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WO2025092769A1 - 一种gip和glp-1的双受体激动剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种gip和glp-1的双受体激动剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025092769A1
WO2025092769A1 PCT/CN2024/128311 CN2024128311W WO2025092769A1 WO 2025092769 A1 WO2025092769 A1 WO 2025092769A1 CN 2024128311 W CN2024128311 W CN 2024128311W WO 2025092769 A1 WO2025092769 A1 WO 2025092769A1
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Prior art keywords
fmoc
aib
lys
preparation
protected
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋云松
叶园园
蔡悦
陈相鍫
周顺
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Brightgene Pharmaceutical Suzhou Co Ltd
Brightgene Bio Medical Technology Co Ltd
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Brightgene Pharmaceutical Suzhou Co Ltd
Brightgene Bio Medical Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
    • C07K1/04General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length on carriers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
    • C07K1/06General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length using protecting groups or activating agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/575Hormones
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/575Hormones
    • C07K14/605Glucagons
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the technical field of drug synthesis, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1.
  • Obesity and diabetes are increasingly serious global health problems, which are associated with a variety of other diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), obstructive sleep apnea, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, microvascular complications and osteoarthritis. Therefore, the development of new therapies and therapeutic drugs for obesity, diabetes and their complications is of great significance to improving human health.
  • CVD cardiovascular disease
  • obstructive sleep apnea obstructive sleep apnea
  • stroke obstructive sleep apnea
  • peripheral arterial disease obstructive sleep apnea
  • microvascular complications osteoarthritis
  • Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide is a 42 amino acid gastrointestinal regulatory peptide that plays physiological roles in glucose homeostasis by stimulating the secretion of insulin from pancreatic ⁇ cells in the presence of glucose and protecting pancreatic ⁇ cells.
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a 37 amino acid peptide that stimulates insulin secretion, protects pancreatic ⁇ cells, and inhibits glucagon secretion, gastric emptying and food intake, leading to weight loss.
  • GIP and GLP-1 are secreted by the K cells and L cells of the small intestinal endothelium, respectively, and are known as incretins, and incretin receptor signaling plays key physiological relevant roles in glucose homeostasis.
  • GIP insulin secretion
  • the compound of formula I below is a dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1:
  • the agonist exhibits an excellent hypoglycemic effect.
  • the synthesis of the compound of formula I mainly adopts the conventional Fmoc method solid phase synthesis to step-by-step couple a single protected amino acid and a side chain fragment.
  • the yield and purity of the crude product are limited.
  • the present disclosure has conducted extensive research on the preparation method of the compound of formula I and found that the reason why the crude compound of formula I prepared by the conventional method has limited purity and yield is that when gradually coupling a single protected amino acid and a side chain fragment, there are mainly problems such as difficulty in amino acid condensation and generation of more impurities, for example:
  • Lys side chain modification is usually used, and the Lys side chain amino group is specially protected. After the peptide condensation is completed, the side chain protecting group is removed before the side chain modification.
  • Lys side chain protecting groups in peptide solid phase synthesis are Dde, ivDde, and Alloc. When Dde and ivDde are used for protection, each time piperidine is used to remove the Fmoc protecting group, a small amount of Dde and ivDde will be removed in each cycle. When the sequence is long, a series of impurities will be generated, which will eventually lead to a decrease in the purity of the crude product.
  • the present disclosure provides a new preparation method for the compound of formula I, by replacing the single protected amino acid Aib with a protected polypeptide fragment containing the amino acid residue Aib, and in the overall preparation process, first modifying the lysine side chain and then connecting the main chain amino acids and the polypeptide fragment, the condensation efficiency can be effectively improved, the generation of impurities can be reduced, the purity of the crude product can be improved, the pure product can be more easily separated by HPLC purification, the yield of the finished product can be improved, and at the same time, the central control process of the entire reaction can be simplified, thereby reducing the overall production cost of the product.
  • the preparation method comprises the following steps:
  • Fmoc-Lys(R1)-OH was connected to the resin, the R1 protecting group was removed, and the tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu fragment was directly condensed to obtain a Lys resin complex with a modified ⁇ -amino group on the side chain;
  • the R1 is selected from any one of Dde, ivDde, Mtt, MMt, Trt, Adpoc, Bpoc and Ddz.
  • the deprotecting agent is a DMF solution containing 0.5% to 5% by volume of hydrazine hydrate, and the removal reaction time is 1 min to 30 min; preferably, a DMF solution containing 2% by volume of hydrazine hydrate is used, and the removal reaction is repeated 3 times, each time for 5 min;
  • the deprotecting agent is a mixture of DCM, AcOH and TFE
  • the volume ratio of DCM, AcOH and TFE is (4-8.5): (0.5-2): (1-4)
  • the reaction time of the removal is 0.5h-12h; preferably, the volume ratio of DCM, AcOH and TFE is 7:1:2, and the reaction time of the removal is 2h;
  • the deprotecting agent is a DMF solution containing 5% to 50% by volume of piperidine; preferably, a DMF solution containing 20% by volume of piperidine is used;
  • the deprotecting agent is a DCM solution containing 5% to 50% by volume of acetic acid or a DCM solution containing 2% to 5% by volume of TFA;
  • the deprotecting agent is TFA containing 2% to 5% by volume of DCM solution.
  • the corresponding protected amino acids and Aib 13 polypeptide fragment and Aib 2 polypeptide fragment are sequentially condensed onto the unprotected Lys resin complex with the modified ⁇ -amino group on the side chain to obtain the fully protected resin peptide of the compound of formula I.
  • the protected amino acid includes any one or more of Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Pro-OH, Fmoc-Ala-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH, Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH and Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH.
  • the condensation reagent is selected from any one or more of HBTU, DIEA, HATU, HOAT, HOBT and DIC.
  • the lysis solution is a mixture of: TFA/TIS/water, or TFA/phenol/thioanisole/water/EDT;
  • the volume ratio of TFA/TIS/water is (90-95):(1-5):(1-5), and the volume ratio of TFA/phenol/thioanisole/water/EDT is (80-95):(1-5):(1-5):(1-5):(1-5), and further preferably, the volume ratio of TFA/TIS/water is 95:2.5:2.5, and the volume ratio of TFA/phenol/thioanisole/water/EDT is 82.5:5:5:5:2.5.
  • a dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1 wherein the dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1 is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of [1] to [9], and the purity of the dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1 is greater than or equal to 60%.
  • the preparation method of the compound of formula I first modifies the lysine side chain and then gradually connects the single amino acids or amino acid fragments of the main chain. While improving the synthesis efficiency, it effectively reduces the impurities generated in the synthesis process, thereby improving the purity and yield of the crude product, and greatly reducing the impurity content in the crude product, thereby improving the purity and safety of the final drug.
  • the lysine side chain is modified first, the impurities generated by the accidental removal of the lysine side chain protecting group in the process of connecting each amino acid when synthesizing a long main chain peptide segment are reduced.
  • the modification methods for the lysine side chain are flexible and diverse.
  • the protected lysine can be connected to the resin first, and then the lysine side chain can be modified.
  • the lysine side chain modified fragment and lysine can be connected in reverse first, and then connected to the resin, in preparation for the subsequent amino acid main chain synthesis.
  • the use of lysine containing the protecting group Alloc is avoided, so that when the protecting group is subsequently removed, there is no need to use a Pd catalyst, thereby avoiding the production of allylamine derivatives that are similar in polarity to the compound of Formula I and are difficult to separate. Biological impurities.
  • a protected polypeptide fragment containing Aib amino acid residues is used to replace a single protected Aib, so that it is easier to condense during the amino acid main chain synthesis process and makes the reaction control process simpler and easier.
  • FIG. 1 is a liquid chromatogram of the crude product obtained in Example 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a liquid chromatogram of the crude product obtained in Example 2.
  • FIG3 is a liquid chromatogram of the crude product obtained in the comparative example.
  • FIG. 4 is a liquid chromatogram comparison of the crude product obtained in the comparative example and the crude products obtained in Example 1 and Example 2.
  • the term “a” or “an” or “the” may mean “one”, and may also mean “one or more”, “at least one” and “one or more than one”.
  • the terms “comprising”, “having”, “including” or “containing” may refer to being inclusive or open-ended, not excluding additional, uncited elements or method steps. At the same time, “comprising”, “having”, “including” or “containing” may also refer to being closed-ended, excluding additional, uncited elements or method steps.
  • the term "about” means that a value includes the standard deviation of the error of the device or method used to determine the value.
  • the numerical ranges and parameters used to define the present disclosure are approximate values, and the relevant values in the specific embodiments have been presented as accurately as possible. Unless otherwise expressly stated, it should be understood that all ranges, quantities, values and percentages used in the present disclosure are modified by "about”.
  • the term "agonist” refers to a substance (ligand) that activates signaling through the target receptor type.
  • the agonist has the activation activity of the GLP-1 receptor, such as a GLP-1 polypeptide or an analog thereof.
  • protected amino acid refers to an amino acid derivative in which the activity of the amino acid functional group is blocked by reacting the functional group with the protecting group
  • protected polypeptide fragment refers to a polypeptide derivative in which the activity of the functional group of the amino acid residue in the polypeptide is blocked by reacting the functional group with the protecting group
  • Aib 13 polypeptide fragment and Aib 2 polypeptide fragment refer to protected polypeptide fragments of Aib containing the 13th and 2nd positions from the N-terminus to the C-terminus in the amino acid sequence, respectively.
  • DIEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine
  • DIC N,N-diisopropylcarbodiimide
  • HOBT N-hydroxybenzotriazole
  • DCM dichloromethane
  • TFA trifluoroacetic acid
  • DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
  • Fmoc-AEEEA-OH [2-[2-[2-(Fmoc-amino)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetic acid
  • MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether
  • TIS triisopropylsilane
  • NMM N-methylmorpholine
  • HBTU benzotriazole-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
  • HATU 2-(7-azabenzotriazole)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
  • HOAT N-hydroxy
  • the dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1 described in the present disclosure is a compound shown in the following formula I:
  • amino acid sequence from amino acid 1 to amino acid 39 in the compound of formula I is shown in SEQ ID NO.1:
  • the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1, wherein the dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1 is a compound of formula I, and the preparation method comprises the following steps (i) to (iv):
  • the method provided by the present disclosure first modifies the lysine side chain and then gradually connects single amino acids or amino acid fragments of the main chain, which effectively reduces impurities generated during the synthesis process while improving the synthesis efficiency and improving the purity of the crude product.
  • the (i) comprises the following steps: connecting R1-Lys(Fmoc)-OH to a resin, removing the Fmoc protecting group, and sequentially condensing Fmoc-AEEEA-OH, Fmoc-AEEEA-OH, Fmoc-Glu-OtBu and tBuO-Ara(OH), or directly condensing tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu fragments to obtain a side chain modified ⁇ -amino protected Lys resin complex, wherein R1 is selected from any one of Dde, ivDde, Mtt, MMt, Trt, Adpoc, Bpoc and Ddz.
  • R1 when R1 is Dde, Fmoc is first removed, and Fmoc-AEEEA-OH, Fmoc-AEEEA-OH, Fmoc-Glu-OtBu and tBuO-Ara(OH) are condensed in sequence for side chain modification, and then Dde is removed, and it is condensed with protected amino acids and Aib 13 polypeptide fragments and Aib 2 polypeptide fragments.
  • the (i) comprises the following steps: connecting Fmoc-Lys(R1)-OH to a resin, removing the R1 protecting group, and directly condensing tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu fragments to obtain a side chain modified ⁇ -amino protected Lys resin complex, wherein R1 is selected from any one of Dde, ivDde, Mtt, MMt, Trt, Adpoc, Bpoc and Ddz.
  • the preparation method provided by the present disclosure avoids the use of protected Lys containing the protecting group Alloc in the above process, so that when the protecting group is subsequently removed, there is no need to use a Pd catalyst, thereby avoiding the generation of allylamine derivative impurities that are similar in polarity to the compound of formula I and are difficult to separate.
  • the (i) comprises the following steps: preparing Fmoc-Lys(tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu), connecting it to a resin, and obtaining a Lys resin complex with a side chain modified and an ⁇ -amino group protected.
  • This scheme can further improve the purity of the crude product of the dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1.
  • the preparation method provided by the present disclosure first synthesizes a lysine side chain fragment, then connects the side chain fragment to the lysine side chain, and finally connects to the resin.
  • a lysine side chain fragment For the specific preparation process of the lysine side chain fragment, reference can be made to the conventional synthesis method of the side chain fragment in the prior art, or to ZL201510619012.7, the contents of which are incorporated into the present disclosure by reference.
  • a deprotecting agent is used to remove the protecting group of the ⁇ -amino group.
  • the present disclosure does not particularly limit the specific selection of the deprotecting agent, and those skilled in the art can select the deprotecting agent according to the specific protecting group to be removed.
  • the deprotecting agent when the protecting group of the ⁇ -amino group is Dde or ivDde, the deprotecting agent is a DMF solution containing 0.5% to 5% by volume of hydrazine hydrate, for example, the deprotecting agent is a DMF solution containing 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% or 5% by volume of hydrazine hydrate, and the reaction time of the removal is 1 min to 30 min, for example, the reaction time of the removal is 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min or 30 min, etc.
  • the deprotecting agent is a DMF solution containing 2% by volume of hydrazine hydrate
  • the deprotection reaction is performed 3 times, and the reaction time of each removal is 5 min.
  • the deprotecting agent is a mixture of DCM, AcOH and TFE
  • the volume ratio of DCM, AcOH and TFE is (4-8.5): (0.5-2): (1-4)
  • the reaction time of the removal is 0.5h-12h, for example, the reaction time of the removal is 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, 8h, 9h, 10h, 11h or 12h, etc.
  • the deprotecting agent is a mixture of DCM, AcOH and TFE, the volume ratio of DCM, AcOH and TFE is 7:1:2, and the reaction time of the removal is 2h.
  • the deprotecting agent when the protecting group of the ⁇ -amino group is Fmoc, the deprotecting agent is a DMF solution containing 5% to 50% piperidine by volume, for example, the deprotecting agent is a DMF solution containing 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50% piperidine by volume. In some preferred embodiments, when the protecting group of the ⁇ -amino group is Fmoc, the deprotecting agent is a DMF containing 20% piperidine by volume.
  • the deprotecting agent when the protecting group of the ⁇ -amino group is MMT or Trt, is a DCM solution containing 5% to 50% by volume of acetic acid or a DCM solution containing 2% to 5% by volume of TFA, for example, the deprotecting agent is a DCM solution containing 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50% by volume of acetic acid, or a DCM solution containing 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% or 5% by volume of TFA.
  • the deprotecting agent when the protecting group of the ⁇ -amino group is Adpoc, Bpoc or Ddz, the deprotecting agent is a DCM solution containing 2% to 5% TFA by volume, for example, the deprotecting agent is a DCM solution containing 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% or 5% TFA by volume.
  • the (iii) comprises the following steps: according to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1, starting from the C-terminus, the corresponding protected amino acids and Aib 13 polypeptide fragment and Aib 2 polypeptide fragment are sequentially condensed onto the unprotected Lys resin complex with the modified ⁇ -amino group of the side chain to obtain a fully protected resin peptide of the compound of formula I.
  • the preparation method provided by the present disclosure avoids the use of a single protected Aib in the above process, thereby avoiding the problem of long and incomplete reaction time and generation of more impurities when condensing the subsequent protected amino acid due to the large steric hindrance of Aib.
  • the reaction mid-control process no longer needs to detect the amino group of Aib, that is, the mid-control can be achieved using a simple colorimetric reagent, thereby improving the overall production efficiency of the compound.
  • the present disclosure uses a protected polypeptide fragment containing Aib amino acid residues to replace a single protected Aib.
  • the length of the segment is not particularly limited in the present disclosure. It is preferred to use a protected polypeptide fragment containing at least one amino acid residue at the N-terminal of the Aib amino acid residue, and it is also preferred to use a protected polypeptide fragment containing 2 to 4 amino acid residues.
  • the Aib 13 polypeptide fragment is Fmoc-Ile-Aib-OH or Fmoc-Ile-Aib-Leu-OH.
  • the Aib 2 polypeptide fragment is Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OH, Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-OH or Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-OH.
  • the protected amino acid includes any one or more of Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Pro-OH, Fmoc-Ala-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH, Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH and Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH.
  • a certain protected amino acid can be used once or repeatedly, as long as it can be combined with the Aib 13 polypeptide fragment and the Aib 2 polypeptide fragment to obtain the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1.
  • the protected amino acid includes Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Pro-OH, Fmoc-Ala-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH, Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH, and Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-
  • the protected amino acid includes Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Pro-OH, Fmoc-Ala-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH, Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH, and Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH.
  • a condensation reagent is used.
  • the condensation reagent is selected from any one or more of HBTU, DIEA, HATU, HOAT, HOBT and DIC.
  • the condensation reagent is selected from any one of the mixtures HBTU/DIEA, HATU/DIEA, HOAT/DIC and HOBT/DIC.
  • the resin includes Rink Amide Resin, Rink Amide-AM Resin, Rink Amide-MBHA Resin, and Sieber Amide Resin.
  • the cleavage solution is selected from any one of the following mixtures: TFA/phenol/thioanisole/TIS/water, TFA/phenol/thioanisole/water/EDT, TFA/TIS/water and TFA/TIS/EDT/water/thioanisole.
  • the cleavage solution is the following mixture: TFA/TIS/water, or TFA/phenol/thioanisole/water/EDT.
  • the volume ratio of TFA/TIS/water is (90-95): (1-5): (1-5), preferably 95:2.5:2.5
  • the volume ratio of TFA/phenol/thioanisole/water/EDT is (80-95): (1-5): (1-5): (1-5): (1-5), preferably 82.5:5:5:5:2.5.
  • the preparation method provided by the present disclosure may also include other steps, such as preparing protected polypeptide fragments.
  • the cleavage product containing the compound of formula I is further included to precipitate, wash and optionally purify the cleavage product.
  • the present disclosure also provides a dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1 prepared by the above method.
  • the dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1 prepared by the above method is an enrichment, that is, a crude dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1, which inevitably contains impurities generated during the preparation process.
  • the types and quantities of impurities in the dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1 (crude product) prepared by the above method provided by the present disclosure are significantly reduced, and the purity of the dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1 is higher.
  • the purity of the dual receptor agonist of GIP and GLP-1 is greater than or equal to 60%; preferably greater than or equal to 63%, more preferably greater than or equal to 65%.
  • Fmoc-Ile-Aib-OtBu was dissolved in dichloromethane, TFA was added, and after the reaction was completed under TLC monitoring, the mixture was washed with purified water, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to dryness to obtain Fmoc-Ile-Aib-OH.
  • Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OH is as follows:
  • Boc-Tyr(tBu)-OH 1.0 eq) in dichloromethane, add DIEA (2.0 eq), DIC (1.5 eq), HOBT (1.5 eq), H-Aib-OBzl.HCl (1.1 eq), monitor the reaction by TLC, concentrate to remove DCM, add ethyl acetate, wash with dilute hydrochloric acid, wash with saturated sodium bicarbonate, dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrate to dryness to obtain Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OBzl;
  • Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OBzl was dissolved in methanol, Pd/C was added, hydrogen was introduced under normal pressure, and after the reaction was completed under TLC monitoring, the mixture was filtered and concentrated to dryness to obtain Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OH.
  • step 1) of this example was carried out by referring to the method in step 1) of example 2.
  • step 3) preparing a fully protected resin peptide of the compound of formula I, the specific process is the same as step 3) of Example 3, wherein the difference is that Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-OH is used instead of Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-OH;
  • the ⁇ -amino protecting group and the side-chain amino protecting group in the Lys-protected amino acid can also be ivDde, MMt, Trt, Adpoc, Bpoc or Ddz, and it is sufficient to ensure that the ⁇ -amino protecting group and the side-chain amino protecting group are different, and the corresponding deprotecting agent can be used for deprotection in the subsequent steps.
  • the preparation of the compound of formula I in this comparative example comprises the following steps:
  • Fmoc-Rink MBHA Amide resin was used to remove the Fmoc protecting group, DMF containing 20% by volume of piperidine was used, HOBT/DIC was used as the coupling reagent, DMF was used as the reaction solvent, and the reaction was monitored by the ninhydrin detection method.
  • the allylamine impurity has a similar polarity to the product and is difficult to separate, which brings inconvenience to the purification.
  • the impurity transfer caused by removing Alloc is as follows:
  • FIG. 4 is a liquid chromatogram comparison of the crude product obtained in the comparative example and the crude products obtained in Example 1 and Example 2.
  • the purity of the compound of formula I obtained by the prior art process is about 49%, and the purity of the compound of formula I in the crude product obtained by the process provided by the present disclosure is 66-73%, and the purity of the crude product is increased by 17-24%.
  • the present invention improves the existing preparation method by first modifying the lysine side chain and then performing amino acid condensation, and using short peptides to replace some single amino acids, avoiding the use of the protecting group Alloc, avoiding the generation of two impurities, and effectively improving the purity of the crude product.

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Abstract

一种GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂的制备方法。提供的制备方法采用含有Aib氨基酸残基的保护多肽片段替代单个保护氨基酸Aib,并在整体制备过程中,使用先对赖氨酸侧链进行修饰,然后再连接主链氨基酸和多肽片段的方式,可以有效提高缩合效率,减少杂质产生,提高产品纯度,通过HPLC纯化更易分离出纯品,提高成品收率,同时使整个反应的中控过程更加简便,降低产品的整体生产成本。

Description

一种GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂的制备方法
相关申请的引用
本公开要求于2023年11月2日提交中国专利局、申请号为202311449055.6、发明名称为“一种GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂的制备方法”的发明专利申请的优先权,通过引用将其全部内容结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开属于药物合成技术领域,具体涉及一种GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂的制备方法。
背景技术
肥胖和糖尿病是日益严重的全球健康问题,其与多种其他疾病相关,包括心血管疾病(Cardiovascular disease,CVD)、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停、中风、外周动脉疾病、微血管并发症和骨关节炎等。因此,针对肥胖、糖尿病及其并发症开发新的疗法和治疗药物,对于改善人类健康具有重要意义。
葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素肽(glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide,GIP)是42个氨基酸的胃肠调节肽,其通过在葡萄糖存在下刺激从胰腺β细胞分泌胰岛素以及保护胰腺β细胞,在葡萄糖内稳态中发挥生理作用。胰高血糖素样肽-1(Glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)是37个氨基酸的肽,其刺激胰岛素分泌、保护胰腺β细胞、并抑制胰高血糖素分泌、胃排空和食物摄入,导致体重减轻。GIP和GLP-1分别由小肠内皮的K细胞和L细胞分泌,被称为肠促胰岛素,肠促胰岛素受体信号传导对葡萄糖内稳态发挥关键的生理相关作用。
研究表明,如果降糖到一定程度可以恢复对GIP的敏感,这表明共同激动GLP-1R/GIPR(GLP-1受体/GIP受体)可以发挥协同降血糖作用,GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂可能产生更加优异的降低血糖作用以及胰岛素分泌刺激。
下述式I化合物是一种GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂:
式I化合物的缩写式为:
该激动剂表现出优异的降血糖效果。
目前,式I化合物的合成主要采用常规的Fmoc法固相合成逐步偶联单个保护氨基酸和侧链片段。然而,采用逐步偶联的方法合成式I化合物时,粗产品的收率和纯度有限。
因此,亟需为GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂(特别是式I化合物)提供一种新的制备方法,以提高其成品纯度。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
虽然,现有技术已经提供了针对式Ⅰ化合物的例如逐步偶联的制备方法,但利用该方法制备式Ⅰ化合物时,仍然存在所得粗品收率和纯度有限的问题,因此,常规的Fmoc固相合成法(逐步偶联单个保护氨基酸和侧链片段)对于式Ⅰ化合物的合成而言仍然不能说是完善的。
本公开对式Ⅰ化合物的制备方法进行了大量研究并发现,之所以常规方法制备得到的式Ⅰ化合物粗品纯度和收率有限,是因为在逐步偶联单个保护氨基酸和侧链片段时,主要存在氨基酸缩合困难并产生较多杂质的问题,具体例如:
(1)由于Aib位阻较大,缩合其后的保护氨基酸时,使用常规的缩合方法(单个保护氨基酸依次缩合)较难缩合,反应时间长,反应不完全,产生杂质较多,导致粗品纯度低、难提纯、收率低;使用鎓盐型缩合试剂缩合时,主要副产物为氨基封端杂质,使用典型缩合试剂HATU缩合时,副产物如下:
并且采用氨基检测试剂(茚三酮、四氯苯醌等)检测Aib的氨基时,不显色或显色不明显,导致反应过程中无法用显色试剂中控,需要借助HPLC、LC-MS等仪器中控,中控过程操作复杂、生产效率低。
(2)常规的多肽侧链修饰合成时,通常使用Lys侧链修饰,Lys侧链氨基采用特殊保护,当肽段缩合完成后,选择脱除侧链保护基,再进行侧链的修饰。多肽固相合成中常用Lys侧链保护基有Dde、ivDde、Alloc。当使用Dde、ivDde保护,每次采用哌啶脱除Fmoc保护基时,每个循环都会有少量Dde、ivDde脱除,当序列较长时,就会产生一系列的杂质,最终导致粗品纯度降低,对于药品的质量研究将是巨大的挑战,所以Dde、ivDde只适用于药物短肽的合成。Alloc的脱除需要用到Pd催化剂,并且不可避免的产生烯丙胺衍生物杂质:
导致粗品纯度降低,并且烯丙胺衍生物杂质与产品极性相近,较难分离,给纯化带来不便。
对此,本公开提供了一种新的针对式I化合物的制备方法,通过采用含有Aib氨基酸残基的保护多肽片段替代单个保护氨基酸Aib,并在整体制备过程中,使用先对赖氨酸侧链进行修饰,然后再连接主链氨基酸和多肽片段的方式,可以有效提高缩合效率,减少杂质产生,提高产品粗品纯度,通过HPLC纯化更易分离出纯品,提高成品收率,同时使整个反应的中控过程更加简便,降低产品的整体生产成本。
用于解决问题的方案
为了解决上述技术问题,本公开提供了以下技术方案:
[1]、一种GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂的制备方法,其中,所述GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂为如下式I所示的化合物:
所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(i)获得侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
(ii)脱除α氨基的保护基,制备得到侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
(iii)以所述侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物作为起始树脂,将其与保护氨基酸和Aib13多肽片段、Aib2多肽片段进行缩合,制备得到式I化合物的全保护树脂肽;
(iv)裂解所述式I化合物的全保护树脂肽,制备得到式I化合物。
[2]、根据[1]所述的制备方法,其中,所述(i)包括如下步骤:
将R1-Lys(Fmoc)-OH连接到树脂上,脱除Fmoc保护基,依次缩合Fmoc-AEEEA-OH、Fmoc-AEEEA-OH、Fmoc-Glu-OtBu和tBuO-Ara(OH),或者直接缩合tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu片段,得到侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
或者,
将Fmoc-Lys(R1)-OH连接到树脂上,脱除R1保护基,直接缩合tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu片段,得到侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
或者,
制备Fmoc-Lys(tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu),将其连接到树脂上,得到侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
其中,所述R1选自Dde、ivDde、Mtt、MMt、Trt、Adpoc、Bpoc和Ddz中的任意一种。
[3]、根据[1]或[2]所述的制备方法,其中,在所述(ii)中,使用脱保护剂脱除α氨基的保护基;并且,
当所述α氨基的保护基为Dde或ivDde时,所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为0.5%~5%的水合肼的DMF溶液,所述脱除的反应时间为1min~30min;优选使用含有体积百分比为2%的水合肼的DMF溶液,脱除反应3次,每次5min;
当所述α氨基的保护基为Mtt时,所述脱保护剂为DCM、AcOH和TFE的混合物,所述DCM、AcOH和TFE之间的体积比为(4~8.5):(0.5~2):(1~4),所述脱除的反应时间为0.5h~12h;优选DCM、AcOH和TFE之间的体积比为7:1:2,所述脱除的反应时间为2h;
当所述α氨基的保护基为Fmoc时,所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为5%~50%的哌啶的DMF溶液;优选使用含有体积百分比为20%的哌啶的DMF溶液;
当所述α氨基的保护基为MMT或Trt时,所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为5%~50%的醋酸的DCM溶液或含有体积百分比为2%~5%的TFA的DCM溶液;
当所述α氨基的保护基为Adpoc、Bpoc或Ddz时,所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为2%~5%的TFA 的DCM溶液。
[4]、根据[1]~[3]中任一项所述的制备方法,其中,在所述(iii)中,Aib13多肽片段为Fmoc-Ile-Aib-OH或Fmoc-Ile-Aib-Leu-OH;所述Aib2多肽片段为Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OH、Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-OH或Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-OH。
[5]、根据[1]~[4]中任一项所述的制备方法,其中,所述(iii)包括如下步骤:
按照如SEQ ID NO.1所示的序列,从C端开始依次缩合相应的保护氨基酸和Aib13多肽片段、Aib2多肽片段至所述侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物上,得到式I化合物的全保护树脂肽。
[6]、根据[1]~[5]中任一项所述的制备方法,其中,在所述(iii)中,所述保护氨基酸包括Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Val-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH、Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH和Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH中的任意一种或多种。
[7]、根据[1]~[6]中任一项所述的制备方法,其中,在所述(iii)中,所述缩合使用缩合试剂来进行;
优选的,所述缩合试剂选自HBTU、DIEA、HATU、HOAT、HOBT和DIC中的任意一种或多种。
[8]、根据[1]~[7]中任一项所述的制备方法,其中,在所述(iv)中,利用裂解液裂解所述式I化合物的全保护树脂肽,所述裂解液选自以下混合物中的任意一种:TFA/苯酚/苯甲硫醚/TIS/水,TFA/苯酚/苯甲硫醚/水/EDT,TFA/TIS/水和TFA/TIS/EDT/水/苯甲硫醚;
优选裂解液为如下混合物:TFA/TIS/水,或TFA/苯酚/苯甲硫醚/水/EDT;
更优选的,在所述裂解液中,所述TFA/TIS/水的体积比为(90~95):(1~5):(1~5),所述TFA/苯酚/苯甲硫醚/水/EDT的体积比为(80~95):(1~5):(1~5):(1~5):(1~5),进一步优选,所述TFA/TIS/水的体积比为95:2.5:2.5,所述TFA/苯酚/苯甲硫醚/水/EDT的体积比为82.5:5:5:5:2.5。
[9]、根据[1]~[8]中任一项所述的制备方法,其中,在所述(iv)中,裂解所述式I化合物的全保护树脂肽后,还包括对裂解产物进行沉淀、洗涤和任选的纯化的步骤。
[10]、一种GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂,其中,所述GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂由根据[1]~[9]中任一项所述的制备方法制备得到,且所述GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂的纯度大于等于60%。
发明的效果
首先,与现有的式I化合物的合成方法(合成氨基酸主链后修饰侧链)不同,本公开提供的式I化合物的制备方法先对赖氨酸侧链进行修饰,随后再逐步连接主链单个氨基酸或氨基酸片段,在提高合成效率的同时,有效减少了合成过程中产生的杂质,使得粗品纯度和收率提高,且粗品中的杂质含量也大大降低,提高了最终药品的纯度和安全性。
进一步,在本公开提供的制备方法中,由于先对赖氨酸侧链进行修饰,从而减少了在合成主链较长肽段时连接每个氨基酸的过程中由于赖氨酸侧链保护基意外脱除产生的杂质。并且,在本公开提供的制备方法中,对于赖氨酸侧链的修饰方式灵活多样,可以先将保护赖氨酸连接至树脂上,在对赖氨酸侧链进行修饰,也可以反向先连接赖氨酸侧链修饰片段及赖氨酸,再将其连接至树脂,为后续氨基酸主链合成做准备。并且,在本公开提供的制备方法中,避免使用含有保护基Alloc的赖氨酸,从而在后续脱除保护基时,也无需使用Pd催化剂,避免了产生与式I化合物极性相近而不易分离的烯丙胺衍 生物杂质。
此外,在本公开提供的制备方法中,采用含有Aib氨基酸残基的保护多肽片段替代单个保护Aib,使得其在氨基酸主链合成过程中更易缩合,且使得反应的中控过程更加简单易行。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所得粗品的液相色谱图。
图2为实施例2所得粗品的液相色谱图。
图3为对比例中所得粗品的液相色谱图。
图4为对比例所得粗品与实施例1、实施例2所得粗品的液相色谱对比图。
具体实施方式
以下对本公开的实施方式进行说明,但本公开不限定于此。本公开不限于以下说明的各构成,在公开请求保护的范围内可以进行各种变更,而适当组合不同实施方式、实施例中各自公开的技术手段而得到的实施方式、实施例也包含在本公开的技术范围中。
定义
在本公开中,术语“一(a)”或“一(an)”或“一(the)”可以指“一个”,也可以指“一个或多个”、“至少一个”以及“一个或多于一个”。
在本公开中,术语“包含”、“具有”、“包括”或“含有”可以指包括在内的或开放式的,并不排除额外的、未引述的元件或方法步骤。与此同时,“包含”、“具有”、“包括”或“含有”也可以表示封闭式的,排除额外的、未引述的元件或方法步骤。
在本公开中,术语“约”表示:一个值包括测定该值所使用的装置或方法的误差的标准偏差。用以界定本公开的数值范围与参数皆是约略的数值,此处已尽可能精确地呈现具体实施例中的相关数值。除非另有明确的说明,应当理解本公开所用的所有范围、数量、数值与百分比均经过“约”的修饰。
在本公开中,术语“激动剂”是指通过所针对的目标受体类型活化信号传号的物质(配体)。示例性的,以GLP-1受体为目标受体,则激动剂具有GLP-1受体的激活活性,例如为GLP-1多肽或其类似物。
在本公开中,术语“保护氨基酸”或“保护的氨基酸”是指功能基团与保护基反应而封闭了氨基酸功能基团活性的氨基酸衍生物;术语“保护多肽片段”是指多肽中氨基酸残基的功能基团与保护基反应而封闭了功能基团活性的多肽衍生物。进一步,术语“Aib13多肽片段”和“Aib2多肽片段”分别指含有氨基酸序列中N端至C端第13位和第2位的Aib的保护多肽片段。
本公开中氨基酸及缩写和英文简称如下表所示:
本公开中化合物的英文简称如下所示:
DIEA:N,N-二异丙基乙胺;DIC:N,N-二异丙基碳二亚胺;HOBT:N-羟基苯并三氮唑;DCM:二氯甲烷;TFA:三氟乙酸;DMF:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;Fmoc-AEEEA-OH:[2-[2-[2-(Fmoc-氨基)乙氧基]乙氧基]乙氧基]乙酸;MTBE:甲基叔丁基醚;TIS:三异丙基硅烷;NMM:N-甲基吗啉;HBTU:苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐;HATU:2-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯;HOAT:N-羟基-7-氮杂苯并三氮唑;HOAc:乙酸;HOSU:N-羟基丁二酰亚胺;EDT:1,2-乙二硫醇。
除非另有定义,本公开所用的其他技术和科学术语具有与本公开所属技术领域中的普通技术人员所通常理解的相同含义。
GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂
本公开所述的GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂为如下式I所示的化合物:
如式I所示的化合物中第1位氨基酸~第39位的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示:
Tyr-Aib-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Aib-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser。
GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂的制备方法
本公开提供了一种GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂的制备方法,所述GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂为式I化合物,所述制备方法包括如下(i)~(iv)所示的步骤:
(i)获得侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
(ii)脱除α氨基的保护基,制备得到侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
(iii)以所述侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物作为起始树脂,将其与保护氨基酸和Aib13多肽片段、Aib2多肽片段进行缩合,制备得到式I化合物的全保护树脂肽;
(iv)裂解所述式I化合物的全保护树脂肽,制备得到式I化合物。
本公开提供的方法,先对赖氨酸侧链进行修饰,随后再逐步连接主链单个氨基酸或氨基酸片段,在提高合成效率的同时,有效减少了合成过程中产生的杂质,提高了粗品的纯度。
步骤(i)
在一些实施方案中,所述(i)包括如下步骤:将R1-Lys(Fmoc)-OH连接到树脂上,脱除Fmoc保护基,依次缩合Fmoc-AEEEA-OH、Fmoc-AEEEA-OH、Fmoc-Glu-OtBu和tBuO-Ara(OH),或者直接缩合tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu片段,得到侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物,所述R1选自Dde、ivDde、Mtt、MMt、Trt、Adpoc、Bpoc和Ddz中的任意一种。在该实施方案中,当R1为Dde,先脱除Fmoc,依次缩合Fmoc-AEEEA-OH、Fmoc-AEEEA-OH、Fmoc-Glu-OtBu和tBuO-Ara(OH)进行侧链修饰,然后脱除Dde,将其与保护氨基酸和Aib13多肽片段、Aib2多肽片段进行缩合,缩合主链氨基酸及多肽片段时已不存在意外脱除Dde的情况;相比对比例中的方法(Lys侧链保护基为Dde,缩合多肽时,每一个氨基酸脱Fmoc保护基的时候都会脱掉部分Dde,每次缩合都会产生杂质,而由于共有39个氨基酸,产生的杂质多且杂),该方案中只需缩合Fmoc-AEEEA-OH、Fmoc-AEEEA-OH、Fmoc-Glu-OtBu三个肽,由于Dde意外脱除而产生的杂质可以忽略。
在另一些实施方案中,所述(i)包括如下步骤:将Fmoc-Lys(R1)-OH连接到树脂上,脱除R1保护基,直接缩合tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu片段,得到侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物,所述R1选自Dde、ivDde、Mtt、MMt、Trt、Adpoc、Bpoc和Ddz中的任意一种。
本公开提供的制备方法在上述过程中,避免使用含有保护基Alloc的保护Lys,从而在后续脱除保护基时,也无需使用Pd催化剂,避免了产生与式I化合物极性相近而不易分离的烯丙胺衍生物杂质。
在另一些实施方案中,所述(i)包括如下步骤:制备Fmoc-Lys(tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu),将其连接到树脂上,得到侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物。利用该方案可以进一步提高GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂粗品的纯度。
本公开提供的制备方法在上述过程中,先合成了赖氨酸侧链片段,再将该侧链片段与赖氨酸侧链相连,最终连接至树脂。对于所述赖氨酸侧链片段的具体制备过程可以参考现有技术侧链片段的常规合成方法,也可以参考ZL201510619012.7,其内容通过引用并入本公开中。
步骤(ii)
在步骤(ii)中,使用脱保护剂脱除α氨基的保护基。对于所述脱保护剂的具体选择,本公开没有特别限制,本领域技术人员可以根据具体的需要脱除的保护基进行选择。
在一些实施方案中,当所述α氨基的保护基为Dde或ivDde时,所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为0.5%~5%的水合肼的DMF溶液,例如所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4%、4.5%或5%的水合肼的DMF溶液,所述脱除的反应时间为1min~30min,例如所述脱除的反应时间为1min、5min、10min、15min、20min、25min或30min等。在一些优选的实施方案中,当所述α氨基的保护基为Dde或ivDde时,所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为2%的水合肼的DMF溶液,脱保护反应3次,每次所述脱除的反应时间为5min。
在一些实施方案中,当所述α氨基的保护基为Mtt时,所述脱保护剂为DCM、AcOH和TFE的混合物,所述DCM、AcOH和TFE之间的体积比为(4~8.5):(0.5~2):(1~4),所述脱除的反应时间为0.5h~12h,例如所述脱除的反应时间为0.5h、1h、2h、3h、4h、5h、6h、7h、8h、9h、10h、11h或12h等。在一些优选的实施方案中,当所述α氨基的保护基为Mtt时,所述脱保护剂为DCM、AcOH和TFE的混合物,所述DCM、AcOH和TFE之间的体积比为7:1:2,所述脱除的反应时间为2h。
在一些实施方案中,当所述α氨基的保护基为Fmoc时,所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为5%~50%的哌啶的DMF溶液,例如所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%或50%的哌啶的DMF溶液。在一些优选的实施方案中,当所述α氨基的保护基为Fmoc时,所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为20%的哌啶的DMF。
在一些实施方案中,当所述α氨基的保护基为MMT或Trt时,所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为5%~50%的醋酸的DCM溶液或含有体积百分比为2%~5%的TFA的DCM溶液,例如所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%或50%的醋酸的DCM溶液,或为含有体积百分比为2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4%、4.5%或5%的TFA的DCM溶液。
在一些实施方案中,当所述α氨基的保护基为Adpoc、Bpoc或Ddz时,所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为2%~5%的TFA的DCM溶液,例如所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4%、4.5%或5%的TFA的DCM溶液。
步骤(iii)
在一些实施方案中,所述(iii)包括如下步骤:按照如SEQ ID NO.1所示的序列,从C端开始依次缩合相应的保护氨基酸和Aib13多肽片段、Aib2多肽片段至所述侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物上,得到式I化合物的全保护树脂肽。
本公开提供的制备方法在上述过程中,避免使用单个保护的Aib,从而避免产生由于Aib位阻较大,缩合其后的保护氨基酸时,反应时间长且不完全及产生较多杂质的问题,同时使得反应中控过程不再需要检测Aib的氨基,即利用简单的显色试剂即可实现中控,从而提高了化合物的整体生产效率。
因此,本公开使用含有Aib氨基酸残基的保护多肽片段替代单个保护的Aib。对于上述保护多肽片 段的长度本公开没有特别限定,优选使用在Aib氨基酸残基N端至少含有一个氨基酸残基的保护多肽片段,另优选使用含有2~4个氨基酸残基的保护多肽片段。在一些实施方案中,所述Aib13多肽片段为Fmoc-Ile-Aib-OH或Fmoc-Ile-Aib-Leu-OH。在一些实施方案中,所述Aib2多肽片段为Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OH、Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-OH或Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-OH。
对于其他单个保护氨基酸的使用,本公开没有特别限定,本领域的技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选用。
为了制备得到式I化合物,在一些实施方案中,所述保护氨基酸包括Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Val-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH、Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH和Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH中的任意一种或多种,对于上述每种保护氨基酸的使用数目没有特别限定,可以使用一次某种保护氨基酸,也可以多次重复使用某种保护氨基酸,只要能够与所述Aib13多肽片段和所述Aib2多肽片段组合获得如SEQ ID NO.1所示的序列即可。
在一些具体的实施方案中,在所述(iii)中,当所述Aib13多肽片段为Fmoc-Ile-Aib-OH,所述Aib2多肽片段为Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OH时,所述保护氨基酸包括Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Val-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH、Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH。对于上述每种保护氨基酸的使用数目没有特别限定,只要能够与所述Aib13多肽片段和所述Aib2多肽片段组合获得如SEQ ID NO.1所示的序列即可。
在一些具体的实施方案中,在所述(iii)中,当所述Aib13多肽片段为Fmoc-Ile-Aib-Leu-OH,所述Aib2多肽片段为Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-OH时,所述保护氨基酸包括Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Val-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH、Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH。对于上述每种保护氨基酸的使用数目没有特别限定,只要能够与所述Aib13多肽片段和所述Aib2多肽片段组合获得如SEQ ID NO.1所示的序列即可。
在一些具体的实施方案中,在所述(iii)中,当所述Aib13多肽片段为Fmoc-Ile-Aib-Leu-OH,所述Aib2多肽片段为Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-OH时,所述保护氨基酸包括Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Val-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH、Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH。对于上述每种保护氨基酸的使用数目没有特别限定,只要能够与所述Aib13多肽片段和所述Aib2多肽片段组合获得如SEQ ID NO.1所示的序列即可。
在利用保护氨基酸和保护多肽片段制备式I化合物的全保护树脂肽的过程中,使用了缩合试剂。在一些实施方案中,所述缩合试剂选自HBTU、DIEA、HATU、HOAT、HOBT和DIC中的任意一种或多种。在一些具体的实施方案中,所述缩合试剂选自混合物HBTU/DIEA、HATU/DIEA、HOAT/DIC和HOBT/DIC中的任意一种。
步骤(iv)
为了获得式I化合物,在一些实施方案中,需要使用裂解液裂解(iii)制备得到的所述式I化合物的全保护树脂肽。
本公开对于使用的树脂不做特别限定,在一些实施方案中,所述树脂包括Rink Amide Resin、Rink Amide-AM Resin、Rink Amide-MBHA Resin、Sieber Amide Resin。
为了获得优良的裂解效果,并获得式I化合物,在一些实施方案中,所述裂解液选自以下混合物中的任意一种:TFA/苯酚/苯甲硫醚/TIS/水,TFA/苯酚/苯甲硫醚/水/EDT,TFA/TIS/水和TFA/TIS/EDT/水/苯甲硫醚。在一些优选的实施方案中,所述裂解液为如下混合物:TFA/TIS/水,或TFA/苯酚/苯甲硫醚/水/EDT。进一步地,在一些具体的实施方案中,在所述裂解液中,所述TFA/TIS/水的体积比为(90~95):(1~5):(1~5),优选为95:2.5:2.5,所述TFA/苯酚/苯甲硫醚/水/EDT的体积比为(80~95):(1~5):(1~5):(1~5):(1~5),优选为82.5:5:5:5:2.5。
其他步骤
本公开提供的制备方法,还可以包括其他步骤,例如制备保护多肽片段等步骤。
在一些实施方案中,为了获得纯净的式I化合物,在所述(iv)中,利用裂解液裂解所述式I化合物的全保护树脂肽后,还包括对含有式I化合物的裂解产物进行沉淀、洗涤和任选的纯化的步骤。
同时,本公开还提供了由上述方法制备得到的GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂。在一些实施方案中,由上述方法制备得到的GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂是一种富集物,即为GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂粗品,其中不可避免地含有制备过程中产生的杂质。相比现有技术提供的制备方法制备得到的GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂粗品,本公开提供的由上述方法制备得到的GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂(粗品)中的杂质种类和数量均显著降低,GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂纯度较高。在一些实施方案中,在所述GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂(粗品)中,所述GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂的纯度大于等于60%;优选大于等于63%,更优选大于等于65%。
实施例
下面将结合实施例对本公开的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本公开,而不应视为限定本公开的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用材料或仪器除非特别说明,均为可以使用通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1(侧链片段依次缩合)
本实施例式I化合物的制备,包括以下步骤:
1)将保护氨基酸R1-Lys(Fmoc)-OH(R1=Dde)连接到Rink MBHA Amide树脂上(缩合试剂采用HOBT/DIC);用含有体积百分比为20%的哌啶的DMF脱除Fmoc保护基,依次将Fmoc-AEEEA-OH、Fmoc-AEEEA-OH、Fmoc-Glu-OtBu、tBuO-Ara(OH)连接至树脂上(缩合试剂采用HBTU/DIEA),得到侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
2)脱除α氨基的保护基Dde:用含有体积百分比为2%的水合肼的DMF脱保护反应5min,脱3次,共15min,脱保护完毕后用DMF洗涤,得侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
3)依次将下列保护氨基酸、二肽片段连接到侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物上(缩合试剂采用HOBT/DIC):
Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Val-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Ile-Aib-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH、Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OH,得化合物式I的全保护树脂肽;
4)采用95%(V/V)TFA/2.5%(V/V)水/2.5%(V/V)TIS对树脂进行裂解,随后用冰的甲基叔 丁基醚(MTBE)沉淀、洗涤得高纯度化合物式I粗品(式I粗品的液相色谱图见图1,相应的出峰数据见表1),粗品用HPLC纯化,并冷冻干燥得到目标化合物式I。
表1实施例1方法所得式I粗品的液相色谱数据
其中,Fmoc-Ile-Aib-OH的制备如下:
将Fmoc-Ile-OH(1.0eq)溶于二氯甲烷中,加入DIEA(2.0eq),DIC(1.5eq),HOBT(1.5eq),H-Aib-OtBu.HCl(1.1eq),TLC监控反应完毕后,浓缩除去DCM,加入乙酸乙酯,用稀盐酸洗涤,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤后无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩至干得Fmoc-Ile-Aib-OtBu;
将Fmoc-Ile-Aib-OtBu溶于二氯甲烷中,加入TFA,TLC监控反应完毕后,用纯化水洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤后无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩至干得Fmoc-Ile-Aib-OH。
Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OH的制备如下:
将Boc-Tyr(tBu)-OH(1.0eq)溶于二氯甲烷中,加入DIEA(2.0eq),DIC(1.5eq),HOBT(1.5eq),H-Aib-OBzl.HCl(1.1eq),TLC监控反应完毕后,浓缩除去DCM,加入乙酸乙酯,用稀盐酸洗涤,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤后无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩至干得Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OBzl;
将Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OBzl溶于甲醇中,加入Pd/C,常压下通入氢气,TLC监控反应完毕后过滤,浓缩至干得Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OH。
实施例2(整个侧链一起缩合)
本实施例式I化合物的制备,包括以下步骤:
1)合成保护侧链片段Fmoc-Lys(tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu):
2)将保护侧链片段Fmoc-Lys(tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu)连接到Rink MBHA Amide树脂上(缩合试剂采用HBTU/DIEA或HATU/DIEA或HOAT/DIC),得侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
3)用含有体积百分比为20%的哌啶的DMF脱除Fmoc保护基,得侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
4)依次将下列保护氨基酸、二肽片段连接到侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物上(缩合试剂采用HOBT/DIC):
Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Val-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Ile-Aib-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH、Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OH,得化合物式I的全保护树脂肽;
5)采用95%(V/V)TFA/2.5%(V/V)水/2.5%(V/V)TIS进行树脂的裂解,随后用冰的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)沉淀、洗涤得高纯度化合物式I粗品(式I粗品的液相色谱图见图2,相应的出峰数据见表2),纯化方法同实施例1。
表2实施例2方法所得式I粗品的液相色谱数据
实施例3
本实施例式I化合物的制备,包括以下步骤:
1)将保护氨基酸Fmoc-Lys(R1)-OH(R1=Mtt)连接到Rink MBHA Amide树脂上(缩合试剂采用HOBT/DIC),用DCM/AcOH/TFE=7:1:2(体积比)反应2h脱除Mtt保护基,然后直接缩合tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu片段(缩合试剂采用HBTU/DIEA),得侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
2)脱除α氨基的保护基Fmoc:用含有体积百分比为20%的哌啶的DMF脱除保护基Fmoc,得侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
3)依次将下列保护氨基酸、多肽片段连接到侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物上(缩合试剂采用HOBT/DIC):
Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Val-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH、Fmoc-Ile-Aib-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-OH,得化合物式I的全保护树脂肽;
4)采用TFA/苯酚/苯甲硫醚/水/EDT(体积比为82.5:5:5:5:2.5)对树脂进行裂解,随后用冰的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)沉淀、洗涤得高纯度化合物式I粗品,所得粗品的纯度与实施例1中相当。
本实施例步骤1)tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu片段的合成参考实施例2步骤1)的方法。
实施例4
本实施例式I化合物的制备,包括以下步骤:
1)制备侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物,具体过程与实施例3步骤1)相同;
2)制备侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物,具体过程与实施例3步骤2)相同;
3)制备式I化合物的全保护树脂肽,具体过程与实施例3步骤3)相同,其中,区别在于,使用Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-OH代替Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-OH;
4)树脂的裂解和式I粗品的获得,具体过程与实施例3步骤4)相同。
本实施例所得粗品的纯度与实施例1中相当。
此外,在本公开的其它实施例中,Lys保护氨基酸中的α氨基保护基和侧链氨基保护基还可以为ivDde、MMt、Trt、Adpoc、Bpoc或Ddz,并确保α氨基保护基和侧链氨基保护基不同即可,后续步骤中采用相应的脱保护剂进行脱保护即可。
对比例(现有技术工艺)
本对比例式I化合物的制备,包括以下步骤:
利用Fmoc-Rink MBHA Amide树脂、采用含有体积百分比为20%的哌啶的DMF脱除Fmoc保护基,偶联试剂采用HOBT/DIC,DMF为反应溶剂,反应监控采用茚三酮检测法。
(1)依次将下列保护氨基酸连接到Rink MBHA Amide树脂上:
Fmoc-Lys(Alloc)-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Val-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Aib-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH、Fmoc-Aib-OH、Boc-Tyr(tBu)-OH;
(2)脱去Alloc保护基:加入3eq的Pd(PPh3)4的CHCl3:AcOH:NMM(18:1:0.5)的溶液,反应2h,随后用氯仿(6×30ml)洗涤,20%HOAc的DCM溶液(6×30ml)、DCM(6×30ml)和DMF(6×30ml)洗涤,茚三酮监测阳性,然后依次缩合Fmoc-AEEEA-OH、Fmoc-AEEEA-OH、Fmoc-Glu-OtBu、二十烷二酸单叔丁酯,得化合物式I的全保护树脂;
(3)树脂的裂解:采用95%(V/V)TFA/2.5%(V/V)水/2.5%(V/V)TIS进行,随后用冰的MTBE 沉淀、洗涤得产物粗品(液相色谱图如图3所示,相应的出峰数据见表3),用HPLC纯化,并冷冻干燥得到目标化合物式I。
在对比例中,步骤(2)Alloc的脱除需要用到Pd催化剂,并且不可避免的产生烯丙胺衍生物杂质(该杂质在图3中的相对保留时间对应为RRT=1.02),导致粗品纯度降低,并且烯丙胺杂质与产品极性相近,较难分离,给纯化带来不便。
表3对比例方法所得式I粗品的液相色谱数据
脱除Alloc引起的杂质传递如下:
该杂质在图3中的保留时间为19.883min,相对保留时间对应为RRT=1.02。
使用二肽可以避免以下杂质:
该杂质在图3中的保留时间为22.035min,相对保留时间对应为RRT=1.13。
图4为对比例所得粗品与实施例1、实施例2所得粗品的液相色谱对比图。
由图1-4可知,现有技术工艺得到的式I化合物的纯度为49%左右,本公开提供的工艺得到的粗品中式I化合物的纯度为66~73%,粗品的纯度提高了17~24%。
由此可见,本公开通过对现有的制备方法进行改进,先对赖氨酸侧链进行修饰再进行氨基酸缩合,并且使用短肽替代部分单个氨基酸,避免使用保护基Alloc,避免了两个杂质的产生,有效的提高了粗品纯度。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂为如下式I所示的化合物:
    所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
    (i)获得侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
    (ii)脱除α氨基的保护基,制备得到侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
    (iii)以所述侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物作为起始树脂,将其与保护氨基酸和Aib13多肽片段、Aib2多肽片段进行缩合,制备得到式I化合物的全保护树脂肽;
    (iv)裂解所述式I化合物的全保护树脂肽,制备得到式I化合物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述(i)包括如下步骤:
    将R1-Lys(Fmoc)-OH连接到树脂上,脱除Fmoc保护基,依次缩合Fmoc-AEEEA-OH、Fmoc-AEEEA-OH、Fmoc-Glu-OtBu和tBuO-Ara(OH),或者直接缩合tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu片段,得到侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
    或者,
    将Fmoc-Lys(R1)-OH连接到树脂上,脱除R1保护基,直接缩合tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu片段,得到侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
    或者,
    制备Fmoc-Lys(tBuO-Ara-Glu(AEEEA-AEEEA)-OtBu),将其连接到树脂上,得到侧链被修饰的α氨基被保护的Lys树脂复合物;
    其中,所述R1选自Dde、ivDde、Mtt、MMt、Trt、Adpoc、Bpoc和Ddz中的任意一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述(ii)中,使用脱保护剂脱除α氨基的保护基;并且,
    当所述α氨基的保护基为Dde或ivDde时,所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为0.5%~5%的水合肼的DMF溶液;优选使用含有体积百分比为2%的水合肼的DMF溶液;
    当所述α氨基的保护基为Mtt时,所述脱保护剂为DCM、AcOH和TFE的混合物,所述DCM、AcOH和TFE之间的体积比为(4~8.5):(0.5~2):(1~4);优选DCM、AcOH和TFE之间的体积比为7:1:2;
    当所述α氨基的保护基为Fmoc时,所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为5%~50%的哌啶的DMF溶液;优选使用含有体积百分比为20%的哌啶的DMF溶液;
    当所述α氨基的保护基为MMT或Trt时,所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为5%~50%的醋酸的DCM溶液或含有体积百分比为2%~5%的TFA的DCM溶液;
    当所述α氨基的保护基为Adpoc、Bpoc或Ddz时,所述脱保护剂为含有体积百分比为2%~5%的TFA 的DCM溶液。
  4. 根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述(iii)中,Aib13多肽片段为Fmoc-Ile-Aib-OH或Fmoc-Ile-Aib-Leu-OH;所述Aib2多肽片段为Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-OH、Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-OH或Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-OH。
  5. 根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述(iii)包括如下步骤:
    按照如SEQ ID NO.1所示的序列,从C端开始依次缩合相应的保护氨基酸和Aib13多肽片段、Aib2多肽片段至所述侧链被修饰的α氨基未被保护的Lys树脂复合物上,得到式I化合物的全保护树脂肽。
  6. 根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述(iii)中,所述保护氨基酸包括Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Val-OH、Fmoc-Phe-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH、Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH和Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH中的任意一种或多种。
  7. 根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述(iii)中,所述缩合使用缩合试剂来进行;
    优选的,所述缩合试剂选自HBTU、DIEA、HATU、HOAT、HOBT和DIC中的任意一种或多种。
  8. 根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述(iv)中,利用裂解液裂解所述式I化合物的全保护树脂肽,所述裂解液选自以下混合物中的任意一种:TFA/苯酚/苯甲硫醚/TIS/水,TFA/苯酚/苯甲硫醚/水/EDT,TFA/TIS/水和TFA/TIS/EDT/水/苯甲硫醚;
    优选裂解液为如下混合物:TFA/TIS/水,或TFA/苯酚/苯甲硫醚/水/EDT;
    更优选的,在所述裂解液中,所述TFA/TIS/水的体积比为(90~95):(1~5):(1~5),所述TFA/苯酚/苯甲硫醚/水/EDT的体积比为(80~95):(1~5):(1~5):(1~5):(1~5)。
  9. 根据权利要求1~8中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述(iv)中,裂解所述式I化合物的全保护树脂肽后,还包括对裂解产物进行沉淀、洗涤和任选的纯化的步骤。
  10. 一种GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂,其特征在于,所述GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂由根据权利要求1~9中任一项所述的制备方法制备得到,且所述GIP和GLP-1的双受体激动剂的纯度大于等于60%。
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