WO2025088209A1 - Formwork system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a formwork system (1) comprising a first supporting structure element (2) and a second supporting structure element (13). The formwork system (1) furthermore comprises a formwork device (8) comprising a first formwork element (7) and a second formwork element (14), wherein the first formwork element (7) is provided to be arranged on the first supporting structure element (2) and the second formwork element (14) is provided to be arranged on the second supporting structure element (13), wherein the formwork device (8) is provided to provide a filling space for receiving a solidifiable building material and to be moved along a longitudinal axis of the first and second supporting structure element (2, 13). The formwork system (1) furthermore comprises at least two force elements (15, 16) which are provided to be arranged between the first and second supporting structure element (2, 13) and are configured to counteract formwork pressure during operation of the formwork system (1). The invention also relates to a corresponding method.

Description

Description

Formwork system and process

This application claims priority from the German patent application with the official file number 10 2023 129 742.2, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

The present invention relates to a formwork system. The invention further relates to a method for such a formwork system.

Formwork systems for erecting buildings are well known in the art. They are used to construct building components, such as walls or ceilings, and are generally designed to create a backfill space for a hardenable building material, such as concrete. The building material can be poured into the backfill space and, once it has hardened, form the desired building component.

For larger building sections to be erected, it is also known to use a formwork system in which a formwork device is moved in the direction of construction in order to gradually erect the building section.

Since there is always a high level of competition in the construction industry, it is an aim to constantly improve the known formwork systems.

An object of the invention is to describe an improved formwork system and a corresponding method.

The above-mentioned object is achieved with the formwork system and the method according to the independent patent claims. Further advantageous embodiments are disclosed in the dependent patent claims, as well as in the figures and the following description. According to one aspect, a formwork system comprises a first support structure element and a second support structure element, as well as a formwork device. The formwork device comprises a first formwork element and a second formwork element, wherein the first formwork element is intended to be arranged on the first support structure element and the second formwork element is intended to be arranged on the second support structure element. The formwork device is intended to provide a filling space for receiving a consolidatable building material and to be moved along a longitudinal axis of the first and second support structure elements. The formwork system further comprises at least two force elements which are intended to be arranged between the first and second support structure elements and are configured to counteract formwork pressure during operation of the formwork system.

One advantage of this formwork system is that it allows for efficient and rapid erection. The formwork system is also particularly stable and secure when assembled, as the at least two force elements arranged between the first and second support structure elements in this state prevent or at least reduce deformation of the support structure elements by counteracting the formwork pressure. Any element that compensates for a tensile or compressive force between the support structure elements is suitable as a force element.

Furthermore, this formwork system also allows access to an area where a building component is to be constructed, as the formwork device consists of separate formwork elements that can be attached separately to the supporting scaffold elements. For example, this allows the first supporting scaffold element to be erected first with the first formwork element, and only later to erect the second supporting scaffold element with the second formwork element. Furthermore, easy access to the building component under construction is also possible, for example, via the supporting scaffold elements, for rework or similar.

According to at least one embodiment, a force element closest to the formwork device is a tensile force element and a force element arranged adjacent to the tensile force element is a compressive force element. Both force elements are, for example, steel tubes or profile elements, such as double U-profiles, each of which can be attached at one end to the shoring elements. When the formwork system is in operation, the solidifiable building material is poured into the filling chamber, and the material exerts pressure on the formwork elements of the formwork device, also known as formwork pressure. This formwork pressure is transferred to the shoring elements, which would then be subject to deformation.

The formwork pressure would cause the shoring elements to bulge in the area of the formwork fixture. This bulging is counteracted by the force element closest to the formwork fixture, i.e., the tensile force element. In other words, the tensile force element exerts a tensile force on the shoring elements that counteracts the formwork pressure.

This force equalization, in turn, would cause the supporting structure elements above the tensile force element to compress. This compression is counteracted by the force element adjacent to the tensile force element, i.e., the compressive force element. In other words, the compressive force element exerts a compressive force on the supporting structure elements that counteracts the compression.

According to at least one embodiment, the formwork device is designed to be moved during a consolidation process of the consolidatable building material.

One advantage of this formwork system is that it allows for anchorless, monolithic construction of the building section to be erected in one go. This allows for high construction speed.

The fact that the formwork device is designed to be moved during the hardening process means that the formwork device can be moved before the hardenable building material has completely hardened. For example, the formwork device can be moved continuously while the solidifiable building material is being poured in, or the formwork device can be moved and the solidifiable building material can be poured in intervals. In both cases, the movement is carried out during the hardening of the building material in such a way that, at one end of the formwork device, where the at least partially hardened building material leaves the filling space due to the movement of the formwork device, the building material is solidified at least to the extent that it essentially retains its shape.

For example, the formwork device is moved in increments of up to 5 cm, in particular in increments of 2 to 3 cm. The movement speed of the formwork device is, for example, 10 to 50 cm per hour, in particular 20 to 30 cm per hour.

According to at least one embodiment, the formwork device is designed to be stripped of the solidified building material and to be moved in the stripped state.

In this case, the formwork device is moved when the consolidable building material has hardened and has reached a form strength.

According to at least one embodiment, the formwork system comprises at least three force elements, wherein one of the force elements is always intended to be implemented during operation of the formwork system.

One advantage of this is that two force elements are always provided, inserted between the supporting scaffold elements, which thus represent, in particular, a tensile force element and a compressive force element as described above. A third force element can then be implemented during operation when the formwork device is moved. In this way, the formwork device and the tensile force elements can be moved along the longitudinal axis of the supporting scaffold elements, thus ensuring high stability throughout the entire construction process. According to at least one embodiment, the formwork system further comprises a pulling device which is designed to move the formwork device along the first and second supporting structure element, wherein the pulling device comprises at least one pulling cable and/or a pulling chain and/or a pulling rod.

One advantage of such a traction device for moving the formwork system is that it provides a simple and cost-effective movement mechanism for the formwork system. For example, the traction device comprises one or more cable pulleys arranged at the upper ends of the support structure elements.

According to at least one embodiment, the formwork system further comprises a climbing device which is configured to move the formwork device along the first and second supporting structure elements.

One advantage here is that a particularly precise and stable travel mechanism is provided, which enables the formwork device to be moved particularly evenly.

According to at least one embodiment, the climbing device comprises at least one hydraulic lifting cylinder and/or a motor-driven lifting device.

For example, hydraulic lifting cylinders are used, which are designed to climb up the supporting scaffold elements as part of a climbing unit along specially designed guide profiles. Such lifting cylinders are advantageous because they are particularly suitable for lifting large loads. For example, a motor-driven lifting device comprising a rack and pinion or a screw jack is suitable.

Alternatively or additionally, motor-driven lifting devices can be used, which can also ensure a smooth movement.

According to at least one embodiment, the first and/or the second supporting framework element comprises a truss structure and/or a steel girder structure. A particular advantage of truss structures is that they produce particularly stable and resilient support structures. Other steel girder structures can also be used to provide simple and cost-effective support structures. Combinations of truss structures and other steel girder structures are also possible.

According to at least one embodiment, the first and/or the second support structure element comprises at least one working platform and/or at least one access.

One advantage of this approach is that it provides workers with particularly easy and safe access to the structure under construction and to the formwork system itself. This allows, for example, rework to be carried out on the structure under construction.

According to at least one embodiment, a weight of the first and/or the second support structure element acts at least predominantly on a building floor and/or the first and/or the second support structure element is anchored to the building floor.

The building floor is defined here as the ground on which the weight of the building component to be erected will at least predominantly act. One advantage of this approach is that no suspended structures are used, especially those that must be attached to the building component itself. Erecting and operating the support scaffold elements that stand on the ground (i.e., the building floor) is particularly straightforward and safe.

According to at least one embodiment, the first support structure element and the second support structure element are aligned parallel to one another in a side view of the formwork system and are aligned parallel or radially to one another in a plan view of the formwork system.

The side view shown here shows a plane that is perpendicular to a main extension plane of the formwork elements. The fact that the support scaffold elements are parallel to each other in this view means that a component with a a constant wall thickness. In other words, the supporting structure elements are parallel to each other in the vertical direction.

The fact that the support structure elements are parallel to one another in a plan view results in a component that is straight in the horizontal direction. The fact that the support structure elements are radial to one another in a plan view results in a component that is curved in the horizontal direction. In this context, the fact that the support structure elements are arranged radially to one another means that comparable parts of the two support structure elements (e.g., front edges, center lines, etc.) are aligned along a radius, whereby the radius describes the bend of the component at that point. These two forms can of course be combined in sections. In this way, buildings with different floor plans can be created.

According to at least one embodiment, a horizontal distance A between the first support scaffolding element and the second support scaffolding element is A = Xi + X2 + D, where D is a wall thickness of the structure to be erected and Xi or X2 describes an extension of the first or second formwork element from the first or second support scaffolding element in the direction of the structure to be erected.

In this way, a precise and stable arrangement of the shoring elements and the formwork elements can be achieved, which can be adapted to the desired wall thickness of the structure to be erected. The dimensions Xi and X2 here each include the dimensions of the formwork surfaces of the formwork elements, as well as the fastening devices with which the formwork surfaces are attached to the shoring elements.

According to at least one embodiment, the first formwork element and the second formwork element are aligned parallel to one another in a side view of the formwork system and are aligned parallel or radially to one another in a plan view of the formwork system.

The views considered here correspond to the views explained above regarding the arrangement of the supporting scaffold elements. Here, too, the parallel arrangement in A side view of the formwork elements creates a component with a constant wall thickness in the vertical direction. The fact that the formwork elements are parallel to each other in the top view results in a component that is straight in the horizontal direction. The fact that the formwork elements are arranged radially in the top view results in a component that is curved in the horizontal direction. Here, too, the shapes can be combined in sections in the top view.

According to at least one embodiment, the at least two force elements are arranged in the vertical direction above the formwork device, aligned parallel to each other in a side view of the formwork system and designed straight in a plan view of the formwork system.

One advantage here is that the arrangement of the force elements described here effectively compensates for the formwork pressure described above and forces can act as evenly as possible between the supporting scaffold elements and the force elements.

The views described here correspond to the views explained above. In the plan view of the formwork system, the at least two force elements are preferably arranged parallel to one another or offset parallel to one another using an additional compensating element, for example, a horizontal bar.

According to at least one embodiment, the filling space is further provided for receiving reinforcement.

The advantage here is that the formwork system, which consists of several individual elements, allows for particularly easy access to the backfill space. This makes it particularly easy to install the reinforcement.

According to at least one embodiment, when the reinforcement is arranged in the filling space, the at least two force elements are guided through spaces in the reinforcement. One advantage here is that the force elements can be installed and removed during operation of the formwork system without the reinforcement affecting this.

According to at least one embodiment, the first and/or the second supporting framework element has at least one holder for the reinforcement.

One advantage of this is that the reinforcement can be held in position without having to erect additional devices.

According to at least one embodiment, a vertical distance between each two of the at least two force elements corresponds to a vertical extension of the first or second formwork element with tolerances of at most 15%, in particular with tolerances of at most 10%.

One advantage of this is that effective force compensation is ensured by the force elements. Particularly when at least three force elements are provided, it is advantageous if the tolerance values specified here balance each other at successive intervals, i.e., if a positive tolerance Y in a distance between a lowest force element closest to the formwork device and a middle force element is compensated by a corresponding negative tolerance Y in a distance between the middle force element and a top force element furthest from the formwork device.

As an example, assume a vertical extension (i.e., height) of the formwork elements of 150 cm. If the distance between the lowest force element and the middle force element is 140 cm, the distance between the middle force element and the top force element is preferably 160 cm.

The lowest force element is preferably mounted far enough above the upper edge of the formwork elements that the formwork device can be moved by a vertical length of the formwork device and still have space to remove and reinstall the lowest force element. The distance of the lowest force element to the upper edge of the formwork elements is therefore the height of the formwork element + Z, where Z describes the distance necessary to remove the force element.

According to at least one embodiment, the first support structure element and/or the second support structure element has at least one vertical strut, wherein the at least one vertical strut comprises receiving devices for the climbing device.

One advantage of this is that it enables safe and accurate guidance of the formwork device along the supporting scaffold elements.

The support devices for the formwork device are, for example, guide rails along which the formwork device is moved by means of a traction device. Alternatively, the support devices are, for example, support contours such as bolts, locking blocks, recesses, or similar, to which climbing devices can be arranged in a functionally connected manner.

According to a further aspect, a method comprises the following steps:

- Erection of a first supporting scaffold element,

- Attaching a first formwork element of a formwork device to the first supporting structure element;

- Erection of a second supporting scaffold element,

- Attaching a second formwork element of the formwork device to the second supporting structure element, so that the formwork device provides a filling space for receiving a consolidatable building material and the formwork device is movable along a longitudinal axis of the first and second supporting structure element,

- Attaching at least two force elements between the first and second support structure elements so that the at least two force elements counteract a formwork pressure during operation of the formwork system.

Advantages and possible configurations of the method essentially correspond to the advantages and configurations described in detail above and are not described again here. The sequence of process steps presented here is not intended to be restrictive. The steps can also be performed in a different order, as appropriate. For example, a sequence can be chosen in which the first formwork element is not installed until the second shoring element has already been erected.

According to at least one embodiment, the method further comprises the step:

- Installation of at least part of a reinforcement for the intended consolidatable building material.

One advantage of this is that, due to the modularity of the formwork system described above, installing reinforcement is particularly easy. For example, the reinforcement is installed after the first shoring element has been erected and before the second shoring element has been erected, particularly after the first formwork element has been installed. Alternatively, the reinforcement can also be installed after both shoring elements have already been erected.

According to at least one embodiment, at least three force elements are mounted between the first and second support structure elements, wherein during operation of the formwork system the force element closest to the formwork system is removed and mounted behind the force element furthest from the formwork system, as seen from the formwork system.

One advantage here is that a stable force distribution is ensured throughout by means of at least two built-in force elements, while a third force element can be implemented.

According to at least one advantageous embodiment, the method further comprises the steps:

- Filling the solidifiable building material into the filling space, and - Moving the formwork device along the longitudinal axis of the first and second supporting structure elements.

According to at least one advantageous embodiment:

- the movement of the shuttering device is carried out while the consolidatable building material is being filled or before the consolidatable building material has solidified, or

- the formwork device is removed from the building material after it has solidified and the formwork device is moved in the removed state.

Further advantageous embodiments are disclosed in the attached figures and the following description. Elements with essentially the same function are given the same reference numerals in the figures, but need not be identical in all details.

The figures show:

Figure 1 shows a formwork system according to an embodiment of the

Invention in different states of a structure of the formwork system,

Figure 2 shows a section of a formwork system according to a

Embodiment of the invention,

Figure 3 shows a climbing device for a formwork system according to a

Embodiment of the invention,

Figure 4 is a flowchart of a method of constructing a

Formwork system according to an embodiment of the invention,

Figure 5 is a flowchart of a method of operating a

Formwork system according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 1 shows a formwork system 1 according to an embodiment of the invention in different states A, B, C, D during construction of the formwork system 1. States A to D are each shown in a side view of the formwork system 1. The side view of the formwork system 1 shown in Figure 1 shows only a section of an overall system. For example, if a cylinder is being concreted, the formwork system can extend 360° around a center point of the cylinder to be constructed.

In a first state A, a first support scaffold element 2 is erected. In this exemplary embodiment, the first support scaffold element 2 has a truss structure. Accessible access routes 3 and work platforms 4 are arranged in the support scaffold element 2; for the sake of clarity, only a few of these are provided with reference numerals here.

The first supporting scaffold element 2 is anchored by means of anchors 5 to a building floor 6 on which the first supporting scaffold element 2 stands and on which the intended component is also to be erected.

A first formwork element 7 of a formwork device 8 is arranged on a side of the first support structure element 2 facing the component to be erected. Furthermore, a climbing device 9 is arranged on this side of the first support structure element 2, which is configured to move the first formwork element 7 vertically along a longitudinal axis L of the first support structure element 2.

The first support scaffold element 2 further comprises a vertical strut 10 on the side facing the component to be erected, to which the climbing device 9 is operatively connected. This will be described in more detail with reference to the following figures.

Furthermore, the first support scaffold element 2 has brackets 11 for reinforcement 12 of the component to be erected on the side facing the component to be erected. The brackets 11 hold the reinforcement 12 in position.

In this state A, it is clearly visible that good accessibility to the construction site is ensured. Since in state A only the first support scaffold element 2 was erected For example, reinforcement work can be carried out without obstruction. The installation of the first formwork element 7, shown here, is also possible without obstruction, as good accessibility is ensured, even for construction machinery.

In a second state B, which represents a state chronologically subsequent to the first state A, a second support scaffold element 13 is additionally erected. The second support scaffold element 13 is essentially similar to the first support scaffold element 2 and is mirrored relative to it on a vertical central axis of the formwork system 1.

The second support scaffold element 13 also has access points 3, working platforms 4, anchorages 5, another climbing device 9, and another vertical strut 10. Analogous to the first formwork element 7 of the first support scaffold element 2, the second support scaffold element 13 has a second formwork element 14 of the formwork device 8. The first formwork element 7 and the second formwork element 14 together form the formwork device 8 and are arranged such that they provide a filling space for receiving a consolidatable building material. In the exemplary embodiment shown here, however, the second support scaffold element does not have any additional brackets for the reinforcement 12, since the reinforcement 12 is already held in position by the brackets 11 of the first support scaffold element 2.

For the elements of the second support structure element that are analogous to the first support structure element, reference is made to the above description, which is not repeated here.

In state B, a first force element 15, a second force element 16, and a third force element 17 are arranged between the first and second support structure elements 2, 13. The force elements 15, 16, 17 are arranged vertically above the formwork device 8 and extend through gaps in the reinforcement 12. The force elements 15, 16, 17 are, for example, steel profile tubes or other tubular or profile elements, such as double U-profiles, which are dimensioned to withstand formwork pressure resulting from the filling of a solidifiable building material into the filling space. The first force element 15, which is closest to the formwork device 8, is a tensile force element. The second force element 16, which is arranged above and adjacent to the first force element 15, is a compressive force element. In state B, no significant force acts on the uppermost, third force element 17, compared to the first and second force elements 15, 16. This third force element 17 is provided so that, when the formwork device 8 is moved, the first force element 15 can be removed and reinserted above the third force element 17, while at least two force elements are always attached to the supporting structure elements 2, 14.

The formwork pressure would cause a bulging of the supporting scaffold elements 2, 13 in the area of the formwork device 8. This bulging is counteracted by the first force element 15, i.e., the tensile force element.

This force equalization, in turn, would cause the supporting structure elements 2 and 13 to compress, i.e., move toward each other. This compression is counteracted by the second force element 16, i.e., the compressive force element.

A vertical distance between any two of the three force elements 15, 16, 17 corresponds to a vertical extension of the first or second formwork element, respectively, with tolerances of no more than 15%, in particular with tolerances of no more than 10%. Please note that the representations in the figures may not be to scale, and these distances may appear different in the figures.

Preferably, the distances between the force elements 15, 16, 17 are selected such that the tolerance values specified here compensate for each other at successive distances, ie if a positive tolerance Y occurs at a distance between the first force element 15 and the second force element 16, this is compensated for by a corresponding negative tolerance Y at a distance between the second force element 16 and the third force element 17. The first force element 15 is preferably mounted so far above an upper edge of the formwork device 8 that a vertical length of the formwork device 8 can be moved while still leaving space to remove the first force element 15. These distances may also not be shown to scale in the figures.

In state B, the second supporting scaffold element 13 and the reinforcement 12 are not constructed to the full height of the first supporting scaffold element 2. This illustrates that the construction can be designed successively, which is advantageous, for example, with regard to construction time, since filling with the consolidatable building material could already begin in state B.

In a third state C, which represents a state chronologically subsequent to the second state B, the reinforcement 12 is further constructed, now up to the full height of the first supporting scaffold element 2. Furthermore, an outline of the component 18 to be erected is shown in state C for improved clarity. However, in this state C, the component 18 itself has not yet been erected.

In a fourth state D, which represents a state chronologically subsequent to the third state C, the second support scaffold element 13 is now also erected to the full intended construction height of component 18. In the illustrations shown here, reinforcement 12 and the second support scaffold element 13 are erected in two stages; alternatively, however, these parts can of course also be erected in just one stage or in more than two stages. The construction height of the first support scaffold element 2 can also be further increased.

In state D, filling of the filling space with, for example, concrete has begun. The formwork device 8 was climbed up the supporting structure elements 2, 13 using the climbing devices 9 in order to continuously form a solidifying portion of the concrete. While the concrete is being poured, the formwork device 8 climbs upwards. This can happen simultaneously or alternately at intervals. Since in state D the formwork device has already reached a height where previously, in states B to C, the first force element 15 was arranged, state D shows the situation that the first force element 15 has already been removed from its previous position and has now been reinserted above the third force element 17.

In this state D, the second force element 16 is the one closest to the formwork device 8 and is thus the tensile force element. The third force element 17 is thus the compressive force element in state D, and in comparison, no significant force acts on the first force element 15.

This transfer of the lowest force element is repeated successively while the formwork device 8 climbs upwards.

Some elements are only explained in more detail when they are first mentioned in the description of the figures, or are provided with reference symbols when they are first mentioned in the respective figures. The descriptions and markings of these elements that appear again in subsequent figures apply accordingly and are not necessarily repeated for the sake of clarity.

Figure 2 shows a section of a formwork system 1 according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 shows, in particular, a section of the formwork system 1 as described in Figure 1. The state shown in Figure 2 corresponds to a state in which the filling of the solidifiable building material has already begun, for example, state D in Figure 1.

Figure 2 shows a section of the formwork system 1, depicting the formwork device 8 and the climbing devices 9. Parts of the supporting scaffold elements 2, 13 can be seen from the side. Elements and details of the formwork system 1 that have already been described in detail with reference to Figure 1 will not be described again here.

In Figure 2, the first formwork element 7 and the second formwork element

14 of the formwork device 8 can be clearly seen. Both formwork elements 7, 14 Each has a formwork surface 19, which represents the lateral boundaries of the filling space and thus forms the building material. The building material, in this embodiment a concrete 21, is shown here in various layers. The topmost view is the most recently filled, liquid layer; a layer below it is a layer during the solidification process; and below that is the solidified concrete wall.

Furthermore, it can be seen in Figure 2 that a horizontal distance A between the first support scaffold element 2 and the second support scaffold element (13) is A = Xi + X2 + D. D here describes a wall thickness of the structure to be erected and Xi or X2 an extension of the first or second formwork element 7, 14 from the first or second support scaffold element 2, 13 in the direction of the structure to be erected.

The formwork device 8 is guided along the vertical struts 10 of the supporting scaffold elements 2, 13 via rollers 20. As an alternative to the rollers 20 on the formwork device 8, corresponding rollers can be provided on the vertical struts 10 and guides on the formwork device 8 for guiding the formwork device 8 along the rollers. Both guides ensure smooth and accurate movement of the formwork device 8.

The formwork elements 7, 14 are each connected to climbing devices 9. The climbing devices 9 are designed to climb vertically upwards on the respective vertical struts 10.

For this purpose, the climbing devices 9 each have two climbing heads 22, which are arranged at opposite ends of the climbing devices 9. Between the climbing heads 22, each of the climbing devices 9 has a hydraulic lifting cylinder 24.

By means of the climbing heads 22, the climbing devices 9 can be locked and released at retaining catches 23 arranged on the vertical struts 10. By alternately locking and releasing the two climbing heads 22 of the respective climbing device 9 and alternately extending and retracting the hydraulic lifting cylinders 24, the climbing devices 9 are raised up the vertical struts 10. climbed. Via the connections of the climbing devices 9 with the formwork elements 7, 14, the climbing devices 9 move the formwork device 8 gradually upwards along the longitudinal axes of the supporting structure elements 2, 13.

The climbing mechanism described here enables precise and positionally accurate movement of the formwork device 8 on the supporting scaffold elements 2, 13. In addition, relatively high climbing speeds can be achieved without great effort, and correspondingly short construction times can be achieved.

As an alternative to the climbing mechanism described here, a pulling device can also be attached to the supporting scaffold elements 2, 13, for example at an upper end, by means of which the formwork device 8 is moved along the supporting scaffold elements 2, 13 via rope, chain or rod pulleys.

In addition, motor-driven lifting mechanisms can also be used to move the formwork device 8 along the supporting scaffold elements 2, 13.

The climbing mechanism described here is also described in detail in patent application EP 0681635 B1. Another alternative climbing mechanism, which also uses a lifting cylinder, is also described in Figure 3.

The advantage of the embodiments described here is that no anchors have to be introduced into the produced component.

Figure 3 shows an alternative climbing device 9' that can be used for a formwork system according to an embodiment of the invention.

The climbing device 9' shown here comprises a climbing rail 25 and a lifting cylinder 24'. A climbing lifting rail (not shown here) is arranged on the climbing rail 25, to which a lower end 27 of the lifting cylinder 24' is firmly connected. The climbing lifting rail is displaceable relative to the climbing rail 25 and is guided by the climbing rail 25. An upper end 26 of the lifting cylinder 24' is connected to the climbing rail 25. By extending and retracting the lifting cylinder 24', the climbing lifting rail is moved relative to the climbing rail 25, and by locking the climbing device to the locking devices provided for this purpose, the formwork device climbs upwards. A detailed description of such a climbing device can be found, for example, in patent application DE 102018117727 A1.

The drive rail is connected to a formwork device, for example as shown in Figures 1 and 2, so that with the above-described retraction of the drive rail, the formwork device is also moved step by step.

Figure 4 shows a flowchart of a method for constructing a formwork system according to an embodiment of the invention. For example, this method can be used to construct one of the formwork systems described above.

In a step 101, a first supporting scaffold element is erected on a first side of a component to be erected, i.e. a wall to be constructed, and anchored to a building floor on which the component is also to be erected.

In a step 102, a first formwork element of a formwork device is mounted on the first support structure element. Furthermore, in step 102, a climbing device for the first formwork element is also mounted on the first support structure element.

In a step 103, reinforcement for the structural component to be erected is installed in specified units. The reinforcement is temporarily attached to the first supporting scaffold element using brackets.

In a step 104, a second support scaffold element is erected on a second side of the component to be erected, opposite the first side of the component to be erected, and anchored to the building ground. The second support scaffold element is erected, in particular, to a height to which the reinforcement is installed. This can in particular be less than a desired construction height of the component and/or less than a height of the first supporting structure element.

In a step 105, a second formwork element and a climbing device for the second formwork element are mounted on the second supporting structure element, so that the first formwork element and the second formwork element form a formwork device which forms a filling space for a consolidatable building material.

In a step 106, force elements are attached between the opposing support structure elements. For example, at least two force elements, in particular at least three force elements, are attached. The force elements are guided through the reinforcement and releasably attached to the support structure elements.

In a step 107, any remaining reinforcement is installed if it was not previously installed to the full construction height.

In a step 108, the second support scaffold element is erected to full construction height if it was not previously erected to full construction height.

In a step 109, an assembly acceptance is carried out before the operation of the formwork system begins, i.e. before filling a solidifiable building material into the formwork device begins.

Figure 5 shows a flowchart of a method for operating a formwork system according to an embodiment of the invention. For example, this method can be used to operate one of the formwork systems described above.

In a step 201, a filling of a solidifiable building material, hereinafter concrete by way of example, into a filling space formed by a formwork device is started. In a step 202, the formwork device is moved along a first and a second support structure element. This can be carried out continuously or stepwise. For example, the formwork device is moved in steps of 1 to 5 cm, in particular 2 to 3 cm. The speed at which the formwork device is moved is, for example, 10 to 50 cm per hour, in particular 20 to 30 cm per hour. The speed depends, for example, on a concrete mixture or, generally, on the hardening parameters of a hardenable building material. The pouring of concrete into the filling space can be continued or interrupted during the movement of the formwork device.

The method in step 202 can be performed in different ways.

According to a first alternative, the method 202 comprises a step 2021, according to which the formwork device is pulled upwards by means of a pulling device or is moved by means of a motor.

According to a second alternative, method 202 comprises climbing by means of climbing devices, for example steps 2022 to 2025, wherein in a step 2022, a lifting cylinder is extended while a weight rests on a lower climbing head of the climbing device until an upper climbing head has reached a next retaining notch. In a step 2023, the weight is transferred from the lower to the upper climbing head. In a step 2024, the formwork device is raised by retracting the lifting cylinder until the lower climbing head reaches a next retaining notch. In a step 2025, the weight is transferred again from the upper to the lower climbing head. These steps 2022 to 2025 are then repeated in order to move the formwork device step by step.

According to a third alternative, the method 202 comprises steps 2026 to 2029, wherein in a step 2026, the method waits until the last concrete layer has solidified. Subsequently, in a step 2027, the formwork device is stripped of the solidified concrete. In a step 2028, the formwork device is moved upwards in the stripped state. In a step 2029, according to the method, the Formwork device is repositioned. In this alternative, no concrete is poured during the formwork device process 202.

In a step 203, a lowest force element closest to the formwork device is removed and reinstalled above a top force element. In an embodiment in which at least three force elements are arranged between the supporting structure elements, this removal and reinstallation of the force element can take place while the concrete is being poured or while the concrete has not yet hardened. In the case of the third alternative described above, in which the formwork device is stripped, only two force elements can be used, with the removal and reinstallation taking place when the formwork device is stripped or at least when the concrete has hardened.

The formwork is designed to allow for continuous growth of the structure. The concrete must be poured evenly in layers across the entire footprint. The first and second shoring elements are designed accordingly. The layer height, concrete mix, strength development, and climbing speed are coordinated. This allows for continuous concreting until the final height of the structure is reached, especially if the formwork is not removed during the movement.

Although this description always refers to a first and a second support scaffold element, these support scaffold elements can also consist of multiple parts, for example, several scaffold towers arranged in a row. The layer height, concrete mix, strength, and climbing speed are coordinated. List of reference symbols

1 formwork system

2 first supporting scaffold element

3 Ascent

4 work platforms

5 Anchoring

6 Building land

7 first formwork element

8 Formwork device

9.9' climbing device

10 Vertical strut

11 Bracket

12 Reinforcement

13 second supporting scaffold element

14 second formwork element

15 first force element

16 second force element

17 third force element

18 building components to be constructed

19 Formwork area

20 roller

21 Concrete

22 Climbing Head

23 retaining clip

24, 24' lifting cylinder

25 climbing rails

26 upper end

27 lower end

L Longitudinal axis

A, B, C, D states

101 to 109 steps

201 to 203 steps

Claims

Patent claims 1. Formwork system (1) comprising: - a first supporting structure element (2) and a second supporting structure element (13), - a formwork device (8) comprising a first formwork element (7) and a second formwork element (14), wherein the first formwork element (7) is intended to be arranged on the first supporting structure element (2) and the second formwork element (14) is intended to be arranged on the second supporting structure element (13), wherein the formwork device (8) is intended to provide a filling space for receiving a consolidatable building material and to be moved along a longitudinal axis (L) of the first and second supporting structure elements (2, 13), and - at least two force elements (15, 16) which are intended to be arranged between the first and second supporting structure elements (2, 13) and are designed to counteract a formwork pressure during operation of the formwork system (1). 2. Formwork system (1) according to claim 1, wherein a force element (15) closest to the formwork device (8) is a tensile force element and a force element (16) arranged adjacent to the tensile force element is a compressive force element. 3. Formwork system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the formwork device (8) is adapted to be moved during a consolidation process of the consolidatable building material. 4. Formwork system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the formwork device (8) is designed to be stripped of the solidified building material and to be moved in the stripped state. 5. Formwork system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the formwork system (1) comprises at least three force elements (15, 16, 17), wherein one of the force elements (15, 16, 17) is always intended to be moved during operation of the formwork system (1). 6. Formwork system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a pulling device which is designed to move the formwork device (8) along the first and second supporting structure element (2, 13), wherein the pulling device comprises at least one pulling cable and/or a pulling chain and/or a pulling rod. 7. Formwork system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a climbing device (9, 9') which is designed to move the formwork device (8) along the first and second supporting structure element (2, 13). 8. Formwork system (1) according to claim 7, wherein the climbing device (9, 9') comprises at least one hydraulic lifting cylinder and/or a motor-driven lifting device. 9. Formwork system (1) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the first support structure element (2) and/or the second support structure element (13) have at least one vertical strut (10), wherein the at least one vertical strut (10) comprises receiving devices for the climbing device (9, 9'). 10. Formwork system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first and/or the second supporting structure element (2, 13) comprises a truss structure and/or a steel girder structure. 11. Formwork system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first and/or the second supporting structure element (2, 13) comprises at least one working platform (4) and/or at least one access (3). 12. Formwork system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a weight of the first and/or the second support structure element (2, 13) acts at least predominantly on a building floor (6) and/or the first and/or the second support structure element (2, 13) is anchored to the building floor (6). 13. Formwork system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the first Supporting frame element (2) and the second supporting frame element (13) in side view of the Formwork system (1) are aligned parallel to each other and are aligned parallel or radially to each other in a plan view of the formwork system (1). 14. Formwork system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein a horizontal distance A between the first support structure element (2) and the second support structure element (13) is A = Xi + X2 + D, where D is a wall thickness of the structure to be erected and Xi or X2 describes an extension of the first or second formwork element (7, 14) from the first or second support structure element (2, 13) in the direction of the structure to be erected. 15. Formwork system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the first formwork element (7) and the second formwork element (14) are aligned parallel to one another in a side view of the formwork system (1) and are aligned parallel or radially to one another in a plan view of the formwork system (1). 16. Formwork system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the at least two force elements (15, 16) are arranged in the vertical direction above the formwork device (8), are aligned parallel to one another in a side view of the formwork system (1) and are straight in a plan view of the formwork system (1). 17. Formwork system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the filling space is further provided for receiving a reinforcement (12). 18. Formwork system (1) according to claim 17, wherein, when the reinforcement (12) is arranged in the filling space, the at least two force elements (15, 16) are passed through spaces in the reinforcement (12). 19. Formwork system (1) according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the first and/or the second supporting structure element (2, 13) has at least one holder (11) for the reinforcement (12). 20. Formwork system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 19, wherein a vertical distance between each two of the at least two force elements (15, 16) corresponds to a vertical extension of the first or second formwork element (7, 14) with tolerances of at most 15%, in particular with tolerances of at most 10%. 21. Procedure comprising the following steps: - erection of a first supporting scaffold element (2), - attaching a first formwork element (7) of a formwork device (8) to the first supporting structure element (2); - erection of a second supporting scaffold element (13), - Attaching a second formwork element (14) of the formwork device (8) to the second supporting structure element (13) so that the formwork device (8) provides a filling space for receiving a consolidatable building material and the formwork device (8) is movable along a longitudinal axis of the first and second supporting structure element (2, 13), - Attaching at least two force elements (15, 16) between the first and second supporting structure elements (2, 13) so that the at least two force elements (15, 16) counteract a formwork pressure during operation of the formwork system (1). 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising the step: - Installing at least part of a reinforcement (12) for the intended consolidatable building material. 23. Method according to claim 21 or 22, wherein at least three force elements (15, 16, 17) are mounted between the first and second supporting framework elements (2, 13), wherein during operation of the formwork system (1) the force element (15) closest to the formwork system (1) is removed and mounted behind the force element (17) furthest away from the formwork system (1), as seen from the formwork system (1). 24. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 23, further comprising the steps: - Filling the solidifiable building material into the filling space, and - Moving the formwork device (8) along the longitudinal axis of the first and second supporting structure elements (2, 13). 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein: - the movement of the formwork device (8) is carried out while the consolidatable building material is being filled or before the consolidatable building material has solidified, or - the formwork device (8) is removed from the building material after it has solidified and the movement of the formwork device (8) is carried out in the removed state.