WO2025075423A1 - Method and apparatus for switching activated artificial intelligence and machine learning model or functionality - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided are a method and an apparatus for performing switching of an activated artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) model or functionality. A terminal receives, from a base station, a first message including event information related to artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) model or functionality switching, and determines whether an AI/ML model or functionality switching event is satisfied, on the basis of the received event information related to the AI/ML model or functionality switching. Thereafter, if the AI/ML model or functionality switching event is determined to be satisfied, a request for switching to a deactivated AI/ML model or functionality that has satisfied the AI/ML model or functionality switching event is transmitted to the base station.

Description

Method and device for switching activated artificial intelligence and machine learning models or functions

This specification relates to wireless communications applicable to 5G NR, 5G-Advanced and 6G.

As more and more communication devices demand greater communication traffic over time, the next-generation 5G system, which is an improved wireless broadband communication system than the existing LTE system, is required. In this next-generation 5G system, called NewRAT, communication scenarios are divided into Enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB) / Ultra-reliability and low-latency communication (URLLC) / Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC).

Here, eMBB is a next-generation mobile communication scenario with the characteristics of High Spectrum Efficiency, High User Experienced Data Rate, and High Peak Data Rate; URLLC is a next-generation mobile communication scenario with the characteristics of Ultra Reliable, Ultra Low Latency, and Ultra High Availability (e.g., V2X, Emergency Service, Remote Control); and mMTC is a next-generation mobile communication scenario with the characteristics of Low Cost, Low Energy, Short Packet, and Massive Connectivity (e.g., IoT).

One disclosure of the present specification is to provide, in a wireless communication system that performs communication using an AI/ML model or function by a terminal and a network (NW), a method and device for performing a transition to an optimal model/function while the terminal performs communication using an AI/ML model/function for an arbitrary feature.

One embodiment of the present specification provides a method for providing, in a wireless communication system, a terminal receiving a first message including event information related to an artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) model or functionality switching from a base station, and determining whether an AI/ML model or functionality switching event is satisfied based on the received AI/ML model or functionality switching event information. Thereafter, if it is determined that the AI/ML model or functionality switching event is satisfied, transmitting a request for switching to a deactivated AI/ML model or function that satisfies the AI/ML model or functionality switching event to the base station.

In addition, one embodiment of the present specification provides a method in a wireless communication system, wherein a base station transmits a first message including AI/ML model or function switching related event information to a terminal, and receives a request for switching to a deactivated AI/ML model or function that satisfies an AI/ML model or function switching event based on the transmitted AI/ML model or function switching related event information from the terminal.

In addition, one embodiment of the present specification provides a terminal that, in a wireless communication system, includes at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions and being operably electrically connected to the at least one processor, wherein the operations performed based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor include: receiving a first message including AI/ML model or function switching related event information from a base station, and determining whether an AI/ML model or function switching event is satisfied based on the received AI/ML model or function switching related event information. Thereafter, if it is determined that the AI/ML model or function switching event is satisfied, the terminal transmits a request for switching to a deactivated AI/ML model or function that satisfies the AI/ML model or function switching event to the base station.

In addition, one embodiment of the present specification provides a base station in a wireless communication system, comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions and being operably electrically connectable to the at least one processor, wherein the operations performed based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor are: transmitting a first message including AI/ML model or function switching related event information to a terminal, and receiving a request for switching to a deactivated AI/ML model or function that satisfies the AI/ML model or function switching event based on the transmitted AI/ML model or function switching related event information, from the terminal.

In response to a request to switch to the above-deactivated AI/ML model or function, the base station may transmit a second message to the terminal, which the terminal may receive.

The above AI/ML model or function switching related event information may include at least one of threshold information, offset information, timer information, and hysteresis information.

The above first message may further include resource setting information related to AI/ML model or function monitoring.

Meanwhile, the terminal can perform a transition to the deactivated AI/ML model or function based on the received second message.

According to the disclosure of this specification, when a terminal uses one or more AI/ML models/functions, frequent switching of the terminal to unnecessary inactive models/functions is minimized by allowing the terminal to perform switching to inactive models/functions at a necessary time. This has the effect of improving the performance of the overall communication system by allowing the terminal to switch to active models/functions in a timely manner.

Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication system.

Figure 2 illustrates the structure of a radio frame used in NR.

FIGS. 3A to 3C are exemplary diagrams showing exemplary architectures for wireless communication services.

Figure 4 illustrates the slot structure of an NR frame.

Figure 5 shows examples of subframe types in NR.

Figure 6 illustrates the structure of a self-contained slot.

Figure 7 illustrates an operation method of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present specification.

Figure 8 illustrates an example of performance evaluation/monitoring of a model/function using a timer according to one embodiment of the present specification.

Figure 9 shows a procedure of a terminal and a base station according to one embodiment of the present specification.

Figure 10 illustrates a device according to one embodiment of the present specification.

Figure 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present specification.

FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a processor in which the disclosure of this specification is implemented.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing in detail the transceiver of the first device illustrated in FIG. 10 or the transceiver unit of the device illustrated in FIG. 11.

It should be noted that the technical terms used in this specification are only used to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the contents of this specification. In addition, the technical terms used in this specification should be interpreted as having a meaning generally understood by a person having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the disclosure of this specification belongs, unless specifically defined otherwise in this specification, and should not be interpreted in an excessively comprehensive or excessively narrow sense. In addition, when the technical terms used in this specification are incorrect technical terms that do not accurately express the contents and ideas of this specification, they should be replaced with technical terms that can be correctly understood by a person skilled in the art. In addition, the general terms used in this specification should be interpreted as defined in the dictionary or according to the context, and should not be interpreted in an excessively narrow sense.

In addition, the singular expressions used in this specification include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this application, the terms “consist of” or “have” should not be construed as necessarily including all of the various components or various steps described in the specification, and should be construed as not including some of the components or some of the steps, or may further include additional components or steps.

Also, terms including ordinal numbers such as first, second, etc. used in this specification may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the right, the first component may be referred to as the second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as the first component.

When it is said that a component is connected or connected to another component, it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, but there may be other components in between. On the other hand, when it is said that a component is directly connected or connected to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components in between.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Regardless of the drawing symbols, identical or similar components will be given the same reference numerals and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted. In addition, when describing the contents of this specification, if it is determined that a specific description of a related known technology may obscure the gist of this specification, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, it should be noted that the attached drawings are only intended to facilitate easy understanding of the contents and ideas of this specification and should not be construed as limiting the contents and ideas of this specification by the attached drawings. The contents and ideas of this specification should be construed to extend to all changes, equivalents, and substitutes in addition to the attached drawings.

As used herein, “A or B” can mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, as used herein, “A or B” can be interpreted as “A and/or B.” For example, as used herein, “A, B or C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.”

As used herein, a slash (/) or a comma can mean “and/or.” For example, “A/B” can mean “A and/or B.” Accordingly, “A/B” can mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” For example, “A, B, C” can mean “A, B, or C.”

As used herein, “at least one of A and B” can mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”. Additionally, as used herein, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” can be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B”.

Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

In addition, the parentheses used in this specification may mean “for example”. Specifically, when it is indicated as “control information (PDCCH)”, “PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)” may be suggested as an example of “control information”. In other words, “control information” in this specification is not limited to “PDCCH”, and “PDDCH” may be suggested as an example of “control information”. In addition, even when it is indicated as “control information (i.e., PDCCH)”, “PDCCH” may be suggested as an example of “control information”.

Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

Although the attached drawing illustrates an example of a UE (User Equipment), the illustrated UE may also be referred to as a terminal, an ME (Mobile Equipment), etc. In addition, the UE may be a portable device such as a laptop, a mobile phone, a PDA, a smart phone, a multimedia device, etc., or a non-portable device such as a PC or a vehicle-mounted device.

Hereinafter, UE is used as an example of a device capable of wireless communication (e.g., a wireless communication device, a wireless device, or a wireless device). The operations performed by the UE can be performed by any device capable of wireless communication. A device capable of wireless communication may also be referred to as a wireless communication device, a wireless device, or a wireless device.

The term base station used below generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with wireless devices, and can be used as a comprehensive term that includes eNodeB (evolved-NodeB), eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (Base Transceiver System), Access Point, gNB (Next generation NodeB), RRH (remote radio head), TP (transmission point), RP (reception point), relay, etc.

Although this specification describes embodiments using LTE systems, LTE-A systems and NR systems, these embodiments may be applied to any communication system falling within the above definitions.

<Wireless Communication System>

Following the success of LTE (long term evolution)/LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) for 4th generation mobile communications, commercialization and follow-up research on the next generation, or 5th generation (so-called 5G) mobile communications are also ongoing.

The 5th generation of mobile communications, as defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), provides data transmission speeds of up to 20 Gbps and a perceived transmission speed of at least 100 Mbps anywhere. The official name is ‘IMT-2020.’

ITU proposes three usage scenarios: eMBB (enhanced Mobile BroadBand), mMTC (massive Machine Type Communication), and URLLC (Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications).

URLLC is for use scenarios that require high reliability and low latency. For example, services such as autonomous driving, factory automation, and augmented reality require high reliability and low latency (e.g., latency below 1ms). The current latency of 4G (LTE) is statistically 21-43ms (best 10%), 33-75ms (median). This is insufficient to support services requiring latency below 1ms. Next, eMBB use scenarios are for use scenarios that require mobile ultra-wideband.

That is, the 5th generation mobile communication system can support higher capacity than the current 4G LTE, increase the density of mobile broadband users, and support D2D (Device to Device), high stability, and MTC (Machine type communication). 5G research and development also aims for lower standby time and lower battery consumption than the 4G mobile communication system to better implement the Internet of Things. For such 5G mobile communication, a new radio access technology (New RAT or NR) can be proposed.

The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2). The numerical values of the frequency ranges can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2) can be as shown in Table 1 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean “sub 6GHz range”, and FR2 can mean “above 6GHz range” and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).

Frequency Range designation Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier Spacing FR1 410MHz - 7125MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz - 52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

The numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 can include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 1. That is, FR1 can include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included in FR1 can include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band can be used for various purposes, for example, it can be used for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

Meanwhile, 3GPP-based communication standards define downlink physical channels corresponding to resource elements carrying information originating from upper layers, and downlink physical signals corresponding to resource elements used by the physical layer but not carrying information originating from upper layers. For example, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), a physical multicast channel (PMCH), a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and a physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH) are defined as downlink physical channels, and a reference signal and a synchronization signal are defined as downlink physical signals. A reference signal (RS), also referred to as a pilot, is a signal with a special waveform that is defined mutually between the gNB and the UE, for example, cell specific RS, UE-specific RS (UE-RS), positioning RS (PRS), and channel state information RS (CSI-RS) are defined as downlink reference signals. The 3GPP LTE/LTE-A standard defines uplink physical channels corresponding to resource elements carrying information originating from higher layers, and uplink physical signals corresponding to resource elements used by the physical layer but not carrying information originating from higher layers. For example, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and a physical random access channel (PRACH) are defined as uplink physical channels, and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for uplink control/data signals and a sounding reference signal (SRS) used for uplink channel measurement are defined.

In this specification, PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control CHannel)/PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel)/PHICH ((Physical Hybrid automatic retransmit request Indicator CHannel)/PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared CHannel) mean a set of time-frequency resources or a set of resource elements that carry DCI (Downlink Control Information)/CFI (Control Format Indicator)/downlink ACK/NACK (ACKnowlegement/Negative ACK)/downlink data, respectively. In addition, PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control CHannel)/PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared CHannel)/PRACH (Physical Random Access CHannel) mean a set of time-frequency resources or a set of resource elements that carry UCI (Uplink Control Information)/uplink data/random access signals, respectively.

Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication system.

As can be seen with reference to FIG. 1, the wireless communication system includes at least one base station (BS). The BS is divided into a gNodeB (or gNB) (20a) and an eNodeB (or eNB) (20b). The gNB (20a) supports 5th generation mobile communication. The eNB (20b) supports 4th generation mobile communication, i.e., LTE (long term evolution).

Each base station (20a and 20b) provides communication services for a specific geographic area (generally called a cell) (20-1, 20-2, 20-3). The cell may be further divided into a number of areas (called sectors).

A UE (user equipment) usually belongs to one cell, and the cell to which the UE belongs is called a serving cell. A base station that provides communication services for a serving cell is called a serving BS. Since a wireless communication system is a cellular system, there are other cells adjacent to the serving cell. Other cells adjacent to a serving cell are called neighbor cells. A base station that provides communication services for a neighbor cell is called a neighbor BS. The serving cell and neighbor cells are determined relatively based on the UE.

Hereinafter, downlink means communication from a base station (20) to a UE (10), and uplink means communication from a UE (10) to a base station (20). In the downlink, the transmitter may be part of the base station (20), and the receiver may be part of the UE (10). In the uplink, the transmitter may be part of the UE (10), and the receiver may be part of the base station (20).

Meanwhile, wireless communication systems can be largely divided into FDD (frequency division duplex) and TDD (time division duplex). According to the FDD method, uplink transmission and downlink transmission are performed while occupying different frequency bands. According to the TDD method, uplink transmission and downlink transmission are performed at different times while occupying the same frequency band. The channel response of the TDD method is substantially reciprocal. This means that the downlink channel response and the uplink channel response are almost the same in a given frequency domain. Therefore, in a wireless communication system based on TDD, the downlink channel response has the advantage of being able to be obtained from the uplink channel response. In the TDD method, the entire frequency band is time-divided into uplink transmission and downlink transmission, so the downlink transmission by the base station and the uplink transmission by the UE cannot be performed simultaneously. In a TDD system where uplink transmission and downlink transmission are divided into subframe units, uplink transmission and downlink transmission are performed in different subframes.

Figure 2 illustrates the structure of a radio frame used in NR.

In NR, uplink and downlink transmissions are organized into frames. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and is defined by two 5 ms half-frames (Half-Frames, HF). A half-frame is defined by five 1 ms subframes (Subframes, SF). A subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe depends on the Subcarrier Spacing (SCS). Each slot contains 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot contains 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 symbols. Here, a symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or a CP-OFDM symbol), an SC-FDMA symbol (or a DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

<Support for various numerologies>

In NR systems, multiple numerologies may be provided to a terminal as wireless communication technology advances. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands; when the SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz, it supports dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it supports a bandwidth larger than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

The above numerology can be defined by the CP (cycle prefix) length and the subcarrier spacing (SCS). One cell can provide multiple numerologies to the terminal. When the index of the numerology is represented as μ, each subcarrier spacing and the corresponding CP length can be as shown in the table below.

μ △f=2 ^μ 15 [kHz] CP 0 15 common 1 30 common 2 60 General, Extended 3 120 common 4 240 common 5 480 common 6 960 common

For general CP, when the index of the numerology is represented as μ, the number of OFDM symbols per slot (N ^slot _symb ), the number of slots per frame (N ^frame,μ _slot ), and the number of slots per subframe (N ^subframe,μ _slot ) are as shown in the table below.

μ △f=2 ^μ 15 [kHz] N ^slot _symb N ^{frame, μ} _slot N ^subframe,μ _slot 0 15 14 10 1 1 30 14 20 2 2 60 14 40 4 3 120 14 80 8 4 240 14 160 16 5 480 14 320 32 6 960 14 640 64

For extended CP, when the index of the numerology is represented as μ, the number of OFDM symbols per slot (N ^slot _symb ), the number of slots per frame (N ^frame,μ _slot ), and the number of slots per subframe (N ^subframe,μ _slot ) are as shown in the table below.

μ SCS (15*2 ^u ) N ^slot _symb N ^{frame, μ} _slot N ^subframe,μ _slot 2 60KHz (u=2) 12 40 4

In the NR system, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells merged into one terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) section of a time resource (e.g., SF, slot or TTI) (conveniently referred to as TU (Time Unit)) consisting of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

Figures 3a to 3c are exemplary diagrams showing exemplary architectures for wireless communication services.

Referring to Figure 3a, the UE is connected to an LTE/LTE-A based cell and an NR based cell in a DC (dual connectivity) manner.

The above NR-based cell is connected to the core network for existing 4th generation mobile communications, i.e. Evolved Packet Core (EPC).

Referring to Fig. 3b, unlike Fig. 3a, an LTE/LTE-A-based cell is connected to a core network for 5th generation mobile communications, i.e., a 5G core network.

A service method based on an architecture such as that illustrated in Figures 3a and 3b above is called NSA (non-standalone).

Referring to Figure 3c, the UE is connected only to NR-based cells. A service method based on this architecture is called SA (standalone).

Meanwhile, in the above NR, it can be considered that reception from a base station uses a downlink subframe, and transmission to a base station uses an uplink subframe. This method can be applied to paired spectrums and non-paired spectrums. A pair of spectrums means that two carrier spectrums are included for downlink and uplink operations. For example, in a pair of spectrums, one carrier can include a downlink band and an uplink band that are paired with each other.

Figure 4 illustrates the slot structure of an NR frame.

A slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot includes 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot includes 12 symbols. A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) is defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) is defined as multiple consecutive (physical, P)RBs in the frequency domain and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A terminal can be configured with up to N (e.g., 4) BWPs in the downlink and uplink, respectively. Downlink or uplink transmission is performed through an activated BWP, and only one BWP among the BWPs configured for the terminal can be activated at a given time. In the resource grid, each element is referred to as a Resource Element (RE), to which one complex symbol can be mapped.

Figure 5 shows examples of subframe types in NR.

The TTI (transmission time interval) illustrated in FIG. 5 may be called a subframe or slot for NR (or new RAT). The subframe (or slot) of FIG. 5 may be used in a TDD system of NR (or new RAT) to minimize data transmission delay. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the subframe (or slot) includes 14 symbols. The symbols in the front of the subframe (or slot) may be used for a downlink (DL) control channel, and the symbols in the back of the subframe (or slot) may be used for an uplink (UL) control channel. The remaining symbols may be used for DL data transmission or UL data transmission. According to this subframe (or slot) structure, downlink transmission and uplink transmission may be sequentially performed in one subframe (or slot). Therefore, downlink data may be received within a subframe (or slot), and an uplink acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) may be transmitted within the subframe (or slot).

The structure of these subframes (or slots) can be called self-contained subframes (or slots).

Specifically, the first N symbols in a slot are used to transmit a DL control channel (hereinafter, DL control region), and the last M symbols in the slot can be used to transmit a UL control channel (hereinafter, UL control region). N and M are each an integer greater than or equal to 0. A resource region (hereinafter, data region) between the DL control region and the UL control region can be used for DL data transmission or UL data transmission. For example, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) can be transmitted in the DL control region, and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) can be transmitted in the DL data region. A physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) can be transmitted in the UL control region, and a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) can be transmitted in the UL data region.

Using this structure of subframes (or slots) has the advantage that the time taken to retransmit data in which a reception error has occurred can be reduced, thereby minimizing the final data transmission latency. In this self-contained subframe (or slot) structure, a time gap may be required for a transition process from a transmission mode to a reception mode or from a reception mode to a transmission mode. For this purpose, some OFDM symbols when switching from DL to UL in the subframe structure can be set as a guard period (GP).

Figure 6 illustrates the structure of a self-contained slot.

In an NR system, a frame is characterized by a self-contained structure in which a DL control channel, DL or UL data, and a UL control channel can all be included in one slot. For example, the first N symbols in a slot can be used to transmit a DL control channel (hereinafter, referred to as a DL control region), and the last M symbols in a slot can be used to transmit a UL control channel (hereinafter, referred to as a UL control region). N and M are each integers greater than or equal to 0. A resource region (hereinafter, referred to as a data region) between the DL control region and the UL control region can be used for DL data transmission or UL data transmission. As an example, the following configuration can be considered. Each section is listed in chronological order.

1. DL only configuration

2. UL only configuration

3. Mixed UL-DL configuration

- DL area + GP (Guard Period) + UL control area

- DL control area + GP + UL area

DL Area: (i) DL Data Area, (ii) DL Control Area + DL Data Area

UL domain: (i) UL data domain, (ii) UL data domain + UL control domain.

In the DL control region, a PDCCH can be transmitted, and in the DL data region, a PDSCH can be transmitted. In the UL control region, a PUCCH can be transmitted, and in the UL data region, a PUSCH can be transmitted. In the PDCCH, DCI (Downlink Control Information), for example, DL data scheduling information, UL data scheduling information, etc., can be transmitted. In the PUCCH, UCI (Uplink Control Information), for example, ACK/NACK (Positive Acknowledgement/Negative Acknowledgement) information for DL data, CSI (Channel State Information) information, SR (Scheduling Request), etc., can be transmitted. GP provides a time gap during the process in which a base station and a terminal switch from a transmission mode to a reception mode or during the process in which they switch from a reception mode to a transmission mode. Some symbols at the time of switching from DL to UL within a subframe can be set to GP.

< Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML)>

Currently, 3GPP is conducting research to improve the performance of wireless communication systems by applying AI/ML starting from Release 18. In particular, the following aspects are being studied with regard to LCM (life cycle management) of AI/ML models.

- Data collection

- Model training

- Functionality/model identification

- Model delivery/transfer

- Model inference operation

- Functionality/model selection, activation, deactivation, switching, and fallback operation.

- Functionality/model monitoring

- Model update

- UE capability

Meanwhile, the list of terms applied to AI/ML is discussed as shown in Table 5 below.

Terminology Description Data collection The process of collecting data by network nodes, management entities, or UEs for the purpose of AI/ML model training, data analysis, and inference.
(A process of collecting data by the network nodes, management entity, or UE for the purpose of AI/ML model training, data analytics and inference) AI/ML Model Data-driven algorithms that apply AI/ML techniques to generate output sets based on input sets.
(A data driven algorithm that applies AI/ML techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.) AI/ML model training The process of training an AI/ML model [by learning input/output relationships] in a data-driven manner and obtaining a trained AI/ML model for inference.
(A process to train an AI/ML Model [by learning the input/output relationship] in a data driven manner and obtain the trained AI/ML Model for inference) AI/ML model inference The process of using a trained AI/ML model to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.
(A process of using a trained AI/ML model to produce a set of outputs based on a set of inputs) AI/ML model validation A sub-process of training that evaluates the quality of an AI/ML model using a different dataset than the one used to train the model, helping to select model parameters that generalize beyond the dataset used to train the model.
(A subprocess of training, to evaluate the quality of an AI/ML model using a dataset different from one used for model training, that helps selecting model parameters that generalize beyond the dataset used for model training.) AI/ML model testing A sub-process of training to evaluate the performance of the final AI/ML model using a different dataset than that used for model training and validation. Unlike AI/ML model validation, testing does not assume any subsequent tuning of the model.
(A subprocess of training, to evaluate the performance of a final AI/ML model using a dataset different from one used for model training and validation. Differently from AI/ML model validation, testing does not assume subsequent tuning of the model.) UE-side (AI/ML) model AI/ML models where inference is performed entirely on the UE
(An AI/ML Model whose inference is performed entirely at the UE) Network-side (AI/ML) model AI/ML models where inference is performed entirely on the network
(An AI/ML Model whose inference is performed entirely at the network) One-sided (AI/ML) model UE-side (AI/ML) model or network-side (AI/ML) model
(A UE-side (AI/ML) model or a Network-side (AI/ML) model) Two-sided (AI/ML) model A pair of AI/ML model(s) on which joint inference is performed. Joint inference is AI/ML inference where inference is performed jointly by the UE and the network, i.e., the first part of the inference is performed by the UE first and the remaining part by the gNB, or vice versa.
(A paired AI/ML Model(s) over which joint inference is performed, where joint inference comprises AI/ML Inference whose inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, ie, the first part of inference is firstly performed by UE and then the remaining part is performed by gNB, or vice versa.) AI/ML model transfer Transmission of an AI/ML model over a wireless interface with parameters of a model structure known to the receiver or with a new model having parameters. The transmission may include a full model or a partial model.
(Delivery of an AI/ML model over the air interface, either parameters of a model structure known at the receiving end or a new model with parameters. Delivery may contain a full model or a partial model.) Model download Transferring models from network to UE
(Model transfer from the network to UE) Model upload Transferring models from UE to network
(Model transfer from UE to the network) Federated learning / federated training A machine learning technique that trains AI/ML models on multiple distributed edge nodes (e.g., UEs, gNBs), each performing local model training using local data samples. This technique requires multiple interactions of the model, but does not require the exchange of local data samples.
(A machine learning technique that trains an AI/ML model across multiple decentralized edge nodes (eg, UEs, gNBs) each performing local model training using local data samples. The technique requires multiple interactions of the model, but no exchange of local data samples.) Offline field data Data collected in the field and used for offline training of AI/ML models
(The data collected from field and used for offline training of the AI/ML model) Online field data Data collected in the field and used for online training of AI/ML models
(The data collected from field and used for online training of the AI/ML model) Model monitoring Procedure for monitoring the inference performance of AI/ML models
(A procedure that monitors the inference performance of the AI/ML model) Supervised learning The process of training a model from inputs and their labels.
(A process of training a model from input and its corresponding labels .) Unsupervised learning The process of training a model without labeled data.
(A process of training a model without labeled data.) Semi-supervised learning The process of training a model using a mixture of labeled and unlabeled data.
(A process of training a model with a mix of labeled data and unlabelled data) Reinforcement Learning (RL)Reinforcement Learning (RL) The process of training an AI/ML model from feedback signals (reward) based on inputs (states) and outputs (actions) of the model in an environment where the model interacts.
(A process of training an AI/ML model from input (aka state) and a feedback signal (aka reward) resulting from the model's output (aka action) in an environment the model is interacting with.) Activate model
(Model activation) Activate AI/ML models for specific functions
(enable an AI/ML model for a specific function) Model deactivation Disable AI/ML models for specific features
(disable an AI/ML model for a specific function) Model switching For a specific function, disable the currently activated AI/ML model and activate another AI/ML model.
Deactivating a currently active AI/ML model and activating a different AI/ML model for a specific function

Currently, 3GPP is considering the following two methods as a means for base stations to manage models in terminals.

- Functionality based LCM

- Model based LCM

Here, feature-based LCM means that the AI/ML model of the terminal is not recognized by the base station, but the terminal performs model-based LCM. That is, the base station performs LCM of the terminal based on functionality instead of AI/ML models, but there may actually be one or more AI/ML models mapped to one functionality. Switching between models belonging to the same functionality may operate internally depending on the terminal implementation. However, unlike this, model-based LCM means that the base station and the terminal recognize each other based on AI/ML models and perform LCM. Accordingly, the base station and the terminal need to share a model recognizer with each other in order to use an appropriate model.

The base station can recognize the AI/ML model/function of the terminal through the functionality/model identification procedure. The terminal can recognize one or more models/functions for any feature through the identification procedure, and perform communication through AI/ML model inference by activating one of the functions/models. When the terminal has one or more functions/models for a specific feature/sub-use case, the terminal considers model switching as a way to derive good performance in various scenarios/configurations/sites. However, there is currently no specific discussion on a way to efficiently switch models/functions. In this specification, we propose a way to switch the model/function to the optimal deactivated model/function by using performance evaluation/monitoring of the deactivated model/function.

Below, a method for switching between activated models/functions through monitoring of inactive models/functions is described, by a terminal performing AI/ML model inference using an arbitrary model.

More specifically, a terminal performing communication using an AI/ML model for a specific feature defines an event for the terminal performing monitoring/evaluation of the activation and deactivation models/functions of the terminal from the base station to switch the activation model/function to one of the deactivation models/functions. The event may include at least one of the following three events.

- Event 1: When the performance result value of the disabled model/function is better than the performance result value of the enabled model/function by an offset.

- Event 2: When the performance result value of the disabled model/function is above the threshold.

- Event 3: When the performance result value of the activated model/function is lower than threshold1 and the performance result value of the deactivated model/function is higher than threshold2

Figure 7 illustrates an operation method of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present specification.

A terminal that has been set to receive at least one of the events described above performs a procedure for switching to the deactivated model/function that triggered the specific event when the specific event occurs.

Referring to FIG. 7, a terminal performing communication using an AI/ML model for a specific feature receives information related to an event for switching the model/function of the terminal from a base station (S701). Based on the information related to the event for switching the model/function of the terminal received, if at least one event is satisfied, a request/instruction for switching to a deactivated model/function that has generated the event is transmitted to the base station (S702). A message requesting/instructing switching to a deactivated model/function that has generated the event may include information on the deactivated model/function. The information on the deactivated model/function may be identity (ID) information of the model/function and/or a monitoring/evaluation result value of the model/function. The request or instruction for switching the model/function may be defined using at least one of PHY (physical)/MAC (medium access control)/RRC (radio resource control) signaling. Thereafter, the terminal performs switching to a deactivated model/function that has satisfied the event (S703).

The present invention may define hysteresis and/or a timer to solve the ping pong problem between models/functions due to frequent switching between functions/models.

Below, we describe the case where a timer (time to trigger) is applied.

Figure 8 illustrates an example of performance evaluation/monitoring of a model/function using a timer according to one embodiment of the present specification.

Referring to Fig. 8, the terminal can receive a timer associated with the threshold described above from the base station. The timer is (re)started when the event described above is satisfied. If the event described above becomes unsatisfied while the timer is operating, the timer is stopped. If the timer expires, the terminal transmits a message to the base station requesting/instructing a transition including information about the deactivated model/function that caused the event (e.g., event 1).

The following describes a method that applies hysteresis. For Event 1, the condition for entering Event 1 can be defined as the case where the performance value of the inactive model/function is better than "the performance value of the active model/function + Offset + hysteresis", and the condition for exiting Event 1 can be defined as the case where the performance value of the inactive model/function is worse than "the performance value of the active model/function + Offset -hysteresis".

For Event 2, if the performance value of the disabled model/function is greater than or equal to "threshold + hysteresis", the event is entered, and if the performance value of the disabled model/function is less than "threshold - hysteresis", the event is terminated (leaving).

For event 3, this means that the event is entered when the performance value of the activated model/function is lower than "threshold1-hysteresis" and the performance value of the deactivated model/function is higher than "threshold 2 + hysteresis", and the event is left when the performance value of the activated model/function is higher than "threshold1 +hysteresis" and the performance value of the deactivated model/function is lower than "threshold2 - hysteresis".

The above-described method can also be defined so that hysteresis and a timer are applied simultaneously. This means that the timer is defined to start or stop at the value to which the hysteresis is applied.

Figure 9 shows a procedure of a terminal and a base station according to one embodiment of the present specification.

Below, terminal operation is specifically described with reference to Fig. 9.

The terminal receives an AI/ML related configuration message including at least one of the following information from the base station (S901).

- Event information for switching AI/ML models (or functions). Here, the event information may include i) offset for event 1 information, ii) threshold for event 2 information, iii) threshold1 and threshold2 for event 3 information, and/or iv) hysteresis/timer for events 1, 2, and 3 information.

- Resource configuration information for AI/ML model (or function) monitoring. For example, it can be CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal)/PRS (positioning reference signal) resource configuration information.

The terminal performs communication through inference using an activated model (or function) (e.g., model x) (S902), and also performs performance monitoring (or evaluation) for the activated model (or function) and the deactivated model (or function) (S903).

If at least one of events 1, 2, and 3 is satisfied and the timer is set, the terminal starts the timer. Then, if a leaving condition of a triggered event is satisfied while the timer is running, the timer is stopped. If the timer expires, a message including information about a deactivated model/function (for example, model y) that triggered the event is transmitted to the base station (S904). This is a message requesting or instructing model/function switching, which can be defined using at least one of PHY/MAC/RRC signaling, and can include at least one of the following information.

- Identifier (identity, ID) information of the model/function that triggered the event

- Information on evaluation/monitoring results of the model/function

More specifically, when event 1 or 3 is satisfied, the evaluation/monitoring result value information of the deactivated model/function and the activated model/function that satisfied the corresponding event, that is, the performance result value information, may be included in a message requesting or instructing model/function switching and transmitted. And, when event 2 is satisfied, the evaluation/monitoring result value information of the deactivated model/function that satisfied the corresponding event, that is, the performance result value information, may be included in a message requesting or instructing model/function switching and transmitted.

Thereafter, the terminal receives a response message from the base station for a message including information about the deactivated model/function that triggered the transmitted event (S905). The response message from the base station may be a confirm message for switching to the deactivated model/function (e.g., model y) that triggered the event.

Thereafter, the terminal performs AI/ML model (or function) inference and monitoring using the converted model (or function) (e.g., model y) (S906).

Below, the operation of the base station is specifically described with reference to Fig. 9.

The base station transmits an AI/ML related configuration message including at least one of the following information to the terminal (S901).

- Event information for switching AI/ML models (or functions). Here, the event information may include i) offset for event 1 information, ii) threshold for event 2 information, iii) threshold1 and threshold2 for event 3 information, and/or iv) hysteresis/timer for events 1, 2, and 3 information.

- Resource configuration information for AI/ML model (or function) monitoring. For example, it can be CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal)/PRS (positioning reference signal) resource configuration information.

The base station performs communication using the activated model (or function) of the terminal (e.g., model x) (S902).

Thereafter, the base station receives a signal requesting (or instructing) a transition to a deactivated model/function from the terminal (S904). This may be defined by using at least one of PHY/MAC/RRC signaling as a message requesting or instructing a transition to a model/function, and may include at least one of the following information:

- Identifier (identity, ID) information of the model/function that triggered the event

- Information on evaluation/monitoring results of the model/function

More specifically, when event 1 or 3 is satisfied, the evaluation/monitoring result value information of the deactivated model/function and the activated model/function that satisfied the corresponding event, that is, the performance result value information, may be included in a message requesting or instructing model/function switching and received. And, when event 2 is satisfied, the evaluation/monitoring result value information of the deactivated model/function that satisfied the corresponding event, that is, the performance result value information, may be included in a message requesting or instructing model/function switching and received.

The base station transmits a response message to the terminal for a message including information about the deactivated model/function that triggered the received event (S905). The response message from the base station may be a confirm message for switching to the deactivated model/function (e.g., model y) that triggered the event.

Thereafter, the base station performs AI/ML model (or function) inference and monitoring related operations using the converted model (or function) of the terminal (e.g., model y) (S906).

Figure 10 illustrates a device according to one embodiment of the present specification.

Referring to FIG. 10, a wireless communication system may include a first device (100a) and a second device (100b).

The above first device (100a) may be a base station, a network node, a transmitting terminal, a receiving terminal, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) module, a robot, an AR (Augmented Reality) device, a VR (Virtual Reality) device, an MR (Mixed Reality) device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or any other device related to the 4th industrial revolution field.

The second device (100b) may be a base station, a network node, a transmitting terminal, a receiving terminal, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) module, a robot, an AR (Augmented Reality) device, a VR (Virtual Reality) device, an MR (Mixed Reality) device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or any other device related to the 4th industrial revolution field.

The first device (100a) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (1020a), at least one memory, such as a memory (1010a), and at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver (1031a). The processor (1020a) may perform the functions, procedures, and/or methods described above. The processor (1020a) may perform one or more protocols. For example, the processor (1020a) may perform one or more layers of a wireless interface protocol. The memory (1010a) may be connected to the processor (1020a) and may store various forms of information and/or commands. The transceiver (1031a) may be connected to the processor (1020a) and may be controlled to transmit and receive wireless signals.

The second device (100b) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (1020b), at least one memory device, such as a memory (1010b), and at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver (1031b). The processor (1020b) may perform the functions, procedures, and/or methods described above. The processor (1020b) may implement one or more protocols. For example, the processor (1020b) may implement one or more layers of a wireless interface protocol. The memory (1010b) may be connected to the processor (1020b) and may store various forms of information and/or commands. The transceiver (1031b) may be connected to the processor (1020b) and may be controlled to transmit and receive wireless signals.

The above memory (1010a) and/or the above memory (1010b) may be connected internally or externally to the processor (1020a) and/or the processor (1020b), respectively, and may be connected to another processor via various technologies such as a wired or wireless connection.

The first device (100a) and/or the second device (100b) may have one or more antennas. For example, the antenna (1036a) and/or the antenna (1036b) may be configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.

Figure 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present specification.

In particular, FIG. 11 is a drawing illustrating the device of FIG. 10 in more detail.

The device includes a memory (1010), a processor (1020), a transceiver (1031), a power management module (1091), a battery (1092), a display (1041), an input unit (1053), a speaker (1042), a microphone (1052), a subscriber identification module (SIM) card, and one or more antennas.

The processor (1020) may be configured to implement the proposed functions, procedures and/or methods described herein. Layers of a radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor (1020). The processor (1020) may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, logic circuitry and/or data processing devices. The processor (1020) may be an application processor (AP). The processor (1020) may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). Examples of the processor (1020) may be a SNAPDRAGONTM series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOSTM series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIOTM series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOMTM series processor manufactured by INTEL®, a KIRINTM series processor manufactured by HiSilicon®, or a corresponding next-generation processor.

The power management module (1091) manages power to the processor (1020) and/or the transceiver (1031). The battery (1092) supplies power to the power management module (1091). The display (1041) outputs the results processed by the processor (1020). The input unit (1053) receives input to be used by the processor (1020). The input unit (1053) can be displayed on the display (1041). A SIM card is an integrated circuit used to securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and its associated keys, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers in mobile devices such as mobile phones and computers. Contact information can also be stored on many SIM cards.

The memory (1010) is operably coupled with the processor (1020) and stores various information for operating the processor (610). The memory (1010) may include a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium, and/or other storage devices. When the embodiment is implemented in software, the techniques described herein may be implemented as modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described herein. The modules may be stored in the memory (1010) and executed by the processor (1020). The memory (1010) may be implemented within the processor (1020). Alternatively, the memory (1010) may be implemented outside the processor (1020) and may be communicatively connected to the processor (1020) via various means known in the art.

The transceiver (1031) is operably coupled to the processor (1020) and transmits and/or receives a radio signal. The transceiver (1031) includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver (1031) may include a baseband circuit for processing a radio frequency signal. The transceiver controls one or more antennas to transmit and/or receive a radio signal. The processor (1020) transmits command information to the transceiver (1031) to initiate communication, for example, to transmit a radio signal constituting voice communication data. The antenna functions to transmit and receive radio signals. Upon receiving a radio signal, the transceiver (1031) may transmit the signal for processing by the processor (1020) and convert the signal to a baseband. The processed signal may be converted into audible or readable information output through the speaker (1042).

The speaker (1042) outputs sound-related results processed by the processor (1020). The microphone (1052) receives sound-related input to be used by the processor (1020).

A user inputs command information, such as a telephone number, for example, by pressing (or touching) a button on an input unit (1053) or by voice activation using a microphone (1052). The processor (1020) receives the command information and processes it to perform an appropriate function, such as making a call to the telephone number. Operational data may be extracted from a SIM card or memory (1010). In addition, the processor (1020) may display command information or operational information on a display (1041) for the user's recognition and convenience.

FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a processor in which the disclosure of this specification is implemented.

As can be seen with reference to FIG. 12, the processor (1020) implementing the disclosure of the present specification may include a plurality of circuits to implement the proposed functions, procedures and/or methods described herein. For example, the processor (1020) may include a first circuit (1020-1), a second circuit (1020-2) and a third circuit (1020-3). Additionally, although not shown, the processor (1020) may include more circuits. Each circuit may include a plurality of transistors.

The above processor (1020) may be called an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) or AP (application processor) and may include at least one of a DSP (digital signal processor), a CPU (central processing unit), and a GPU (graphics processing unit).

FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing in detail the transceiver of the first device illustrated in FIG. 10 or the transceiver unit of the device illustrated in FIG. 11.

Referring to FIG. 13, the transceiver unit (1031) includes a transmitter (1031-1) and a receiver (1031-2). The transmitter (1031-1) includes a DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) unit (1031-11), a subcarrier mapper (1031-12), an IFFT unit (1031-13), a CP insertion unit (1031-14), and a wireless transmitter unit (1031-15). The transmitter (1031-1) may further include a modulator. In addition, for example, the transmitter may further include a scramble unit (not shown), a modulation mapper (not shown), a layer mapper (not shown), and a layer permutator (not shown), which may be arranged before the DFT unit (1031-11). That is, in order to prevent an increase in PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio), the transmitter (1031-1) first causes information to pass through a DFT (1031-11) before mapping the signal to a subcarrier. The signal spread (or precoded in the same sense) by the DFT unit (1031-11) is mapped to a subcarrier through a subcarrier mapper (1031-12) and then passes through an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) unit (1031-13) to be converted into a signal on the time axis.

The DFT unit (1031-11) performs DFT on the input symbols and outputs complex-valued symbols. For example, if Ntx symbols are input (where Ntx is a natural number), the DFT size is Ntx. The DFT unit (1031-11) may be called a transform precoder. The subcarrier mapper (1031-12) maps the complex symbols to each subcarrier in the frequency domain. The complex symbols may be mapped to resource elements corresponding to resource blocks allocated for data transmission. The subcarrier mapper (1031-12) may be called a resource element mapper. The IFFT unit (1031-13) performs IFFT on the input symbols and outputs a baseband signal for data, which is a time-domain signal. The CP insertion unit (1031-14) copies a portion of the rear part of the base band signal for data and inserts it into the front part of the base band signal for data. Through CP insertion, ISI (Inter-Symbol Interference) and ICI (Inter-Carrier Interference) are prevented, so that orthogonality can be maintained even in a multipath channel.

On the other hand, the receiver (1031-2) includes a wireless receiving unit (1031-21), a CP removing unit (1031-22), an FFT unit (1031-23), and an equalizer unit (1031-24). The wireless receiving unit (1031-21), the CP removing unit (1031-22), and the FFT unit (1031-23) of the receiver (1031-2) perform the inverse functions of the wireless transmitting unit (1031-15), the CP inserting unit (1031-14), and the IFF unit (1031-13) of the transmitting terminal (1031-1). The receiver (1031-2) may further include a demodulator.

Although the preferred embodiments have been described above by way of example, the disclosure of the present specification is not limited to these specific embodiments, and may be modified, changed, or improved in various forms within the scope described in the spirit and claims of the present specification.

In the exemplary system described above, the methods are described based on the flow chart as a series of steps or blocks, but the order of the steps described is not limited, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps described above. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps depicted in the flow chart are not exclusive, and other steps may be included or one or more of the steps in the flow chart may be deleted without affecting the scope of the rights.

The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. In addition, the technical features of the method claims of this specification and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of this specification and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims (14)

In a method of operating a terminal in a wireless communication system, A step of receiving a first message including event information related to an AI (artificial intelligence)/ML (machine learning) model or function transition; A step of determining whether an AI/ML model or function switching event is satisfied based on the received AI/ML model or function switching related event information; and A method comprising the step of transmitting a request for switching to a deactivated AI/ML model or function that satisfies the AI/ML model or function switching event, if the AI/ML model or function switching event is determined to be satisfied. In the first paragraph, A method further comprising receiving a second message in response to a request to switch to the deactivated AI/ML model or function. In the first paragraph, A method wherein the event information related to the above AI/ML model or function transition includes at least one of threshold information, offset information, timer information, and hysteresis information. In the first paragraph, A method wherein the first message further includes resource setting information related to AI/ML model or function monitoring. In the second paragraph, A method further comprising the step of performing a transition to the above-deactivated AI/ML model or function. In a method of operating a base station in a wireless communication system, A step of transmitting a first message including event information related to an AI (artificial intelligence)/ML (machine learning) model or function transition; and A method comprising the step of receiving a request for switching to a disabled AI/ML model or function that satisfies the AI/ML model or function switching event based on the transmitted AI/ML model or function switching related event information. In Article 6, A method further comprising the step of transmitting a second message in response to a request to switch to the deactivated AI/ML model or function. In Article 6, A method wherein the event information related to the above AI/ML model or function transition includes at least one of threshold information, offset information, timer information, and hysteresis information. In Article 6, A method wherein the first message further includes resource setting information related to AI/ML model or function monitoring. As a terminal in a wireless communication system, at least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions and being operably electrically connected to said at least one processor, wherein the operations performed based on the instructions being executed by said at least one processor are: A step of receiving a first message including event information related to an AI (artificial intelligence)/ML (machine learning) model or function transition, A step of determining whether an AI/ML model or function switching event is satisfied based on the received AI/ML model or function switching related event information, and A terminal comprising a step of transmitting a request for switching to a deactivated AI/ML model or function that satisfies the AI/ML model or function switching event, if the AI/ML model or function switching event is determined to be satisfied. In Article 10, Based on the above instruction being executed by the at least one processor, the operations performed are: A terminal further comprising a step of receiving a second message in response to a request to switch to the above-deactivated AI/ML model or function. In Article 10, A terminal, wherein the AI/ML model or function transition-related event information includes at least one of threshold information, offset information, timer information, and hysteresis information. In Article 10, The above first message further includes AI/ML model or function monitoring related resource setting information, the terminal. In Article 11, Based on the above instruction being executed by the at least one processor, the operations performed are: A terminal further comprising a step of performing a transition to the above-deactivated AI/ML model or function.

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