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WO2025009790A1 - Procédé et dispositif d'accès à un canal secondaire dans un système lan sans fil - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'accès à un canal secondaire dans un système lan sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025009790A1
WO2025009790A1 PCT/KR2024/008591 KR2024008591W WO2025009790A1 WO 2025009790 A1 WO2025009790 A1 WO 2025009790A1 KR 2024008591 W KR2024008591 W KR 2024008591W WO 2025009790 A1 WO2025009790 A1 WO 2025009790A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channel
frame
sta
primary channel
request frame
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
장인선
최진수
백선희
김건환
윤예린
차동주
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LG Electronics Inc
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LG Electronics Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a method and device for secondary channel access in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • Wi-Fi wireless LAN
  • VHT Very High-Throughput
  • HE High Efficiency
  • EHT Extremely High Throughput
  • technologies for MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) and multi-access point (AP) coordination that support increased bandwidth, efficient utilization of multiple bands, and increased spatial streams are being studied, and in particular, various technologies are being studied to support low latency or real-time traffic.
  • new technologies are being discussed to support ultra-high reliability (UHR), including improvements or extensions of EHT technologies.
  • the technical problem of the present disclosure is to provide a method and device for secondary channel access in a wireless LAN system.
  • the technical problem of the present disclosure is to provide a method and device for announcing information related to access to one or more secondary channels other than a primary channel in a wireless LAN system.
  • the technical problem of the present disclosure is to provide a method and device for performing a negotiation procedure for secondary channel access.
  • a method performed by a station (STA) in a wireless LAN system comprises the steps of: transmitting a request frame related to a non-primary channel access procedure to an access point (AP); receiving a response frame related to whether to accept the request frame from the AP; and performing a non-primary access procedure based on the response frame, wherein the request frame may include information related to at least one first non-primary channel for a back-off procedure.
  • STA station
  • AP access point
  • a method performed by an access point (AP) in a wireless LAN system comprises the steps of: receiving a request frame related to a non-primary channel access procedure from a station (STA); transmitting a response frame related to whether to accept the request frame to the STA; and performing a non-primary access procedure based on the response frame, wherein the request frame may include information related to at least one first non-primary channel for a back-off procedure.
  • a method and device for secondary channel access in a wireless LAN system can be provided.
  • a method and apparatus for announcing information related to access to one or more secondary channels other than a primary channel in a wireless LAN system can be provided.
  • a method and apparatus for performing a negotiation procedure for secondary channel access can be provided.
  • communication can be performed more efficiently using media and channels in a wireless LAN system.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a link setup process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a backoff process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a CSMA/CA-based frame transmission operation to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 6 is a drawing for explaining an example of a frame structure used in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of PPDUs defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of primary channel-based channel access to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method for a STA to perform channel access according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method for an AP to perform channel access according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of secondary channel access according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a case where BSS channels between APs overlap according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a process in which an AP transmits announcement information related to an SCA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining a case where the bandwidth of a BSS operating channel is 160 MHz according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining a case where the bandwidth of a BSS operating channel is 320 MHz according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a case where the bandwidth of a BSS operating channel is 160 MHz according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • first in one embodiment
  • second component in another embodiment
  • first component in another embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to various wireless communication systems.
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN system.
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN based on IEEE 802.11a/g/n/ac/ax/be standards.
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN based on a newly proposed IEEE 802.11bn (or UHR) standard.
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN based on a next-generation standard after IEEE 802.11bn.
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a cellular wireless communication system.
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a cellular wireless communication system based on a Long Term Evolution (LTE) series technology of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard and a New Radio (5G NR) series technology.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • 5G NR New Radio
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first device (100) and the second device (200) illustrated in FIG. 1 may be replaced with various terms such as a terminal, a wireless device, a Wireless Transmit Receive Unit (WTRU), a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Mobile Subscriber Unit (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), a Wireless terminal (WT), or simply a user.
  • WTRU Wireless Transmit Receive Unit
  • UE User Equipment
  • MS Mobile Station
  • UT a Mobile Subscriber Station
  • MSS Mobile Subscriber Unit
  • SS Subscriber Station
  • AMS Advanced Mobile Station
  • WT Wireless terminal
  • first device (100) and the second device (200) may be replaced with various terms such as an access point (AP), a base station (BS), a fixed station, a Node B, a base transceiver system (BTS), a network, an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system, a road side unit (RSU), a repeater, a router, a relay, a gateway, etc.
  • AP access point
  • BS base station
  • BTS base transceiver system
  • AI Artificial Intelligence
  • RSU road side unit
  • RSU repeater
  • router a relay
  • gateway a gateway
  • the devices (100, 200) illustrated in FIG. 1 may also be referred to as stations (STAs).
  • STAs stations
  • the devices (100, 200) illustrated in FIG. 1 may be referred to by various terms such as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a transmitting STA, and a receiving STA.
  • the STAs (110, 200) may perform an AP (access point) role or a non-AP role. That is, the STAs (110, 200) in the present disclosure may perform functions of an AP and/or a non-AP.
  • the STAs (110, 200) When the STAs (110, 200) perform an AP function, they may simply be referred to as APs, and when the STAs (110, 200) perform a non-AP function, they may simply be referred to as STAs.
  • the APs in the present disclosure may also be indicated as AP STAs.
  • the first device (100) and the second device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless LAN technologies (e.g., IEEE 802.11 series).
  • the first device (100) and the second device (200) can include interfaces for a medium access control (MAC) layer and a physical layer (PHY) that follow the regulations of the IEEE 802.11 standard.
  • MAC medium access control
  • PHY physical layer
  • the first device (100) and the second device (200) may additionally support various communication standards (for example, standards of 3GPP LTE series, 5G NR series, etc.) other than wireless LAN technology.
  • the device of the present disclosure may be implemented as various devices such as a mobile phone, a vehicle, a personal computer, an Augmented Reality (AR) device, and a Virtual Reality (VR) device.
  • the STA of the present specification may support various communication services such as a voice call, a video call, a data communication, autonomous driving, MTC (Machine-Type Communication), M2M (Machine-to-Machine), D2D (Device-to-Device), and IoT (Internet-of-Things).
  • a first device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and/or one or more antennas (108).
  • the processor (102) controls the memories (104) and/or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal via the transceiver (106).
  • the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information/signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory (104).
  • the memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software codes including instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless LAN technology (e.g., IEEE 802.11 series).
  • the transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108).
  • the transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
  • the transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit.
  • a device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
  • the second device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and/or one or more antennas (208).
  • the processor (202) may control the memories (204) and/or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.
  • the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signal via the transceiver (206).
  • the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information/signal via the transceiver (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in the memory (204).
  • the memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software codes including instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless LAN technology (e.g., IEEE 802.11 series).
  • the transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208).
  • the transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
  • the transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit.
  • a device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
  • one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202).
  • one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC).
  • One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.
  • PDUs Protocol Data Units
  • SDUs Service Data Units
  • One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.
  • One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, suggestions and/or methodologies disclosed in this disclosure, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206).
  • One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.
  • signals e.g., baseband signals
  • the one or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer.
  • the one or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • DSPs Digital Signal Processors
  • DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
  • PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
  • FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc.
  • the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more of the following: included in one or more processors (102, 202), or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more of the processors (102, 202).
  • the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.
  • One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and/or commands.
  • the one or more memories (104, 204) may be comprised of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof.
  • the one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and/or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and/or flowcharts of the present disclosure, to one or more other devices.
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or flowcharts of the present disclosure, from one or more other devices.
  • one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, and the like, as described in the description, function, procedure, proposal, method, and/or operational flowchart, etc.
  • one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas, or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202).
  • one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and/or filter.
  • one of the STAs (100, 200) may perform the intended operation of an AP, and the other of the STAs (100, 200) may perform the intended operation of a non-AP STA.
  • the transceivers (106, 206) of FIG. 1 may perform transmission and reception operations of signals (e.g., packets or PPDUs (Physical layer Protocol Data Units) according to IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be/bn, etc.).
  • signals e.g., packets or PPDUs (Physical layer Protocol Data Units) according to IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be/bn, etc.
  • operations of various STAs generating transmission and reception signals or performing data processing or calculations in advance for transmission and reception signals may be performed in the processors (102, 202) of FIG. 1.
  • an example of an operation for generating a transmit/receive signal or performing data processing or calculation in advance for a transmit/receive signal may include: 1) an operation for determining/acquiring/configuring/computing/decoding/encoding bit information of a field (SIG (signal), STF (short training field), LTF (long training field), Data, etc.) included in a PPDU, 2) an operation for determining/configuring/acquiring time resources or frequency resources (e.g., subcarrier resources) used for the fields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data, etc.) included in a PPDU, 3) an operation for determining/configuring/acquiring specific sequences (e.g., pilot sequences, STF/LTF sequences, extra sequences applied to SIG) used for the fields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data, etc.) included in a PPDU, 4) a power control operation and/or a power saving operation applied to an STA, 5) an operation related to determining/acquiring/acquiring/
  • various information e.g., information related to fields/subfields/control fields/parameters/power, etc.
  • various information e.g., information related to fields/subfields/control fields/parameters/power, etc.
  • various STAs for determining/acquiring/configuring/computing/decoding/encoding transmission/reception signals can be stored in the memory (104, 204) of FIG. 1.
  • downlink means a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and downlink PPDU/packet/signal, etc. can be transmitted and received through the downlink.
  • a transmitter may be part of an AP STA, and a receiver may be part of a non-AP STA.
  • Uplink (UL) means a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and uplink PPDU/packet/signal, etc. can be transmitted and received through the uplink.
  • a transmitter may be part of a non-AP STA, and a receiver may be part of an AP STA.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • a wireless LAN supporting transparent STA mobility to a higher layer can be provided through the interaction of multiple components.
  • a BSS Basic Service Set
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which two BSSs (BSS1 and BSS2) exist and two STAs are included as members of each BSS (STA1 and STA2 are included in BSS1, and STA3 and STA4 are included in BSS2).
  • An ellipse representing a BSS in FIG. 2 can also be understood as representing a coverage area in which STAs included in the corresponding BSS maintain communication. This area can be referred to as a BSA (Basic Service Area). If an STA moves out of the BSA, it cannot directly communicate with other STAs within the corresponding BSA.
  • BSA Basic Service Area
  • an IBSS can have a minimal form consisting of only two STAs.
  • BSS1 consisting of only STA1 and STA2
  • BSS2 consisting of only STA3 and STA4
  • This configuration is possible when STAs can communicate directly without an AP.
  • a LAN can be configured when needed rather than being planned in advance, and this can be called an ad-hoc network.
  • an IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity that performs management functions. That is, in an IBSS, STAs are managed in a distributed manner. In IBSS, all STAs can be mobile STAs, and access to distributed systems (DS) is not permitted, forming a self-contained network.
  • DS distributed systems
  • the membership of an STA in a BSS can be dynamically changed by the STA turning on or off, the STA entering or leaving the BSS area, etc.
  • an STA can join the BSS using a synchronization process.
  • an STA In order to access all services of the BSS infrastructure, an STA must be associated with a BSS. This association can be dynamically established and may include the use of a Distribution System Service (DSS).
  • DSS Distribution System Service
  • the direct STA-to-STA distance may be limited by the PHY performance. In some cases, this distance limitation may be sufficient, but in some cases, communication between STAs over longer distances may be required.
  • a distributed system may be configured.
  • DS refers to a structure in which BSSs are interconnected.
  • a BSS may exist as an extended component of a network composed of multiple BSSs, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • DS is a logical concept and can be specified by the characteristics of a distributed system medium (DSM).
  • DSM distributed system medium
  • WM wireless medium
  • DSM distributed system medium
  • Each logical medium is used for a different purpose and is used by different components. These media are neither limited to being the same nor limited to being different.
  • the flexibility of a wireless LAN structure can be explained in that multiple media are logically different.
  • a wireless LAN structure can be implemented in various ways, and each wireless LAN structure can be independently specified by the physical characteristics of each implementation example.
  • a DS can support mobile devices by providing seamless integration of multiple BSSs and providing logical services necessary to handle addresses to destinations.
  • a DS can further include a component called a portal that acts as a bridge for connecting wireless LANs to other networks (e.g., IEEE 802.X).
  • An AP is an entity that enables access to a DS through a WM for associated non-AP STAs, and also has the functionality of an STA. Data movement between a BSS and a DS can be performed through an AP.
  • STA2 and STA3 illustrated in FIG. 2 have the functionality of an STA, and provide a function that allows associated non-AP STAs (STA1 and STA4) to access the DS.
  • all APs are basically STAs, all APs are addressable entities.
  • the address used by an AP for communication on a WM and the address used by an AP for communication on a DSM need not necessarily be the same.
  • a BSS consisting of an AP and one or more STAs can be called an infrastructure BSS.
  • Data transmitted from one of the STA(s) associated with an AP to the STA address of that AP is always received on an uncontrolled port and can be processed by an IEEE 802.1X port access entity.
  • the transmitted data (or frame) can be forwarded to the DS.
  • an Extended Service Set may be established to provide wider coverage.
  • An ESS is a network of arbitrary size and complexity consisting of DS and BSS.
  • An ESS may correspond to a set of BSSs connected to a DS. However, an ESS does not include a DS.
  • An ESS network is characterized by being seen as an IBSS in the LLC (Logical Link Control) layer. STAs included in an ESS can communicate with each other, and mobile STAs can move from one BSS to another BSS (within the same ESS) transparently to the LLC.
  • APs included in an ESS may have the same SSID (service set identification). The SSID is distinct from the BSSID, which is an identifier of the BSS.
  • the BSSs can be partially overlapped, which is a common configuration used to provide continuous coverage.
  • the BSSs can be physically unconnected, and logically there is no limit to the distance between the BSSs.
  • the BSSs can be physically co-located, which can be used to provide redundancy.
  • one (or more) IBSS or ESS networks can physically co-exist in the same space as one (or more) ESS networks. This can correspond to ESS network configurations such as cases where ad-hoc networks operate at locations where ESS networks exist, cases where physically overlapping wireless networks are configured by different organizations, or cases where two or more different access and security policies are required at the same location.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a link setup process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the link setup process may also be referred to as a session initiation process or a session setup process.
  • the discovery, authentication, association, and security setup processes of the link setup process may be collectively referred to as the association process.
  • the STA may perform a network discovery operation.
  • the network discovery operation may include a scanning operation of the STA. That is, in order for the STA to access the network, it must find a network that it can participate in. The STA must identify a compatible network before participating in the wireless network, and the process of identifying networks existing in a specific area is called scanning.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a network discovery operation including an active scanning process as an example.
  • active scanning an STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame to search for APs in the vicinity while moving between channels and waits for a response thereto.
  • a responder transmits a probe response frame to the STA that transmitted the probe request frame as a response to the probe request frame.
  • the responder may be an STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned.
  • the AP transmits a beacon frame, so the AP becomes the responder, and in the IBSS, the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting beacon frames, so the responder is not fixed.
  • an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 can store BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame and move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2) to perform scanning (i.e., transmitting and receiving probe request/response on channel 2) in the same manner.
  • the next channel e.g., channel 2
  • scanning i.e., transmitting and receiving probe request/response on channel 2
  • the scanning operation can also be performed in a passive scanning manner.
  • passive scanning an STA performing scanning moves through channels and waits for a beacon frame.
  • a beacon frame is one of the management frames defined in IEEE 802.11, and is periodically transmitted to notify the existence of a wireless network and to enable an STA performing scanning to find a wireless network and participate in the wireless network.
  • an AP In a BSS, an AP periodically transmits a beacon frame, and in an IBSS, STAs in the IBSS take turns transmitting beacon frames.
  • an STA performing scanning receives a beacon frame, it stores information about the BSS included in the beacon frame and moves to another channel, recording beacon frame information on each channel.
  • An STA receiving a beacon frame stores information related to the BSS included in the received beacon frame, moves to the next channel, and performs scanning on the next channel in the same manner. Comparing active scanning and passive scanning, active scanning has the advantage of lower delay and power consumption than passive scanning.
  • step S320 After the STA discovers the network, an authentication process may be performed in step S320.
  • This authentication process may be referred to as a first authentication process to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation of step S340 described below.
  • the authentication process includes the STA sending an authentication request frame to the AP, and the AP sending an authentication response frame to the STA in response.
  • the authentication frame used for the authentication request/response corresponds to a management frame.
  • the authentication frame may include information such as an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a Robust Security Network (RSN), a Finite Cyclic Group, etc. These are just some examples of information that may be included in an authentication request/response frame, and may be replaced by other information or may include additional information.
  • RSN Robust Security Network
  • the STA may transmit an authentication request frame to the AP.
  • the AP may determine whether to allow authentication for the STA based on information included in the received authentication request frame.
  • the AP may provide the result of the authentication processing to the STA through an authentication response frame.
  • an association process may be performed in step S330.
  • the association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and in response, the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA.
  • the association request frame may include information about various capabilities, a beacon listen interval, a service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, mobility domains, supported operating classes, a Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request, interworking service capabilities, etc.
  • the association response frame may include information about various capabilities, a status code, an Association ID (AID), supported rates, an Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter set, a Received Channel Power Indicator (RCPI), a Received Signal to Noise Indicator (RSNI), a mobility domain, a timeout interval (e.g., association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, a TIM broadcast response, a Quality of Service (QoS) map, etc.
  • AID Association ID
  • EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
  • RCPI Received Channel Power Indicator
  • RSNI Received Signal to Noise Indicator
  • timeout interval e.g., association comeback time
  • overlapping BSS scan parameters e.g., TIM broadcast response
  • a security setup process may be performed in step S340.
  • the security setup process of step S340 may be referred to as an authentication process through a Robust Security Network Association (RSNA) request/response
  • the authentication process of step S320 may be referred to as a first authentication process
  • the security setup process of step S340 may be referred to simply as an authentication process.
  • RSNA Robust Security Network Association
  • the security setup process of step S340 may include a process of performing private key setup, for example, through 4-way handshaking via an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame. Additionally, the security setup process may be performed according to a security method not defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard.
  • EAPOL Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a backoff process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the basic access mechanism of MAC is the CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) mechanism.
  • the CSMA/CA mechanism is also called the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) of IEEE 802.11 MAC, and basically adopts the "listen before talk" access mechanism.
  • DCF Distributed Coordination Function
  • the AP and/or STA may perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) to sense the wireless channel or medium for a predetermined time period (e.g., a DCF Inter-Frame Space (DIFS)) before starting transmission. If the sensing result determines that the medium is in an idle state, the AP and/or STA may start transmitting frames through the medium.
  • CCA Clear Channel Assessment
  • DIFS DCF Inter-Frame Space
  • the AP and/or STA may not start its own transmission, but may wait for a delay period (e.g., a random backoff period) for medium access and then attempt to transmit frames.
  • a delay period e.g., a random backoff period
  • the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol provides a Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF).
  • the HCF is based on the DCF and the Point Coordination Function (PCF).
  • the PCF is a polling-based synchronous access method in which all receiving APs and/or STAs periodically poll to receive data frames.
  • the HCF has EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) and HCCA (HCF Controlled Channel Access).
  • EDCA is a contention-based access method in which a provider provides data frames to multiple users, and HCCA uses a non-contention-based channel access method using a polling mechanism.
  • the HCF includes a medium access mechanism for improving the QoS (Quality of Service) of a wireless LAN, and can transmit QoS data in both a contention period (CP) and a contention-free period (CFP).
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • a random backoff period When an occupied/busy medium changes to an idle state, multiple STAs may attempt to transmit data (or frames). As a measure to minimize collisions, each STA may select a random backoff count, wait for the corresponding slot time, and then attempt to transmit.
  • the random backoff count has a pseudo-random integer value and may be determined as one of the values in the range of 0 to CW.
  • CW is a contention window parameter value.
  • the CW parameter is initially given CWmin, but may take a double value in case of transmission failure (e.g., when an ACK for a transmitted frame is not received).
  • the STA continues to monitor the medium while counting down the backoff slots according to the determined backoff count value. If the medium is monitored as occupied, the countdown stops and waits, and when the medium becomes idle, the remaining countdown is resumed.
  • STA3 when a packet to be transmitted reaches the MAC of STA3, STA3 can check that the medium is idle for DIFS and transmit the frame right away. The remaining STAs monitor whether the medium is occupied/busy and wait. In the meantime, data to be transmitted may also occur in each of STA1, STA2, and STA5, and each STA can perform a countdown of the backoff slot according to a random backoff count value selected by each STA after waiting for DIFS when the medium is monitored as idle. Assume that STA2 selects the smallest backoff count value and STA1 selects the largest backoff count value.
  • this example shows a case where the remaining backoff time of STA5 is shorter than the remaining backoff time of STA1 when STA2 finishes the backoff count and starts frame transmission.
  • STA1 and STA5 briefly stop the countdown and wait while STA2 occupies the medium.
  • STA1 and STA5 resume the stopped backoff count after waiting for DIFS. That is, they can start frame transmission after counting down the remaining backoff slots by the remaining backoff time. Since the remaining backoff time of STA5 is shorter than that of STA1, STA5 starts frame transmission. While STA2 occupies the medium, STA4 may also have data to transmit.
  • STA4 From STA4's perspective, when the medium becomes idle, it waits for DIFS, performs a countdown according to the random backoff count value it selected, and starts frame transmission.
  • the remaining backoff time of STA5 coincidentally matches the random backoff count value of STA4, and in this case, a collision may occur between STA4 and STA5. If a collision occurs, neither STA4 nor STA5 will receive an ACK, resulting in a failure in data transmission. In this case, STA4 and STA5 can select a random backoff count value and perform a countdown after doubling the CW value.
  • STA1 waits while the medium is occupied by transmissions from STA4 and STA5, and when the medium becomes idle, it waits for DIFS, and then starts transmitting frames after the remaining backoff time has elapsed.
  • a data frame is a frame used for transmitting data forwarded to a higher layer, and can be transmitted after a backoff performed after DIFS elapses from when the medium becomes idle.
  • a management frame is a frame used for exchanging management information that is not forwarded to a higher layer, and is transmitted after a backoff performed after an IFS such as DIFS or PIFS (Point coordination function IFS) elapses.
  • Subtype frames of the management frame include a beacon, an association request/response, a re-association request/response, a probe request/response, and an authentication request/response.
  • a control frame is a frame used to control access to the medium.
  • the subtype frames of the control frame include RTS (Request-To-Send), CTS (Clear-To-Send), ACK (Acknowledgment), PS-Poll (Power Save-Poll), Block ACK (BlockAck), Block ACK Request (BlockACKReq), NDP notification (null data packet announcement), and Trigger. If the control frame is not a response frame to the previous frame, it is transmitted after the backoff performed after the DIFS (DIFS), and if it is a response frame to the previous frame, it is transmitted without the backoff performed after the SIFS (short IFS).
  • DIFS DIFS
  • SIFS short IFS
  • a QoS (Quality of Service) STA can transmit a frame after a backoff performed after the AIFS (arbitration IFS) for the access category (AC) to which the frame belongs, that is, AIFS[i] (where i is a value determined by the AC), has elapsed.
  • AIFS aromatic IFS
  • the frames for which AIFS[i] can be used can be data frames, management frames, and also control frames that are not response frames.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a CSMA/CA-based frame transmission operation to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the CSMA/CA mechanism includes virtual carrier sensing in addition to physical carrier sensing in which an STA directly senses the medium.
  • Virtual carrier sensing is intended to complement problems that may occur in medium access, such as the hidden node problem.
  • the MAC of the STA may utilize a Network Allocation Vector (NAV).
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • the NAV is a value that indicates to other STAs the remaining time until the medium becomes available, by an STA that is currently using or has the right to use the medium. Therefore, the value set as NAV corresponds to the period during which the medium is scheduled to be used by the STA transmitting the corresponding frame, and the STA that receives the NAV value is prohibited from accessing the medium during the corresponding period.
  • the NAV may be set based on the value of the "duration" field of the MAC header of the frame.
  • STA1 wants to transmit data to STA2, and STA3 is in a position to overhear part or all of the frames transmitted and received between STA1 and STA2.
  • a mechanism using RTS/CTS frames may be applied.
  • STA3 may determine that the carrier sensing result of the medium is idle. That is, STA1 may correspond to a hidden node to STA3.
  • STA2 may transmitting, STA3 may determine that the carrier sensing result of the medium is idle. That is, STA2 may correspond to a hidden node to STA3.
  • STAs outside the transmission range of either STA1 or STA2, or STAs outside the carrier sensing range for transmission from STA1 or STA3 may not attempt to occupy the channel during data transmission and reception between STA1 and STA2.
  • STA1 can determine whether a channel is occupied through carrier sensing.
  • STA1 can determine a channel occupied idle state based on energy magnitude or signal correlation detected in the channel.
  • STA1 can determine a channel occupied state using a network allocation vector (NAV) timer.
  • NAV network allocation vector
  • STA1 can transmit an RTS frame to STA2 after performing a backoff if the channel is idle during DIFS.
  • STA2 can transmit a CTS frame, which is a response to the RTS frame, to STA1 after SIFS if it receives the RTS frame.
  • STA3 can set a NAV timer for the subsequently transmitted frame transmission period (e.g., SIFS + CTS frame + SIFS + data frame + SIFS + ACK frame) using the duration information included in the RTS frame.
  • STA3 can set a NAV timer for the subsequently transmitted frame transmission period (e.g., SIFS + data frame + SIFS + ACK frame) using the duration information included in the CTS frame.
  • STA3 can overhear one or more of the RTS or CTS frames from one or more of STA1 or STA2, it can set a NAV accordingly.
  • STA3 can update the NAV timer using the duration information contained in the new frame if it receives a new frame before the NAV timer expires. STA3 does not attempt to access the channel until the NAV timer expires.
  • STA1 receives a CTS frame from STA2, it can transmit a data frame to STA2 after SIFS from the time when reception of the CTS frame is completed. If STA2 successfully receives the data frame, it can transmit an ACK frame in response to the data frame to STA1 after SIFS.
  • STA3 can determine whether the channel is in use through carrier sensing if the NAV timer expires. If STA3 determines that the channel is not in use by other terminals during DIFS after the expiration of the NAV timer, it can attempt channel access after a contention window (CW) following a random backoff has elapsed.
  • CW contention window
  • FIG. 6 is a drawing for explaining an example of a frame structure used in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the PHY layer can prepare an MPDU (MAC PDU) to be transmitted by an instruction or primitive (meaning a set of instructions or parameters) from the MAC layer. For example, when a command requesting the start of transmission of the PHY layer is received from the MAC layer, the PHY layer can switch to transmission mode and transmit information (e.g., data) provided from the MAC layer in the form of a frame. In addition, when the PHY layer detects a valid preamble of the received frame, it monitors the header of the preamble and sends a command to the MAC layer notifying the start of reception of the PHY layer.
  • MPDU MPDU
  • an instruction or primitive meaning a set of instructions or parameters
  • PPDU PHY layer Protocol Data Unit
  • a basic PPDU may include a Short Training Field (STF), a Long Training Field (LTF), a SIGNAL (SIG) field, and a Data field.
  • STF Short Training Field
  • LTF Long Training Field
  • SIG SIGNAL
  • PPDU format may consist of only a Legacy-STF (L-STF), a Legacy-LTF (L-LTF), a Legacy-SIG (Legacy-SIG) field, and a Data field.
  • RL-SIG RL-SIG
  • U-SIG non-legacy SIG field
  • non-legacy STF non-legacy LTF
  • xx-SIG xx-SIG
  • xx-LTF e.g., xx represents HT, VHT, HE, EHT, etc.
  • STF is a signal for signal detection, AGC (Automatic Gain Control), diversity selection, precise time synchronization, etc.
  • LTF is a signal for channel estimation, frequency error estimation, etc. STF and LTF can be said to be signals for OFDM physical layer synchronization and channel estimation.
  • the SIG field may include various information related to PPDU transmission and reception.
  • the L-SIG field may consist of 24 bits and may include a 4-bit Rate field, a 1-bit Reserved bit, a 12-bit Length field, a 1-bit Parity field, and a 6-bit Tail field.
  • the RATE field may include information about a modulation and coding rate of data.
  • the 12-bit Length field may include information about the length or time duration of the PPDU.
  • the value of the 12-bit Length field may be determined based on the type of the PPDU. For example, for a non-HT, HT, VHT, or EHT PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3.
  • the value of the Length field can be determined as a multiple of 3 + 1 or a multiple of 3 + 2.
  • the data field may include a SERVICE field, a Physical layer Service Data Unit (PSDU), a PPDU TAIL bit, and, if necessary, padding bits.
  • PSDU Physical layer Service Data Unit
  • PPDU TAIL bit may be used to return the encoder to the 0 state.
  • padding bit may be used to adjust the length of the data field to a predetermined unit.
  • MAC PDU is defined according to various MAC frame formats, and the basic MAC frame consists of a MAC header, frame body, and FCS (Frame Check Sequence).
  • MAC frame consists of MAC PDU and can be transmitted/received through PSDU of the data part of PPDU format.
  • the MAC header includes a Frame Control field, a Duration/ID field, an Address field, etc.
  • the Frame Control field may include control information required for frame transmission/reception.
  • the Duration/ID field may be set to a time for transmitting the corresponding frame, etc.
  • the Address subfields may indicate a receiver address, a transmitter address, a destination address, and a source address of the frame, and some Address subfields may be omitted. For specific details of each subfield of the MAC header, including the Sequence Control, QoS Control, and HT Control subfields, refer to the IEEE 802.11 standard document.
  • Null-Data PPDU (NDP) format refers to a PPDU format that does not include a data field. That is, NDP refers to a frame format that includes a PPDU preamble (i.e., L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG fields, and additionally, non-legacy SIG, non-legacy STF, non-legacy LTF if present) in a general PPDU format, and does not include the remaining part (i.e., data field).
  • a PPDU preamble i.e., L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG fields, and additionally, non-legacy SIG, non-legacy STF, non-legacy LTF if present
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of PPDUs defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the basic PPDU format (IEEE 802.11a/g) includes L-LTF, L-STF, L-SIG, and Data fields.
  • the basic PPDU format can also be called a non-HT PPDU format (Fig. 7(a)).
  • the HT PPDU format (IEEE 802.11n) additionally includes HT-SIG, HT-STF, and HT-LFT(s) fields in the basic PPDU format.
  • the HT PPDU format illustrated in Fig. 7(b) may be referred to as an HT-mixed format.
  • an HT-greenfield format PPDU may be defined, which corresponds to a format that does not include L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG, and consists of HT-GF-STF, HT-LTF1, HT-SIG, one or more HT-LTF, and Data fields (not illustrated).
  • VHT PPDU format includes VHT SIG-A, VHT-STF, VHT-LTF, and VHT-SIG-B fields in addition to the basic PPDU format (Fig. 7(c)).
  • HE PPDU format (IEEE 802.11ax) additionally includes RL-SIG (Repeated L-SIG), HE-SIG-A, HE-SIG-B, HE-STF, HE-LTF(s), and PE (Packet Extension) fields in the basic PPDU format (Fig. 7(d)).
  • RL-SIG Repeated L-SIG
  • HE-SIG-A HE-SIG-B
  • HE-STF HE-LTF(s)
  • PE Packet Extension
  • some fields may be excluded or their lengths may vary.
  • the HE-SIG-B field is included in a HE PPDU format for multi-users (MUs), and the HE PPDU format for single users (SUs) does not include the HE-SIG-B.
  • a HE trigger-based (TB) PPDU format does not include the HE-SIG-B, and the length of the HE-STF field may vary to 8us.
  • a HE ER (Extended Range) SU PPDU format does not include the HE-SIG-B field, and the length of the HE-SIG-A field may vary to 16us.
  • RL-SIG can be configured identically to L-SIG. The receiving STA can know that the received PPDU is a HE PPDU or an EHT PPDU, described later, based on the presence of RL-SIG.
  • the EHT PPDU format may include the EHT MU (multi-user) PPDU of Fig. 7(e) and the EHT TB (trigger-based) PPDU of Fig. 7(f).
  • the EHT PPDU format is similar to the HE PPDU format in that it includes an RL-SIG following an L-SIG, but it may include a U (universal)-SIG, an EHT-SIG, an EHT-STF, and an EHT-LTF following the RL-SIG.
  • the EHT MU PPDU in Fig. 7(e) corresponds to a PPDU that carries one or more data (or PSDU) for one or more users. That is, the EHT MU PPDU can be used for both SU transmission and MU transmission.
  • the EHT MU PPDU can correspond to a PPDU for one receiving STA or multiple receiving STAs.
  • the EHT TB PPDU of Fig. 7(f) omits EHT-SIG compared to the EHT MU PPDU.
  • An STA that has received a trigger for UL MU transmission e.g., a trigger frame or TRS (triggered response scheduling)
  • TRS triggered response scheduling
  • the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG (Universal SIGNAL), and EHT-SIG fields can be encoded and modulated and mapped based on a predetermined subcarrier frequency interval (e.g., 312.5 kHz) so that even legacy STAs can attempt to demodulate and decode them. These can be referred to as pre-EHT modulated fields.
  • the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, Data, and PE fields can be encoded and modulated and mapped based on a predetermined subcarrier frequency interval (e.g., 78.125 kHz) so that they can be demodulated and decoded by an STA that successfully decodes a non-legacy SIG (e.g., U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG) and obtains the information included in the corresponding fields.
  • a predetermined subcarrier frequency interval e.g., 78.125 kHz
  • a non-legacy SIG e.g., U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG
  • EHT modulated fields e.g., U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG
  • the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, HE-SIG-A, and HE-SIG-B fields may be referred to as pre-HE modulation fields, and the HE-STF, HE-LTF, Data, and PE fields may be referred to as HE modulation fields.
  • the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, and VHT-SIG-A fields may be referred to as pre-VHT modulation fields
  • the VHT STF, VHT-LTF, VHT-SIG-B, and Data fields may be referred to as VHT modulation fields.
  • the U-SIG included in the EHT PPDU format of Fig. 7 can be configured based on, for example, two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols).
  • Each symbol (e.g., OFDM symbol) for the U-SIG can have a duration of 4us, and the U-SIG can have a total duration of 8us.
  • Each symbol of the U-SIG can be used to transmit 26 bits of information.
  • each symbol of the U-SIG can be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.
  • U-SIG can be configured in 20MHz units. For example, when an 80MHz PPDU is configured, the same U-SIG can be replicated in 20MHz units. That is, four identical U-SIGs can be included in an 80MHz PPDU. When the bandwidth exceeds 80MHz, for example, for a 160MHz PPDU, the U-SIG of the first 80MHz unit and the U-SIG of the second 80MHz unit can be different.
  • a uncoded bits can be transmitted, and a first symbol of U-SIG (e.g., U-SIG-1 symbol) can transmit the first X bits of information out of the total A bits of information, and a second symbol of U-SIG (e.g., U-SIG-2 symbol) can transmit the remaining Y bits of information out of the total A bits of information.
  • the A bits of information e.g., 52 uncoded bits
  • the tail field can be used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder and can be set to 0, for example.
  • the A bit information transmitted by U-SIG can be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits.
  • U-SIG may be included in a new PPDU format (e.g., UHR PPDU format) not shown in FIG. 7, and in the format of the U-SIG field included in the EHT PPDU format and the format of the U-SIG field included in the UHR PPDU format, the version-independent bits may be the same, and some or all of the version-dependent bits may be different.
  • the size of the version-independent bits of U-SIG can be fixed or variable.
  • the version-independent bits can be assigned only to U-SIG-1 symbols, or to both U-SIG-1 symbols and U-SIG-2 symbols.
  • the version-independent bits and the version-dependent bits can be called by various names, such as the first control bit and the second control bit.
  • the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier, which may indicate the PHY version (e.g., EHT, UHR, etc.) of the transmitted and received PPDU.
  • the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL/DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL/DL flag field relates to UL communication, and the second value of the UL/DL flag field relates to DL communication.
  • the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include information about the length of a TXOP (transmission opportunity) and information about a BSS color ID.
  • the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG may contain information that directly or indirectly indicates the type of the PPDU (e.g., SU PPDU, MU PPDU, TB PPDU, etc.).
  • the U-SIG may further include information about bandwidth, information about an MCS technique applied to a non-legacy SIG (e.g., EHT-SIG or UHR-SIG, etc.), information indicating whether a dual carrier modulation (DCM) technique (e.g., a technique for achieving an effect similar to frequency diversity by reusing the same signal on two subcarriers) is applied to the non-legacy SIG, information about the number of symbols used for the non-legacy SIG, information about whether the non-legacy SIG is generated over the entire band, etc.
  • DCM dual carrier modulation
  • Some of the information required for PPDU transmission and reception may be included in the U-SIG and/or the non-legacy SIG (e.g., EHT-SIG or UHR-SIG, etc.).
  • information about the type of non-legacy LTF/STF e.g., EHT-LTF/EHT-STF or UHR-LTF/UHR-STF, etc.
  • information about the length of the non-legacy LTF and the cyclic prefix (CP) length e.g., EHT-LTF/EHT-STF or UHR-LTF/UHR-STF, etc.
  • information about the length of the non-legacy LTF and the cyclic prefix (CP) length e.g., information about the guard interval (GI) applied to the non-legacy LTF
  • information about the preamble puncturing applicable to the PPDU e.g., information about the resource unit (RU) allocation, etc.
  • RU resource unit
  • Preamble puncturing may mean transmission of a PPDU in which no signal is present in one or more frequency units within the bandwidth of the PPDU.
  • the size of the frequency unit (or the resolution of the preamble puncturing) may be defined as 20 MHz, 40 MHz, etc.
  • preamble puncturing may be applied to a PPDU bandwidth greater than a predetermined size.
  • non-legacy SIGs such as HE-SIG-B, EHT-SIG, etc. may include control information for the receiving STA.
  • the non-legacy SIG may be transmitted through at least one symbol, and one symbol may have a length of 4 us.
  • Information about the number of symbols used for EHT-SIG may be included in a previous SIG (e.g., HE-SIG-A, U-SIG, etc.).
  • Non-legacy SIGs such as HE-SIG-B, EHT-SIG, etc.
  • HE-SIG-B may contain common fields and user-specific fields. Common fields and user-specific fields may be coded separately.
  • the common field may be omitted.
  • the common field may be omitted, and multiple STAs may receive a PPDU (e.g., a data field of a PPDU) over the same frequency band.
  • a PPDU e.g., a data field of a PPDU
  • multiple users may receive a PPDU (e.g., a data field of a PPDU) over different frequency bands.
  • the number of user-specific fields can be determined based on the number of users.
  • One user block field can include at most two user fields.
  • Each user field can be associated with an MU-MIMO allocation or associated with a non-MU-MIMO allocation.
  • the common field may include CRC bits and Tail bits, the length of the CRC bits may be determined as 4 bits, the length of the Tail bits may be determined as 6 bits and may be set to 000000.
  • the common field may include RU allocation information.
  • the RU allocation information may include information about the location of RUs to which multiple users (i.e., multiple receiving STAs) are allocated.
  • An RU may include multiple subcarriers (or tones). An RU may be used when transmitting signals to multiple STAs based on the OFDMA technique. An RU may also be defined when transmitting signals to one STA. Resources may be allocated in RU units for non-legacy STFs, non-legacy LTFs, and Data fields.
  • an applicable size of RU can be defined.
  • the RU may be defined identically or differently for the applicable PPDU format (e.g., HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, UHR PPDU, etc.).
  • the RU arrangements of HE PPDU and EHT PPDU may be different.
  • the applicable RU size, RU number, RU position, DC (direct current) subcarrier position and number, null subcarrier position and number, guard subcarrier position and number, etc. for each PPDU bandwidth can be referred to as a tone plan.
  • a tone plan for a wide bandwidth can be defined in the form of multiple repetitions of a tone plan for a low bandwidth.
  • RUs of different sizes can be defined, such as 26-tone RU, 52-tone RU, 106-tone RU, 242-tone RU, 484-tone RU, 996-tone RU, 2 ⁇ 996-tone RU, 3 ⁇ 996-tone RU, etc.
  • a multiple RU is distinct from multiple individual RUs and corresponds to a group of subcarriers consisting of multiple RUs.
  • one MRU can be defined as 52+26-tones, 106+26-tones, 484+242-tones, 996+484-tones, 996+484+242-tones, 2 ⁇ 996+484-tones, 3 ⁇ 996-tones, or 3 ⁇ 996+484-tones.
  • multiple RUs constituting one MRU may or may not be consecutive in the frequency domain.
  • the specific size of the RU may be reduced or expanded. Therefore, the specific size of each RU (i.e., the number of corresponding tones) in the present disclosure is not limited and is exemplary. In addition, within a given bandwidth (e.g., 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 MHz, ...) in the present disclosure, the number of RUs may vary depending on the RU size.
  • each field in the PPDU formats of FIG. 7 are exemplary, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited by the names.
  • the examples of the present disclosure can be applied not only to the PPDU format exemplified in FIG. 7, but also to a new PPDU format in which some fields are excluded and/or some fields are added based on the PPDU formats of FIG. 7.
  • Channel access in a wireless LAN system is performed based on the primary channel. For example, if the primary channel is idle and the backoff counter (BC) expires, the STA can transmit a frame on a channel including the primary channel and the secondary channel that is idle. To this end, all STAs preferentially perform CCA on the primary channel.
  • the AP announces information about the primary channel of the BSS, and the channel on which management frames (e.g., beacon frames, probe response frames, etc.) are transmitted always includes the primary channel.
  • management frames e.g., beacon frames, probe response frames, etc.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of primary channel-based channel access to which the present disclosure can be applied.
  • channels in 80MHz bandwidth can be referred to as follows.
  • S20 Secondary 20MHz channel (if the bandwidth is 40MHz, corresponds to the remaining 20MHz secondary channel excluding P20)
  • S40 Secondary 40MHz channel (when the bandwidth is 80MHz, corresponds to the remaining 40MHz secondary channels, excluding P20 and S20)
  • channels with bandwidths exceeding 80 MHz can be referred to as:
  • S80 Secondary 80MHz channel (if the bandwidth is 160MHz, corresponds to the remaining 80MHz secondary channels, excluding P20, S20, and S40)
  • S160 Secondary 160MHz channel (corresponds to the remaining 160MHz secondary channels except P20, S20, S40, and S80 when the bandwidth is 320MHz)
  • S320 Secondary 320MHz channel (corresponds to secondary channels of 320MHz except P20, S20, S40, S80, and S160 when the bandwidth is 640MHz)
  • a backoff counter is set for a primary channel.
  • an STA can perform a CCA (e.g., physical CS and virtual CS) to determine whether the state of the medium on the primary channel is idle or busy. For example, in the example of FIG. 8, if the state of the medium on P20 is determined to be busy according to the CCA (e.g., physical CS and/or virtual CS (NAV)) for P20, the STA does not decrement the backoff counter (BC), and if the state of the medium on P20 is determined to be idle, the STA can decrement the BC.
  • CCA e.g., physical CS and virtual CS
  • the STA can check (e.g., CCA) the state of the medium on S20 and S40.
  • the STA can transmit a PPDU (or frame) on a channel that is idle among S20 and S40, and on the primary channel.
  • PPDU or frame
  • the aforementioned primary channel-based channel access operation can have the effect of preventing interference occurrence and protecting PPDU transmission because frame exchanges between all STAs and APs are performed according to the state of the primary channel.
  • the secondary channel(s) are idle, channel access cannot be performed only on the secondary channel(s) excluding the primary channel, so there is inefficiency in terms of medium usage. For example, in the example of Fig. 8, when P20 is busy and both S20 and S40 are idle, a portion of the bandwidth corresponding to 60 MHz is wasted.
  • a new method of accessing the secondary channel based on the secondary channel is required even when the primary channel is not in an idle state.
  • secondary channel access means that an STA accesses a secondary channel (i.e., a medium on the secondary channel) while the primary channel (i.e., a medium on the primary channel) is BUSY (e.g., due to OBSS traffic or other circumstances).
  • an AP or a non-AP STA may determine that the primary channel is BUSY based on physical carrier sensing and/or virtual carrier sensing and/or NAV setting.
  • the term secondary channel is used to collectively refer to one or more channels other than the primary channel, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and may also be referred to as a non-primary channel.
  • the secondary channel access may be referred to as non-primary channel access (NPCA).
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method for an STA to perform channel access according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a non-primary channel may collectively refer to a channel other than a primary channel (e.g., a secondary channel).
  • An STA can transmit a request frame related to a non-primary channel access procedure to the AP (S910).
  • the request frame may be either an association request frame or a secondary channel access request frame (transmitted after the association step).
  • the request frame may also include a TWT setup frame.
  • the request frame transmitted by the STA can be generated based on the beacon frame.
  • the AP can transmit a beacon frame to the STA, and the STA can generate and transmit the request frame based on information related to secondary channel access included in the beacon frame.
  • a beacon frame may include at least one of information related to at least one second non-primary channel capable of performing a back-off procedure, information indicating whether channel access to the non-primary channel is permitted, and a maximum bandwidth over which a PPDU may be transmitted or received based on the non-primary channel access.
  • the STA may select at least one first non-primary channel among at least one second non-primary channel for performing a back-off.
  • the request frame transmitted by the STA may include information related to at least one first non-primary channel for the back-off procedure.
  • information related to at least one first non-primary channel for the back-off procedure may include a bitmap representing the at least one first non-primary channel.
  • the request frame may include information representing a size of the bitmap representing the at least one first non-primary channel.
  • the STA can receive a response frame from the AP regarding whether to accept the request frame (S920).
  • the response frame may be, but is not limited to, a combining response frame or a secondary channel access response frame (transmitted after the combining step).
  • the response frame may be a TWT setup frame or a response frame to a TWT setup frame.
  • whether to accept a request frame may be indicated by a status code field included in the response frame.
  • the status code field may indicate one of accepting the request frame, rejecting the request frame, or suggesting other information other than information included in the request frame.
  • STA can perform a non-primary access procedure based on the response frame (S930).
  • the STA can perform a back-off procedure for at least one first non-primary channel. Based on the back-off count value according to the back-off procedure for at least one first non-primary channel being 0, the STA can determine whether a state of at least one third non-primary channel adjacent to the at least one first non-primary channel is idle.
  • the STA may transmit a PPDU to the AP or receive a PPDU from the AP on the at least one first non-primary channel and the at least one third non-primary channel. For example, based on the state of the primary channel being busy, the STA may transmit a PPDU with the primary channel punctured to the AP or receive the PPDU from the AP.
  • the method described in the example of FIG. 9 can be performed by the first device (100) of FIG. 1.
  • one or more processors (102) of the first device (100) of FIG. 1 can transmit a request frame related to a non-primary channel access procedure to an AP through one or more transceivers (106).
  • the one or more processors (102) can receive a response frame related to whether to accept the request frame from the AP through one or more transceivers (106).
  • the one or more processors (102) can perform a non-primary access procedure based on the response frame.
  • one or more memories (104) of the first device (100) may store instructions for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 9 or the examples described below when executed by one or more processors (102).
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method for an AP to perform channel access according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • An AP can receive a request frame related to a non-primary channel access procedure from an STA (S1010).
  • the AP may transmit a beacon frame to the STA, and the beacon frame may include information related to a channel access procedure.
  • the AP may receive a request frame based on the beacon frame from the STA.
  • the AP may determine whether to approve information related to a channel access procedure included in the request frame.
  • the AP may transmit a response frame to the STA regarding whether to accept the request frame (S1020).
  • the AP can decide whether to approve information related to the channel access procedure included in the request frame and transmit a response frame containing information on whether or not to approve (i.e., a status code field) to the STA.
  • the AP can perform a non-primary access procedure based on the response frame (S1030).
  • the AP can perform the back-off procedure on at least one first non-primary channel.
  • the method described in the example of FIG. 10 may be performed by the second device (200) of FIG. 1.
  • one or more processors (202) of the second device (200) of FIG. 1 may receive a request frame related to a non-primary channel access procedure from an STA through one or more transceivers (206).
  • the one or more processors (202) may transmit a response frame related to whether to approve the request frame to the STA through one or more transceivers (206).
  • the one or more processors (202) may perform a non-primary access procedure based on the response frame.
  • one or more memories (204) of the second device (200) may store instructions for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 10 or the examples described below when executed by one or more processors (202).
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 may correspond to some of the various examples of the present disclosure.
  • various examples of the present disclosure including the examples of FIGS. 9 and 10, will be described in more detail.
  • This embodiment relates to the capability of STA for secondary channel access.
  • SCA secondary channel access
  • STAs having the capability for SCA e.g., AP STAs and/or non-AP STAs.
  • AP STAs and non-AP STAs can inform each other about whether they support the SCA capability and/or whether they enable the SCA capability.
  • the capability for SCA can be defined by whether Type 1 CCA can be performed based on whether a WLAN frame is decoded/identified on the secondary channel (i.e., whether a preamble defined by the WLAN system is detected in the frame of the received PPDU (PD)).
  • Type 1 CCA for the secondary channel similar to the NAV setting/reset (for the primary channel) through PD-based CCA performed on the existing primary channel (i.e., NAV update based on duration information of the detected preamble), the NAV setting/reset for the secondary channel can be applied based on the duration information of the preamble detected through Type 1 CCA on the secondary channel.
  • the capability for SCA may be defined by whether a second type CCA based on guard interval detection (GID) or energy detection (ED) on a secondary channel can be performed.
  • GID may include determining whether a guard interval symbol defined by a wireless LAN system is detected
  • ED may include determining whether a signal greater than or equal to an arbitrary strength is detected regardless of whether it is a signal/packet defined by a wireless LAN system.
  • different or independent detection thresholds e.g., thresholds for received signal strength
  • SCA capability level 0 may correspond to a capability that does not perform backoff on the secondary channel. That is, like the existing primary channel-based channel access, the second type CCA (e.g., GID-based CCA and/or ED-based CCA) may be performed on the secondary channel.
  • the second type CCA e.g., GID-based CCA and/or ED-based CCA
  • SCA Capability Level 1 may correspond to a capability to perform backoff on one secondary channel at the same time.
  • Type 1 CCA e.g., PD-based CCA
  • Type 1 CCA/backoff on multiple secondary channels at one time may not be supported.
  • SCA Capability Level 2 may correspond to a capability to perform backoff on multiple secondary channels simultaneously. If there is one or more secondary channels in the working channel, a Type 1 CCA (e.g., PD-based CCA) may be performed on one or more of the secondary channels.
  • a Type 1 CCA e.g., PD-based CCA
  • SCA capabilities may be included in capability information elements (e.g., UHR capability IE) for a specific version/generation of a wireless LAN system.
  • an AP may transmit a capability IE including information indicating whether SCA capability is supported in a beacon frame, a probe response frame, an association request frame, a reassociation request frame, etc.
  • an STA may transmit a capability IE including information indicating whether SCA capability is supported in a probe request frame, an association request frame, a reassociation request frame, etc.
  • This embodiment describes the operation process of secondary channel access.
  • a basic NAV and an intra-BSS NAV can be set.
  • the basic NAV can be updated based on a PPDU identified as inter-BSS, or based on a PPDU that cannot be identified as intra-BSS or inter-BSS.
  • the intra-BSS NAV can be updated based on a PPDU identified as intra-BSS.
  • the STA behavior when the NAV for the primary channel is running i.e., the NAV is set/reset and has not expired
  • the NAV for the primary channel i.e., the NAV is set/reset and has not expired
  • an intra-BSS NAV for the primary channel may be set/reset for the second STA(s) within the BSS.
  • the second STA, for which the intra-BSS NAV for the primary channel is operating accesses a secondary channel (e.g., on a secondary channel identified as idle) to transmit a frame to the AP.
  • the AP may not receive a frame transmitted by the second STA to the AP on the secondary channel.
  • an STA can successfully perform frame exchange on SCA if it performs SCA while its default NAV is set/reset by a PPDU related to a BSS other than its own BSS (e.g., an OBSS) on the primary channel, or by a PPDU that is not classified/identified as its own BSS or another BSS, and the default NAV for the primary channel is in operation.
  • a PPDU related to a BSS other than its own BSS e.g., an OBSS
  • a PPDU that is not classified/identified as its own BSS or another BSS e.g., an OBSS
  • This embodiment relates to frame transmission on a secondary channel.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of secondary channel access according to the present disclosure.
  • a frame can be transmitted on P20 and one or more secondary channels in an idle state, depending on whether one or more secondary channels are idle/busy.
  • the STA can perform a backoff process on one or more secondary channels capable of performing backoff (referred to as the “first one or more secondary channels”) when P20 is in a busy state.
  • a backoff process based on a randomly selected backoff counter is not performed on the secondary channel
  • a plurality of adjacent STAs having similar operating channels perform frame transmission on a channel that is idle during a short time interval (e.g., one slot) based on the CCA result (without performing the backoff process) on a channel including (or overlapping) the secondary channel
  • a situation may arise where a plurality of STAs transmit frames simultaneously, and the channel may be wasted due to this possibility of collision. Therefore, in order to improve channel utilization, a backoff process may be performed on the secondary channel.
  • the STA may not perform secondary channel access (or backoff on the secondary channel). That is, secondary channel access (or backoff on the secondary channel) may be performed if the remaining length of the NAV timer for the primary channel is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold.
  • such a predetermined threshold may be associated with the TXOP length on the secondary channel. For example, if the current remaining NAV timer on the primary channel is not long enough to acquire a TXOP on the secondary channel, the STA may not perform a backoff on the secondary channel.
  • the STA may perform a Type-2 CCA on one or more additional secondary channels in addition to the first one or more secondary channels on which the backoff process was performed when the backoff counter on the first one or more secondary channels expires (i.e., the BC value becomes 0). For example, the STA may determine whether the result of the Type-2 CCA on other secondary channels (i.e., the additional secondary channels) is idle or busy during a predetermined length of time (e.g., PIFS) before the time when the backoff counter on the first secondary channel on which the backoff process was performed becomes 0.
  • PIFS predetermined length of time
  • the STA may perform a backoff to perform PPDU/frame transmission on the first one or more secondary channels for which the backoff counter has expired and the second one or more secondary channels corresponding to the additional secondary channels determined to be idle according to the Type 2 CCA. If all secondary channels other than the first one or more secondary channels for which the backoff has been performed (i.e., secondary channels on which the Type 2 CCA is performed) are busy, the second one or more secondary channels may not include any secondary channels other than the secondary channels for which the backoff counter has expired.
  • S20 is a secondary channel on which a backoff process based on the first type CCA is performed, and a second type CCA may be performed on S40 without a backoff.
  • a backoff counter on S20 expires and both 20 MHz channels of S40 are idle as a result of the second type CCA for a predetermined time period before that, a PPDU corresponding to 60 MHz of S20 and S40 excluding P20 among the 80 MHz bandwidth may be transmitted (i.e., the second one or more secondary channels include S20 and S40).
  • the PPDU transmitted on the second one or more secondary channels may be a PPDU of an 80 MHz bandwidth including information indicating that P20 is punctured, and a MAC frame transmitted by an STA that performed secondary channel access may be included in the punctured PPDU.
  • a PPDU corresponding to 20 MHz of S20 may be transmitted (i.e., the second one or more secondary channels include S20).
  • the PPDU transmitted on the second one or more secondary channels may be a PPDU of 80 MHz bandwidth including information indicating that P20 and S40 are punctured, and the punctured PPDU may include a MAC frame transmitted by the STA that performed the secondary channel access.
  • a PPDU/frame transmitted by a STA on one or more secondary channels may be transmitted to the AP or to another STA.
  • the STA can set/reset the basic NAV based on the frame received while performing the backoff process on the primary channel.
  • the STA can perform the backoff process on S20.
  • the backoff on S20 can be performed via PD-based CCA, and a time delay due to a switching operation may occur between the PD-based CCA or backoff stop on the primary channel and the PD-based CCA or backoff start on the secondary channel.
  • the CCA on S20 is not limited to the PD-based CCA (i.e., type 1 CCA), and GID-based or ED-based CCA (i.e., type 2 CCA) can also be performed.
  • This embodiment is for TXOP on a secondary channel.
  • the termination point of the TXOP on the secondary channel can be before the expiration of the default NAV for the primary channel. Therefore, the TXOP for the secondary channel can be acquired/set to terminate before the expiration of the default NAV for the primary channel.
  • an STA acquires/sets a TXOP for a secondary channel to end after the time when the default NAV for the primary channel expires
  • other STAs e.g., legacy STAs, etc.
  • that do not support secondary channel access may transmit frames on the channel including the primary channel (i.e., the primary channel and the secondary channel) after the default NAV for the primary channel expires, and an STA performing secondary channel access may not receive frames transmitted by other STAs on the channel including the primary channel.
  • the AP should prepare to transmit a beacon on the channel including the primary channel immediately after the default NAV expires, but it may not be able to transmit the beacon in time due to the TXOP on the secondary channel, and other STAs may not receive the beacon to be transmitted by the AP at a scheduled time and may have to wait for the beacon for a longer period of time. Therefore, by setting the TXOP for the secondary channel to end before the expiration of the primary NAV, frame exchange can be performed normally on the channel including the primary channel.
  • TTT target beacon transmission time
  • the STA may not transmit frames on the secondary channel or perform backoff on the secondary channel if there is not sufficient time to set/acquire a TXOP on the secondary channel (e.g., when the default NAV expiration time for the primary channel is below a predetermined threshold (related to the TXOP length). For example, if the length of the time interval between the time when the backoff counter for the secondary channel expires and the time when the default NAV for the primary channel ends is not sufficient for frame exchange (or not sufficient to set/acquire a TXOP), the STA may not perform frame transmission on the secondary channel.
  • a predetermined threshold related to the TXOP length
  • an STA that wishes to acquire a TXOP through a backoff process on S20 and whose backoff counter has expired can set/acquire the TXOP so that its length is shorter than the remaining time of the basic NAV for the primary channel (i.e., so that the TXOP ends before the basic NAV end time).
  • This embodiment relates to a transmission or reception operation of an STA performing secondary channel access.
  • An STA performing secondary channel access may transmit a frame/PPDU on the secondary channel during the time when the NAV for the primary channel is operating. For example, the STA may transmit a frame/PPDU on one or more of the second secondary channels that are idle, excluding/puncturing some channels (e.g., the primary channel and (if any) busy secondary channel(s)) based on a backoff process performed on one or more of the first secondary channels and a CCA result of one or more additional secondary channels on which the backoff is not performed.
  • some channels e.g., the primary channel and (if any) busy secondary channel(s)
  • a TXOP for a secondary channel which starts with a frame/PPDU transmission on the secondary channel, may be set to end before the NAV on the primary channel ends.
  • the TXOP length may be set/indicated via duration information (e.g., the value of the Duration/ID field) of a frame transmitted or received by an STA performing secondary channel access.
  • duration information e.g., the value of the Duration/ID field
  • the value of the Duration/ID field may be set to a value including a time required for exchange of frame/PPDU(s) subsequent to the corresponding frame/PPDU (e.g., the length of the corresponding frame/PPDU(s) and the interframe gap (IFS)).
  • the EDCA parameter set for each (first) secondary channel on which backoff is performed at the transmitting STA may be set as the EDCA parameter set for the primary channel, or as an MU EDCA parameter set, or as a new EDCA parameter set.
  • This EDCA parameter set may be applied equally to all (first) secondary channels, or may be applied differently.
  • an STA receiving a frame transmitted via secondary channel access may perform frame detection on the secondary channel during a time when NAV is operating on the primary channel.
  • the STA may have a frame to transmit and perform a backoff on the secondary channel, may receive a frame during the backoff on the secondary channel, or may attempt to receive a frame addressed to itself on the secondary channel even when there is no frame to transmit.
  • the STA may perform NAV setting/reset for the secondary channel based on duration information of a frame detected on the secondary channel.
  • the EDCA parameter set for each (first) secondary channel on which backoff is performed at the receiving STA may be set as the EDCA parameter set for the primary channel, or as an MU EDCA parameter set, or as a new EDCA parameter set.
  • This EDCA parameter set may be applied equally to all (first) secondary channels, or may be applied differently.
  • Example 4 relates to a procedure for an AP to announce information related to secondary channel access and information related to secondary access.
  • the BSS operating channel of an AP overlaps with the BSS (i.e., OBSS) operating channel of a neighboring AP (i.e., a neighboring AP)
  • BSS i.e., OBSS
  • SCA within the BSS of the AP and SCA within the BSS of the neighboring AP may affect each other. For example, when an AP successfully performs SCA within a BSS and transmits and receives PPDUs/frames using both secondary channels, and when the secondary channel through which the AP transmits PPDUs/frames overlaps with the primary channel of another AP, the channel access opportunities of the other AP may be reduced.
  • the STA of FIG. 11 is AP 1 of FIG. 12. Since S20 of AP 1 of FIG. 12 corresponds to P20 of AP 2 (i.e., S20 of AP 1 and P20 of AP 2 overlap each other), if AP 1 transmits PPDU/frames using all secondary channels, AP 2 may not be able to use P20 and S20. That is, if AP 1 performs SCA, a problem may occur in that AP 2 does not have an opportunity to perform PCH-based channel access.
  • the AP may notify the STA of information related to the SCA operation so that the STA can use the SCH while considering the surrounding circumstances (e.g., whether other STAs have the capability for SCA, the operating channel of the BSS to which the STA is associated, channel state information related to the STA, information related to OBSS, etc.).
  • the surrounding circumstances e.g., whether other STAs have the capability for SCA, the operating channel of the BSS to which the STA is associated, channel state information related to the STA, information related to OBSS, etc.
  • Example 4-1 relates to information related to SCA operation transmitted by an AP to a STA.
  • the AP can transmit various types of information related to the SCA operation to the STA through a management frame (e.g., a beacon frame, a probe response frame, etc.).
  • the management frame can include a UHR operation IE or an IE related to the SCA operation, and the UHR operation IE or the IE related to the SCA operation can include various types of information related to the SCA operation.
  • the STA can perform an operation related to the SCA according to various types of information related to the SCA operation received from the AP.
  • information related to an SCA operation may include information on whether to allow SCA, a maximum value of a bandwidth over which a frame/PPDU can be transmitted on an SCH when SCA is performed, information on one or more secondary channels that are a reference for SCA (i.e., a channel on which backoff is to be performed), and/or CCA threshold information related to a secondary channel.
  • information on whether to allow SCA can be indicated through a field related to whether to allow SCA (e.g., SCA allowed field), but the name of the field can be changed.
  • SCA allowed field consists of 1 bit. In this case, if the SCA allowed field value is 1 (or 0), this may mean that SCA is allowed, and if the SCA allowed field value is 0 (or 1), this may mean that SCA is not allowed.
  • one of 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 MHz bandwidths may be indicated as the maximum value of the bandwidth over which a frame/PPDU can be transmitted on the SCH when SCA is performed.
  • the maximum value of the bandwidth over which an STA can transmit a frame/PPDU on the SCH may not be greater than the operating bandwidth of the BSS associated with the STA (or the bandwidth of the BSS operating channel).
  • the operating bandwidth of a BSS (or the bandwidth of the BSS operating channel) may collectively refer to the bandwidth over which the corresponding BSS operates.
  • an AP may transmit information about the maximum value of the bandwidth over which a frame/PPDU can be transmitted on the SCH to the STA via a management frame (e.g., a beacon frame and/or a probe response frame).
  • a management frame e.g., a beacon frame and/or a probe response frame.
  • Information about the maximum value of the bandwidth over which a frame/PPDU can be transmitted on the SCH may be indicated via an SCA bandwidth field, but the name of the field may be changed.
  • the BSS operating bandwidth is 160 MHz and one or more SCHs of S80 are idle.
  • the maximum bandwidth announced by the AP i.e., the maximum value of the bandwidth over which frames/PPDUs can be transmitted on the SCH
  • 80 MHz frames in the form of 80 MHz PPDUs can be transmitted and received by STAs on the excluded channels.
  • information about one or more secondary channels (i.e., channels on which backoff is to be performed) that are the basis for SCA may indicate channels on which backoff is to be performed based on the BSS operating bandwidth or the maximum bandwidth that can transmit the frame/PPDU.
  • information about one or more secondary channels that are the basis for SCA may be configured via a bitmap.
  • one or more secondary channels that are the basis for SCA may be configured with a 3-bit bitmap.
  • Each bit that constitutes the 3-bit bitmap may correspond to each 20 MHz secondary channel.
  • the bitmap may be configured as "100" (i.e., the bitmap is configured to indicate that the backoff is performed on the first 20 MHz secondary channel).
  • the bitmap may include a bit corresponding to the PCH.
  • information indicating one or more secondary channels that are the basis for SCA may be configured with a 4-bit bitmap.
  • the first bit of the bitmap may correspond to the 20 MHz channel of the highest frequency and the last bit of the bitmap may correspond to the 20 MHz channel of the lowest frequency.
  • the first bit of the bitmap may correspond to the 20 MHz channel of the lowest frequency and the last bit of the bitmap may correspond to the 20 MHz channel of the highest frequency.
  • the bandwidth that serves as the basis of the bitmap is not limited to 20 MHz, and may be implemented as 40, 80, or 160 MHz, etc.
  • the CCA threshold information related to the secondary channel may include information on a threshold value that serves as a criterion for determining a state of a channel through CCA (e.g., a criterion for determining whether the channel state is idle or busy) in one or more SCHs on which SCA is performed.
  • a threshold value that serves as a criterion for determining a state of the channel through CCA i.e., a threshold value that is compared with a measurement value of the channel
  • the CCA may include a first type CCA or/and a second type CCA.
  • the threshold value which serves as a criterion for judging the state of the channel, may be determined/set as a fixed/predefined value (e.g., -82dbM or -72dbM, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, the threshold value, which serves as a criterion for judging the state of the channel, may be determined/set as a value that is obtained by adding/subtracting a variable value (e.g., 4dbM, 8dbM, etc.) to/from the fixed/predefined value. In this case, the AP may transmit to the STA only the value that is added/subtracted from the threshold value.
  • a variable value e.g., 4dbM, 8dbM, etc.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure in which SCA is performed based on SCA-related information announced by an AP.
  • the AP may announce to an STA information on a BSS operating bandwidth set to 160 MHz, information indicating that SCA is permitted, information on the maximum bandwidth of a PPDU that can be transmitted through SCA set to 40 MHz, and information on a secondary channel (i.e., a channel on which backoff is performed) that serves as a reference for SCA.
  • the AP may transmit/announce the above-described information to an STA through a beacon frame.
  • information about the channel on which backoff is performed can be configured in a bitmap format. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 13, if information about the channel on which backoff is performed is set to an 8-bit bitmap (e.g., "00100000"), this can indicate that the first 20 MHz of S40 (i.e., the second SCH) is the channel on which backoff is performed.
  • the first bit of the bitmap corresponds to the 20 MHz channel with the lowest frequency and the last bit of the bitmap corresponds to the 20 MHz channel with the highest frequency (i.e., in ascending order).
  • STA can perform backoff based on the announced information based on the first SCH of S40. If the backoff count becomes 0 and the second SCH of S40 is IDLE, STA can transmit a frame in S40 (to another STA (e.g., AP)). In addition, even if the channel state of S80 is IDLE, since the maximum bandwidth of PPDU that can be transmitted through SCA is 40 MHz, STA may not perform CCA for a specific SCH of S80 and may not use it.
  • the STA can transmit a frame using the SCH even if the state of the PCH is busy, thereby increasing the efficiency of channel use.
  • Example 5 relates to operations related to SCA of STA.
  • STA can transmit frame/PPDU on SCH by performing SCA. For example, STA can identify/determine channel status of one or more SCHs based on backoff performed on one or more SCHs and CCA results of one or more SCHs on which backoff is not performed. If the channel status of one or more SCHs is idle, STA can transmit frame/PPDU with PCH excluded/punctured on the one or more SCHs (to another STA (e.g., AP)).
  • STA e.g., AP
  • a TXOP established based on an SCA performed on one or more SCHs may be set to end before the time at which the NAV on the PCH ends. That is, the end time of a TXOP that starts with a frame/PPDU transmission on the SCH may be set/determined before the time at which the NAV on the PCH ends.
  • the length of the TXOP set on the SCH can be set/indicated through the duration/ID field of the frame transmitted in the corresponding TXOP.
  • the value of the duration/ID field can be set to a value corresponding to the time required for the exchange of the frame/PPDU following the corresponding frame/PPDU (including the interframe interval (IFS)).
  • the STA may obtain information about one or more SCHs performing backoff, such as through a management frame transmitted from the AP (e.g., a beacon frame).
  • the information about the one or more SCHs may include information about whether frame/PPDU transmission is possible on one or more SCHs.
  • the STA performing SCA is an AP, the STA may utilize the information transmitted by itself (e.g., information about whether frame/PPDU transmission is possible on the SCH and/or information about one or more SCHs performing backoff, etc.).
  • the STA may obtain the maximum bandwidth information over which it can transmit a frame/PPDU on the SCH from the AP through a management frame (e.g., a beacon frame). If the STA performing the SCA is an AP, the STA may utilize the maximum bandwidth information over which it can transmit a frame/PPDU on the SCH transmitted by the STA.
  • a management frame e.g., a beacon frame
  • the STA may obtain a threshold for the first type of CCA or the second type of CCA for determining the state of the channel (i.e., whether the channel is busy or idle) on the SCH through a management frame (e.g., a beacon frame, etc.). That is, if a value measured by the STA on the SCH (e.g., RSSI or power related to the channel) exceeds the threshold, the channel state of the corresponding SCH may be determined to be busy.
  • a management frame e.g., a beacon frame, etc.
  • the EDCA parameter set for each SCH on which backoff is performed may be set to the EDCA parameter set in the PCH, the MU EDCA parameter set, or a new EDCA parameter set.
  • the EDCA parameter set may be applied identically or differently for all SCHs.
  • an STA receiving a frame transmitted via SCA may perform frame detection on the SCH even during the time for which the NAV is set in the PCH. For example, the STA may perform a backoff on the SCH for a frame to be transmitted. As another example, when there is no frame to be transmitted, the STA may attempt to receive a frame addressed to itself on the SCA. In addition, the STA may perform NAV setting/resetting based on the value of the interval/ID field of the frame detected on the SCH.
  • the STA may obtain information about one or more SCHs performing backoff, such as through a management frame transmitted from the AP (e.g., a beacon frame).
  • the information about the one or more SCHs may include information about whether frame/PPDU transmission is possible on one or more SCHs.
  • the STA performing SCA is an AP, the STA may utilize the information transmitted by itself (e.g., information about whether frame/PPDU transmission is possible on the SCH and/or information about one or more SCHs performing backoff, etc.).
  • the STA may obtain a threshold for the first type of CCA or the second type of CCA for determining the state of the channel (i.e., whether the channel is busy or idle) on the SCH through a management frame (e.g., a beacon frame, etc.). That is, if a value measured by the STA on the SCH (e.g., RSSI or power related to the channel) exceeds the threshold, the channel state of the corresponding SCH may be determined to be busy.
  • a management frame e.g., a beacon frame, etc.
  • the EDCA parameter set for each SCH on which backoff is performed may be set to the EDCA parameter set in the PCH, the MU EDCA parameter set, or a new EDCA parameter set.
  • the EDCA parameter set may be applied identically or differently for all SCHs.
  • Example 5-1 relates to a method of performing backoff by dividing channels including BSS operating channels into multiple sets for efficient SCA.
  • information described below e.g., channel subset unit information, SCA channel bitmap size information, etc.
  • channel subset unit information e.g., SCA channel bitmap size information, etc.
  • an AP may announce information about bandwidth criteria (or units) for dividing the bandwidth of an entire BSS operating channel into one or more channel subsets for SCA (i.e., channel subset unit information).
  • the (sub)field size indicating channel subset unit information is 2 bits. If the (sub)field value indicating the channel subset unit information is 0 (i.e., if the (sub)field indicates no subset), this may mean that the BSS operating channel is not divided into one or more subsets. If the (sub)field value is 1, this may mean that the bandwidth criterion/unit value for dividing the BSS operating channel into one or more subsets is 40 MHz. If the (sub)field value is 2, this may mean that the bandwidth criterion/unit value for dividing the BSS operating channel into one or more subsets is 80 MHz. If the (sub)field value is 3, this may mean that the bandwidth criterion/unit value for dividing the BSS operating channel into one or more subsets is 160 MHz.
  • the (sub)field size indicating channel subset unit information may be set to 3 bits.
  • the bandwidth reference/unit value may be indicated as 320 MHz through the (sub)field.
  • the AP may notify the STA of the size of a bitmap (i.e., SCA channel bitmap size information) indicating one or more SCHs that serve as a reference when performing SCA (i.e., SCHs on which backoff is performed).
  • a bitmap i.e., SCA channel bitmap size information
  • the (sub)field size indicating the SCA channel bitmap size information is 2 bits. If the (sub)field value indicating the SCA channel bitmap size information is 0, this may mean that the SCA channel bitmap size is 4 bits. If the (sub)field value indicating the SCA channel bitmap size information is 1, this may mean that the SCA channel bitmap size is 8 bits. If the (sub)field value indicating the SCA channel bitmap size information is 2, this may mean that the SCA channel bitmap size is 16 bits. If the (sub)field value indicating the SCA channel bitmap size information is 3, this may mean that the SCA channel bitmap size is 32 bits.
  • P20 is not indicated through the SCA channel bitmap, the SCA channel bitmap size may be reduced by 1.
  • the (sub)field size indicating the SCA channel bitmap size information may vary depending on the BSS operating channel. For example, if the size of the BSS operating channel is 320 MHz, the SCA channel bitmap size may be set/determined to a maximum of 16 bits.
  • information indicating one or more SCHs to be used as a reference when performing SCA is configured as a bitmap
  • information for configuring/indicating/describes channel subsets may not be required. That is, it may not be necessary to configure a bitmap corresponding to each subset as a separate field.
  • information indicating one or more SCHs to be used as a reference when performing SCA is configured as a bitmap
  • a bit corresponding to a specific channel among the bitmaps is set to 1, it may mean that a backoff is performed on the corresponding channel. Additionally or alternatively, there may not be an SCH for which a backoff is performed within one channel subset.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a case where the bandwidth of a BSS operating channel is 160 MHz.
  • the shaded portion, excluding P20, may indicate an SCH that serves as a reference for SCA (i.e., an SCH that can perform backoff).
  • (a) of Fig. 14 illustrates a case where the channel subset unit is 40 MHz.
  • the bitmap may be set to "01101001".
  • the bitmap may be set to "01101001".
  • one or more SCHs to be used as a reference when performing SCA for all channel subsets may be expressed/set through one bitmap.
  • (b) of Fig. 14 illustrates a case where the channel subset unit is 80 MHz. If information indicating one or more SCHs that serve as references when performing P20 and SCA is configured as a bitmap, the bitmap may be set to "01001000". At this time, if P20 is not indicated through the bitmap, the bitmap may be set to "1001000". In other words, one or more SCHs that serve as references when performing SCA for all channel subsets may be expressed/set through one bitmap.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining an SCA channel bitmap when the bandwidth of a BSS operating channel is 320 MHz. That is, it is assumed that the bandwidth of the BSS operating channel is 320 MHz and the channel subset unit is 80 MHz.
  • the shaded portion may indicate a channel that is a reference for SCA (i.e., an SCH that can perform backoff).
  • the bitmap may be set to "0100100001001000".
  • P20 is not indicated through the bitmap
  • the bitmap may be set to "100100001001000”. That is, one or more SCHs to be used as criteria when performing SCA for all channel subsets may be expressed/set through one bitmap. That is, one or more SCHs to be used as criteria when performing SCA for all channel subsets may be expressed/set through one bitmap.
  • secondary channel access in various examples of the present disclosure enables efficient transmission/reception of frames/PPDUs on one or more secondary channels even when the primary channel is busy, thereby increasing utilization of channel resources.
  • Example 6 relates to a negotiation procedure performed by AP and STA for SCA.
  • the AP may transmit information related to SCA to the STA periodically or aperiodically.
  • the AP and the STA may perform negotiation based on the information related to SCA to identify/determine the secondary channel on which back-off will be performed.
  • an association request frame transmitted by the STA and an association response frame transmitted by the AP in response to the association request frame can be used in negotiations related to SCA.
  • a target wake time (TWT) setup frame may be used in negotiations involving SCA.
  • the TWT setup frame may be utilized for membership participation in a broadcast TWT operation or participation in an individual TWT operation.
  • new request frames and response frames for negotiation related to SCA may be defined.
  • the new request frames and response frames may be configured as management frames in the form of action frames.
  • SCA request frames and SCA response frames respectively.
  • SCA request frames and SCA response frames respectively.
  • the names of the SCA request frames and SCA response frames may be changed.
  • a join request/response frame, an SCA request/response frame or a TWT setup frame may be used for negotiation related to SCA.
  • the join request/response frame, the SCA request/response frame and the TWT setup frame may include information related to one or more secondary channels to perform back-off, a size of a bitmap when one or more secondary channels to perform back-off are indicated by a bitmap, a threshold value related to a CCA result of one or more secondary channels on which SCA is performed, or/and a status code.
  • information about one or more secondary channels on which back-off is to be performed may indicate i) on which secondary channel the back-off is to be performed based on the BSS operating channel or ii) the bandwidth available for transmitting frames/PPDUs on the SCH when SCA is performed.
  • one or more secondary channels to perform back-off may be configured/indicated via a bitmap. For example, if a bandwidth for transmitting a frame/PPDU on an SCH when a BSS operating channel or an SCA is performed is 160 MHz, information about one or more secondary channels to perform back-off may be an 8-bit bitmap, and each bit constituting the bitmap may correspond to a 20 MHz channel. That is, each bit of the bitmap may correspond to a channel constituting a bandwidth for transmitting a frame/PPDU on an SCH when a BSS operating channel or an SCA is performed.
  • the first bit of the bitmap may correspond to the 20 MHz channel of the highest frequency and the last bit of the bitmap may correspond to the 20 MHz channel of the lowest frequency.
  • the first bit value of the bitmap is 1 (or 0) and the remaining bit values are 0 (or 1), this may mean that the 20 MHz channel of the highest frequency is the secondary channel on which back-off will be performed.
  • the first bit of the bitmap may correspond to the 20 MHz channel of the lowest frequency
  • the last bit of the bitmap may correspond to the 20 MHz channel of the highest frequency
  • the bandwidth that serves as the basis for the bitmap is not limited to 20 MHz, and may be implemented as 40, 80, or 160 MHz, etc.
  • the combining request/response frame, the SCA request/response frame and the TWT setup frame may include information about the size of the bitmap. For example, if a subfield including information about the size of the bitmap is configured with 2 bits, an index of the subfield and information corresponding to the index (i.e., the bitmap size) may be configured as shown in Table 1 below. For example, if one or more secondary channels to perform back-off are indicated excluding a primary channel among BSS operating channels, 1 bit may be deducted for each bitmap size in Table 1.
  • information about the size of the bitmap included in the request frame may be determined/defined/set based on the bandwidth size of the BSS operating channel. For example, if the bandwidth of the BSS operating channel is 320 MHz, a maximum of 16 bits may be indicated as the size of the bitmap.
  • a threshold value related to a CCA result of one or more secondary channels on which SCA is performed may include a threshold value that serves as a criterion for determining a state of the channel through the CCA. That is, if a measurement value is acquired by performing CCA on one or more secondary channels, the AP or/and the STA may determine whether the state of the one or more secondary channels is busy or idle by comparing the measurement value with the threshold value.
  • the CCA may include a first type CCA or/and a second type CCA.
  • the threshold value which serves as a criterion for judging the state of the channel, may be determined/set as a fixed/predefined value (e.g., -82dbM or -72dbM, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, the threshold value, which serves as a criterion for judging the state of the channel, may be determined/set as a value that is obtained by adding/subtracting a variable value (e.g., 4dbm, 8dbm, etc.) to/from the fixed/predefined value. In this case, the AP may transmit to the STA only the value that is added/subtracted from the threshold value.
  • a variable value e.g., 4dbm, 8dbm, etc.
  • a status code may be included only in a response frame.
  • the status code may include information on whether to accept/reject information included in a request frame.
  • the status code may include information indicating that it rejects information included in a request frame while suggesting new information. That is, if the status code indicates that it suggests new information, the response frame may include information related to an SCA proposed by the receiving AP.
  • the status code field may be replaced with a TWT setup command field.
  • Example 6-2 describes a procedure for STA and AP to conduct negotiations related to SCA.
  • FIG. 16 assumes a case where the bandwidth of a BSS operating channel is 160 MHz.
  • An AP may transmit a beacon frame to an STA, and the beacon frame may include information related to SCA.
  • the information related to SCA may include a bandwidth size of a BSS operating channel, information on whether SCA is allowed, a maximum bandwidth size (e.g., 80 MHz) for transmitting a frame/PPDU according to SCA, and/or information on a channel on which back-off may be performed.
  • information about channels on which back-off can be performed can be configured in the form of a bitmap.
  • the bitmap is set to "01001000"
  • this may mean that secondary channels on which back-off can be performed are the second channel and the fifth channel.
  • the BSS operating channel is 160 MHz
  • each bit of the 8-bit bitmap may correspond to a 20 MHz channel.
  • each bit corresponding to the 20 MHz channel in the bitmap may be configured in ascending order from the frequency perspective (i.e., from the lowest frequency to the highest frequency).
  • the bitmap includes a bit corresponding to the primary channel, and if the primary channel (i.e., P20) is excluded, the bitmap may be set to "1001000".
  • the STA may transmit a request frame related to SCA to the AP based on information related to SCA received from the AP.
  • the request frame may include information about a channel on which back-off is to be performed, and the information about the channel on which back-off is to be performed may be set in a bitmap format. If the bitmap indicating the channel on which back-off is to be performed is set to "00001000", this may mean that the STA requests performance of back-off for SCA on the fifth channel.
  • the AP may transmit a response frame to the request frame to the STA. If the response frame includes information indicating that it acknowledges the request frame transmitted by the STA, the AP may perform a back-off procedure with the STA on the fifth channel to transmit the frame/PPDU (i.e., to perform SCA). Accordingly, the AP and the STA may be prevented from performing back-off on different channels.
  • an AP and a STA may transmit and receive a request frame and a response frame on a primary channel.
  • the state of one or more secondary channels may be determined based on a value calculated by performing a CCA (e.g., a CCA of the first type/second type) on one or more secondary channels, and a request/response frame may be transmitted and received on a channel whose channel state is idle among one or more secondary channels.
  • a CCA e.g., a CCA of the first type/second type
  • the AP and STA may perform negotiation related to SCA via the TWT setup frame.
  • the AP/STA may perform back-off on the fifth channel within the TWT service period (i.e., a negotiated period for frame exchange between the AP and STA) negotiated via the TWT setup frame.
  • the AP and the STA may negotiate to determine one or more secondary channels on which back-off will be performed.
  • the negotiation between the AP and the STA may be conducted via association request/response frames, request/response frames following the association procedure, or/and TWT setup frames.
  • secondary channel access in various examples of the present disclosure enables efficient transmission/reception of frames/PPDUs on one or more secondary channels even when the primary channel is busy, thereby increasing utilization of channel resources.
  • the scope of the present disclosure includes software or machine-executable instructions (e.g., an operating system, an application, firmware, a program, etc.) that cause operations according to the various embodiments to be executed on a device or a computer, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having such software or instructions stored thereon and executable on the device or computer.
  • Instructions that can be used to program a processing system to perform the features described in the present disclosure can be stored on/in a storage medium or a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product including such a storage medium can be used to implement the features described in the present disclosure.
  • the storage medium can include, but is not limited to, high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices, and can include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices.
  • the memory optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from the processor(s).
  • the memory or alternatively the non-volatile memory device(s) within the memory comprises a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
  • the features described in this disclosure may be incorporated into software and/or firmware stored on any one of the machine-readable media to control the hardware of the processing system and to allow the processing system to interact with other mechanisms that utilize results according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Such software or firmware may include, but is not limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems, and execution environments/containers.
  • the method proposed in this disclosure has been described with a focus on examples applied to IEEE 802.11-based systems, but can be applied to various wireless LANs or wireless communication systems in addition to IEEE 802.11-based systems.

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Abstract

Sont divulgués un procédé et un dispositif de fonctionnement dans un système LAN sans fil. Le procédé mis en œuvre par une station (STA) dans un système LAN sans fil, selon un mode de réalisation de la présente divulgation, comprend les étapes consistant à : transmettre, à un point d'accès (AP), une trame de demande associée à une procédure d'accès à un canal non primaire ; recevoir, en provenance de l'AP, une trame de réponse associée à l'acception ou à la non-acceptation de la trame de demande ; et mettre en œuvre une procédure d'accès non primaire sur la base de la trame de réponse, la trame de demande pouvant comprendre des informations associées à au moins un premier canal non primaire pour une procédure de réduction de puissance.
PCT/KR2024/008591 2023-07-03 2024-06-21 Procédé et dispositif d'accès à un canal secondaire dans un système lan sans fil Pending WO2025009790A1 (fr)

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US20230036941A1 (en) * 2018-08-23 2023-02-02 Lg Electronics Inc. Method and device for transmitting or receiving information about links in wireless lan system
KR20230049674A (ko) * 2020-09-04 2023-04-13 주식회사 윌러스표준기술연구소 무선 통신 시스템에서 데이터를 송수신하기 위한 방법 및 무선 통신 단말
WO2023080659A1 (fr) * 2021-11-03 2023-05-11 엘지전자 주식회사 Procédé et appareil pour effectuer une procédure de détection dans un système lan sans fil
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US20230036941A1 (en) * 2018-08-23 2023-02-02 Lg Electronics Inc. Method and device for transmitting or receiving information about links in wireless lan system
US20230171139A1 (en) * 2019-04-09 2023-06-01 Marvell Asia Pte Ltd Generation and Transmission of Physical Layer Data Units in a Composite Communication Channel in a Vehicular Communication Network
KR20230049674A (ko) * 2020-09-04 2023-04-13 주식회사 윌러스표준기술연구소 무선 통신 시스템에서 데이터를 송수신하기 위한 방법 및 무선 통신 단말
WO2023080659A1 (fr) * 2021-11-03 2023-05-11 엘지전자 주식회사 Procédé et appareil pour effectuer une procédure de détection dans un système lan sans fil

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