WO2025013596A1 - 建設機械 - Google Patents
建設機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2025013596A1 WO2025013596A1 PCT/JP2024/022764 JP2024022764W WO2025013596A1 WO 2025013596 A1 WO2025013596 A1 WO 2025013596A1 JP 2024022764 W JP2024022764 W JP 2024022764W WO 2025013596 A1 WO2025013596 A1 WO 2025013596A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hardness
- ground
- excavation
- work attachment
- bucket
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
Definitions
- the present invention relates to construction machinery.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an example of such a construction machine.
- This construction machine has a sensor that includes a strain sensor or acceleration sensor that is attached to the work attachment, and a hardness estimation unit that estimates the hardness of the ground based on the detection value of the sensor.
- the hardness estimation unit is configured to estimate the hardness of the ground based on the detection value of the sensor when a predetermined operation is performed to bring the work attachment into contact with the ground (ground) at a predetermined speed and a predetermined angle, and on data in which the detection value of the sensor when the predetermined operation is performed is associated with the hardness of the ground.
- the hardness estimation unit is configured to determine the characteristics of the waveform of the detection value by the sensor (for example, characteristics such as whether or not the waveform shows a large acceleration followed by a decrease in acceleration in a short period of time) and estimate the hardness of the ground according to the determined characteristics of the waveform (see, for example, paragraphs [0054]-[0055] of Patent Document 1).
- the present invention was made to solve the above problems, and aims to provide a construction machine that can estimate the hardness of the ground with high accuracy.
- the present invention provides a machine body, a work attachment that is attached to the machine body and has a bucket capable of digging and holding soil that constitutes the ground and that can perform an excavation operation of the ground via the bucket, a weight detection unit that can detect the weight of the soil held in the bucket, and a hardness estimation unit that estimates the hardness of the ground, and the hardness estimation unit is configured to execute an estimation process to estimate the hardness of the ground based on the weight of the soil detected by the weight detection unit and first hardness correspondence data that specifies the change in weight of the soil due to differences in the hardness of the ground after a predetermined excavation operation is performed in which the work attachment changes its posture from an excavation start posture to an excavation completion posture capable of holding the soil after excavation while satisfying a target speed condition.
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing a construction machine according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a hydraulic control circuit of a construction machine.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a control system of a construction machine.
- FIG. 4A is an explanatory diagram for explaining a predetermined excavation operation by the work attachment, showing a state in which the work attachment is in an excavation start attitude.
- FIG. 4B is an explanatory diagram for explaining a predetermined excavation operation by the construction machine, showing a state in which the bucket of the work attachment is excavating earth and sand from the ground.
- FIG. 4C is an explanatory diagram for explaining a predetermined excavation operation by the construction machine, showing a state in which the work attachment is in an excavation completion attitude.
- FIG. 4A is an explanatory diagram for explaining a predetermined excavation operation by the work attachment, showing a state in which the work attachment is in an excavation start attitude.
- FIG. 4B is an explanatory diagram for explaining
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing dimensional information used in a moment balance equation when the weight of soil held in the bucket is calculated by the weight detection unit.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of hardness correspondence data that associates the weight of soil held in the bucket by a predetermined excavation operation of the work attachment with the hardness of the ground.
- Figure 7A is an explanatory diagram illustrating that the amount of soil excavated by the bucket differs between soft soil and hard soil when a specified excavation operation is performed by a work attachment, and shows the excavation path when excavating soft soil with a dashed line.
- FIG. 7B is an explanatory diagram illustrating that the amount of soil excavated by the bucket differs between soft soil and hard soil when a specified excavation operation is performed by the work attachment, and shows the excavation path when excavating hard soil with a dashed line.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram for explaining how to determine the target speed condition (the target speed of the composite center of gravity in this example) when a predetermined excavation operation is performed by the work attachment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of a hardness estimation process executed by the controller.
- FIG. 10 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 and showing a modified example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a notification screen for notifying the degree of deviation between the speed state of the work attachment and a target speed condition in a modified example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 and showing the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the change in cylinder load over time when a predetermined excavation operation is performed by the work attachment.
- FIG. 14 is a view corresponding to FIG. 9 and showing the second embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 and showing a third embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of the operational data acquired by the operational data acquiring unit.
- FIG. 17 is a view corresponding to FIG. 9 and shows a third embodiment.
- FIG. 18A is a graph showing an example of the second hardness correspondence data.
- FIG. 18B is a graph showing an example of the second hardness correspondence data.
- FIG. 18C is a graph showing an example of the second hardness correspondence data.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of weighting coefficient data that defines weighting coefficients corresponding to each operating state-corresponding stiffness (second stiffness).
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of data of the acquired results of the stiffness according to the operating state.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of an information display screen.
- FIG. 22 is a view corresponding to FIG. 6 and showing another modified embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing a hydraulic excavator 1 (construction machine) according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the hydraulic excavator 1 includes a crawler-type lower traveling body 10 capable of traveling on a traveling surface (the upper surface of the ground G), an upper rotating body 12 mounted on the lower traveling body 10 so as to be rotatable about a central axis of rotation perpendicular to the traveling surface, and a work attachment 20 (work device) mounted on the upper rotating body 12 so as to be capable of being raised and lowered.
- the work attachment 20 includes a boom 21 supported on the upper rotating body 12 so as to be capable of being raised and lowered, an arm 22 rotatably connected to the tip of the boom 21, and a bucket 23 (tip member) rotatably connected to the tip of the arm 22.
- the bucket 23 has a base end 23a connected to the arm 22 when viewed from the side, and a tip end 23b having a claw portion formed thereon.
- the upper rotating body 12 includes a rotating frame 121 and a cab 13.
- the lower running body 10 and the upper rotating body 12 constitute the machine body 1S.
- the hydraulic excavator 1 includes a boom cylinder 21S that operates to raise and lower the boom 21 relative to the upper rotating body 12, an arm cylinder 22S that operates to rotate the arm 22 relative to the boom 21, and a bucket cylinder 23S that operates to rotate the bucket 23 relative to the arm 22.
- Each cylinder receives hydraulic oil from a hydraulic pump and operates to expand and contract.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a hydraulic control circuit of a construction machine.
- g1 indicates the center of gravity of the boom 21
- g2 indicates the center of gravity of the arm 22
- g3 indicates the center of gravity of the bucket 23
- g indicates the combined center of gravity of the work attachment 20.
- the hydraulic excavator 1 further includes an engine 100, a first hydraulic pump 2A and a second hydraulic pump 2B, a pilot pressure oil hydraulic pump 3, an operating unit 4, an electromagnetic proportional valve 5, a control valve 7, and a controller 50.
- the engine 100 is controlled by the ECU 32 described below, and rotates by receiving a predetermined injection amount of fuel.
- the first pump 2A and the second pump 2B are connected to the output shaft of the engine 100, and rotate by receiving the driving force of the engine 100.
- Each pump is a hydraulic pump, and discharges hydraulic oil to operate the boom cylinder 21S, the arm cylinder 22S, and the bucket cylinder 23S.
- the boom cylinder 21S described above expands and contracts to raise (move) the boom 21 by receiving hydraulic oil discharged by the first pump 2A.
- the boom cylinder 21S has a cylinder body and a cylinder rod that includes a piston portion that divides the cylinder body into a head chamber and a rod chamber and is movable relative to the cylinder body.
- the tip of the cylinder rod is connected to the boom 21 via a link mechanism (not shown).
- the boom cylinder 21S can extend to raise the boom 21 (boom-up operation) by receiving hydraulic oil discharged by the first pump 2A into the head chamber via the control valve 7 and discharging hydraulic oil from the rod chamber, while it can contract to lower the boom 21 (boom-down operation) by receiving hydraulic oil discharged by the first pump 2A into the rod chamber via the control valve 7 and discharging hydraulic oil from the head chamber.
- the arm cylinder 22S and bucket cylinder 23S also have a structure similar to that of the boom cylinder 21S.
- the operation unit 4 includes a lever operated by the operator, and accepts manual operations to move the boom 21, arm 22, and bucket 23 of the work attachment 20. That is, the operation unit 4 includes a boom operation unit, an arm operation unit, and a bucket operation unit. The operation direction and amount of each manual operation are variable. The operation unit 4 also accepts operations related to the rotation operation of the upper rotating body 12 and the traveling operation of the lower traveling body 10.
- the control valve 7 is disposed between each hydraulic pump and the boom cylinder 21S, and has a spool that moves to change (control) the flow rate and flow path of the hydraulic oil supplied from each hydraulic pump to the boom cylinder 21S. Specifically, the control valve 7 mainly operates to supply hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump to the boom cylinder 21S and to discharge hydraulic oil discharged from the boom cylinder 21S to a tank (not shown) when the boom 21 performs boom-raising and boom-lowering operations.
- the control valve 7 consists of a pilot-operated three-position directional control valve having a pair of pilot ports.
- control valve 7 When pilot pressure is not input to either of the pair of pilot ports, the control valve 7 is kept in a neutral position, blocking communication between the hydraulic pump and the boom cylinder 21S.
- the control valve 7 When boom lowering pilot pressure is input to one pilot port, the control valve 7 is switched from the neutral position to the boom lowering position with a stroke corresponding to the magnitude of the boom lowering pilot pressure. As a result, the control valve 7 opens to allow hydraulic oil to be supplied from the hydraulic pump to the rod chamber of the boom cylinder 21S at a flow rate corresponding to the stroke, and to allow hydraulic oil to be discharged from the head chamber of the boom cylinder 21S. As a result, the boom cylinder 21S is driven in the boom lowering direction at a speed corresponding to the boom lowering pilot pressure.
- the control valve 7 When boom-raising pilot pressure is input to another pilot port, the control valve 7 is switched from the neutral position to the boom-raising position with a stroke corresponding to the magnitude of that boom-raising pilot pressure. This causes the control valve 7 to open to allow hydraulic oil to be supplied from the hydraulic pump to the head chamber of the boom cylinder 21S at a flow rate corresponding to the stroke, and to allow hydraulic oil to be discharged from the rod chamber of the boom cylinder 21S. This causes the boom cylinder 21S to be driven in the boom-raising direction at a speed corresponding to the boom-raising pilot pressure.
- a control valve 7 that performs the same operation as described above is disposed between each hydraulic pump and the arm cylinder 22S and bucket cylinder 23S.
- the control valve 7 corresponding to the arm cylinder 22S can be switched between the arm push position, neutral position, and arm pull position.
- the solenoid proportional valve 5 opens so that pilot pressure (secondary pressure) corresponding to the operation input to the operation unit 4 acts on each pilot port of the control valve 7 by pilot oil supplied from the pilot pressure oil hydraulic pump 3.
- the opening of the solenoid proportional valve 5 is adjusted by a proportional signal input from the controller 50.
- a remote control valve (not shown) that opens according to the angle of the lever of the operation unit 4 may transmit pressure to the control valve 7 as secondary pressure.
- a proportional valve is provided between the lever and the control valve 7, and the secondary pressure is adjusted by the proportional valve before it reaches the control valve 7.
- the boom cylinder 21S, arm cylinder 22S, and bucket cylinder 23S extend and retract by receiving hydraulic oil from pumps 2A and 2B according to the amount of operation, which is the magnitude of the operation received by the operating unit 4.
- the boom cylinder 21S, arm cylinder 22S, and bucket cylinder 23S are supplied with hydraulic oil from pumps 2A and 2B through a control valve 7 that switches the direction of the oil supply.
- the hydraulic circuit for moving the work attachment 20 and the engine 100 are collectively defined as the drive unit 30.
- the controller 50 inputs a command signal to the drive unit 30 according to the amount of operation.
- the controller 50 controls the drive of the work attachment 20 by controlling the hydraulic system shown in FIG. 2.
- the drive unit 30 has the function of moving each member of the work attachment 20 at a speed according to a command signal (proportional signal) input to the solenoid proportional valve 5 to move the work attachment 20.
- the controller 50 measures or calculates the speed of the combined center of gravity of the boom 21, arm 22, and bucket 23 that make up the work attachment 20, and determines (adjusts) the command signal for the electromagnetic proportional valve 5, which is part of the drive unit 30, using feedback control so that the speed follows a predetermined target value (satisfies the target speed condition).
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control system of the hydraulic excavator 1.
- the controller 50 is mounted, for example, in the cab on the upper rotating body 12, and controls the overall operation of the hydraulic excavator 1.
- the controller 50 is equipped with a computer, and each function is implemented by the computer executing a program.
- the computer is equipped with a processor that operates according to the program as the main hardware configuration.
- the processor may be of any type as long as it can realize a function by executing a program, and may be configured with one or more electronic circuits including, for example, a semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) or an LSI (Large Scale Integration).
- the multiple electronic circuits may be integrated into one chip, or may be provided on multiple chips.
- the multiple chips may be integrated into one device, or may be provided on multiple devices.
- the program is recorded on a non-transitory recording medium such as a computer-readable ROM, optical disk, or hard disk drive.
- the program may be stored in the recording medium in advance, or may be supplied to the recording medium via a wide area communication network including the Internet. Details of the functions realized by the controller 50 will be described later.
- the controller 50 is connected to the operation unit 4, input unit 6, attitude detection unit 31, ECU (Engine Control Unit) 32, IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) 33, display unit 34, and the solenoid proportional valve 5 so as to be capable of transmitting and receiving signals.
- the input unit 6 is provided inside the cab 13, and accepts input of information necessary for the control executed by the controller 50.
- the input unit 6 includes a mode setting input unit 6a.
- the mode setting input unit 6a includes a switch that can be manually operated by the operator, and is configured so that the current operation mode can be set to either a normal operation mode or a hardness estimation mode for estimating the hardness of the ground by operating the switch.
- the mode setting input unit 6a transmits the set mode information to the controller 50.
- the posture detection unit 31 detects information related to the posture of the work attachment 20. More specifically, the posture detection unit 31 acquires information on the relative posture of the work attachment 20 with respect to the upper rotating body 12.
- the posture detection unit 31 includes three sensors attached to the boom cylinder 21S, arm cylinder 22S, and bucket cylinder 23S, respectively, and detects the stroke (extension amount, length) of each cylinder.
- the stroke of each cylinder detected by each sensor is used to calculate the position and posture of the boom 21, arm 22, and bucket 23, and is further used to calculate the position and speed Vg (see FIG. 2) of the composite center of gravity g of the work attachment 20.
- angle sensors that detect the rotation angles of the boom 21, arm 22, and bucket 23 may be used instead of cylinder stroke sensors.
- the ECU 32 receives a rotation speed command signal from the controller 50 and controls the engine 100 to rotate with a fuel injection amount according to the rotation speed command signal.
- the IMU 33 detects information regarding the attitude of the upper rotating body 12 with respect to the ground G. In other words, the IMU 33 detects the attitude angle (tilt) of the machine body 1S of the hydraulic excavator 1. As an example, the IMU 33 is mounted on the top surface of the cab 13.
- the display unit 34 is a liquid crystal display provided inside the cab 13, and displays various information such as the operating status of the hydraulic excavator 1 and the hardness of the ground estimated in the hardness estimation mode, to inform the operator.
- the controller 50 is composed of a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores a control program, a RAM (Random Access Memory) used as a working area for the CPU, and the like.
- the controller 50 has an attachment control unit 501, a weight detection unit 502, a hardness estimation unit 503, a memory unit 504, and a communication unit 505.
- the attachment control unit 501, the weight detection unit 502, and the hardness estimation unit 503 are functional units that are realized by the CPU executing the control program
- the memory unit 504 is a functional unit that is realized by a non-transitory recording medium such as a ROM or a hard disk
- the communication unit 505 is a functional unit that is realized by a wireless communication device having, for example, a wireless LAN chip. All or part of the controller 50 is not limited to being provided within the hydraulic excavator 1, and may be located at a location different from the hydraulic excavator 1 when the hydraulic excavator 1 is remotely controlled.
- control program may be transmitted from a remote server (which may be the server 35 described later) or cloud to the controller 50 in the hydraulic excavator 1 and executed there, or the control program may be executed on the server or cloud, and various command signals generated may be transmitted to the hydraulic excavator 1.
- a remote server which may be the server 35 described later
- control program may be executed on the server or cloud, and various command signals generated may be transmitted to the hydraulic excavator 1.
- the attachment control unit 501 calculates the combined center of gravity velocity Vg of the work attachment 20 based on information from the attitude detection unit 31, and performs feedback control to adjust the boom input to the electromagnetic proportional valve 5 so that the calculated combined center of gravity velocity Vg follows (approaches) the target center of gravity velocity r.
- the attachment control unit 501 functions as the speed state detection unit and control unit of the present invention.
- the base end of the rotation of the boom 21 of the work attachment 20 is set as the origin 0, the Y coordinate is taken in the vertical direction, and the X coordinate is taken in the horizontal direction.
- the mass of the boom 21 is defined as m1, the coordinates of the center of gravity g1 of the boom 21 as (x1(t), y1(t)), the mass of the arm 22 as m2, the coordinates of the center of gravity g2 of the arm 22 as (x2(t), y2(t)), the mass of the bucket 23 as m3, and the coordinates of the center of gravity g3 of the bucket 23 as (x3(t), y3(t)).
- each coordinate changes as the work attachment 20 operates, and is therefore expressed as a variable of time t.
- the coordinates (xg(t), yg(t)) of the combined center of gravity g of the work attachment 20 can be expressed by the following equation 1.
- the attachment control unit 501 adjusts the input u(t) of the boom operation during a specified excavation operation so that the resultant center-of-gravity velocity Vg(t) follows the target center-of-gravity velocity r(t).
- the input u(t) corresponds to a proportional signal input to the electromagnetic proportional valve 5, and is expressed by the following equation 3.
- a PID (Proportional Integral Differential) control law can be used as the adjustment law for the input u(t).
- uh(t) is expressed as where uc(t) is the amount of boom operation by the operator, and uc(t) is the amount of boom operation set by the attachment control unit 501 of the controller 50.
- Kp1 is the proportional gain
- Ki1 is the integral gain
- Kd1 is the differential gain
- the input uc(t) i.e., the boom operation amount
- Figures 4A to 4C are explanatory diagrams for explaining this predetermined excavation operation, with Figure 4A showing the state in which the work attachment 20 is in the excavation start posture, Figure 4B showing the state in which the bucket 23 of the work attachment 20 is excavating soil and sand from the ground, and Figure 4C showing the state in which the work attachment 20 is in the excavation completion posture.
- the excavation start posture is, for example, the maximum reach posture (boom cylinder 21S and arm cylinder 22S are fully extended) in which the horizontal length of boom 21 and arm 22 is the longest, and the ground angle of bucket 23 (angle between tip 23b (claw) of bucket 23 and ground G) is, for example, 70° to 120° (see FIG. 4A).
- the tilt angle of boom 21 increases and arm 22 rotates to approach boom 21, and bucket 23 rotates counterclockwise in the figure with base end 23a as a fulcrum (see FIG. 4B).
- tip 23b of bucket 23 penetrates (penetrates) into the ground, while the entire bucket 23 rotates with base end 23a as a fulcrum, and the soil that constitutes the ground excavated by tip 23b of bucket 23 is guided into bucket 23.
- the operation of the boom 21 is controlled by the controller 50 so that the speed Vg of the combined center of gravity g of the work attachment 20 is maintained at the target center of gravity speed r (see the black arrow in FIG. 4B).
- the bucket 23 rotates and its tip 23b breaks through the ground, it transitions to an excavation completion posture (see FIG. 4C).
- the opening of the bucket 23 faces upward, and the excavated soil E is held in the bucket 23.
- the weight detection unit 502 detects (calculates) the weight of the soil held in the bucket 23 based on the detection information from the attitude detection unit 31.
- This "weight” includes both the meaning of “mass” and the meaning of "load”, and can have either meaning.
- the weight detection unit 502 may detect the mass of the soil, or may detect the load. Note that in the (Equation 6) described later in this embodiment, the mass of the soil is calculated as an example.
- the weight detection unit 502 calculates the weight of the soil from the balance equation of the moment about the rotation fulcrum S at the base end of the boom 21, based on pre-stored dimensional information and weight information of the work attachment 20, the load on the boom cylinder 21S measured by a sensor (not shown, for example a load cell or pressure sensor), and the attitude of the work attachment 20 detected by the attitude detection unit 31.
- Figure 5 is a diagram showing the dimensional information used in this moment balance equation, with L1 being the horizontal distance between the combined center of gravity g of the work attachment 20 in the excavation completion attitude and the rotation fulcrum S, L2 being the horizontal distance between the center of gravity position of the soil (assumed to be the central position between the front and rear of the bucket 23) and the rotation fulcrum S, and L3 being the distance between the axis of the boom cylinder 21S and the rotation fulcrum S.
- the weight of the work attachment 20 (here, as an example, the cylinder weight is not included because it can be ignored)
- F2 the weight of the soil E held in the bucket 23
- X the weight of the soil X (kg) is expressed based on the balance of the moments by the following equation 6.
- the weight detection unit 502 calculates the weight of the soil held in the bucket 23 (in this example, the mass) by performing a calculation based on this equation 6.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 estimates the hardness of the ground based on the weight of the soil E on the bucket 23 detected by the weight detection unit 502 and the hardness correspondence data D (see Figure 6 described later) that associates the weight of the soil E with the hardness of the ground.
- the memory unit 504 stores parameters and thresholds required for various processes executed by the controller 50.
- the memory unit 504 also stores hardness correspondence data D that associates the weight of soil E excavated and held by the bucket 23 when a predetermined excavation operation is performed by the work attachment 20 with the hardness of the ground.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of hardness correspondence data D.
- this hardness correspondence data D the relationship between the weight of the soil E held in the bucket 23 and the hardness of the ground is defined by a linear first-order approximation line I.
- the hardness correspondence data D is graph data with the weight of the soil E held in the bucket 23 on the horizontal axis and the hardness of the ground on the vertical axis, but the data format is not limited to this and may be, for example, table data.
- the hardness correspondence data D can also be said to be data that defines the change in weight of the soil E due to differences in ground hardness.
- the hardness of the ground on the vertical axis can be expressed, for example, by the penetration resistance value obtained by a penetration test using a cone penetrometer, or the N value measured by a sounding test, but is not limited to these.
- it can be expressed by the shear strength obtained by a shear strength test, or by a hardness level divided into stages as described in other embodiments below.
- This hardness correspondence data D is created, for example, based on an excavation test conducted by the manufacturer before the hydraulic excavator 1 is shipped to the market.
- this excavation test for example, the above-mentioned predetermined excavation operation is performed by the working attachment 20 on multiple types of ground with different hardness. At this time, it is preferable that the ground on which the hydraulic excavator 1 is placed is level and not inclined.
- the weight detection unit 502 detects the weight of the soil E excavated and held by the bucket 23.
- multiple data points P1 to P3 that correspond to the detected soil E weight and ground hardness are plotted on a coordinate plane, and an approximation method such as the least squares method is used to calculate an approximation line I that best fits these multiple data points P1 to 3, thereby obtaining the hardness correspondence data D shown in FIG. 6.
- the data points are based on three data points P1 to P3, but the number is not limited to three and can be two or more.
- the approximation of the data points does not necessarily have to be a straight line, and can be a quadratic or higher order approximation curve.
- the communication unit 505 transmits the information on the hardness of the ground estimated by the hardness estimation unit 503 to the server 35 (an example of a management device).
- the information on the hardness of the ground transmitted to the server 35 can be viewed, for example, from other external terminals (e.g., personal computers, smartphones, etc.) that are configured to be able to communicate with the server 35, and is used for reviewing the construction plan, managing the construction history, etc.
- the above-mentioned hardness correspondence data D shows that when the ground is hard, the weight of soil E excavated and held by the bucket 23 is small, and when the ground is soft, the weight of soil E excavated and held by the bucket 23 is large.
- Figures 7A and 7B are schematic diagrams showing, with dashed lines, the excavation path of the bucket 23 when a specified excavation operation is performed by the work attachment 20.
- the depth A from the ground of the excavation path (path shown by the dashed line) by the bucket 23 is shallower than the predetermined excavation operation for soft soil in FIG. 7A. That is, as in this embodiment, when excavation is performed by keeping the composite center of gravity velocity Vg of the work attachment 20 constant regardless of the hardness of the ground (when performing a predetermined excavation operation that satisfies the target speed condition), the excavation resistance acting on the bucket 23 is higher in hard soil than in soft soil, so the speed of the arm 22 decreases early.
- the boom 21 is rotated clockwise in the figure to pull the tip of the boom 21 upward (see the black arrow in FIG. 4B above). This reduces the excavation resistance acting on the bucket 23, and the composite center of gravity velocity Vg follows the target center of gravity velocity r, but at this time, the excavation trajectory of the bucket 23 shifts upward overall.
- the excavation depth A by the bucket 23 is shallower than in soft soil, and the excavation distance B in the front-to-back direction (left-to-right direction in Figures 7A and 7B) is shorter, so the weight of the soil E held by the bucket 23 also decreases (see Figure 7B).
- the weight of the soil E held in the bucket 23 changes after the excavation operation is completed. This is noticed, and the hardness of the ground is estimated based on the above-mentioned hardness correspondence data D that associates the weight of the soil E with the hardness of the ground.
- the inventors have come to the conclusion that, from the standpoint of improving estimation accuracy, when estimating the hardness of the ground based on the weight of the soil E held in the bucket 23 in this way, it is preferable for the weight of the soil held in the bucket 23 to be clearly different between when hard ground is excavated and when soft ground is excavated, and they have devised a way to set the target center of gravity velocity r to make this possible.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the procedure for setting the target center of gravity velocity r.
- a ground corresponding to the softest hardness h1 (an example of a predetermined hardness) in the hardness range (h1 to h2 range in FIG. 6) specified in the hardness correspondence data D is prepared, and the target center of gravity velocity r is changed to multiple stages (three stages of high speed, medium speed, and low speed in the example of FIG. 8) for the ground, and a predetermined excavation operation is performed by the work attachment 20 for each target center of gravity velocity.
- h1 an example of a predetermined hardness
- the dashed lines K1, K2, and K3 show the excavation trajectory of the bucket 23 when the target center of gravity velocity r is high speed, medium speed, and low speed, respectively.
- the excavation trajectory of the bucket 23 changes for each target center of gravity velocity r. Specifically, in the example of FIG.
- the "amount corresponding to the maximum load” is not limited to the case where the amount of soil excavated is exactly the same as the maximum load, and may include an error above and below.
- a target center of gravity speed r is found such that the amount of soil excavated by the bucket 23 corresponds to the maximum load, and this target center of gravity speed r is set as the target center of gravity speed r of the work attachment 20 when the hardness estimation mode is set.
- the target center of gravity velocity r thus set is stored in the memory unit 504 and used as the target center of gravity velocity r of the work attachment 20 described above.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the hardness estimation process executed by the controller 50.
- step SA1 the hardness estimation unit 503 determines whether or not the hardness estimation mode is set as the current operating mode of the hydraulic excavator 1 based on the mode setting information from the mode setting input unit 6a. If the hardness estimation unit 503 determines that the hardness estimation mode is not set (NO in step SA1), it returns, whereas if it determines that the hardness estimation mode is set (YES in step SA1), it proceeds to step SA2.
- step SA2 the hardness estimation unit 503 determines whether the work attachment 20 is in the excavation start posture (see FIG. 4A) based on the posture information of the work attachment 20 detected by the posture detection unit 31. If it is determined that the work attachment 20 is not in the excavation start posture (NO in step SA2), it is assumed that the operator has not performed an operation for the specified excavation operation, and so the process returns. On the other hand, if the hardness estimation unit 503 determines that the work attachment 20 is in the excavation start posture (YES in step SA2), it is assumed that the operator has started an operation for the specified excavation operation, and so the process proceeds to step SA3.
- step SA3 the hardness estimation unit 503 determines whether the work attachment 20 is in the excavation completion posture (see FIG. 4C) based on the posture information of the work attachment 20 detected by the posture detection unit 31. If it is determined that the posture of the work attachment 20 is not in the excavation completion posture (NO in step SA3), it is assumed that the work attachment 20 is in the middle of performing the specified excavation operation, and the determination process of this step SA3 is repeated until the specified excavation operation is completed. On the other hand, if it is determined that the work attachment 20 is in the excavation completion posture (YES in step SA3), it is assumed that the specified excavation operation has been completed, and the process proceeds to step SA4.
- step SA4 the weight detection unit 502 detects the weight of the soil E held in the bucket 23.
- step SA5 the hardness estimation unit 503 judges whether the predetermined excavation operation by the work attachment 20 has been performed correctly. That is, for example, if the work attachment 20 is displaced without satisfying the target speed condition due to an operator's operation error, the weight of the soil E excavated and held by the bucket 23 (i.e., the weight of the soil E detected in step SA4) may not satisfy the expected weight range of the soil E (for example, the range of the minimum soil weight w1 to the maximum soil weight w2 of the hardness correspondence data D (see FIG. 6)). In such a case, it is judged that the predetermined excavation operation has not been performed correctly.
- An example of an incorrect predetermined excavation operation is an empty excavation state in which the bucket 23 rotates in the air.
- the judgment of whether the predetermined excavation operation has been performed correctly does not necessarily have to be based on the weight of the soil E held in the bucket 23, and may be based on, for example, whether the time waveform of the cylinder load (for example, the load of the bucket cylinder 23S) after the start of the excavation operation deviates by a predetermined amount or more from a predetermined reference waveform. Then, in the judgment process of step SA5, if the hardness estimation unit 503 determines that the specified excavation operation by the work attachment 20 was not performed correctly, the process returns, whereas if the hardness estimation unit 503 determines that the specified excavation operation was performed correctly, the process proceeds to step SA6.
- the time waveform of the cylinder load for example, the load of the bucket cylinder 23S
- step SA6 the hardness of the ground is estimated based on the weight of the soil E on the bucket 23 detected by the weight detection unit 502 in step SA4 and the hardness correspondence data D (see FIG. 6) stored in the memory unit 504.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 substitutes the weight w3 into the approximation equation representing the approximation line I of the hardness correspondence data D to calculate (estimate) the hardness of the ground as h3.
- the hydraulic excavator 1 is equipped with a weight detection unit 502 capable of detecting the weight of the soil E held in the bucket 23, and a hardness estimation unit 503 for estimating the hardness of the ground, and when estimating the hardness of the ground, the hardness estimation unit 503 is configured to estimate the hardness of the ground based on the weight of the soil E detected by the weight detection unit 502 and hardness correspondence data D that specifies the change in the weight of the soil E due to differences in ground hardness after a predetermined excavation operation is performed in which the work attachment 20 changes its posture from the excavation start posture to an excavation completion posture capable of holding the soil E after excavation while satisfying a target speed condition.
- This configuration reduces the risk of misjudgment and improves the accuracy of ground estimation compared to the conventional method of determining the characteristics of the sensor's detection waveform through complex calculation processing.
- This configuration also makes it possible to estimate the ground hardness with high resolution by using an approximate straight line I to match the soil weight specified in the hardness correspondence data D with the ground hardness.
- this configuration makes it possible to incorporate the specified excavation operation into the normal excavation work performed by the work attachment 20 and estimate the ground hardness using the hardness estimation unit 503, eliminating the need for a dedicated operation just for estimating the ground hardness and allowing the work attachment 20 to perform excavation work efficiently.
- the work attachment 20 is caused to perform a predetermined excavation operation so that the combined center of gravity velocity Vg of the boom 21, arm 22, and bucket 23 is constant, thereby making it possible to stably (evenly) excavate the ground with the bucket 23.
- This ensures the reproducibility of the weight of soil held in the bucket 23 after the predetermined excavation operation (the reproducibility of the weight of soil when an excavation operation is performed under the same speed conditions on ground of the same hardness), thereby improving the accuracy of the estimation of ground hardness by the hardness estimation unit 503.
- the controller 50 is configured to calculate (detect) the combined center-of-gravity velocity Vg of the boom 21, arm 22, and bucket 23 that constitute the work attachment 20, determine a command signal to the drive unit 30 (more specifically, the electromagnetic proportional valve 5 of the drive unit 30) so that the velocity Vg follows the target center-of-gravity velocity r (satisfies the target velocity condition), and transmit the determined command signal to the drive unit 30.
- This configuration makes it possible to prevent the composite center-of-gravity velocity Vg of the work attachment 20 from deviating from the target center-of-gravity velocity r due to variations in the operator's manual operation, thereby stabilizing the operation of the work attachment 20.
- the target center of gravity speed r (an example of a target speed condition) of the work attachment 20 is set so that when the softest ground (an example of a specified hardness) defined in the hardness correspondence data D is excavated by the specified excavation operation of the work attachment 20, the amount of soil excavated by the bucket 23 corresponds to the maximum load that can be held by the bucket 23.
- the weight of soil E held in the bucket 23 by the specified excavation operation of the work attachment 20 can be made to differ significantly depending on whether the ground is soft or hard, thereby improving the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation unit 503 in estimating the ground hardness.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 is configured to determine whether the specified excavation operation has been performed correctly, and not to execute the ground hardness estimation process if it is determined that the specified excavation operation has not been performed correctly.
- the hydraulic excavator 1 has a communication unit 505, which is configured to receive information on the hardness of the ground estimated by the hardness estimation unit 503 and transmit the received hardness information to a server 35 provided at a location away from the hydraulic excavator 1.
- the information on the hardness of the ground sent from the communication unit 505 to the server 35 can be used to review the construction plan, manage the construction history, etc.
- Fig. 10 is a view equivalent to Fig. 3 and shows a modified example of the first embodiment.
- This modified example differs from the first embodiment in that the controller 50 further includes a deviation calculation unit 506, and the deviation between the resultant center-of-gravity velocity Vg of the work attachment 20 and the target center-of-gravity velocity r calculated by the deviation calculation unit 506 is displayed on the display unit 34.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the deviation calculation unit 506 acquires the composite center of gravity velocity Vg of the work attachment 20 from the work attachment control unit 501 while the work attachment 20 is performing a specified excavation operation, and calculates the deviation between the acquired composite center of gravity velocity Vg and the target center of gravity velocity r.
- the deviation may be, for example, the value of the differential speed between the composite center of gravity velocity Vg and the target center of gravity velocity r, or the level of magnitude of the composite center of gravity velocity Vg based on the target center of gravity velocity.
- the deviation calculation unit 506 adopts the latter, and calculates the level of magnitude of the composite center of gravity velocity based on the target velocity as the deviation.
- the deviation calculation unit 506 visually notifies the operator of the deviation by displaying a notification screen 34a on the display unit 34 to notify information related to the calculated deviation.
- the display unit 34 functions as a notification unit.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the notification screen 34a displayed on the display unit 34.
- This notification screen 34a displays a deviation display meter 34b and an operation message area 34c.
- the deviation display meter 34b is a vertically long rectangular level meter, and is divided into an area above and an area below a reference line 34d that corresponds to the target center of gravity speed.
- the area above the reference line 34d on the deviation display meter 34b means that the combined center of gravity speed Vg of the work attachment 20 is faster than the target center of gravity speed r, and the higher the area, the faster the combined center of gravity speed Vg (i.e., the greater the deviation from the target center of gravity speed r).
- the area below the reference line 34d on the deviation display meter 34b means that the combined center of gravity speed Vg of the work attachment 20 is slower than the target center of gravity speed r, and the lower the area, the slower the combined center of gravity speed Vg (i.e., the greater the deviation from the target center of gravity speed r).
- a triangular indication mark 34e is displayed on the right side of the deviation display meter 34b, and the apex of this indication mark 34e indicates the level of the current resultant center of gravity velocity Vg, thereby notifying the operator of the deviation between the current resultant center of gravity velocity Vg and the target center of gravity velocity r.
- the operation message area 34c is an area for notifying the operator in the form of a message of the operation required to reduce the deviation between the composite center of gravity velocity Vg of the work attachment 20 and the target center of gravity velocity r (to bring the composite center of gravity velocity closer to the target center of gravity velocity).
- the instruction message "Please excavate using only the arm and bucket” and the instruction message “Please raise the boom” are displayed in two rows, one above the other, in the operation message area 34c.
- Check boxes 34f and 34g are displayed to the left of each message, and of the two check boxes 34f and 34g, the check box that corresponds to the operation required of the operator is displayed as a black circle.
- the instruction mark 34e points to the area below the reference line 34d on the deviation display meter 34b, and therefore it can be seen that the resultant center of gravity velocity Vg of the work attachment 20 is below the target center of gravity velocity r.
- the resultant center of gravity velocity Vg is below the target center of gravity velocity r in this way, as mentioned in the explanation of FIGS. 7A and 7B above, it is necessary to raise the boom 21 (increase the tilt angle) to bring the resultant center of gravity velocity Vg closer to the target center of gravity velocity r. Therefore, in the operation message area 34c of the notification screen 34a, a check box 34g corresponding to the instruction message "Raise the boom" is displayed as a black circle. Therefore, when the operator sees that this check box 34g is displayed as a black circle (checked), he or she can recognize that an operation to raise the boom 21 is required.
- the hydraulic excavator 1 includes a work attachment control unit 501 that detects the resultant center of gravity velocity Vg (an example of a speed state) while the work attachment 20 is performing a predetermined excavation operation, a deviation calculation unit 506 that calculates information relating to the deviation between the resultant center of gravity velocity Vg detected by the work attachment control unit 501 and the target center of gravity velocity r, and a display unit 34 (an example of a notification unit) that displays the information relating to the deviation calculated by the deviation calculation unit 506.
- a notification screen 34a including the information relating to the deviation is displayed on the display unit 34.
- the operator can view the notification screen 34a displayed on the display unit 34 while the work attachment 20 is performing a predetermined excavation operation and recognize the degree to which the combined center of gravity velocity Vg of the work attachment 20 deviates from the target center of gravity velocity r. Based on this recognition, the operator can correct his/her own manual operation so that the combined center of gravity velocity Vg of the work attachment 20 becomes the target center of gravity velocity r. This prevents the combined center of gravity velocity Vg of the work attachment 20 from varying due to the operator's manual operation. This in turn improves the reproducibility of the weight of the soil E excavated and held in the bucket 23 by the work attachment 20 performing a predetermined excavation operation, thereby further improving the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation by the hardness estimation unit 503.
- the notification unit is configured as a display unit 34 that visually notifies the operator of information related to the deviation calculated by the deviation calculation unit 506, but is not limited to this.
- the notification unit may be configured to audibly notify the operator of the information related to the deviation using a speaker or the like.
- Second Embodiment Fig. 12 is a diagram showing a second embodiment, which corresponds to Fig. 3.
- the controller 50 further includes an excavation time detection unit 507, and differs from the first embodiment in that a process for estimating ground hardness based on the weight of soil E detected by the weight detection unit 502 and a process for estimating ground hardness based on the excavation time detected by the excavation time detection unit 507 are used in combination.
- the digging time detection unit 507 detects the time required for the work attachment 20 to perform the specified digging operation (i.e. the time from the start of the digging operation from the digging start posture until the digging completion posture is reached). As an example, the digging time detection unit 507 detects the time required for the specified digging operation based on the change in cylinder load over time.
- This cylinder load can be any of the load on the boom cylinder 21S, the load on the arm cylinder 22S, and the load on the bucket cylinder 23S. In this embodiment, for example, the load on the arm cylinder 22S is detected as the cylinder load.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of the change over time in the cylinder load (the load on the arm cylinder 22S in this embodiment) associated with the execution of a specified excavation operation by the work attachment 20.
- the tip 23b of the bucket 23 comes into contact with the ground G as the work attachment 20 assumes its excavation start posture, causing the cylinder load of the arm cylinder 22S to rise in a jump to U1.
- the excavation resistance acting on the bucket 23 gradually increases as the bucket 23 rotates about the base end 23a as a fulcrum, causing the cylinder load to gradually increase from U1 to U2.
- the entire bucket 23 moves above the ground G and the work attachment 20 assumes its excavation completion posture, at the same time that the cylinder load drops in a jump to U3, after which it is maintained constant at a cylinder load that balances the weight of the soil E held in the bucket 23.
- a sensor e.g., a load cell or a pressure sensor
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an example of a hardness estimation process executed by the controller 50 in the second embodiment.
- step SB1 to step SB5 is the same as the processing from step SA1 to step SA5 in the first embodiment, but the processing from step SB6 onwards differs from the first embodiment. Below, only the processing from step SB6 onwards will be explained, and an explanation of the previous steps SB1 to SB5 will be omitted.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 determines whether the weight of the soil E in the bucket 23 detected by the weight detection unit 502 in the processing of step SB4 is less than a predetermined weight.
- the predetermined weight is, for example, a weight corresponding to the maximum load of soil E in the bucket 23 (a piled-up state in which soil would spill outside the bucket 23 if more soil was loaded), and in this embodiment, it corresponds to, for example, the maximum soil weight w2 specified in the hardness correspondence data D.
- step SB6 If the hardness estimation unit 503 determines that the weight of the soil E in the bucket 23 detected by the weight detection unit 502 is less than the predetermined weight (YES in step SB6), the process proceeds to step SB7, where the hardness estimation unit 503 estimates the hardness of the ground based on the weight of the soil E detected by the weight detection unit 502 and the hardness correspondence data D (step SB7), as in the first embodiment, and then returns.
- step SB6 determines that the weight of the soil E in the bucket 23 detected by the weight detection unit 502 is equal to or greater than the predetermined weight (NO in step SB6)
- the process proceeds to step SB8, where the excavation time detection unit 507 detects the excavation time required for the work attachment 20 to perform the specified excavation operation, and after this detection, the process proceeds to step SB9, where the hardness estimation unit 503 estimates the hardness of the ground based on the excavation time detected by the excavation time detection unit 507.
- the ground hardness H can be estimated by the following equation 7.
- the Tmax may be measured during an excavation test when creating the hardness correspondence data D, and may be stored in the storage unit 504.
- the hydraulic excavator 1 further includes an excavation time detection unit 507 which detects the excavation time, which is the time required for a specified excavation operation of the work attachment 20, and the hardness estimation unit 503 is configured to, when estimating the hardness of the ground, determine whether or not the weight of the soil E detected by the weight detection unit 502 is equal to or greater than the specified weight after the specified excavation operation is performed by the work attachment 20, and if it is determined that the weight is equal to or greater than the specified weight, estimate the hardness of the ground based on the excavation time detected by the excavation time detection unit 507.
- the ground hardness estimation process is performed based on the excavation time required for the specified excavation operation.
- the excavation time required for this specified excavation operation is not limited by an upper limit like the weight of soil held by the bucket 23, and the softer the ground is, the longer the excavation time becomes. Therefore, if the ground is too soft, the estimation accuracy can be improved by having the hardness estimation unit 503 perform a ground hardness estimation process based on the excavation time.
- Third Embodiment Fig. 15 is a view showing a third embodiment, which corresponds to Fig. 3. This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the hardness estimation unit 503 estimates the hardness of the ground based on the weight of soil held in the bucket 23 by a predetermined excavation operation and the operation data J of the work attachment 20 during the excavation operation acquired by the operation data acquisition unit 508.
- the controller 50 further includes an operation data acquisition unit 508.
- the controller 50 is connected to the cylinder load detection unit 36 so as to be able to send and receive signals.
- the cylinder load detection unit 36 includes, as an example, a differential pressure sensor attached to the boom cylinder 21S.
- the differential pressure sensor detects the pressure difference between the pressure in the rod chamber and the pressure in the cylinder chamber of the boom cylinder 21S as the cylinder load.
- the cylinder load detection unit 36 transmits information on the detected cylinder load to the controller 50.
- the cylinder load is not limited to the pressure difference between the rod chamber and the cylinder chamber, but may be the pressure in the rod chamber or the pressure in the cylinder chamber.
- the target cylinder is not limited to the boom cylinder 21S, but may be the arm cylinder 22S, bucket cylinder 23S, etc.
- the operation data acquisition unit 508 acquires operation data J including operation parameters related to the operating state of the work attachment 20 and correlated with the hardness of the ground that is the subject of the excavation operation, and numerical values related to the operation parameters, and stores the acquired operation data J in the memory unit 504.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of operation data J acquired by the operation data acquisition unit 508.
- the cylinder load, the center of gravity acceleration of the work attachment 20, and the excavation reaction force acting on the work attachment 20 are shown as examples of the operation parameters.
- the maximum cylinder load, the variance of the center of gravity acceleration of the work attachment 20, and the integral value of the excavation reaction force are shown as numerical values for each operation parameter.
- the operation parameters listed here are merely examples, and may include, for example, the center of gravity jerk of the work attachment 20 (time rate of change of center of gravity acceleration), the center of gravity acceleration of the arm 22, the center of gravity velocity of the arm 22, the center of gravity jerk of the arm 22, etc.
- the operation data acquisition unit 508 acquires the differential pressure between the rod chamber and cylinder chamber of the boom cylinder 21S as an example of the cylinder load. This cylinder load is detected by the cylinder load detection unit 36. During the excavation operation of the work attachment 20, the operation data acquisition unit 508 holds the maximum value of the differential pressure of the boom cylinder 21S received by the cylinder load detection unit 36 up to the current point in time, and updates the maximum value each time the differential pressure exceeds the current maximum value. In this way, the operation data acquisition unit 508 acquires the maximum cylinder load during the excavation operation of the work attachment 20.
- the operation data acquisition unit 508 acquires (calculates) the center of gravity acceleration of the work attachment 20 based on information from the attitude detection unit 31. Specifically, when the operator operates the operation unit 4 to cause the work attachment 20 to perform a specified excavation operation, the operation data acquisition unit 508 calculates the composite center of gravity velocity Vg of the work attachment 20 based on information from the attitude detection unit 31, and calculates the time rate of change of the composite center of gravity velocity Vg as the center of gravity acceleration. Then, during the excavation operation of the work attachment 20, the operation data acquisition unit 508 acquires the time history of the center of gravity acceleration up to the present time, and calculates the variance of the center of gravity acceleration based on the acquired time history. In this way, the operation data acquisition unit 508 acquires the variance of the center of gravity acceleration of the work attachment 20 during the excavation operation of the work attachment 20.
- the operation data acquisition unit 508 acquires (calculates) an integral value of the excavation reaction force acting on the bucket 23 while the work attachment 20 is performing a specified excavation operation.
- the excavation reaction force is the reaction force that the bucket 23 receives from the ground during excavation.
- the operation data acquisition unit 508 calculates the excavation reaction force at each time based on the loads on the three cylinders 21S to 23 detected by the cylinder load detection unit 36 and information related to the posture of the work attachment 20 detected by the posture detection unit 31, and calculates a value obtained by integrating the calculated excavation reaction force over the time from the start to the end of the specified excavation operation.
- a load detection sensor such as a load cell attached to the bucket 23 may be used to acquire the excavation reaction force.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 executes a first calculation process to calculate a soil weight-corresponding hardness H0 (corresponding to a first hardness) corresponding to the weight of soil held in the bucket 23 after the excavation operation, and a second calculation process to calculate three operating status-corresponding hardnesses H1, H2, and H3 (corresponding to a second hardness) corresponding to the numerical values of the three operating parameters in the operating data J acquired by the operating data acquisition unit 508 during the excavation operation.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 estimates the hardness of the ground based on the soil weight-corresponding hardness H0 and the three operating status-corresponding hardnesses H1, H2, and H3.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 stores the estimated hardness of the ground, outputs the average hardness of a predetermined number of estimates as the hardness of the ground, and displays it on the display unit 34.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing an example of the ground hardness estimation process executed by the hardness estimation unit 503 of this embodiment, and corresponds to FIG. 9 of embodiment 1.
- the same processing content as FIG. 9 of embodiment 1 will be omitted as appropriate.
- step SC1 the same process as in step SA1 in embodiment 1 is executed.
- step SC2 it is determined whether the work attachment 20 has actually started excavation from the excavation start posture (Fig. 4A). Whether the work attachment 20 is in the excavation start posture is estimated based on the posture information of the work attachment 20 detected by the posture detection unit 31, as in step SA2, and whether the work attachment 20 has actually started excavation from the excavation start posture is estimated based on an operation signal of an operating lever or the like input from the operation unit 4. If the determination in step SC2 is NO (i.e., if the work attachment 20 is in the excavation start posture, which is the initial posture, but excavation has not started, or if excavation by the work attachment 20 has started but the initial posture was not the excavation start posture), the process returns, whereas if the determination is YES, the process proceeds to step SC3.
- step SC3 the acquisition of the operation data J is started. Specifically, the acquisition of the maximum cylinder load described above, the variance of the center of gravity acceleration of the work attachment 20, and the integral value of the excavation reaction force acting on the work attachment 20 is started.
- step SC4 it is determined whether the specified excavation operation by the work attachment 20 has been completed, and if the determination is NO, the processing of step SC4 continues. On the other hand, if the determination is YES, the processing proceeds to step SC5.
- step SC5 the acquisition of the operational data J is terminated.
- steps SC6 and SC7 the same processing as in steps SA4 and SA5 in embodiment 1 is performed.
- step SC8 the first calculation process is executed to calculate a soil weight-corresponding hardness corresponding to the soil weight held in the bucket 23.
- this soil weight-corresponding hardness is calculated based on the weight of soil E in the bucket 23 detected by the weight detection unit 502 and the hardness correspondence data D shown in FIG. 6 (hereinafter referred to as the first hardness correspondence data D).
- step SC9 the second calculation process is executed to calculate the hardness corresponding to the operating state.
- This hardness corresponding to the operating state is calculated based on the maximum cylinder load, the variance of the center of gravity acceleration of the work attachment 20, and the integral of the excavation reaction force of the work attachment 20, which are included in the operating data J acquired by the operating data acquisition unit 508, and the second hardness correspondence data F1, F2, and F3 (see Figures 18A to 18C) previously stored in the memory unit 504.
- the second hardness correspondence data F1, F2, and F3 are data that associate numerical values related to the three operating parameters with ground hardness, and are previously acquired by experiments or the like and stored in the memory unit 504.
- the second hardness correspondence data F1, F2, and F3 are data that specify the change in operating data J due to differences in ground hardness.
- the maximum cylinder load indicated in the operation data J is X1
- the center of gravity acceleration of the work attachment 20 is X2
- the integral value of the excavation reaction force is X3. Therefore, based on the second stiffness correspondence data F1 to F3 shown in FIGS. 18A to 18C, the operating status corresponding stiffness corresponding to the maximum cylinder load X1 is calculated as H1
- the operating status corresponding stiffness corresponding to the center of gravity acceleration X2 of the work attachment 20 is calculated as H2
- the operating status corresponding stiffness corresponding to the excavation reaction force X3 is calculated as H3.
- FIG. 20 shows data indicating the results of obtaining the operating status corresponding stiffness, and the data is stored in the memory unit 504.
- step SC10 the hardness of the ground is estimated based on the weight-corresponding hardness H0 calculated in step SC8, the three operating status-corresponding hardnesses H1, H2, and H3 corresponding to each operating parameter calculated in step SC9, and the weighting coefficients W0, W1, W2, and W3 previously assigned to the soil weight and each operating parameter.
- Ih H0 * W0 + H1 * W1 + H2 * W2 + H3 * W3.
- Figure 19 shows weighting coefficient data M that specifies the weighting coefficients W0, W1, W2, and W3, and is stored in advance in the storage unit 504.
- the weighting coefficients W0, W1, W2, and W3 are set higher for operating parameters that have a greater influence on the estimation of ground hardness.
- the relationship W0 + W1 + W2 + W3 1 is satisfied.
- step SC11 the operational data J acquired in step SC3 is deleted, and the information on the ground hardness h1 estimated in step SC10 is output to the display unit 34, after which the process returns to step SC1. Then, the process from step SC1 to step SC11 is repeated.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 outputs the estimated ground hardness Ih to the display unit 34 each time the specified excavation operation is performed.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 stores the estimated ground hardness Ih each time the specified excavation operation is performed, and when the stored ground hardness Ih reaches a specified number of times (the specified number is 2 or more), it calculates the average value Iave of the stored ground hardness Ih for the specified number of times and outputs the calculated average value Iave to the display unit 34.
- FIG. 21 shows an example of the information display screen Q displayed on the display unit 34.
- This information display screen Q includes an operating mode display area q1 and a hardness information display area q2.
- the operation mode display area q1 consists of a mode display section q11 that displays whether or not the normal operation mode is currently set, and an assist information display section q12 that displays information related to the above-mentioned excavation assist control.
- the mode display section q11 displays a display mark as a white circle when the normal operation mode is set, and displays a display mark as a black circle when the hardness estimation mode is set.
- the assist information display section q12 displays a display mark as a black circle when the assist control is enabled, and displays a display mark as a white circle when the assist control is disabled.
- the hardness information display area q2 has a display section q21 that displays the most recent ground hardness Ih estimated by the hardness estimation unit 503, and a display section q22 that displays the average ground hardness Iave.
- An input box q23 is provided at the top right of the hardness information display area q2 for inputting the number of data items (the above-mentioned specified number of times) when performing the averaging process of the ground hardness calculated by the hardness estimation unit 503, and to the right of that is a display section q24 that displays the current acquisition and recovery of ground hardness (the number of times estimated by the hardness estimation unit 503).
- the hardness estimation unit 503 executes the ground hardness estimation process
- the hardness estimation unit 503 executes a first calculation process of calculating the hardness of the ground corresponding to the soil weight as a soil weight corresponding hardness H0 based on the soil weight detected by the weight detection unit 502 after the execution of the predetermined excavation operation by the work attachment 20 and the first hardness correspondence data D, and a second calculation process of calculating the hardness of the ground corresponding to the acquired operation data J as operation status corresponding hardness H1, H2, H3 based on the operation data J acquired by the operation data acquisition unit 508 during the predetermined excavation operation and the second hardness correspondence data F1, F2, F3 that specifies the change in the operation data J due to differences in ground hardness.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 is configured to estimate the hardness of the ground based on the soil weight corresponding hardness H0 calculated in the first calculation process and the second hardnesses H1, H2, H3 calculated in the second calculation process.
- the ground hardness is estimated based not only on the weight of soil E held in the bucket 23 by a specified excavation operation but also on the operating data J of the work attachment 20 during the excavation operation, thereby improving the accuracy of estimating the ground hardness.
- the weight of soil held in the bucket 23 by a specified excavation operation easily changes due to changes in the trajectory of the bucket 23 caused by the bucket 23 coming into contact with a foreign object during the excavation operation, roughness of the terrain, etc. For this reason, if the ground hardness is estimated based only on the weight of soil held in the bucket 23, there is a risk that the accuracy of estimating the ground hardness will decrease due to variations in the weight of soil held in the bucket 23.
- the ground hardness estimation process is performed based on the soil weight-corresponding hardness H0, which is based on the soil weight held in the bucket 23 after the specified excavation operation, and the operating status-corresponding hardness, which is based on the operating parameters of the work attachment 20 during the specified excavation operation. This makes it possible to improve the estimation accuracy as much as possible compared to estimating the ground hardness based only on the soil weight.
- the operating data J is data that includes numerical values related to operating parameters that are related to the operating state of the work attachment 20 during an excavation operation and that are correlated with the hardness of the ground that is the subject of the excavation operation.
- the operating parameters consist of three items: the cylinder load of the work attachment 20, the center of gravity acceleration of the work attachment 20, and the excavation reaction force acting on the work attachment 20, and the maximum value, variance value, and integral value are obtained as numerical values related to each of these.
- the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation by the hardness estimation unit 503 can be improved. That is, the harder the ground, the greater the cylinder load of the work attachment 20. Furthermore, the harder the ground, the greater the vibration of the work attachment 20 during the excavation operation, and the acceleration of the center of gravity of the work attachment 20 also changes in a vibrational manner. Furthermore, the harder the ground, the greater the excavation reaction force acting on the work attachment 20.
- the three parameters have a strong correlation with the hardness of the ground
- the degree of agreement between the hardness corresponding to the operating status based on the operating parameters and the actual hardness of the ground can be improved, and ultimately the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation based on the hardness corresponding to the operating status and the weight-corresponding hardness can be improved.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 is configured to obtain three operating state hardnesses H1, H2, and H3 corresponding to the three operating parameters of the cylinder load, the center of gravity acceleration of the work attachment 20, and the excavation reaction force, and the soil weight hardness H0, and to estimate the hardness of the ground based on the weighting coefficients W0, W1, W2, and W3 preset for each of the hardnesses H0, H1, H2, and H3, respectively, when performing the estimation process.
- the weighting coefficients are set high for indicators that have a strong correlation with ground hardness, and low for indicators that have a low correlation, thereby improving the accuracy of estimating ground hardness.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 stores the hardness of the ground each time the specified excavation operation is performed, and when the stored hardness of the ground reaches a specified number of times (the specified number is 2 or more), it calculates the average value Iave of the stored ground hardness for the specified number of times and outputs information on the calculated average value to the display unit 34.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 outputs the average value of the ground hardness for a predetermined number of times as the ground hardness estimation result. This makes it possible to average out the variation in ground hardness estimated by the hardness estimation unit 503. Therefore, a worker can perform appropriate excavation work according to the ground hardness, for example, by performing excavation work based on this averaged ground hardness.
- the operating parameter may be, for example, any one of the cylinder load, the acceleration of the center of gravity of the work attachment 20, and the work attachment 20.
- the operating parameter may also include the velocity of the center of gravity of the work attachment 20.
- the operating parameter may be any parameter that is related to the operating state of the work attachment 20 during the excavation operation and correlates with the hardness of the ground that is the subject of the excavation operation, and the number of operating parameters is not limited to multiple, and may be one.
- the maximum value, variance value, and integral value are given as numerical values related to the three operating parameters (indexes), but the present invention is not limited to these, and may be the numerical values of each operating parameter itself.
- the related numerical values are not limited to constants, and may be time histories (i.e., waveform data showing changes over time).
- the first hardness correspondence data D and the second hardness correspondence data F1, F2, and F3 in a graph format are used to calculate the hardness corresponding to each index, and each hardness is multiplied by a weighting coefficient to estimate the hardness Ih of the ground, but this is not limited to the above, and hardness correspondence data divided into levels as shown in Fig. 22 described later may be used as the first hardness correspondence data D and the second hardness correspondence data F1, F2, and F3.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 sets the weighting coefficient as a predetermined constant, but this is not limited thereto, and the weighting coefficient may be changed based on the posture of the work attachment 20 during a predetermined excavation operation, or on time-series changes in the numerical values in the operation data J. According to this configuration, the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation by the hardness estimation unit 503 can be improved as much as possible by lowering the weight of the indicator for which the estimation accuracy is predicted to decrease.
- the position of the bucket 23 in the excavation start posture will be lower than the ground surface on which the hydraulic excavator 1 is located.
- the lower the bucket 23 is positioned from the ground surface the easier it is for soil and sand to flow into the bucket 23 during the excavation operation compared to when excavating flat ground, so differences in soil and sand weight due to differences in ground hardness are less likely to appear.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 may be configured to set the weighting coefficient W0 corresponding to the sand weight-corresponding hardness H0 relatively small and set the other weighting coefficients W1, W2, and W3 relatively large. This allows the hardness estimation unit 503 to improve the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation as much as possible.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 acquires waveform data showing the time change in the center of gravity acceleration of the work attachment 20, and determines whether or not the waveform data contains a feature indicating contact between the bucket 23 and a rigid body (for example, a waveform feature in which the center of gravity acceleration increases suddenly vertically). If it is determined that such a feature exists, the weighting coefficient for that indicator (center of gravity acceleration) may be set relatively small, and the other weighting coefficients may be set relatively large. This makes it possible to improve the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation by the hardness estimation unit 503 as much as possible.
- the command signal for driving the arm 22 and the bucket 23 is a command signal corresponding to the amount of operation of the operation unit 4, and the command signal for driving the boom 21 is composed of a command signal corresponding to the amount of operation of the operation unit 4 and an adjustment command signal input from the controller 50 to the electromagnetic proportional valve 5, but this is not limited to the above.
- the hydraulic excavator 1 may be equipped with a controller (control unit) capable of generating a command signal for causing the work attachment 20 to perform the predetermined excavation operation and inputting the generated command signal to the drive unit.
- an automatic operation switch is provided, and the control is executed when the switch is turned on, so that the work attachment 20 can automatically perform the predetermined excavation operation that satisfies the target speed condition. This makes it possible to suppress the variation in the operation of the work attachment 20 caused by the manual operation of the operator, and ultimately improve the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation by the hardness estimation unit 503.
- the hardness correspondence data D is graph data that corresponds the soil weight of the bucket 23 obtained by the excavation test to the ground hardness by an approximation line I, but it is not limited to this and may be, for example, data in which the ground hardness is divided into multiple levels according to the soil weight.
- Figure 22 is a diagram (corresponding to Figure 6 in the first embodiment) showing an example of hardness correspondence data based on this level division. In the example of this diagram, the ground hardness is divided into three levels, namely, hard soil level, medium level, and soft soil level, and the weight of soil corresponding to each hardness level is shown on the horizontal axis.
- a first threshold value is set to distinguish between a hard soil level and an intermediate level
- a second threshold value is set to distinguish between a soft soil level and an intermediate level. If the weight of soil held in the bucket 23 after a specified excavation operation is less than the first threshold value, the ground hardness is estimated to be at the hard soil level; if the weight of soil is within the range between the first and second threshold values, the ground hardness is estimated to be at the intermediate level; and if the weight of soil exceeds the second threshold value, the ground hardness is estimated to be at the soft soil level.
- the target speed specified in the target speed condition does not necessarily have to be a constant value as in each of the above embodiments, and may be, for example, a speed profile that increases linearly over time, or a speed profile that increases linearly and then becomes a constant value.
- the target speed conditions for the specified excavation operation of the work attachment 20 when creating the hardness correspondence data D must be the same as the target speed conditions for the specified excavation operation of the work attachment 20 when actually estimating the ground hardness.
- the boom 21, the arm 22, and the bucket 23 are each configured to operate at a rotational angular velocity corresponding to the amount of operation of the operation unit 4, but this is not limited thereto.
- the controller 50 may execute control (hereinafter referred to as excavation assist control) to determine the rotational angular velocity of the bucket 23 based on the relative angular velocity between the boom 21 and the arm 22 (the angular velocity of the relative rotation of the arm 22 with respect to the boom 21). This stabilizes the operation of the work attachment 20, improving the reproducibility of the amount of soil excavated by the bucket 23, and ultimately improving the accuracy of the estimation of the ground hardness.
- the excavation assist control may be executed only in the hardness estimation mode, and the function may be turned off in the normal operation mode.
- the controller 50 may execute a process to change the control parameters (e.g., the degree of change in the rotational angular velocity) when executing the excavation assist control to values corresponding to the estimated ground hardness based on the result of the estimation of the ground hardness by the hardness estimation unit 503.
- the excavation start posture of the predetermined excavation operation by the work attachment 20 is a state in which the tip 23b of the bucket 23 is in contact with the ground G, but this is not limited thereto, and may be, for example, a state in which the tip 23b of the bucket 23 penetrates the ground.
- the cylinder load may be monitored, the boom 21 may be lowered until the cylinder load (for example, the load of the boom cylinder 21S) reaches a predetermined load, and the descent of the boom 21 may be stopped at the same time as the cylinder load reaches the predetermined load, and the posture of the work attachment 20 at the time of the stop may be set as the excavation start posture.
- the predetermined excavation operation can be started with the tip 23b of the bucket 23 firmly biting into the ground G, so that the bucket 23 can be prevented from swinging out of the ground and the bucket 23 can reliably excavate soil. Therefore, a sufficient amount of soil excavated by the bucket 23 can be ensured, and the hardness estimation unit 503 can accurately estimate the ground hardness.
- the weight detection unit 502 is configured to detect the weight of the soil E held in the bucket 23 based on the balance of the moment around the rotation fulcrum S at the base end of the boom 21, but this is not limited to this and may be configured, for example, by a weight sensor (load cell, etc.) placed on the bottom surface of the bucket 23.
- the hardness correspondence data D is created based on an excavation test in which the work attachment 20 actually performs the specified excavation operation, but this is not limited thereto, and the hardness correspondence data D may be created, for example, based on a computer simulation that simulates the specified excavation operation of the work attachment 20. In this case, the hardness correspondence data D can be created more cheaply and in a shorter time than when an actual excavation test is performed.
- the maximum reach posture and the ground angle of the bucket 23 of 70° to 120° have been given as an example of an excavation start posture when the work attachment 20 is caused to perform a predetermined excavation operation, but it does not necessarily have to be the maximum reach posture, and the ground angle of the bucket 23 does not necessarily have to be 70° to 120°.
- the excavation start posture only needs to be the same posture when the hardness correspondence data D is created and when the actual ground hardness is estimated based on the hardness correspondence data D, and is not limited to the posture shown in FIG. 4A above.
- the excavation completion posture is not limited to the posture shown in FIG. 4C, and only needs to be the same posture when the hardness correspondence data D is created and when the actual ground hardness is estimated based on the hardness correspondence data D.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 executes a process of determining whether or not a predetermined excavation operation by the work attachment 20 has been performed correctly (operation determination process) based on whether or not the weight of soil held in the bucket 23 is within the range of the minimum soil weight w1 to the maximum soil weight w2, but this is not limited to this.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 may be configured to execute the operation determination process based on the distance from the base end of the work attachment 20 to the tip of the bucket 23 at the start of the excavation and the operation input information of the work attachment 20 after the start of the predetermined excavation operation.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 may be configured to determine that the predetermined excavation operation has been performed correctly when the boom foot distance, which is the distance from the tip of the bucket 23 to the base end of the boom 21 at the start of the predetermined excavation operation (digging start posture), is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, and the pulling operation input of the arm 22 during the predetermined excavation operation of the work attachment 20 is equal to or greater than a predetermined time. This can prevent work such as leveling the ground around the machine body 1S from being erroneously determined as the predetermined excavation operation. A turning operation input during the execution of the predetermined excavation operation by the work attachment 20 may be added to the determination conditions. This can prevent the hardness estimation unit 503 from erroneously determining that a pressing excavation operation in which the work attachment 20 is turned while pressing the bucket 23 against the side of a trench or the ground is the predetermined excavation operation.
- the controller 50 (an example of a speed condition setting unit) may be configured to reset the target speed condition after the work attachment 20 performs a predetermined number of excavation operations while satisfying the target speed condition. This predetermined number may be the same as the predetermined number of sampling times when the hardness estimation unit 503 calculates the average hardness of the ground.
- the controller 50 acquires the hardness of the ground estimated by the hardness estimation unit 503 at the time when the predetermined number of excavation operations have been performed, and sets the target speed condition so that the amount of soil E excavated by the bucket 23 corresponds to the maximum load that the bucket 23 can hold when the ground of the acquired hardness is excavated by the predetermined excavation operation of the work attachment 20.
- the target speed condition is set by the same method as that described in FIG. 8 of the first embodiment.
- the correspondence between the acquired hardness and the target speed condition that ensures that the amount of soil in the bucket 23 corresponds to the maximum load can be acquired in advance through experiments or the like and stored as target speed setting data in the memory unit 504.
- the hardness estimation unit 503 can set the target speed condition based on this target speed setting data and the acquired hardness.
- the target speed conditions are changed according to the changed hardness of the ground. Therefore, a sufficient amount of soil E can be excavated by the bucket 23.
- the target speed conditions are set according to the hardness of the ground, so the problem of reduced excavation efficiency described above can be avoided.
- the multiple members constituting the work attachment 20 are composed of three members: the boom 21, the arm 22, and the bucket 23.
- the attachment may be composed of, for example, two members including the bucket 23, or may be composed of four or more members.
- a hydraulic excavator 1 capable of traveling on the ground has been described as an example of a construction machine, but the present invention is not limited to this and may be a construction machine fixed to the ground.
- the drive system of the construction machine is not limited to a hydraulic drive system and may be, for example, an electric drive system.
- the present invention includes any combination of the above-described embodiments, modifications, and other embodiments.
- the present invention provides a machine body, a work attachment that is attached to the machine body and has a bucket capable of digging and holding soil that constitutes the ground and that can perform an excavation operation of the ground via the bucket, a weight detection unit that can detect the weight of the soil held in the bucket, and a hardness estimation unit that estimates the hardness of the ground, and the hardness estimation unit is configured to execute an estimation process to estimate the hardness of the ground based on the weight of the soil detected by the weight detection unit and first hardness correspondence data that specifies the change in weight of the soil due to differences in the hardness of the ground after a predetermined excavation operation is performed in which the work attachment changes its posture from an excavation start posture to an excavation completion posture capable of holding the soil after excavation while satisfying a target speed condition.
- the hardness of the ground is estimated based on the weight of the soil held in the bucket by the specified excavation operation of the work attachment and the hardness corresponding data, so that the complex calculation process for distinguishing the waveform detected by the sensor can be eliminated and the ground hardness can be easily estimated. Therefore, compared to the conventional case where the characteristics of the waveform detected by the sensor are distinguished by complex calculation process, the risk of misjudgment can be reduced and the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation can be improved.
- the ground hardness is estimated based on the weight of the soil held in the bucket, so even if the resolution of the ground hardness is increased, the number of discrimination targets does not increase, and it is only necessary to distinguish the size of the soil, so the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation does not decrease.
- a specific excavation operation can be incorporated into the normal excavation work performed by the work attachment, and the hardness estimation unit can estimate the hardness of the ground, eliminating the need for a dedicated operation just to estimate the hardness of the ground, and allowing the excavation work by the work attachment to be performed efficiently.
- the construction machine is preferably configured to include an operation data acquisition unit that acquires operation data related to the operating state of the work attachment during the excavation operation and correlated with the hardness of the ground that is the target of the excavation operation, and when executing the estimation process, the hardness estimation unit executes a first calculation process that calculates the ground hardness corresponding to the weight of the soil detected by the weight detection unit after the work attachment performs the specified excavation operation as a first hardness based on the weight of the soil detected by the weight detection unit and the first hardness correspondence data, and a second calculation process that calculates the ground hardness corresponding to the acquired operation data as a second hardness based on the operation data acquired by the operation data acquisition unit during the specified excavation operation and second hardness correspondence data that specifies the change in the operation data due to differences in the hardness of the ground, and estimates the hardness of the ground based on the first hardness calculated in the first calculation process and the second hardness calculated in the second calculation process.
- a first calculation process that calculates the ground hardness corresponding to the weight of the
- the ground hardness is estimated based not only on the weight of soil held in the bucket by the specified excavation operation, but also on the operating data of the work attachment during the excavation operation, thereby improving the accuracy of estimating the ground hardness. That is, the weight of soil held in the bucket by the specified excavation operation easily changes due to changes in the bucket's trajectory caused by the bucket coming into contact with a foreign object during the excavation operation, rough terrain, etc. For this reason, if the ground hardness is estimated based only on the weight of soil held in the bucket, there is a risk that the accuracy of estimating the ground hardness will decrease due to variations in the weight of soil held in the bucket.
- the ground hardness estimation process is performed based on a first hardness based on the weight of soil held in the bucket after the specified excavation operation and a second hardness based on the operating parameters of the work attachment during the specified excavation operation, thereby improving the estimation accuracy as much as possible compared to the case where the ground hardness is estimated based only on the weight of soil.
- the hardness estimation unit is preferably configured to execute an operation determination process to determine whether the specified excavation operation has been performed correctly along a specified trajectory when the specified excavation operation is performed by the work attachment, and not to execute the estimation process when it is determined that the specified excavation operation has not been performed correctly.
- the estimation process by the hardness estimation unit is not performed, thereby preventing erroneous estimation of ground hardness by the hardness estimation unit.
- it is not performed correctly it is, for example, if the speed state of the work attachment when the specified excavation operation is performed does not satisfy the target speed condition, such as when the bucket rotates freely in the air or when a push excavation operation is performed by rotating the machine body while pressing the bucket against the side of a trench or the ground.
- the target speed condition such as when the bucket rotates freely in the air or when a push excavation operation is performed by rotating the machine body while pressing the bucket against the side of a trench or the ground.
- the operating data is numerical data on operating parameters related to the operating state of the work attachment during the excavation operation and correlated with the hardness of the ground that is the subject of the excavation operation, and it is preferable that the operating parameters include at least one of the load on a cylinder that drives the work attachment, the velocity of the center of gravity of the work attachment, the acceleration of the center of gravity of the work attachment, and the excavation reaction force acting on the work attachment.
- the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation by the hardness estimation unit can be improved. That is, the harder the ground, the greater the load on the drive cylinder of the work attachment. Furthermore, the harder the ground, the greater the vibration of the work attachment during the excavation operation, so the center of gravity velocity and center of gravity acceleration of the work attachment also change in a vibrational manner. Furthermore, the harder the ground, the greater the excavation reaction force acting on the work attachment.
- the four parameters have a strong correlation with the hardness of the ground
- the degree of agreement between the second hardness based on the operating parameters and the actual hardness of the ground is increased, and ultimately the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation based on the second hardness and the first hardness can be improved.
- the operating data is numerical data on at least one operating parameter that is related to the operating state of the work attachment during the excavation operation and correlates with the hardness of the ground that is the subject of the excavation operation
- the hardness estimation unit is preferably configured to calculate at least one second hardness corresponding to the at least one operating parameter and the first hardness corresponding to the weight of the soil when performing the estimation process, and to estimate the hardness of the ground based on the calculated at least one second hardness and the first hardness and a weighting coefficient previously set for each of the hardnesses.
- the weighting coefficient is set high for indicators that have a strong correlation with the ground hardness, and low for indicators that have a low correlation, thereby improving the accuracy of estimating the ground hardness.
- the hardness estimation unit is preferably configured to store the hardness of the ground estimated each time the specified excavation operation is performed, and to estimate and output the average value of the stored hardnesses for a specified number of times as the hardness of the ground.
- the estimated ground hardness value output by the hardness estimation unit is the average value for a predetermined number of times, so even if there is a large variance in the estimated ground hardness values, the estimation error in ground hardness can be reduced by taking the average value.
- the hardness estimation unit is configured to change the weighting coefficient based on the posture of the work attachment during the specified excavation operation or on time-series changes in the numerical values in the operation data.
- the weighting coefficients are changed based on the posture of the work attachment and the time-series changes in the numerical values in the operating data, and the accuracy of the ground estimation by the hardness estimation unit can be improved as much as possible by setting the weighting coefficients of the indicators (soil weight and operating parameters) that have a large effect on the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation relatively large depending on the situation during the excavation operation by the work attachment.
- the hardness estimation unit is configured to execute the operation determination process based on the distance from the base end of the work attachment in the excavation start posture to the tip of the bucket and the operation input information of the work attachment after the start of the specified excavation operation.
- the operation determination process is performed based on the distance from the base end of the work attachment in the excavation start posture to the tip of the bucket, which makes it possible to prevent the erroneous determination that a state in which the work attachment is leveling the ground near the machine body is the specified excavation operation.
- the operation determination process is performed based on operation input information for the work attachment after the start of the specified excavation operation, which makes it possible to prevent the erroneous determination that a pressing excavation state, which is performed by rotating the machine body while pressing the bucket against the side of a trench or the ground, is the specified excavation operation.
- the construction machine further includes a speed condition setting unit that sets the target speed condition, and the speed condition setting unit is configured to reset the target speed condition after the work attachment performs a predetermined number of times of a specified excavation operation while satisfying the target speed condition, and when resetting the target speed condition, the speed condition setting unit preferably obtains the ground hardness estimated by the hardness estimation unit at the time when the predetermined number of times of the specified excavation operation has been performed, and sets the amount of soil excavated by the bucket when ground of the obtained hardness is excavated by the specified excavation operation of the work attachment to an amount that corresponds to the maximum load that the bucket can hold.
- the target speed conditions are changed according to the changed hardness of the ground. Therefore, a sufficient amount of soil can be excavated by the bucket.
- the target speed conditions are set according to the hardness of the ground, so there is no reduction in the efficiency of excavation by the work attachment.
- the work attachment preferably has a plurality of members, including the bucket, that are movable relative to one another, and the target speed condition preferably comprises a condition that the speed of the center of gravity of one of the plurality of members, an arm that is connected to the bucket, or the speed of the combined center of gravity of the plurality of members, is constant.
- the bucket when the work attachment is made to perform a predetermined excavation operation, the bucket can be stably excavated, and differences in excavation trajectories due to differences in ground hardness can be clearly generated, thereby improving the accuracy of estimating the ground hardness.
- the speed of the composite center of gravity of multiple members constant, the operation of the entire work attachment can be stabilized.
- the work attachment since the excavation operation of the work attachment is performed by the cooperation of multiple members (e.g., the boom, arm, and bucket), when estimating the ground hardness by the hardness estimation unit, the work attachment can be made to perform a predetermined excavation operation so that the speed of the composite center of gravity of multiple members is constant, thereby stably (evenly) excavating the ground with the bucket.
- the reproducibility of the weight of soil held in the bucket after the predetermined excavation operation (in other words, the reproducibility of the weight of soil when an excavation operation is performed on ground of the same hardness under the same speed conditions) is ensured, and the accuracy of estimating the ground hardness based on the weight of the soil can be improved.
- the construction machine further includes a speed state detection unit that detects the speed state of the work attachment while the specified excavation operation is being performed, a deviation degree calculation unit that calculates information related to the deviation degree between the speed state detected by the speed state detection unit and the target speed condition, and a notification unit that notifies the information related to the deviation degree calculated by the deviation degree calculation unit.
- the operator can recognize how much the speed state of the work attachment deviates from the target speed condition based on the information related to the deviation reported by the notification unit while the work attachment is performing a specified excavation operation. Then, based on this recognition, the operator can correct the manual operation he or she performs so that the speed state of the work attachment satisfies the target speed condition. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the speed of the composite center of gravity of the work attachment from varying due to the operator's manual operation. In turn, it is possible to improve the reproducibility of the weight of soil held in the bucket after a specified excavation operation, and further improve the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation by the hardness estimation unit.
- the construction machine preferably includes a speed state detection unit that detects the speed state of the work attachment while the specified excavation operation is being performed, a drive unit for driving the work attachment, and a control unit that, while the specified excavation operation is being performed by the work attachment, determines a command signal to the drive unit based on a comparison between the speed state of the work attachment detected by the speed state detection unit and the target speed condition, and executes control to transmit the determined command signal to the drive unit so that the speed state satisfies the target speed condition.
- a command signal is sent from the control unit to the drive unit so that the speed state of the work attachment satisfies the target speed condition (so-called feedback control is executed). Therefore, for example, when the work attachment is caused to perform a predetermined excavation operation by manual operation by an operator, it is possible to prevent the speed of the combined center of gravity of the work attachment from deviating from the target speed condition due to variations in the operator's manual operation, etc.
- the predetermined excavation operation of the work attachment may also be executed by automatic control by a controller, for example, rather than by manual operation, and in this case, similar effects can be obtained.
- the target speed condition is preferably set so that when the work attachment excavates ground of a specified hardness on the softer side of the hardnesses defined in the hardness correspondence data by the specified excavation operation, the amount of soil excavated by the bucket corresponds to the maximum load that the bucket can hold.
- This configuration can further improve the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation by the hardness estimation unit. That is, as the hardness of the ground becomes harder, the amount of soil excavated by the bucket also decreases. Therefore, if the amount of soil excavated when soft ground is small to begin with, the amount of soil excavated by the bucket becomes zero even if the hardness of the ground becomes slightly harder, and the above-mentioned ground hardness estimation process based on the weight of soil in the bucket cannot be executed.
- the target speed conditions for performing the specified excavation operation are set so that the amount of soil excavated by the bucket when excavating ground with a specified hardness on the soft side of the hardness correspondence data corresponds to the maximum load that can be held in the bucket. This allows the weight of soil held in the bucket by the specified excavation operation of the work attachment to differ significantly between soft soil and hard soil, thereby improving the accuracy of the estimation of the hardness of the ground by the hardness estimation unit.
- the construction machine is preferably further equipped with an excavation time detection unit that detects the excavation time, which is the time required for the specified excavation operation, and the hardness estimation unit is configured to determine whether the weight of the soil detected by the weight detection unit is equal to or greater than a specified weight after the specified excavation operation is performed by the work attachment, and to execute the estimation process to estimate the hardness of the ground based on the weight of the soil detected by the weight detection unit and the hardness correspondence data if it is determined that the weight is less than the specified weight, while executing the estimation process to estimate the hardness of the ground based on the excavation time detected by the excavation time detection unit if it is determined that the weight is equal to or greater than the specified weight.
- the ground hardness estimation accuracy can be sufficiently ensured.
- the ground hardness is excessively soft, the amount of soil excavated by the bucket exceeds the maximum load that the bucket can hold in the excavation completion posture, and even if the ground hardness changes, the weight of the soil held in the bucket remains constant and does not change because the excess falls out. For this reason, the above-mentioned estimation process based on the weight of soil held in the bucket cannot estimate the ground hardness with high accuracy.
- the ground hardness estimation process is performed based on the time required for a predetermined excavation operation.
- the excavation time required for a given excavation operation is not limited by an upper limit, unlike the weight of soil held in the bucket, and the softer the ground hardness, the longer the excavation time. Therefore, when the ground hardness is excessively soft, the estimation accuracy can be improved by executing a ground hardness estimation process by the hardness estimation unit based on the excavation time in this way.
- the construction machine may further include a drive unit for driving the work attachment, and a control unit capable of generating a command signal for causing the work attachment to perform the specified excavation operation and inputting the generated command signal to the drive unit.
- a command signal for causing the work attachment to perform a specified excavation operation is input to the drive unit. Therefore, for example, it is possible to cause the work attachment to automatically perform the specified excavation operation.
- the work attachment can be operated without being influenced by the operation of the operator, so that the target speed condition can be reliably met when performing the specified excavation operation, and ultimately the accuracy of the ground hardness estimation by the hardness estimation unit can be improved.
- the construction machine further includes a communication unit that receives information on the hardness of the ground estimated by the hardness estimation unit and transmits the received hardness information to a management device provided at a location remote from the construction machine.
- the information on the hardness of the ground sent from the communication unit to the management device can be used to review the construction plan, manage the construction history, etc.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る油圧ショベル1(建設機械)を示す側面図である。この油圧ショベル1は、走行面(地面Gであって地盤の上面)上を走行可能なクローラ式の下部走行体10と、前記走行面に対して垂直な旋回中心軸まわりに旋回可能となるように下部走行体10の上に搭載される上部旋回体12と、この上部旋回体12に起伏可能に搭載される作業アタッチメント20(作業装置)と、を備える。当該作業アタッチメント20は、前記上部旋回体12に起伏可能に支持されるブーム21と、当該ブーム21の先端に回動可能に連結されるアーム22と、当該アーム22の先端に回動可能に連結されるバケット23(先端部材)とを備える。バケット23は、側方から見てアーム22に連結される基端部23aと爪部が形成された先端部23bとを有している。また、上部旋回体12は、旋回フレーム121と、キャブ13とを有する。下部走行体10及び上部旋回体12が機体1Sを構成している。
t)は、オペレータによるブーム操作量であり、uc(t)はコントローラ50のアタッチメント制御部501が設定するブーム操作量である。
なお、この式6に含まれる「g」は重力加速度であり上述の合成重心を意味するものではない。
以上説明したように本実施形態では、油圧ショベル1は、バケット23に保持された土砂Eの重量を検出可能な重量検出部502と、地盤の硬さを推定するための硬さ推定部503とを備え、硬さ推定部503は、地盤の硬さを推定する際には、作業アタッチメント20が掘削開始姿勢から掘削後の土砂Eを保持可能な掘削完了姿勢まで目標速度条件を満たしながら姿勢変化する所定掘削動作が実行された後に、重量検出部502により検出される前記土砂Eの重量と、地盤の硬さの違いによる前記土砂Eの重量の変化を規定した硬さ対応データDとを基に前記地盤の硬さを推定するように構成されている。
図10は、第1実施形態の変形例を示す図3相当図である。この変形例では、コントローラ50が乖離度算出部506をさらに有しており、乖離度算出部506により算出された作業アタッチメント20の合成重心速度Vgと目標重心速度rとの乖離度を表示部34に表示させる点で前記第1実施形態とは異なる。なお、以下の変形例及び実施形態において、前記第1実施形態と同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付してその詳細な説明を省略する。
以上説明したように、本変形例では、油圧ショベル1は、作業アタッチメント20の所定掘削動作の実行中における合成重心速度Vg(速度状態の一例)を検出する作業アタッチメント制御部501と、作業アタッチメント制御部501により検出された合成重心速度Vgと前記目標重心速度rとの乖離度に係る情報を算出する乖離度算出部506と、乖離度算出部506により算出された前記乖離度に係る情報を表示する表示部34(報知部の一例)とを備えている。表示部34には、当該乖離度に係る情報を含む報知画面34aが表示される。
図12は、第2実施形態を示す図3相当図である。この実施形態では、コントローラ50が掘削時間検出部507をさらに有しており、重量検出部502により検出された土砂Eの重量に基づく地盤硬さの推定処理と、掘削時間検出部507により検出された掘削時間に基づく地盤硬さの推定処理とを併用する点で前記第1実施形態とは異なる。
なお、前記Tmaxは、硬さ対応データDを作成する際の掘削試験の際に測定して記憶部504に記憶しておけばよい。
本実施形態では、油圧ショベル1は、作業アタッチメント20の所定掘削動作に要した時間である掘削時間を検出する掘削時間検出部507をさらに備え、硬さ推定部503、地盤の硬さを推定する際には、作業アタッチメント20により前記所定掘削動作が実行された後に、重量検出部502により検出された土砂Eの重量が前記所定重量以上であるか否かを判定し、前記所定重量以上であると判定した場合には、掘削時間検出部507により検出された前記掘削時間に基づいて前記地盤の硬さを推定するように構成されている。
図15は、第3実施形態を示す図3相当図である。この実施形態では、硬さ推定部503が、所定掘削動作によりバケット23に保持された土砂の重量と、稼働データ取得部508により取得された掘削動作中の作業アタッチメント20の稼働データJとに基づいて地盤の硬さを推定する点が前記実施形態1とは異なる。
以上説明したように本実施形態では、硬さ推定部503は、前記地盤硬さの推定処理を実行する際には、作業アタッチメント20による前記所定掘削動作の実行後に重量検出部502により検出される前記土砂重量と第1硬さ対応データDとを基に当該土砂重量に対応する地盤の硬さを土砂重量対応硬さH0として算出する第1算出処理と、所定掘削動作中に稼働データ取得部508が取得した稼働データJと、地盤硬さの違いによる前記稼働データJの変化を規定した第2硬さ対応データF1,F2,F3とを基に、前記取得した前記稼働データJに対応する前記地盤の硬さを稼働状況対応硬さH1,H2,H3として算出する第2算出処理とを実行する。そして、硬さ推定部503は、前記第1算出処理で算出した前記土砂重量対応硬さH0と、前記第2算出処理で算出した前記第2硬さH1,H2,H3とを基に前記地盤の硬さを推定するように構成されている。
前記第3実施形態では、稼動パラメータの一例として、シリンダ負荷、作業アタッチメント20の重心加速度、及び作業アタッチメント20に作用する掘削反力を挙げるとともに、それらに関連する数値としてそれぞれ最大値、分散値及び積分値を挙げて説明したが、これに限ったものではない。
前記第3実施形態では、グラフ形式の第1硬さ対応データD及び第2硬さ対応データF1,F2,F3を用いて各指標に対応する硬さを算出し、各硬さに重み係数を乗算して地盤の硬さIhを推定するようにしているが、これに限ったものではなく、第1硬さ対応データD及び第2硬さ対応データF1,F2,F3として、後述する図22に示すようにレベル分けした硬さ対応データを使用するようにしてもよい。この場合、例えば、各指標に対応する硬さがどのレベルの硬さに属するかを判別し、最も多い硬さレベルを特定して当該特定した硬さを地盤の硬さであると推定するようにしてもよい。
前記第3実施形態では、硬さ推定部503は、重み係数を予め定めた定数として設定しているが、これに限ったものではなく、作業アタッチメント20の所定掘削動作時における姿勢、又は、稼働データJにおける数値の時系列変化に基づいて重み係数を変更するように構成されていてもよい。この構成によれば、推定精度が落ちると予測される指標の重みを低くすることで、硬さ推定部503による地盤の硬さの推定精度を可及的に向上させることができる。
以上、本発明の実施形態に係る建設機械の一例について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えば次のような変形実施形態を採用することができる。
Claims (16)
- 機体と、
前記機体に装着され、地盤を構成する土砂を掘削して保持可能なバケットを有するとともに当該バケットを介して前記地盤の掘削動作を実行可能な作業アタッチメントと、
前記バケットに保持された前記土砂の重量を検出可能な重量検出部と、
前記地盤の硬さを推定する硬さ推定部とを備え、
前記硬さ推定部は、前記作業アタッチメントが掘削開始姿勢から掘削後の土砂を保持可能な掘削完了姿勢まで目標速度条件を満たしながら姿勢変化する所定掘削動作が実行された後に、前記重量検出部により検出される前記土砂の重量と、前記地盤の硬さの違いによる当該土砂の重量の変化を規定した第1硬さ対応データとを基に前記地盤の硬さを推定する推定処理を実行するように構成されている、建設機械。 - 請求項1記載の建設機械において、
前記掘削動作中における前記作業アタッチメントの稼働状態に関連し且つ当該掘削動作の対象となる地盤の硬さと相関のある稼働データを取得する稼働データ取得部と、を備え、
前記硬さ推定部は、
前記推定処理を実行する際には、前記作業アタッチメントによる前記所定掘削動作の実行後に前記重量検出部により検出される前記土砂の重量と前記第1硬さ対応データとを基に当該土砂の重量に対応する地盤の硬さを第1硬さとして算出する第1算出処理と、
前記所定掘削動作中に前記稼働データ取得部が取得した前記稼働データと、前記地盤の硬さの違いによる前記稼働データの変化を規定した第2硬さ対応データとを基に、前記取得した前記稼働データに対応する前記地盤の硬さを第2硬さとして算出する第2算出処理とを実行し、前記第1算出処理で算出した前記第1硬さと、前記第2算出処理で算出した前記第2硬さとを基に前記地盤の硬さを推定するように構成されている、建設機械。 - 請求項1又は2記載の建設機械において、
前記硬さ推定部は、前記作業アタッチメントによる前記所定掘削動作が実行された場合に、当該所定掘削動作が所定の軌道に沿って正しく実行されたか否かを判定する動作判定処理を実行し、正しく実行されていないと判定した場合には前記推定処理を実行しないように構成されている、建設機械。 - 請求項2記載の建設機械において、
前記稼働データは、前記掘削動作中における前記作業アタッチメントの稼働状態に関連し且つ当該掘削動作の対象となる地盤の硬さと相関のある稼働パラメータに関する数値のデータであり、
前記稼働パラメータは、前記作業アタッチメントを駆動するシリンダの負荷、前記作業アタッチメントの重心速度、前記作業アタッチメントの重心加速度、及び前記作業アタッチメントに作用する掘削反力のうち少なくとも1つを含む、建設機械。 - 請求項2記載の建設機械において、
前記稼働データは、前記掘削動作中における前記作業アタッチメントの稼働状態に関連し且つ当該掘削動作の対象となる地盤の硬さと相関のある少なくとも1つの稼働パラメータに関する数値のデータであり、
前記硬さ推定部は、前記推定処理の実行に際して、前記少なくとも1つの稼働パラメータに対応する少なくとも一つの前記第2硬さと、前記土砂の重量に対応する前記第1硬さとを算出し、該算出した少なくとも1つの第2硬さ及び前記第1硬さと、該各硬さのそれぞれに対して予め設定された重み係数とを基に前記地盤の硬さを推定するように構成されている、建設機械。 - 請求項1又は2記載の建設機械において、
前記硬さ推定部は、前記所定掘削動作の実行毎に推定した前記地盤の硬さを記憶しておき、記憶した硬さの所定回数分の平均値を前記地盤の硬さとして出力するように構成されている、建設機械。 - 請求項5記載の建設機械において、
前記硬さ推定部は、前記作業アタッチメントの前記所定掘削動作時における姿勢、又は、前記稼働データにおける前記数値の時系列変化に基づいて前記重み係数を変更するように構成されている、建設機械。 - 請求項3記載の建設機械において、
前記掘削開始姿勢における作業アタッチメントの基端部から前記バケットの先端までの距離と、前記所定掘削動作の開始後における前記作業アタッチメントの操作入力情報とを基に前記動作判定処理を実行するように構成されている、建設機械。 - 請求項1又は2記載の建設機械において、
前記目標速度条件を設定する速度条件設定部をさらに備え、
前記速度条件設定部は、前記作業アタッチメントが前記目標速度条件を満たしながら所定掘削動作を所定回数実行した後は、当該目標速度条件を再設定するように構成され、
前記速度条件設定部は、前記目標速度条件を再設定する際には、前記所定掘削動作が所定回数実行された時点で前記硬さ推定部によって推定される地盤の硬さを取得し、当該取得した硬さの地盤を前記作業アタッチメントの前記所定掘削動作により掘削した場合に、前記バケットにより掘削される前記土砂の掘削量が、当該バケットが保持可能な最大積載量に対応する量になるように設定される、建設機械。 - 請求項1記載の建設機械において、
前記作業アタッチメントは、前記バケットを含む互いに相対移動可能な複数の部材を有し、
前記目標速度条件は、前記複数の部材のうちの1つであって前記バケットに連結されるアームの重心の速度又は当該複数の部材の合成重心の速度が一定であるとの条件からなる、建設機械。 - 請求項1又は2記載の建設機械において、
前記所定掘削動作の実行中における前記作業アタッチメントの速度状態を検出する速度状態検出部と、
前記速度状態検出部により検出された速度状態と前記目標速度条件との乖離度に係る情報を算出する乖離度算出部と、
前記乖離度算出部により算出された前記乖離度に係る情報を報知する報知部と、をさらに備えている、建設機械。 - 請求項1又は2記載の建設機械において、
前記所定掘削動作の実行中における前記作業アタッチメントの速度状態を検出する速度状態検出部と、
前記作業アタッチメントを駆動するための駆動部と、
前記作業アタッチメントによる前記所定掘削動作の実行中は、前記速度状態検出部により検出された前記作業アタッチメントの速度状態と、前記目標速度条件との比較を基に、前記速度状態が前記目標速度条件を満たすように、前記駆動部への指令信号を決定し、当該決定した指令信号を前記駆動部に送信する制御を実行する制御部とを備えている、建設機械。 - 請求項1又は2記載の建設機械において、
前記目標速度条件は、前記硬さ対応データに規定された地盤の硬さのうち軟らかい側の所定硬さの地盤を前記作業アタッチメントの前記所定掘削動作により掘削した場合に、前記バケットにより掘削される前記土砂の掘削量が、当該バケットが保持可能な最大積載量に対応する量になるように設定される、建設機械。 - 請求項1又は2記載の建設機械において、
前記所定掘削動作に要した時間である掘削時間を検出する掘削時間検出部をさらに備え、
前記硬さ推定部は、前記作業アタッチメントにより前記所定掘削動作が実行された後に、前記重量検出部により検出された前記土砂の重量が所定重量以上であるか否かを判定し、該所定重量未満であると判定した場合に、前記重量検出部により検出される前記土砂の重量と前記硬さ対応データとを基に前記地盤の硬さを推定する前記推定処理を実行する一方、前記所定重量以上であると判定した場合には、前記掘削時間検出部により検出された掘削時間に基づいて前記地盤の硬さを推定する推定処理を実行するように構成されている、建設機械。 - 請求項1又は2記載の建設機械において、
前記作業アタッチメントを駆動するための駆動部と、
前記作業アタッチメントに前記目標速度条件を満たす前記所定掘削動作を実行させるための指令信号を生成して、生成した指令信号を前記駆動部に入力する制御を実行可能な制御部とをさらに備えている、建設機械。 - 請求項1又は2記載の建設機械において、
前記硬さ推定部により推定された前記地盤の硬さの情報を受け付けて、当該受け付けた硬さの情報を、前記建設機械から離れた場所に設けられた管理装置へ送信する通信部をさらに備えている、建設機械。
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