WO2025080053A1 - Method by which terminal transmits message and device therefor in wireless communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed according to various embodiments are a method by which a first device transmits messages and a device therefor in a wireless communication system. Disclosed are a method and a device therefor, the method comprising: a step in which a first device transmits a first message including mobility information about the first device via a first link connected to a network; and a step for transmitting a second message associated with the first message via a second link for device-to-device direct communication.

Description

Method for transmitting a message by a terminal in a wireless communication system and device therefor

The present invention relates to a method for transmitting V2X messages and V2N messages by a terminal in a wireless communication system and a device therefor.

A wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include a CDMA (code division multiple access) system, an FDMA (frequency division multiple access) system, a TDMA (time division multiple access) system, an OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) system, an SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) system, and an MC-FDMA (multi carrier frequency division multiple access) system.

Sidelink (SL) refers to a communication method that establishes a direct link between user equipment (UE) to directly exchange voice or data between terminals without going through a base station (BS). SL is being considered as a solution to solve the burden on base stations due to rapidly increasing data traffic.

V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and objects with built-in infrastructure through wired/wireless communication. V2X can be divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through the PC5 interface and/or the Uu interface.

Meanwhile, as more and more communication devices require greater communication capacity, there is a growing need for improved mobile broadband communication over existing Radio Access Technology (RAT). Accordingly, communication systems that consider services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed, and the next-generation radio access technology that considers improved mobile broadband communication, massive MTC (Machine Type Communication), URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication), etc. can be called new RAT (new radio access technology) or NR (new radio). V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication can also be supported in NR.

Figure 1 is a diagram for explaining and comparing V2X communication based on RAT before NR and V2X communication based on NR.

In relation to V2X communication, in RATs prior to NR, methods for providing safety services based on V2X messages such as Basic Safety Message (BSM), Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM), and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) have been mainly discussed. V2X messages may include location information, dynamic information, attribute information, etc. For example, a terminal may transmit a CAM of a periodic message type and/or a DENM of an event triggered message type to another terminal.

For example, CAM may include basic vehicle information such as vehicle dynamic status information such as direction and speed, vehicle static data such as dimensions, exterior lighting status, and route history. For example, the terminal may broadcast CAM, and the latency of the CAM may be less than 100ms. For example, when an emergency situation such as vehicle breakdown or accident occurs, the terminal may generate DENM and transmit it to other terminals. For example, all vehicles within the transmission range of the terminal may receive CAM and/or DENM. In this case, DENM may have a higher priority than CAM.

Since then, various V2X scenarios have been proposed in NR in relation to V2X communication. For example, various V2X scenarios may include vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, and remote driving.

For example, based on vehicle platooning, vehicles can dynamically form a group and move together. For example, in order to perform platoon operations based on vehicle platooning, vehicles belonging to the group can receive periodic data from the lead vehicle. For example, vehicles belonging to the group can use the periodic data to reduce or increase the gap between vehicles.

For example, based on improved driving, the vehicles can be semi-autonomous or fully automated. For example, each vehicle can adjust its trajectories or maneuvers based on data acquired from local sensors of nearby vehicles and/or nearby logical entities. Additionally, for example, each vehicle can share driving intentions with nearby vehicles.

For example, based on the extended sensors, raw data or processed data, or live video data acquired through local sensors can be exchanged between vehicles, logical entities, pedestrian terminals, and/or V2X application servers. Thus, for example, the vehicle can perceive the environment better than it can perceive using its own sensors.

For example, based on remote driving, for a person who cannot drive or a remote vehicle located in a dangerous environment, a remote driver or V2X application can operate or control the remote vehicle. For example, in the case of predictable paths such as public transportation, cloud computing-based driving can be used to operate or control the remote vehicle. In addition, for example, access to a cloud-based back-end service platform can be considered for remote driving.

Meanwhile, a method to specify service requirements for various V2X scenarios, such as vehicle platooning, enhanced driving, expanded sensors, and remote driving, is being discussed in NR-based V2X communications.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently transmitting a message by a terminal in a wireless communication system and a device therefor.

The technical challenges are not limited to the technical challenges mentioned above, and other technical challenges not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs from the description below.

A method for transmitting a message in a wireless communication system according to one aspect, comprises the steps of: transmitting a first message including mobility information about the first device through a first link connected to a network; and transmitting a second message linked to the first message through a second link for direct communication between devices, wherein the first message may further include hybrid flag information indicating that the first message and the second message are linked to each other.

Alternatively, the first message is characterized in that it further includes linking information about first identification information of the second device associated with the first link and second identification information of the second device associated with the second link.

Alternatively, the first message is characterized by further including mode information for a hybrid service providing method linking the first message and the second message.

Alternatively, the mode information is characterized by indicating one mode from among mode 1 in which the same type of message is sequentially transmitted to each of the first link and the second link, mode 2 in which essential data elements among data elements for the mobility information are transmitted as the second message and additional information for service extension is transmitted as the second message, mode 3 in which a first service related to the first link and a second service related to the second link are linked, and mode 4 in which the message is forwarded to a link different from the link in which the message is received.

Alternatively, based on the mode information indicating mode 1 being included in the first message, the first device is characterized in that it generates the first message and the second message to have different generation times.

Alternatively, the method further comprises receiving a third message including linkage information including the hybrid flag information and identification information of the second device associated with the first link and identification information of the second device associated with the second link; and updating a device list for hybrid devices capable of transmitting messages on both the first link and the second link based on the linkage information.

Alternatively, the hybrid flag information is characterized in that it is included in the header of the first message.

Alternatively, the first link is characterized as being a link based on a Uu interface, and the second link is characterized as being a link based on a PC5 interface.

According to another aspect, a computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for performing the method of transmitting a message as described above may be provided.

According to another aspect, a first device may be provided which performs the method of transmitting a message as described above.

According to another aspect, a processing device may be provided for controlling a first device for performing the method of transmitting a message as described above.

According to another aspect, a method for a second device to receive a message in a wireless communication system may include: receiving a first message from the second device to the first device via a first link connected to a network; receiving messages via a second link for direct communication between the devices; and associating a second message among the messages with the first message based on the first message further including hybrid flag information.

According to another aspect, a computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for performing the method of receiving a message as described above may be provided.

According to another aspect, a second device may be provided which performs the method of receiving a message as described above.

According to another aspect, a processing device may be provided for controlling a second device to perform the method of receiving a message as described above.

According to one embodiment, a terminal in a wireless communication system can efficiently transmit and receive messages.

The effects that can be obtained in various embodiments are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains from the description below.

The drawings appended hereto are included to provide an understanding of the present invention and to illustrate various embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description of the specification, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.

Figure 1 is a diagram for explaining and comparing V2X communication based on RAT before NR and V2X communication based on NR.

Figure 2 shows the structure of the LTE system.

Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

Figure 4 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR.

Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on transparent payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a typical scenario for an NTN based on a regenerative payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 11 shows the radio protocol architecture for SL communication.

Figure 12 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

Figure 13 shows resource units for V2X or SL communication.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figures 16 and 17 are drawings for explaining the message operation method of a hybrid terminal.

Figures 18 and 19 are diagrams for explaining messages transmitted by a hybrid terminal through two communications.

Figure 20 is a diagram illustrating how a network manages a list of HD terminals.

Figure 21 is a block diagram briefly illustrating the configuration of an HD UE.

Figures 22 and 23 are drawings for explaining modes for providing hybrid services.

Figure 24 is a diagram for explaining how an HD UE transmits and receives messages based on hybrid communication.

FIG. 25 is a drawing for explaining how the first device performs a hybrid operation.

FIG. 26 is a drawing illustrating how a second device performs operations related to hybridization.

Figure 27 illustrates a communication system applied to the present invention.

Figure 28 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present invention.

Fig. 29 shows another example of a wireless device applied to the present invention.

Figure 30 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied.

A wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include a CDMA (code division multiple access) system, an FDMA (frequency division multiple access) system, a TDMA (time division multiple access) system, an OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) system, an SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) system, and an MC-FDMA (multi carrier frequency division multiple access) system.

Sidelink refers to a communication method that establishes a direct link between user equipment (UE) to directly exchange voice or data between terminals without going through a base station (BS). Sidelink is being considered as a solution to solve the burden on base stations due to rapidly increasing data traffic.

V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and objects with built-in infrastructure through wired/wireless communication. V2X can be divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through the PC5 interface and/or the Uu interface.

Meanwhile, as more and more communication devices require greater communication capacity, there is a growing need for improved mobile broadband communication over existing Radio Access Technology (RAT). Accordingly, communication systems that consider services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed, and the next-generation radio access technology that considers improved mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication) can be called new RAT (new radio access technology) or NR (new radio). V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication can also be supported in NR.

The following technology can be used in various wireless communication systems, such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications)/GPRS (general packet radio service)/EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA). IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e, providing backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system). 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long term evolution) is a part of E-UMTS (evolved UMTS) that uses E-UTRA (evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access), employing OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink. LTE-A (advanced) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

5G NR is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system that is the successor technology to LTE-A and has the characteristics of high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to intermediate frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

For clarity of explanation, the description will focus on LTE-A or 5G NR, but the technical idea of the embodiment(s) is not limited thereto.

Figure 2 shows the structure of an applicable LTE system. This may be called an Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), or a Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-A system.

Referring to FIG. 2, the E-UTRAN includes a base station (20; BS) that provides a control plane and a user plane to a terminal (10). The terminal (10) may be fixed or mobile, and may be called by other terms such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device, etc. The base station (20) refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal (10), and may be called by other terms such as an evolved-NodeB (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc.

Base stations (20) can be connected to each other through the X2 interface. The base station (20) is connected to an EPC (Evolved Packet Core, 30) through the S1 interface, more specifically, to an MME (Mobility Management Entity) through the S1-MME and to an S-GW (Serving Gateway) through the S1-U.

EPC (30) consists of MME, S-GW, and P-GW (Packet Data Network-Gateway). MME has terminal connection information or terminal capability information, and this information is mainly used for terminal mobility management. S-GW is a gateway with E-UTRAN as an end point, and P-GW is a gateway with PDN as an end point.

The layers of the Radio Interface Protocol between the terminal and the network can be divided into L1 (the first layer), L2 (the second layer), and L3 (the third layer) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer belonging to the first layer provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in the third layer controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

Referring to FIG. 3, the NG-RAN may include a gNB and/or an eNB that provides user plane and control plane protocol termination to the UE. FIG. 7 illustrates a case where only a gNB is included. The gNB and the eNB are connected to each other via an Xn interface. The gNB and the eNB are connected to a 5th generation core network (5G Core Network: 5GC) via an NG interface. More specifically, they are connected to an access and mobility management function (AMF) via an NG-C interface, and to a user plane function (UPF) via an NG-U interface.

Figure 4 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR.

Referring to FIG. 4, a radio frame can be used in uplink and downlink transmission in NR. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (Half-Frames, HF). A half-frame can include five 1 ms subframes (Subframes, SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe can be determined according to the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols according to the cyclic prefix (CP).

When normal CP is used, each slot can include 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can include 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

Table 1 below illustrates the number of symbols per slot ((N ^slot _symb ), the number of slots per frame ((N ^frame,u slot )) and the number of slots per subframe ((N ^subframe,u _slot )) depending on the SCS setting ( _u ) when normal CP is used.

SCS (15*2 ^u ) N ^slot _symb N ^frame,u _slot N ^subframe,u _slot 15KHz (u=0) 14 10 1 30KHz (u=1) 14 20 2 60KHz (u=2) 14 40 4 120KHz (u=3) 14 80 8 240KHz (u=4) 14 160 16

Table 2 illustrates the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to SCS when extended CP is used.

SCS (15*2 ^u ) N ^slot _symb N ^frame,u _slot N ^subframe,u _slot 60KHz (u=2) 12 40 4

In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into one terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) section of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI) (conveniently referred to as TU (Time Unit)) consisting of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

In NR, multiple numerologies or SCS can be supported to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, wide area in traditional cellular bands can be supported, and when the SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency and wider carrier bandwidth can be supported. When the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges. The two types of frequency ranges can be FR1 and FR2. The numerical value of the frequency range can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges can be as shown in Table 3 below. Among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean "sub 6GHz range", and FR2 can mean "above 6GHz range" and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).

Frequency Range designation Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) FR1 450MHz - 6000MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz - 52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 can include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 can include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included in FR1 can include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band can be used for various purposes, for example, it can be used for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

Frequency Range designation Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) FR1 410MHz - 7125MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz - 52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

Referring to FIG. 5, a slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 12 symbols. Or, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols.

A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) can be defined as a plurality (for example, 12) of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain and can correspond to one numerology (for example, SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include at most N (for example, 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through activated BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped.

Meanwhile, the wireless interface between terminals or between terminals and a network may be composed of an L1 layer, an L2 layer, and an L3 layer. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the L1 layer may mean a physical layer. In addition, for example, the L2 layer may mean at least one of a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, and an SDAP layer. In addition, for example, the L3 layer may mean an RRC layer.

FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

New network characteristics in 6G could include:

- Satellite integrated network

- Connected intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary and will update the wireless evolution from “connected things” to “connected intelligence.” AI can be applied at each stage of the communication process (or at each stage of signal processing, as described below).

- Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

- Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create ubiquitous super 3D connectivity in 6G.

Some general requirements from the new network characteristics of 6G as mentioned above can be as follows:

- small cell networks

- Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

- High-capacity backhaul

- Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

- Softwarization and virtualization

Below, the core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described.

- Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can simplify and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use a lot of analytics to determine how complex target tasks are performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also be a rapid communication in Brain Computer Interface (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

- THz communication (terahertz communication): The data rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be done by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, generally refer to the frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz–300 GHz band range (Sub THz band) is considered to be the main part of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding the Sub THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Of the defined THz bands, 300 GHz–3 THz is in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. The 300 GHz–3 THz band is part of the optical band but is at the boundary of the optical band, just behind the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz–3 THz band shows similarities with RF.

FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques to overcome range limitations.

- Large-scale MIMO technology

- Hologram beamforming (HBF)

- Optical wireless technology

- Free space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

- Quantum communication

- Cell-free communication

- Integration of wireless information and power transmission

- Integration of wireless communication and sensing

- Integrated access and backhaul network

- Big data analysis

- Reconfigurable intelligent surface

- Metaverse

- Block-chain

- Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV): UAVs or drones will be a crucial element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. The base station (BS) entity can be installed on the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs may have certain features not found in fixed BS infrastructure such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and freedom of movement with controlled mobility. During emergency situations such as natural disasters, deployment of terrestrial communication infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs will be a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three basic requirements of wireless networks namely eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support several purposes such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

- Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication. In order to maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, fast transmission speed and low-latency technology are essential. In addition, in the future, autonomous driving may need to go beyond the level of delivering warnings or guidance messages to drivers and actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

- Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN may represent a network or network segment that uses RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a transparent payload, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a regenerative payload, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8, a satellite (or UAS platform) may create a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) may be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite may be connected to a data network via the gateway. A beam footprint may mean an area where a signal transmitted by a satellite can be received. Referring to FIG. 9, a satellite (or UAS platform) can create a service link with a UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) associated with a UE can be associated with another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be associated with a gateway via a feeder link. A satellite can be associated with a data network via another satellite and a gateway based on a regenerative payload. If there is no ISL between a satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. FIGS. 8 and 9 are only examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement a transparent or regenerative (with on board processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a given service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Thus, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation/decoding, switching and/or routing, and coding/modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially identical to onboarding all or part of a base station function onto the satellite (or UAS platform).

- Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to obtain information about the environment and/or the characteristics of objects in the environment by detecting the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object. Since the radio frequency sensing function does not require a connection to the object through a device in the network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) that enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and traffic management, etc. In some cases, wireless sensing can use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, camera) to additionally support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, i.e., a sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering processing of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network. FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, (a) of FIG. 10 illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and (b) of FIG. 10 illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

Figure 11 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication. Specifically, Figure 11 (a) shows a user plane protocol stack of NR, and Figure 11 (b) shows a control plane protocol stack of NR.

Below, the SL synchronization signal (Sidelink Synchronization Signal, SLSS) and synchronization information are described.

SLSS is an SL-specific sequence and may include a Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (PSSS) and a Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SSSS). The PSSS may be referred to as a Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS may be referred to as a Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal (S-SSS). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for the S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for the S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and acquire synchronization using the S-PSS. For example, the terminal may acquire detailed synchronization and detect a synchronization signal ID using the S-PSS and the S-SSS.

PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel through which basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting and receiving an SL signal is transmitted. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL/DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink/Downlink) configuration, resource pool related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits including a 24-bit CRC.

S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal)/PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel)/PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in a carrier, and a transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RB (Resource Block). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

Meanwhile, in the NR SL system, multiple numerologies having different SCS and/or CP lengths may be supported. In this case, as the SCS increases, the length of the time resource for a transmitting terminal to transmit an S-SSB may become shorter. Accordingly, the coverage of the S-SSB may decrease. Therefore, in order to ensure the coverage of the S-SSB, the transmitting terminal may transmit one or more S-SSBs to a receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period according to the SCS. For example, the number of S-SSBs that the transmitting terminal transmits to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period may be pre-configured or configured for the transmitting terminal. For example, the S-SSB transmission period may be 160 ms. For example, an S-SSB transmission period of 160 ms may be supported for all SCSs.

For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 30 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one, two, or four S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.

For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 120 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.

Meanwhile, when SCS is 60 kHz, two types of CP can be supported. In addition, the structure of the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal may be different depending on the CP type. For example, the CP type may be Normal CP (NCP) or Extended CP (ECP). Specifically, for example, when the CP type is NCP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped in the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 9 or 8. On the other hand, for example, when the CP type is ECP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped in the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 7 or 6. For example, the PSBCH may be mapped to the first symbol in the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal. For example, the receiving terminal receiving the S-SSB may perform an AGC (Automatic Gain Control) operation in the first symbol section of the S-SSB.

Figure 12 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

Referring to Fig. 12, the term terminal in V2X or SL communication may mainly mean a user's terminal. However, if a network device such as a base station transmits and receives a signal according to a communication method between terminals, the base station may also be considered a type of terminal. For example, terminal 1 may be a first device (100), and terminal 2 may be a second device (200).

For example, terminal 1 can select a resource unit corresponding to a specific resource within a resource pool, which means a set of a series of resources. Then, terminal 1 can transmit an SL signal using the resource unit. For example, terminal 2, which is a receiving terminal, can be configured with a resource pool in which terminal 1 can transmit a signal, and can detect a signal of terminal 1 within the resource pool.

Here, if terminal 1 is within the connection range of the base station, the base station can inform terminal 1 of the resource pool. On the other hand, if terminal 1 is outside the connection range of the base station, another terminal can inform terminal 1 of the resource pool, or terminal 1 can use a pre-configured resource pool.

In general, a resource pool can be composed of multiple resource units, and each terminal can select one or multiple resource units to use for its SL signal transmission.

Figure 13 shows resource units for V2X or SL communication.

Referring to Fig. 13, the entire frequency resources of the resource pool can be divided into NF units, and the entire time resources of the resource pool can be divided into NT units. Accordingly, a total of NF * NT resource units can be defined within the resource pool. Fig. 13 shows an example in which the resource pool repeats with a period of NT subframes.

As shown in Fig. 13, one resource unit (e.g., Unit #0) may appear repeatedly periodically. Or, in order to obtain a diversity effect in the time or frequency dimension, the index of the physical resource unit to which one logical resource unit is mapped may change in a pre-determined pattern over time. In the structure of such resource units, a resource pool may mean a set of resource units that a terminal that wishes to transmit an SL signal can use for transmission.

Resource pools can be subdivided into several types. For example, depending on the content of the SL signal transmitted from each resource pool, resource pools can be divided as follows.

(1) Scheduling Assignment (SA) may be a signal that includes information such as the location of resources used by a transmitting terminal for transmission of an SL data channel, MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) or MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmission method required for demodulation of other data channels, and TA (Timing Advance). SA may also be transmitted multiplexed with SL data on the same resource unit, and in this case, the SA resource pool may mean a resource pool in which SA is multiplexed with SL data and transmitted. SA may also be called an SL control channel.

(2) SL data channel (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel, PSSCH) may be a resource pool used by a transmitting terminal to transmit user data. If SA is multiplexed and transmitted together with SL data on the same resource unit, only SL data channels excluding SA information may be transmitted in the resource pool for the SL data channel. In other words, REs (Resource Elements) used to transmit SA information on individual resource units within the SA resource pool may still be used to transmit SL data in the resource pool of the SL data channel. For example, a transmitting terminal may transmit PSSCH by mapping it to consecutive PRBs.

(3) The discovery channel may be a resource pool for transmitting terminals to transmit information such as their IDs. Through this, the transmitting terminals can enable adjacent terminals to discover themselves.

Even when the content of the SL signal described above is the same, different resource pools may be used depending on the transmission/reception properties of the SL signal. For example, even when it is the same SL data channel or discovery message, it may be again divided into different resource pools depending on the transmission timing determination method of the SL signal (for example, whether it is transmitted at the time of reception of a synchronization reference signal or whether it is transmitted by applying a certain timing advance at the time of reception), the resource allocation method (for example, whether the base station designates transmission resources of individual signals to individual transmitting terminals or whether individual transmitting terminals select individual signal transmission resources on their own within the resource pool), the signal format (for example, the number of symbols that each SL signal occupies in one subframe or the number of subframes used for transmission of one SL signal), the signal strength from the base station, the transmission power strength of the SL terminal, etc.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 14, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

Referring to FIG. 14, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other end. And, a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

The BWP can be set by a point A, an offset from point A (NstartBWP) and a bandwidth (NsizeBWP). For example, point A can be an outer reference point of PRBs of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all nucleos (e.g., all nucleosides supported by the network on that carrier) is aligned. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given nucleometry and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given nucleometry.

SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink) specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal) and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.

PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel through which basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting and receiving an SL signal is transmitted. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL/DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink/Downlink) configuration, resource pool related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal)/PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel)/PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in a carrier, and a transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RB (Resource Block). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to (a) of FIG. 15, in resource allocation mode 1, the base station can schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S1500, the base station can transmit information related to SL resources and/or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources can include PUCCH resources and/or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources can be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

For example, the first terminal may receive information related to a DG (dynamic grant) resource and/or information related to a CG (configured grant) resource from the base station. For example, the CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, the DG resource may be a resource that the base station configures/allocates to the first terminal via DCI (downlink control information). In this specification, the CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that the base station configures/allocates to the first terminal via DCI and/or an RRC message. For example, in case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

In step S1510, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S1520, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1530, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH/PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S1540, the first terminal may transmit/report HARQ feedback information to the base station via PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a rule set in advance. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling of SL.

Referring to (b) of FIG. 15, in resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine SL transmission resources within SL resources set by the base station/network or preset SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or preset SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can perform SL communication by selecting resources by itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal can select resources by itself within a selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection procedures. For example, the sensing can be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S1510, the first terminal that has selected resources by itself within the resource pool can transmit PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal using the resources. In step S1520, the first terminal can transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1530, the first terminal can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH/PSSCH from the second terminal.

Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 15, for example, the first terminal may transmit an SCI to the second terminal on the PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and/or the PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In this specification, the SCI transmitted on the PSCCH may be referred to as a 1st SCI, a 1st SCI, a 1st-stage SCI, or a 1st-stage SCI format, and the SCI transmitted on the PSSCH may be referred to as a 2nd SCI, a 2nd SCI, a 2nd-stage SCI, or a 2nd-stage SCI format.

Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 15, in step S1530, the first terminal can receive the PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal can determine the PSFCH resource, and the second terminal can transmit the HARQ feedback to the first terminal using the PSFCH resource.

Referring to (a) of FIG. 15, in step S1540, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station through PUCCH and/or PUSCH.

Meanwhile, the above-mentioned side link can be defined as terminal-to-terminal communication or terminal-to-terminal direct communication. In this case, PSCCH can be defined as a physical control channel for terminal-to-terminal communication, PSSCH can be defined as a physical data channel or physical shared channel for terminal-to-terminal communication, and PSFCH can be defined as a terminal-to-terminal physical feedback transmission channel.

List management technology at the terminal level for hybrid terminal recognition

In relation to V2X, V2X technology based on direct communication (e.g., PC5, DSRC) and V2N technology utilizing the Uu interface of the network are being developed in a mixed manner. In particular, technology development is being discussed so that a terminal can support both a V2X service based on direct communication and a V2N service based on the Uu interface. However, at this stage, the terminal supports the two services without interlinking them. In other words, V2X messages and V2N messages are transmitted according to independent message operation techniques between the services in the terminal supporting the two services. In this case, there is a problem that the receiving terminal cannot efficiently utilize messages for the two services, and the consistency of service provision is also low.

In the following, considering such problems, a method for linking message operation methods between V2X technology, which performs direct communication between terminals through the 5.9 GHz band, and V2N technology, which utilizes existing networks, is described in detail. In particular, a method for significantly increasing the utility of message operation in a terminal (hybrid device or HD (Hybrid) UE) that supports both technologies by linking message operation methods between the two technologies is described in detail.

Figures 16 and 17 are drawings for explaining the message operation method of a hybrid terminal.

Referring to FIG. 16, a hybrid terminal (502) can transmit a V2X message for providing a V2X service to a peripheral device (501) by using a direct communication technology (PC5, DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication)). In addition, the hybrid terminal (502) can transmit a V2N message related to a V2X service to the peripheral device (501) through a V2N server (210) by using a conventional cellular network. The hybrid terminal (502) can transmit both the V2X message and the V2N message. At this time, if the peripheral device (501) is also a hybrid terminal, the peripheral device (501) receives both the V2X message and the V2N message including duplicate information (e.g., mobility information).

Referring to FIG. 17, an OBU (On Board Unit; 131) installed in a vehicle and a VRU (vulnerable road user; 132) terminal installed in a vulnerable road user, such as a pedestrian, exchange V2X messages through direct communication (DSRC, or PC5) via the conventional 5.9 GHz band, and an RSU (120) located around the road can also transmit SPaT (Signal Phase And Timing), map signals of traffic lights, etc., or collect information of terminals such as PVD (Probe Vehicle Data) through short-range communication (320). In addition, the OBU (221) and the VRU (222) do not support direct communication, but can exchange messages through a V2N server (210) using a Uu interface (410). The Uu interface (410) may be a cellular network (or mobile communication network) with a conventional base station.

Hybrid UE (HUE or HD UE; 500) is capable of not only direct communication between terminals (or short-range communication), but also exchanges V2N messages via a V2N server (210) using a Uu interface (e.g., cellular network or long-range communication).

In the following, in order to utilize the message of the hybrid terminal, it is necessary to recognize whether the messages transmitted through the two paths are transmitted from the same device. In the following, a method for a hybrid terminal to provide separate indications for linking ITS messages and V2N messages when transmitting a message and a method for a hybrid receiving terminal to utilize the two messages received through the two paths based on the indications are described in detail.

Figures 18 and 19 are diagrams for explaining messages transmitted by a hybrid terminal through two communications.

In order to utilize messages transmitted over each of the two communication channels/communication environments (e.g., Uu interface and PC5 interface), it may be necessary to manage a HD (Hybrid) UE list or HD device list for the hybrid device. To this end, a technique for managing a list of HD UEs is proposed. One method is to manage the list (or, HD UE list) at the terminal, and the other method is to manage the list (or, HD UE list) by zone (e.g., by geographical area) at the server.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 18, a receiving terminal (or a receiving hybrid terminal, a receiving HD UE) can manage a list of surrounding hybrid terminals. In the case of a transmitting hybrid terminal (or a transmitting HD UE), a conventional V2X message can be transmitted via short-range communication. V2X messages distinguish messages via a V2X ID. In the case of an HD terminal, a V2N message via long-range communication and a V2X message via short-range communication can be transmitted simultaneously or sequentially. In this case, a hybrid flag and additional information can be included in the V2N header of the V2N message, through which messages transmitted via two different communication channels or two communications can be connected/linked.

In addition, new message composition may be required to link the two messages. Short-range communication technologies have bandwidth limitations, and V2X messages have the rigidity of standards, so they are transmitted in the same way as conventional ITS messages, and V2N messages may have additional hybrid flags and/or additional data related to additional hybrids added.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 19 (a), a V2N message (e.g., a message transmitted via the Uu interface (or via long-distance communication)) may be configured to transmit a flag for the HD terminal and information about the HD terminal.

For example, an HD terminal can transmit a V2N message with an additional hybrid header added through the Extension field of the V2N message. The V2N header can generate an extension field by utilizing an extension flag, and information of the HD terminal can be included in the extension field. The method of sending additional information through a V2N message can be applied to various systems. In the hybrid header, a V2N message ID (an ID used for long-distance communication) and/or a V2X message ID (an ID used for short-distance communication) related to the HD terminal can be defined, a StationType (or StationType field) for the status of the terminal can be defined, and a hybrid type for the type of hybrid operation and/or a Topic ID (an ID that indicates a topic or geographical location of the terminal) can be defined.

Specifically, referring to Fig. 19 (b), a V2N message may include a hybrid header (HybridDeviceHeader) in which the fields described above are defined with respect to V2X operation. Two HD UEs may link a conventional V2N message (or a C-ITS message) and a V2X message (or a message for short-range communication) without encoding the messages by utilizing the field information as illustrated in Fig. 19 (b). If the IDs between modems can be linked (or the IDs of the two messages can be linked), the transmitting HD UE can link/associate the two IDs and transmit the message over the two communication channels. In this case, the receiving HD UE can associate/match two messages based on the two connected/associated IDs (or, if inter-modem IDs can be associated, the two devices can be matched by associating and transmitting the inter-modem IDs). In case of anonymity of V2X ID of conventional C-ITS, two HD UEs can match two messages (or devices) by utilizing location and genTime (generation time of message).

Below, we detail another way in which a V2N server (or network) manages the list of HD terminals.

Figure 20 is a diagram illustrating how a network manages a list of HD terminals.

,

)은 근거리 (Short range) 통신을 수행하기 전에 V2N 메시지를 통해 자신이 HD 단말임을 서버(210)에 알려줄 수 있다. 예컨대, 전송 HD 단말 (

,

)은 상술한 하이브리드 헤더를 포함하는 V2N 메시지를 서버(210)에 전송하여 자신이 HD 단말임을 알릴 수 있다. 이후, 서버 (210)는 주변에서 수신되는 HD 단말의 V2N 메시지에 기반하여 HD 단말 리스트에 대한 데이터베이스 (DB) 생성/업데이트할 수 있다. 이후, 서버 (210)는 다른 V2N 메시지를 전달할 경우에 상기 DB에 저장된 HD 단말 리스트를 HD 단말들에게 전달할 수 있다. 이후, HD 단말 (

,

)들 각각은 HD 단말 리스트에 있는 V2X ID 및 V2N ID를 통해 하나의 HD UE에서 전송되는 두 메시지들을 연결/연계하여 V2X 서비스와 관련된 동작 (예컨대, 하이브리드 동작)을 수행할 수 있다.Referring to Figure 20, the transmission HD terminal (

,

) can notify the server (210) that it is an HD terminal through a V2N message before performing short range communication. For example, a transmitting HD terminal (

,

) can transmit a V2N message including the hybrid header described above to the server (210) to inform that it is an HD terminal. Thereafter, the server (210) can create/update a database (DB) for the HD terminal list based on the V2N messages of the HD terminals received in the vicinity. Thereafter, the server (210) can transmit the HD terminal list stored in the DB to the HD terminals when transmitting another V2N message. Thereafter, the HD terminal (

,

) can perform operations related to V2X services (e.g., hybrid operations) by connecting/linking two messages transmitted from one HD UE through the V2X ID and V2N ID in the HD terminal list.

Figure 21 is a block diagram briefly illustrating the configuration of an HD UE.

Referring to FIG. 21, the HD UE may include a PC5 (DSRC) modem (216) capable of short-range communication, a V2X stack (217), a Uu modem (211) capable of long-range communication, and a V2N stack (212) for hybrid communication (e.g., message transmission using both short-range communication and long-range communication).

Hereinafter, for the linked operation of two communication/communication channels, the linking or linked operation of messages received through two modems may be required (or, the linking/linking operation of messages received by two devices is required). For this purpose, the HD UE may additionally include a hybrid device extraction block (213) that extracts a V2X ID from a V2X stack (217), a device list DB block (214) for a hybrid device that stores a matched List (or IDs), and a hybrid matching block (215) that utilizes data of the device list DB block (214) and the hybrid device extraction block (213). In addition, the HD UE may include an application block (218) that additionally includes a hybrid operation block (218-1) that supports hybrid operation when two messages are matched.

For example, when a device list DB block (214) is constructed, a hybrid operation block (218-1) can provide a hybrid service (by linking two messages) according to a hybrid type. Here, the hybrid type can be a method of providing a hybrid service by mode (or hybrid mode) by utilizing the connection of two modems (211, 216).

Below, we describe in detail the modes involved in providing a service by linking two messages.

Figures 22 and 23 are drawings for explaining modes for providing hybrid services.

A hybrid motion-based service that provides messages by linking two communications can be provided through at least one of modes 1 to 4.

Referring to Fig. 22 (a), Mode 1 is a mode for expanding the service area, and may be a mode for transmitting the same message through each of the modems to achieve diversity effects and expand the service area. In this case, the same type of message may be transmitted and received through the two modems with a time difference. The (receiving) HD UE may provide a V2X service by collating information included in the two messages. For example, additional mobility information such as acceleration and change in direction of movement may be calculated/estimated based on the difference in generation time and mobility information between messages sequentially transmitted from the two modems.

Referring to Fig. 22 (b), Mode 2 is a technology for service expansion that transmits the same type of message using two communication channels, but may be a method of transmitting the message by adding additional information related to hybrid to a V2N message with a wide bandwidth. Conventional terminals can receive the same V2X service as conventionally through the V2X message, and hybrid V2X terminals can additionally obtain additional information related to hybrid communication through the additional information included in the V2N message. In this case, the HD UE can provide or receive a service related to a hybrid operation related to V2X by connecting/linking two communication modems (or two devices) based on the device list DB (or, hybrid V2X DB).

Referring to Fig. 23 (a), Mode 3 is a method of linking V2X services, which provides the same type of service through two modems (or devices), but may provide some different services in detail through different message standards due to different standards. For example, the same type of V2X-related service may be provided through two communication channels, but some V2X-related information provided through each message may be different due to differences in the standard formats of each communication channel. Even in this case, if two modems are connected, the HD UE can link the two services (Service A, Service B) at the application level to improve the quality of the V2X service.

Referring to FIG. 23 (b), mode 4 may be a method in which the HD UE transmits or forwards a received message. For example, in mode 4, when the HD UE receives a V2N message from a V2N terminal (or a terminal including only a V2N modem), the HD UE may forward the V2N message to a V2X message via a V2X modem, or when the HD UE receives a V2X message from a V2X terminal (a terminal including only a V2X modem), the HD UE may forward the V2X message to a V2N message via a V2N modem. That is, the HD UE may forward messages received from peripheral terminals via a first modem to peripheral terminals via another second modem. Here, the first modem and the second modem may be the PC5 modem (or a short-range communication modem) and the Uu modem (or a long-range modem) described above. In this case, the HD UE may check the hybrid terminal in the hybrid device DB, and generate and transmit a message for retransmission of the received message. For example, if the received V2N message is not a message transmitted from a hybrid terminal according to the hybrid device DB, the HD UE may forward the received V2N message via a V2X modem. Alternatively, if the received V2X message is not a message transmitted from a hybrid terminal according to the hybrid device DB, the HD UE may forward the received V2X message via a V2N modem. Alternatively, if the received V2N message is a message transmitted from a hybrid terminal according to the hybrid device DB, the HD UE may not perform a forwarding operation for the message.

Below, we describe in detail how the above-described HD UE transmits and receives messages based on hybrid communication.

Figure 24 is a diagram for explaining how an HD UE transmits and receives messages based on hybrid communication.

Referring to Fig. 24 (a), the (transmission) hybrid terminal can initialize the system when the system starts, and set the terminal for hybrid operation (or, set up related to hybrid operation) (S101, S102). Thereafter, the hybrid terminal can transmit a message according to the transmission scheduling. For example, when the transmission type is 1 (e.g., transmission of a long-distance message, a V2N message), the hybrid terminal can generate a V2X message corresponding to the transmission type 1 (e.g., a V2N message for long-distance communication) (S103). When the V2X message corresponding to the transmission type 1 is a V2N message for long-distance communication, the hybrid terminal can additionally include a hybrid flag and hybrid data (or, additional information) in the V2N message and transmit it (S105). Here, the hybrid data can include a V2X ID for a message of transmission type 2 and/or information indicating one of the hybrid modes 1 to 4 described above. When the transmission type is 2 (e.g., a short-range message; a c-ITS message), the hybrid terminal can generate a V2X message corresponding to the transmission type 2 (e.g., a V2X message or an ITS message for short-range communication) (S104). The hybrid terminal can update hybrid data used for transmission in its internal memory. Alternatively, the hybrid terminal can update the hybrid ID by linking the V2X ID (near-field communication ID) and the V2N ID (long-range communication ID) included in the hybrid data (S107).

Referring to Fig. 24 (b), the (receiving) hybrid terminal can initialize the system when the receiver system starts, and receive/decode the received message (S201, S202, S203). If the transmission type of the received message is transmission type 1, the hybrid terminal can check the flag included in the header of the message (S204). If the message does not include a flag, the hybrid terminal can identify the message as a conventional V2N message, and process an algorithm for a service corresponding to the V2N message (S205-1, S207-1). If the message includes a flag, the hybrid terminal can store/register/update information (ID) about the hybrid terminal related to the flag in the HD device list (Device list or HD list DB) (S206). The hybrid terminal can identify a hybrid mode of the message based on the V2N message, and process a hybrid terminal algorithm based on the identified hybrid mode (S207-2). Alternatively, if the transmission type of the received message is transmission type 2, the hybrid terminal can identify/verify whether an ID included in or related to the received message is included in the hybrid device list (S205-2). If an ID matching the ID included in or related to the received message is not in the hybrid device list, the hybrid terminal can process the message based on a short-range V2X service as in the related art (S207-3). If an ID matching the ID included in or related to the received message is stored in the hybrid device list, the hybrid terminal can process the message according to an HD terminal algorithm (S207-2). At this time, the hybrid terminal can perform a task of updating the HD list DB if there is a change in the HD list DB (S206).

FIG. 25 is a drawing for explaining how the first device transmits a message.

The first device and/or the second device may be a hybrid terminal/device (HD terminal/device) capable of transmitting and receiving messages related to V2X services (or, first messages, V2N messages) through a network using a Uu interface (hereinafter, first link) as described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 24, while transmitting and receiving messages related to V2X services through a direct link between terminals (e.g., PC5 interface, DSRC, or second link).

Specifically, referring to FIG. 25, the first device can transmit a first message including mobility information about the first device through a first link connected to a network (S251). As described above, the first message may include a V2N header and a payload such as CAM/BSM as a V2N message. In addition, the first message may further include hybrid flag information that can link messages about the first device received on each of the first link and the second link when the first device is an HD device/terminal. Here, the hybrid flag information may be included in the header of the first message or an extension field of the header as described above.

Next, the first device can transmit a second message linked to the first message via a second link for direct communication between devices (S253). For example, the first device, as a hybrid device capable of transmitting and receiving messages related to a V2X service via both the first link and the second link, can transmit a second message including its mobility information via the second link as well. Here, the second message can be configured to have the same content as a message for a V2X service transmitted via the conventional second link. For example, the second message can be a message such as a CAM, a BSM, or a VAM transmitted via a direct link between devices.

Alternatively, as described above, the first message may further include hybrid flag information indicating that the first message and the second message may be linked to each other. Alternatively, the first message may further include mode information regarding a hybrid service provision method linking the first message and the second message.

Alternatively, if the first message further includes the hybrid flag information, the first message may further include linkage information related to the first device. For example, the linkage information may include information on mapping/linkage/interlocking between first identification information related to the first device in the first link and second identification information related to the first device in the second link.

Alternatively, the first message may further include mode information for a hybrid operation type. For example, the first message may include mode information indicating at least one of mode 1 in which a message of the same type is sequentially transmitted to each of the first link and the second link, mode 2 in which essential data elements among data elements for mobility information of the first device are transmitted to the second message and additional information for service extension is transmitted to the second message, mode 3 in which a first service associated with the first link and a second service associated with the second link are linked, and mode 4 in which a message is forwarded to a link different from a link from which the message is received.

For example, when the mode information is mode 1, the first device can sequentially generate/transmit the first message and the second message at a predetermined time interval. That is, the first message can be generated and transmitted at a first time so as to include mobility information (speed, heading direction, location, etc.) of the first device measured at a first time, and the second message can be generated and transmitted at a second time so as to include mobility information (speed, heading direction, location, etc.) of the first device measured at a second time different from the first time. This allows the receiving device to acquire additional mobility information about the first device through linking of the first message and the second message, as will be described later. Alternatively, when the mode 4 is set, the first device may perform an operation of forwarding/retransmitting a message received via the first link (a link based on Uu interface) via the second link (a link based on PC5 or DSRC), or forwarding/retransmitting a message received via the second link via the first link.

Alternatively, the first device may receive a third message including linking information including the hybrid flag information and identification information of the second device associated with the first link and identification information of the second device associated with the second link. In this case, the first device may link a message received via the first link with a message received via the second link based on the linking information. Furthermore, the first device may update a device list for hybrid devices capable of transmitting messages via both the first link and the second link based on the linking information included in the third message.

Figure 26 is a drawing illustrating how a second device receives a message.

Referring to FIG. 26, the second device can receive the first message for the first device through the first link connected to the network (S261). In addition, if the second device is the HD device described above, the second device can also receive messages related to the V2X service through the second link (S263).

At this time, based on the fact that the first message further includes hybrid flag information in the first message, the second device can associate the second message with the first message among the messages (S265). For example, the second device can select/specify a message having identification information linked to the identification information of the first message among the messages based on the association information included in the first message, and associate the selected/specified second message with the first message.

In addition, the first message may include mode information related to the hybrid operation type. Here, the mode information may be, as described above, indication information related to a transmission method of the first message and the second message, and/or a hybrid operation of the second device according to reception of the first message and the second message. For example, the mode information may indicate one of mode 1 in which messages of the same type are sequentially transmitted to each of the first link and the second link, mode 2 in which essential data elements among data elements for mobility information of the first device are transmitted as the second message and additional information for service expansion is transmitted as the second message, mode 3 in which a first service related to the first link and a second service related to the second link are linked, and mode 4 in which a message is forwarded to a link different from a link in which the message is received.

In this case, the second device can link the first message and the second message based on the mode information related to the hybrid operation type included in the first message. For example, if the mode information indicates mode 1, the second device can receive the second message for the first device a predetermined time after receiving the first message for the first device. At this time, the first message and the second message may be messages of the same type, and may be messages generated at a predetermined time interval (or, a preset time interval) from each other. In this case, the second device can obtain additional information such as acceleration, change in moving direction, and angular velocity of the first device based on the difference between the generation time of the first message and the generation time of the second message. For example, the first message may include information on the generation time of the first message and the first speed at the first time, and the second message may include information on the generation time of the second message and the second speed at the second time. In this case, the second device can additionally obtain acceleration for the first device by dividing the difference between the first speed and the second speed by the difference between the first time and the second time. In this way, the second device can obtain additional mobility information for the first device through a hybrid operation that links/interlocks the two messages.

Alternatively, the second device may update a device list for a hybrid device capable of transmitting messages on both the first link and the second link based on the linking information based on the first message. For example, the second device may include device list information for surrounding HD devices/terminals in relation to a hybrid operation. If linking information between the first identification information and the second identification information for the first device is not included in the device list, the second device may newly register the linking information in the device list. Alternatively, if the second identification information linked to the first identification information for the first device previously registered in the first message is different, the second device may update the device list based on the changed linking information. Alternatively, if linking information for the first device is already registered in the device list, the second device may not perform an update of the device list.

Alternatively, the second device may transmit a message to the second device, including the hybrid flag information and the linking information, over each of the first link and the second link. In this case, based on the second device being an HD device, the second device may transmit a message further including identification information of the second device associated with the first link and linking information of the identification information of the second device associated with the second link over the first link, and may also transmit a message of the same type as the message over the second link.

Alternatively, the second device may perform an operation of forwarding the first message received via the first link via the second link if the hybrid flag information is not included in the first message. In this case, the second device may be preset to the above-described mode 4.

In this way, the proposed invention can effectively link messages transmitted on different communication channels by additionally including fields/information indicating that a V2N message can be linked with a message via a direct link in the case of a hybrid device. Alternatively, the proposed invention can effectively expand V2X services by linking V2X messages transmitted via a direct link with V2N messages, and can effectively secure transmission diversity of V2X service-related messages.

Examples of communication systems to which the invention applies

Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flowcharts of the present invention disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication/connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings/descriptions below, the same drawing symbols may illustrate identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

Figure 27 illustrates a communication system applied to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 27, a communication system (1) applied to the present invention includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device means a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device/server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) (e.g., a drone). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality)/VR (Virtual Reality)/MR (Mixed Reality) devices and can be implemented in the form of HMD (Head-Mounted Device), HUD (Head-Up Display) installed in a vehicle, television, smartphone, computer, wearable device, home appliance, digital signage, vehicle, robot, etc. Portable devices can include smartphone, smart pad, wearable device (e.g., smart watch, smart glass), computer (e.g., laptop, etc.). Home appliances can include TV, refrigerator, washing machine, etc. IoT devices can include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks can also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) can act as a base station/network node to other wireless devices.

Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200)/network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station/network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g. V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle)/V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

Wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a to 100f)/base stations (200), and base stations (200)/base stations (200). Here, the wireless communication/connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through the wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c), a wireless device and a base station/wireless device, and a base station and a base station can transmit/receive wireless signals to/from each other. For example, the wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting/receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present invention.

Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention is applied

Figure 28 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 28, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and/or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 27.

A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and/or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and/or the transceiver (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal via the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information/signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software codes including instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chipset designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chipset.

Specifically, the first wireless device or first apparatus (100) may include a processor (102) and a memory (104) connected to a transceiver (106). The memory (104) may include at least one program capable of performing operations related to the embodiments described in FIGS. 17 to 26.

The processor (102) can control the transceiver (106) to transmit a first message including mobility information for the first device through a first link connected to a network, and to transmit a second message linked to the first message through a second link for direct communication between devices. Here, the first message can further include hybrid flag information indicating that the first message and the second message are linked to each other.

Alternatively, a processing device may be configured to control a first device including a processor (102) and a memory (104). The processing device may include at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: transmit a first message including mobility information for the first device through a first link connected to a network, and transmit a second message associated with the first message through a second link for direct communication between devices. Here, the first message may further include hybrid flag information indicating that the first message and the second message are associated with each other.

The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and/or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) may be configured to control the memories (204) and/or the transceivers (206), and implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information/signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signals via the transceivers (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information/signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software codes including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Specifically, the second wireless device or second apparatus (200) may include a processor (202) and a memory (204) coupled to a transceiver or RF transceiver (206). The memory (204) may include at least one program capable of performing operations related to the embodiments described in FIGS. 17 to 26.

The processor (202) controls the transceiver (206) to receive a first message for a first device through a first link connected to a network, receive messages through a second link for direct communication between the devices, and associate a second message among the messages with the first message based on the first message further including hybrid flag information.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, suggestions and/or methodologies disclosed herein and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

The one or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. The one or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more of the following: included in one or more processors (102, 202), or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more of the processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.

One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and/or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be comprised of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and/or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as described in the methods and/or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, and the like, as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas, or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202). For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and/or filter.

Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention is applied

Fig. 29 shows another example of a wireless device applied to the present invention. The wireless device can be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example/service (see Fig. 27).

Referring to FIG. 29, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 28 and may be composed of various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and/or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 29. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and/or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 28. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls overall operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control electrical/mechanical operations of the wireless device based on programs/codes/commands/information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless/wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless/wired interface in the memory unit (130).

The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit (I/O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (FIG. 27, 100a), a vehicle (FIG. 27, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (FIG. 27, 100c), a portable device (FIG. 27, 100d), a home appliance (FIG. 27, 100e), an IoT device (FIG. 27, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, an AI server/device (FIG. 27, 400), a base station (FIG. 27, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary, depending on the use/service.

In FIG. 29, various elements, components, units/parts, and/or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit/part, and/or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an ECU (Electronic Control Unit), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles to which the present invention is applied

Fig. 30 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applied to the present invention. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned/unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

Referring to FIG. 30, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110/130/140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110/130/140 of FIG. 29, respectively.

The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), servers, etc. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward/backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the driving unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed/direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly/periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information during autonomous driving. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the newly acquired data/information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information on the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to an external server. An external server can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc. based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, the LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, the ZigBee technology can create PAN (personal area networks) related to small/low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

The embodiments described above are combinations of components and features of the present invention in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form that is not combined with other components or features. In addition, it is also possible to form an embodiment of the present invention by combining some components and/or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is obvious that claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the scope of the patent may be combined to form an embodiment or included as a new claim by post-application amendment.

In this document, the embodiments of the present invention have been mainly described with a focus on the signal transmission/reception relationship between a terminal and a base station. This transmission/reception relationship is equally/similarly extended to signal transmission/reception between a terminal and a relay or a base station and a relay. A specific operation described as being performed by a base station in this document may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. That is, it is obvious that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a network composed of a plurality of network nodes including a base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. The base station may be replaced with terms such as a fixed station, a Node B, an eNode B (eNB), an access point, etc. In addition, the terminal may be replaced with terms such as a UE (User Equipment), an MS (Mobile Station), an MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station), etc.

Embodiments according to the present invention can be implemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In case of implementation by hardware, an embodiment of the present invention can be implemented by one or more ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), DSPs (digital signal processors), DSPDs (digital signal processing devices), PLDs (programmable logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

In the case of implementation by firmware or software, one embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of a module, procedure, function, etc. that performs the functions or operations described above. The software code may be stored in a memory unit and may be driven by a processor. The memory unit may be located inside or outside the processor and may exchange data with the processor by various means already known.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in all aspects, but should be considered as illustrative. The scope of the present invention should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all changes within the equivalent scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

The embodiments of the present invention as described above can be applied to various mobile communication systems.

Claims (15)

A step of transmitting a first message including mobility information for the first device through a first link connected to a network; and Comprising the step of transmitting a second message linked to the first message via a second link for direct communication between devices, A method wherein the first message further includes hybrid flag information indicating that the first message and the second message are linked to each other. In the first paragraph, A method, characterized in that the first message further includes linking information for first identification information of the second device associated with the first link and second identification information of the second device associated with the second link. In the first paragraph, A method, characterized in that the first message further includes mode information for a hybrid service providing method linking the first message and the second message. In the third paragraph, A method characterized in that the mode information indicates one mode from among mode 1 in which messages of the same type are sequentially transmitted to each of the first link and the second link, mode 2 in which essential data elements among data elements for the mobility information are transmitted as the second message and additional information for service extension is transmitted as the second message, mode 3 in which a first service related to the first link and a second service related to the second link are linked, and mode 4 in which a message is forwarded to a link different from a link in which the message is received. In paragraph 4, A method characterized in that the first device generates the first message and the second message so as to have different generation times, based on the mode information indicating the mode 1 included in the first message. In the first paragraph, receiving a third message including linkage information including the hybrid flag information and identification information of the second device associated with the first link and identification information of the second device associated with the second link; and A method, characterized in that it further comprises the step of updating a device list for hybrid devices capable of transmitting messages on both the first link and the second link based on the linkage information. In the first paragraph, A method, characterized in that the hybrid flag information is included in the header of the first message. In the first paragraph, A method, characterized in that the first link is a link based on a Uu interface and the second link is a link based on a PC5 interface. A computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for performing the method described in claim 1. RF(Radio Frequency) transceiver; and comprising a processor connected to the RF transceiver; The processor controls the RF transceiver to transmit a first message including mobility information for the first device through a first link connected to a network, and transmit a second message linked to the first message through a second link for direct communication between devices. A first device, wherein the first message further includes hybrid flag information indicating that the first message and the second message are linked to each other. In a processing device controlling the first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory coupled to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions causing said first device to: Transmitting a first message including mobility information for the first device through a first link connected to the network, and transmitting a second message linked to the first message through a second link for direct communication between devices, A processing device, wherein the first message further includes hybrid flag information indicating that the first message and the second message are linked to each other. A step in which a second device receives a first message to a first device via a first link connected to a network; A step of receiving messages via a second link for direct communication between devices; and A method comprising the step of linking a second message among the messages and the first message based on the first message further including hybrid flag information. A computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for performing the method described in Article 12. RF(Radio Frequency) transceiver; comprising a processor connected to the RF transceiver; A second device, wherein the processor controls the RF transceiver to receive a first message for the first device through a first link connected to a network, receive messages through a second link for direct communication between the devices, and associate a second message among the messages with the first message based on the first message further including hybrid flag information. In a processing device controlling a second device, at least one processor; and At least one memory coupled to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions causing said second device to: A processing device configured to receive a first message for a first device via a first link connected to a network, receive messages via a second link for direct communication between the devices, and associate a second message among the messages with the first message based on hybrid flag information further included in the first message.

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