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WO2025072361A1 - Techniques d'estimation et d'égalisation de canal pour coexistence avec des brouilleurs pulsés à haute puissance - Google Patents

Techniques d'estimation et d'égalisation de canal pour coexistence avec des brouilleurs pulsés à haute puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025072361A1
WO2025072361A1 PCT/US2024/048450 US2024048450W WO2025072361A1 WO 2025072361 A1 WO2025072361 A1 WO 2025072361A1 US 2024048450 W US2024048450 W US 2024048450W WO 2025072361 A1 WO2025072361 A1 WO 2025072361A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dmrs
symbol
wtru
time slot
shift
Prior art date
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PCT/US2024/048450
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English (en)
Inventor
Joshua Ranstrom
Sudhir Pattar
Philip Pietraski
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InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc
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InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc
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Publication of WO2025072361A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025072361A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0078—Timing of allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signalling for the administration of the divided path, e.g. signalling of configuration information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
    • H04L1/1671—Details of the supervisory signal the supervisory signal being transmitted together with control information

Definitions

  • each wireless transmit/receive unit is allocated or granted a subset of available radios resources.
  • the radio resources are described as the portion of the time-frequency grid on which the grant or allocation is assigned.
  • These time-frequency resources that compose a grant or allocation may be defined, for example, as resource elements (REs) or resource blocks (RBs) and might not be contiguous.
  • Pilot signals e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DM RS)
  • DM RS demodulation reference signal
  • the spatial channel has a matrix representation at each RE with dimension N rx x W layer where N rx is the number of Rx streams and /V layer is the number of layers, with nearly orthogonal DMRS per layer.
  • the number of Rx stream is at most the number of Rx antennas but will be smaller if analog beamforming is used and may be smaller still if digital beamforming is also applied.
  • the DMRS are typically separated from the data REs in the time-frequency grid and typically sparse. Since the DMRS is sparse and allocations are typically larger than the coherence time and/or larger than the coherence bandwidth (BW) of the propagation channel, the spatial channel matrix, H, needs to be estimated at each data RE.
  • PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
  • PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • AoA angle of arrival
  • the interference characteristics such as pulse location, carrier frequency, bandwidth and power spectral density (PSD), are determined either by external sensors, or estimated by a WTRU and/or a base station (e.g., g o eB (gNB)) themselves.
  • the methods may include alterations to the 5G framework for specific or additional information transfer and resource allocation.
  • shifting of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols within a slot is introduced to ensure interference-free reference symbols are available.
  • a method implemented by a wireless transmit/receive unit is disclosed.
  • the method may include determining a time slot of a plurality of time slots for receiving a demodulation reference signal (DM RS) symbol of a data transmission.
  • the method may also include receiving shift information for the DMRS symbol of the data transmission.
  • the shift information may indicate a shift in the location of the DMRS symbol in the time slots.
  • the method may include determining a shifted time slot for receiving the DMRS symbol based on the shift information.
  • the method may include receiving the DMRS symbol of the data transmission in the shifted time slot
  • a method for wireless communication may include determining a time slot of a plurality of time slots for transmitting a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) symbol for a data transmission.
  • the method may also include determining a shifted time slot for transmitting the DMRS based on detecting interference in the time slot. Further, the method may include transmitting the DMRS symbol of the data transmission in the shifted time slot.
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented
  • FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment;
  • WTRU wireless transmit/receive unit
  • FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment;
  • RAN radio access network
  • CN core network
  • FIG. 1D is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 illustrates sparse DMRS (pilots) within a time-frequency allocation
  • FIG. 3 illustrates shifting a single symbol (backwards or forwards) to ensure that pulse interference does not occur with the DMRS;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of possible pulse locations for a WTRU when a gNB located interference pulse occurs in a symbol
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a DMRS shift within a single slot implemented by swapping the DMRS symbol with neighboring PxSCH symbols
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a shifting mode selection during contention-based uplink synchronization using physical random access channel (PRACH);
  • FIG. 7 illustrates possible DMRS shift locations for blind identification assuming DMRS mapping Type A with one additional DMRS symbol;
  • FIG.8 illustrates a block diagram of correlation-based blind identification of DMRS symbol shifts
  • FIG. 9 illustrates DMRS shifting driven by a gNB
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a time distributed DMRS allocation using two consecutive OFDM symbols
  • FIG. 11 illustrates time division (TD) DMRS allocation for different configuration types (1 or 2) and single or double symbol;
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a WTRU and a gNB interaction when the WTRU first detects an interferer and requests the gNB to activate TD-DMRS;
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a block diagram of pulse interference free noise power estimate
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an implementation of noise power estimate adjustment function based on corrupted and non-corrupted noise power estimates
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a modified equalization using radar AoA information from multiple sources
  • FIG.16 illustrates a process of AoA information being transferred from a gNB to a WTRU for use in equalization
  • FIG. 17 illustrates an AoA measurement bitstream with altitude angle, azimuth angle, and distance
  • FIG. 18 illustrates and example of channel estimation with corrupted DMRS
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram of a method, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates a block diagram of a method, according to another exemplary embodiment.
  • PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
  • PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
  • the methods involve avoidance of radar by means of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) shifting or time distributed allocation, deemphasizing or exclusion of interference corrupted symbols in the respective estimation processes as well as use of AoA in equalization.
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • the interference characteristics such as pulse location, carrier frequency, bandwidth and power spectral density (PSD), are determined either by external sensors, or estimated by a WTRU and/or a gNB themselves.
  • the methods may include alterations to the 5G framework for specific or additional information transfer and resource allocation.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented.
  • the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users.
  • the communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth.
  • the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), singlecarrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word discrete Fourier transform Spread OFDM (ZT-UW-DFT-S- OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal FDMA
  • SC-FDMA singlecarrier FDMA
  • ZT-UW-DFT-S- OFDM zero-tail unique-word discrete Fourier transform Spread OFDM
  • UW-OFDM unique word OFDM
  • FBMC filter bank multicarrier
  • the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104, a core network (ON) 106, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though itwill be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and/or network elements.
  • WTRUs wireless transmit/receive units
  • RAN radio access network
  • ON core network
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and/or communicate in a wireless environment
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and/or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and
  • UE user equipment
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • HMD head-
  • the communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and/or a base station 114b.
  • Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106, the Internet 110, and/or the other networks 112.
  • the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a NodeB, an eNode B (eNB), a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a next generation NodeB, such as a gNode B (gNB), a new radio (NR) NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and/or network elements.
  • the base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104, which may also include other base stations and/or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, and the like.
  • BSC base station controller
  • RNC radio network controller
  • the base station 114a and/or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum
  • a cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors.
  • the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors.
  • the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell.
  • the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple output
  • beamforming may be used to transmit and/or receive signals in desired spatial directions.
  • the base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.).
  • the air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).
  • RAT radio access technology
  • the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like.
  • the base station 114a in the RAN 104 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA).
  • WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and/or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+).
  • HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and/or High-Speed Uplink (UL) Packet Access (HSUPA).
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and/or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and/or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).
  • E-UTRA Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • LTE-A Pro LTE-Advanced Pro
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access , which may establish the air interface 116 using NR.
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies.
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles.
  • DC dual connectivity
  • the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and/or transmissions sent to/from multiple types of base stations (e.g , an eNB and a gNB).
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e , Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.
  • IEEE 802.11 i.e , Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)
  • IEEE 802.16 i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)
  • CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO Code Division Multiple Access 2000
  • IS-95 Interim Standard 95
  • IS-856 Interim Standard 856
  • GSM Global System for
  • the base station 114b in FIG 1A may be a wireless router, Home Node B, Home eNode B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like.
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN).
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN).
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell.
  • the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110.
  • the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106.
  • the RAN 104 may be in communication with the CN 106, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and/or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d.
  • the data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the CN 106 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and/or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication.
  • the RAN 104 and/or the CN 106 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT.
  • the CN 106 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.
  • the CN 106 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and/or the other networks 112.
  • the PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS).
  • POTS plain old telephone service
  • the Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and/or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP/IP internet protocol suite.
  • the networks 112 may include wired and/or wireless communications networks owned and/or operated by other service providers.
  • the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT.
  • Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links).
  • the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1 A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellularbased radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.
  • FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102.
  • the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit/receive element 122, a speaker/microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display/touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and/or other peripherals 138, among others.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like.
  • the processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment.
  • the processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit/receive element 122. While FIG. 1 B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and/or receive RF signals.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be an emitter/detector configured to transmit and/or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and/or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and/or receive any combination of wireless signals.
  • the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit/receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit/receive elements 122 (e g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.
  • the transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit/receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit/receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11 , for example.
  • the processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker/microphone 124, the keypad 126, and/or the display/touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit)
  • the processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker/microphone 124, the keypad 126, and/or the display/touchpad 128.
  • the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and/or the removable memory 132.
  • the non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device.
  • the removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like.
  • SIM subscriber identity module
  • SD secure digital
  • the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).
  • the processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and/or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102.
  • the power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102.
  • the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li- ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.
  • the CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks
  • the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices.
  • the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108.
  • IMS IP multimedia subsystem
  • FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment.
  • the RAN 104 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and/or a non-standalone configuration.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c).
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point.
  • eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and/or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.
  • the AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node.
  • the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, mobility management, and the like.
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b in order to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.
  • the AMF 182a, 182b may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and/or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 106 via an N11 interface.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 106 via an N4 interface.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing DL data notifications, and the like.
  • a PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like.
  • the UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.
  • the UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering DL packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.
  • the CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks
  • the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108.
  • IP gateway e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server
  • IMS IP multimedia subsystem
  • the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and/or wireless networks that are owned and/or operated by other service providers
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local DN 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.
  • one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to one or more of: WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and/or any other device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown).
  • the emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein.
  • the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and/or to simulate network and/or WTRU functions.
  • the emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and/or in an operator network environment.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and/or deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented/deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network
  • the emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and/or performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented/deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network.
  • the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and/or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and/or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components.
  • the one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and/or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and/or receive data.
  • RF circuitry e.g., which may include one or more antennas
  • each WTRU is allocated or granted a subset of available radios resources.
  • the radio resources are described as the portion of the time-frequency grid on which the grant or allocation is assigned.
  • These time-frequency resources that compose a grant or allocation may be defined, for example, as resource elements (REs) or resource blocks (RBs) and might not be contiguous.
  • Pilot signals (e.g., DMRS) are transmitted in a subset of the REs in the grant or allocation and may be used for estimation of the propagation channel including the effects of precoding.
  • the spatial channel has a matrix representation at each RE with a dimension of W rx x W layer , where W rx is the number of Rx streams and W layer is the number of layers, with nearly orthogonal DMRS per layer.
  • the number of Rx streams is at most the number of Rx antennas but will be smaller if analog beamforming is used and/or digital beamforming is applied.
  • the DMRS are typically separated from the data REs in the time-frequency grid and are typically sparse. Since the DMRS is sparse and allocations are typically larger than the coherence time and/or the coherence BW of the propagation channel, the spatial channel matrix, H, needs to be estimated at each data RE
  • the estimated H at each RE is a function of all the demodulated DMRS REs and other side information about the channel dynamics, such as an estimated time-frequency- spatial autocorrelation and noise estimates.
  • K is much smaller than the set of all DMRS in the allocation
  • neighboring REs will have nearly the same channel and thus only compute H for a subset of the data REs.
  • FIG. 2 A typical linear method to compute the weights, W, used to combine each DRMS to get the estimated H at each RE, is a 2-D Weiner estimator/interpol ator/fi Iter but there are other approaches.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates sparse DMRS (pilots) within a time-frequency allocation.
  • Solid arrows show the general solution using information from all DMRS to estimate H at each data RE (empty boxes)
  • Dashed arrows show a low complexity solution using only 2 DMRS allocated REs.
  • the estimated H is then used as part of the information needed to compute the equalizer, G, used to demodulate the data REs.
  • G used to demodulate the data REs.
  • a noise estimate may also be required for the equalization.
  • noise in this context includes interference such as other cell interference.
  • a typical linear MMSE equalizer can be written in the form of Eq. 1 : Equation 1 where a 2 / is the noise covariance and P is the signal power.
  • PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
  • PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
  • channel estimation, noise estimation, and equalization are altered to accommodate for an intermittent radar interferer.
  • the methods involve avoidance of radar by means of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) shifting or time distributed allocation, deemphasizing or exclusion of interference corrupted symbols in the respective estimation processes as well as use of AoA in equalization.
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • the interference characteristics such as pulse location, carrier frequency, bandwidth and power spectral density (PSD) are determined either by external sensors, or estimated by a WTRU and/or a gNB themselves.
  • the methods may include alterations to the 5G framework for specific or additional information transfer and resource allocation.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • the demodulated DMRS has the same average quality. For example, the noise contribution in each DMRS RE is approximately the same.
  • the noise covariance matrix needs to be updated on a per symbol basis for the REs where the pulse exists.
  • the noise is estimated using the DMRS symbol.
  • the noise power estimate may include a contribution from the pulse and may generally be too high if used for symbols that are not interfered with by the pulse, and if the pulse is not in the DMRS symbol, then the noise power estimate may not include a contribution from the pulse and may be too low if used for symbols that are interfered with by the pulse.
  • This dependency on the location of the pulse is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • An effect of the interfering source such as a RADAR being highly directional (low angular spread) is that the noise covariance matrix may no longer be diagonal As such, not considering this factor can lead to suboptimal or poor performance. Further, estimation of the Angle of Arrival (AoA) of short bursts of interference is difficult and computationally expensive, especially for WTRUs. Such knowledge of the AoA may be incorporated in a WTRU receiver.
  • AoA Angle of Arrival
  • the present methods provide shifting of DM RS symbol locations including blind identification and aided identification, time distributed DMRS, adjusting noise power estimate, equalizer adjustment for angle of arrival (AoA), and adjusting channel estimate based on pulse interference.
  • shifting DMRS symbol locations assuming the plane wave (PW) and the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of the interference is restricted so that at most, one interference pulse occurs in every other symbol (PRF ⁇ where T is the total OFDM symbol duration, including cyclic prefix (CP), a pulse within the DMRS-carrying OFDM symbol can be completely avoided by either transmitting the DMRS one symbol earlier (backwards shift) or one symbol later (forward shift) as evident by FIG. 3.
  • CP cyclic prefix
  • FIG. 3 illustrates how a single symbol shift (backwards or forwards) would ensure that pulse interference does not occur in the DMRS symbol location.
  • the transmitting gNB can within PDSCH (or a WTRU within PUSCH), simply shift the DMRS-carrying OFDM symbol by one symbol, to ensure availability of interference-free DMRS symbols for noise power estimation and channel estimation.
  • the pulse timing is only known at the gNB, the DMRS can be safely forward shifted in PDSCH if the gNB expects the interference pulse in the DMRS-carrying OFDM symbol.
  • symbol #4 the first symbol after the pulse occurrence
  • the WTRU the WTRU. This holds as long as the end of the pulse (at the gNB) occurs within symbol #3.
  • the pulse appears at the beginning of symbol #3 at the gNB it is not certain that symbol #2 will be interference free at the WTRU.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of possible pulse locations for a WTRU when a gNB located interference pulse occurs in symbol #3. Notable is that the time delay Ar is the same for both the signal and the radar pulse.
  • DMRS symbol shifting can be performed at either or both the WTRU and the gNB, but the shifts that have taken place must be known by both entities in order to correctly demodulate the data.
  • the knowledge of shifts can either be estimated or communicated between the WTRU and the gNB. Estimationbased methods are referred to as blind identification methods, while the communicated shifts are denoted as aided identification. In either case, shifts are limited to a single symbol in the forward or backwards direction. This has three main benefits including avoiding substantial changes to RE mapping, minimizing the induced processing delay, and avoiding impact to rate matching.
  • the shifting can effectively be implemented through swapping of DMRS-carrying OFDM symbols with their data-carrying neighbors as shown in FIG. 5.
  • shifting may occur independently for each symbol.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a DMRS shift within a single slot implemented by swapping DMRS symbols with neighboring PxSCH symbols. Assuming the gNB always possess the means to deduce the pulse interference, PW, PRF, center frequency, bandwidth and pulse-timing, there is no need for the WTRU to also acquire these parameters, unless blind identification will be employed at the gNB. As such, DMRS shifting is limited to operate in one out of four modes as shown in T able 1 .
  • Table 1 Available DMRS shifting modes for gNB and WTRU.
  • the mode selection is a one-time process and can be performed during contention-based uplink synchronization as depicted in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the shifting mode selection during contention-based uplink synchronization using a physical random access channel (PRACH).
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • the process may be implemented as follows: A Random Access Preamble (Msg 1) is sent from the WTRU to the gNB during a designated random access channel (RACH) occasion.
  • the gNB detects the WTRU by its particular PRACH index and transmits its Random Access Response (Msg 2) with its preferred shifting mode.
  • the WTRU decodes Msg 2, reads the gNB mode selection, and from this message, selects its own shifting mode.
  • the WTRU’s selected mode is added to Msg 3 and transmitted to the gNB.
  • the gNB decodes Msg 2, determines the WTRUs selected shifting mode and selects its own mode.
  • the WTRU may determine the explicit DMRS shifting mode that will be used for the respective UL and DL according to Table 2.
  • the gNB may be missing the capability to perform blind identification, hence, in Msg 2, it selects aided identification for Msg 2.
  • the WTRU can perform blind identification, so it selects blind identification DL and notifies the gNB about this feature using Msg 3. According to
  • the effective DMRS shifting mode in this case will be aided identification for UL and blind identification for DL. This means that the gNB will need to transmit DMRS shifting information for the UL DMRS shifts affecting PUSCH, but not for DL DMRS shifts affecting PDSCH.
  • the gNB may be missing the capability to perform blind identification, hence, in Msg 2, it selects aided identification for Msg 2.
  • the WTRU on the other hand, can perform blind identification, so it selects blind identification DL and notifies the gNB about this feature using Msg 3 According to
  • Table 2 the effective DMRS shifting mode in this case will be aided identification for UL and blind identification for DL. This means that the gNB will need to transmit DMRS shifting information for the UL DMRS shifts affecting PUSCH, but not for DL DMRS shifts affecting PDSCH.
  • Table 2 UL and DL DMRS shifting mode based on mode selection in Msg 2 and Msg 3.
  • the gNB detecting the WTRU and the WTRU decoding Msg 2 may require alterations of the standard Msg 2 and Msg 3.
  • the necessary changes are described by the following: add the 2-bit field DMRS symbol shifting mode to Msg 2 which is DCI format 1_0, as shown in Table 3, and extend Msg 3 (which is of type Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection Request) from its current 48 bits (without header) to 50 bits, so it can hold the WTRU’s selection of shifting mode.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • Table 3 Modified DCI format 1_0 to also include DMRS shifting mode.
  • the DMRS symbols can be forward or backwards shifted freely without passing information concerning the shifts that have taken place.
  • the receiver may need to identify the shifts, and may implement a method for doing so from the received signal.
  • One such method is to correlate the known DMRS sequence with each possible DMRS symbol, as a match may result in a higher correlation output.
  • the possible DMRS symbol locations for mapping Type A with one additional DMRS symbol is shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates possible DMRS shift locations for blind identification assuming DMRS mapping Type A with 1 additional DMRS symbol. As illustrated, for each DMRS symbol, there are three possible symbol locations. The exception is when the DMRS occupies the first or last symbol in a slot. In that case, there are only two possible symbol locations.
  • FIG.8 illustrates a block diagram of correlation-based blind identification of DMRS symbol shifts. Start and end nodes are identified by their bold borders. As illustrated in FIG. 8, symbols are assumed to be processed one-by-one. Each symbol is demodulated and considered as a DMRS candidate depending on their location relative to the standard DMRS locations. If the symbol is more than one symbol away from the DMRS standard location, it is considered a data symbol, and is buffered until a channel estimate is available Otherwise, it is considered a DMRS candidate.
  • the DMRS REs are extracted and correlated with the reference DMRS. This may be performed for all possible candidates for a DMRS symbol (up to 3). When all candidates are acquired, their correlation outputs are compared, and the highest is determined to correspond to the DMRS symbol. This symbol can then be used for channel and noise power estimation, while the other symbols are deemed to be data and pass through equalization and demodulation. Comparing this scheme to the non-shift case, it can be noted that an additional symbol may need to be processed before the DMRS symbol can be identified As such, this approach will introduce an additional one symbol delay compared to a symbol-by-symbol processing of the non-shift case.
  • new radio employs two types of scheduling, dynamic scheduling and semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) (variations for SPS exist between DL and UL)
  • SPS semi-persistent scheduling
  • For SPS scheduling information is conveyed periodically with RRC signaling. As the characteristics of the interferer may change sporadically, the periodic RRC signaling of the SPS may not occur frequent enough to adhere to the variations of the interferer.
  • the gNB may, at least temporarily, switch to dynamic scheduling when subject to pulse interference and employing aided identification.
  • a DCI is transmitted for scheduling of each PxSCH, and the scheduled timedomain resources do not exceed a slot (14 OFDM symbols).
  • DMRS shift information can be appended to the DCI. This is achieved by adding the field DMRS shift indicator to the standard DCI formats 0_0, 0_1 for PUSCH scheduling and 1_0 and 1_1 for PDSCH scheduling as indicated in Table 4.
  • the first bit is used to indicate whether a shift has taken place or not. As such, at least one bit will always be transmitted. If a shift has taken place, additional bits are appended to indicate the DMRS shifts.
  • the number of bits of the DMRS shift indicator field relates to the number of DMRS symbols in the current mapping. Table 4 Modified DCI (formats 0_0, 0 1, 1_0 and 1_1) by added DMRS shift indicator field.
  • the DMRS sequences aimed for different ports are multiplexed in time, frequency and code-domain Hence, orthogonality may be maintained between these DMRS sequences to preserve their function.
  • the code division multiplexing (CDM) provides a multiplexing factor of 2 for DMRS single symbol and 4 for DMRS double symbols. This means that pairwise processing of two consecutive (in frequency) DMRS symbols must be possible to retrieve a specific DMRS symbol in the DMRS single symbol case. Similarly, for the double symbol case, four REs (two in frequency and two in time) must be jointly processed to retrieve a specific symbol. As such, the DMRS, that should be processed jointly, must all either be interference corrupted or interference free. This limits how the DMRS can be TD as shown in FIG. 11 for DMRS mapping type A.
  • Activation ofthis feature can be made with the DCI (e.g., formats 0_0, 0_1 , 1_0 and 1_1) for dynamic scheduling and the RRC messaging or the DCI for SPS.
  • a single bit field e.g., Enable TD DMRS
  • the gNB starts PDSCH transmission using the DCI with Radio Network Temporary Identifier-Configured Scheduling (CS-RNTI).
  • CS-RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier-Configured Scheduling
  • the gNB can include the Enable TD DMRS field which may carry the value of 1 if an interferer is present, and 0 if it is not.
  • the choice of the TD DMRS may then hold until the next DCI is transmitted by the gNB
  • the TD DMRS can be separately activated for DL and UL since it is possible that the WTRU, in the DL, does not experience the pulse interference, even though the gNB does so in the UL. Such discrepancies can arise as the gNB and the WTRU may have different placement and orientation relative to the interference source, and may thus experience the interference differently.
  • Table 7 Modified DCI (formats 0_0, 0_1, 1_0 and 1_1) to support TD DMRS.
  • the WTRU may also have the capability to detect a pulse interferer. This feature can be advertised to the gNB by the higher level parameter pulse-interference-detection included in the Phy-ParametersCommon as shown in the ASN.1 code below.
  • Having support for pulse interference detection entails that the WTRU can call upon the gNB to activate the TD DMRS in the DL through uplink control information (UCI). In its simplest form, it may only entail the transmission of one additional bit (1 for activate and 0 deactivate).
  • a Activate-TD-DL bit can be added to the bit sequence generated for a hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) or a sounding reference signal (SRS), extending it from A bits to A + 1.
  • HARQ-ACK hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledgement
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • FIG. 12 illustrates the WTRU and the gNB interaction when the WTRU first detects interferer and requests the gNB to activate the TD-DMRS, and then detects the absence of the interferer and requests the gNB to deactivate the TD-DMRS.
  • the gNB may determine when to activate the TD-DMRS. However, the gNB can utilize knowledge of the WTRU and interferer location, either from estimation, the network or any other source to make the decision. Additionally, it may also base the decision of what other WTRUs provide support for pulse-interference-detection report.
  • a more appropriate noise power estimate can be acquired.
  • this can be done by combining g RE), a function reflecting the interference impact on a given RE, with the interference free noise power estimate a 2 .
  • the MMSE equalizer can be altered according to Eq. 3: Equation 3
  • the pulse interference free noise power estimate there are different ways to obtaining a pulse interference free noise estimate. For example, applying the DMRS shifting discussed hereinabove, ensures the DMRS-carrying REs are not subject to radar interference and can thus directly be used to obtain a pulse interference free noise estimate. However, without the DMRS shifting capability, a pulse interference free noise power estimate can still be obtained. For instance, assuming knowledge of radar corrupted REs, it is possible to either exclude these corrupted REs from the noise power estimation process, use a previous noise power estimate, or a combination of the two. An example is illustrated in FIG.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a block diagram of pulse interference free noise power estimate.
  • the second prerequisite for the altered noise power estimate used in the equalization process is a properly designed function ⁇ 7 (RE).
  • a noise free power estimate is used in combination with a corrupted noise power estimate to form the function ⁇ 7 (RE).
  • ⁇ J 2 a 2
  • f(a , a ) the last pulse interference free noise power estimate
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an implementation of noise power estimate adjustment function based on corrupted and non-corrupted noise power estimates.
  • Eq. 4 Equation 4 where the pulse interference power CT is the difference between the two noise power estimates.
  • the per RE adjustment function is designed according to Eq. 5:
  • f(af, a 2 ) can be an arbitrary function and consider other parameters. For instance, if the bandwidth is taken into account, define the function as in Eq. 6: E quation 6
  • Equalizer adjustment for angle of arrival may be included.
  • the radar component of the noise covariance matrix can be computed directly from the radar signal if the pulse has sufficient power, and the receiver has sufficient computational capacity.
  • a gNB or dedicated sensor or sensor network might be equipped to estimate the AoA, while simpler devices, such as a WTRU may lack the ability to do so.
  • the radar component of the noise covariance matrix, R can be computed using the known dimensions and orientation of the antenna array.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a modified equalization using radar AoA information from multiple sources.
  • the remaining part of the solution treats how to inform the WTRU of the AoA of the interference, or provide it with necessary information or allocated resources to calculate it on its own. It is noted that additional information concerning the interference power, as well as time and frequency location may also be necessary for AoA calculation and per RE adjustment of the equalization. [0129] Assuming, the WTRU has knowledge of both time and frequency location of the interferer, only the AoA related information is necessary for adjusting the equalization as discussed above. The process of providing the WTRU with such data is depicted in FIG. 16, where the 5G network or sensor network estimate the AoA at the serving the gNB together with potentially other interferer related information such as distance or power.
  • FIG.16 illustrates a process of the AoA information being transferred from the gNB to the WTRU for use in equalization.
  • the information is signaled to one or multiple WTRUs in the network using a modified DCI for PDSCH scheduling (formats 1_1 and 1_0).
  • a WTRU can then use this information, and if necessary, combine it with location-based service information and orientation information to calculate the AoA relative to itself
  • the AoA information provided by the gNB can include, but is not limited to, altitude and azimuth angular measurements, distance, geographical coordinates, and altitude.
  • the amount of data may depend on the necessary precision for the application, as well as the WTRU’s capability.
  • the higher layer parameter AoA-Supported-Formats is introduced to hold information on both the type of measurement (identifier), group priority and the precision of the measurement.
  • the ASN.1 Code for the AoA-Supported-Formats is shown below.
  • the identifier is used by the gNB to determine which type of measurements are supported by the WTRU. An example of such AoA measurements and their identifiers is given in Table 8.
  • the usage of the group priority parameter is twofold. Foremost, it can be used to determine which type of measurement that is preferred by the WTRU where priority 1 is given to the measurement with highest priority.
  • the second functionality of the group priority is to inform the gNB which measurements the WTRU needs in combination. For instance, if the WTRU needs both the altitude angle and azimuth angle to determine the direction of the interferer, then these are to be assigned the same group priority number.
  • measurement-formats can accommodate up to 16 different types of measurements, each with a selectable bit-size of 1 to 256. The choice of bit-size relates to the accuracy or precision of the measurement parameter and can also vary based on the measurement type.
  • AoA-Supported-Format is a higher layer parameter and can be appended to the WTRU Capability Information Phy-ParametersCommon parameter.
  • AoA-Supported-Formats SEQUENCE ⁇ measurement-formats AoA-Measurement (SIZE(1..16))
  • AoA-measurement :: SEQUENCE ⁇ identifier BIT STRING (SIZE(4)), group-priority INTEGER (1..16), bit-size INTEGER (1. 256)
  • the AoA measurement can be transmitted from the gNB to the WTRU by appending the fields Enable AoA Measurement and the AoA Measurement to the DCI formats 0_0, 0_1 , 1_0 and 1_1 for dynamic scheduling, as well as to the DCI with CS-RNTI for SPS as shown in Table 9.
  • the AoA measurements do not need to be transmitted, and consequently Enable AoA Measurements will be set to 0, and the AoA measurement will not contain any data.
  • the Enable AoA Measurements will instead be 1, and the AoA measurement may contain the 4-bit group priority identifier followed by the measurements.
  • the measurements within the same priority group can be transmitted back-to-back, in order of lowest to highest identifier number.
  • a WTRU is aware of how many bits are allocated each measurement, there may be no confusion to where one measurement ends and the other begins
  • An example of the AoA measurement payload is depicted in Table 8 where altitude angle (5 bits), azimuth angle (6 bits) and distance (9 bits) all have been given group priority ‘0001’.
  • Table 9 Modified DCI (formats 0_0, 0_1 , 1_0 and 1_1) to support AoA measurements.
  • the gNB can schedule the SRS or another uplink transmission for the WTRU. It may then calculate the non-orientation adjusted AoA at the WTRU from the interference source and can signal it to the WTRU as an AoA measurement. The WTRU may correct the AoA using its own orientation information.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates an AoA measurement bitstream with altitude angle, azimuth angle and distance all pertaining to group priority ‘0001’. Adjusting channel estimate based on pulse interference is described. In comparison to the noise power estimate where it is desired to both obtain an interference free estimate as well as an interference corrupted, only an interference free channel estimate is desired If either of the above described shifting DMRS symbol location or time distribution DMRS is applied, all DMRS symbols, or at least a subset of the DMRS symbols are interference free and can be used for channel estimation. In contrast, if no such mitigation is used, then the interferer must be considered within the process of channel estimation.
  • a special case occurs when any weight in IV is close to zero, as this may effectively exclude the corresponding DMRS symbol in X DMRS to have any impact on the channel estimate H
  • the channel estimator can adjust the channel estimation based on a per RE function.
  • the DMRS vector may be truncated to the K nearest neighbors.
  • the estimated amount of degradation is derived from pulse timing, pulse interference power, and BW information, DM 1SR , the DMRS Interference to Signal ratio.
  • DM ISR DM 1SR , the DMRS Interference to Signal ratio.
  • a vector a of scale factors for each W is computed. The vector should emphasize low DM 1SR (when the pulse interference is low) and deemphasize high DM ISR (when pulse interference is high).
  • the elements of a denoted a L > 0 Vi.
  • the distance metric can be adjusted to account for how degraded the DMRS REs are, where the distance to degraded DMRS REs is increased. This can have the effect of choosing a different set of K nearest neighbors, excluding heavily corrupted DMRS.
  • the parameter a t has an inverse relationship to the amount of pulse interference within a DMRS RE.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates an example of channel estimation with corrupted DMRS. Shaded boxes are the existing channel estimate algorithms. White boxes show the enhancement structured to have minimal impact on existing algorithms. This channel estimation may be minimally invasive and may permit the existing channel estimator weights computation to remain untouched.
  • the gNB and the WTRU decide upon a particular DMRS shifting mode. Assuming aided identification mode, the gNB actively predicts if pulse interference may occur within scheduled DL and UL resources for the WTRU. If interference is predicted to occur within the resource and the DMRS symbol, the gNB shifts the affected DMRS symbol(s) and includes the shifting information in DCI. Upon reception of the DCI, the WTRU may be aware of any shifts that has occurred (DL) or shifts that it may need to perform (UL) Noise power estimation and channel estimation can then be performed with non-corrupted DMRS symbols. If no interference is predicted, the DCI is transmitted with the DMRS shift indicator field equal to 0.
  • the gNB and the WTRU actively predicts if pulse interference may occur in scheduled DL and UL resources. If interference is predicted, the transmitting unit (gNB or WTRU) appropriately shifts the DMRS to avoid interference. Upon reception, the receiving unit detects the DMRS shift by, for instance, the correlation-based method described hereinabove. Noise power estimation and channel estimation can then be performed with non-corrupted DMRS symbols. If no interference is predicted, no shifting may occur.
  • the gNB actively predicts if pulse interference will occur within scheduled DL and UL resources for the WTRU. If interference is predicted for DL, the gNB appropriately shifts the DMRS symbols. No information needs to be transmitted to the WTRU. Upon reception, the WTRU performs a blind identification method todetect DMRS shifts. If interference is predicted for UL, the gNB transmits shifting information to the WTRU through DCI. Upon reception, the WTRU performs the instructed DMRS shifts for its UL transmission.
  • the gNB obtains the capabilities of the WTRU through the RRC messaging.
  • the gNB may assess (using the same RRC messaging) if WTRU is capable of detecting radar interference. Assuming pulse-interference-detection is not supported, the gNB may activate the TD DMRS if pulse interferer is detected. This may be communicated through the DCI. If the gNB establishes that the interferer is not present, it may deactivate the TD DMRS using the DCI.
  • the WTRU can signal, through the UCI to activate the TD DMRS, the gNB may then apply the TD DMRS for the DL. The gNB may evaluate if the TD DMRS is also necessary for uplink. This may be signaled to the WTRU through the DCI.
  • Appropriate steps are taken at the receiver to accommodate the TD DMRS including obtaining both interference free and interference corrupted noise estimate and obtaining an interference free channel estimate.
  • the receiver may evaluate, either based on estimated or provided knowledge concerning pulse interference if the DMRS symbols are corrupted. Using non-corrupted DMRS, an interference free noise power estimate is obtained. Using the corrupted DMRS, an interference corrupted noise power estimate is obtained. An appropriate noise power estimate is used for each RE in subsequent processing steps.
  • the WTRU may advertise its need for the AoA measurements to the gNB in its Phy-ParametersCommon parameter. Reading the AoA-Supported-Formatforthe WTRU, the gNB, based on its own capability (or access to these measurement) may assess which measurements to transmit Upon detecting an interferer, the gNB may set the Enable AoA Measurement bit in the DCI to 1 and append obtained measurement data to the AoA Measurement field of the DCI when available and necessary. When the gNB considers the interferer to be absent, the Enable AoA Measurement bit in the DCI is set to 0. Indicating that AoA measurements may not be transmitted.
  • the receiver may evaluate, either based on estimated or provided knowledge concerning pulse interference if the DMRS symbols are corrupted. If the DMRS are deemed to be corrupted, then an appropriate weighting vector may be calculated for each RE. This may effectively deemphasize the impact of corrupted DMRS. If the DMRS are not deemed corrupted, the weighting can be omitted or all DMRS symbols can be weighted similarly.
  • FIG. 19 shows a flow chart of an exemplary method 1900 implemented by a WTRU.
  • the method may be implemented to avoid one or more signals interfering with a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) symbol of a data transmission.
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • FIG. 19 shows a flow chart of an exemplary method 1900 implemented by a WTRU.
  • the method may be implemented to avoid one or more signals interfering with a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) symbol of a data transmission.
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • the method 1900 involves determining at least one location of a time slot for receiving a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) symbol of a data transmission.
  • the DMRS symbol may comprises at least one resource element associated with the DMRS.
  • the method involves receiving shift information for the DMRS symbol of the data transmission.
  • the shift information may be included in at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) communication or downlink control information (DCI).
  • RRC radio resource control
  • DCI downlink control information
  • the shift information may indicate a shift in the location of the DMRS symbol in the time slot of a data transmission.
  • the shift information may also indicate whether the DMRS symbol is shifted forward or backward in the time slot or remains in the same location.
  • the DMRS symbol may be shifted forward or backward in the time slot by a single symbol location. As a result, the DMRS symbol may be shifted in the time slots of the data transmission to avoid signals interfering with the DMRS symbol.
  • the method 2000 may be implemented by a base station or a WTRU to avoid one or more signals interfering with a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) symbol of a data transmission
  • the data transmission may comprise a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission.
  • PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
  • PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
  • the method involves determining at least one location of a time slot allocated for transmitting a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) symbol for a data transmission.
  • DMRS symbol may comprises at least one resource element associated with the DMRS.
  • the method involves determining a shifted location in the time slot for transmitting the DMRS symbol based on detecting interference in the at least one location of the time slot.
  • the at least one location of a time slot for receiving the DMRS symbol may overlap with an interfering signal. Due to the interference, the location of the DMRS symbol may be shifted within the time slots of the data transmission.
  • the DMRS symbol may be shifted forward or backward from the at least one location of the time slots.
  • the DMRS symbol may be shifted forward or backward in the time slot by a single symbol location.
  • the DMRS symbol may be swapped with a neighboring symbol of the time slot.
  • the neighboring symbol may comprise a data carrying symbol.
  • the method involves transmitting the DMRS symbol of the data transmission in the shifted location of the time slots.
  • a WTRU or a base station may be configured to transmit the DMRS symbol in shifted location of the time slots of the data transmission.
  • Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magnetooptical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs).
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • register cache memory
  • semiconductor memory devices magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magnetooptical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs).
  • a processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, WTRU, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé mis en œuvre par une unité d'émission/réception sans fil (WTRU) est divulgué. Le procédé peut consister à déterminer un créneau temporel d'une pluralité de créneaux temporels afin de recevoir un symbole de signal de référence de démodulation (DMRS) d'une transmission de données. Le procédé peut également consister à recevoir des informations de décalage pour le symbole DMRS de la transmission de données. Les informations de décalage peuvent indiquer un décalage dans l'emplacement du symbole DMRS dans les créneaux temporels. En outre, le procédé peut consister à déterminer un intervalle de temps décalé pour recevoir le symbole DMRS sur la base des informations de décalage. De plus, le procédé peut consister à recevoir le symbole DMRS de la transmission de données dans l'intervalle de temps décalé.
PCT/US2024/048450 2023-09-25 2024-09-25 Techniques d'estimation et d'égalisation de canal pour coexistence avec des brouilleurs pulsés à haute puissance Pending WO2025072361A1 (fr)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE1800214A1 (en) * 2018-11-02 2020-05-03 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Demodulation reference signaling in LTE/NR coexistence
WO2022131977A1 (fr) * 2020-12-16 2022-06-23 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Attribution de ressources dans le domaine temporel pour un réseau de communication sans fil

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE1800214A1 (en) * 2018-11-02 2020-05-03 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Demodulation reference signaling in LTE/NR coexistence
WO2022131977A1 (fr) * 2020-12-16 2022-06-23 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Attribution de ressources dans le domaine temporel pour un réseau de communication sans fil

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