additional image analysis result satisfies the threshold image quality. In some non-limiting embodiments, where Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO protocol management system 102 determines that the image analysis result does not satisfy the threshold of image quality, protocol management system 102 may repeat process 400 or steps of process 400 to enhance the image analysis result. [00111] Referring now to FIGS.5-18, FIGS.5-18 are schematic illustrations of non- limiting embodiments of fluid injector 500 for use with a fluid injection system (e.g., fluid injection system 108, fluid injection system 208), and various components thereof, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some non-limiting embodiments, a fluid injection system for providing a medical procedure plan may include fluid injector 500, as shown in FIGS.5-8. [00112] With continued reference to FIGS. 5-8, FIGS. 5-8 show exemplary embodiments of fluid injector 500 for use with a fluid injection system. In some non- limiting embodiments, fluid injector 500 may include at least one fluid injection pump 522, at least one fluid source 524, and first tubing set 526 having at least one valve assembly 528. In some non-limiting embodiments, at least one valve assembly 528 may be configured to selectively provide a fluid connection between at least one fluid source 524 and first tubing set 526, between first tubing set 526 and at least one fluid injection pump 522, or between at least one fluid source 524, first tubing set 526, and at least one fluid injection pump 522. [00113] As shown in FIGS. 5-8, fluid injector 500 may include one or more fluid injection pumps 522 (which may be referred to individually as fluid injection pumps 522a, 522b, 522c, 522d, etc.) (e.g., a syringe-based pump, a peristaltic pump, a gear pump) and one or more fluid sources 524 (which may be referred to individually as fluid source 524a, 524b, 524c, 524d, etc.) (e.g., at least one vial, bottle, bag, container). FIG.5 shows a total of five fluid injection pumps 522 and five fluid sources 524. However, it is to be understood that any number of fluid injection pumps 522 and any number of fluid sources 524 may be used and controlled by an injection system (e.g., fluid injection system 108) and/or a protocol management system (e.g., protocol management system 102). [00114] With continued reference to FIGS. 5-8, first tubing set 526 may include connector member 530 (e.g., a fluid path element) configured to connect second tubing set 532, and second tubing set 532 may be connected to catheter 534 configured to be fluidly connected to a patient P. In some non-limiting embodiments, at least one valve assembly 528 may be configured to selectively provide a fluid connection between first tubing set 526 and second tubing set 532. Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO [00115] In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injection pumps 522 (e.g., a syringe-based pump) may each include reservoir 536 (e.g., reservoirs 536a, 536b, 536c, 536d, 536e), plunger 538 (e.g., plungers 538a, 538b, 538c, 538d, 538e), and drive member 540 (e.g., pistons such as drive members 540a, 540b, 540c, 540d, 540e). In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injection pumps 522 a (e.g., a peristaltic pump, a gear pump) may include a tube, a rotary member, and a drive member. In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injector 500 may further include one or more actuators 544 configured to actuate (e.g., impart motion) drive member 540 of fluid injection pumps 522. In some non-limiting embodiments, one or more of the fluid injection pumps 522 may include a fractional dosage fluid injection component, and a standard dosage fluid injection component. For example, in some non-limiting embodiments, any of fluid injection pumps 522 may include a fractional dosage fluid injection component, which may include a fractional dosage fluid injection pump. For example, in some non-limiting embodiments, any of fluid injection pumps 522 may include one or more exemplary fractional dosage fluid injection components described herein with respect to FIGS. 9-18, as well as any of those that are disclosed in International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2024/022782, filed on April 3, 2024, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. [00116] In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injection system 500 may further include one or more sensors 542 (which may be referred to individually as fluid injection pumps 542a, 542b, 542c, 542d, etc.). For example, one or more sensors 542 may include a fluid rate sensor, an air sensor, a concentration sensor, or other useful sensors. One or more sensors may be placed at various locations and positions on first tubing set 526, for providing data as an input to protocol management system 102. [00117] In some non-limiting embodiments, first tubing set 526 may be a multi-use set such that first tubing set 526 maintains sterility and is suitable for multiple injection procedures for multiple patients without contamination of the multi-use components thereof. In some non-limiting embodiments, the multi-use aspects of the system may be prepared for use by assembling the fluid path, which may include first tubing set 526, second tubing set 532, and fluid sources 524 and purging the fluid path elements of air. The MEDRAD^® Centargo CT Injection System offered by Bayer HealthCare LLC is a system similar to this. As shown in FIG. 5, the valve assembly 528 of the first tubing set 526 may include one or more valves 528a, 528b, 528c, 528d, etc., at various locations and positions on first tubing set 526, for providing a fluid connection between Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO the various components of the fluid path. As further shown in FIG.5, using connecting members 530, the catheter 534 (e.g., the patient’s IV) is connected to the fluid injector 500. In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injector 500 may also include a waste container W for containing flushing agent and/or contrast fluid expelled during priming and/or unused flushing agent and/or contrast fluid. [00118] Based on the intended study, as discussed herein, information or data (e.g., particulars about the patient such as weight, height, condition, medications, allergies, and particulars of the injection protocol) may be received by protocol management system 102 as discussed herein, and protocol management system 102 may provide a medical procedure plan and/or perform an injection procedure. In some non-limiting embodiments, protocol management system 102 and/or other systems discussed herein (e.g., fluid injection system 108, medical imaging system 110) may be programmed by the operator, may suggest a program to the operator for their confirmation, or may set the program and allow the operator to review and modify the program, if desired. [00119] In the exemplary system shown in FIG.5, fluid injection pumps 522a, 522b, 522c may be similar sized syringes with a maximum deliverable volume of, for example, approximately 194ml, and may thus have similar performance characteristics. Fluid source 524a may include a flushing solution, for example saline, which is used to prime the fluid path elements, to flush the other drugs out of the fluid path elements and into the patient, and to move the drugs through the patient’s peripheral circulation to their central circulation at which point it will be carried onward by the central circulation. [00120] In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid source 524a and fluid source 524b may include contrast fluid. This exemplary configuration may provide the ability inject more total volume than one fluid injection pump 522 (e.g., syringe) can hold or to deliver a full dose if one fluid source 524 is emptied and has not yet been replaced, causing there to be less fluid in one of the fluid injection pumps 522 than is needed to administer a full dose. In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid sources 524 may include different contrast fluids. [00121] In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injector 500 may include only two fluid injection pumps 522a, 522b, for example, similar to the MEDRAD^® MRXperion MR Injection System, offered by Bayer HealthCare LLC, which uses only two fluid injection pumps 522. In some examples, fluid injection pump 522a may be used for Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO the flush and may have a nominal volume of 110ml. In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injection pump 522b may be used to administer the contrast fluid and may have a nominal volume of approximately 65ml. In some non-limiting embodiments, where fluid injector 500 includes only one fluid injection pump 522b for administering contrast, if fluid source 524b is emptied of contrast fluid before fluid injection pump 522b is filled, the user may intervene to change the fluid source to continue the procedure. Additional fluid injection pumps 522 may be used to inject additional drugs (e.g., cardiac stress agents for cardiac imaging). [00122] In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injector 500 may utilize two fluid injection pumps 522 that deliver the same fluid but have syringes with significantly different cross-sectional areas, for example different by a factor of 5 or 10 or more. [00123] In some non-limiting embodiments, fluid injection pump 522b may have a syringe with a nominal volume of 65ml, as the MRXperion does, while fluid injection pump 522c may have reservoir 536c with a volume of 5ml or 3ml. In such exemplary embodiments, fluid injection pump 522b may be utilized to deliver volumes greater than the capacity of the reservoir 536b of fluid injection pump 522c, and fluid injection pump 522c may be used to deliver volumes within its capacity. [00124] Fluid injection pump 522a may be a larger syringe, for example the nominal 110ml syringe, because it is used to deliver flushing fluid. The required volume and flow rates of flushing fluid generally will not change even if the volume of delivered contrast or drug varies over a wide range, as there needs to be sufficient flow to move the drug through the tube and the patient’s veins in a reasonable timeframe and enough flush volume after the drug flow ceases to fully flush the lines to the patient. [00125] Referring now to FIG.6, FIG.6 shows a non-limiting embodiment of fluid injector 500, with simplifications, which performs as described above, in which fluid injection pump 522b which may include a larger syringe and fluid injection pump 522c which may include a smaller syringe are connected to the same fluid source 524b including contrast fluid. This exemplary configuration accommodates the range of fluid deliveries needed. [00126] Referring now to FIG. 7, FIG. 7 shows non-limiting embodiment of fluid injector 500 in which fluid injection pump 522d may include a fractional dosage fluid injection component, which may be provided prefilled with the same contrast fluid as included in fluid source 524b. If it is expected that a fractional dosage amount of contrast fluid will be needed, in anticipation of needing a fractional dosage amount of Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO contrast fluid dose, or at the time when it is determined that a fractional dosage amount of contrast fluid is needed for a particular study, a small, prefilled syringe may be included in fluid injection pump 522d and connected to the fluid path line for delivery as required by the determined injection protocol. [00127] In some non-limiting embodiments, reservoir 536d of fluid injection pump 522d may be filled through valve 528c, valve 528d, valve 528h and valve 528g from the contrast in fluid injection pump 522b that had been previously drawn from fluid source 524b. In this operation, valve 528W may be closed so that no fluid flows to the waste container W or to the patient P. After the filling of fluid injection pump 522a, fluid injection pump 522a may purge the line between fluid injection pump 522b and fluid injection pump 522d to the waste container W so that no contrast fluid is delivered to the patient P until delivered by fluid injection pump 522b or fluid injection pump 522d. [00128] Referring now to FIG. 8, FIG. 8 shows a non-limiting embodiment which avoids the need to flush a line to the waste container W. The valve 528b associated with fluid injection pump 522a containing the flushing solution may be connected to connector member 530’ and a fluid path element connecting connector members 530 and valve 528h of fluid injection pump 522d. Connector members 530 may then be connected to catheter 534 and to the patient P. Thus, contrast may be delivered from fluid injection pump 522d with flush from fluid injection pump 522a without affecting the line between valve 528d and the waste valve 528W. [00129] Referring now to FIGS.9-18, FIGS 9-18 illustrate exemplary embodiments of fractional dosage fluid injection components 900 (hereinafter “fractional components 900). Fractional components 900 may be implemented in place of or in addition to one or more of fluid injection pumps 522 in a fluid injector such as fluid injector 500 and/or a fluid injection system such as fluid injection system 108, for executing an injection protocol for an injection procedure as discussed herein. In some non-limiting embodiments, fractional components 900 may include fractional dosage fluid injection pumps. In some non-limiting embodiments, fractional components 900 may be fractional dosage fluid injection pumps (e.g., syringe-based pumps, peristaltic pumps, gear pumps). In some non-limiting embodiments, fractional components 900 may be syringes, such as micro syringes. [00130] Referring now to FIG. 9, FIG. 9 illustrates a non-limiting embodiment of fractional component 900 in which fluid injection pump 522b may deliver a smaller more precise volume of contrast fluid to fractional pump 922, which may be a micro Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO syringe, small bore pump, small bore cylinder, or the like. The movement of plunger 938 in fractional pump 922 may be monitored by a camera or other sensor such that it is filled with an accurate volume. The contrast fluid may then be delivered by delivering saline, the flushing fluid, from fluid injection pump 522a which first delivers the contrast out of the fractional pump 922 and then flows to the patient P. The contrast fluid may be delivered by the saline flush until plunger 938 bottoms out and pressure spikes. The contrast fluid may be pre‐charged to fractional pump 922 either by a manual hand syringe (not shown) or by any other fluid injector pump (e.g., fluid injection pump 522) discussed herein. [00131] Referring now to FIGS. 10-12, FIGS. 10-12 illustrate non-limiting embodiments of fractional component 900 in which a fractional pump 922 (e.g., a smaller diameter fluid injection pump) is effectively contained within fluid injection pump 522 (e.g., a larger diameter fluid injection pump). Fluid injection pump 522 and fractional pump 922 may be driven by two independent actuators 544, 594 with the effect that moving the smaller piston or plunger rod results in a more accurate fluid delivery and moving the larger plunger results in a larger volume and/or flow rate being delivered. [00132] Referring now to FIG.13, FIG.13 illustrates a non-limiting embodiment of fractional component 900 in which a peristaltic-like mechanism, for the compression of a tube, is used as one of the fluid injector pumps, for example fluid injection pump 522. The tube may be filled with contrast from fluid source 524 using the reciprocating fingers 930 in a linear peristaltic motion. Once filled with only the outlet pinch valve 934 closed, the fluid in the tube 926 may then be isolated from the fluid source by closing the inlet pinch valve 932. To deliver fluid, the outlet pinch valve 934 is opened and one or more of the fingers 930 of varying sizes may be controllably compressed by varying amounts to deliver the range of volumes needed. [00133] Referring now to FIG.14, FIG.14 illustrates a non-limiting embodiment of fractional component 900 in which fluid injector pump 522 has a small syringe 922 and it refills and dispenses the small syringe 922 multiple times during an injection [00134] Referring now to FIG.15, FIG.15 illustrates a non-limiting embodiment of fractional component 900 in which a small syringe 922 accurately delivers the contrast into the patient line filled with saline. Once in the line, the contrast followed by saline can be delivered to the patient by the injector dispensing fluid from fluid injection pump 522. Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO [00135] Referring now to FIGS.16A-16C, FIGS.16A-16C illustrate a non-limiting embodiment of fractional component 900 in which a syringe for manual contrast delivery of small volumes utilizes finger-like stops 960 to prevent over delivery by the person doing the injection. [00136] Referring now to FIG.17, FIG.17 illustrates a non-limiting embodiment of fractional component 900 in which the saline flush is controllably directed to flush contrast from successive small, accurate volumes to deliver the desired dose to the patient. [00137] Referring now to FIG.18, FIG.18 illustrates a non-limiting embodiment of fractional component 900 in which the accuracy of delivery from a syringe is controlled by the center rod or plunger which is slightly smaller in diameter than the syringe internal diameter (ID) and can be manufactured using a more accurate mechanism, for example centerless grinding, than the syringe barrel. [00138] In some non-limiting embodiments, an in-bore infuser, such as an in-bore infuser as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No.10/921,083, filed August 18, 2004, issued as U.S. Patent No.7,632,245, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, may be implemented as a fractional component 900 for use with fluid injector 500. By selecting, filling, and installing a syringe that is appropriate to the volume to be used for the patient being studied, the accuracy of delivery may be sufficient. Optionally, the syringe is accurately prefilled to the volume to be delivered and thus its full volume can be delivered and followed by the saline flush. [00139] In an additional aspect, it is beneficial to recognize that if two or more fluids, for example the contrast and saline, are being delivered simultaneously and the total volumes and flow rates are significantly different from each other, the current practice of deciding upon, describing, programming, or specifying, testing, verifying, and validating the fluid delivery as percentage of contrast of the total flow will be difficult for the user to understand, calculate, review, and program, as well as for the engineers and designers to design, specify, verify, test, and validate. For example, for a small patient with artificial intelligence (AI) applied to their study for image enhancement (e.g., fast image reconstruction using sparse sampling), the total dose of contrast may for example be 0.4ml and it may need to be delivered over 15 seconds, to provide sufficient duration of enhancement for successful image acquisition, resulting in the flow rate of contrast being 0.0267ml/s. In some non-limiting embodiments, it may be Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO desirable to have the total volumetric flow into the patient be on the order of at least 1ml/s for adults so that the fluid moves through the arm and into the central circulation at a sufficient and consistent rate as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 17/177,954, filed February 17, 2021, issued as U.S. Patent No. 11,717,605, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. This injection may then be followed by a saline flush, for example, of 30ml at 1ml/S.. In this example, the percentage of contrast is thus 2.67%. This small ratio between contrast and injection volumes and flow rates also affects how the flow rate and volume accuracy may most usefully be designed, specified, verified, tested, and/or validated. Injectors commonly specify accuracies as +/- a fixed number plus a percentage of the programmed total volume or flow rate. But if the injection is only 2.67% contrast and it is desirable for the contrast flow rate and volume to be 10% accurate, when the contrast is programmed as a percentage of the total fluid, then the total fluid accuracy, which is primarily controlled by the flush fluid accuracy, needs to be on the order of 0.267% accurate, ((10%*0.0267ml/S)/1ml/S) [00140] In some non-limiting embodiments, the flow rates of the two or more fluids or the volumes of the two or more fluids to be injected together over a given duration of time may be individually, separately, or independently programmed or specified in identical or compatible units. In this example the injection may be programmed as a contrast volume of 0.4ml injected over 15 seconds with a simultaneous saline flush of 15ml over that same duration, or it may be programmed as a contrast volume of 4ml at a flow rate of 0.0267ml/S with a simultaneous flush having a volume of 15ml at 0.9733ml/S, or the contrast may be programmed as a flow rate of 0.0267ml/S for a duration of 15S with a flush of 0.9733ml/S for 15S, where for constant flow, flow rate is equal to volume divided by duration [00141] In some non-limiting embodiments, the injector specification, design, verification, testing, validation, and or approval process of the devices, systems, associated components, and methods for delivering precise and/or small volumes of contrast media and/or standard volumes of contrast and/or saline, the accuracy of each fluid and/or flow rate may be specified as accuracy that is related to the individual flow rate or volume, not the total or net flow rate or volume of the combined flows. In some non-limiting examples, as discussed herein, the contrast volume may be specified as a volume of 0.4ml +/- 10% and a flow rate of 0.0267ml/s +/- 10% and the saline flush may be specified as a volume of 15ml +/-10% and a flow rate of 1ml/s +/- Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO 10%. Because the contrast may be injected into the stream of the flushing fluid, where the flushing fluid errs on the high side, for example, the total fluid is more dilute than if the flush were accurately delivered at the programmed flush flow rate, but the amount of contrast entering the patient’s body over time may only be the error in the contrast flow rate, as the higher flushing fluid moves more total fluid per unit time but at a lower concentration of contrast, so, to first order, the amount of contrast entering the patient per unit time may be unaffected by errors in flush rate. In some non-limiting examples, the contrast flow rate may be +/-5% and the flush flow rate may be +/-20%. Effectively, consistency in flush flow rate may be more important than accuracy in flush flow rate. The exact specification of accuracy and the percentages specified depend upon multiple factors, for example what is possible, what regulating bodies require, and what factors affect the image quality. In some non-limiting embodiments, it may also be useful to specify precision (or variation) over an injection as well as absolute accuracy. [00142] While in the example above, the duration of the contrast and injection are described as being the same, with the dual flow phase being followed by a saline only flush phase, in some non-limiting embodiments the injection may be describing or programming as a single, long saline phase with a shorter contrast phase, optionally starting after some delay and ending before the end of the saline phase. An injection of this type is shown in FIG.5A of U.S. Patent Application Serial No.17/606,532, filed June 2, 2020, published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2022/0133982A1, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. If the contrast flow rate is significantly less that the saline flow rate, for example less than 10% thereof, the saline flow rate may optionally be constant and the contrast flow is just added on. [00143] While several examples of the devices, systems, associated components, and methods for delivering precise and/or small volumes of contrast media and/or standard volumes of contrast and for enhancing images during medical imaging procedures are shown in the accompanying figures and described in detail hereinabove, other aspects will be apparent to, and readily made by, those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing description is intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive. The various embodiments of the present disclosure described hereinabove is defined by the appended claims and all changes to the disclosed concepts that fall within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO [00144] Although the above systems, methods and various embodiments and aspects thereof have been described in detail for the purpose of illustration based on what is currently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that the present disclosure is not limited to the described embodiments or aspects but, to the contrary, is intended to cover modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the present system. For example, it is to be understood that the present disclosure contemplates that, to the extent possible, one or more features of any embodiment or aspect can be combined with one or more features of any other embodiment or aspect. In fact, any of these features can be combined in ways not specifically disclosed in the specification.

Claims

Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO CLAIMS WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A method for performing an injection procedure, comprising: selecting, with at least one processor, a specific dosage amount of a contrast fluid from a plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during an injection procedure for a patient; automatically executing, with at least one processor, an injection protocol for the injection procedure based on selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of contrast fluid, wherein the injection protocol includes the specific dosage amount; generating, with at least one processor, an image of an area of a body of the patient based on automatically executing the injection protocol; generating, with at least one processor, an image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient; and determining, with at least one processor, whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold of image quality. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: automatically executing an additional injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that the image analysis result does not satisfy the threshold of image quality; generating an additional image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient; and determining whether the additional image analysis result satisfies the threshold of image quality. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient comprises: determining whether a standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid or a fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO 4. The method of claim 3, wherein automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure comprises: automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, wherein the injection protocol includes the fractional dosage amount. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure comprises: controlling a fractional dosage fluid injection component to administer the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid during the injection procedure for the patient. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient comprises: automatically selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient based on a result of an inference of a machine learning model. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein automatically selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient comprises: providing an input to the machine learning model based on a request for inference for the machine learning model, wherein the input comprises a plurality of features, wherein the plurality of features comprises at least one of the following: a weight of the patient; a height of the patient; an age of the patient; a sex of the patient; a body habitus type of the patient; a medical history of the patient; Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO a physiological state of the patient; a physiological measurement of the patient; or any combination thereof; and generating an output of the machine learning model based on the input, wherein the output comprises a prediction of a dosage amount of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. 8. A system for providing a medical procedure plan, comprising: a fluid injector; and at least one processor coupled to the fluid injector and configured to: select a specific dosage amount of a contrast fluid from a plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered by a fluid injection system during an injection procedure for a patient; automatically execute an injection protocol for the injection procedure based on selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of contrast fluid, wherein the injection protocol includes the specific dosage amount; generate an image of an area of a body of the patient based on automatically executing the injection protocol; generate an image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient; and determine whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold of image quality. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: automatically execute an additional injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that the image analysis result does not satisfy the threshold of image quality; generate an additional image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient; and determine whether the additional image analysis result satisfies the threshold of image quality. Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO 10. The system of claim 8, wherein, when selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: determine whether a standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid or a fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein, when automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: automatically execute the injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, wherein the injection protocol includes the fractional dosage amount. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein, when automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: control a fractional dosage fluid injection component to administer the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid during the injection procedure for the patient. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein, when selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: automatically select the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient based on a result of an inference of a machine learning model. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein, when automatically selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: provide an input to the machine learning model based on a request for inference for the machine learning model, wherein the input comprises a plurality of features, wherein the plurality of features comprises at least one of the following: a weight of the patient; a height of the patient; an age of the patient; a sex of the patient; a body habitus type of the patient; a medical history of the patient; a physiological state of the patient; a physiological measurement of the patient; or any combination thereof; and generate an output of the machine learning model based on the input, wherein the output comprises a prediction of a dosage amount of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. 15. A fluid injection system for providing a medical procedure plan, comprising: a fluid injector, wherein the fluid injector comprises: a fractional dosage fluid injection component; and a standard dosage fluid injection component; and at least one processor coupled to the fluid injector and configured to: determine whether a standard dosage amount of a contrast fluid is to be administered by the standard dosage fluid injection component or a fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered by the fractional dosage fluid injection component during an injection procedure for a patient; automatically execute an injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that one of: the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered by the fractional dosage fluid injection component during the injection procedure for the patient, and Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO the standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered by the standard dosage fluid injection component during the injection procedure for the patient; generate an image of an area of a body of the patient based on automatically executing the injection protocol; generate an image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient; and determine whether the image analysis result satisfies a threshold of image quality. 16. The fluid injection system of claim 15, wherein the fractional dosage fluid injection component comprises a fractional dosage fluid injection pump, and wherein, when automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure, the at least one processor is configured to: operate the fractional dosage fluid injection pump. 17. The fluid injection system of claim 16, wherein, when operating the fractional dosage fluid injection pump, the at least one processor is configured to: receive fluid flow data from a sensor; determine a fluid flow rate in a fluid path based on the fluid flow data received from the sensor; and output a control signal to the fractional dosage fluid injection pump. 18. The fluid injection system of claim 16, wherein, when operating the fractional dosage fluid injection pump, the at least one processor is configured to: receive fluid data from a sensor, wherein the fluid data comprises an indication of whether air is present in a fluid path; determine whether a threshold amount of air is present in the fluid path based on the fluid data received from the sensor; and output a control signal to the fractional dosage fluid injection pump based on determining that air is present in the fluid path. 19. The fluid injection system of claim 16, wherein, when operating the fractional dosage fluid injection pump, the at least one processor is configured to: Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO receive contrast fluid concentration data from a sensor; determine a concentration of contrast fluid in a fluid path based on the contrast fluid concentration data received from the sensor; and output a control signal to the fractional dosage fluid injection pump. 20. The fluid injection system of claim 15, wherein the fluid injector comprises: at least one fluid injection pump; at least one fluid source; and a first tubing set having at least one valve assembly, wherein the at least one valve assembly is configured to selectively provide a fluid connection between the at least one fluid source and the first tubing set, between the first tubing set and the at least one fluid injection pump, or between the at least one fluid source, the first tubing set, and the at least one fluid injection pump. 21. The fluid injection system of claim 20, wherein the first tubing set comprises a connector member configured to connect a second tubing set, wherein the second tubing set is connected to a catheter configured to be fluidly connected to a patient, and wherein the at least one valve assembly is configured to selectively provide a fluid connection between the first tubing set and the second tubing set. 22. The fluid injection system of claim 15, wherein the fluid injector comprises: two or more fluid injection pumps; and two or more fluid sources, wherein the two or more fluid injection pumps each comprise: a reservoir; a plunger; and a drive member; wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receive injection protocol data associated with the injection protocol for the injection procedure, Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO determine control parameters for the drive member based on the injection protocol data, and output a control signal to the drive member to actuate the drive member to deliver a selected dosage amount of the contrast fluid to a patient, wherein the control signal is based on the control parameters. 23. The fluid injection system of claim 15, wherein the fluid injector comprises: two or more fluid injection pumps; and two or more fluid sources, wherein the two or more fluid injection pumps each comprise: a tube; a rotary member; and a drive member; wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receive injection protocol data associated with the injection protocol for the injection procedure, determine control parameters for the drive member based on the injection protocol data, and output a control signal to the drive member to actuate the drive member to deliver a selected dosage amount of the contrast fluid to a patient, wherein the control signal is based on the control parameters. 24. The fluid injection system of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: automatically execute an additional injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that the image analysis result does not satisfy the threshold of image quality; generate an additional image analysis result of the image of the area of the body of the patient; and determine whether the additional image analysis result satisfies the threshold of image quality. Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO 25. The fluid injection system of claim 15, wherein, when selecting a specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from a plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during an injection procedure for the patient, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: determine whether a standard dosage amount of the contrast fluid or a fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. 26. The fluid injection system of claim 25, wherein, when automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: automatically execute the injection protocol for the injection procedure based on determining that the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, wherein the injection protocol includes the fractional dosage amount. 27. The fluid injection system of claim 25, wherein, when automatically executing the injection protocol for the injection procedure, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: control a fractional dosage fluid injection component to administer the fractional dosage amount of the contrast fluid during the injection procedure for the patient. 28. The fluid injection system of claim 25, wherein, when selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: automatically select the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient based on a result of an inference of a machine learning model. Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO 29. The fluid injection system of claim 28, wherein, when automatically selecting the specific dosage amount of the contrast fluid from the plurality of dosage amounts of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: provide an input to the machine learning model based on a request for inference for the machine learning model, wherein the input comprises a plurality of features, wherein the plurality of features comprises at least one of the following: a weight of the patient; a height of the patient; an age of the patient; a sex of the patient; a body habitus type of the patient; a medical history of the patient; a physiological state of the patient; a physiological measurement of the patient; or any combination thereof; and generate an output of the machine learning model based on the input, wherein the output comprises a prediction of a dosage amount of the contrast fluid that is to be administered during the injection procedure for the patient. 30. A fluid injection system for providing a fluid injection as part of a medical procedure plan, comprising: a fluid injector, wherein the fluid injector comprises: a first dosage fluid injection component; and a second dosage fluid injection component; and at least one processor coupled to the fluid injector and configured to: simultaneously deliver a first fluid from the first dosage fluid injection component and a second fluid from the second dosage fluid injection component during the fluid injection; wherein a flow rate of delivery of the first fluid and a flow rate of delivery of the second fluid are independently specified for a duration of the fluid injection; or Attorney Ref. No. BHC239016WO wherein the total volume of delivery of the first fluid and total volume of delivery of the second fluid are independently specified for the duration of the injection. 31. The fluid injection system of claim 30, wherein the fluid injector comprises: two or more fluid injection pumps; and two or more fluid sources, wherein the two or more fluid injection pumps each comprise: a reservoir; a plunger; and a drive member; wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receive injection protocol data associated with the injection protocol for the injection procedure; determine control parameters for the drive member based on the injection protocol data, and output a control signal to the drive member to actuate the drive member to deliver a selected dosage amount of the contrast fluid to a patient, wherein the control signal is based on the control parameters. 32. The fluid injection system of claim 30, wherein an accuracy of the flow rate of delivery of the first dosage fluid injection component and an accuracy of the flow rate of delivery of the second dosage fluid injection component are designed, specified, verified, tested, and/or validated separately; and/or wherein an accuracy of the total volume of delivery of the first dosage fluid injection component and an accuracy of the total volume of delivery of the second dosage fluid injection component are designed, specified, verified, tested, and/or validated separately.