WO2025098965A1 - Building complex - Google Patents

Abstract

A building complex consists of at least one greened structure (20; 20a, 20b, 20c) and at least one residential and/or office building (12, 14) which has a non-greened façade and is adjacent to the greened structure (20); wherein the greened structure (20) preferably has at least one accessible useful area, the greened structure (20) is erected using a skeleton type of construction or as a freeform structure with prestressed concrete and the shortest distance (D) between the greened structure (20) and the at least one adjacent residential and/or office building (12, 14) is at most 20 metres, preferably 10 metres and particularly preferably 5 metres.

Description

Buildings s embl e

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a building ensemble consisting of at least one building with greenery and at least one residential and/or office building.

In cities in particular, efforts are being made to improve living comfort, especially on hot summer days. Residential buildings are being equipped with green facades, which improve both air quality throughout the urban area and the microclimate.

However, greening building facades is complex and, in practice, has often proven to be fraught with conflict regarding the required maintenance of the plants. Furthermore, implementing the necessary fire protection measures for a green facade is more complex.

Therefore, instead of green building facades, wire rope structures between buildings were proposed, to which green structures can be attached.

Description of the invention

The invention is based on the object of developing a structural concept with the help of which the air quality and the microclimate can be improved without having to green the facade of a residential building.

This object is achieved by a building ensemble having the features of claim 1. Preferred

Embodiments follow from the remaining claims. The building ensemble according to the invention consists of at least one building with greenery and at least one residential and/or office building without greenery on the facade, which is arranged adjacent to the building, wherein the building with greenery is constructed as a skeleton structure or as a free-form structure with prestressed concrete and the shortest distance between the building with foundation and the at least one adjacent residential and/or office building is a maximum of 20 meters, preferably 10 meters and particularly preferably 5 meters. The building with greenery preferably has at least one accessible usage area for people.

The reference to a residential and/or office building also includes buildings with partial commercial use and, in particular, buildings with shops that offer shopping facilities.

The at least one building with greenery is located adjacent to at least one such residential and/or office building without greenery on the facade, with the shortest distance between the building with greenery and the nearest residential and/or office building being a maximum of 20 meters.

The shortest distance within the meaning of the invention is the minimum clear distance between a part of the building with greenery and a part of the structure of the neighboring residential and/or office building.

The idea behind a green building located relatively close to a residential and/or office building is that the green building and the at least one residential and/or office building interact. The green building reduces dust pollution and lowers the temperature in the neighboring residential and/or office building, both through evaporation effects from the greenery and through shading of the neighboring residential and/or office building. Finally, in addition to the positive effects on the microclimate described above, the building with greenery also has the advantage that the C02 content in the surrounding air is reduced through the photosynthesis of the plants.

Furthermore, the building with greenery should preferably have at least one accessible area for people. A wide variety of uses can be envisaged here. Examples include a children's playground or a restaurant.

The building ensemble according to the invention can be created, on the one hand, by erecting the building with greenery adjacent to a residential and/or office building. However, it is equally possible, as part of the design of a new development, to construct at least one residential and/or office building and the building with greenery simultaneously and in a coordinated manner.

A further advantage of a building with greenery is that an architect has a great deal of freedom in the design, since the shape of the building is in principle arbitrary, as long as statics, personal safety and fire protection are guaranteed and building regulations are observed.

The most suitable position relative to the neighboring residential and/or office building is in the south or southwest relative to the residential and/or office building, since in this way the building with greenery can make the greatest possible contribution to shading if designed accordingly.

A further advantage of the invention is that, unlike conventional residential and/or office buildings, the floor plan of the building with greenery does not require consideration of the usual floor plan geometries suitable for residential purposes. For example, the at least one building with greenery can have a circular, triangular or diamond-shaped floor plan, which is usually avoided in conventional residential and/or office buildings because of the resulting limitations in terms of furnishing and interior design.

The building ensemble according to the invention also offers increased freedom in terms of planting, since, unlike a conventional green facade, the plants selected according to aesthetic and climatic aspects can be brought to the fore and the building with greenery can be designed in such a way that the desired plants have good development opportunities.

A further design freedom arises with regard to the settlement of insects, the settlement of which is fraught with conflict in conventional residential and/or office buildings with green facades, because on the one hand, without the provision of insect screens, the quality of living suffers when insects settle in the immediate vicinity of the living spaces, and on the other hand, the possible uses of balconies in buildings with green facades, for example the use for eating meals outdoors, can be limited.

Preferably, the structure with greenery also includes an irrigation system, which can preferably also be used for fire protection. This allows intelligently controlled plant irrigation to be effectively combined with irrigation in the event of a fire.

According to a first alternative, preferred design of the building ensemble, the structure is located as a stand-alone structure adjacent to at least one residential and/or office building. Thus, no structural or static connection to one or more neighboring residential and/or office buildings is provided, but the shortest possible distance to at least one neighboring residential and/or office building is to be maintained. According to a second, alternative preferred embodiment of the building ensemble, this further comprises connecting elements between the building with greenery and at least one of the adjacent residential and/or office buildings, in particular a cable and/or a walkable bridge.

The provision of a rope and in particular a wire rope construction can on the one hand improve the static stability of the building with greenery, but on the other hand also serve to attach other structures that can be greened. In particular, climbing plants can be used here, which can find support on a net that can be attached to the wire rope construction. The provision of one or more bridges between the neighboring residential and/or office building can be used to reach one or more accessible areas for people in the building with greenery from the residential and/or office building, such as a playground, a restaurant, a beer garden or a viewing area. The connecting elements can of course be combined with one another and, for example, a wire rope construction can be stretched to the neighboring residential and/or office building, while one or more accessible bridges are provided to another residential and/or office building in the building ensemble.

Preferably, the building with greenery comprises several levels accessible and preferably usable by people.

It is preferred that the height of the building with grounds exceeds its largest horizontal dimension by at least a factor of 2 and preferably a factor of 4. The building with greenery is therefore preferably designed as a tower, which has the advantage that, particularly in a densely populated inner-city area, only a small floor area is required, while a high degree of Greenery, but also a larger number of vertical levels can be provided that are accessible and usable by people.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the building with greening is constructed in a skeleton construction, with individual elements made of wood with weather protection or steel with corrosion protection or stainless steel or reinforced concrete being connected to one another by means of connecting elements.

The skeleton construction method makes it possible to easily create a building with greenery in an already built-up urban area.

Preferably, the building with greenery includes stairs or a passenger elevator. A tower-like design of the building with greenery allows easy access to individual levels.

Preferably, the building with greenery features at least one balcony or viewing platform. This represents a further advantage of the building ensemble, as residents of the residential and/or office building who live on a lower floor can also have the opportunity to spend their leisure time in an area with improved views or greater natural light via the connection to the building with greenery.

In order to provide good shading for the neighboring residential and/or office building, the building with greenery can be higher than the neighboring residential and/or office building.

In terms of plants, traditional residential buildings with green facades primarily use climbing plants, grasses, and ground cover. However, the building with greenery can be designed in such a way that shrubs and trees are planted, which creates a People living or working there have the special perception of no longer being in a densely built-up urban area, but in a green space. This impression is also particularly likely when the building complex includes not just one building with greenery, but several buildings with greenery.

A targeted design can therefore be carried out in such a way that several buildings with greenery, for example several towers, which are different in terms of their height, shape or use, are connected to one another, for example by footpaths, bridges or suspension bridges.

Short description of the characters

The invention is described below purely by way of example with reference to some drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a building ensemble according to the invention according to a first embodiment;

Fig. 2 shows a modification of the embodiment according to Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of a building ensemble according to the invention with a free-form structure with greenery;

Fig. 4 shows a modification of the second embodiment according to Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 shows a third embodiment of the invention with a complex shape of the building with greenery; Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of a building ensemble according to the invention with several buildings with greenery; and

Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of a building ensemble according to the invention comprising several buildings with greenery.

Ways of implementing the invention

In the following figures, the same components or structures are designated by the same reference numbers.

Fig. 1 shows a building ensemble 10 comprising a first residential and/or office building 12 and a second residential and/or office building 14, as well as a structure 20 with greenery. Individual usage areas and a green roof 24 are shown in Fig. 1 for the second residential and/or office building 14. In the same way, however, the first residential and/or office building 12 can also have various usage options, whereby the usage options described below are to be understood purely as examples.

The second residential and/or office building 14 comprises several levels, which may include, for example, apartments 16, offices 17, shops 15 (preferably located on the ground floor), or a daycare center 19. Commercial units may also include, for example, a restaurant 18 or a level designed as a conference center.

The second residential and/or office building 14 has no green façade except for an optionally green roof 24, but is arranged adjacent to the building 20 with greenery, wherein the shortest distance D between the building 20 with greenery and the second residential and/or office building 14 is a maximum of 20 meters and preferably a maximum of 10 meters.

The building 20 with greenery has various usage levels 26 and a roof with greenery 24. Various of the usage levels 26 can be reached from the second residential and/or office building 14 via bridges 28. For example, the daycare center 19 can be linked to a children's playground via a first bridge, which also has a balcony 34 on the building 20 with greenery. The level in the second residential and/or office building intended for conferences is connected via a second bridge to a recreation room with plants on a level of the building 20 with greenery, and the restaurant 18, which is also intended on a level of the second residential and/or office building, is connected by a third bridge to a usage level in the building 20 with greenery, which can be used, for example, as a beer garden and can also have either a balcony 34 or a viewing area.

Structure 20 with greenery can be constructed using a skeleton construction method, with individual elements connected to one another using a suitable connection technique, usually with screws. The individual elements can be made of any material, although weather-resistant wood, corrosion-resistant steel, or reinforced concrete are particularly preferred.

With regard to the floor plan of the building 20 with greenery, which is not shown in the sectional view in Fig. 1, any floor plan design is conceivable, such as circular, triangular, square, diamond-shaped or polynomial-shaped, to name just a few examples.

It should also be mentioned that in the exemplary embodiment according to Fig . 1, the building 20 with greenery has the same height as the first residential and/or office building 12 and the second residential and/or office building 14 . In the same way, however, a different height, i.e. greater or lesser height, can also be provided for all three buildings provided in the building ensemble 10.

Irrigation in structure 20 with greenery is provided by a sprinkler system, which can preferably be used both for watering the plants and for firefighting. Alternatively, it is also possible to provide two separate systems. Since antifreeze cannot be used in winter with an irrigation system, either trace heating can be provided or the water pipe system can be self-draining. A self-draining water pipe system is only used to water the plants and fight flames and is otherwise empty. One possible concept for implementing a self-draining water pipe system is to have the supply connection at the highest point of the water pipe system and to provide uninterrupted gradients below the highest point so that the water pipe system can be completely drained.

The design according to Fig. 2 differs from that according to Fig. 1 only in that the structure 20 with greenery is additionally connected to the first residential and/or office building 12 via wire ropes 30. A net 32 can be stretched across the wire ropes 30, which net serves for greenery, in particular by climbing plants.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 3, the building 20 with greenery is a stand-alone structure, however, the minimum distance D to the first residential and/or office building 12 is a maximum of 20 meters. The building 20 with greenery is preferably constructed as a free-form structure from prestressed concrete elements and is provided with vegetation on the top. Various usage areas, such as benches or a children's playground, can be created under the roof formed by the prestressed concrete structure. The building 20 according to Fig. 3, as well as at least one of the buildings 20 in all embodiments explained below, is in climatic interaction with at least one neighboring residential and/or office building.

The embodiment according to Fig. 4 differs from that according to Fig. 3 in that the free form of the structure 20 with foundation, formed from prestressed concrete elements, has a dome-shaped design and also covers an area intended for use which is accessible to people at ground level.

A variant of the design shown in Fig. 4 is shown in Fig. 5 and consists in that a tower structure 38 is located on the dome-shaped free-form surface 36 of the building 20 with greenery. This tower structure 38, unlike the dome structure 36, cannot have an accessible area of use for people, but serves exclusively for the settlement of plants and insects. Areas inaccessible to people can serve as a settlement for bird species and provide breeding opportunities. Various levels are provided in the area of the dome structure 36, which in the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 5 are provided in the area of a girder 42 of the dome structure 36 and are accessible via stairs 40. Any number of possible uses are also conceivable in the design according to Fig. 5 at a close distance to the first residential and/or office building 12.

The embodiment according to Fig. 6 differs from the preceding embodiments in that in the area of the building ensemble 10 there are several structures 20a, 20b with greenery, which in the cross-sectional view shown in Fig. 6 have a conical shape and different heights. Both structures 20a, 20b are divided into different levels, the accessibility of which for people is not shown in Fig. 6. is, but can be realized by providing stairs or a passenger elevator (not shown). Several buildings with greenery can be optimized in their interaction with the neighboring residential and/or office buildings, with each building having a special focus on a task, such as shading, creating a pleasant microclimate, attracting insects or providing usable spaces.

The embodiment according to Fig. 7 shows a further building ensemble with three greening structures 20a, 20b, and 20c, wherein the greening structure 20a is adjacent to and arranged at a close distance from the first residential and/or office building 12. All three structures 20a, 20b, and 20c have a similar shape, but differ from one another in terms of their height and width. All three greening structures 20a, 20b, and 20c are accessible via spiral staircases 40, whereby different levels can be reached in the building 20a.

In particular, Fig. 7 makes it clear that, unlike conventional residential and/or office buildings with a green facade, the building ensemble according to the invention has significantly fewer restrictions with regard to the design of the building with greenery and can therefore be designed freely by an architect with regard to the overall visual impression, the desired greenery and the desired use.

Where stairs 40 were depicted in the preceding figures, it should be clear that an elevator can also be provided in the same way so that people with walking difficulties can reach the various levels. Providing an elevator can also be helpful in facilitating plant care. All the designs presented have in common the close connection to at least one residential and/or office building, which allows the desired advantages in terms of shading and the creation of a pleasant microclimate to be achieved.

Reference character list

10 building ensemble

12 first residential and/or office building

14 second residential and/or office building

15 commercial space

16 apartments

17 office spaces

18 restaurants

19 Daycare Center

20 Building with greenery

20a, 20b, 20c Buildings with greenery

24 green roofs

26 usage levels

27 Children's playground

28 Bridge

30 wire ropes

32 network

34 Balcony

36 Dome construction

38 Tower construction

40 stairs

42 beam

D shortest distance

Claims

Claims 1. Building ensemble consisting of: at least one building (20; 20a, 20b, 20c) with greenery, and at least one residential and/or office building (12, 14) without greenery on the facade, which is arranged adjacent to the building with greenery (20); wherein the building (20) with greenery preferably has at least one walkable usage area; and the building (20) with greenery is constructed in a skeleton construction or as a free-form structure with prestressed concrete; and the shortest distance (D) between the building (20) with greenery and the at least one adjacent residential and/or office building (12, 14) is a maximum of 20 meters, preferably 10 meters, and particularly preferably 5 meters. 2. Building ensemble according to claim 1, characterized in that the structure (20) with greenery comprises an irrigation device, which can preferably also be used for fire protection. 3. Building ensemble according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the building (20) with greenery is arranged as a stand-alone structure adjacent to the at least one residential and/or office building (12, 14). 4. Building ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising connecting elements (28, 30) between the building (20) with greenery and at least one of the adjacent residential and/or office buildings (12, 14), in particular a cable (30) or a walkable bridge (28). 5. Building ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising connecting elements (28, 30) between the building (20) with greenery and several adjacently arranged buildings (18, 20). 6. Building ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building (20) with greenery comprises several levels (26) accessible and preferably usable by people. 7. Building ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure (20) with greenery is erected in a skeleton construction, wherein individual elements made of wood with weather protection or steel with corrosion protection or stainless steel or reinforced concrete are connected to one another by means of connecting elements. 8. Building ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height of the building (20) with greenery exceeds its largest horizontal dimension by at least a factor of 2 and preferably a factor of 4. 9. Building ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure (20) with greenery comprises stairs (40) or a passenger elevator. 10. Building ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building (20) with greenery has at least one balcony (34) or a viewing platform.