WO2025091446A1

WO2025091446A1 - Transmission configuration indicator state for layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility

Info

Publication number: WO2025091446A1
Application number: PCT/CN2023/129534
Authority: WO
Inventors: Fang Yuan; Yan Zhou
Original assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Current assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Priority date: 2023-11-03
Filing date: 2023-11-03
Publication date: 2025-05-08
Anticipated expiration: 2026-05-03

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) configuration. The UE may receive, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command that includes an indication of a TCI state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell. The UE may communicate, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

TRANSMISSION CONFIGURATION INDICATOR STATE FOR LAYER 1 OR LAYER 2 TRIGGERED MOBILITY

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods for transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states for layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) .

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and/or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and/or broadcast services, among other examples. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and/or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

The above multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (IoT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and/or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution.

SUMMARY

Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to receive a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) configuration. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to receive, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command that includes an indication of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to communicate, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state.

Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) . The method may include receiving an LTM configuration. The method may include receiving, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command that includes an indication of a TCI state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell. The method may include communicating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state.

Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive an LTM configuration. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command that includes an indication of a TCI state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to communicate, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state.

Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving an LTM configuration. The apparatus may include means for receiving, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command that includes an indication of a TCI state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell. The apparatus may include means for communicating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state.

Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and/or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the specification and accompanying drawings.

The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure, but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node in communication with an example user equipment (UE) in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of layer 1 (L1) /layer 2 (L2) inter-cell mobility, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of an L1 or L2 triggered mobility (LTM) procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states for LTM, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 8 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and/or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and/or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

A user equipment (UE) may receive multiple radio resource control (RRC) configurations, including a serving cell configuration for the source cell, a layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) configuration for the candidate cell (s) , and a serving cell configuration for the target cell (s) . The LTM configuration may include LTM transmission configuration indicators (TCIs) and tracking reference signals (TRSs) . For example, in LTM, on the quasi-co-location (QCL) source of the TCI state before and/or during the cell switch command, the synchronization signal block (SSB) or TRS can be configured in a TCI state for the candidate cell (s) before and/or during the cell switch command.

Whether the TRS can be used for the candidate cell (s) before and/or during the cell switch command depends on UE capability. The serving cell configuration may include beam management TCIs and TRSs. The UE may use the serving cell configuration for the source cell before the cell switch, the serving cell configuration for the target cell after the cell switch, and the LTM configuration before and/or during the cell switch (e.g., during a cell switch transition period) .

Thus, the UE may be configured with at least two TCIs (e.g., one or more LTM TCIs and one or more beam management TCIs) . However, the relationship between the LTM TCI and the beam management TCI for the target cell is not defined. For example, it is unclear which TCI the UE uses and when. As a result, in this scenario, the UE may be precluded from experiencing the low latency and low overhead associated with LTM.

Various aspects relate generally to a TCI state for LTM. Some aspects more specifically relate to a TCI application duration in LTM. In some aspects, a UE receives a cell switch command based at least in part on an LTM configuration. The cell switch command may include an indication of a TCI state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell. The UE may communicate, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state. In some aspects, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the UE may deactivate a plurality of TCI states associated with a plurality of candidate cells and refrain from deactivating the plurality of TCI states associated with the target cell. In some aspects, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the UE may deactivate the plurality of TCI states associated with the target cell and refrain from deactivating the plurality of TCI states associated with a plurality of candidate cells.

Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by communicating the transmission using the TCI state based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command that includes the indication of the TCI state associated with the TCI state pool of the target cell, the described techniques can be used to clarify which TCI the UE uses and when, thereby enabling the UE to experience the low latency and low overhead associated with LTM. Deactivating a plurality of TCI states associated with a plurality of candidate cells and refraining from deactivating a plurality of TCI states associated with the target cell may reduce complexity for the UE 630 by reducing processing resources used by the UE 630 or power consumption of the UE 630 that would otherwise be used for the UE 630 to track TCIs for additional candidate cells. Deactivating a plurality of TCI states associated with the target cell and refraining from deactivating a plurality of TCI states associated with a plurality of candidate cells may enable the UE 630 to quickly switch from the new target cell to another candidate cell.

Multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV) .

As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, and/or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI/ML) , among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and/or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and/or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.

Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.

The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and/or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G/NR RAT, and/or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.

Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and/or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, or FR5, and/or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and/or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G/Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G/NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and/or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and/or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) .

A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.

Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and/or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.

The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and/or one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as RRC functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and/or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and/or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and/or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.

In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and/or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and/or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and/or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.

Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .

The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and/or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and/or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts) , whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts) .

In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and/or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and/or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.

Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and/or symbols) , frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and/or resource elements) , and/or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and/or beam parameters) . Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs) . A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and/or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and/or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120.

As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “IAB-donor” ) . The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF) . An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “IAB-nodes” ) . Each non-anchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and/or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.

In some examples, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 120 or another network node 110) . In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network. ” In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110d (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.

The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and/or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet) , an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and/or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and/or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.

A UE 120 and/or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) and/or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.

The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem) . In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.

Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) , UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs” . An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an unmanned aerial vehicle or drone, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and/or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and/or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. An IoT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and/or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100) .

Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and/or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and/or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and/or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, and/or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and/or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and/or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and/or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and/or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and/or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and/or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and/or smart city deployments, among other examples.

In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary) . As an example, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an UL communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a DL communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and/or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) , and/or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and/or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and/or other operations for sidelink communications.

In various examples, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half-duplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve time-division duplexing (TDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time) . In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources) . By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and/or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency-division duplexing (FDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. For example, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.

In some examples, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .

In some aspects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive an LTM configuration; receive, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command that includes an indication of a TCI state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell; and communicate, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.

Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 in communication with an example UE 120 in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.

As shown in Fig. 2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t ≥ 1) , a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller/processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, and/or a scheduler 246, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and/or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller/processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and/or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and/or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.

The terms “processor, ” “controller, ” or “controller/processor” may refer to one or more controllers and/or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a/the processor, ” “a/the controller/processor, ” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and/or controller/processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and/or controller/processor 280.

In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.

For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data ( “downlink data” ) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue) . In some examples, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more MCSs for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and/or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and/or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and/or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) ) and/or synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS) ) .

The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and/or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.

A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and/or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (for example, from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and/or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and/or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.

For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232) , may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and/or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and/or control information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and/or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller/processor 240.

The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and/or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some examples, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and/or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and/or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration) , for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.

One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and/or the controller/processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and/or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110) . In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.

In some examples, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and/or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and/or wireless communication protocols and/or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI) , and/or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and/or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and/or an interface, such as a network interface.

The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r ≥ 1) , a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller/processor 280, a memory 282, and/or a communication manager 140, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller/processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and/or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and/or another UE 120.

For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and/or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (for example, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and/or an application executed on the UE 120) , and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller/processor 280.

For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data ( “uplink data” ) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and/or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller/processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and/or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and/or the controller/processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE) , one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a CQI parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and/or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and/or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.

The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink sounding reference signal (SRS) , and/or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (for example, for discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) or cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) ) . The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and/or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.

The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and/or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and/or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .

One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.

In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and/or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam) . For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.

The amplitudes and/or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and/or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and/or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and/or a vertical direction) , and/or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and/or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and/or phases of the signal (s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and/or presence of side lobes) and/or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and/or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.

Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.

While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and/or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller/processor 280.

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and/or a Near-RT RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.

Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.

In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.

The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and/or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and/or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI/ML workflows including model training and updates, and/or policy-based guidance of applications and/or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and/or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.

In some aspects, to generate AI/ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI/ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .

As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.

The network node 110, the controller/processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller/processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component (s) of Figs. 1, 2, or 3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with a TCI state for LTM, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller/processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller/processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component (s) of Fig. 2, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 700 of Fig. 7 or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . For example, the set of instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 700 of Fig. 7 or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and/or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.

In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for receiving an LTM configuration; means for receiving, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command that includes an indication of a TCI state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell; and/or means for communicating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state. The means for the UE 120 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller/processor 280, or memory 282.

Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of L1/L2 inter-cell mobility, in accordance with the present disclosure.

In some aspects, as described herein, example 400 relates to a scenario in which L1 signaling (e.g., a DCI message) or L2 signaling (e.g., a MAC-CE) is used to indicate a change to a serving cell or a serving cell group (e.g., changing from a source cell to a target cell) . For example, as described in further detail herein, example 400 generally relates to a scenario in which L1/L2 signaling may be used to dynamically switch among candidate serving cells (e.g., including a special cell (SpCell) , which may be a primary cell (PCell) or a primary and secondary cell (PSCell) , and/or a secondary cell (SCell) ) .

As shown in Fig. 4, and by example 400, a network node may configure a UE 410 with a candidate SpCell set (e.g., a pre-configured candidate cell set) that includes various candidate SpCells to enable individual SpCell selection in an L1/L2 inter-cell mobility scenario where separate signaling is used to indicate a SpCell change without carrier aggregation or dual connectivity. For example, the UE 410 may be communicating with a source SpCell (shown as an old SpCell 420) , and the serving SpCell may be switched to a target SpCell (shown as a new SpCell 430) that corresponds to a candidate SpCell included in the candidate SpCell set. Accordingly, in example 400, L1/L2 signaling may be used to select a single SpCell among various candidate SpCells in a preconfigured candidate SpCell set without carrier aggregation or dual connectivity (e.g., the candidate SpCell set does not include any SCells) . In this case, the new SpCell 430 may be selected based on a beam indication, and selection of an SCell may be based on legacy (e.g., L3) signaling or separate L1/L2 signaling. Thus, example 400 may enable the UE 410 to switch SpCells via L1/L2 mobility in which an SpCell may be updated via L1/L2 signaling based at least in part on L1 measurements. Example 400 may involve intra-frequency and/or inter-frequency scenarios.

L1/L2 based inter-cell mobility may enable mobility latency reduction. For example, multiple candidate cells may be configured and maintained to allow fast application of configurations for candidate cells. A dynamic switch mechanism among candidate serving cells (e.g., including SpCells and/or SCells) may be provided for potential applicable scenarios based on L1/L2 signaling. L1/L2 based inter-cell mobility may employ L1 enhancements for inter-cell beam management, including L1 measurement and reporting, and beam indication. In some examples, timing advance (TA) management may be applied to L1/L2 based inter-cell mobility. Additionally, or alternatively, CU-DU interface signaling may support L1/L2 mobility.

The procedure of L1/L2 based inter-cell mobility may apply to one or more of the following scenarios: standalone, carrier aggregation (CA) and NR dual connectivity (NR-DC) scenarios with serving cell change within one CG; intra-DU scenarios; intra-CU, inter-DU scenarios (e.g., applicable to standalone and/or CA scenarios) ; intra-frequency scenarios; inter-frequency scenarios; FR1 scenarios; FR2 scenarios; scenarios involving synchronized source and target cells; scenarios involving unsynchronized source and target cells; or the like.

As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 4.

Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of a LTM procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.

In some examples, a network node 110 may instruct a UE 120 to change serving cells, such as when the UE 120 moves away from coverage of a current serving cell (sometimes referred to as a source cell) and towards coverage of a neighboring cell (sometimes referred to as a target cell) . In some cases, the network node 110 may instruct the UE 120 to change cells using a layer 3 (L3) handover procedure. An L3 handover procedure may include the network node 110 transmitting, to the UE 120, an RRC reconfiguration message indicating that the UE 120 should perform a handover procedure to a target cell, which may be transmitted in response to the UE 120 providing the network node 110 with an L3 measurement report indicating signal strength measurements associated with various cells (e.g., measurements associated with the source cell and one or more neighboring cells) . In response to receiving the RRC reconfiguration message, the UE 120 may communicate with the source cell and the target cell to detach from the source cell and connect to the target cell (e.g., the UE 120 may establish an RRC connection with the target cell) . Once handover is complete, the target cell may communicate with a user plane function (UPF) of a core network to instruct the UPF to switch a user plane path of the UE 120 from the source cell to the target cell. The target cell may also communicate with the source cell to indicate that handover is complete and that the source cell may be released.

L3 handover procedures may be associated with high latency and high overhead due to the multiple RRC reconfiguration messages and/or other L3 signaling and operations used to perform the handover procedures. Accordingly, in some examples, a UE 120 may be configured to perform a lower-layer (e.g., L1 and/or L2) handover procedure, sometimes referred to an LTM procedure, such as the example 500 LTM procedure shown in Fig 5. As shown in Fig. 5, the LTM procedure may include four phases: an LTM preparation phase, an early synchronization phase (shown as “early sync” in Fig. 5) , an LTM execution phase, and/or an LTM completion phase.

During the LTM preparation phase, and as shown by reference number 505, the UE 120 may be in an RRC connected state (sometimes referred to as RRC_Connected) with a source cell. As shown by reference number 510, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, a measurement report (sometimes referred to as a MeasurementReport) , which may be an L3 measurement report. The measurement report may indicate signal strength measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and/or CQI) or similar measurements associated with the source cell and/or one or more neighboring cells. In some examples, based at least in part on the measurement report or other information, the network node 110 may decide to use LTM, and thus, as shown by reference number 515, the network node 110 may initiate LTM candidate preparation.

As shown by reference number 520, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an RRC reconfiguration message (sometimes referred to as an RRCReconfiguration message) , which may include an LTM candidate configuration. More particularly, the RRC reconfiguration message may indicate a configuration of one or more LTM candidate target cells, which may be candidate cells to become a serving cell of the UE and/or cells for which the UE 120 may later be triggered to perform an LTM procedure. As shown by reference number 525, the UE 120 may store the configuration of the one or more LTM candidate cell configurations and, in response, may transmit, to the network node 110, an RRC reconfiguration complete message (sometimes referred to as an RRCReconfigurationComplete message) .

During the early synchronization phase, and as shown by reference number 530, the UE 120 may optionally perform downlink/uplink synchronization with the candidate cells associated with the one or more LTM candidate cell configurations. For example, the UE 120 may perform downlink synchronization and timing advance acquisition with the one or more candidate target cells prior to receiving an LTM switch command (which is described in more detail below in connection with reference number 555) . In some aspects, performing the early synchronization with the one or more candidate cells may reduce latency associated with performing a random access channel (RACH) procedure later in the LTM procedure, which is described in more detail below in connection with reference number 555.

During the LTM execution phase, and as shown by reference number 535, the UE 120 may perform L1 measurements on the configured LTM candidate target cells, and thus may transmit, to the network node 110, lower-layer (e.g., L1) measurement reports. As shown by reference number 540, based at least in part on the lower-layer measurement reports, the network node 110 may decide to execute an LTM cell switch to a target cell. Accordingly, as shown by reference number 545, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a MAC-CE or similar message triggering an LTM cell switch (the MAC-CE or similar message is sometimes referred to herein as a cell switch command) . The cell switch command may include an indication of a candidate configuration index associated with the target cell. As shown by reference number 550, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the UE 120 may switch to the configuration of the LTM candidate target cell (e.g., the UE 120 may detach from the source cell and apply the target cell configuration) . Moreover, as shown by reference number 555, the UE 120 may perform a RACH procedure towards the target cell, such as when a timing advance associated with the target cell is not available (e.g., in examples in which the UE 120 did not perform the early synchronization as described above in connection with reference number 530) .

During the LTM completion phase, and as shown by reference number 560, the UE 120 may indicate successful completion of the LTM cell switch towards the target cell. In this way, cell switch to a target cell may be performed using less overhead than for an L3 handover procedure and/or a cell switch to a target cell may be associated with reduced latency as compared to L3 handover procedure.

As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 5.

In some examples, the UE may receive multiple RRC configurations: a serving cell configuration for the source cell, an LTM configuration for the candidate cell (s) , and a serving cell configuration for the target cell (s) . The LTM configuration may include LTM TCIs and TRSs. For example, in LTM, on the QCL source of the TCI state before and/or during the cell switch command, the SSB or TRS can be configured in a TCI state for the candidate cell (s) before and/or during the cell switch command.

Whether the TRS can be used for the candidate cell (s) before and/or during the cell switch command depends on UE capability. The serving cell configuration may include beam management TCIs and TRSs. The UE may use the serving cell configuration for the source cell before the cell switch, the serving cell configuration for the target cell after the switch, and the LTM configuration before and/or during the switch (e.g., during a cell switch transition period) .

Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 associated with TCI states for LTM, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 6, network nodes 610 and 620 and a UE 630 may communicate with one another.

As shown by reference number 640, the network node 610 (e.g., a source cell) may transmit, and the UE 630 may receive an LTM configuration. The LTM configuration may be an LTM configuration for one or more candidate cells. In some examples, the LTM configuration may include one or more LTM TCIs and TRSs.

As shown by reference number 650, the network node 610 may transmit, and the UE 630 may receive, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command. The cell switch command may include an indication of a TCI state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell. The TCI state may be associated with the TCI state pool in that the TCI state may belong to the TCI state pool.

In some aspects, the LTM configuration may configure the TCI state pool. For example, the TCI state indicated in the cell switch command may be associated with an LTM TCI state pool, of the target cell, that is configured under an LTM-Candidate parameter in the LTM configuration. For example, the UE 630 may use the TCI state provided in the cell switch command after receiving the cell switch command and until a TCI state in the new serving cell (e.g., the new target cell) is indicated. After the TCI in the new serving cell is indicated, a beam management TCI may be used. Thus, the LTM TCI state pool may be independent of the target cell configuration. For example, the UE 630 may use a TCI state indicated in the LTM configuration that is different from the beam management TCI state indicated in the serving cell configuration for target cells.

In some aspects, a serving cell configuration of the target cell may configure the TCI state pool. For example, the TCI state indicated in the cell switch command may be associated with an LTM TCI state pool, of the target cell, that is configured under a ServingCellConfig information element (IE) of the target cell. Thus, the LTM TCI state pool in the LTM configuration may be a subset of the beam management TCI state pool configured under the ServingCellConfig IE of the target cell. For example, the UE 630 may use a TCI state in the LTM configuration that is the same as a beam management TCI state indicated in the serving cell configuration for the target cell.

In some aspects (e.g., aspects where the serving cell configuration of the target cell configures the TCI state pool) , the TCI state may be associated with a TCI state identifier, a QCL source reference signal (RS) , and a QCL type. The TCI state identifier, the QCL source RS, and the QCL type may be associated with the LTM configuration and the serving cell configuration of the target cell. The TCI state identifier, the QCL source RS, and the QCL type may be associated with the LTM configuration and the serving cell configuration of the target cell in that, for the target cell, the TCI state configuration may be the same for the LTM TCI states and beam management TCI states in terms of TCI state identifier, QCL source RS and QCL type. For example, the LTM TCI states may be configured with a TRS as the QCL source RS. For example, the cell switch command may indicate a TCI state identifier that remains valid after the cell switch command, and the UE 630 may continue to use the same QCL source RS and QCL type. In cases where the LTM TCI has a TRS as QCL source RS, the UE 630 may track SSBs before and during the cell switch command. For example, if the UE 630 does not support measuring and/or tracking a TRS before and/or during the cell switching command, then the UE 630 may instead track SSBs before and/or during the cell switch command.

In some aspects, the UE 630 may measure an SSB associated with one or more candidate cells (including the target cell) . For example, the UE 630 may measure and/or track the SSB (s) for the candidate cell (s) before and/or during the cell switch command if the TRS configuration is provided in the LTM TCI state pool. In some examples, the UE 630 may measure, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command and a TRS configuration, a TRS associated with the target cell. For example, the UE 630 may, if provided with the appropriate configuration, measure and/or track the TRS after receiving the cell switch command. Thus, the UE 630 may track SSBs before and during the cell switch command, and TRSs after the cell switch command. The TCI state identifier may differ between the LTM TCI states and beam management TCI states.

In some aspects, the LTM configuration may configure a TRS identifier that is valid after receiving the cell switch command. For example, for LTM, the configured TRS identifier for the candidate cell LTM TCI before the cell switch command may remain valid after cell switch command. For example, the UE 630 may continue to use the TRS with the identifier after the cell switch command.

In some aspects, the LTM configuration may configure a TRS identifier that is invalid after receiving the cell switch command. For example, for LTM, the configured TRS identifier for the candidate cell LTM TCI before the cell switch command may not be valid. For example, the network node 620 (e.g., the target cell) may reselect a new TCI after the cell selection command.

In some aspects, an RRC indication (e.g., RRC flag) may inform the UE 630 whether a TRS is transmitted. When an RRC configuration of TRS is provided and the RRC indication indicates that the TRS is transmitted before the cell switch command, if the UE 630 supports the TRS tracking before cell switch command, then the UE 630 may track the TRS; otherwise, the UE 630 may track an SSB (e.g., only an SSB) .

In some aspects, the indication of the TCI state may be a TCI state identifier associated with multiple target cells including the target cell. The TCI state identifier may be associated with the multiple target cells in that the TCI state identifier may be applied to the multiple target cells. The TCI state identifier may be indicated in the cell switch command. The multiple target cells may be included in the list of simultaneous TCI states of the indicated target cell (e.g., in cases where the list is configured) when the cells indicated in the list are active after the reception of cell switch command. For example, the cell switch command may include a TCI state identifier that is applied to multiple target cells (e.g., multiple target cells may use the same TCI state identifier and different RSs) . In some examples, up to four cell lists (e.g., RRC parameter “simultaneousU-TCI-UpdateList” ) may be configured in the ServingCellConfig of the target cell. In some examples, TCI state activation or indication of the Scells in the list for one cell may be performed after the cell switch command. In some examples, TCI state activation or indication for one cell in a list may be performed for all the cells in the same list after the cell switch command. In some aspects, the cell switch command may indicate a TCI for SCells in addition to a SpCell, and the TCI for Scell (s) and SpCell (s) may be applied to the cells in corresponding cell lists. In some aspects, the cell switch command may indicate a TCI for SCells in addition to a TCI for a SpCell, and the TCIs for Scell (s) and SpCell (s) may be applied to the cells in corresponding cell lists.

Before the cell switch, the UE 630 may be configured with, and activate TCI states for, different candidate cells (e.g., multiple cells may have multiple activated TCI states) . For example, the UE 630 may be configured with activated LTM TCI states for different candidate cells. The cell switch command may indicate one TCI for the target cell. The following aspects may enable the UE 630 to handle the activated TCI states after the cell switch.

In a first aspect for handling the activated TCI states after the cell switch, the UE 630 may activate a plurality of first TCI states, including the TCI state, and a plurality of second TCI states. The plurality of first TCI states may be associated with the target cell and the plurality of second TCI states may be associated with a plurality of candidate cells. Based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the UE 630 may deactivate the plurality of second TCI states and refrain from deactivating the plurality of first TCI states. For example, after performing the cell switch in LTM, for the activated LTM TCI states for different candidate cells, the UE 630 may retain the activated LTM TCI states for the target cell (e.g., for only the target cell) . The UE 630 may use implicit signaling (e.g., the cell switch command) to deactivate the plurality of second TCI states.

In a second aspect for handling the activated TCI states after the cell switch, the UE 630 may activate a plurality of first TCI states, including the TCI state, and a plurality of second TCI states. The plurality of first TCI states may be associated with the target cell and the plurality of second TCI states may be associated with a plurality of candidate cells. Based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the UE 630 may deactivate the plurality of first TCI states and refrain from deactivating the plurality of second TCI states. For example, the UE 630 may retain the activated LTM TCI states for all candidate cells other than target cell, which may use beam management TCI. The UE 630 may use implicit signaling (e.g., the cell switch command) to deactivate the plurality of first TCI states.

In a third aspect for handling the activated TCI states after the cell switch, the UE 630 may activate a plurality of first TCI states, including the TCI state, and a plurality of second TCI states. The plurality of first TCI states may be associated with the target cell and the plurality of second TCI states may be associated with a plurality of candidate cells. The UE 630 may refrain from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of first TCI states and the plurality of second TCI states. For example, the UE 630 may retain the activated LTM TCI states for all candidate cells. In some examples, the UE 630 may deactivate the TCIs in response to explicit signaling (e.g., an RRC configuration, MAC-CE, or the like) .

In a fourth aspect for handling the activated TCI states after the cell switch, the UE 630 may activate the TCI state and a plurality of other TCI states. Based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the UE 630 may deactivate the plurality of other TCI states and refrain from deactivating the TCI state. For example, the UE 630 may deactivate all activated LTM TCI states other than the TCI state indicated in the cell switch command for the target cell. The UE 630 may use implicit signaling (e.g., the cell switch command) to deactivate the plurality of other TCI states.

In a fifth aspect for handling the activated TCI states after the cell switch, the UE 630 may selectively deactivate one or more TCI states, including the TCI state, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command and based at least in part on a UE capability. For example, the UE 630 may be configurable between the first through fourth aspects for handling the activated TCI states after the cell switch depending on a UE capability of the UE 630.

As shown by reference number 660, the network node 620 (e.g., the target cell) and the UE 630 may communicate, based at least in part on the UE 630 receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state. In some examples, the UE 630 may communicate the transmission by transmitting the transmission (e.g., in case the transmission is an uplink transmission) to the network node 620. In some examples, the UE 630 may communicate the transmission by receiving the transmission (e.g., in case the transmission is a downlink transmission) from the network node 620.

In some aspects, the indication of the TCI state may be a unified TCI indication associated with a control resource set (CORESET) 0 (CORESET#0) , a CORESET associated with a type 0A PDCCH common search space (CSS) set, a CORESET associated with a type 1 PDCCH CSS set, or a CORESET associated with a type 2 PDCCH CSS set. For example, the unified TCI indication of the target cell may be indicated in the cell switch command based at least in part on a unified TCI framework. The unified TCI indication may be associated with the CORESET#0, the CORESET associated with a type 0A PDCCH CSS set, the CORESET associated with the type 1 PDCCH CSS set, or the CORESET associated with a type 2 PDCCH CSS set in that the unified TCI indication may be applied to at least CORESET#0 and the CORESETs (other than CORESET#0) associated with Type 0A/1/2-PDCCH CSS sets. In some aspects, the indication of the unified TCI to a target cell in the cell switch command may be applied to at least CORESET#0 and CORESETs (other than CORESET#0) associated with any of Type 0A, Type 1, Type 2, Type 0B, Type 1A, Type 2B PDCCH CSS sets where the CORESET is not configured or not provided to follow the unified TCI (e.g., where the RRC parameter “followUnifiedTCI-state” is not enabled or not provided) . In some aspects, after execution of a cell switch, the UE 630 may determine the monitoring occasions for any of the Type 0A, Type 1, Type 2, Type 0B, Type 1A, and/or Type 2B PDCCH CSS sets based at least in part on the TCI state in the cell switch command until a new TCI state is activated for the CORESET.

The UE 630 may not have received a parameter configuring the UE 630 to communicate the transmission using the unified TCI indication. For example, the UE 630 may not follow the indicated unified TCI after the cell switch is completed (e.g., the RRC parameter “followUnifiedTCI-state” may not be enabled or provided) . As used herein, “follow” may involve assuming QCL properties (e.g., beam, delay, Doppler parameters, or the like) of the reference signal for one or more corresponding channels.

In some aspects, the unified TCI indication may be associated with the CORESET#0, the CORESET associated with a type 0A PDCCH CSS set, the CORESET associated with the type 1 PDCCH CSS set, or the CORESET associated with a type 2 PDCCH CSS set, the UE 630 may not have received a parameter configuring the UE to communicate the transmission using the unified TCI indication, and the UE 630 may communicate the transmission using the unified TCI indication. For example, for a unified TCI indication of target cell in the cell switch command (e.g., based at least in part on the unified TCI framework) applied to at least CORESET#0 and CORESETs (other than CORESET#0) associated with Type 0A/1/2-PDCCH CSS sets where the RRC parameter “followUnifiedTCI-state” is not enabled or not provided (e.g., indicating that the UE 630 may not follow the indicated unified TCI after cell switch is completed) , the UE 630 may follow the TCI state indicated in the cell switch command until a new TCI state is configured or activated by the target cell after cell switch command. For example, the UE 630 may follow the TCI state in the cell switch command for at least certain channels, such as channels associated with the CORESET#0 and CORESETs (other than CORESET#0) associated with Type 0A/1/2-PDCCH CSS sets.

In some aspects, the unified TCI indication may be associated with the CORESET#0, the CORESET associated with a type 0A PDCCH CSS set, the CORESET associated with the type 1 PDCCH CSS set, or the CORESET associated with a type 2 PDCCH CSS set, the UE 630 may not have received a parameter configuring the UE to communicate the transmission using the unified TCI indication, and the UE 630 may communicate the transmission using a QCL assumption of a SSB associated with the unified TCI indication. For example, for a unified TCI indication of target cell in the cell switch command (e.g., based at least in part on the unified TCI framework) applied to at least CORESET#0 and CORESETs (other than CORESET#0) associated with Type 0A/1/2-PDCCH CSS sets where the RRC parameter “followUnifiedTCI-state” is not enabled or not provided (e.g., indicating that the UE 630 may not follow the indicated unified TCI after cell switch is completed) , the UE 630 may use the QCL assumption of the SSB configured as the root QCL reference of the indicated TCI until a TCI activation or indication is provided in the target cell after the cell switch command. For example, the UE 630 may use the QCL assumption of the SSB derived from the TCI state in the cell switch command for at least certain channels, such as channels associated with the CORESET#0 and CORESETs (other than CORESET#0) associated with Type 0A/1/2-PDCCH CSS sets.

Communicating the transmission using the TCI state based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command that includes the indication of the TCI state associated with the TCI state pool of the target cell may clarify which TCI the UE 630 uses and when, thereby enabling the UE 630 to experience the low latency and low overhead associated with LTM. The LTM configuration configuring the TCI state pool may enable a flexible configuration whereby the TCI state is unrestricted as a beam management TCI state. The indication of the TCI state being a TCI state identifier associated with multiple target cells may reduce overhead by using one TCI state identifier for multiple target cells.

Deactivating a plurality of TCI states associated with a plurality of candidate cells and refraining from deactivating a plurality of TCI states associated with the target cell may reduce complexity for (e.g., reduce resources of) the UE 630 by enabling the UE 630 to refrain from tracking TCIs for additional candidate cells. Deactivating a plurality of TCI states associated with the target cell and refraining from deactivating a plurality of TCI states associated with a plurality of candidate cells may enable the UE 630 to quickly switch from the new target cell to another candidate cell.

As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 6.

Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example process 700 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 700 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with a TCI state for LTM.

As shown in Fig. 7, in some aspects, process 700 may include receiving an LTM configuration (block 710) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 802 and/or communication manager 806, depicted in Fig. 8) may receive an LTM configuration, as described above. In some aspects, the reception of the LTM configuration may be performed in a manner similar to reception of an LTM configuration as described above, e.g., in connection with reference number 640 of Fig. 6.

As further shown in Fig. 7, in some aspects, process 700 may include receiving, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command that includes an indication of a TCI state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell (block 720) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 802 and/or communication manager 806, depicted in Fig. 8) may receive, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command that includes an indication of a TCI state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell, as described above. In some aspects, the reception of the cell switch command may be performed in a manner similar to reception of a cell switch command as described above, e.g., in connection with reference number 650 of Fig. 6.

As further shown in Fig. 7, in some aspects, process 700 may include communicating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state (block 730) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 802, transmission component 804, and/or communication manager 806, depicted in Fig. 8) may communicate, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state, as described above. In some aspects, the communication of the transmission may be performed in a manner similar to communication of a transmission as described above, e.g., in connection with reference number 660 of Fig. 6.

Process 700 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, the LTM configuration configures the TCI state pool, e.g., as described above in connection with Fig. 6.

In a second aspect, a serving cell configuration of the target cell configures the TCI state pool, e.g., as described above in connection with Fig. 6.

In a third aspect, the TCI state is associated with a TCI state identifier, a QCL source RS, and a QCL type, and the TCI state identifier, the QCL source RS, and the QCL type are associated with the LTM configuration and the serving cell configuration of the target cell, e.g., as described above in connection with Fig. 6.

In a fourth aspect, process 700 includes measuring a SSB associated with one or more candidate cells including the target cell, and measuring, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command and a TRS configuration, a TRS associated with the target cell, e.g., as described above in connection with Fig. 6.

In a fifth aspect, the LTM configuration configures a TRS identifier that is valid after receiving the cell switch command, e.g., as described above in connection with Fig. 6.

In a sixth aspect, the LTM configuration configures a TRS identifier that is invalid after receiving the cell switch command, e.g., as described above in connection with Fig. 6.

In a seventh aspect, the indication of the TCI state is a TCI state identifier associated with multiple target cells including the target cell, e.g., as described above in connection with Fig. 6.

In an eighth aspect, process 700 includes activating a plurality of first TCI states, including the TCI state, and a plurality of second TCI states, and the plurality of first TCI states is associated with the target cell and the plurality of second TCI states is associated with a plurality of candidate cells, deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of second TCI states, and refraining from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of first TCI states, e.g., as described above in connection with Fig. 6.

In a ninth aspect, process 700 includes activating a plurality of first TCI states, including the TCI state, and a plurality of second TCI states, the plurality of first TCI states is associated with the target cell and the plurality of second TCI states is associated with a plurality of candidate cells, and process 700 includes deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of first TCI states, and refraining from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of second TCI states, e.g., as described above in connection with Fig. 6.

In a tenth aspect, process 700 includes activating a plurality of first TCI states, including the TCI state, and a plurality of second TCI states, the plurality of first TCI states is associated with the target cell and the plurality of second TCI states is associated with a plurality of candidate cells, and process 700 includes refraining from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of first TCI states and the plurality of second TCI states, e.g., as described above in connection with Fig. 6.

In an eleventh aspect, the TCI state is a first TCI state, and process 700 includes activating the TCI state and a plurality of second TCI states, deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of second TCI states, and refraining from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the TCI state, e.g., as described above in connection with Fig. 6.

In a twelfth aspect, process 700 includes selectively deactivating one or more TCI states, including the TCI state, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command and based at least in part on a UE capability, e.g., as described above in connection with Fig. 6.

In a thirteenth aspect, the indication of the TCI state is a unified TCI indication associated with a CORESET#0, a CORESET associated with a type 0A PDCCH CSS set, a CORESET associated with a type 1 PDCCH CSS set, or a CORESET associated with a type 2 PDCCH CSS set, the UE has not received a parameter configuring the UE to communicate the transmission using the unified TCI indication, and communicating the transmission includes communicating the transmission using the unified TCI indication, e.g., as described above in connection with Fig. 6.

In a fourteenth aspect, the indication of the TCI state is a unified TCI indication associated with a CORESET#0, a CORESET associated with a type 0A PDCCH CSS set, a CORESET associated with a type 1 PDCCH CSS set, or a CORESET associated with a type 2 PDCCH CSS set, the UE has not received a parameter configuring the UE to communicate the transmission using the unified TCI indication, and communicating the transmission includes communicating the transmission using a QCL assumption of an SSB associated with the unified TCI indication, e.g., as described above in connection with Fig. 6.

Although Fig. 7 shows example blocks of process 700, in some aspects, process 700 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 7. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 700 may be performed in parallel.

Fig. 8 is a diagram of an example apparatus 800 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 800 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 800. In some aspects, the apparatus 800 includes a reception component 802, a transmission component 804, and/or a communication manager 806, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and/or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 806 is the communication manager 140 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 800 may communicate with another apparatus 808, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 802 and the transmission component 804.

In some aspects, the apparatus 800 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Fig. 6. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 800 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 700 of Fig. 7. In some aspects, the apparatus 800 and/or one or more components shown in Fig. 8 may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 8 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.

The reception component 802 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 808. The reception component 802 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 800. In some aspects, the reception component 802 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 800. In some aspects, the reception component 802 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers/processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2.

The transmission component 804 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 808. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 800 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 804 for transmission to the apparatus 808. In some aspects, the transmission component 804 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 808. In some aspects, the transmission component 804 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers/processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 804 may be co-located with the reception component 802 in one or more transceivers.

The communication manager 806 may support operations of the reception component 802 and/or the transmission component 804. For example, the communication manager 806 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 802 and/or transmission of communications by the transmission component 804. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 806 may generate and/or provide control information to the reception component 802 and/or the transmission component 804 to control reception and/or transmission of communications.

The reception component 802 may receive an LTM configuration. The reception component 802 may receive, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command that includes an indication of a TCI state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell. The reception component 802 and/or the transmission component 804 may communicate, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state.

The communication manager 806 may measure an SSB associated with one or more candidate cells including the target cell.

The communication manager 806 may measure, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command and a TRS configuration, a TRS associated with the target cell.

The communication manager 806 may activate a plurality of first TCI states, including the TCI state, and a plurality of second TCI states, wherein the plurality of first TCI states is associated with the target cell and the plurality of second TCI states is associated with a plurality of candidate cells.

The communication manager 806 may deactivate, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of second TCI states.

The communication manager 806 may refrain from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of first TCI states.

The communication manager 806 may deactivate, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of first TCI states.

The communication manager 806 may refrain from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of second TCI states.

The communication manager 806 may refrain from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of first TCI states and the plurality of second TCI states.

The communication manager 806 may selectively deactivate one or more TCI states, including the TCI state, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command and based at least in part on a UE capability.

The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 8 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 8. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 8 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 8 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 8 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 8.

The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:

Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a UE, comprising: receiving an LTM configuration; receiving, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command that includes an indication of a TCI state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell; and communicating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state.

Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the LTM configuration configures the TCI state pool.

Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein a serving cell configuration of the target cell configures the TCI state pool.

Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 3, wherein the TCI state is associated with a TCI state identifier, a QCL source RS, and a QCL type, and wherein the TCI state identifier, the QCL source RS, and the QCL type are associated with the LTM configuration and the serving cell configuration of the target cell.

Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, further comprising: measuring an SSB associated with one or more candidate cells including the target cell; and measuring, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command and a TRS configuration, a TRS associated with the target cell.

Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein the LTM configuration configures a TRS identifier that is valid after receiving the cell switch command.

Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the LTM configuration configures a TRS identifier that is invalid after receiving the cell switch command.

Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the indication of the TCI state is a TCI state identifier associated with multiple target cells including the target cell.

Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, further comprising: activating a plurality of first TCI states, including the TCI state, and a plurality of second TCI states, wherein the plurality of first TCI states is associated with the target cell and the plurality of second TCI states is associated with a plurality of candidate cells; deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of second TCI states; and refraining from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of first TCI states.

Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, further comprising: activating a plurality of first TCI states, including the TCI state, and a plurality of second TCI states, wherein the plurality of first TCI states is associated with the target cell and the plurality of second TCI states is associated with a plurality of candidate cells; deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of first TCI states; and refraining from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of second TCI states.

Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, further comprising: activating a plurality of first TCI states, including the TCI state, and a plurality of second TCI states, wherein the plurality of first TCI states is associated with the target cell and the plurality of second TCI states is associated with a plurality of candidate cells; and refraining from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of first TCI states and the plurality of second TCI states.

Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the TCI state is a first TCI state, the method further comprising: activating the TCI state and a plurality of second TCI states; deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of second TCI states; and refraining from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the TCI state.

Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, further comprising: selectively deactivating one or more TCI states, including the TCI state, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command and based at least in part on a UE capability.

Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein the indication of the TCI state is a unified TCI indication associated with a CORESET#0, a CORESET associated with a type 0A PDCCH CSS set, a CORESET associated with a type 1 PDCCH CSS set, or a CORESET associated with a type 2 PDCCH CSS set, wherein the UE has not received a parameter configuring the UE to communicate the transmission using the unified TCI indication, and wherein communicating the transmission includes communicating the transmission using the unified TCI indication.

Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the indication of the TCI state is a unified TCI indication associated with a CORESET#0, a CORESET associated with a type 0A PDCCH CSS set, a CORESET associated with a type 1 PDCCH CSS set, or a CORESET associated with a type 2 PDCCH CSS set, wherein the UE has not received a parameter configuring the UE to communicate the transmission using the unified TCI indication, and wherein communicating the transmission includes communicating the transmission using a QCL assumption of an SSB associated with the unified TCI indication.

Aspect 16: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15.

Aspect 17: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15.

Aspect 18: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15.

Aspect 19: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15.

Aspect 20: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15.

Aspect 21: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15.

Aspect 22: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15.

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.

As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.

As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one. ”

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.

Claims

An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:

one or more memories; and

one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to:

receive a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) configuration;

receive, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command that includes an indication of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell; and

communicate, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the LTM configuration configures the TCI state pool.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a serving cell configuration of the target cell configures the TCI state pool.
The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the TCI state is associated with a TCI state identifier, a quasi-co-location (QCL) source reference signal (RS) , and a QCL type, and wherein the TCI state identifier, the QCL source RS, and the QCL type are associated with the LTM configuration and the serving cell configuration of the target cell.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further individually or collectively configured to:

measure a synchronization signal block (SSB) associated with one or more candidate cells including the target cell; and

measure, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command and a tracking reference signal (TRS) configuration, a TRS associated with the target cell.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the LTM configuration configures a tracking reference signal (TRS) identifier that is valid after receiving the cell switch command.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the LTM configuration configures a tracking reference signal (TRS) identifier that is invalid after receiving the cell switch command.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication of the TCI state is a TCI state identifier associated with multiple target cells including the target cell.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further individually or collectively configured to:

activate a plurality of first TCI states, including the TCI state, and a plurality of second TCI states, wherein the plurality of first TCI states is associated with the target cell and the plurality of second TCI states is associated with a plurality of candidate cells;

deactivate, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of second TCI states; and

refrain from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of first TCI states.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further individually or collectively configured to:

activate a plurality of first TCI states, including the TCI state, and a plurality of second TCI states, wherein the plurality of first TCI states is associated with the target cell and the plurality of second TCI states is associated with a plurality of candidate cells;

deactivate, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of first TCI states; and

refrain from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of second TCI states.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further individually or collectively configured to:

activate a plurality of first TCI states, including the TCI state, and a plurality of second TCI states, wherein the plurality of first TCI states is associated with the target cell and the plurality of second TCI states is associated with a plurality of candidate cells; and

refrain from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of first TCI states and the plurality of second TCI states.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further individually or collectively configured to:

activate the TCI state and a plurality of second TCI states;

deactivate, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the plurality of second TCI states; and

refrain from deactivating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the TCI state.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further individually or collectively configured to:

selectively deactivate one or more TCI states, including the TCI state, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command and based at least in part on a UE capability.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication of the TCI state is a unified TCI indication associated with a control resource set (CORESET) 0, a CORESET associated with a type 0A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) common search space (CSS) set, a CORESET associated with a type 1 PDCCH CSS set, or a CORESET associated with a type 2 PDCCH CSS set,

wherein a user equipment (UE) has not received a parameter configuring the UE to communicate the transmission using the unified TCI indication, and

wherein the one or more processors configured to communicate the transmission are configured to communicate the transmission using the unified TCI indication.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication of the TCI state is a unified TCI indication associated with a control resource set (CORESET) 0, a CORESET associated with a type 0A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) common search space (CSS) set, a CORESET associated with a type 1 PDCCH CSS set, or a CORESET associated with a type 2 PDCCH CSS set,

wherein a user equipment (UE) has not received a parameter configuring the UE to communicate the transmission using the unified TCI indication, and

wherein the one or more processors configured to communicate the transmission are configured to communicate the transmission using a quasi-co-location (QCL) assumption of a synchronization signal block (SSB) associated with the unified TCI indication.
A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:

receiving a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) configuration;

receiving, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command that includes an indication of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell; and

communicating, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state.
The method of claim 16, wherein the LTM configuration configures the TCI state pool.
The method of claim 16, wherein a serving cell configuration of the target cell configures the TCI state pool.
A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising:

one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE) , cause the UE to:

receive a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) configuration;

receive, based at least in part on the LTM configuration, a cell switch command that includes an indication of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state associated with a TCI state pool of a target cell; and

communicate, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, a transmission using the TCI state.
The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the LTM configuration configures the TCI state pool.