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WO2025072463A1 - Procédés, architectures, appareils et systèmes pour des mesures de rapport signal sur interférences plus bruit (sinr) et d'interférences inter-couche (cli) dans des communications à duplex integral sans chevauchement de sous-bande (sbfd) et de duplexage par répartition dans le temps (tdd) dynamique - Google Patents

Procédés, architectures, appareils et systèmes pour des mesures de rapport signal sur interférences plus bruit (sinr) et d'interférences inter-couche (cli) dans des communications à duplex integral sans chevauchement de sous-bande (sbfd) et de duplexage par répartition dans le temps (tdd) dynamique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025072463A1
WO2025072463A1 PCT/US2024/048584 US2024048584W WO2025072463A1 WO 2025072463 A1 WO2025072463 A1 WO 2025072463A1 US 2024048584 W US2024048584 W US 2024048584W WO 2025072463 A1 WO2025072463 A1 WO 2025072463A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wtru
resources
rsrp
measurement
sinr
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PCT/US2024/048584
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English (en)
Inventor
Nazli KHAN BEIGI
Jonghyun Park
Paul Marinier
Moon Il Lee
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InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc
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InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc
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Publication of WO2025072463A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025072463A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/336—Signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR]

Definitions

  • the present application is related to the fields of communications, software and encoding, including, for example, to methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems directed to signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurements, and more particularly directed to SINR measurements in subband non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD) and time division duplex (TDD) frameworks.
  • SINR signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio
  • a wireless transmit/receive unit may receive configuration information indicating (i) a first set of reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement resources associated with one or more downlink (DL) subbands (e.g., of a SBFD configuration), (ii) a first set of reference signal strength indicator (RS SI) measurement resources associated with one or more DL subbands, and (iii) one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL subbands.
  • the WTRU may receive information indicating one or more reference signal (RS) indices associated with the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources.
  • the WTRU may measure a first RSRP using the first set of RSRP measurement resources.
  • the WTRU may measure a first RSSI using the first set of RSSI measurement resources.
  • the WTRU may measure one or more second RSRPs using the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with the one or more RS indices.
  • the WTRU may determine a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) based on the first RSRP (e.g., as the numerator for the SINR), the first RSSI (e.g., as part of the denominator for the SINR), and at least one of the second RSRPs (e.g., as part of the denominator for the SINR).
  • SINR signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio
  • a WTRU may receive configuration information indicating (i) a first set of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL sub-bands, (ii) a first set of RSSI measurement resources associated with one or more DL sub-bands, and (iii) one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL sub-bands.
  • the WTRU may receive information indicating one or more reference signal (RS) indices associated with the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources.
  • the WTRU may receive information indicating (e.g., a dynamic indication of) a quantity of RSRPs.
  • the WTRU may measure a first RSRP using the first set of RSRP measurement resources.
  • the WTRU may measure a first RSSI using the first set of RSSI measurement resources.
  • the WTRU may measure one or more second RSRPs using the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with the one or more RS indices.
  • the WTRU may determine a SINR measurement using (i) a numerator based on the first RSRP and (ii) a denominator based on the first RSSI and of the indicated quantity of the one or more second RSRPs.
  • the WTRU may report information (e.g., send a report) indicating the SINR measurement.
  • a WTRU may receive configuration information indicating (i) a first set of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL sub-bands, (ii) a first set of RSSI measurement resources associated with one or more DL sub-bands, and (iii) one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL sub-bands.
  • the WTRU may determine a SINR measurement using (i) a numerator based on a first RSRP measured using the first set of RSRP measurement resources and (ii) a denominator based on a first RSSI measured using the first set of RSSI measurement resources and one or more second RSRPs measured using the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources. For example, various examples to determine the SINR are described herein.
  • the WTRU may report information indicating the SINR measurement.
  • a base station may send (e.g., to a WTRU) configuration information indicating (i) a first set of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL subbands, (ii) a first set of RSSI measurement resources associated with one or more DL sub-bands, and (iii) one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL sub-bands.
  • the base station may receive (e.g., a report from the WTRU) information indicating a SINR measurement.
  • the SINR measurement may be representative of a (i) a numerator based on a first RSRP measured using the first set of RSRP measurement resources and (ii) a denominator based on a first RS SI measured using the first set of RS SI measurement resources and one or more second RSRPs measured using the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources.
  • FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. IB is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
  • WTRU wireless transmit/receive unit
  • FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
  • RAN radio access network
  • CN core network
  • FIG. ID is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
  • FIG. 2 is a SBFD configuration diagram illustrating an example arrangement of slots in a TDD framework, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a communications system diagram illustrating examples of different types of CLI between gNBs and WTRUs, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a communications system and SBFD configuration diagram illustrating examples of intra-cell and inter-cell CLI, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting using UL muting, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of neighbor cells using UL muting, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of a SINR, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of a SINR associated with CLI, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of a SINR associated with CLI, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for configuring and receiving reporting of a SINR associated with CLI, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the methods, apparatuses and systems provided herein are well-suited for communications involving both wired and wireless networks.
  • An overview of various types of wireless devices and infrastructure is provided with respect to FIGs. 1A-1D, where various elements of the network may utilize, perform, be arranged in accordance with and/or be adapted and/or configured for the methods, apparatuses and systems provided herein.
  • FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented.
  • the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users.
  • the communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth.
  • the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), singlecarrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail (ZT) unique-word (UW) discreet Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block- filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal FDMA
  • SC-FDMA singlecarrier FDMA
  • ZT zero-tail
  • ZT UW unique-word
  • DFT discreet Fourier transform
  • OFDM ZT UW DTS-s OFDM
  • UW-OFDM unique word OFDM
  • FBMC filter bank multicarrier
  • the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104/113, a core network (CN) 106/115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 1 12, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and/or network elements.
  • Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and/or communicate in a wireless environment.
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and/or communicate in a wireless environment.
  • any of which may be referred to as a "station” and/or a “STA”, may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals and may include (or be) a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi- Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and/or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and/or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and/or industrial wireless networks, and the like.
  • the communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and/or a base station 114b.
  • Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any ty pe of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, e.g., to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106/115. the Internet 110, and/or the networks 112.
  • the base stations 114a, 114b may be any of a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B (NB), an eNode-B (eNB), a Home Node-B (HNB), a Home eNode-B (HeNB), a gNode-B (gNB), a NR Node-B (NR NB). a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and/or network elements.
  • the base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104/113, which may also include other base stations and/or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc.
  • BSC base station controller
  • RNC radio network controller
  • the base station 114a and/or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum.
  • a cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors.
  • the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors.
  • the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell.
  • the base station 1 14a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each or any sector of the cell.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple output
  • beamforming may be used to transmit and/or receive signals in desired spatial directions.
  • the base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c, 102d over an air interface 116.
  • an air interface 116 which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.).
  • the air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).
  • RAT radio access technology
  • the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like.
  • the base station 114a in the RAN 104/113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA).
  • WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and/or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+).
  • HSPA High-Speed Packet Access
  • HSPA+ Evolved HSPA
  • HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and/or High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).
  • HSDPA High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
  • HSUPA High-Speed Uplink Packet Access
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and/or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and/or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • LTE-A Pro LTE-Advanced Pro
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).
  • a radio technology such as NR Radio Access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies.
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles.
  • DC dual connectivity
  • the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a. 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and/or transmissions sent to/from multiple types of base stations (e.g., an eNB and a gNB).
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 IX, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.
  • IEEE 802.11 i.e., Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)
  • IEEE 802.16 i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)
  • CDMA2000, CDMA2000 IX, CDMA2000 EV-DO Code Division Multiple Access 2000
  • IS-2000 Interim Standard 95
  • IS-856 Interim Standard 856
  • GSM Global
  • the base station 114b in FIG. 1 A may be a wireless router, Home Node-B, Home eNode- B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like.
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802. 11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN).
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN).
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish any of a small cell, picocell or femtocell.
  • a cellular-based RAT e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.
  • the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110.
  • the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106/115.
  • the RAN 104/113 may be in communication with the CN 106/115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and/or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c, 102d.
  • the data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the CN 106/115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity', video distribution, etc., and/or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication.
  • the RAN 104/113 and/or the CN 106/115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104/113 or a different RAT.
  • the CN 106/115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing any of a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technology.
  • the CN 106/115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 1 10, and/or other networks 1 12.
  • the PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS).
  • POTS plain old telephone service
  • the Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and/or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP/IP internet protocol suite.
  • the networks 112 may include wired and/or wireless communications networks owned and/or operated by other service providers.
  • the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104/114 or a different RAT.
  • Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links).
  • the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1 A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.
  • FIG. IB is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102.
  • the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120. a transmit/receive element 122, a speaker/mi crophone 124, a keypad 126, a display /touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and/or other elements/peripherals 138, among others.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • the processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment.
  • the processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit/receive element 122. While FIG. IB depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together, e.g., in an electronic package or chip.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and/or receive RF signals.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be an emitter/detector configured to transmit and/or receive IR. UV, or visible light signals, for example.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and/or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and/or receive any combination of wireless signals.
  • the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit/receive elements 122.
  • the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology 7 .
  • the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit/receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.
  • the transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit/receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit/receive element 122.
  • the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities.
  • the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11. for example.
  • the processor 1 18 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker/microphone 124, the keypad 126, and/or the display/touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit).
  • the processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker/microphone 124. the keypad 126, and/or the display/touchpad 128.
  • the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any ty pe of suitable memory 7 , such as the non-removable memory' 130 and/or the removable memory' 132.
  • the non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), readonly memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device.
  • the removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like.
  • SIM subscriber identity module
  • SD secure digital
  • the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).
  • the processor 118 may receive pow er from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and/or control the pow er to the other components in the WTRU 102.
  • the power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102.
  • the pow er source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.
  • the processor 1 18 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may' be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102.
  • location information e.g., longitude and latitude
  • the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 1 14b) and/or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.
  • the processor 118 may further be coupled to other elements/peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and/or hardware modules/units that provide additional features, functionality' and/or wired or wireless connectivity 7 .
  • the elements/peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (e.g., for photographs and/or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a virtual reality 7 and/or augmented reality (VR/AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like.
  • an accelerometer e-compass
  • a satellite transceiver e.g., for photographs and/or video
  • USB universal serial bus
  • FM frequency modulated
  • a digital music player a media player
  • the elements/peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, the sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity 7 sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and/or a humidity sensor.
  • a gyroscope an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity 7 sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and/or a humidity sensor.
  • the WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both the uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and/or simultaneous.
  • the full duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118).
  • the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the uplink (e.g., for transmission) or the downlink (e.g., for reception)).
  • a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the uplink (e.g., for transmission) or the downlink (e.g., for reception)).
  • FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment.
  • the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b. and 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.
  • the RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment.
  • the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology.
  • the eNode-B 160a for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.
  • Each of the eNode-Bs 160a. 160b, and 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the uplink (UL) and/or dow nlink (DL), and the like. As shown in FIG. 1C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.
  • the CN 106 shown in FIG. 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gatew ay (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any one of these elements may be owned and/or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.
  • MME mobility management entity
  • SGW serving gatew ay
  • PGW packet data network gateway
  • the MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in the RAN 104 via an SI interface and may serve as a control node.
  • the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation/deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. and the like.
  • the MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and/or WCDMA.
  • the SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a. 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the SI interface.
  • the SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to/from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.
  • the SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter-eNode-B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c, and the like.
  • the SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.
  • packet-switched networks such as the Internet 110
  • the CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks.
  • the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices.
  • the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108.
  • IMS IP multimedia subsystem
  • the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and/or wireless networks that are owned and/or operated by other service providers.
  • the WTRU is described in FIGs. 1A-1D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.
  • the other network 112 may be a WLAN.
  • a WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP.
  • the AP may have an access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired/wireless network that carries traffic into and/or out of the BSS.
  • Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs.
  • Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations.
  • Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA.
  • the traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and/or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic.
  • the peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS).
  • the DLS may use an 802. 1 le DLS or an 802.1 Iz tunneled DLS (TDLS).
  • a WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g.. all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other.
  • the IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" mode of communication.
  • the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel.
  • the primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width via signaling.
  • the primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP.
  • Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) may be implemented, for example in in 802.11 systems.
  • the STAs e.g., every STA, including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed/detected and/or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off.
  • One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.
  • High throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary’ 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadj acent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.
  • VHT STAs may support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and/or 160 MHz wide channels.
  • the 40 MHz, and/or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels.
  • a 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration.
  • the data, after channel encoding may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams.
  • Inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) processing, and time domain processing may be done on each stream separately.
  • IFFT Inverse fast fourier transform
  • the streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA.
  • the above-described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to a medium access control (MAC) layer, entity, etc.
  • MAC medium access control
  • Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11af and 802. 11 ah.
  • the channel operating bandwidths, and earners, are reduced in 802. 1 laf and 802. 1 lah relative to those used in
  • MTC meter type control/machine-type communications
  • MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and/or limited bandwidths.
  • the MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long batter ⁇ ' life).
  • WLAN systems which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as 802.1 In, 802.1 lac, 802. l laf, and 802.11ah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel.
  • the primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS.
  • the bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and/or limited by a STA, from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode.
  • the primary' channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz. 16 MHz. and/or other channel bandwidth operating modes.
  • Carrier sensing and/or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary' channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode), transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the frequency bands remains idle and may be available.
  • the available frequency bands which may be used by 802. 1 lah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802. 1 lah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.
  • FIG. ID is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment.
  • the RAN 113 may employ an NR radio technology' to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.
  • the RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the gNBs 180a. 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology.
  • gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and/or receive signals from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.
  • the gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and/or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology.
  • the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology.
  • WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and/or gNB 180c).
  • CoMP Coordinated Multi-Point
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b. 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and/or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and/or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum.
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., including a varying number of OFDM symbols and/or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).
  • TTIs subframe or transmission time intervals
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and/or a non-standalone configuration.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c).
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band.
  • WTRUs 102a. 102b, 102c may communicate with/connect to gNBs 180a. 180b, 180c while also communicating with/connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a. 160b, 160c.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously.
  • eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b.
  • 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and/or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.
  • Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and/or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards user plane functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information tow ards access and mobility management functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, and the like. As shown in FIG. ID, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.
  • ID may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and at least one Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 1 15, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and/or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.
  • SMF session management function
  • DN Data Network
  • the AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node.
  • the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like.
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b, e.g., to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 1 2a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as sendees relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services retying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and/or the like.
  • URLLC ultra-reliable low latency
  • eMBB enhanced massive mobile broadband
  • the AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and/or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.
  • radio technologies such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and/or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating WTRU 102 IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, and the like.
  • a PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like.
  • the UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, e.g., to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.
  • the UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multihomed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility' anchoring, and the like.
  • the CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks.
  • the CN 115 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108.
  • the CN 1 15 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other netw orks 112, which may include other wired and/or wireless networks that are owned and/or operated by other service providers.
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b may include other wired and/or wireless networks that are owned and/or operated by other service providers.
  • 102c may be connected to a local Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.
  • DN Local Data Network
  • one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to any of: WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a- b. eNode-Bs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-b, UPFs 184a- b. SMFs 183a-b. DNs 185a-b, and/or any other element(s)/device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation elements/devices (not shown).
  • the emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and/or to simulate network and/or WTRU functions.
  • the emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and/or in an operator network environment.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and/or deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented/deployed as part of a w ired and/or w ireless communication netw ork.
  • the emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and/or may performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented/deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network.
  • the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and/or a non-deployed (e.g.. testing) wired and/or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components.
  • the one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and/or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and/or receive data.
  • RF circuitry e.g., which may include one or more antennas
  • NR duplex operation technology has the potential foundation to improve conventional TDD operation by enhancing UL coverage, improving capacity, reducing latency, and so forth.
  • Conventional TDD is based on splitting the time domain between the uplink and downlink.
  • 5G NR Release 18 the feasibility of allowing full duplex, or more specifically, SBFD at the gNB within a conventional TDD band is being investigated.
  • FIG. 2 is a SBFD configuration diagram illustrating an example arrangement of slots in a TDD framew ork.
  • a slot may be any of a DL slot 202a, a SBFD slot 202b, a flexible slot 202c, or an UL slot 202d.
  • a potential aggressor cell may switch from UL-to-DL or vice-versa, causing CLI on potential victim gNBs and/or WTRUs.
  • the UL transmission from aggressor WTRUs may cause directional CLI at the victim WTRUs.
  • the CLI may be measured (e.g., measurable) at both the victim and/or aggressor WTRUs.
  • FIG. 3 is a communications system diagram illustrating examples of different types of CLI betw een gNBs and WTRUs.
  • CLI may be present between the gNB 180a and the gNB 180b.
  • CLI may be present between the gNB 180a and the WTRU 102b.
  • CLI may be present between the gNB 180b and the WTRU 102a.
  • CLI may be present between the WTRU 102a and the WTRU 102b.
  • FIG. 4 is a communications system and SBFD configuration diagram illustrating examples of intra-cell and inter-cell CLI.
  • SINR measurement may be used for inter-WTRU inter-sub-band CLI measurements, such as CLI1 from a WTRU #1 (e.g., WTRU 102a) to a WTRU #3 (e.g., WTRU 102c) in FIG. 4, and for inter-WTRU intra-sub-band CLI measurements, such as CLI2 from a WTRU #2 (e.g., WTRU 102b) to a WTRU #3 (e.g., WTRU 102c) in FIG. 4, in SBFD and dynamic TDD systems, respectively.
  • a victim WTRU may measure channel and interference signal strength and received power and calculate the SINR accordingly.
  • one method for measuring inter-WTRU CLI is to use UL muting in the serving cell and to measure CLI from non-serving cells.
  • UL muting can also be used for gNB-to- gNB CLI measurement at a victim gNB to avoid imposed CLI on UL due to strong CSI signals from an aggressor gNB.
  • SINR may be measured efficiently in SBFD and TDD (e.g., dynamic-TDD) scenarios.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive information (e.g., a dynamic indication), on CSI-IM resources with UL-muting in a serving cell, indicating to measure interference, such as CLI, (e.g., from non-serving cells) and to calculate SINR accordingly.
  • the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) report the measurements.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and/or associated with one or more group-common DCI including a group-ID.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive a group-common DCI (e.g., a DCI with CRC scrambled with a UL-Muting-G-RNTI) indicating a UL muting command in addition to (e.g., one or more) configuration information on and/or associated with UL muting resources.
  • a group-common DCI e.g., a DCI with CRC scrambled with a UL-Muting-G-RNTI
  • the WTRU 102 may be (pre)configured with one or more CSI report configurations (e.g., aperiodic) associated with one or more CSI-IM resources (e.g., in one or more DL subbands).
  • one or more CSI report configurations e.g., aperiodic
  • one or more CSI-IM resources e.g., in one or more DL subbands.
  • a received group-common indication may indicate if UL muting is activated or deactivated (e.g., in one or more UL subbands) at one or more same symbols as at least one of the configured CSI-IM resources.
  • the indication may identify or be associated with the time and/or frequency resources where the UL muting is taking place, such as the starting symbol, slot, time instance and/or the length of the UL muting.
  • the indication may also include or be associated with information on a periodicity of the UL muting, such as whether it is periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic (e.g., one-shot UL muting for a period of time starting from an indicated symbol).
  • a UL muting command may include information indicating (e.g., indications on) whether UL muting is taking place in the entire UL subband and/or BWP, or only on some RBs (e.g., a (pre)defined number of RBs closer to boundaries in SBFD configurations).
  • a WTRU 102 may trigger measuring or determine to trigger measuring of the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting and/or send reporting information.
  • a WTRU-specific DCI reception may be used as a trigger.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive a WTRU-specific DCI (e.g., DCI 0 0, DCI 0 1, CSI triggering DCI) triggering to measure and report the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive report configurations via DCI as well.
  • a trigger may be event based.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine or detect one or more events that require measuring interference signal strength in symbols with UL muting. As such, upon reception of the UL muting command, the WTRU 102 may use the indicated CSI-IM resources to perform measurement.
  • the WTRU 102 may use CSI report configurations associated with the measured CSI-IM resources for reporting the measured SINR.
  • low SINR on CSI-IM resources may trigger measuring and/or reporting the measurements for the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting.
  • a WTRU 102 has measured low' SINR based on general CSI-IM resources (e.g., without UL muting) and wants to determine whether the source of CLI and low SINR is from the serving cell or the neighbor (e.g.. non-serving) cells.
  • a switch (or determination to switch) from a single TRP to a multi-TRP configuration may trigger measuring and/or reporting the measurements for the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting.
  • the WTRU 102 in a multi-TRP system may determine to switch from a single-TRP to a multi-TRP configuration and needs to determine the CLI from the other TRPs.
  • L1/L2 triggered mobility may trigger measuring and/or reporting the measurements for the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting.
  • a WTRU 102 with mobility and in the middle of a L1/L2 triggered mobility (LTM) handover procedure may need to determine the CLI from neighbor nonserving cells.
  • LTM L1/L2 triggered mobility
  • a trigger may be based on (e.g., a supplementary' indication in) a group- common DCI.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive supplementary' configuration information in a UL muting command including a list of WTRUs to perform measurements during the UL-muting resources (e g., based on indicated CSI-IM resources).
  • the trigger may be based on a block structure where a configured number of bits is allocated to each WTRU 102 (e.g., 1 -bit or 2 bits) indicating the UE’s respective behavior.
  • the WTRU 102 may have determined or is configured to measure the interference signal strength in symbols with UL muting, the WTRU 102 may perform (e.g., in general) in cases where the WTRU 102 is configured with UL transmission in the indicated symbols with UL muting, then the WTRU 102 may drop the entire UL transmission instance and performs measurement. As another example, if the WTRU 102 is a WTRU-SBFD-capable UE, then the WTRU 102 may apply rate-matching for the configured resources with UL muting and performs measurement on the indicated CSI-IM resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may report the calculated SINR and/or cross-link interference (CLI) Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based on one or more configured report configurations that are associated with the indicated CSI-IM resources and/or the WTRU-specific DCI reception.
  • CLI cross-link interference
  • RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
  • a WTRU 102 may determine one or more aggressor WTRU(s) which are in one or more neighbor non-serving cells based on measurements, and report the associated cell ID(s) and the measurements to the NW. In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) request handover to one of the cells.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure SINR based on CSI- IM resources with and without UL muting, as described in additional detail herein.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure CLI higher and/or SINR lower than the corresponding thresholds in UL- muted resources, and the WTRU 102 may determine that one or more of the dominant aggressor WTRUs are not in the serving cell (e g., are camped on one or more neighbor cells).
  • the WTRU 102 may (e.g., request and) receive information on and/or associated with one or more UL muting resources in one or more neighbor cells.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure SINR for the neighbor non-serving cells based on the respective UL muting resources to identity the dominant interfering cells where the dominant aggressor WTRUs are camped on. For example, there may be gNB-to-gNB coordination to exchange at least semi-static configurations on UL muting resources in neighbor cells.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the identified dominant interfering cells (e.g., which correspond to the identified dominant aggressor WTRUs).
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • the WTRU 102 may report information associated with the identified dominant interfering cells (e.g., based on PCI, cell ID, or other cell identifying information). For example, the WTRU 102 may (e.g.. also) report the measured RSRP and SINR of the dominant aggressor WTRUs for any (e.g.. each) reported dominant interfering cells. [0115] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) send a HO request to the gNB to be switched to the cell with a (e.g., most) dominant aggressor WTRU, such as where the measured RSRP of the corresponding cell is higher than a threshold.
  • a threshold e.g., most
  • performing a HO to a cell with a dominant aggressor WTRU may be beneficial in that CLI mitigation may be more manageable if both victim and aggressor WTRUs are in the same cell (e.g., according to complexity, latency, overhead).
  • the gNB may perform a L1/L2 triggered mobility (LTM) handover procedure.
  • LTM L1/L2 triggered mobility
  • the WTRU 102 may determine that the measured RSRP for the identified dominant interfering cells are lower than a threshold. For example, the WTRU 102 may indicate to the gNB that a HO is not possible to these cells, and that the WTRU 102 is staying (e.g., or should stay or prefers to stay) in the serving cell, such as part of a CSI report. For example, the WTRU 102 may report the measured SINR from any (e.g., each) of the dominant aggressor WTRUs and the corresponding neighbor cells’ ID and measured RSRP to the gNB. In certain representative embodiments, the gNB may perform CLI mitigation via coordination with the reported neighbor cell.
  • a WTRU 102 may perform SINR measurements and CLI measurements.
  • the aggressor WTRUs and/or the number of resources to be considered in measuring the SINR may be configured dynamically.
  • the gNB may use the received SINR measurements for dynamic link adaptation, selecting the best MCS, and/or scheduling.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information indicating on one or more time and/or frequency resources, reference signals, measurement quantities, and/or report configurations which may be associated with measuring SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more first RSRP measurement resources (e.g., NZP resource(s) in a DL SB) for channel measurement.
  • the first RSRP measurement resource (e.g.. measurement) may be associated with a numerator part of the SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more first RS SI measurement resources (e.g., ZP or CSI-IM resources in a DL SB) for interference measurement
  • the first RSSI measurement resources (e.g., measurement) may be associated with a denominator part of the SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine the SINR based on (e.g., measurement of) the first RSRP measurement resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources (e g., second resources maybe based on NZP CSI-IM resources) in a DL SB to measure one or more RSs (e.g., SRS-RSRP) such as from one or more potential aggressor WTRUs (e.g., transmitted in UL SBs).
  • RSRP RSRP measurement resources
  • SRS-RSRP potential aggressor WTRUs
  • the second set of RSRP measurement resources may be different (e.g., in time and/or frequency domain) from the first RSSI measurement resources.
  • the second RSRP measurement resources may be used for inter-WTRU CLI measurement and/or the first RSSI measurement resources may be used for measuring other sources of interference (e.g., inter-beam, inter-layer interferences, etc.).
  • the WTRU 102 may receive a (e.g., dynamic) indication and/or configuration (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE) on the aggressor WTRUs (e.g., via indicators such as SRIs, where each indicator or SRI indicates or is associated with a second set of RSRP resources) to be measured and/or the number of measured resources to be considered in calculating the SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE) on which of the one or more second sets of RSRP resources to be measured (e.g., SRI1, SRI3, SRI4, etc.).
  • the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE) on how many of the strongest measured second RSRPs are to be used for calculating the SINR (e.g., top 2, top 4, etc. strongest (highest SRS-RSRP or most dominant/worst) aggressor WTRUs, or the ones causing the least 2, least 4, etc. weakest measured SINRs).
  • configuration information e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE
  • the SINR e.g., top 2, top 4, etc. strongest (highest SRS-RSRP or most dominant/worst) aggressor WTRUs, or the ones causing the least 2, least 4, etc. weakest measured SINRs.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure one or more SRS (e.g., from the aggressor WTRUs) in the indicated one or more second sets of RSRP resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine one or more second measured RSRP values based on the measurements.
  • the WTRU 102 may select a subset of the measurements for use in the SINR calculation (e.g., in the denominator) based on the received configuration or indication.
  • the WTRU 102 may derive the denominator part of the SINR based on both the first measured RSSI and the second measured RSRP values (e.g., the selected subset of the second measured RSRP values).
  • the WTRU 102 may use a function to derive a modified or biased version of the measured second RSRPs.
  • the function may be based on addition and/or weighting of the measured values.
  • the function may be pre-defined, pre-configured, and/or determined based on the parameters.
  • the WTRU 102 may add the modified or biased version of the measured second RSRP to the first measured RS SI into the denominator part of the SINR.
  • the function may be represented as: RSSI + Weightl*RSRPl + Weight2*RSRP2 + Weight 3*RSRP3.
  • the WTRU 102 may calculate or determine an
  • SINR value as an SINR numerator (e.g., RSRP based on one or more measurements of the first RSRP resources) divided by an SINR denominator (e.g., calculated above based on the first measured RSSI and the second measured RSRP values).
  • SINR numerator e.g., RSRP based on one or more measurements of the first RSRP resources
  • SINR denominator e.g., calculated above based on the first measured RSSI and the second measured RSRP values
  • the WTRU 102 may report the calculated/determined SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) report the measured second RSRP along with the calculated SINR in addition to the corresponding SRIs that were used to calculate the reported SINR.
  • Sub-carrier spacing gNB NR NodeB AP Aperiodic BFR Beam Failure Recovery BFD-RS Beam Failure Detection-Reference Signal BLER Block Error Rate BWP Bandwidth Part CA Carrier Aggregation
  • CB Contention-Based e.g. access, channel, resource
  • CCA Clear Channel Assessment CDM Code Division Multiplexing
  • CG Cell Group CLI Cross-Link Interference CoMP Coordinated Multi-Point transmission/reception COT Channel Occupancy Time
  • Cyclic Prefix CPE Common Phase Error CP-OFDM Conventional OFDM (relying on cyclic prefix)
  • CQI Channel Quality Indicator CN Core Network (e.g.
  • LTE packet core or NR core CRC Cynch Redundancy Check CSI Channel State Information CSI-IM Channel State Information-Interference Measurement CSI-RS Channel State Information-Reference Signal cu Central Unit
  • D2D Device to Device transmissions e.g.. LTE Sidelink
  • DC Dual Connectivity 7 DCI Downlink Control Information DL Downlink DM-RS Demodulation Reference Signal
  • LTE Long Term Evolution e.g. from 3GPP LTE R8 and up
  • NZP-CSI-RS Non-zero-power CSI-RS
  • a WTRU 102 may transmit or receive a physical channel or reference signal according to at least one spatial domain filter.
  • the term ‘‘beam” may be used to refer to a spatial domain filter.
  • a WTRU 102 may transmit a physical channel or signal using the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for receiving an RS (such as a CSI-RS) or a SS block.
  • the WTRU 102 transmission may be referred to as “target”, and the received RS or SS block may be referred to as “reference” or “source”.
  • the WTRU 102 may be said to transmit the target physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to such RS or SS block.
  • a WTRU 102 may transmit a first physical channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for transmitting a second physical channel or signal.
  • the first and second transmissions may be referred to as “target” and “reference” (or “source”), respectively.
  • the WTRU 102 may be said to transmit the first (e.g., target) physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to the second (e.g., reference) physical channel or signal.
  • a spatial relation may be implicit, configured by RRC or signaled by MAC CE or DCI.
  • a WTRU 102 may implicitly transmit PUSCH and DM-RS of PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as an SRS indicated by an SRI indicated in DCI or configured by RRC.
  • a spatial relation may be configured by RRC for an SRS resource indicator (SRI) or signaled by MAC CE for a PUCCH.
  • SRI SRS resource indicator
  • MAC CE signaled by MAC CE for a PUCCH.
  • Beam indication Such a spatial relation may also be referred to as a “beam indication”.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive a first (e g., target) downlink channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter or spatial reception parameter as a second (e.g., reference) downlink channel or signal.
  • a first and second signals are reference signals
  • such an association may exist when the WTRU 102 is configured with a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption type D between corresponding antenna ports.
  • QCL quasi-colocation
  • Such an association may be configured as a TCI (transmission configuration indicator) state.
  • a WTRU 102 may be indicated an association between a CSI-RS or SS block and a DM-RS by an index to a set of TCI states configured by RRC and/or signaled by MAC CE. Such an indication may also be referred to as a “beam indication”.
  • a transmission and reception point may be interchangeably used with one or more of transmission point (TP), reception point (RP), radio remote head (RRH), distributed antenna (DA), base station (BS), a sector (of a BS), and a cell (e.g., a geographical cell area served by a BS), but still consistent with this invention.
  • TP transmission point
  • RP reception point
  • RRH radio remote head
  • DA distributed antenna
  • BS base station
  • BS base station
  • a sector of a BS
  • a cell e.g., a geographical cell area served by a BS
  • subband and/or “sub-band’ may used to refer to a frequencydomain resource and may be characterized by at least one of the following: a set of resource blocks (RBs); a set of resource block sets (RB sets) (e.g. when a carrier has intra-cell guard bands); a set of interlaced RBs; a bandwidth part (BWP) or portion thereof; and/or a carrier or portion thereof
  • RBs resource blocks
  • BWP bandwidth part
  • a subband may be characterized by a starting RB and number of RBs for a set of contiguous RBs within a bandwidth part.
  • a subband may (e g., also) be defined by the value of a frequency-domain resource allocation field and bandwidth part index.
  • XDD may be used to refer to a subband-wise duplex (e.g., either UL or DL being used per subband) and may be characterized by at least one of the following: cross division duplex (e.g., subband-wise FDD within a TDD band); subband non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD); subband-based full duplex (e.g., full duplex as both UL and DL are used and/or mixed on a symbol and/or slot, but either UL or DL being used per subband on the symbol and/or slot); frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) of DL and/or UL transmissions within a TDD spectrum; a subband non-overlapping full duplex (e.g., non-overlapped sub-band full-duplex); a full duplex other than a same-frequency (e.g., spectrum sharing, subband-wise-overlapped) full duplex; and an advanced duplex method other than (e.
  • cross division duplex e.g.
  • dynamic TDD and/or “flexible TDD” may be used to refer to a TDD system/cell which may dynamically and/or flexibly change, adjust, and/or switch a communication direction (e.g., a downlink, an uplink, or a sidelink, etc.) on a time instance (e.g., slot, symbol, subframe, and/or other transmission time interval).
  • a communication direction e.g., a downlink, an uplink, or a sidelink, etc.
  • time instance e.g., slot, symbol, subframe, and/or other transmission time interval
  • a component carrier (CC) or a bandwidth part (BWP) may have one single type among ‘D’, ‘U’, and ‘F’ on a symbol and/or slot, such as based on an indication by a group-common downlink control information (GC-DCI) (e.g., format 2_0) that includes a slot format indicator (SFI), and/or based on tdd-UL-DL-config-common/dedicated configurations.
  • GC-DCI group-common downlink control information
  • SFI slot format indicator
  • a first gNB (e.g., cell, TRP) employing dynamic/flexible TDD may transmit a downlink signal to a first WTRU 102 being communicated/associated with the first gNB based on a first SFI and/or tdd-UL-DL-config configured/indicated by the first gNB
  • a second gNB (e.g., cell, TRP) employing dynamic/flexible TDD may receive an uplink signal transmitted from a second WTRU 102 being communicated/associated with the second gNB based on a second SFI and/or tdd-UL-DL-config configured/indicated by the second gNB.
  • the first WTRU 102 may determine that the reception of the downlink signal is being interfered by the uplink signal, where the interference caused by the uplink signal may refer to a WTRU-to- WTRU cross-layer interference (CLI).
  • CLI cross-layer interference
  • a WTRU 102 may report a subset of channel state information (CSI) components, where CSI components may correspond to at least a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), a SSB resource indicator (SSBRI), an indication of a panel used for reception at the WTRU 102 (such as a panel identity or group identity), measurements such as LI - RSRP, Ll-SINR taken from SSB or CSI-RS (e.g., cri-RSRP, cri-SINR, ssb-Index-RSRP, ssb- Index-SINR), and/or other channel state information such as a rank indicator (RI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI). a Layer Index (LI), and/or the like.
  • CSI-RS resource indicator CRI
  • CQI channel quality indicator
  • PMI precoding matrix indicator
  • LI Layer Index
  • a WTRU 102 may receive a synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block.
  • the SS/PBCH block (SSB) may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and/or physical broadcast channel (PBCH).
  • PSS primary synchronization signal
  • SSS secondary synchronization signal
  • PBCH physical broadcast channel
  • the WTRU 1 2 may monitor, receive, or attempt to decode an SSB during initial access, initial synchronization, radio link monitoring (RLM), cell search, cell switching, and so forth.
  • RLM radio link monitoring
  • a WTRU 102 may measure and report the channel state information (CSI).
  • the CSI (e.g., for each connection mode) may include or be configured with one or more of following: a CSI report configuration, a CSI-RS resource set, and/or NZP CSI-RS resources.
  • a CSI Report Configuration may include any of the following: a CSI report quantity’ (e.g., Channel Quality Indicator (CQI). Rank Indicator (RI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), Layer Indicator (LI), or other quantity); a CSI report type (e.g., aperiodic, semi persistent, periodic); a CSI report codebook configuration (e.g., Type I, Type II, Type II port selection, etc.); and/or a CSI report frequency.
  • a CSI report quantity e.g., Channel Quality Indicator (CQI). Rank Indicator (RI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), Layer Indicator (LI), or other quantity
  • a CSI report type e.g., aperiodic, semi persistent, periodic
  • CSI report codebook configuration e.g., Type I, Type II, Type II port
  • a CSI-RS resource set may include one or more of the following CSI resource settings: aNZP-CSI-RS resource for channel measurement; aNZP-CSI-RS resource for interference measurement; and/or a CSI-IM resource for interference measurement.
  • a NZP CSI-RS resource may include one or more of the following: a NZP CSI-RS Resource ID; a Periodicity and offset; QCL information and/or TCI-state; and/or a resource mapping (e.g., number of ports, density, CDM type, etc.).
  • a WTRU 102 may indicate, determine, or be configured with one or more reference signals.
  • the WTRU 102 may monitor, receive, and measure one or more parameters based on the respective reference signals. For example, one or more of the following may apply.
  • the following parameters are non-limiting examples of the parameters that may be included in reference signal(s) measurements. One or more of these parameters may be included. Other parameters may be included.
  • a SS reference signal received power may be measured based on the synchronization signals (e.g., DMRS in PBCH or SSS).
  • SS-RSRP may be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (RE) that carry the respective synchronization signal.
  • power scaling for the reference signals may be required.
  • the measurement may be accomplished based on CSI reference signals (e.g., in addition to the synchronization signals).
  • a CSI-RSRP may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the REs that carry the respective CSI-RS.
  • the CSI-RSRP measurement may be configured within measurement resources for the configured CSI-RS occasions.
  • a SS signal-to-noise and interference ratio may be measured based on the synchronization signals (e.g., DMRS in PBCH or SSS).
  • SS-SINR may be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of the REs that cany' the respective synchronization signal divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contribution.
  • the noise and interference power measurement may be accomplished based on resources configured by higher layers.
  • a CSI-SINR may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the REs that carry the respective CSI-RS divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contribution.
  • the noise and interference power measurement may be accomplished based on resources configured by higher layers.
  • the noise and interference power may be measured based on the resources that carry the respective CSI-RS.
  • a received signal strength indicator may be measured based on the average of the total power contribution in configured OFDM symbols and bandwidth.
  • the power contribution may be received from different resources (e.g., co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, and so forth)
  • a cross-layer interference received signal strength indicator may be measured based on the average of the total power contribution in configured OFDM symbols of the configured time and frequency resources.
  • the power contribution may be received from different resources (e.g., cross-layer interference, co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, and so forth)
  • a sounding reference signal RSRP may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (RE) that carry the respective SRS(s).
  • a secondary' synchronization signal reference signal received quality may be measured based on measurements of the reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) and received signal strength (RSSI).
  • the SS- RSRQ may be calculated as the ratio of NxSS-RSRP / NR carrier RSSI, where N may be determined based on the number of resource blocks that are in the corresponding NR carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth.
  • the measurements to be used in the numerator and denominator may be over the same set of resource blocks.
  • a CSI reference signal received quality 7 may be measured based on measurements of the reference signal received power (CSI- RSRP) and received signal strength (RSSI).
  • the SS-RSRQ may be calculated as the ratio of NxCSI-RSRP / CSI-RSSI. where N may be determined based on the number of resource blocks that are in the corresponding CSI-RSSI measurement bandwidth. As such, the measurements to be used in the numerator and denominator may be over the same set of resource blocks.
  • a grant and/or an assignment may include any of the following: frequency allocation information; time allocation information, such as a duration; a priority 7 ; a modulation and coding scheme (MCS); a transport block size; a number of spatial layers; a number of transport blocks; a TCI state, CRI, and/or SRE a number of repetitions; information indicating a repetition scheme is Type A or Type B; information indicating the grant is a configured grant ty pe 1, ty pe 2, or a dynamic grant; information indicating the assignment is a dynamic assignment or a semi-persistent scheduling (e.g., configured) assignment; a configured grant index or a semi-persistent assignment index; a periodicity of a configured grant or assignment; a channel access priority class (CAPC); and/or any parameter provided in a DCI, by MAC and/or by RRC for the scheduling the grant or assignment.
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • a transport block size such as a duration; a priority 7 ;
  • information indicated (e.g., explicitly or implicitly) by signaling may include any of the following.
  • an (e.g., explicit) indication may use a DCI field or by RNTI used to mask or scramble the CRC of the DCI.
  • an (e.g., implicit) indication may use a property', such as DCI format, DCI size, Coreset or search space, Aggregation Level, and/or first resource element of the received DCI (e.g., index of first Control Channel Element).
  • a mapping between the property and the value may be signaled by RRC or MAC.
  • receiving and/or monitoring for a DCI with or using an RNTI may refer to the CRC of the DCI being masked or scrambled with the RNTI.
  • the term ‘'signal” may be interchangeably used with any of following: sounding reference signal (SRS); channel state information - reference signal (CSI-RS); demodulation reference signal (DM-RS); phase tracking reference signal (PT- RS); and/or synchronization signal block (SSB).
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • CSI-RS channel state information - reference signal
  • DM-RS demodulation reference signal
  • PT- RS phase tracking reference signal
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • channel may be interchangeably used with any of following: physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); and/or physical random access channel (PRACH).
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
  • PUCCH physical uplink control channel
  • PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • downlink reception may be used interchangeably with Rx occasion.
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • PDSCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • uplink transmission may be used interchangeably with Tx occasion, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, and/or SRS transmission.
  • the terms “reference signal” and/or “RS” may be interchangeably used with any of RS resource, RS resource set, RS port. RS port group, SSB, CSI- RS, SRS, and/or DM-RS.
  • time instance In certain representative embodiments, the terms “time instance”, “slot”, “symbol”, “frame”, “subframe”, and/or “transmission time interval” may be used interchangeably.
  • the terms UL-only and DL-only Tx and/or Rx occasions may interchangeably be used with legacy TDD UL or legacy TDD DL, respectively.
  • the legacy TDD UL and/or DL Tx and/or Rx occasions may refer to TX and/or RX occasions where SBFD is not configured and/or where SBFD is disabled.
  • any of the terms received signal power, received signal energy, received signal strength, SSB EPRE, CSI EPRE, RSRP, RSSI, SINR, RSRQ, SS- RSRP, SS-RSSI, SS-SINR, SS-RSRQ, CSI-RSRP, CSI-RSSI, CSI-SINR, and CSI-RSRQ may be used interchangeably.
  • CLI may be used interchangeably with interference.
  • non-SBFD may be used interchangeably with operation without SBFD, TDD, legacy TDD.
  • the terms ‘UE is configured’, ‘UE is indicated', ’UE receives configuration’, and so forth, may imply that the configuration is indicated, for example, via RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, MIB, SIB, and so forth, unless indicated otherwise.
  • ‘UE is configured’ may imply ‘UE is configured via RRC, MAC-CE, MIB, SIB, and so forth'.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more types of slots within a bandwidth. For example, a first type of slot may be used and/or determined for a first direction (e.g.. downlink); a second type of slot may be used and/or determined for a second direction (e.g., uplink); a third type of slot may have a first group of frequency resources within the bandwidth for a first direction and a second group of frequency resources within the bandwidth for a second direction.
  • a first direction e.g. downlink
  • a second type of slot may be used and/or determined for a second direction (e.g., uplink)
  • a third type of slot may have a first group of frequency resources within the bandwidth for a first direction and a second group of frequency resources within the bandwidth for a second direction.
  • bandwidth may be interchangeably used with bandwidth part (BWP), carrier, subband, and/or system bandwidth.
  • first type of slot (e.g., the slot for a first direction) may be referred to as a downlink slot.
  • the term “second type of slot” (e.g., slot for a second direction) may be referred to as an uplink slot.
  • the term “third type of slot” may be referred to as a SBFD slot.
  • the term “group of frequency resources for a first direction” may be referred to as a downlink subband, downlink frequency resource, and/or downlink RBs.
  • the term “group of frequency resources for a second direction”’ may be referred to as an uplink subband, uplink frequency resource, and/or uplink RBs.
  • the term “group of frequency resources for a flexible direction” may be referred to as a flexible subband, flexible frequency resource, and/or flexible RBs.
  • guard band guard frequency resource
  • guard RB guard RB
  • a (e.g., SBFD-enabled) WTRU 102 may receive or be configured with one or more SBFD UL or DL subbands in one or more DL/UL/flexible TDD time instances (e.g., symbols, slots, frames, and so forth).
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more resource allocations for SBFD subbands.
  • a SBFD configuration may include a flag signal (e.g., enabled/disabled).
  • a first value e.g., zero (0)
  • a second value e.g., one (1)
  • the modes of operation may be indicated via MIB, SIB, semi-statically (e.g., via RRC), dynamic (e.g., via MAC- CE, DCI), and so forth.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a set of time resources (e.g., one or more symbols, slots, and so forth), for which the first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD) is defined in. for example, one or more BWPs, subbands, component carriers (CC), cells, and so forth.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a set of frequency resources (e.g., subbands and/or BWPs including one or more PRBs) within a (active and/or linked) BWP, for which the first mode of operation (e g., SBFD) is configured.
  • the time instances e.g., slots, symbols
  • the time instances may be indicated via a bitmap configuration, such as where each bit corresponds to a time instance (e.g., slot, symbol, subframe, etc.) and each bit indication indicates whether a corresponding time instance can be used for the first or second mode of operation.
  • a bitmap configuration such as where each bit corresponds to a time instance (e.g., slot, symbol, subframe, etc.) and each bit indication indicates whether a corresponding time instance can be used for the first or second mode of operation.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured with a DL TDD configuration for a component earner (CC) and/or a BWP for one or more Rx occasions (e.g., via tdd-UL-DL-config-common/dedicated configurations, slot format indicator (SFI), and so forth).
  • CC component earner
  • BWP BWP for one or more Rx occasions
  • the first mode of operation e.g., SBFD
  • one or more of the configured frequency resources e.g., subbands, PRBs, and/or BWPs
  • the configured frequency resources e.g., subbands, PRBs, and/or BWPs
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured with an UL TDD configuration for a component carrier (CC) and/or a BWP for one or more Tx occasions (e.g., via tdd-UL-DL-config-common/dedicated configurations, slot format indicator (SFI). and so forth).
  • CC component carrier
  • BWP BWP for one or more Tx occasions
  • the first mode of operation e.g., SBFD
  • one or more of the configured frequency resources e.g., subbands, PRBs, and/or BWPs
  • the configured frequency resources e.g., subbands, PRBs, and/or BWPs
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured with a DL. UL, and/or flexible TDD configuration for a component carrier (CC) and/or a BWP for one or more Rx/Tx occasions (e.g., via tdd-UL-DL-config-common/dedicated configurations, slot format indicator (SFI), and so forth).
  • CC component carrier
  • the first mode of operation e.g., SBFD
  • one or more of the configured frequency resources e.g., subbands, PRBs, and/or BWPs
  • the first mode of operation e.g. either UL transmission or DL reception based on the configurations.
  • a duplexing mode for the first mode of operation may be indicated via a flag indication.
  • a first value e.g., zero (0)
  • a second the value e.g., one (1)
  • a second mode e.g., a DL duplexing mode
  • a duplexing mode configuration and/or flag for the first mode of operation may be configured as a part of modes of an operation configuration that can be semi-static (e.g., via RRC) or dynamic (e.g.. via DCI, MAC-CE).
  • a duplexing mode configuration and/or flag for the first mode of operation may be configured as part of a resource allocation configuration for a Tx/Rx occasion.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured, determined, and/or indicated to perform a measurement of CLLRSSI in a given time period.
  • the given time period may be one or more slots, OFDM symbols, resource blocks (RBs), and/or resource elements (REs).
  • the CLI-RSSI which may be measured in a given time and/or frequency resource may be referred to as LI -CLI-RSSI, short-term CLI-RSSI, aperiodic CLI-RSSI, and so forth.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured, determined, and/or indicated to perform a measurement of RSRP based on one or more reference signals (e.g., SRS-RSRP) in the context of CLI measurement in a given time period.
  • the given time period may be one or more slots, OFDM symbols, resource blocks (RBs). and/or resource elements (REs).
  • the SRS-RSRP which may be measured in a given time/frequency resource may be referred to as Ll-SRS-RSRP. short-term SRS-RSRP, aperiodic SRS-RSRP, SRS-RSRP-CLI, and so forth.
  • CLI-RSSI Ll-CLI-RSSI
  • CLI interference signal strength
  • SINR SINR
  • RS SI RS SI
  • SRS-RSRP SRS-RSRP-CLI
  • Ll-SRS-RSRP Ll-SRS-RSRP
  • RSRP RSRP
  • one or more RSSI (or RSRP) types may be used and a WTRU 102 may be configured to perform one or more RSSI (or RSRP) types (e.g., of measurement).
  • a first RSSI (or RSRP) ty pe may be based on a measurement over a long time period (e.g., more than one slot) and/or the measurement may be reported via a higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC. MAC).
  • a second RSSI (or RSRP) type may be based on a measurement over a short time period (e.g., one slot, within a slot, one or more OFDM symbols within a slot) and/or the measurement may be reported via LI signaling (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, RACH, SRS).
  • LI signaling e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, RACH, SRS.
  • RSSI may be interchangeably used with RSRP, RSRQ, and/or SINR.
  • CLI-RSSI may be interchangeably used with SRS-RSRP and/or SINR.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured with a set of time/frequency resource to measure Ll-CLI-RSSI.
  • the time/frequency resource(s) for Ll-CLI-RSSI measurement may be referred to as CLI-RSSI Measurement Resources (CRMRs).
  • a CRMR may be a resource configured, determined, or defined (e.g., via RRC. MAC-CE, DCI).
  • a CRMR may be determined via CLI-ResourceConfig, CLI- ResourceConfig-r-16, and so forth.
  • a CRMR may be associated with one or more of following properties.
  • a CRMR may be associated with a set of muted REs in a downlink resource (e.g., PDSCH).
  • the muted REs may be rate-matched around or punctured for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission.
  • a CRMR may be associated with a set of muted REs that may have a same pattern (e.g., same time/frequency location) in each RB.
  • a CRMR may be associated with a set of muted REs that may have a different pattern based on the RB location.
  • a first pattern may be used for the RBs located in an edge of the scheduled RBs and a second pattern may be used for the RBs located in a center of the scheduled RBs.
  • the first pattern and the second pattern may have a different number of muted RES.
  • a CRMR may be associated with a set of muted REs that may be in the form of zero-power resources (e.g., CSI-RS and/or ZP-CSI-RS).
  • a CRMR may be associated with a set of REs not scheduled or used for the WTRU 102 measuring CRMR.
  • a CRMR may be associated with a set of REs may be located in an RB which may be configured or determined as guard band (or guard RB).
  • a guard band (or guard RB) may be located in between uplink and downlink resources.
  • a WTRU 102 may skip receiving or transmitting a signal in a guard band.
  • a CRMR may be associated with one or more reference signals (e.g., DMRS. SRS. sidelink CSI-RS. etc.).
  • reference signals e.g., DMRS. SRS. sidelink CSI-RS. etc.
  • a CRMR may be associated with a second set of DMRS REs within a second CDM group (e.g., within a scheduled downlink resource/RBs, e.g., of PDSCH).
  • a WTRU 102 may receive a DCI, scheduling the PDSCH, indicating a first set of DMRS REs corresponding to a first CDM group to be used for receiving the PDSCH.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive the DCI, scheduling the PDSCH, indicating a first set of DMRS REs corresponding to a first CDM group, such as based on an indicated (e.g., DMRS) antenna port field of the DCI.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine that a second set of DMRS REs within a second CDM group (other than the first CDM group) may be used as the CRMR (e.g., within the scheduled PDSCH).
  • a CRMR may be located within a scheduled resource (e.g., scheduled PDSCH RBs).
  • a CRMR may be configured commonly for a set of WTRUs (e.g., WTRUs in proximity).
  • a gNB may configure a CRMR for a group of WTRUs.
  • the group of WTRUs may share one or more of following: a group-ID to receive a DCI (e.g., a group-RNTI); a zone-ID, such as where the zone-ID may be determined based on a geographical location of the WTRU 102 (e.g., GNSS); and/or WTRUs paired for sidelink unicast (or groupcast) transmission.
  • Ll-CLI-RSSI measurement (including CRMR resource) may be considered as CSI reporting quantity and configured as a part of CSI reporting setting.
  • a CRMR may be configured in a first subband type (e.g., DL subbands) to measure the (e.g., effect of) one or more reference signals received in a second subband type (e.g., UL subbands).
  • the reference signals may be received and measured in resources that may be identified, such as zero-power or muted resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured, determined, or indicated to measure the effect of reference signals being transmitted in other resources (e.g.. a second type resources, such as UL subbands) in these resources (e.g., a first type resources, such as DL subbands).
  • a first WTRU 102 may be configured to measure SRS-RSRP in DL subbands on an SBFD configuration, where the SRS is transmitted by a second WTRU 102 in the UL subbands.
  • a first WTRU 102 may measure SRS-RSRP based of the configured SRS signaling in the DL subbands.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure the CLI-RSSI based on the configured SRS signaling in the UL subbands.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured, determined, or indicated to perform a delta CLI-RSSI, which may be based on a first CLI-RSSI measurement in a first time/frequency location and a second CLI-RSSI measurement in a second time/frequency location.
  • the delta CLI-RSSI e.g., delta-CLI-RSSI
  • the delta CLI-RSSI may be a difference between a first CLI-RSSI (e.g., CLI-RSSI1) and a second CLI-RSSI (e.g., CLI-RSSI2).
  • the first CLI-RSSI may be measured from CRMR resources located at or around the edge of the scheduled RBs while the second CLI-RSSI may be measured from CRMR resources located in the middle of the scheduled RBs.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured with a first CRMR resource for the first CLI-RSSI measurement and a second CRMR resource for the second CLI-RSSI measurement.
  • a WTRU 102 may determine to report CLI measurement related information when a measured delta-CLI-RSSI is larger than a threshold. For example. CLI reporting may be triggered based on the delta-CLI-RSSI measurement being larger than a (e.g., predetermined or configured) threshold.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured or determined to measure CLI-RSSI per subband level.
  • a subband may be configured or predetermined and a WTRU 102 may perform CLI-RSSI measurement in each subband.
  • a subband size may be determined based on the number of scheduled RBs (e.g., for PDSCH).
  • the WTRU 102 may report CLI-RSSI measurement for any (e.g., all) subbands.
  • the WTRU 102 may report a subset of CLI-RSSI. such as where the subset may be determined based on one or more conditions (e.g.. CLI-RSSI value above threshold, subband location (e.g., edge of scheduled RBs), and/or subband index).
  • a WTRU 102 may determine a bandwidth of beam measurement and/or reporting (e.g., wideband or subband). For example, a bandwidth of beam measurement and/or reporting based on one or more of following conditions: a time unit type, and/or a presence of CLI-RSSI measurement.
  • a time unit type may refer to SBFD and/or non- SBFD.
  • a WTRU 102 may report wideband CRI (e.g., wideband beam index) in non- SBFD time units (e.g., symbol, slot, and so forth) and/or the WTRU 102 may report subband CRI (e.g., subband beam index) in SBFD time units.
  • a bandwidth of beam measurement and/or reporting may be determined based on whether CLI-RSSI is measured (e.g., present) in the same slot or not.
  • a WTRU 102 may be indicated to perform CLI- RSSI measurement in a specific frequency location within scheduled RBs (or non-scheduled RBs), such as where the specific frequency location may be (e.g., determined as) one or more of subbands, RBs, and/or REs.
  • the indication may be in a DCI which may trigger the CLI-RSSI measurement (e.g., aperiodic CLI-RSSI measurement).
  • a specific frequency location may be indicated based on the CRMR resource frequency location.
  • one or more CRMR resources may be configured and each CRMR resource may be located in a specific frequency location based on configuration information.
  • a WTRU 102 may be indicated to perform measurement on a CRMR resource indicated in a DCI.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive information (e.g., a dynamic indication), on CSI-IM resources with UL-muting in a serving cell, indicating to measure interference, such as CLI, (e.g., from non-serving cells) and to calculate SINR accordingly.
  • the WTRU 102 may (e.g.. optionally) report the measurements.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and/or associated with one or more group-common DCI including a group-ID.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive a group-common DCI (e.g., a DCI with CRC scrambled with a UL-Muting-G-RNTI) indicating a UL muting command in addition to (e.g.. one or more) configuration information on and/or associated with UL muting resources.
  • a group-common DCI e.g., a DCI with CRC scrambled with a UL-Muting-G-RNTI
  • the WTRU 102 may be (pre)configured with one or more CSI report configurations (e.g., aperiodic) associated with one or more CSI-IM resources (e.g., in one or more DL subbands).
  • CSI report configurations e.g., aperiodic
  • CSI-IM resources e.g., in one or more DL subbands.
  • a received group-common indication may indicate if UL muting is activated or deactivated (e.g., in one or more UL subbands) at one or more same symbols as at least one of the configured CSI-IM resources.
  • the indication may identify or be associated with the time and/or frequency resources where the UL muting is taking place, such as the starting symbol, slot, time instance and/or the length of the UL muting.
  • the indication may also include or be associated with information on and/or associated with a periodicity of the UL muting, such as whether it is periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic (e.g., one-shot UL muting for a period of time starting from an indicated symbol).
  • a UL muting command may include information indicating (e.g., indications on) whether UL muting is taking place in the entire UL subband and/or BWP, or only on some RBs (e.g., a (pre)defmed number of RBs closer to boundaries in SBFD configurations).
  • a WTRU 102 may trigger measuring or determine to trigger measuring of the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting and/or send reporting information.
  • a WTRU-specific DCI reception may be used as a trigger.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive a WTRU-specific DCI (e.g., DCI 0_0, DCI 0 1, CSI triggering DCI) triggering to measure and report the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive report configurations via DCI as well.
  • a trigger may be event based.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine or detect one or more events that require measuring interference signal strength in symbols with UL muting. As such, upon reception of the UL muting command, the WTRU 102 may use the indicated CSI-IM resources to perform measurement. The WTRU 102 may use CSI report configurations associated with the measured CSI-IM resources for reporting the measured SINR.
  • low SINR on CSI-IM resources may trigger measuring and/or reporting the measurements for the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting.
  • a WTRU 102 has measured low SINR based on general CSI-IM resources (e.g. , without UL muting) and wants to determine whether the source of CLI and low SINR is from the serving cell or the neighbor (e.g., non-serving) cells.
  • a switch (or determination to switch) from a single TRP to a multi-TRP configuration may trigger measuring and/or reporting the measurements for the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting.
  • the WTRU 102 in a multi-TRP system may determine to switch from a single-TRP to a multi-TRP configuration and needs to determine the CLI from the other TRPs.
  • L1/L2 triggered mobility may trigger measuring and/or reporting the measurements for the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting.
  • a WTRU 102 with mobility and in the middle of a L1/L2 triggered mobility (LTM) handover procedure may need to determine the CLI from neighbor nonserving cells.
  • a trigger may be based on (e.g., a supplementary' indication in) a group- common DCI.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive supplementary' configuration information in a UL muting command including a list of WTRUs to perform measurements during the UL-muting resources (e g., based on indicated CSI-IM resources).
  • the trigger may be based on a block structure where a configured number of bits is allocated to each WTRU 102 (e.g., 1 -bit or 2 bits) indicating the UE’s respective behavior.
  • the WTRU 102 may have determined or is configured to measure the interference signal strength in symbols with UL muting, the WTRU 102 may perform (e.g., in general) in cases where the WTRU 102 is configured with UL transmission in the indicated symbols with UL muting, then the WTRU 102 may drop the entire UL transmission instance and performs measurement. As another example, if the WTRU 102 is a WTRU-SBFD-capable UE, then the WTRU 102 may apply rate-matching for the configured resources with UL muting and performs measurement on the indicated CSI-IM resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure the interference signal strength based on the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting. The WTRU 102 may use the measured interference signal strength to calculate the SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may report the calculated SINR and/or cross-link interference (CLI) Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based on one or more configured report configurations that are associated with the indicated CSI-IM resources and/or the WTRU-specific DCI reception.
  • CLI cross-link interference
  • RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
  • a WTRU 102 may receive information indicating, or be configured with, one or more resource allocation settings for uplink transmissions (e.g., channels and/or signals) in one or more Tx occasions.
  • the resource allocation and/or configuration may include one or more settings and/or parameters, such as starting PRB, second hop starting PRB, number of PRBs, number of slots, starting sy mbol index, PUCCH format, cyclic shift, and/or OCC config, and the like that may be indicated based on a PUCCH resource index and/or indicator (e.g.. PUCCH-Resourceld).
  • PUCCH resource index and/or indicator e.g.. PUCCH-Resourceld
  • the WTRU 102 may determine, receive, and/or be configured with an associated PUCCH resource index and/or indicator to be used for sending corresponding control information (e.g., HARQ-ACK. CSI report, and so forth).
  • a downlink (e.g., shared) channel transmission e.g., PDSCH
  • semi-static indications e.g., SPS PDSCH configured by SPS-Conflg
  • the WTRU 102 may determine, receive, and/or be configured with an associated PUCCH resource index and/or indicator to be used for sending corresponding control information (e.g., HARQ-ACK. CSI report, and so forth).
  • the time resources (e.g., slot) for transmission of HARQ-ACK in a respective PUCCH transmission may be defined, such as based on one or more RRC- configured parameters (e.g., KI defined via dl-DataToUL-ACK in PUCCH-Config in BWP- UplinkDedicated), and/or activated by DCI (e.g., format 1 1 or 1 2 with a value of PDSCH-to- HARQ Jeedback timing indicator field).
  • RRC- configured parameters e.g., KI defined via dl-DataToUL-ACK in PUCCH-Config in BWP- UplinkDedicated
  • DCI e.g., format 1 1 or 1 2 with a value of PDSCH-to- HARQ Jeedback timing indicator field
  • the resource allocation and/or configuration may be indicated based on one or more settings and/or parameters, such as time resources (e.g., timeDomainAllocation), frequency resources (e.g., frequencyDomainAllocatiori), periodicity, and/or repetition, and so forth.
  • time resources e.g., timeDomainAllocation
  • frequency resources e.g., frequencyDomainAllocatiori
  • periodicity e.g., periodicity
  • repetition e.g., a PUSCH transmission corresponding to a first configured grant (e.g., Type 1)
  • a PUSCH transmission corresponding to a second configured grant e.g., Type 2
  • activated e.g., by DCI
  • the resource allocations may be provided by one or more parameters (e.g., via ConfiguredGrantConflg in BWP-UplinkDedicated and/or activating UL grant received on the DCI).
  • a frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) may be indicated in the DCI indicating the multiple PUSCH transmissions (e.g., repetitions).
  • the FDRA may be received via RRC configuration, such as in a configured grant configuration.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive a DCI (e.g.. an UL grant DCI) scheduling a PUSCH.
  • a DCI e.g.. an UL grant DCI
  • the time domain resource allocation (TDRA) value e.g., in DCI
  • the slot offset e.g., K2 via indexed row
  • the start and/or length indicator e.g., SLIV
  • the start symbol and the allocation length e.g., SLIV
  • a WTRU 102 may receive one or more indications, commands, and/or configuration information (e.g., from a gNB) on resources where UL muting is taking, or is to take, place. Upon reception of the one or more indications, commands, and/or configuration information, the WTRU 102 may determine the time and/or frequency resources where the WTRU 102 cannot and/or should not transmit (e.g., determined, configured, scheduled, and/or granted) UL transmissions.
  • an UL transmission occasions may include any of SRS, PRACH, configured PUSCH, dynamic grant PUSCH, PUSCH scheduled by non-fallback DCI formats (e.g., DCI formats 0 1 and 0 2), PUCCH, UCI, HARQ-ACK, etc.
  • the WTRU 102 may (e.g., also) determine the time and/or frequency resources where other WTRUs may not transmit respective (e.g., configured, scheduled, and/or granted) UL transmissions.
  • the terms resources, time and/or frequency resources, and/or occasions may be used interchangeably.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured with an UL transmission that overlaps with the indicated time and/or frequency resources for UL muting.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine a mode of operation.
  • a WTRU 102 may determine that puncturing the configured UL transmission may not require puncturing the DMRS symbols and/or REs, and the WTRU 102 may use a first mode of operation. Otherwise, in case the WTRU 102 determines that puncturing the configured UL transmission may require puncturing the DMRS symbols and/or REs, the WTRU 102 may use a second mode of operation.
  • a first mode of operation may be based on puncturing or performing rate-matching for a configured UL transmission that overlaps with a (e.g., configured) UL muting occasions.
  • a second mode of operation may be based on dropping or not transmitting a configured UL transmission that overlaps with a (e.g., configured) UL muting occasions.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured with UL muting in one or more resources and the WTRU 102 may also be configured and/or scheduled with one or more DL reception grants and/or occasions (e.g., SSB, PDCCH, PDSCH, CSI-RS, PT-RS, etc.). The WTRU 102 may receive the configured and/or scheduled DL signals and/or channels based on the scheduled and/or configured configurations.
  • DL reception grants and/or occasions e.g., SSB, PDCCH, PDSCH, CSI-RS, PT-RS, etc.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive one or more indications, commands, and/or configuration information (e.g., from a gNB) on one or more UL muting occasions. For example, a WTRU 102 may receive an UL muting command via dynamic configurations (e.g., via DCI). In another example, a WTRU 102 may receive one or more configuration information on and/or associated with semi-static resources where UL muting may be configured (e.g., viaMAC-CE, RRC, SIB, etc.). In another example, a WTRU 102 may receive an (e.g., explicit or implicit) indication (e.g., via MAC-CE, DCI).
  • an (e.g., explicit or implicit) indication e.g., via MAC-CE, DCI).
  • a WTRU 102 may receive an indication on resources with UL muting based on one or more indication signals and/or channels.
  • One or more of the following example indication signals and/or channels may be used: MIB, SIB, PDCCH, RRC. MAC-CE, and/or DCI.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and/or associated with one or more time and frequency resources with UL muting via PBCH in a MIB corresponding to a detected SSB.
  • the configuration may indicate resources where the UL muting may happen.
  • the indication may indicate that the UL muting may take place periodically, semi- persistently, or aperiodically, such as based on one or more events, parameters, and/or configurations.
  • the indicated resources for UL muting may be cell-common, group-common, event-based, and/or WTRU-specific.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and/or associated with one or more time and frequency resources with UL muting via any of SIB1, SIB2, and so forth.
  • the configuration may indicate semi-static resources where the UL muting may happen.
  • the indication may indicate that UL muting may take place periodically, semi- persistently, or aperiodically, such as based on one or more events, parameters, and/or configurations.
  • the indicated resources for UL muting may be cell-common, group-common, event-based, and/or WTRU-specific.
  • the WTRU 102 may monitor and detect search spaces for PDCCH detection, such as in corresponding common search spaces (CSS).
  • a CSS may be for example one or more of Type 1 common CSS without a dedicated RRC configuration, such as Type 0, 0A and 2 CSS, one or more of Type 1 common CSS with dedicated RRC configuration, such as Type 3 CSS and WTRU 102 specific search space, and so forth.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive one or more configuration information on and/or associated with one or more time and/or frequency resources with UL muting via RRC signaling.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive one or more configuration information on and/or associated with one or more time and frequency resources with UL muting via MAC-CE signaling.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive one or more group DCI (e.g., DCI format 2 0, 2_1, etc.) and/or WTRU-specific DCI (e.g., DCI format 0 0, 0_l, 1 0, 1_1, etc.) indications.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive one or more (e.g., dynamic) UL muting commands and indications including configuration information on and/or associated with one or more resources for UL muting via DCI.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive one or more UL muting commands and indications including indications and references to activate, enable, deactivate, and/or disable one or more (pre)configured resources for UL muting via DCI.
  • the indicated resources for UL muting may be cell-common, group-common, event-based, and/or WTRU-specific.
  • the indicated resources for UL muting may be cell-common, that is all the WTRUs that are camped-on and/or connected to the corresponding cell may (e g., should) perform UL muting in the indicated resources.
  • the indicated resources for UL muting may be group-common, that is the UL muting in the indicated resources may (e.g., must) be performed only by the WTRUs that belong to a configured and/or indicated group, or the WTRUs that are indicated via one or more corresponding groups' signaling.
  • the group-common UL-muting command and/or indication may be based on an event detected at the gNB and/or the configured group of WTRUs.
  • the indicated resources for UL muting may be event-based, that is UL muting in the indicated resources may (e.g., must) be applied only by the WTRUs that have detected one or more configured events.
  • the indicated resources for UL muting may be WTRU-specific, that is UL muting in the indicated resources may (e.g., must) be applied only by the WTRUs that have received corresponding indications.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive or be configured with one or more time and/or frequency resources where the UL muting is configured, scheduled, and/or indicated.
  • the indication may include one or more of the following configuration information: time resources, periodicity, and/or frequency resources.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive or be configured with the time resources where the UL muting is configured.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive the configured time resources based on one or more of an exact time, (e.g., configured) gaps and/or offsets.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive a starting time instance (e.g.. symbol, slot, subframe, etc.), the ending time instance, and/or the time duration during which the UL muting is configured.
  • the time duration may be indicated based on time units (e.g., us, ms, seconds, etc.), or based on time instances (e.g.. symbols, slots, subframes, etc.).
  • the WTRU 102 may receive configurations on an UL muting occasion that is configured with a starting symbol (e.g., symbol #1) and ending symbol (e.g., symbol #5).
  • the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and/or associated with an UL muting occasion that is configured with a starting symbol (e.g., #1) and a duration (e.g., four symbols).
  • the WTRU 102 may receive or be configured with an (e.g., exact) time instance in addition to one or more time gap or time offset values.
  • the WTRU 102 may use the configured time gaps before and/or after the configured time instance to determine the time when the UL muting is configured.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive configurations on an UL muting occasion that is configured at a symbol (e.g., #3) with a number (e.g., 2) symbols before and after gaps (e.g., that implies symbol #l-#5).
  • a WTRU 102 may receive or be configured with one or more periodicity 7 types for the configured UL muting occasions.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more periodic UL muting occasions where the time period is indicated and/or configured for the UE.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more semi-persistent UL muting occasions where the duration for which the UL muting is taking place is indicated and/or configured for the UE.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more aperiodic UL muting occasions, such as one-shot UL muting for a configured time duration (e.g., starting from an indicated time instance).
  • the WTRU 102 may receive or be configured with the frequency resources where the UL muting is configured.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with the frequency resources based on one or more of UL RBs.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive the configured time resources based on one or more of the following: (e.g., entire) UL boundaries and/or (e g., limited) UL RBs.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more UL muting occasions, such as where the UL muting is configured in the entire configured and/or indicated UL RBs, UL PRBs, UL RBGs, UL PRGs, UL subbands, UL BWPs. and/or UL sub-BWPs.
  • the WTRU 102 must not transmit UL in the entire configured UL frequency boundaries and also may expect other configured WTRUs to not transmit in the entire configured UL frequency boundaries.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more UL muting occasions, such as where the UL muting is configured in one or more (e.g., limited) RBs or RB sets within the configured UL frequency boundaries.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine, receive, or be configured with a number of RBs, or RB sets where the UL muting is configured.
  • the configured number of RBs may be the RBs close to the band edge of the configured UL boundaries.
  • the WTRU 102 may explicitly receive or be (pre)configured with the number of RBs where UL muting may take place.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine the number of RBs based on a (pre)configured, determined, or indicated function and/or one or more parameters.
  • a WTRU 102 that is configured to measure CSI-RS may report different CSI parameters (e.g., CQI, SINR, RSRQ, etc.) in time and frequency resources that totally overlap, partially overlap, or do not overlap but are affected by one or more UL muting occasions. That is, the CSI measurements in resources with or without UL muting may result in different measured values, for example, due to different inference strength in resources with or without UL muting.
  • CSI parameters e.g., CQI, SINR, RSRQ, etc.
  • the WTRU 102 that is for example calculating the average of one or more measured parameters may require to distinguish the resources that are impacted by UL muting.
  • a WTRU 102 that is configured or scheduled to receive one or more DL receptions e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH
  • may measure different quality parameters e.g., hypothetical BLER based on PDCCH or PDSCH DMRS.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine or be indication and/or configured to measure the quality 7 parameters in time and frequency resources that may totally overlap, partially overlap, or do not overlap but get affected by one or more UL muting occasions.
  • the measurements in resources with or without UL muting may result in different measured values, for example due to different inference strength in respective resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may require distinguishing the resources that are impacted by UL muting for determining and reporting SINR, CQI, MCS, and/or the like for the configured and/or scheduled DL receptions.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive one or more UL muting indications and/or UL muting commands, such as via one or more group-common DCI indications where the CRC in at least one of the received DCIs may be scrambled with a (pre)configured group RNTI (e.g., UL-Mutmg-G-RNTI).
  • group-common DCI may indicate one or more configuration information on and/or associated with one or more UL muting occasions, where the configuration information may include activation or deactivation of the configured UL muting occasions in addition to time and/or frequency resources, repetition, and so forth.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more CS1 (e.g.. report) configurations to measure and/or report interference and/or channel parameters based on one or more configured UL muting occasions.
  • the configured CSI (e.g., report) configurations may include one or more CSI-RS resources or CSI-RS resource sets.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and/or associated with the configured CSI report configurations via any of RRC, MAC-CE, and/or DCI.
  • the configured CSI reports may be based on periodic, aperiodic, and/or semi-persistent CSI measurement and/or reporting.
  • a WTRU 102 may determine that one or more of the configured CSI-RS resources and/or CSI-RS resource sets may be associated with one or more UL muting occasions.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more CSI- IM resources for interference measurement in one or more DL frequency bands, such as where the DL frequency bands may include DL subbands, DL BWPs, DL RBs, DL PRBs, DL RBGs, DL PRGs, and/or DL Sub-BWPs and the like.
  • a WTRU 102 may determine that one or more configured CSI-IM resources may be configured in the same time instances (e.g., symbols, slots, etc.) as one or more configured UL muting occasions.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine that the configured CSI-IM frequency resources and the configured frequency resources for the UL muting occasions may have one or more of the following relations or correspondences: fully overlapped, non-overlapped, or partially overlapped.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine that the configured CSI-IM time and frequency resources fully overlap with one or more of the configured UL muting occasions.
  • the WTRU 102c in serving Cell 1 is configured to measure interference during an UL muting occasion in Cell 2 that is the non-serving neighbor cell.
  • the measurement is configured in the third slot, that is an SBFD slot in Cell 1 and a TDD UL slot in Cell 2.
  • the configured slot in Cell 2 with UL muting is an UL slot where UL muting is configured to take place in the entire UL BWP.
  • the CSI-IM resources can be used for intersub-band interference (e.g., CLI) measurement from UL transmissions in the UL sub-bands in the configured SBFD symbol, for example, for measuring CLI1 from the WTRU 102a to the WTRU 102c.
  • intersub-band interference e.g., CLI
  • the WTRU 102 may determine that the configured CSI-IM frequency resources do not overlap with any of the configured UL muting frequency resources.
  • An example is provided in FIG. 4, where the WTRU 102c in Serving Cell #1 is configured to measure interference during an UL muting occasion in the UL sub-band of the same SBFD symbol in Cell #1. The measurement is configured in the third slot, that is an SBFD slot in Cell #1.
  • the CSI-IM resources can be used for inter-sub-band and intra-sub-band interference (e.g., CLI) measurement from UL transmissions in the UL slots orUL sub-bands from the neighbor cells, for example, for measuring CLI2 from WTRU 102b to the WTRU 102c.
  • CLI inter-sub-band and intra-sub-band interference
  • the WTRU 102 may determine that the configured CSI-IM frequency resources may partially overlap with one or more of the configured UL muting frequency resources.
  • the CSI-IM resources can be used for subband-wise interference (e.g., CLI) measurements.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more CSI report configurations.
  • the associated CSI-RS resources and/or CSI-RS resource sets may be configured for CSI measurement in resources with UL muting.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured or receive configurations on one or more CSI-RS resources and/or CSI-RS resource sets.
  • a configuration may include a flag or other indication that indicates if the CSI-RS resources are associated with one or more UL muting occasions.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured with a first CSI- RS resource, or a first CSI-RS resource set, based on first time and frequency resources, where there may be no UL muting occasions configured at the corresponding first time and frequency resources.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured with a second CSI-RS resource, or a second CSI-RS resource set, based on second time and frequency resources, where one or more UL muting occasions may be configured at the corresponding second time and frequency resources.
  • the configured CSI-RS resources and/or CSI-RS resource sets may include one or more CSI-IM resources for interference measurement in one or more time and frequency resources that coincide with one or more UL muting occasions.
  • the configured CSI-RS resources and/or CSI-RS resource sets may include one or more ZP-CSI-RS resources for interference measurement in one or more time and frequency resources that coincide with one or more UL muting occasions.
  • CSI-IM and ZP-CSI-RS may be used interchangeably.
  • a WTRU 102 may trigger measuring and/or reporting interference measurements based on one or more CSI-RS report configurations, the configured CSI-IM time and frequency resources, and/or the configured and/or indicated UL muting occasions.
  • One or more of the following triggering options may be used.
  • WTRU-specific triggering DCI reception may be used.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive one or more indications to perform interference measurements and/or report the measurements based on configured CSI- IM resources and indicated and/or configured UL muting occasions.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive the indication via WTRU-specific signaling.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive the signaling based on RRC. MAC-CE, DCI, and/or the like signaling.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive the signaling based on one or more of DCI 0_0, DCI 0 1, and/or another CSI triggering DCI.
  • a WTRU 102 may determine that the received signaling activates, enables, and/or triggers one or more (pre)configured CSI measurement and/or reporting configurations.
  • the WTRU 102 may use the information to perform measurements and reporting based on activated, enabled, and/or triggered configurations, where the configurations may include, but are not limited to, UL muting occasions, UL muting periodicity 7 , CSI-IM resources, CSI-IM properties, and/or reporting configurations and the like.
  • a WTRU 102 may determine that the received signaling includes one or more indications and/or configurations on CSI measurement and/or reporting.
  • the WTRU 102 may use the information to perform measurements and reporting based on the configured and/or indicated configurations, where the configurations may include, but are not limited to, UL muting occasions, UL muting periodicity.
  • one or more event-based triggers may be used.
  • a WTRU 102 may determine and/or detect one or more events that may trigger performing one or more channel and/or interference measurements based on one or more (pre)configured UL muting occasions.
  • the WTRU 102 that has determined and/or detected one or more triggering events may monitor to detect and/or receive at least one UL muting command and/or signaling (e.g., via RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, etc.).
  • the WTRU 102 may use at least one of the (pre)configured UL muting occasions, for which the WTRU 102 may be (pre)configured (e.g., via MIB, SIB, RRC, etc.) with the corresponding time and frequency resources, periodicity', repetition, and so forth.
  • the WTRU 102 may identify one or more of the configured CSI-IM resources that coincide in time with the determined UL muting occasions.
  • a WTRU 102 may perform the interference measurements and report the measured interferences.
  • the WTRU 102 may use the report configurations that are associated with the identified CSI-IM resources. That is, the WTRU 102 may determine the configured report configuration that is associated yvith the identified CSI-IM resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may then use the determined report configurations for sending the report on the measured interferences (e.g., CLI).
  • a WTRU 102 may determine and/or detect one or more of the folloyving example events: loyv SINR, TRP switching (e.g., single TRP to multi-TRP), and/or mobility.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure SINR and/or CLI based on one or more CSI- IM resources without UL muting, where the WTRU 102 may determine that the measured SINR is loyver than a corresponding threshold, and that the measured CLI is higher than a corresponding threshold.
  • the WTRU 102 may require determining whether the measured interference and CLI is based on an aggressor WTRU in the serving cell or for example in the non-serving neighbor cells. As such, the WTRU 102 may trigger measuring one or more UL muting resources to determine where the dominant aggressor WTRU is located.
  • the WTRU 102c may measure the CSI-IM resources that correspond to UL muting occasions corresponding to the serving Cell #1. That is, the UL muting occasions may be configured in a UL sub-band in the SBFD symbols, where the CSI-IM resources may be configured in a DL sub-band of the same SBFD symbols.
  • the WTRU 102c determines that the measured SINR is low (e.g., lower than a threshold) or that the measured CLI is high (e.g., higher than a threshold)
  • the WTRU 102c may determine that the dominant aggressor WTRU is not connected or camped-on the serving Cell 1, and it is connected or camped-on a neighbor non-serving cell.
  • the WTRU 102c may determine that WTRU 102b in the neighbor Cell #2 is the dominant aggressor WTRU.
  • the WTRU 102c may measure the CSI-IM resources that correspond to UL muting occasions corresponding to the neighbor non-serving Cell #2. That is, the UL muting occasions may be configured in the UL BWP in the TDD UL transmission time interval (e.g.. symbols and/or slots), where the CSI-IM resources may be configured in the DL sub-band of the same SBFD transmission time interval (e.g.. symbols and/or slots).
  • the WTRU 102c determines that the measured SINR is low or that the measured CLI is high, the WTRU 102c may determine that the dominant aggressor WTRU is connected or camped-on the serving Cell #1. For example, in FIG. 4, WTRU 102c may determine that WTRU 102a in the serving Cell #1 is the dominant aggressor WTRU.
  • a WTRU 102 may determine the cells that the one or more dominant aggressor WTRUs are camped-on or connected to. This method may have lower latency and overhead compared WTRU-to-WTRU CLI measurement per aggressor WTRU. In fact, a WTRU-to-WTRU CLI measurement can be performed after this step per aggressor WTRU to detect the specific aggressor WTRUs with the dominant CLI.
  • a TRP switch (e.g., from single TRP to Multi- TRP) may be used as a trigger.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine to trigger measuring and/or reporting SINR and/or CLI based on UL muting occasions, such as in cases where the WTRU 102 determines to switch from a single TRP configuration to a multi-TRP configuration. That is, the WTRU 102 that is capable of multi-TRP operation and that is operating in single-TRP mode may determine to switch to multi-TRP operation.
  • the WTRU 102 may trigger measuring of SINR and/or CLLRSSI based on UL muting resources, so that the WTRU 102 could measure, determine and/or detect the CLI-RSSI, SINR, and/or received interference signal strength from the other TRP(s).
  • a mobility event may be used as a trigger.
  • a WTRU 102 with mobility may trigger measuring and reporting SINR and/or CLI based on UL muting occasions, such as in cases where the WTRU 102 determines to perform a L1/L2 triggered mobility (LTM) handover procedure.
  • LTM L1/L2 triggered mobility
  • the WTRU 102 may determine, measure, or detect potential interference from potential aggressor WTRUs in the target cell before HO, by measuring the interference signal strength from neighbor non-serving cells in one or more of the UL muting occasions.
  • group-common signaling may be used.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive one or more indications, commands, and/or configuration information to indicate one or more UL muting occasions and to indicate the WTRUs to perform interference measurements and/or report the measurements.
  • the WTRU 102 mayreceive the indication via (e.g., one or more) group-common signaling.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive the signaling based on group-common DCI signaling.
  • the group-common DCI may include configuration information on and/or associated with one or more UL muting occasions in addition to one or more CSI-IM resources to measure CLI, SINR, and/or interference signal strength.
  • the group-common DCI may include one or more lists of WTRUs that indicate which WTRUs are to perform measurements during configured CSI-IM resources and/or UL muting occasions.
  • the list of WTRUs may be indicated based on a block structure where a configured number of bits is allocated to each WTRU 102 (e.g., 1 -bit or 2 bits) indicating where the WTRUs should measure CLI, SINR, and/or interference signal strength in the configured UL muting occasions.
  • a WTRU 102 may determine or be configured and/or indicated to measure the CLI, SINR, and/or interference signal strength based on one or more of the configured CSI-IM resources on one or more UL muting occasions, such as where the UL muting occasions may overlap with the frequency resources of one or more scheduled and/or configured UL signals and/or channels transmissions at the UE.
  • a WTRU 102 that is configured and/or scheduled to transmit one or more UL signals and/or channels may receive one or more indications on one or more UL muting occasions and CLI measurement occasions that may overlap with the frequency resources of the scheduled and/or configured UL signals and/or channels transmissions.
  • a WTRU 102 may perform one or more of the following. For example, a WTRU 102 may determine to not transmit the (e.g., entire) determined, configured, and/or scheduled UL channel and/or signal transmission instance. That is, the WTRU 102 may drop the entire UL transmission instance. The WTRU 102 may measure the CLI, SINR, and/or interference signal strength based on one or more of the configured CSI-IM resources for the one or more UL muting occasions.
  • a WTRU 102 may be a WTRU-SBFD-capable and/or full-duplex capable UE, and the WTRU 102 may not drop the (e.g., entire) UL transmission instance.
  • the WTRU 102 may apply rate-matching for the configured frequency resources with UL muting and transmit the scheduled and/or configured UL transmission on frequency resources that are not configured as UL muting occasions.
  • the WTRU 102 may also perform CLI, SINR, and/or interference signal strength measurement on the configured and/or indicated CSI-IM resources based on the configured UL muting occasions.
  • a WTRU 102 may measure the interference signal strength based on the configured and/or indicated CSI-IM resources that coincide with the configured UL muting occasions, where the WTRU 102 may use the measured interference signal strength to calculate the SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may report the calculated SINR and/or measured CLI-RSSI based on configured report configurations.
  • the WTRU 102 may use one or more report configurations that are associated with the indicated and/or configured CSI-IM resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may use one or more report configurations that are indicated via DCI (e g., WTRU-specific DCI reception).
  • the report configurations may include the time and frequency resources and/or periodicity to send CS1 reporting.
  • a WTRU 102 may determine one or more aggressor WTRU(s) which are in one or more neighbor non-serving cells based on measurements, and report the associated cell ID(s) and the measurements to the NW. In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) request handover to one of the cells.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure SINR based on CSI- IM resources with and without UL muting, as described in additional detail herein.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure CLI higher and/or SINR lower than the corresponding thresholds in UL- muted resources, and the WTRU 102 may determine that one or more of the dominant aggressor WTRUs are not in the serving cell (e.g., are camped on one or more neighbor cells).
  • the WTRU 102 may (e.g., request and) receive information on and/or associated with one or more UL muting resources in one or more neighbor cells.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure SINR for the neighbor non-serving cells based on the respective UL muting resources to identify the dominant interfering cells where the dominant aggressor WTRUs are camped on. For example, there may be gNB-to-gNB coordination to exchange at least semi-static configurations on UL muting resources in neighbor cells.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure the RSRP of the identified dominant interfering cells (e.g., which correspond to the identified dominant aggressor WTRUs).
  • the WTRU 102 may report information associated with the identified dominant interfering cells (e.g., based on PCI, cell ID, or other cell identifying information). For example, the WTRU 102 may (e.g.. also) report the measured RSRP and SINR of the dominant aggressor WTRUs for any (e.g., each) reported dominant interfering cells.
  • information associated with the identified dominant interfering cells e.g., based on PCI, cell ID, or other cell identifying information.
  • the WTRU 102 may (e.g.. also) report the measured RSRP and SINR of the dominant aggressor WTRUs for any (e.g., each) reported dominant interfering cells.
  • the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) send a HO request to the gNB to be switched to the cell with a (e.g., most) dominant aggressor WTRU, such as where the measured RSRP of the corresponding cell is higher than a threshold.
  • a dominant aggressor WTRU may be beneficial in that CLI mitigation may be more manageable if both victim and aggressor WTRUs are in the same cell (e.g., according to complexity, latency, overhead).
  • the gNB may perform a LTM handover procedure.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine that the measured RSRP for the identified dominant interfering cells are lower than a threshold. For example, the WTRU 102 may indicate to the gNB that a HO is not possible to these cells, and that the WTRU 102 is staying (e.g., or should stay or prefers to stay) in the serving cell, such as part of a CSI report. For example, the WTRU 102 may report the measured SINR from any (e.g., each) of the dominant aggressor WTRUs and the corresponding neighbor cells’ ID and measured RSRP to the gNB. In certain representative embodiments, the gNB may perform CLI mitigation via coordination with the reported neighbor cell.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more second CSI-IM time and frequency resources, where the second CSI-IM resources do not coincide with UL muting occasions (e.g., there is no UL muting taking place in the same time instances as the configured and/or indicated second CSI-IM resources).
  • the WTRU 102 may measure a first CLI and/or SINR and a second CLI and/or SINR based on the first and second CSI-IM time and frequency resources, respectively.
  • a WTRU 102 may determine that a dominant aggressor WTRU is not connected or camped on the UE’s serving cell, such as where both the first and the second measured CLIs are higher than a corresponding threshold. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that the interference from the aggressor WTRUs may impact the CLI measurement even in UL muting occasions and when there is no UL transmission configured and/or scheduled in the serving cell. The WTRU 102 may determine that the interference originates from a source that is not connected and/or camped on the serving cell. In other words, the WTRU 102 may determine that the dominant aggressor WTRUs are connected or camped on one or more neighbor non-serving cells.
  • a WTRU 102 may send a request to receive configuration information on and/or associated with UL muting occasions from one or more of the neighbor non-serving cells.
  • the WTRU 102 may send the request to a gNB.
  • the WTRU 102 may (e g., implicitly) indicate the request by reporting the first and second measured CLI values.
  • the WTRU 102 may (e.g.. implicitly) indicate the request by sending a first and a second indication in the corresponding CSI reports that both the first and second measure CLI values are higher than the corresponding threshold, respectively.
  • the WTRU 102 may send the request as part of the CSI report, such as via a configured flag indication. That is, if the WTRU 102 sends the configured flag indication, this implies that the WTRU 102 requests to receive configurations on the UL muting occasions of the neighbor non-serving cells.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive one or more configurations (e.g., configuration information) on the UL muting occasions from one or more neighbor non-serving cells.
  • the configuration information may include the time and/or frequency resources, repetition, periodicity, neighbor cells’ ID, and/or neighbor cells’ PCI and the like.
  • there may (e.g., should) be gNB-to-gNB coordination to exchange at least semi-static configurations on one or more of the UL muting time and/or frequency resources w ith the neighbor cells.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive one or more indications on the CSI-IM time and/or frequency resources to measure the interference signal strength at the configured time and frequency resources that coincide in time with one or more of the UL muting occasions.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure CLI and/or interference signal strength.
  • the WTRU 102 may calculate the SINR based on the measured interference signal strength for the neighbor non-serving cells.
  • a WTRU 102 may determine one or more neighbor non-serving cells, where the dominant aggressor WTRUs are connected to or camped on.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure and/or calculate the SINR based on the measured CLI and/or interference signal strength based on at least one of the UL muting occasions that correspond to at least one of the neighbor cells.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine that at least one of the dominant aggressor WTRUs is connected or camped on the corresponding neighbor cell.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure CLI, CLI-RSSI, and/or interference signal strength based on at least one of the UL muting occasions that correspond to at least one of the neighbor cells. In case the WTRU 102 determines that the measured CLI, CLI-RSSI, and/or interference signal strength is higher than a corresponding cell, the WTRU 102 may determine that at least one of the dominant aggressor WTRUs is connected or camped on the corresponding neighbor cell.
  • a WTRU 102 may identify one or more interfering neighbor cells that have one or more dominant aggressor WTRUs connected to or camped on, such as where the WTRU 102 may measure RSRP from the corresponding interfering neighbor cells. In an example, the WTRU 102 may measure the RSRP based on one or more received and/or detected SSBs from the corresponding interfering neighbor cells. The WTRU 102 may report the identified dominant interfering cells. For example, the WTRU 102 may report the identified dominant interfering cells in addition to the measured RSRP, CLI, interference signal strength, and/or SINR. For example, the WTRU 102 may report the interfering cells’ PCI, cell ID, and/or similar cell identification information.
  • the measured RSRP of at least one of the interfering cells may be higher than a corresponding threshold.
  • the WTRU 102 may optionally send a handover (HO) request (e.g., to the gNB, such as part of or indicated in the CSI report) to be switched to the interfering cell, such as where the (e.g., most) dominant aggressor WTRU is camped on or connected to.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine the interfering cell with a (e.g., the most) dominant aggressor WTRU based on the measured CLI corresponding to all interfering cells.
  • the benefit of the HO to the cell with the dominant aggressor WTRU is that CLI mitigation may be more manageable if both victim and aggressor WTRUs are in the same cell (e.g., according to complexity, latency, overhead, etc.).
  • the gNB may perform a LTM handover procedure for the UE.
  • the measured RSRP of none of the interfering cells may be higher than the corresponding threshold.
  • the WTRU 102 may (e g., optionally) send an indication (e g., to the gNB, e.g., as part of CSI report) that a HO is not possible or preferred, and that the WTRU 102 is staying in the serving cell.
  • the gNB may perform CLI mitigation via coordination with the indicated interfering neighbor cell.
  • a WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more configurations (e.g., configuration information) on the preference of the NW and/or the preference of the serving cell.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive the configurations on the preferences via SIB, RRC. MAC-CE, and/or DCI and the like.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive the configurations on the preferences based on cell-common and/or group-common configurations and/or indications.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with the NW's preference to stay in the serving cell in case an interfering neighbor cell is detected by the UE. This preference may be, for example, due to the serving cell’s good coordination with the neighbor cells, the serving cell’s capability 7 to handle the complexity, and/or due to the neighbor cell’s heavy traffic, etc.
  • the WTRU 102 may report the measured SINR, CLI, RSRP, and the cell ID of the dominant interfering neighbor cells to the gNB.
  • the gNB may performs CLI mitigation via coordination with the indicated interfering neighbor cells.
  • a WTRU 102 may perform SINR measurements and CLI measurements.
  • the aggressor WTRUs and/or the number of resources to be considered in measuring the SINR may be configured dynamically.
  • the gNB may use the received SINR measurements for dynamic link adaptation, selecting the best MCS, and/or scheduling.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information indicating on one or more time and/or frequency resources, reference signals, measurement quantities, and/or report configurations which may be associated with measuring SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more first RSRP measurement resources (e.g., NZP resource(s) in a DL SB) for channel measurement.
  • the first RSRP measurement resource (e.g.. measurement) may be associated with a numerator part of the SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more first RS SI measurement resources (e.g., ZP or CSI-IM resources in a DL SB) for interference measurement
  • the first RSSI measurement resources (e.g., measurement) may be associated with a denominator part of the SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine the SINR based on (e.g., measurement of) the first RSRP measurement resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources (e.g., second resources maybe based on NZP CSI-IM resources) in a DL SB to measure one or more RSs (e.g., SRS-RSRP) such as from one or more potential aggressor WTRUs (e.g., transmitted in UL SBs).
  • RSRP RSRP measurement resources
  • SRS-RSRP potential aggressor WTRUs
  • the second set of RSRP measurement resources may be different (e.g., in time and/or frequency domain) from the first RSSI measurement resources.
  • the second RSRP measurement resources may be used for inter-WTRU CLI measurement and/or the first RSSI measurement resources may be used for measuring other sources of interference (e.g., inter-beam, inter-layer interferences, etc.).
  • the WTRU 102 may receive a (e.g.. dynamic) indication and/or configuration (e.g., via DCI. MAC-CE) on the aggressor WTRUs (e.g., via indicators such as SRIs, where each indicator or SRI indicates or is associated with a second set of RSRP resources) to be measured and/or the number of measured resources to be considered in calculating the SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE) on which of the one or more second sets of RSRP resources to be measured (e.g., SRI1, SRI3, SRI4, etc.).
  • the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE) on how many of the strongest measured second RSRPs are to be used for calculating the SINR (e.g., top 2, top 4, etc. strongest (highest SRS-RSRP or most dominant/worst) aggressor WTRUs, or the ones causing the least 2, least 4, etc. weakest measured SINRs).
  • configuration information e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE
  • the SINR e.g., top 2, top 4, etc. strongest (highest SRS-RSRP or most dominant/worst) aggressor WTRUs, or the ones causing the least 2, least 4, etc. weakest measured SINRs.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure one or more SRS (e.g., from the aggressor WTRUs) in the indicated one or more second sets of RSRP resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine one or more second measured RSRP values based on the measurements.
  • the WTRU 102 may select a subset of the measurements for use in the SINR calculation (e.g., in the denominator) based on the received configuration or indication.
  • the WTRU 102 may derive the denominator part of the SINR based on both the first measured RSSI and the second measured RSRP values (e.g., the selected subset of the second measured RSRP values).
  • the WTRU 102 may use a function to derive a modified or biased version of the measured second RSRPs.
  • the function may be based on addition and/or weighting of the measured values.
  • the function may be pre-defined, pre-configured, and/or determined based on the parameters.
  • the WTRU 102 may add the modified or biased version of the measured second RSRP to the first measured RSSI into the denominator part of the SINR.
  • the function may be represented as: RSSI + Weightl*RSRPl + Weight2*RSRP2 + Weight 3*RSRP3.
  • the WTRU 102 may calculate or determine an SINR value as an SINR numerator (e.g., RSRP based on one or more measurements of the first RSRP resources) divided by an SINR denominator (e.g., calculated above based on the first measured RSSI and the second measured RSRP values).
  • an SINR numerator e.g., RSRP based on one or more measurements of the first RSRP resources
  • SINR denominator e.g., calculated above based on the first measured RSSI and the second measured RSRP values
  • the WTRU 102 may report the calculated/determined SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) report the measured second RSRP along with the calculated SINR in addition to the corresponding SRIs that were used to calculate the reported SINR.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and/or associated with one or more time and/or frequency resources, reference signals, measurement quantities, report configurations, and/or other information for measuring SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive the SINR configurations for beam reporting, CSI reporting, and/or CLI (e.g., measurement and) reporting.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive configuration indicating one or more first RSRP measurement resource(s).
  • the first RSRP measurement resources may be based on NZP CSI-RS resource(s).
  • the first RSRP measurement resources may be allocated in one or more DL subbands in one or more SBFD time instances (e.g., slots or symbols).
  • the WTRU 102 may use the configured first RSRP measurement resources for channel measurement. In another example, the WTRU 102 may use the channel measurement values based on the configured first RSRP measurement resources for calculating the numerator part of the SINR calculations. [0342] In an example, the WTRU 102 may receive configuration indicating one or more first RSSI measurement resources. For example, the configured first RSSI measurement resources may be based on ZP CSI -RS resources and/or CSI-IM resources. In an example, the configured first RSSI measurement resources may be allocated in one or more DL subbands of one or more SBFD time instances. In an example, the WTRU 102 may use the configured first RSSI measurement resources for interference measurement. In another example, the WTRU 102 may use the measured interference values based on the configured first RSSI measurement resources for calculating the denominator part of the SINR calculations.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine and/or calculate the SINR. For example, the WTRU 102 may calculate the SINR based on the first measured RSRP and the first measured RSSI. For example, the WTRU 102 may calculate the SINR based on the first measured RSRP divided by the first measured RSSI, which may be a default reporting behavior for the SINR reporting.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information indicating one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources.
  • the second configured RSRP measurement resources may be based on NZP CSI-IM resources.
  • the second configured RSRP measurement resources may be allocated in one or more DL subbands of one or more SBFD time instances (e.g., slots or symbols).
  • the WTRU 102 may use the second configured RSRP measurement resources to measure one or more RSs (e.g., SRS-RSRP. such as from one or more potential aggressor WTRUs).
  • the WTRU 102 may determine that the measured RSs via the second configured RSRP measurement resources may be transmitted in one or more UL subbands in one or more SBFD time instances.
  • the second (e.g., set of) RSRP measurement resource(s) may be different (e.g., in time and/or frequency) from the first RSSI measurement resource(s).
  • the second RSRP measurement resource(s) may be for inter- WTRU CLI measurement
  • the first RSSI measurement resource(s) may be for measuring other sources of interference (e.g., inter-beam, inter-layer, inter-cell, and/or inter-TRP interferences, etc.).
  • a RSRP measurement resource(s) may be associated with a CLI RS index or indicator.
  • the one or more second set of RSRP measurement resource(s) may include or be associated with a CLI RS index or indicator, such as CLI-SRI&3, CLI-SRI&7, CLI-SRI#11, CLI-SRI#19, and CLLSRI#25.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and/or associated with the CLI-SRI#n from a respective serving gNB.
  • the configuration information on and/or associated with the CLI-SRI#n may be provided from other gNBs from one or more non-serving cells, such as via backhaul communication link (e.g., inter-gNB coordination).
  • the other gNB from one or more non-serving cells may configure or schedule a WTRU 102 (e.g., potential aggressor WTRU) to transmit the CLI-SRI#n .
  • WTRU 102 e.g., potential aggressor WTRU
  • RS index or indicator examples other than CLI-SRI#n may be applicable, such as CLI-ULRS#m, CLI-UL_index#d, and so forth, and may be defined and used to represent an UL RS or resource that is transmitted by other WTRUs (e.g., potential aggressor WTRU).
  • a WTRU 102 may receive a dynamic indication and/or configuration (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE) on one or more of aggressor-indicators (e.g., any of CLI-SRI#n, CEI-ULRS#m, CLI-UL_index#d, etc.), where each aggressor-indicator may be associated with a second set of RSRP resource(s) to be measured and the number of measured resources to be considered in calculating the SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure one or more SRS (from the aggressor WTRUs) in the indicated one or more second sets of RSRP resources and determines one or more second measured RSRP values based on the measurements.
  • the WTRU 102 may select a subset of the measurements for use in the SINR calculation (e.g., in the denominator) based on the received configuration or indication.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive a configuration or indication (e.g., dynamically, such as via DCI and/or MAC-CE) on which (e.g., subset) of the one or more second sets of RSRP resources are to be (e.g., selectively) measured (e.g., CLI-SRI#3, CEI-SRI#19, and CLI-SRI#25, among the configured CLI-SRI#3, CEI-SRI#7, CLI-SRI#11, CLI-SRI#19, and CEI-SRI#25) and used for derivation of the SINR.
  • a configuration or indication e.g., dynamically, such as via DCI and/or MAC-CE
  • a WTRU 102 may receive a configuration or indication (e.g., dynamically, such as via DCI and/or MAC-CE) on how many of the one or more second sets of RSRP resources are to be (e.g., selectively) measured (e.g., top two, or top four, or least three, or least four CLI- SRI#n, among the configured CLI-SRI#3, CLI-SRI#7, CLI-SRI#11, CLI-SRI#19, and CLI- SRI#25) and used for derivation of the SINR.
  • a configuration or indication e.g., dynamically, such as via DCI and/or MAC-CE
  • the least three CLI-SRI#n among the configured CLI-SRIs may imply that the WTRU 102 is configured to determine the weakest (or lowest) three SRS-RSRP values each associated with a CLI-SRI#n.
  • this may provide benefits in that the WTRU 102 may add the lowest one or more SRS-RSRP values into the denominator part of the SINR, and report the SINR to the gNB, where the gNB may determine a MCS level for subsequent DL scheduling based on the reported SINR.
  • the reported SINR may represent a practical interference condition for the WTRU 102 considering other UE’s transmitted signals affecting the UE’s DL reception performance.
  • a WTRU 102 may derive the denominator part of the SINR based on both the first measured RSSI and the second measured RSRP values (e.g., the selected subset of the second measured RSRP values).
  • the WTRU 102 may use a function to derive a modified or biased version of the measured second RSRPs.
  • the function may include the use of addition.
  • the function may be based on weighting.
  • the function may be pre-defined, preconfigured. or determined based on the parameters.
  • the WTRU 102 may add the modified or biased version of the measured second RSRP to the first measured RSSI into the denominator part of the SINR.
  • the function may be: RSSI + Weightl*(SRS-RSRP#l l) + Weight2*(SRS- RSRP25).
  • the function may be: RSSI + Weightl*(SRS-RSRP#3) + Weight2*(SRS-RSRP7) + Weight3*(SRS-RSRP19).
  • the WTRU 102 may determine (or calculate) an SINR value as an SINR numerator (e.g., RSRP based on one or more measurements of the first RSRP resources) divided by an SINR denominator (e.g., as calculated above).
  • an SINR numerator e.g., RSRP based on one or more measurements of the first RSRP resources
  • SINR denominator e.g., as calculated above
  • a WTRU 102 may (e.g., be configured to) report the calculated (or determined) SINR.
  • the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) report the measured second RSRP (e.g., the SRS-RSRP value itself) along with the calculated SINR in addition to the corresponding SRIs (e.g., CLI-SRI#n) that were used to calculate the reported SINR.
  • This may provide benefits for the gNB to consider actual amount of measured SRS-RSRP for each aggressor WTRU#n (e.g.. represented by a CLI-SRI#n).
  • a WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a set of CSI-IM time and/or frequency resources associated with one or more DL frequency bands (e.g., subbands of an SBFD configuration) at 502.
  • the WTRU may receive DCI associated with a group of WTRUs at 504.
  • the DCI may include information indicating an UL muting occasion associated with a set of UL time and/or frequency resources.
  • the WTRU may measure interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and/or frequency resources associated with the indicated UL muting occasion based on one or more conditions being satisfied at 506.
  • the WTRU may report information indicating a SINR and/or a CLLRSSI based on the measured interference signal strength at 508.
  • FIG. 6 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of neighbor cells using UL muting.
  • a WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a set of CSI-IM time and/or frequency resources associated with one or more subbands (e.g., of an SBFD configuration) at 602.
  • the WTRU may receive information indicating uplink (UL) muting occasions in a first cell at 604.
  • the WTRU may measure a first interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and/or frequency resources based on the indicated UL muting occasions at 606.
  • the WTRU may send information indicating a request for configuration information of a set of UL time and/or frequency resources associated with UL muting occasions in a second cell based on the measured first interference signal strength being more than a threshold at 608.
  • the WTRU may receive configuration information of the set of UL time and/or frequency resources associated with UL muting occasions in the second cell at 610.
  • the WTRU may measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) and/or a second interference signal strength using the set of UL time and/or frequency resources at 612.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • the WTRU may report information indicating an identifier of the second cell and the measured RSRP and/or the second interference signal strength at 614.
  • FIG. 7 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of SINR.
  • a WTRU may receive configuration information indicating (i) a first set of reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement resources associated with one or more downlink (DL) subbands (e.g.. of a SBFD configuration), (ii) a first set of reference signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement resources associated with one or more DL subbands, and/or (iii) one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL subbands at 702.
  • the WTRU may receive information indicating one or more reference signal (RS) indices associated with the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources at 704.
  • RS reference signal
  • the WTRU may measure a first RSRP using the first set of RSRP measurement resources at 706.
  • the WTRU may measure a first RSSI using the first set of RSSI measurement resources at 708.
  • the WTRU may measure one or more second RSRPs using the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with the one or more RS indices at 710.
  • the WTRU may determine a signal -to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) based on the first RSRP (e.g., as the numerator for the SINR), the first RSSI (e.g., as part of the denominator for the SINR), and at least one of the second RSRPs (e.g., as part of the denominator for the SINR) at 712.
  • the WTRU may report information indicating the determined SINR at 714.
  • FIG. 8 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of a SINR associated with CLI, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information indicating (i) a first set of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL sub-bands, (ii) a first set of RSSI measurement resources associated with one or more DL sub-bands, and (iii) one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL sub-bands at 802.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating one or more reference signal (RS) indices associated with the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a quantity of RSRPs.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive a dynamic indication (e.g., via DO) of the quantity of RSRPs (e.g., to be used to calculate SINR).
  • the WTRU 102 may measure a first RSRP using the first set of RSRP measurement resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure a first RSSI using the first set of RSSI measurement resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure one or more second RSRPs using the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with the one or more RS indices.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine a SINR measurement using (i) a numerator based on the first RSRP and (ii) a denominator based on the first RSSI and the indicated uantity of the one or more second RSRPs. For example, various examples to determine the SINR are described herein.
  • the WTRU 102 may report information (e.g., send a report) indicating the SINR measurement.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine the denominator for the SINR measurement using the first RSSI and a function of the at least one of the second RSRPs.
  • the first set of RSRP measurement resources may include non-zero power resources.
  • the first set of RSSI measurement resources may include zero power and/or CSI-IM resources.
  • the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources may include non-zero power and/or CSI-IM resources.
  • the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources may be (e.g., entirely) different than the first set of RSSI measurement resources.
  • the one or more RS indices may include one or more SRIs.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating the quantity (e.g., number) of the (e.g., second) RSRPs as a dynamic indication.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine the denominator using the first RSSI and the indicated quantity (e.g., one, two, three, four, etc.) of the measured second RSRPs.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a strongest or a weakest of the at least one of the second RSRPs.
  • the WTRU may determine the denominator using the first RSSI and the strongest (e.g., strongest two, three, four, etc.) or the weakest (e.g., weakest two, three, four, etc.) of the at least one of the second RSRPs.
  • the WTRU 102 may report information indicating the at least one of the second RSRPs and the RS indices associated therewith.
  • the information indicating the one or more RS indices may be received via DCI and/or a MAC CE.
  • FIG. 9 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of a SINR associated with CLI, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information indicating (i) a first set of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL sub-bands, (ii) a first set of RSSI measurement resources associated with one or more DL sub-bands, and (iii) one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL sub-bands at 902.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine a SINR measurement using (i) a numerator based on a first RSRP measured using the first set of RSRP measurement resources and (ii) a denominator based on a first RSSI measured using the first set of RSSI measurement resources and one or more second RSRPs measured using the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources. For example, various examples to determine the SINR are described herein.
  • the WTRU 102 may report information indicating the SINR measurement.
  • FIG. 10 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for configuring and receiving reporting of a SINR associated with CLI, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a base station e.g., gNB or TRP
  • the base station may receive (e.g., a report from the WTRU 102) information indicating a SINR measurement.
  • the SINR measurement may be representative of a (i) a numerator based on a first RSRP measured using the first set of RSRP measurement resources and (ii) a denominator based on a first RSSI measured using the first set of RSSI measurement resources and one or more second RSRPs measured using the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information indicating (i) a first set of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL subbands, (ii) a first set of RSSI measurement resources associated with one or more DL subbands, and (iii) one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL subbands.
  • the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating one or more RS indices associated with the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure a first RSRP using the first set of RSRP measurement resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure a first RSSI using the first set of RSSI measurement resources.
  • the WTRU 102 may measure one or more second RSRPs using the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with the one or more RS indices.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine a SINR (e.g., value or range) based on the first RSRP, the first RSSI, and at least one of the second RSRPs.
  • the WTRU 102 may report information indicating the determined SINR.
  • the first set of RSRP measurement resources may be non-zero power resources.
  • the first set of RSSI measurement resources may be zero power and/or CSI-IM resources.
  • the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources may be non-zero power CSI-IM resources.
  • the one or more RS indices may include one or more SRIs.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine a numerator for the SINR using the first RSRP.
  • the WTRU 102 may determine a denominator for the SINR using a function of the first RSSI and the at least one of the second RSRPs.
  • the WTRU 102 may report information indicating the at least one of the second RSRPs and the RS indices associated therewith.
  • One or more embodiments provide a computer program comprising instructions which when executed by one or more processors cause such processors to perform the encoding and/or decoding methods according to any of the embodiments described above.
  • One or more embodiments also provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions for encoding or decoding video data according to the methods described above.
  • One or more embodiments provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon video data generated according to the methods described above.
  • One or more embodiments also provide a method and apparatus for transmitting or receiving video data generated according to the methods described above.
  • inventions described herein may be implemented in, for example, a method or a process, an apparatus, a software program, a data stream, or a signal. Even if only discussed in the context of a single form of implementation (e.g.. as a method), the implementation of such features may also be implemented in other forms.
  • An apparatus may be implemented in, for example, appropriate hardware, software, and firmware.
  • Corresponding methods may be implemented in, for example, a processor.
  • Determining information may include one or more of, for example, estimating, calculating, predicting, or retrieving (e.g., from memory) the information.
  • Accessing information may include one or more of, for example, receiving, retrieving (e.g.. from memory), storing, moving, copying, calculating, determining, predicting, or estimating the information.
  • the present disclosure may refer to “receiving” various pieces of information.
  • Receiving information may include one or more of, for example, accessing or retrieving (e.g., from memory ) the information.

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Abstract

Une unité d'émission et de réception sans fil (WTRU) peut recevoir des informations de configuration indiquant (i) un premier ensemble de ressources de mesure de RSRP, (ii) un premier ensemble de ressources de mesure de RSSI, et (iii) un ou plusieurs seconds ensembles de ressources de mesure de RSRP. La WTRU peut recevoir des informations indiquant un ou plusieurs indices de RS associés au ou aux seconds ensembles de ressources de mesure de RSRP. La WTRU peut recevoir des informations indiquant une quantité de RSRP. La WTRU peut déterminer une mesure de SINR à l'aide (i) d'un numérateur sur la base d'une première RSRP mesurée à l'aide du premier ensemble de ressources de mesure de RSRP et (ii) d'un dénominateur sur la base d'un premier RSSI mesuré à l'aide du premier ensemble de ressources de mesure de RSSI et de la quantité indiquée de second RSRP mesurés à l'aide du ou des seconds ensembles de ressources de mesure de RSRP associés au ou aux indices de RS. La WTRU peut rapporter des informations indiquant la mesure de SINR.
PCT/US2024/048584 2023-09-28 2024-09-26 Procédés, architectures, appareils et systèmes pour des mesures de rapport signal sur interférences plus bruit (sinr) et d'interférences inter-couche (cli) dans des communications à duplex integral sans chevauchement de sous-bande (sbfd) et de duplexage par répartition dans le temps (tdd) dynamique Pending WO2025072463A1 (fr)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3843486A1 (fr) * 2018-10-17 2021-06-30 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Procédé de transmission de données et dispositif terminal
US20220353767A1 (en) * 2020-01-17 2022-11-03 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Communication Method and Apparatus

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3843486A1 (fr) * 2018-10-17 2021-06-30 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Procédé de transmission de données et dispositif terminal
US20220353767A1 (en) * 2020-01-17 2022-11-03 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Communication Method and Apparatus

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