WO2025079907A1 - 전해질 첨가제, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해질 및 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
전해질 첨가제, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해질 및 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025079907A1 WO2025079907A1 PCT/KR2024/014785 KR2024014785W WO2025079907A1 WO 2025079907 A1 WO2025079907 A1 WO 2025079907A1 KR 2024014785 W KR2024014785 W KR 2024014785W WO 2025079907 A1 WO2025079907 A1 WO 2025079907A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C233/12—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C233/13—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte additive, a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery including the same, and a lithium secondary battery.
- Lithium-ion batteries are the highest energy-density commercialized power storage devices and are used in a variety of applications, including small electronic devices, electric vehicles (EVs), and power storage devices.
- the present invention is intended to solve the above problems, and provides an electrolyte additive capable of forming a strong film on the surface of a silicon-based negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery containing the same.
- the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery having improved cycle characteristics by including the non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery.
- the present invention provides an electrolyte additive comprising a compound represented by the following chemical formula 1:
- R is an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms substituted with at least one fluorine.
- the present invention provides an electrolyte additive in which, in the chemical formula 1, R is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with at least one fluorine.
- the present invention provides an electrolyte additive, wherein in the chemical formula 1, in the above [1] or [2], R is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted with at least one fluorine.
- the present invention provides an electrolyte additive, wherein, in at least one of the above [1] to [3], the compound represented by the chemical formula 1 is at least one of the compounds represented by the following chemical formulas 1A-1 to 1A-3:
- the present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery comprising an electrolyte additive according to at least one of [1] to [4].
- the present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, wherein, in the above [5], the electrolyte additive is contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery at 0.1 wt% to 10.0 wt%.
- the present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery in the above [5] or [6] further includes a lithium salt and a non-aqueous organic solvent.
- the present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, wherein in at least one of the above [5] to [7], the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery further comprises at least one other additive selected from the group consisting of a cyclic carbonate compound, a halogen-substituted carbonate compound, a sultone compound, a sulfate compound, a phosphate or phosphite compound, a borate compound, a benzene compound, an amine compound, an imidazole compound, a silane compound, and a lithium salt compound.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery further comprises at least one other additive selected from the group consisting of a cyclic carbonate compound, a halogen-substituted carbonate compound, a sultone compound, a sulfate compound, a phosphate or phosphite compound, a borate compound
- the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery comprising: a positive electrode; a negative electrode opposing the positive electrode; a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery according to at least one of [5] to [8].
- the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery according to [9], wherein the negative electrode includes a silicon-based negative electrode active material.
- the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery according to [9] or [10], wherein the negative electrode further includes a carbon-based negative electrode active material.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention comprises an electrolyte additive containing a vinyl group and nitrogen (N) atoms capable of forming a strong SEI layer on the electrode surface within the structure, thereby forming a durable amide group and Li 3 N-containing film on the negative electrode surface. Therefore, when the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention is used, a lithium secondary battery with improved cycle characteristics can be implemented.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is particularly useful for a high-power battery used together with a high-capacity active material, such as a high-nickel-based positive electrode active material or a silicon-based negative electrode active material having a large volume change during charge and discharge.
- a high-capacity active material such as a high-nickel-based positive electrode active material or a silicon-based negative electrode active material having a large volume change during charge and discharge.
- substituted means that at least one hydrogen bonded to carbon is replaced with an element other than hydrogen, for example, substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a fluorine element.
- silicon-based negative electrode active materials have the advantage of excellent capacity per weight.
- repeated charge and discharge causes serious volume expansion (over 300%) and shrinkage as lithium ions are inserted and removed, which may cause cracks or cause the SEI layer formed on the surface of the silicon-based negative electrode active material to be destroyed.
- These problems cause side reactions between the surface of the negative electrode active material and the electrolyte, which forms a thick and unstable film at the interface between the silicon-based negative electrode active material and the electrolyte, which increases resistance, increases the consumption of the lithium ion source, and causes another problem in that the cycle characteristics and charge and discharge characteristics deteriorate.
- the inventors of the present invention provide an electrolyte additive capable of forming a strong SEI film on a silicon-based negative electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing the same, and by using the same, provide a lithium secondary battery having improved high-temperature high-rate charge/discharge performance.
- the electrolyte additive according to the present invention, the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery including the same, and the lithium secondary battery comprise at least one of the following disclosed configurations, and may comprise any combination between technically possible configurations among the following configurations.
- an electrolyte additive comprising a compound represented by the following chemical formula 1 is provided.
- R is an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms substituted with at least one fluorine.
- the compound represented by the chemical formula 1 included as the above electrolyte additive contains a vinyl group and a nitrogen element in its structure, so that it can be reduced and decomposed before the organic solvent during charge and discharge, thereby forming a durable amide group and a partial Li 3 N-containing film on the surface of a silicon-based negative electrode, thereby suppressing SEI film cracking caused by shrinkage/expansion of the silicon-based negative electrode active material.
- the compound represented by the chemical formula 1 contains a fluorine element in its structure, so that it forms a fluorine-containing film with high temperature durability and strong thermal stability on the surface of the negative electrode, thereby minimizing SEI layer decomposition at high temperatures, thereby reducing side reactions caused by direct contact between silicon and the electrolyte.
- the compound represented by the chemical formula 1 of the present invention contains an amide group at the center of its structure, it has excellent film stability compared to the compound represented by the following [chemical formula i] or [chemical formula ii] containing a carboxylate group in its structure, so that film decomposition and further decomposition reaction of the electrolyte caused thereby can be delayed, and when the film is decomposed, the amount decomposed in the form of a hydrocarbon gas such as CO2 or CxHy (x is 1 to 5, y is 3 to 12) is small, so that deterioration and venting point due to gas inside the battery can be delayed, thereby further improving SEI layer stability. Therefore, a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery including such an electrolyte additive can manufacture a lithium secondary battery having improved cycle characteristics and capacity characteristics.
- R may be an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with at least one fluorine. More specifically, R may be an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted with at least one fluorine.
- the compound represented by the above formula 1 may be at least one of the compounds represented by the following formula 1A-1 to the compounds represented by the following formula 1A-3.
- the compound represented by the above formula 1 may be a compound represented by the following formula 1A-3, wherein R, which is relatively highly substituted with highly durable fluorine, has a perfluoro structure.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery comprising the electrolyte additive of the present invention.
- the above non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery may further include a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and optionally other additives.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention may include an electrolyte additive including a compound represented by the chemical formula 1. Since the description of the compound overlaps with the above-described content, the description thereof is omitted.
- the content of the electrolyte additive may be included in an amount of 10.0 wt% or less, specifically 0.1 wt% to 10.0 wt%, based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte, taking into account the effect of forming a stable film on the electrode surface and the effect of removing thermal decomposition products of lithium salts.
- the above electrolyte additive When the above electrolyte additive is included in the above content range, the disadvantages such as side reactions, capacity reduction, and resistance increase due to the additive are suppressed to the maximum extent, and a solid film is formed on the surface of the positive electrode, thereby effectively suppressing the elution of transition metals of the positive electrode active material at high temperatures, and the thermal decomposition products of the lithium salt are effectively removed, thereby realizing excellent high-temperature durability.
- the content of the electrolyte additive when the content of the electrolyte additive is 0.1 wt% or more, the effect of removing thermal decomposition products of lithium salts can be maintained even when the operating time increases, and a stable film can be formed on the electrode surface to further improve the effect of inhibiting transition metal dissolution, etc.
- the content of the electrolyte additive when the content of the electrolyte additive is 10.0 wt% or less, side reactions caused by additives included in a relatively large amount can be prevented.
- the electrolyte additive may be included in an amount of 0.1 wt% to 8.0 wt% based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, or may be included in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 8.0 wt%, specifically in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 5.0 wt%, and more specifically in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 3.0 wt%.
- the above lithium salt can be used without limitation as a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, and for example, it contains Li + as a cation and F - , Cl - , Br - , I - , NO 3 - , N(CN) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , B 10 Cl 10 - , AlCl 4 - , AlO 4 - , PF 6 - , CF 3 SO 3 - , CH 3 CO 2 - , CF 3 CO 2 - , AsF 6 - , SbF 6 - , CH 3 SO 3 - , (CF 3 CF 2 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , BF 2 C 2 O 4 - , BC 4 O 8 - , PF 4 C 2 O 4 - , PF 2 C 4 O 8 - , (
- the lithium salt may include a single substance or a mixture of two or more substances selected from the group consisting of LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiAlCl 4 , LiAlO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCH 3 CO 2 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiCH 3 SO 3 , LiN(SO 2 F ) 2 (lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, LiFSI) , LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 (lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, LiBETI), and LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide, LiTFSI).
- lithium salts commonly used in electrolytes of lithium secondary batteries can be used without
- the above lithium salt may be appropriately changed within a generally usable range, but may be included in the electrolyte at a concentration of 0.8 M to 4.0 M, specifically, at a concentration of 1.0 M to 3.0 M, in order to obtain an optimal effect of forming a film for preventing corrosion of the electrode surface.
- the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte can be controlled to achieve optimal impregnation, and the mobility of lithium ions can be improved, thereby obtaining the effect of improving the capacity characteristics and cycle characteristics of the lithium secondary battery.
- non-aqueous organic solvents are as follows.
- non-aqueous organic solvent various organic solvents commonly used in non-aqueous electrolytes can be used without limitation.
- type of the solvent there is no limitation on the type of the solvent as long as decomposition due to oxidation reactions, etc. during the charge/discharge process of the secondary battery can be minimized and the desired characteristics can be exhibited together with additives.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent may include (i) a cyclic carbonate-based organic solvent, (ii) a linear carbonate-based organic solvent, or (iii) a mixed organic solvent thereof.
- cyclic carbonate-based organic solvent is a high-viscosity organic solvent that has a high dielectric constant and thus facilitates the dissociation of a lithium salt in a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Specific examples thereof include at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, and vinylene carbonate, and among these, at least one of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate may be included.
- linear carbonate-based organic solvent is an organic solvent having low viscosity and low dielectric constant, and specific examples thereof may include at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate, and ethyl propyl carbonate, and specifically may include one of dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention can be used in combination with (i) a cyclic carbonate-based organic solvent and (ii) a linear carbonate-based organic solvent.
- the cyclic carbonate-based organic solvent and the linear carbonate-based organic solvent can be mixed and used in a volume ratio of 10:90 to 50:50, specifically, 20:80 to 40:60.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention may additionally include, as the non-aqueous organic solvent, at least one ester-based organic solvent among (iv) linear ester-based organic solvents and (v) cyclic ester-based organic solvents, which have a lower melting point and higher stability at high temperatures than the cyclic carbonate-based organic solvent and/or linear carbonate-based organic solvent.
- at least one ester-based organic solvent among (iv) linear ester-based organic solvents and (v) cyclic ester-based organic solvents, which have a lower melting point and higher stability at high temperatures than the cyclic carbonate-based organic solvent and/or linear carbonate-based organic solvent.
- linear ester organic solvent may include, as a representative example, at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, and butyl propionate, and specifically may include at least one of ethyl propionate and propyl propionate.
- the above (v) cyclic ester organic solvent may include at least one selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone.
- the remainder of the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention may be a non-aqueous organic solvent unless otherwise specified.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention may further include other additives in the electrolyte as needed to prevent the electrolyte from being decomposed in a high-power environment and causing cathode collapse, or to further improve low-temperature high-rate discharge characteristics, high-temperature stability, overcharge prevention, and high-temperature battery expansion suppression effects.
- the compound represented by the chemical formula 1 may be named a first additive
- the other additives may be named a second additive.
- These other additives may include at least one other additive selected from the group consisting of, representative examples thereof, cyclic carbonate compounds, halogen-substituted carbonate compounds, sultone compounds, sulfate compounds, phosphate compounds, borate compounds, nitrile compounds, benzene compounds, amine compounds, silane compounds, and lithium salt compounds.
- the above cyclic carbonate compound may include vinylene carbonate (VC) or vinylethylene carbonate.
- the above halogen-substituted carbonate compound may include fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- the above sultone compound may include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,3-propane sultone (PS), 1,4-butane sultone, ethene sultone, 1,3-propene sultone (PRS), 1,4-butene sultone, and 1-methyl-1,3-propene sultone.
- PS 1,3-propane sultone
- PRS 1,3-propene sultone
- 1-methyl-1,3-propene sultone 1-methyl-1,3-propene sultone.
- the above sulfate compounds may include ethylene sulfate (Esa), trimethylene sulfate (TMS), or methyl trimethylene sulfate (MTMS).
- Esa ethylene sulfate
- TMS trimethylene sulfate
- MTMS methyl trimethylene sulfate
- the above phosphate compound may include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of lithium difluoro(bisoxalato)phosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphate, and tris(trifluoroethyl)phosphate.
- the above borate compounds include tetraphenylborate and lithium oxalyldifluoroborate.
- the above nitrile compound may include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of succinonitrile, adiponitrile, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane carbonitrile, cyclohexane carbonitrile, 2-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile, and 4-fluorophenylacetonitrile.
- the above benzene-based compound may include fluorobenzene, and the above amine-based compound may include triethanolamine or ethylenediamine.
- Tetravinylsilane can be cited as the above silane compound.
- the above lithium salt-based compound is a compound different from the lithium salt included in the electrolyte, and may include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of LiPO 2 F 2 , LiODFB, LiBOB (lithium bisoxalate borate (LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ), and LiBF 4 .
- the other additives may be used in a mixture of two or more, and may be included in an amount of 50 wt% or less, specifically 0.01 to 10 wt%, and preferably 0.05 to 5.0 wt%, based on the total weight of the electrolyte. If the content of the other additives is less than 0.01 wt%, the effects of improving the low-temperature output of the battery and the high-temperature storage characteristics and high-temperature life characteristics are minimal, and if the content of the other additives exceeds 50 wt%, there is a possibility that side reactions may occur excessively in the electrolyte during charge and discharge of the battery.
- the SEI film-forming additives when added in excessive amounts, they may not be sufficiently decomposed at high temperatures, and may exist as unreacted substances or in a precipitated state in the electrolyte at room temperature. Accordingly, side reactions that reduce the life or resistance characteristics of the secondary battery may occur.
- a lithium secondary battery comprising the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention is provided.
- the above lithium secondary battery can be manufactured by housing an electrode assembly including the positive electrode; an anode opposite the positive electrode; and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in a battery case, and then injecting the above-described non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the above positive electrode may include a positive electrode active material.
- the above positive electrode active material is a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a positive electrode active material used in the relevant field, and specifically may include a lithium metal composite oxide. More specifically, the lithium metal composite oxide may include a lithium composite metal oxide represented by the following chemical formula 2, which includes lithium and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al).
- M 1 is Mn, Al or a combination thereof
- M 2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, W, Ti, Mg, Ca, and Sr, and 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.5, 0.55 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.4, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.4, 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.1.
- the above 1+a represents the molar ratio of lithium in the lithium composite metal oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.5, preferably 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.2, and more preferably 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.1.
- the above x represents the molar ratio of nickel among the total transition metals excluding lithium in the lithium composite metal oxide, and may be 0.55 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.0, more specifically 0.6 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.98, and even more specifically 0.6 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.95.
- the above y represents the molar ratio of cobalt among the total transition metals excluding lithium in the lithium composite metal oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.4, specifically 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.3, and more specifically 0.05 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.3.
- the above z represents the molar ratio of the M 1 element among all transition metals excluding lithium in the lithium composite metal oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.4, preferably 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.3, and more preferably 0.01 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.3.
- w represents the molar ratio of the M 2 element among the total transition metals excluding lithium in the lithium composite metal oxide, and is 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.1, preferably 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.05, more preferably 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.02.
- the cathode active material is Li(Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 )O 2 having a Ni content of 0.55 atm% or more, in order to implement a high-capacity battery. It may include a lithium composite transition metal oxide such as Li(Ni 0.7 Mn 0.15 Co 0.15 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.7 Mn 0.2 Co 0.1 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 ) O 2 , Li ( Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 ) O 2 , Li(Ni 0.86 Mn 0.07 Co 0.05 Al 0.02 )O 2 or Li(Ni 0.90 Mn 0.05 Co 0.05 )O 2 , and specifically, Li ( Ni 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.86 It may include a high-Ni lithium composite transition metal oxide such as Mn 0.07 Co 0.05 Al 0.02 )O, Li
- the cathode active material of the present invention may optionally include a lithium composite metal oxide represented by the chemical formula 2, together with a lithium-manganese oxide (e.g., LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , etc.), a lithium-cobalt oxide (e.g., LiCoO 2 , etc.), a lithium-nickel oxide (e.g., LiNiO 2 , etc.), a lithium-nickel-manganese oxide (e.g., LiNi 1-Y Mn Y O 2 (0 ⁇ Y ⁇ 1), LiMn 2-z Ni z O 4 (0 ⁇ Z ⁇ 2), a lithium-nickel-cobalt oxide (e.g., LiNi 1-Y1 Co Y1 O 2 (0 ⁇ Y1 ⁇ 1), a lithium-manganese-cobalt oxide (e.g., LiCo 1-Y2 Mn Y2 O 2 (0 ⁇ Y2 ⁇ 1), LiMn 2-z1 Co z1 O 4 (0 ⁇ Z1
- the above positive electrode active material may be in the form of particles.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the positive electrode active material may be 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the above positive electrode collector can typically have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the above-mentioned positive electrode current collector may form fine irregularities on the surface to strengthen the bonding strength of the positive electrode active material.
- the above-mentioned positive electrode current collector may be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, a non-woven fabric, etc.
- the above-mentioned positive electrode active material may be included in the positive electrode composite layer at 70 wt% to 99 wt%, specifically 80 wt% to 98 wt%, taking into account sufficient capacity of the positive electrode active material.
- the above-described positive electrode composite layer may further include a binder and/or a conductive material together with the above-described positive electrode active material.
- the above binder serves to improve adhesion between positive electrode active material particles and adhesion between the positive electrode active material and the current collector.
- binders include: a fluorine resin binder including polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); a rubber binder including styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, and styrene-isoprene rubber; a cellulose binder including carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxy propyl cellulose, and regenerated cellulose; a polyalcohol binder including polyvinyl alcohol; a polyolefin binder including polyethylene and polypropylene; a polyimide binder; and a polyester binder.
- a fluorine resin binder including polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); a rubber binder including sty
- the above binder may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 15 wt%, preferably 0.1 to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the positive electrode composite layer.
- the conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and in the battery to be formed, as long as it does not cause a chemical change and has electronic conductivity, it can be used without special restrictions.
- Specific examples include carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black (or Denka black), Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, or thermal black; graphite powder such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, or graphite with a highly developed crystal structure; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers or metal fibers; conductive powders such as fluorinated carbon powder, aluminum powder, or nickel powder; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; polyphenylene derivatives, etc., and one of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the above-mentioned challenging agent may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt%, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the positive electrode composite layer.
- the positive electrode of the present invention can be manufactured according to a positive electrode manufacturing method known in the art.
- the positive electrode can be manufactured by coating a positive electrode slurry containing a positive electrode active material and optionally a binder, a conductive agent, and a solvent for forming a positive electrode slurry on the positive electrode current collector, and then drying and rolling.
- the positive electrode can be manufactured by mixing a positive electrode active material and optionally a binder, a conductive agent, etc. to manufacture a film, and then laminating the film on a positive electrode current collector.
- the solvent for forming the positive electrode slurry may include at least one selected from the group consisting of distilled water, N-methyl pyrrolidone, ethanol, methanol and isopropyl alcohol, preferably N-methyl pyrrolidone, in terms of facilitating dispersion of the positive electrode active material, binder and/or conductive agent.
- the negative electrode according to the present invention comprises a negative electrode composite layer including a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode composite layer may further comprise a conductive material and/or a binder, if necessary.
- a silicon-based negative electrode active material can be used alone.
- the above silicon-based negative electrode active material may include, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of metal silicon (Si), silicon oxide (SiO x , where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), silicon carbide (SiC), and a Si-Y alloy (wherein Y is an element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, transition metals, rare earth elements, and combinations thereof, and is not Si).
- Si metal silicon
- SiO x silicon oxide
- SiC silicon carbide
- Si-Y alloy wherein Y is an element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, transition metals, rare earth elements, and combinations thereof, and is not Si.
- the above element Y may be selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, V, Nb, Ta, Db (dubnium), Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Tc, Re, Bh, Fe, Pb, Ru, Os, Hs, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, Sn, In, Ti, Ge, P, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, Te, Po, and combinations thereof.
- the above silicon-based negative electrode active material exhibits higher capacity characteristics than the carbon-based negative electrode active material, better capacity characteristics can be obtained.
- the SEI film contains more oxygen (O)-rich components, and the SEI film including the O-rich components tends to be more easily decomposed when a Lewis acid such as HF or PF 5 is present in the electrolyte. Therefore, in the case of the negative electrode containing the silicon-based negative electrode active material, in order to maintain a stable SEI film, it is necessary to suppress the generation of Lewis acids such as HF and PF 5 in the electrolyte, or to remove (or scavenge) the generated Lewis acid.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention includes an electrolyte additive capable of forming a stable film on the surface of the silicon-based negative electrode, it can effectively suppress the decomposition of the SEI film when using the negative electrode containing the silicon-based active material.
- the above-mentioned negative electrode may additionally include, in addition to the above-mentioned silicon-based negative electrode active material, a conventional negative electrode active material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions, a specific example being a carbon-based negative electrode active material, as required for a lithium battery.
- a conventional negative electrode active material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions, a specific example being a carbon-based negative electrode active material, as required for a lithium battery.
- carbon-based negative electrode active material various carbon-based negative electrode active materials used in the art, for example, graphite-based materials such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, and Kish graphite; high-temperature calcined carbon such as pyrolytic carbon, mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, carbon microbeads, mesophase pitches, and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes, soft carbon, hard carbon, etc. can be used.
- the shape of the carbon-based negative electrode active material is not particularly limited, and materials of various shapes such as amorphous, plate-like, flaky, spherical, or fibrous can be used.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material may use at least one of natural graphite and artificial graphite, and natural graphite and artificial graphite may be used together to increase adhesion to a current collector and suppress desorption of the active material.
- the mixing ratio thereof may be 3:97 to 99:1 by weight, preferably 5:95 to 15:85.
- the mixing ratio of the silicon-based negative electrode active material and the carbon-based negative electrode active material satisfies the above range, the capacity characteristics can be improved while the volume expansion of the silicon-based negative electrode active material is suppressed, thereby ensuring excellent cycle performance.
- the above negative electrode may include a negative electrode current collector; and a negative electrode composite layer disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material may be included in the negative electrode composite layer.
- the above negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- the negative electrode current collector may be made of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., an aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc.
- the above negative electrode collector may typically have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the above negative electrode current collector may form fine irregularities on the surface to strengthen the bonding strength of the negative electrode active material.
- the above negative electrode current collector may be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, a non-woven fabric, etc.
- the negative electrode composite layer is disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector. Specifically, the negative electrode composite layer may be disposed on one surface or both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
- the above negative active material may be included in the negative electrode composite layer at 60 wt% to 99 wt% in order to sufficiently express the capacity in the secondary battery while minimizing the effect of volume expansion/contraction on the battery.
- excellent capacity characteristics and electrochemical characteristics can be obtained.
- the above negative electrode composite layer may further include a conductive material and/or a binder together with the silicon-based active material.
- the conductive agent is a component for further improving the conductivity of the negative electrode active material, and can be added in an amount of 10 wt% or less, preferably 5 wt% or less, based on the total weight of the negative electrode composite layer.
- the conductive agent is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery, and for example, carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black (or Denka black), Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, or thermal black; graphite powder such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, or graphite with a highly developed crystal structure; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers or metal fibers; conductive powders such as fluorinated carbon powder, aluminum powder, or nickel powder; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; polyphenylene derivatives, etc. can be used.
- the above binder is a component that assists in bonding between the conductive material, the active material, and the current collector, and is typically added in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt% based on the total weight of the negative electrode composite layer.
- the binder include a fluorine resin binder including polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); a rubber binder including styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, and styrene-isoprene rubber; a cellulose binder including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxy propyl cellulose, and regenerated cellulose; a polyalcohol binder including polyvinyl alcohol; a polyolefin binder including polyethylene and polypropylene; a polyimide binder; Polyester binders; and silane binders, etc.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE
- the above binder may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 15 wt%, preferably 0.1 to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the negative electrode composite layer.
- the above negative electrode can be manufactured according to a negative electrode manufacturing method known in the art.
- the negative electrode can be manufactured by coating a negative electrode slurry containing a negative electrode active material and optionally a binder, a conductive material, and a solvent for forming a negative electrode slurry on the negative electrode current collector, and then drying and rolling.
- the negative electrode can be manufactured by mixing a negative electrode active material and optionally a binder, a conductive material, etc. to manufacture a film, and then laminating the film on the negative electrode current collector.
- the solvent for forming the negative electrode slurry may include at least one selected from the group consisting of distilled water, N-methyl pyrrolidone, ethanol, methanol and isopropyl alcohol, preferably distilled water, in terms of facilitating dispersion of the negative electrode active material, binder and/or conductive agent.
- a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the above separator separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for the movement of lithium ions. If it is a separator commonly used in lithium secondary batteries, it can be used without any special restrictions. In particular, it is preferable that it have low resistance to the movement of lithium salt ions and excellent electrolyte wetting ability.
- a porous polymer film for example, a porous polymer film made of a polyolefin polymer such as an ethylene homopolymer, a propylene homopolymer, an ethylene/butene copolymer, an ethylene/hexene copolymer, and an ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or a laminated structure of two or more layers thereof, can be used as the separator.
- a conventional porous nonwoven fabric for example, a nonwoven fabric made of high-melting-point glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, etc. can also be used.
- a coated separator containing a ceramic component or a polymer material to secure heat resistance or mechanical strength can be used, and can optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- the external shape of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention may be in the shape of a cylinder, a square, a pouch, or a coin using a can.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention can be used not only as a battery cell used as a power source for a small device, but can also be preferably used as a unit battery in a medium- to large-sized battery module including a plurality of battery cells.
- LiPF 6 was dissolved to a concentration of 1.0 M in a non-aqueous organic solvent containing ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) in a volume ratio of 30:70, and then 0.1 wt% of a compound represented by the chemical formula 1A-1, 0.5 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC), and 0.5 wt% of 1,3-propane sultone (PS) were added to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery (see Table 1 below).
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- PS 1,3-propane sultone
- a cathode slurry (solid content 75.50 wt%) was prepared by adding lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt-aluminum oxide (Li(Ni 0.86 Mn 0.07 Co 0.05 Al 0.02 )O 2 ) as a cathode active material particle, carbon black as a conductive agent, and polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent in a weight ratio of 97.74:0.7:1.56.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the cathode slurry was applied to a cathode current collector (Al thin film) having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, dried, and roll pressed to prepare a cathode.
- the negative electrode slurry was applied to a 15 ⁇ m thick copper (Cu) thin film as a negative electrode current collector and dried, and then roll pressed to prepare a negative electrode.
- An electrode assembly was manufactured by interposing a porous separator polypropylene between the manufactured positive and negative electrodes, and then the assembly was placed in a battery case, and the manufactured non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery was injected to manufacture a lithium secondary battery.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that LiPF 6 was dissolved in a non-aqueous organic solvent to make 1.0 M, and then 0.5 wt% of a compound represented by the chemical formula 1A-1, 0.5 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC), and 0.5 wt% of 1,3-propane sultone (PS) were added (see Table 1 below).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery manufactured above was injected.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that LiPF 6 was dissolved in a non-aqueous organic solvent to make 1.0 M, and then 1.0 wt% of a compound represented by the chemical formula 1A-1, 0.5 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC), and 0.5 wt% of 1,3-propane sultone (PS) were added (see Table 1 below).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery manufactured above was injected.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that LiPF 6 was dissolved in a non-aqueous organic solvent to make 1.0 M, and then 3.0 wt% of the compound represented by the chemical formula 1A-1, 0.5 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC), and 0.5 wt% of 1,3-propane sultone (PS) were added (see Table 1 below).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery manufactured above was injected.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that LiPF 6 was dissolved in a non-aqueous organic solvent to make 1.0 M, and then 5.0 wt% of the compound represented by the chemical formula 1A-1, 0.5 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC), and 0.5 wt% of 1,3-propane sultone (PS) were added (see Table 1 below).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery manufactured above was injected.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared by adding the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1A-2 instead of the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1A-1 (see Table 1 below).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery manufactured above was injected.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared by adding the compound represented by the chemical formula 1A-3 instead of the compound represented by the chemical formula 1A-1 (see Table 1 below).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery manufactured above was injected.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that LiPF 6 was dissolved in a non-aqueous organic solvent to make 1.0 M, and then 7.0 wt% of the compound represented by the chemical formula 1A-1, 0.5 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC), and 0.5 wt% of 1,3-propane sultone (PS) were added (see Table 1 below).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery manufactured above was injected.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that LiPF 6 was dissolved in a non-aqueous organic solvent to make 1.0 M, and then 10.0 wt% of the compound represented by the chemical formula 1A-1, 0.5 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC), and 0.5 wt% of 1,3-propane sultone (PS) were added (see Table 1 below).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery manufactured above was injected.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that LiPF 6 was dissolved in a non-aqueous organic solvent to make 1.5 M and then 0.5 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC) and 0.5 wt% of 1,3-propane sultone (PS) were added as additives to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte (see Table 1 below).
- LiPF 6 was dissolved in a non-aqueous organic solvent to make 1.5 M and then 0.5 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC) and 0.5 wt% of 1,3-propane sultone (PS) were added as additives to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte (see Table 1 below).
- VC vinylene carbonate
- PS 1,3-propane sultone
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery manufactured above was injected.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that 1.0 wt% of a compound represented by the following chemical formula 3 was added instead of the compound represented by the chemical formula 1A-1 as an additive to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte (see Table 1 below).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery manufactured above was injected.
- the secondary batteries manufactured in Examples 1 to 9 and the secondary batteries manufactured in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were charged to 4.2 V at a constant current of 1C at 45°C and discharged to 2.5 V at a constant current of 1.0C, which was considered one cycle, and then 200 charge-discharge cycles were performed, and the capacity retention rate compared to the initial capacity after the first cycle was measured.
- Table 2 The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- the secondary batteries manufactured in Examples 1 to 9 and the secondary batteries manufactured in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were fully charged to 4.3 V and then stored at 60°C for 8 weeks.
- the capacity of the fully charged secondary battery was measured and set as the capacity of the initial secondary battery.
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Abstract
Description
| 비수성 유기용매 |
첨가제 | 기타 첨가제 | |||
| 종류 | 함량 (중량%) | 종류 | 함량 (중량%) | ||
| 실시예 1 | EC:EMC = 30:70 부피비 |
화학식 1A-1 | 0.1 | VC/PS | 0.5/0.5 |
| 실시예 2 | 화학식 1A-1 | 0.5 | |||
| 실시예 3 | 화학식 1A-1 | 1.0 | |||
| 실시예 4 | 화학식 1A-1 | 3.0 | |||
| 실시예 5 | 화학식 1A-1 | 5.0 | |||
| 실시예 6 | 화학식 1A-2 | 1.0 | |||
| 실시예 7 | 화학식 1A-3 | 1.0 | |||
| 실시예 8 | 화학식 1A-1 | 7.0 | |||
| 실시예 9 | 화학식 1A-1 | 10.0 | |||
| 비교예 1 | - | - | |||
| 비교예 2 | 화학식 3 | 1.0 | |||
| 200 사이클 후 용량 유지율 (%) | |
| 실시예 1 | 89.5 |
| 실시예 2 | 91.7 |
| 실시예 3 | 93.5 |
| 실시예 4 | 94.8 |
| 실시예 5 | 94.3 |
| 실시예 6 | 93.4 |
| 실시예 7 | 93.8 |
| 실시예 8 | 90.6 |
| 실시예 9 | 89.8 |
| 비교예 1 | 88.2 |
| 비교예 2 | 88.7 |
| 8주 고온 저장 후 용량 유지율 (%) | |
| 실시예 1 | 87.1 |
| 실시예 2 | 91.3 |
| 실시예 3 | 92.5 |
| 실시예 4 | 93.5 |
| 실시예 5 | 94.1 |
| 실시예 6 | 92.2 |
| 실시예 7 | 92.6 |
| 실시예 8 | 92.0 |
| 실시예 9 | 91.1 |
| 비교예 1 | 86.2 |
| 비교예 2 | 86.7 |
Claims (11)
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 화학식 1에서, R은 적어도 하나의 불소로 치환된 탄소수 1 내지 5의 알킬기인 전해질 첨가제.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 화학식 1에서, R은 적어도 하나의 불소로 치환된 탄소수 1 내지 3의 알킬기인 전해질 첨가제.
- 제1항의 전해질 첨가제를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해질.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 전해질 첨가제는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해질 중에 0.1 중량% 내지 10.0 중량%로 포함되는 것인 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해질.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해질은 리튬염 및 비수성 유기용매를 더 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해질.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해질은 환형 카보네이트계 화합물, 할로겐 치환된 카보네이트계 화합물, 설톤계 화합물, 설페이트계 화합물, 포스페이트계 또는 포스파이트계 화합물, 보레이트계 화합물, 벤젠계 화합물, 아민계 화합물, 이미다졸계 화합물, 실란계 화합물 및 리튬염계 화합물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 기타 첨가제를 추가로 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해질.
- 양극;상기 양극에 대향하는 음극;상기 양극 및 음극 사이에 개재되는 세퍼레이터; 및제5항에 따른 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 음극은 실리콘계 음극 활물질을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 음극은 탄소계 음극 활물질을 추가로 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
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| KR20250052982A (ko) | 2025-04-21 |
| KR102825284B1 (ko) | 2025-06-26 |
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