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WO2025070586A1 - Composition de résine photosensible, produit durci, stratifié, procédé de production de produit durci, procédé de production de stratifié, procédé de production de dispositif à semi-conducteur, dispositif à semi-conducteur, résine, procédé de production de résine et dianhydride d'acide carboxylique - Google Patents

Composition de résine photosensible, produit durci, stratifié, procédé de production de produit durci, procédé de production de stratifié, procédé de production de dispositif à semi-conducteur, dispositif à semi-conducteur, résine, procédé de production de résine et dianhydride d'acide carboxylique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025070586A1
WO2025070586A1 PCT/JP2024/034387 JP2024034387W WO2025070586A1 WO 2025070586 A1 WO2025070586 A1 WO 2025070586A1 JP 2024034387 W JP2024034387 W JP 2024034387W WO 2025070586 A1 WO2025070586 A1 WO 2025070586A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
group
formula
carbon atoms
resin composition
independently represent
Prior art date
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PCT/JP2024/034387
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
敦靖 野崎
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Fujifilm Corp
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Fujifilm Corp
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Publication of WO2025070586A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025070586A1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/12—Unsaturated polyimide precursors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
    • G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
    • G03F7/075—Silicon-containing compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/40—Treatment after imagewise removal, e.g. baking

Definitions

  • heterocycle-containing polymers such as polyimides are used in various applications due to their excellent heat resistance and insulating properties.
  • the applications include, but are not limited to, materials for insulating films and sealing materials, or protective films for semiconductor devices for mounting. They are also used as base films and coverlays for flexible substrates.
  • a heterocycle-containing polymer such as a polyimide is used in the form of a photosensitive resin composition containing the heterocycle-containing polymer or a precursor thereof.
  • a photosensitive resin composition is applied to a substrate, for example by coating, to form a photosensitive film, and then, if necessary, exposure, development, heating, etc. are performed to form a cured product on the substrate.
  • the photosensitive resin composition can be applied by a known coating method, etc., it can be said to have excellent adaptability in manufacturing, for example, high degree of freedom in designing the shape, size, application position, etc., of the photosensitive resin composition to be applied.
  • the industrial application development of the above-mentioned photosensitive resin composition is expected to continue.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a polyimide resin having a molecular chain containing a structural unit of a specific structure, the molecular chain containing a radically polymerizable group or a cationic polymerizable group, and a varnish composition containing the same.
  • excellent insulation reliability means that voids are unlikely to form between the cured product and the substrate even after long periods of time under high-temperature conditions.
  • the present invention aims to provide a photosensitive resin composition which can give a cured product having excellent insulation reliability, a cured product obtained by curing the photosensitive resin composition, a laminate including the cured product, a method for producing the cured product, a method for producing the laminate, a method for producing a semiconductor device including the method for producing the cured product, and a semiconductor device including the cured product.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel resin, a method for producing a novel resin, and a novel carboxylic acid dianhydride.
  • a photosensitive resin composition comprising: a photopolymerization initiator.
  • X2 represents a group represented by the following formula (4-1)
  • Y1 represents an organic group having 4 or more carbon atoms
  • R1 each independently represents a structure represented by the following formula (R-1)
  • n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more
  • L 3 R1 represents a linking group having a valence of a1+1
  • a 3 R1 represents a polymerizable group
  • a1 represents an integer of 1 or more
  • * represents a bonding site with Y 1 in formula (2-1).
  • A3> The photosensitive resin composition according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, in which A 1 and A 2 in the formula (4-1) each independently represent an amide group or an ester group.
  • A3 in the above formula (4-1) is a group represented by the following formula (A3-1), a group represented by the following formula (A3-2), an amide group, or an ester group.
  • A3-1 represents a hydrocarbon group
  • * represents a bonding site to a vinylphenyl group
  • # represents a bonding site to X 1 .
  • L A2 represents a hydrocarbon group
  • * represents a bonding site to a vinylphenyl group
  • # represents a bonding site to X 1 .
  • the resin is a polyimide obtained by polymerizing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid dianhydride represented by formula (1-1) and a compound represented by formula (1-2) and a diamine compound.
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more
  • R21 , R22 , R23 and R24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
  • a photosensitive resin composition comprising: a photopolymerization initiator.
  • X3 represents a group represented by the following formula (4-1)
  • Y2 represents an organic group having 4 or more carbon atoms
  • V1 and V2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
  • R3 each independently represent a structure represented by the following formula (R-1)
  • n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more
  • L 3 R1 represents a linking group having a valence of a1+1
  • a 3 R1 represents a polymerizable group
  • a1 represents an integer of 1 or more
  • * represents a bonding site with Y 2 in formula (2-2).
  • A3 in the above formula (4-1) is a group represented by the following formula (A3-1), a group represented by the following formula (A3-2), an amide group, or an ester group.
  • A3-1 represents a hydrocarbon group
  • * represents a bonding site to a vinylphenyl group
  • # represents a bonding site to X 1 .
  • L A2 represents a hydrocarbon group
  • * represents a bonding site to a vinylphenyl group
  • # represents a bonding site to X 1 .
  • the resin is a polyimide precursor obtained by polymerizing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid dianhydride represented by the following formula (1-1) and a compound represented by the following formula (1-2), and a diamine compound:
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more.
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more
  • R21 , R22 , R23 and R24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
  • ⁇ 13> The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 12>, further comprising a solvent having a boiling point of 50° C. to 300° C. at 1 atmospheric pressure.
  • ⁇ 14> The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 13>, further comprising an azole compound and a silane coupling agent.
  • ⁇ 15> The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 14>, in which, when a cured product having a film thickness of 10 ⁇ m is formed, the cured product has a transmittance of light with a wavelength of 365 nm of 10% or more.
  • ⁇ 16> The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 15>, further comprising a solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 260° C. at 1 atmospheric pressure.
  • ⁇ 17> The photosensitive resin composition according to ⁇ 16>, wherein the content of the solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 260° C. is 40 mass% or more based on the total mass of the composition.
  • ⁇ 18> The photosensitive resin composition according to ⁇ 16>, comprising two or more solvents having a boiling point of 100 to 260° C. ⁇ 19>
  • the photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 18> which is used for forming an interlayer insulating film for a redistribution layer.
  • ⁇ 20> A cured product obtained by curing the resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 19>.
  • ⁇ 21> A laminate comprising two or more layers made of the cured product according to ⁇ 20>, and a metal layer between any two adjacent layers made of the cured product.
  • ⁇ 22> A method for producing a cured product, comprising a film-forming step of applying the resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 19> onto a substrate to form a film.
  • the method for producing a cured product according to ⁇ 22> comprising: an exposure step of selectively exposing the film to light; and a development step of developing the film with a developer to form a pattern.
  • ⁇ 24> A method for producing a cured product according to ⁇ 22> or ⁇ 23>, comprising a heating step of heating the film at 50 to 450° C.
  • ⁇ 25> A method for producing a laminate, comprising the method for producing a cured product according to any one of ⁇ 22> to ⁇ 24>.
  • ⁇ 26> A method for producing a semiconductor device, comprising the method for producing a cured product according to any one of ⁇ 22> to ⁇ 24>.
  • ⁇ 27> A semiconductor device comprising the cured product according to ⁇ 20>.
  • X2 represents a group represented by the following formula (4-1)
  • Y1 represents an organic group having 4 or more carbon atoms
  • R1 each independently represents a structure represented by the following formula (R-1)
  • n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more
  • L 3 R1 represents a linking group having a valence of a1+1
  • a 3 R1 represents a polymerizable group
  • a1 represents an integer of 1 or more
  • * represents a bonding site with Y 1 in formula (2-1).
  • X3 represents a group represented by the following formula (4-1)
  • Y2 represents an organic group having 4 or more carbon atoms
  • V1 and V2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
  • R3 each independently represent a structure represented by the following formula (R-1)
  • n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more
  • * each represents a bonding site with the carbonyl group in formula (2-2).
  • L 3 R1 represents a linking group having a valence of a1+1
  • a 3 R1 represents a polymerizable group
  • a1 represents an integer of 1 or more
  • * represents a bonding site with Y 2 in formula (2-2).
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more.
  • a method for producing the resin according to ⁇ 28> or ⁇ 29> comprising polymerizing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid dianhydride represented by the following formula (1-1) and a compound represented by the following formula (1-2), and a diamine:
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more.
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more
  • R21 , R22 , R23 and R24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
  • a photosensitive resin composition which can give a cured product having excellent insulation reliability, a cured product obtained by curing the photosensitive resin composition, a laminate including the cured product, a method for producing the cured product, a method for producing the laminate, a method for producing a semiconductor device including the method for producing the cured product, and a semiconductor device including the cured product.
  • the present invention also provides a novel resin, a novel method for producing a novel resin, and a novel carboxylic acid dianhydride.
  • a numerical range expressed using the symbol "to” means a range that includes the numerical values before and after "to” as the lower limit and upper limit, respectively.
  • the term “process” includes not only an independent process but also a process that cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes, so long as the process can achieve its intended effect.
  • groups (atomic groups) when there is no indication of whether they are substituted or unsubstituted, the term encompasses both unsubstituted groups (atomic groups) and substituted groups (atomic groups).
  • an "alkyl group” encompasses not only alkyl groups that have no substituents (unsubstituted alkyl groups) but also alkyl groups that have substituents (substituted alkyl groups).
  • exposure includes not only exposure using light but also exposure using particle beams such as electron beams, ion beams, etc. Examples of light used for exposure include the bright line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet light represented by an excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet light (EUV light), X-rays, electron beams, and other actinic rays or radiation.
  • the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) are values measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method, and are defined as polystyrene equivalent values, unless otherwise specified.
  • the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) can be determined, for example, by using HLC-8220GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) and using guard columns HZ-L, TSKgel Super HZM-M, TSKgel Super HZ4000, TSKgel Super HZ3000, and TSKgel Super HZ2000 (all manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) connected in series as columns.
  • these molecular weights are measured using NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) as an eluent.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • detection in GPC measurement is performed using a UV (ultraviolet) ray (ultraviolet) wavelength 254 nm detector.
  • a third layer or element may be interposed between the reference layer and the other layer, and the reference layer does not need to be in contact with the other layer.
  • the direction in which the layers are stacked on the substrate is referred to as "upper", or, in the case of a resin composition layer, the direction from the substrate to the resin composition layer is referred to as “upper”, and the opposite direction is referred to as "lower”. Note that such a vertical direction is set for the convenience of this specification, and in an actual embodiment, the "upper” direction in this specification may be different from the vertical upward direction.
  • the composition may contain, as each component contained in the composition, two or more compounds corresponding to that component.
  • the content of each component in the composition means the total content of all compounds corresponding to that component.
  • the temperature is 23° C.
  • the pressure is 101,325 Pa (1 atm)
  • the relative humidity is 50% RH.
  • combinations of preferred aspects are more preferred aspects.
  • the photosensitive resin composition according to the first aspect of the present invention contains a polyimide containing a repeating unit represented by formula (2-1) and a photopolymerization initiator.
  • the photosensitive resin composition according to the second aspect of the present invention contains a polyimide precursor containing a repeating unit represented by formula (2-2) and a photopolymerization initiator.
  • the first resin composition and the second resin composition will be collectively referred to simply as the "resin composition”.
  • the resin composition of the present invention is preferably used to form a photosensitive film that is subjected to exposure and development, and is preferably used to form a film that is subjected to exposure and development using a developer containing an organic solvent.
  • the resin composition of the present invention can be used, for example, to form an insulating film for a semiconductor device, an interlayer insulating film for a redistribution layer, a stress buffer film, etc., and is preferably used to form an interlayer insulating film for a redistribution layer.
  • the resin composition of the present invention is used for forming an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer.
  • the resin composition of the present invention is preferably used for forming a photosensitive film to be subjected to negative development.
  • negative development refers to a development in which the non-exposed areas are removed by development during exposure and development
  • positive development refers to a development in which the exposed areas are removed by development.
  • the exposure method, the developer, and the development method for example, the exposure method described in the exposure step and the developer and development method described in the development step in the description of the production method of the cured product described later can be used.
  • the specific resin of the present invention has a vinylphenyl group, which is believed to polymerize in the cured product by polymerization with a photopolymerization initiator upon exposure or by polymerization upon heating.
  • the vinylphenyl group is less susceptible to depolymerization after polymerization as compared with a (meth)acryloxy group and the like, and the glass transition temperature of the polymer is high.
  • the intrusion of water, acid, etc. into the cured product is suppressed, making it less likely that voids will form between the cured product and the substrate even after long periods of time under high-temperature conditions.
  • Patent Document 1 does not describe any resin composition that contains a resin that falls under the category of specific resin.
  • the first resin composition contains a polyimide (first specific resin) that includes a repeating unit represented by formula (2-1).
  • the second resin composition may contain a first specific resin.
  • X2 represents a group represented by the following formula (4-1)
  • Y1 represents an organic group having 4 or more carbon atoms
  • R1 each independently represents a structure represented by the following formula (R-1)
  • n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
  • polyimide refers to a resin having a repeating unit containing an imide group in the molecular chain, and is preferably a resin having a repeating unit containing an imide ring structure in the molecular chain. Furthermore, when the polyimide is a linear resin, the polyimide is preferably a resin having a repeating unit containing an imide group in the main chain, and more preferably a resin having a repeating unit containing an imide ring structure in the main chain.
  • the term “main chain” refers to the relatively longest bonding chain in a resin molecule, and the term “side chain” refers to any other bonding chain.
  • the imide ring structure refers to a ring structure containing two carbon atoms and all of the nitrogen atoms in the above imide as ring members.
  • the imide ring structure is preferably a five-membered ring.
  • the first specific resin contains a five-membered imide ring structure in the repeating unit represented by formula (2-1).
  • the polyimide may be a so-called polyamideimide having an amide group in the molecular chain in addition to the imide group.
  • # represents a bonding site with another structure, preferably a bonding site with a hydrogen atom or a carbon atom, more preferably a bonding site with a hydrogen atom.
  • the polyimide precursor refers to a resin that changes in chemical structure due to an external stimulus to become a polyimide, and is preferably a resin that changes in chemical structure due to heat to become a polyimide, and more preferably a resin that changes in chemical structure due to heat to become a polyimide by forming a ring structure through a ring-closing reaction.
  • the preferred embodiments of the polyimide to be formed are as described above.
  • X2 represents a group represented by formula (4-1).
  • a 1 and A 2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group, preferably an amide group or an ester group, and more preferably an amide group.
  • X1 is a 2+n valent organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms.
  • R N represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and even more preferably a hydrogen atom.
  • the above-mentioned hydrocarbon group may be either an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, with aromatic hydrocarbon groups being preferred.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably has 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring group.
  • the aliphatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably has 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • the aliphatic heterocyclic group is preferably an aliphatic heterocyclic group having a 5-membered or 6-membered ring structure.
  • heteroatoms in the aliphatic heterocyclic group include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom.
  • the aliphatic heterocyclic group may further have a condensed ring.
  • the aromatic heterocyclic group is preferably an aromatic heterocyclic group having a 5-membered or 6-membered ring structure. Examples of the heteroatom in the aromatic heterocyclic group include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom.
  • the aromatic heterocyclic group may further have a condensed ring.
  • the aryl group includes aromatic hydrocarbon groups, aromatic heterocyclic groups, and the like. The preferred embodiments of the aromatic hydrocarbon group and aromatic heterocyclic group in the aryl group are as described above.
  • X 1 is preferably a structure in which a plurality of hydrogen atoms have been removed from a benzene ring structure or a biphenyl structure. Preferred examples of X1 are described below, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the following structures, * represents a binding site to A1 or A2 , and # represents a binding site to A3 .
  • A3 is preferably a group represented by formula (A3-1) below, a group represented by formula (A3-2) below, an amide group or an ester group, and more preferably an amide group or an ester group.
  • L A1 represents a hydrocarbon group
  • * represents a bonding site to a vinylphenyl group
  • # represents a bonding site to X 1 .
  • L A2 represents a hydrocarbon group
  • * represents a bonding site to a vinylphenyl group
  • # represents a bonding site to X 1 .
  • L A1 is preferably an alkylene group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a group represented by a bond thereof, more preferably an alkylene group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and still more preferably an alkylene group.
  • the alkylene group is preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the alkylene group may be either linear or cyclic, but linear alkylene groups are also a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably a phenylene group or a naphthylene group, and more preferably a phenylene group.
  • n is preferably an integer of 1 to 10, more preferably an integer of 1 to 4, and even more preferably 1 or 2. In addition, n being 1 is also one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • X1 does not contain an imide group in the structure.
  • X1 does not contain a urethane group or a urea group in the structure.
  • R N represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
  • * represents a bonding site with a carbon atom.
  • R N independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
  • R N represents a bonding site with a carbon atom.
  • Preferred aspects of R N are as described above. Among these, it is preferable that X1 does not contain an imide bond, a urethane bond or a urea bond.
  • Y1 has 4 or more carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 50 carbon atoms, and more preferably 4 to 40 carbon atoms.
  • Y1 is preferably a group containing a structure in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a structure represented by any one of formulas (V-1) to (V-9).
  • V-1 is an organic group containing a structure in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a structure represented by any one of formulas (V-1) to (V-9)
  • the chemical resistance and flatness of the cured product are improved.
  • R 1 and X1 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group.
  • R 1 X2 and R 1 X3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and R 1 X2 and R 1 X3 may be bonded to form a ring structure.
  • R 1 and X5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group.
  • R X1 are each independently preferably an alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and further preferably a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group.
  • the halogenated alkyl group refers to an alkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a halogen atom. As the halogen atom, F or Cl is preferable, and F is more preferable.
  • R 1 X2 and R 1 X3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom.
  • R X2 and R X3 are bonded to form a ring structure
  • the structure formed by bonding R X2 and R X3 is preferably a single bond, -O- or -C(R) 2 -, more preferably -O- or -C(R) 2 -, and even more preferably -O-.
  • R represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom.
  • R X5 are each independently preferably an alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and further preferably a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group.
  • the halogenated alkyl group refers to an alkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a halogen atom. As the halogen atom, F or Cl is preferable, and F is more preferable.
  • Y1 is a group containing a structure obtained by removing two or more hydrogen atoms from a structure represented by formula (V-1)
  • Y1 is preferably a group represented by the following formula (V-1-2).
  • * represents the bonding site with the two nitrogen atoms to which Y1 in formula (2-1) is bonded
  • n1 represents an integer of 1 to 5.
  • the hydrogen atoms in the following structure may be further substituted with a group represented by formula (R-1) described below or a known substituent such as a hydrocarbon group.
  • Y 1 is a group containing a structure obtained by removing two or more hydrogen atoms from a structure represented by formula (V-2), Y 1 is preferably a group represented by formula (V-2-3) or formula (V-2-4) below, and from the viewpoint of lowering the dielectric constant of the cured product, it is preferably a group represented by formula (V-2-4).
  • L X1 represents a single bond or -O-, and * represents a bonding site with the two nitrogen atoms to which Y 1 is bonded in formula (2-1).
  • R X1 are as described above.
  • the hydrogen atoms in these structures may be further substituted with a group represented by formula (R-1) described below or a known substituent such as a hydrocarbon group.
  • Y 1 is a group containing a structure obtained by removing two or more hydrogen atoms from a structure represented by formula (V-4), Y 1 is preferably a group represented by the following formula (V-4-2) or (V-4-3).
  • * represents a bonding site with the two nitrogen atoms to which Y 1 in formula (2-1) is bonded
  • n1 represents an integer of 0 to 5.
  • An embodiment in which n1 is 0 is also one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the hydrogen atoms in the following structures may be further substituted with a group represented by formula (R-1) described below or known substituents such as a hydrocarbon group.
  • Y1 is a group containing a structure obtained by removing two or more hydrogen atoms from the structure represented by formula (V-6), Y1 is preferably a group represented by the following formula (V-6-2).
  • * represents the bonding site with the two nitrogen atoms to which Y1 is bonded in formula (2-1).
  • the hydrogen atoms in the following structure may be further substituted with known substituents such as hydrocarbon groups.
  • Y1 is a group containing a structure obtained by removing two or more hydrogen atoms from the structure represented by formula (V-9)
  • Y1 is preferably a group represented by the following formula (V-9-2).
  • * represents the bonding site with the two nitrogen atoms to which Y1 is bonded in formula (2-1).
  • the hydrogen atoms in the following structure may be further substituted with known substituents such as hydrocarbon groups.
  • R 1 each independently represents a structure represented by formula (R-1) below.
  • L 3 R1 represents a linking group having a valence of a1+1
  • a 3 R1 represents a polymerizable group
  • a1 represents an integer of 1 or more
  • * represents a bonding site with Y 1 in formula (2-1).
  • R N is preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a phenyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom.
  • Lx is preferably an alkylene group, more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, even more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a methylene group.
  • Lx is preferably a hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic group, or a group represented by a combination thereof, more preferably a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and even more preferably a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms.
  • a1 has the same meaning as a1 in formula (R-1).
  • a R1 is preferably a maleimide group, a (meth)acryloxy group, a (meth)acrylamide group, or a vinylphenyl group, and from the viewpoint of reactivity, a (meth)acryloxy group is preferable, and from the viewpoint of reducing the dielectric loss tangent, a maleimide group or a vinylphenyl group is preferable.
  • a 3 R1 in formula (R-1) is a vinylphenyl group and L 3 R1 is a group represented by formula (L-2-1).
  • L and X2 represent a hydrocarbon group, and a1 represents an integer of 1 or more.
  • L and X2 represent a hydrocarbon group, and are preferably a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
  • L X2 is preferably an alkylene group, more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, still more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a methylene group.
  • a1 has the same meaning as a1 in formula (R-1).
  • the aromatic heterocyclic group is preferably a 5-membered or 6-membered ring containing the above-mentioned heteroatom. Furthermore, the aromatic heterocyclic group may be condensed with another aromatic heterocyclic group or another aromatic hydrocarbon ring group.
  • the aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms may be any of a straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic structure, or a structure represented by a combination thereof.
  • the aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms preferably has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably has 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • a1 is preferably an integer of 1 to 4, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 2.
  • an embodiment in which a1 is 1 is also one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the number of ester groups contained in formula (R-1) is preferably 1 or 0.
  • n is preferably an integer of 1 to 4, more preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and even more preferably 1 or 2.
  • n being 0 is also one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the first specific resin may contain a repeating unit represented by formula (4).
  • the repeating unit represented by formula (2-1) does not fall under the repeating unit represented by formula (4).
  • R 131 represents a divalent organic group
  • R 132 represents a tetravalent organic group.
  • R 131 represents a divalent organic group.
  • R 131 include groups described in paragraphs 0042 to 0053 of JP-A No. 2023-003421. These descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
  • R 131 is the group described as a preferred embodiment of Y 1 in the above formula (2-1).
  • R 132 represents a tetravalent organic group. Examples of R 132 include the compounds described in paragraphs 0055 to 0057 of JP-A-2023-003421. The descriptions therein are incorporated herein by reference. Furthermore, R 132 preferably represents an organic group containing a structure obtained by removing two or more hydrogen atoms from a structure represented by any one of the above formulas (V-1) to (V-9), and more preferably represents an organic group containing a structure obtained by removing two or more hydrogen atoms from a structure represented by any one of the above formulas (V-1) to (V-4).
  • R 132 is an organic group containing a structure in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a structure represented by any one of formulas (V-1) to (V-4), the chemical resistance and flatness of the cured product are improved.
  • R 132 is an organic group containing a structure in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a structure represented by any one of formulas (V-1) to (V-4)
  • effects such as suppression of the generation of development residues, lowering the dielectric constant of the cured product, and reducing the thermal expansion coefficient can be obtained.
  • the organic group containing a structure in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a structure represented by any one of formulas (V-5) to (V-9) has the effect of improving the transmittance of ultraviolet light, making it difficult for the pattern of the cured product to become tapered, and providing a wide tolerance for the amount of exposure light.
  • R 132 is a group containing a structure in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a structure represented by formula (V-1)
  • R 132 is preferably a group represented by formula (V-1-1) below.
  • * represents a bonding site with the four carbonyl groups to which R 132 in formula (4) is bonded
  • n1 represents an integer of 0 to 5, and is also preferably an integer of 1 to 5.
  • the hydrogen atoms in the structure below may be further substituted with a group represented by formula (R-1) described below or a known substituent such as a hydrocarbon group.
  • R 132 is a group containing a structure obtained by removing two or more hydrogen atoms from a structure represented by formula (V-2), R 132 is preferably a group represented by formula (V-2-1) or formula (V-2-2) below, and from the viewpoint of lowering the amine value in the resin, it is preferably a group represented by formula (V-2-2).
  • a bond crossing a side of a ring structure means substituting any of the hydrogen atoms in the ring structure.
  • L X1 represents a single bond or -O-
  • * represents a bonding site with the four carbonyl groups to which R 132 in formula (4) is bonded.
  • the definition and preferred aspects of R X1 are as described above.
  • the hydrogen atoms in these structures may be further substituted with a group represented by formula (R-1) described below or a known substituent such as a hydrocarbon group.
  • R 132 is a group containing a structure obtained by removing two or more hydrogen atoms from a structure represented by formula (V-3), R 132 is preferably a group represented by formula (V-3-1) or formula (V-3-2) below, and from the viewpoint of lowering the dielectric constant of the cured product, it is preferably a group represented by formula (V-3-2).
  • * represents a bonding site with the four carbonyl groups to which R 132 in formula (4) is bonded.
  • R X2 and R X3 are as described above.
  • the hydrogen atoms in these structures may be further substituted with a group represented by formula (R-1) described below or a known substituent such as a hydrocarbon group.
  • R 132 is a group containing a structure in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a structure represented by formula (V-4), R 132 is preferably a group represented by formula (V-4-1) below.
  • * represents the bonding site to the four carbonyl groups to which R 132 in formula (4) is bonded
  • n1 represents an integer of 0 to 5.
  • the hydrogen atoms in the structure below may be further substituted with a group represented by formula (R-1) described below or a known substituent such as a hydrocarbon group.
  • R 132 is a group containing a structure obtained by removing two or more hydrogen atoms from the structure represented by formula (V-5)
  • R 132 is preferably a group represented by the following formula (V-5-1).
  • * represents the bonding site with the four carbonyl groups to which R 132 in formula (4) is bonded.
  • the hydrogen atoms in the following structure may be further substituted with known substituents such as hydrocarbon groups.
  • R 132 is a group containing a structure obtained by removing two or more hydrogen atoms from the structure represented by formula (V-6), R 132 is preferably a group represented by the following formula (V-6-1).
  • * represents the bonding site with the four carbonyl groups to which R 132 in formula (4) is bonded.
  • the hydrogen atoms in the following structure may be further substituted with known substituents such as hydrocarbon groups.
  • R 132 is a group containing a structure obtained by removing two or more hydrogen atoms from the structure represented by formula (V-7), R 132 is preferably a group represented by the following formula (V-7-1).
  • * represents the bonding site with the four carbonyl groups to which R 132 in formula (4) is bonded.
  • the hydrogen atoms in the following structure may be further substituted with known substituents such as hydrocarbon groups.
  • R 132 is a group containing a structure obtained by removing two or more hydrogen atoms from the structure represented by formula (V-9), R 132 is preferably a group represented by the following formula (V-9-1).
  • * represents the bonding site with the four carbonyl groups to which R 132 in formula (4) is bonded.
  • the hydrogen atoms in the following structure may be further substituted with known substituents such as hydrocarbon groups.
  • R 132 does not contain an imide group in the structure. In addition, it is preferable that R 132 does not contain a urethane group or a urea group in the structure.
  • R N is preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and even more preferably a hydrogen atom.
  • R 132 does not contain an imide bond, a urethane group, or a urea group.
  • the content of the repeating unit represented by formula (2-1) relative to the total mass of the first specific resin is preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, even more preferably 35% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 40% by mass or more.
  • the upper limit of the content is not particularly limited, and may be 100% by mass.
  • the total content of the repeating unit represented by formula (2-1) and the repeating unit represented by formula (4) relative to the total mass of the first specific resin is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 80% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more.
  • the upper limit of the content is not particularly limited, and may be 100% by mass.
  • the first specific resin when the first specific resin contains a repeating unit represented by formula (2-1), it may contain two or more repeating units represented by formula (2-1) having different structures. In that case, it is preferable that the total amount is within the above range.
  • the first specific resin when the first specific resin contains a repeating unit represented by formula (4), it may contain two or more repeating units represented by formula (4) having different structures. In that case, it is preferable that the total amount is within the above range.
  • the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the first specific resin is preferably 3,000 to 100,000.
  • the lower limit of the Mw is preferably 5,000 or more, more preferably 6,000 or more, and even more preferably 8,000 or more.
  • the upper limit of the Mw is preferably 100,000 or less, more preferably 50,000 or less, and even more preferably 30,000 or less.
  • the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the first specific resin is preferably from 1,000 to 40,000, more preferably from 2,000 to 30,000, and even more preferably from 5,000 to 20,000.
  • the molecular weight dispersity of the first specific resin is preferably 1.5 or more, more preferably 1.8 or more, and even more preferably 2.0 or more.
  • the upper limit of the molecular weight dispersity is not particularly specified, but is, for example, preferably 7.0 or less, more preferably 6.5 or less, even more preferably 6.0 or less, even more preferably 4.5 or less, and particularly preferably 3.0 or less.
  • the dispersity of molecular weight is a value calculated by weight average molecular weight/number average molecular weight.
  • the resin composition contains a plurality of resins as the first specific resin, it is preferable that the weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight, and dispersity of at least one of the resins are within the above ranges. It is also preferable that the weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight, and dispersity calculated by treating the plurality of resins as one resin are each within the above ranges.
  • the imidization rate (also referred to as "ring closure rate") of the first specific resin is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more, from the viewpoints of the film strength, insulating properties, etc. of the resulting organic film.
  • the upper limit of the imidization rate is not particularly limited, and may be 100% or less.
  • the content of the imide group in the first specific resin is preferably 3 mmol/g or less, more preferably 2.5 mmol/g or less.
  • the lower limit of the content is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 0.5 mmol/g or more.
  • the imidization rate is measured, for example, by the following method.
  • the infrared absorption spectrum of the resin is measured to determine the peak intensity P1 near 1377 cm ⁇ 1 , which is an absorption peak derived from imide groups.
  • the resin is heat-treated at 350° C. for 1 hour, and then the infrared absorption spectrum is measured again to determine the peak intensity P2 near 1377 cm ⁇ 1 .
  • the first specific resin is preferably a polyimide obtained by polymerizing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid dianhydride represented by formula (1-1) and a compound represented by formula (1-2) with a diamine compound.
  • the polymerization method includes a polymerization method using a condensing agent, the details of which will be described later.
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more.
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more
  • R21 , R22 , R23 and R24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
  • R 21 and R 23 are organic groups
  • R 22 and R 24 are hydrogen atoms.
  • Preferred embodiments in which R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are organic groups are the same as the preferred embodiments in which V 1 in formula (2-2) described later is an organic group.
  • the second resin composition contains a polyimide precursor (second specific resin) that includes a repeating unit represented by formula (2-2).
  • X3 represents a group represented by formula (4-1)
  • Y2 represents an organic group having 4 or more carbon atoms
  • V1 and V2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
  • R3 each independently represent a structure represented by formula (R-1) below
  • n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
  • L 3 R1 represents a linking group having a valence of a1+1
  • a 3 R1 represents a polymerizable group
  • a1 represents an integer of 1 or more
  • * represents a bonding site with Y 2 in formula (2-2).
  • the second specific resin preferably has a polymerizable group.
  • the preferred embodiments of the polymerizable group in the second specific resin are the same as the preferred embodiments of the polymerizable group in the first specific resin.
  • V1 and V2 contains a polymerizable group.
  • An embodiment in which both V1 and V2 contain a polymerizable group is also one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the polymerizable group in V1 and V2 include a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group, and a benzoxazolyl group, and the like, with the group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond being preferred.
  • Examples of the group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a vinylphenyl group, a (meth)acryloyl group, a maleimide group, and a (meth)acrylamide group.
  • (meth)acryloyl group, (meth)acrylamide group, vinylphenyl group, and maleimide group are preferred, and from the viewpoint of reactivity, (meth)acryloyl group is more preferred.
  • vinylphenyl group and maleimide group are preferred.
  • the group containing a polymerizable group in V1 or V2 is preferably a group represented by the following formula (III).
  • R 200 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a methylol group, and is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
  • * represents a bonding site with another structure.
  • R 201 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, —CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 —, a cycloalkylene group or a polyalkyleneoxy group.
  • R 201 examples include alkylene groups such as ethylene group, propylene group, trimethylene group, tetramethylene group, pentamethylene group, hexamethylene group, octamethylene group, and dodecamethylene group, 1,2-butanediyl group, 1,3-butanediyl group, -CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 -, and polyalkyleneoxy groups, of which alkylene groups such as ethylene group and propylene group, -CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 -, cyclohexyl group, and polyalkyleneoxy groups are more preferred, and alkylene groups such as ethylene group and propylene group, or polyalkyleneoxy groups are even more preferred.
  • alkylene groups such as ethylene group, propylene group, trimethylene group, tetramethylene group, pentamethylene group, hexamethylene group, octamethylene group, and dodecamethylene group, 1,2-butanediyl group, 1,3-but
  • the polyalkyleneoxy group refers to a group in which two or more alkyleneoxy groups are directly bonded.
  • the alkylene groups in the multiple alkyleneoxy groups contained in the polyalkyleneoxy group may be the same or different.
  • the arrangement of the alkyleneoxy groups in the polyalkyleneoxy group may be a random arrangement, an arrangement having blocks, or an arrangement having a pattern such as alternating.
  • the number of carbon atoms in the alkylene group (including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent, when the alkylene group has a substituent) is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 2 to 10, even more preferably 2 to 6, even more preferably 2 to 5, still more preferably 2 to 4, even more preferably 2 or 3, and particularly preferably 2.
  • the alkylene group may have a substituent, and preferred examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom.
  • the number of alkyleneoxy groups contained in the polyalkyleneoxy group (the number of repeating polyalkyleneoxy groups) is preferably 2-20, more preferably 2-10, and even more preferably 2-6.
  • the polyalkyleneoxy group is preferably a polyethyleneoxy group, a polypropyleneoxy group, a polytrimethyleneoxy group, a polytetramethyleneoxy group, or a group in which multiple ethyleneoxy groups and multiple propyleneoxy groups are bonded, more preferably a polyethyleneoxy group or a polypropyleneoxy group, and even more preferably a polyethyleneoxy group.
  • the ethyleneoxy groups and the propyleneoxy groups may be arranged randomly, may be arranged in blocks, or may be arranged in a pattern such as alternating. The preferred embodiment of the number of repetitions of the ethyleneoxy group in these groups is as described above.
  • V 1 and V 2 are organic groups not containing a polymerizable group, they are preferably linear or branched alkyl groups, cyclic alkyl groups, aromatic groups, or polyalkyleneoxy groups.
  • the second specific resin may form a counter salt with a tertiary amine compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
  • a tertiary amine compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate.
  • n is preferably an integer of 1 to 4, more preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and even more preferably 1 or 2.
  • n being 0 is also one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the second specific resin may contain a repeating unit represented by formula (2).
  • a repeating unit corresponding to the repeating unit represented by formula (2-2) does not correspond to the repeating unit represented by formula (2).
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent an oxygen atom or -NRz-
  • R111 represents a divalent organic group
  • R115 represents a tetravalent organic group
  • R113 and R114 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
  • Rz represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
  • a 1 and A 2 each independently represent an oxygen atom or —NR z —, and preferably an oxygen atom.
  • Rz represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and is preferably a hydrogen atom.
  • Preferred embodiments of R 111 and R 115 in formula (2) are the same as the preferred embodiments of R 131 and R 132 in formula (4) described above.
  • Preferred embodiments of R 113 and R 114 in formula (2) are the same as the preferred embodiments of V 1 and V 2 in formula (2-2) described above.
  • the content of the repeating unit represented by formula (2-2) relative to the total mass of the second specific resin is preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, even more preferably 35% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 40% by mass or more.
  • the upper limit of the content is not particularly limited, and may be 100% by mass.
  • the total content of the repeating unit represented by formula (2-2) and the repeating unit represented by formula (2) relative to the total mass of the second specific resin is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 80% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more.
  • the upper limit of the content is not particularly limited, and may be 100% by mass.
  • the second specific resin contains a repeating unit represented by formula (2-2), it may contain two or more repeating units represented by formula (2-2) having different structures. In that case, it is preferable that the total amount is within the above range.
  • the second specific resin contains a repeating unit represented by formula (2), it may contain two or more repeating units represented by formula (2) having different structures. In that case, it is preferable that the total amount is within the above range.
  • the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the second specific resin is preferably 3,000 to 100,000.
  • the lower limit of the Mw is preferably 5,000 or more, more preferably 6,000 or more, and even more preferably 8,000 or more.
  • the upper limit of the Mw is preferably 100,000 or less, more preferably 50,000 or less, and even more preferably 30,000 or less.
  • the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the second specific resin is preferably from 1,000 to 40,000, more preferably from 2,000 to 30,000, and even more preferably from 5,000 to 20,000.
  • the molecular weight dispersity of the second specific resin is preferably 1.5 or more, more preferably 1.8 or more, and even more preferably 2.0 or more.
  • the upper limit of the molecular weight dispersity is not particularly specified, but is, for example, preferably 7.0 or less, more preferably 6.5 or less, even more preferably 6.0 or less, even more preferably 4.5 or less, and particularly preferably 3.0 or less.
  • the weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight, and dispersity of at least one of the resins are within the above ranges. It is also preferable that the weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight, and dispersity calculated by treating the plurality of resins as one resin are each within the above ranges.
  • the imidization rate (also called the "ring closure rate") of the second specific resin is preferably less than 70%, more preferably 50% or less, and even more preferably 30% or less. There is no particular lower limit to the imidization rate, and it may be 0% or more.
  • the second specific resin is preferably a polyimide precursor obtained by polymerizing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid dianhydride represented by formula (1-1) and a compound represented by formula (1-2) with a diamine compound.
  • the polymerization method includes a polymerization method using a condensing agent, and the details will be described later.
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more.
  • A1 and A2 each independently represent a single bond, an amide group or an ester group
  • A3 each independently represent a divalent linking group
  • X1 represents an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms
  • n represents an integer of 1 or more
  • R21 , R22 , R23 and R24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
  • R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are preferably hydrogen atoms.
  • Preferred embodiments in which R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are organic groups are the same as the preferred embodiments in which V 1 in formula (2-2) is an organic group.
  • the molar content (polymerizable group value) of the polymerizable group contained in 1 g of the specific resin is preferably 0.2 to 5.0 mmol/g, more preferably 0.3 to 4.5 mmol/g, and even more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mmol/g.
  • the molar amount of the radically polymerizable group contained in 1 g of the specific resin (radical polymerizable group value) is preferably 0.2 to 5.0 mmol/g, more preferably 0.3 to 4.5 mmol/g, and even more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mmol/g.
  • the molar amount of the ethylenically unsaturated group contained in 1 g of the specific resin is preferably 0.2 to 5.0 mmol/g, more preferably 0.3 to 4.5 mmol/g, and even more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mmol/g.
  • the molar amount of vinylphenyl groups contained in 1 g of the specific resin (vinylphenyl group value) is preferably 0.2 to 5.0 mmol/g, more preferably 0.3 to 4.5 mmol/g, and even more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mmol/g.
  • the resin composition of the present invention contains, as the specific resin, a resin P-1 having an amino group which may be protected, and a resin P-2 having a structure A in which two groups selected from the group consisting of a carboxylate group and a carboxy group which may be protected are linked by a linking group having a linking chain length of 2 to 4.
  • resin P-1 may be a resin corresponding to the first specific resin or a resin corresponding to the second specific resin
  • resin P-2 may be a resin corresponding to the first specific resin or a resin corresponding to the second specific resin.
  • the amino group present in the resin P-1 and the protected amino group are collectively referred to as the specific substituent Sub-1.
  • a group containing Structure A which is a structure in which two groups selected from the group consisting of a carboxylate group and an optionally protected carboxy group present in Resin P-2 are linked via a linking group having a linking chain length of 2 to 4, is also referred to as Specific Substituent Sub-2.
  • Resin P-1 preferably has a group represented by the following formula (R T ) as the optionally protected amino group.
  • T 1 represents a monovalent organic group.
  • T 1 is preferably an alkyl group or an alkyl group substituted with a ring structure, more preferably a tertiary alkyl group or a methyl group substituted with a ring structure, and further preferably a t-butyl group or a 9-fluorenylmethyl group.
  • the specific substituent Sub-1 may be present at the side chain terminal of the resin P-1, but is preferably present at the main chain terminal.
  • the content of the specific substituent Sub-1 in the resin P-1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 2 mmol/g, more preferably 0.05 to 1 mmol/g, and even more preferably 0.15 to 0.75 mmol/g.
  • the number of specific substituents Sub-1 in the resin P-1 is preferably 2 to 10 per molecule, more preferably 2 to 4, and even more preferably 2.
  • Resin P-2 preferably contains, as the specific substituent Sub-2, a group represented by any one of the following formulae (S-1) to (S-4).
  • R S1 represents -OH, -O - , or -O-R S2
  • R S2 represents a protecting group
  • Cy represents an aliphatic ring structure
  • L 1 represents a single bond or an aliphatic group having a linking chain length of 1 or 2
  • n represents an integer of 1 or 2
  • * represents a bonding site with another structure.
  • R S1 is preferably -OH or -O - .
  • R S1 When R S1 is -O - , the counter cation is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a proton, a metal cation such as Na + or K + , an ammonium cation, and an iminium cation.
  • R S1 represents —O—R S2
  • R S2 is preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably a t-butyl group. Cy preferably has a cycloalkane structure, and more preferably has a cyclohexane ring structure. It is preferred that n is 1.
  • L 1 is preferably a single bond, a methylene group or an ethylene group, more preferably a single bond.
  • resin P-2 preferably contains, as specific substituent Sub-2, a group represented by either formula (CA-1) or formula (CA-2) below.
  • R C1 each independently represents -OH, -O - , or -O-R C
  • R C represents an organic group
  • R C2 represents a substituent
  • a represents an integer of 0 to 3
  • * represents a bonding site to another structure
  • b represents 1 or 2
  • the sum of a and b is 4 or less.
  • R C1 each independently represents -OH, -O - , or -O-R C
  • R C represents an organic group
  • R C2 represents a substituent
  • a represents an integer of 0 to 9
  • * represents a bonding site to another structure
  • b represents 1 or 2
  • the sum of a and b is 10 or less.
  • R C1 is preferably —OH or —O — .
  • the counter cation is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a proton, a metal cation such as Na + or K + , an ammonium cation, and an iminium cation.
  • R C1 is —O—R C
  • R C is preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably a t-butyl group.
  • R C2 is preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group, and more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • a is preferably 0 or 1.
  • b is preferably 1.
  • R C1 , R C2 , a and b are the same as the preferred embodiments of R C1 , R C2 , a and b in formula (CA-1).
  • the specific resin can be obtained by, for example, a method of reacting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride with a diamine at low temperature, a method of reacting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride with a diamine at low temperature to obtain a polyamic acid, and then esterifying the polyamic acid using a condensing agent or an alkylating agent, a method of obtaining an ester compound (e.g., a diester) from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and an alcohol, and then reacting the ester compound with a diamine in the presence of a condensing agent, a method of obtaining an ester compound (e.g., a diester) from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and an alcohol, and then acid-halogenating the remaining dicarboxylic acid using a halogenating agent, and then reacting the ester compound with a diamine
  • the method of obtaining an ester compound (e.g., a diester) from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and an alcohol, and then acid-halogenating the remaining dicarboxylic acid using a halogenating agent, and then reacting the ester compound with a diamine is more preferable.
  • the specific resin can be obtained by using, as the tetracarboxylic dianhydride or its ester compound, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the carboxylic dianhydride represented by formula (1-1) and the compound represented by formula (1-2).
  • the polymerizable group can be introduced into the resin.
  • a polymerizable group can be introduced into a resin by using a compound containing a reactive group such as a hydroxy group as the tetracarboxylic dianhydride or diamine, introducing the reactive group into the resin, and then reacting a compound having a polymerizable group and a group that forms a covalent bond with the reactive group such as a carboxy group or an isocyanate group.
  • known methods may be referred to.
  • Examples of the condensing agent include dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide, 1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline, 1,1-carbonyldioxy-di-1,2,3-benzotriazole, N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate, and trifluoroacetic anhydride.
  • Examples of the alkylating agent include N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, N,N-dimethylformamide diethyl acetal, N,N-dialkylformamide dialkyl acetal, trimethyl orthoformate, and triethyl orthoformate.
  • the halogenating agent examples include thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, and the like.
  • the resin obtained by the above method can be completely imidized by a known imidization reaction method, or the imidization reaction is stopped midway and some imide groups are introduced, or further, a completely imidized polymer is blended with a polyimide precursor to introduce some imide groups. Other known methods for synthesizing polyimides can also be applied.
  • an organic solvent in the reaction.
  • the organic solvent may be one type or two or more types.
  • the organic solvent can be appropriately selected depending on the raw material, and examples thereof include pyridine, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme), N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, ethyl propionate, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, and ⁇ -butyrolactone.
  • a basic compound may be one type or two or more types.
  • the basic compound can be appropriately selected depending on the raw material, and examples thereof include triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, and N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine.
  • -End-capping agent- In the method for producing the specific resin, in order to further improve storage stability, it is preferable to cap the carboxylic acid anhydride, acid anhydride derivative, or amino group remaining at the resin terminal of the specific resin.
  • examples of the terminal capping agent include monoalcohols, phenols, thiols, thiophenols, monoamines, etc., and it is more preferable to use monoalcohols, phenols, or monoamines from the viewpoint of reactivity and film stability.
  • Examples of preferred monoalcohol compounds include primary alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, octanol, dodecinol, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-chloromethanol, and furfuryl alcohol; secondary alcohols such as isopropanol, 2-butanol, cyclohexyl alcohol, cyclopentanol, and 1-methoxy-2-propanol; and tertiary alcohols such as t-butyl alcohol and adamantane alcohol.
  • primary alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, octanol, dodecinol, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-chloromethanol, and furfuryl alcohol
  • secondary alcohols such as isopropanol, 2-butanol, cyclo
  • Preferred phenolic compounds include phenols such as phenol, methoxyphenol, methylphenol, naphthalene-1-ol, naphthalene-2-ol, and hydroxystyrene.
  • Preferred monoamine compounds include aniline, 2-ethynylaniline, 3-ethynylaniline, 4-ethynylaniline, 5-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline, 1-hydroxy-7-aminonaphthalene, 1-hydroxy-6-aminonaphthalene, 1-hydroxy-5-aminonaphthalene, 1-hydroxy-4-aminonaphthalene, 2-hydroxy-7-aminonaphthalene, 2-hydroxy-6-aminonaphthalene, 2-hydroxy-5-aminonaphthalene, 1-carboxy-7-aminonaphthalene, 1-carboxy-6-aminonaphthalene, 1-carboxy-5-aminonaphthalene, Examples of such an acid include 2-carboxy-7-aminonaphthalene, 2-car
  • blocking agents for the amino group include carboxylic acid anhydrides, carboxylic acid chlorides, carboxylic acid bromides, sulfonic acid chlorides, sulfonic acid anhydrides, sulfonic acid carboxylic acid anhydrides, and the like, and more preferred are carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid chlorides.
  • Preferred compounds of carboxylic acid anhydrides include acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, oxalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, benzoic anhydride, 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, and the like.
  • carboxylic acid chloride examples include acetyl chloride, acrylic acid chloride, propionyl chloride, methacrylic acid chloride, pivaloyl chloride, cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride, 2-ethylhexanoyl chloride, cinnamoyl chloride, 1-adamantanecarbonyl chloride, heptafluorobutyryl chloride, stearic acid chloride, and benzoyl chloride.
  • the method for producing the specific resin may include a step of precipitating a solid. Specifically, after filtering off the water-absorbing by-product of the dehydration condensation agent coexisting in the reaction liquid as necessary, the obtained polymer component is put into a poor solvent such as water, aliphatic lower alcohol, or a mixture thereof, and the polymer component is precipitated as a solid, and then dried to obtain the specific resin. In order to improve the degree of purification, the specific resin may be repeatedly subjected to operations such as redissolving, reprecipitating, and drying. Furthermore, the method may include a step of removing ionic impurities using an ion exchange resin.
  • Specific examples of the specific resin include SP-1 to SP-17 and SA-1 to SA-7 in the examples described below, but the present invention is not limited to these.
  • the content of the specific resin in the resin composition of the present invention is preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, even more preferably 40% by mass or more, even more preferably 50% by mass or more, and most preferably 60% by mass or more, based on the total solid content of the resin composition.
  • the content of the specific resin in the resin composition of the present invention is preferably 99.5% by mass or less, more preferably 99% by mass or less, even more preferably 98% by mass or less, even more preferably 97% by mass or less, and even more preferably 95% by mass or less, based on the total solid content of the resin composition.
  • the resin composition of the present invention may contain other resins (hereinafter, simply referred to as "other resins") different from the specific resins described above.
  • other resins are resins different from the specific resin, and include polyimide precursors, polyimides, polybenzoxazole precursors, polybenzoxazoles, polyamideimide precursors, polyamideimides, phenolic resins, polyamides, epoxy resins, polysiloxanes, resins containing a siloxane structure, (meth)acrylic resins, (meth)acrylamide resins, urethane resins, butyral resins, styryl resins, polyether resins, and polyester resins.
  • polyimide precursors include the compounds described in paragraphs 0017 to 0138 of WO 2022/145355. The above descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the content of the other resins is preferably 0.01 mass% or more, more preferably 0.05 mass% or more, even more preferably 1 mass% or more, still more preferably 2 mass% or more, even more preferably 5 mass% or more, and even more preferably 10 mass% or more, based on the total solid content of the resin composition.
  • the content of other resins in the resin composition of the present invention is preferably 80 mass% or less, more preferably 75 mass% or less, even more preferably 70 mass% or less, still more preferably 60 mass% or less, and even more preferably 50 mass% or less, based on the total solid content of the resin composition.
  • the content of the other resin may be low.
  • the content of the other resin is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 15% by mass or less, even more preferably 10% by mass or less, even more preferably 5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 1% by mass or less, based on the total solid content of the resin composition.
  • the lower limit of the content is not particularly limited, and may be 0% by mass or more.
  • the resin composition of the present invention may contain only one type of other resin, or may contain two or more types. When two or more types are contained, the total amount is preferably in the above range.
  • the resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a compound having an optionally protected amino group (also referred to as "compound A").
  • the compound corresponding to the above-mentioned resin P-1 is not considered to be the compound A.
  • the molecular weight of the resin can be increased during heating or the like due to the reaction between resin P-2 and compound A, which may improve elongation at break, chemical resistance, etc.
  • the molecular weight of resin P-2 added initially can be made lower than in the past. This also makes it possible to improve the resolution.
  • the molecular weight of compound A is preferably 100 to 1,000, and more preferably 150 to 500.
  • the number of optionally protected amino groups in compound A is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 2 to 4, and even more preferably 2.
  • the optionally protected amino group in compound A is preferably a group represented by the above formula (R T ).
  • the content of compound A is preferably 0.1 to 10 mass %, more preferably 0.5 to 5 mass %, based on the total solid content of the resin composition.
  • the resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a compound having a structure A in which two groups selected from the group consisting of a carboxylate group and an optionally protected carboxy group are linked by a linking group having a linking chain length of 2 to 4 (also referred to as "compound A").
  • the compound corresponding to the above-mentioned resin P-2 is not considered to be the compound B.
  • the molecular weight of the resin can be increased during heating or the like due to a reaction between resin P-1 and compound B, which may improve elongation at break, chemical resistance, etc.
  • the molecular weight of resin P-1 added initially can itself be made lower than in the past. This also makes it possible to improve the resolution.
  • the molecular weight of compound B is preferably 100 to 1,000, and more preferably 150 to 500.
  • the number of structures A in compound B is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 2 to 4, and even more preferably 2.
  • the group containing Structure A in Compound B is preferably a group represented by any one of Formulas (S-1) to (S-4) above, and more preferably a group represented by any one of Formulas (CA-1) or (CA-2) above.
  • the content of compound B is preferably 0.1 to 10 mass %, more preferably 0.5 to 5 mass %, based on the total solid content of the resin composition.
  • the resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a polymerizable compound.
  • the melting point of the polymerizable compound is preferably 25° C. or lower. By adjusting the melting point to 25° C. or less, the coating film becomes more fluid when dried and heated, and the flatness of the cured product can be improved.
  • the polymerizable compound it is preferable for the polymerizable compound to contain a compound with a ClogP value of 3.0 or more, and it is even more preferable for the polymerizable compound to contain a compound with a ClogP value of 3.0 or more and an aromatic ring structure or an aliphatic ring structure with 6 or more carbon atoms.
  • the ClogP value is the calculated common logarithm logP of the partition coefficient P between 1-octanol and water. Any known method or software can be used to calculate the ClogP value, but unless otherwise specified, the present invention uses the ClogP program built into the PCModels system from Daylight Chemical Information Systems.
  • the ClogP value is preferably 4.0 or more, and more preferably 6.0 or more. Further, the upper limit of the ClogP value is not particularly limited, but is preferably 15.0 or less.
  • the aromatic ring structure may be an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocycle, but is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, more preferably one containing a benzene ring, and is preferably a condensed ring such as a fluorene ring from the viewpoint of reducing the dielectric constant of the cured product.
  • the aliphatic ring structure having 6 or more carbon atoms is preferably an aliphatic ring structure having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably an aliphatic ring structure having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of the aliphatic ring structure having 6 or more carbon atoms include a monocyclic ring such as a cyclohexane ring, and a polycyclic ring such as a dicyclopentane ring or a tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2,6 ]decane ring, with a polycyclic ring being preferred.
  • the polymerizable compound having a ClogP value of 3.0 or more is preferably a compound containing a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, more preferably a compound containing two or more groups having an ethylenically unsaturated bond. Also, it is preferably a compound containing two groups having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
  • the polymerizable compound having a ClogP value of 3.0 or more is preferably a compound corresponding to a radical crosslinking agent described later.
  • polymerizable compound having a ClogP value of 3.0 or more include the following compounds, but are not limited thereto.
  • the polymerizable compound may be a polymerizable compound having a radical polymerizable group (radical crosslinking agent) or another crosslinking agent.
  • the resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a radical crosslinking agent.
  • the radical crosslinking agent is a compound having a radical polymerizable group.
  • the radical polymerizable group is preferably a group containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
  • Examples of the group containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a vinylphenyl group, a (meth)acryloyl group, a maleimide group, and a (meth)acrylamide group.
  • a (meth)acryloyl group, a (meth)acrylamide group, and a vinylphenyl group are preferred, and from the viewpoint of reactivity, a (meth)acryloyl group is more preferred.
  • the radical crosslinking agent is preferably a compound having one or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds, more preferably a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds.
  • the radical crosslinking agent may have three or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds.
  • a compound having 2 to 15 ethylenically unsaturated bonds is preferable, a compound having 2 to 10 ethylenically unsaturated bonds is more preferable, and a compound having 2 to 6 ethylenically unsaturated bonds is even more preferable.
  • the resin composition of the present invention contains a compound having two ethylenically unsaturated bonds and the above-mentioned compound having three or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds.
  • the molecular weight of the radical crosslinking agent is preferably 2,000 or less, more preferably 1,500 or less, and even more preferably 900 or less.
  • the lower limit of the molecular weight of the radical crosslinking agent is preferably 100 or more.
  • radical crosslinking agents include unsaturated carboxylic acids (e.g., acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, etc.) and their esters and amides, preferably esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohol compounds, and amides of unsaturated carboxylic acids and polyamine compounds.
  • unsaturated carboxylic acids e.g., acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, etc.
  • esters and amides preferably esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohol compounds
  • amides of unsaturated carboxylic acids and polyamine compounds amides of unsaturated carboxylic acids and polyamine compounds.
  • addition reaction products of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters or amides having nucleophilic substituents such as hydroxyl groups, amino groups, and sulfanyl groups with mono
  • addition reaction products of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters or amides having electrophilic substituents such as isocyanate groups and epoxy groups with monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohols, amines, and thiols, and substitution reaction products of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters or amides having eliminable substituents such as halogeno groups and tosyloxy groups with monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohols, amines, and thiols are also suitable.
  • the radical crosslinking agent is preferably a compound having a boiling point of 100°C or higher under normal pressure.
  • Examples of compounds having a boiling point of 100°C or higher under normal pressure include the compounds described in paragraph 0203 of WO 2021/112189, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • radical crosslinking agents other than those mentioned above include the radical polymerizable compounds described in paragraphs 0204 to 0208 of WO 2021/112189, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the radical crosslinking agent is preferably dipentaerythritol triacrylate (commercially available products include KAYARAD D-330 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.)), dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate (commercially available products include KAYARAD D-320 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) and A-TMMT (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.)), dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate (commercially available products include KAYARAD D-310 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.)), dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate (commercially available products include KAYARAD DPHA (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) and A-DPH (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.)), and structures in
  • radical crosslinking agents include, for example, SR-494, a tetrafunctional acrylate with four ethyleneoxy chains, SR-209, 231, and 239, which are difunctional methacrylates with four ethyleneoxy chains (all manufactured by Sartomer Corporation), DPCA-60, a hexafunctional acrylate with six pentyleneoxy chains, TPA-330, a trifunctional acrylate with three isobutyleneoxy chains (all manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), and urethane oligomers.
  • SR-494 a tetrafunctional acrylate with four ethyleneoxy chains
  • SR-209, 231, and 239 which are difunctional methacrylates with four ethyleneoxy chains (all manufactured by Sartomer Corporation)
  • DPCA-60 a hexafunctional acrylate with six pentyleneoxy chains
  • TPA-330 a trifunctional acrylate with three isobutyleneoxy chains (all manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.)
  • esters examples include UAS-10 and UAB-140 (all manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.), NK Ester M-40G, NK Ester 4G, NK Ester M-9300, NK Ester A-9300, and UA-7200 (all manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), DPHA-40H (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), UA-306H, UA-306T, UA-306I, AH-600, T-600, and AI-600 (all manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), and Blenmar PME 400 (manufactured by NOF Corp.).
  • radical crosslinking agents urethane acrylates such as those described in JP-B-48-041708, JP-A-51-037193, JP-B-02-032293, and JP-B-02-016765, and urethane compounds having an ethylene oxide skeleton described in JP-B-58-049860, JP-B-56-017654, JP-B-62-039417, and JP-B-62-039418 are also suitable.
  • radical crosslinking agents compounds having an amino structure or sulfide structure in the molecule, as described in JP-A-63-277653, JP-A-63-260909, and JP-A-01-105238, can also be used.
  • the radical crosslinking agent may be a radical crosslinking agent having an acid group such as a carboxy group or a phosphate group.
  • the radical crosslinking agent having an acid group is preferably an ester of an aliphatic polyhydroxy compound and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and more preferably a radical crosslinking agent in which an acid group is provided by reacting an unreacted hydroxy group of an aliphatic polyhydroxy compound with a non-aromatic carboxylic anhydride.
  • a radical crosslinking agent in which an acid group is provided by reacting an unreacted hydroxy group of an aliphatic polyhydroxy compound with a non-aromatic carboxylic anhydride, in which the aliphatic polyhydroxy compound is pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol.
  • examples of commercially available products include polybasic acid modified acrylic oligomers manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd., such as M-510 and M-520.
  • the acid value of the radical crosslinking agent having an acid group is preferably 0.1 to 300 mgKOH/g, more preferably 1 to 100 mgKOH/g. If the acid value of the radical crosslinking agent is within the above range, the agent has excellent handling properties during production and developability. In addition, the agent has good polymerizability. The acid value is measured in accordance with the description of JIS K 0070:1992.
  • radical crosslinking agent a radical crosslinking agent having at least one bond selected from the group consisting of a urea bond and a urethane bond (hereinafter, also referred to as "crosslinking agent U") is also preferred.
  • crosslinking agent U the above-mentioned crosslinking agent U or a radical crosslinking agent having an isocyanuric ring structure is preferred, and a radical crosslinking agent having a urea bond or an isocyanuric ring structure is more preferred.
  • the resin composition contains the crosslinking agent U, the chemical resistance, resolution, and the like may be improved.
  • the mechanism by which the above-mentioned effect is obtained is unclear; however, it is considered that, for example, a part of the crosslinking agent U is thermally decomposed during curing by heating or the like, thereby generating amines, etc., and the above amines, etc. promote the cyclization of the precursor of the cyclized resin, such as a polyimide precursor.
  • the crosslinking agent U may have only one urea bond or one urethane bond, may have one or more urea bonds and one or more urethane bonds, may have no urethane bonds but two or more urea bonds, or may have no urea bonds but two or more urethane bonds.
  • the total number of urea bonds and urethane bonds in the crosslinking agent U is 1 or more, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 4, and even more preferably 1 or 2.
  • the number of urea bonds in crosslinking agent U is 1 or more, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 4, and even more preferably 1 or 2.
  • the number of urethane bonds in crosslinking agent U is 1 or more, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 4, and even more preferably 1 or 2.
  • the radical polymerizable group in the crosslinking agent U is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a (meth)acryloyl group, a (meth)acryloxy group, a (meth)acrylamide group, a vinylphenyl group, and a maleimide group. Of these, a (meth)acryloxy group, a (meth)acrylamide group, a vinylphenyl group, or a maleimide group is preferred, and a (meth)acryloxy group is more preferred.
  • the crosslinking agent U has two or more radically polymerizable groups, the structures of the respective radically polymerizable groups may be the same or different.
  • the number of radical polymerizable groups in the crosslinking agent U may be only one or may be two or more, and is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 6, and particularly preferably 1 to 4.
  • the radically polymerizable group value (mass of compound per mole of radically polymerizable group) in the crosslinking agent U is preferably 150 to 400 g/mol.
  • the lower limit of the radically polymerizable group value is more preferably 200 g/mol or more, even more preferably 210 g/mol or more, even more preferably 220 g/mol or more, even more preferably 230 g/mol or more, even more preferably 240 g/mol or more, and particularly preferably 250 g/mol or more.
  • the upper limit of the radically polymerizable group value is more preferably 350 g/mol or less, further preferably 330 g/mol or less, and particularly preferably 300 g/mol or less.
  • the polymerizable group value of the crosslinking agent U is preferably from 210 to 400 g/mol, and more preferably from 220 to 400 g/mol.
  • the crosslinking agent U preferably has a structure represented by the following formula (U-1), for example.
  • R U1 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
  • A is -O- or -NR N -
  • R N is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
  • Z U1 is an m-valent organic group
  • Z U2 is an (n+1)-valent organic group
  • X is a radical polymerizable group
  • n is an integer of 1 or more
  • m is an integer of 1 or more.
  • R U1 is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom.
  • R 3 N is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom.
  • the above-mentioned hydrocarbon group is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 20 or less carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrocarbon group having 18 or less carbon atoms, and even more preferably a hydrocarbon group having 16 or less carbon atoms.
  • the above-mentioned hydrocarbon group includes a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a group represented by a combination thereof.
  • R N represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and is preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and even more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
  • the hydrocarbon group includes the same as those exemplified for ZU1 , and preferred embodiments are also the same.
  • X is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a (meth)acryloyl group, a (meth)acryloxy group, a (meth)acrylamide group, a vinylphenyl group, and a maleimide group.
  • a (meth)acryloxy group, a (meth)acrylamide group, a vinylphenyl group, or a maleimide group is preferable, and a (meth)acryloxy group is more preferable.
  • n is preferably an integer of 1 to 10, more preferably an integer of 1 to 4, even more preferably 1 or 2, and particularly preferably 1.
  • m is preferably an integer of 1 to 10, more preferably an integer of 1 to 4, and further preferably 1 or 2.
  • the cross-linking agent U has at least one of a hydroxy group, an alkyleneoxy group, an amide group, and a cyano group.
  • the hydroxy group may be an alcoholic hydroxy group or a phenolic hydroxy group, but is preferably an alcoholic hydroxy group.
  • the alkyleneoxy group is preferably an alkyleneoxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyleneoxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, even more preferably an alkyleneoxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, still more preferably an ethylene group or a propylene group, and particularly preferably an ethylene group.
  • the alkyleneoxy group may be contained as a polyalkyleneoxy group in the crosslinking agent U.
  • the number of repetitions of the alkyleneoxy group is preferably 2 to 10, and more preferably 2 to 6.
  • crosslinking agent U has an amide group
  • R represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
  • the crosslinking agent U may have, in the molecule, two or more structures selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, an alkyleneoxy group (when a polyalkyleneoxy group is formed, the group is a polyalkyleneoxy group), an amide group, and a cyano group. An embodiment having only one such structure in the molecule is also preferred.
  • the hydroxy group, alkyleneoxy group, amide group and cyano group may be present at any position of the crosslinking agent U.
  • the crosslinking agent U is such that at least one selected from the group consisting of the hydroxy group, alkyleneoxy group, amide group and cyano group and at least one radical polymerizable group contained in the crosslinking agent U are linked via a linking group containing a urea bond or a urethane bond (hereinafter, also referred to as "linking group L2-1").
  • the crosslinking agent U contains only one radically polymerizable group
  • the radically polymerizable group contained in the crosslinking agent U and at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, an alkyleneoxy group, an amide group, and a cyano group are linked via a linking group containing a urea bond or a urethane bond (hereinafter also referred to as "linking group L2-2").
  • the crosslinking agent U contains an alkyleneoxy group (however, when a polyalkyleneoxy group is constituted, a polyalkyleneoxy group) and has the linking group L2-1 or the linking group L2-2
  • the structure bonded to the side of the alkyleneoxy group (however, when a polyalkyleneoxy group is constituted, a polyalkyleneoxy group) opposite to the linking group L2-1 or the linking group L2-2 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a hydrocarbon group, a radically polymerizable group, or a group represented by a combination thereof.
  • hydrocarbon group a hydrocarbon group having 20 or less carbon atoms is preferable, a hydrocarbon group having 18 or less carbon atoms is more preferable, and a hydrocarbon group having 16 or less carbon atoms is even more preferable.
  • hydrocarbon group a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a group represented by a bond thereof can be mentioned.
  • a preferred embodiment of the radically polymerizable group is the same as the preferred embodiment of the radically polymerizable group in the crosslinking agent U described above.
  • the structure bonded to the side of the amide group opposite to the linking group L2-1 or the linking group L2-2 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a hydrocarbon group, a radically polymerizable group, or a group represented by a combination thereof.
  • the hydrocarbon group is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 20 or less carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrocarbon group having 18 or less carbon atoms, and even more preferably a hydrocarbon group having 16 or less carbon atoms.
  • examples of the hydrocarbon group include saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, aromatic hydrocarbon groups, and groups represented by a bond between these groups.
  • a preferred embodiment of the radically polymerizable group is the same as the preferred embodiment of the radically polymerizable group in the crosslinking agent U described above.
  • the carbon atom side of the amide group may be bonded to the linking group L2-1 or the linking group L2-2, or the nitrogen atom side of the amide group may be bonded to the linking group L2-1 or the linking group L2-2.
  • the crosslinking agent U has a hydroxy group.
  • the crosslinking agent U preferably contains an aromatic group.
  • the aromatic group is preferably directly bonded to a urea bond or a urethane bond contained in the crosslinking agent U.
  • the crosslinking agent U contains two or more urea bonds or urethane bonds, it is preferable that one of the urea bonds or urethane bonds is directly bonded to the aromatic group.
  • the aromatic group may be an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, or may have a structure in which these form a condensed ring, but is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and even more preferably a group in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a benzene ring structure.
  • the aromatic heterocyclic group is preferably a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group.
  • aromatic heterocyclic ring in such an aromatic heterocyclic group examples include pyrrole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, pyrazole, furan, thiophene, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine, etc. These rings may be further condensed with other rings, such as indole and benzimidazole.
  • the heteroatom contained in the aromatic heterocyclic group is preferably a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
  • the aromatic group is preferably contained in a linking group that links two or more radically polymerizable groups and contains a urea bond or a urethane bond, or a linking group that links at least one selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned hydroxy group, alkyleneoxy group, amide group, and cyano group to at least one radically polymerizable group contained in the crosslinking agent U.
  • the number of atoms (linking chain length) between the urea bond or urethane bond and the radical polymerizable group in the crosslinking agent U is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 or less, more preferably 2 to 20, and even more preferably 2 to 10.
  • the crosslinking agent U contains two or more urea bonds or urethane bonds in total, when it contains two or more radically polymerizable groups, or when it contains two or more urea bonds or urethane bonds and two or more radically polymerizable groups, the minimum number of atoms (linking chain length) between the urea bond or urethane bond and the radically polymerizable group may be within the above range.
  • the "number of atoms (linking chain length) between a urea bond or a urethane bond and a polymerizable group” refers to the chain of atoms on the path connecting two atoms or groups of atoms to be linked that links these objects with the shortest length (minimum number of atoms).
  • the number of atoms (linking chain length) between the urea bond and the radical polymerizable group (methacryloyloxy group) is 2.
  • the crosslinking agent U is a compound having a structure that does not have an axis of symmetry.
  • the fact that the crosslinking agent U does not have an axis of symmetry means that the compound is a bilaterally asymmetric compound that does not have an axis that would produce an identical molecule to the original molecule by rotating the entire compound.
  • the structural formula of the crosslinking agent U is written on paper, the fact that the crosslinking agent U does not have an axis of symmetry means that the structural formula of the crosslinking agent U cannot be written in a form that has an axis of symmetry. It is believed that since the crosslinking agent U does not have an axis of symmetry, aggregation of the crosslinking agents U within the composition film is suppressed.
  • the molecular weight of the crosslinking agent U is preferably 100-2,000, more preferably 150-1500, and even more preferably 200-900.
  • the method for producing the crosslinking agent U is not particularly limited, but it can be obtained, for example, by reacting a compound having a radical polymerizable compound and an isocyanate group with a compound having at least one of a hydroxy group or an amino group.
  • crosslinking agent U Specific examples of the crosslinking agent U are shown below, but the crosslinking agent U is not limited thereto.
  • radical crosslinking agent having an isocyanuric ring structure a compound having two or three radically polymerizable groups is preferable, and a compound having three radically polymerizable groups is more preferable.
  • radical crosslinking agents having an isocyanuric ring structure include, but are not limited to, tris(2-acryloyloxyethyl) isocyanurate, tris(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) isocyanurate, EO (ethylene oxide)-modified isocyanuric acid diacrylate, EO-modified isocyanuric acid triacrylate, and compounds having the following structures: In the following structures, n each independently represents an integer of 1 to 20, and R represents a divalent linking group.
  • a difunctional methacrylate or acrylate for the resin composition.
  • Specific compounds include triethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, PEG (polyethylene glycol) 200 diacrylate, PEG 200 dimethacrylate, PEG 600 diacrylate, PEG 600 dimethacrylate, polytetraethylene glycol diacrylate, polytetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, 3-methyl-1,5-pentyl glycol di ...
  • PEG200 diacrylate refers to polyethylene glycol diacrylate with a formula weight of about 200 for the polyethylene glycol chain.
  • a monofunctional radical crosslinking agent can be preferably used as the radical crosslinking agent.
  • the monofunctional radical crosslinking agent a compound having a boiling point of 100° C. or more under normal pressure is also preferred in order to suppress volatilization before exposure.
  • the difunctional or higher radical crosslinking agent include allyl compounds such as diallyl phthalate and triallyl trimellitate.
  • the content of the radical crosslinking agent is preferably more than 0 mass% and not more than 60 mass% based on the total solid content of the resin composition.
  • the lower limit is more preferably 5 mass% or more.
  • the upper limit is more preferably 50 mass% or less, and even more preferably 30 mass% or less.
  • the radical crosslinking agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more types are used in combination, it is preferable that the total amount is within the above range.
  • the resin composition of the present invention also preferably contains another crosslinking agent different from the above-mentioned radical crosslinking agent.
  • the other crosslinking agent refers to a crosslinking agent other than the above-mentioned radical crosslinking agent, and is preferably a compound having, in its molecule, a plurality of groups that promote a reaction to form a covalent bond with another compound in the composition or a reaction product thereof upon exposure to light by the above-mentioned photoacid generator or photobase generator, and is preferably a compound having, in its molecule, a plurality of groups that promote a reaction to form a covalent bond with another compound in the composition or a reaction product thereof under the action of an acid or a base.
  • the acid or base is preferably an acid or base generated from a photoacid generator or a photobase generator in the exposure step.
  • Other cross-linking agents include the compounds described in paragraphs 0179 to 0207 of WO 2022/145355, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the resin composition of the present invention contains a photopolymerization initiator.
  • the photopolymerization initiator is preferably a photoradical polymerization initiator.
  • the photoradical polymerization initiator is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from known photoradical polymerization initiators.
  • a photoradical polymerization initiator having photosensitivity to light rays in the ultraviolet to visible regions is preferable.
  • it may be an activator that reacts with a photoexcited sensitizer to generate active radicals.
  • the photoradical polymerization initiator preferably contains at least one compound having a molar absorption coefficient of at least about 50 L ⁇ mol ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm ⁇ 1 in a wavelength range of about 240 to 800 nm (preferably 330 to 500 nm).
  • the molar absorption coefficient of the compound can be measured using a known method. For example, it is preferable to measure it using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (Varian Cary-5 spectrophotometer) at a concentration of 0.01 g/L using ethyl acetate as a solvent.
  • halogenated hydrocarbon derivatives e.g., compounds having a triazine skeleton, compounds having an oxadiazole skeleton, compounds having a trihalomethyl group, etc.
  • acylphosphine compounds such as acylphosphine oxides, hexaarylbiimidazoles
  • oxime compounds such as oxime derivatives, organic peroxides, thio compounds, ketone compounds, aromatic onium salts, ketoxime ethers, ⁇ -aminoketone compounds such as aminoacetophenones, ⁇ -hydroxyketone compounds such as hydroxyacetophenones, azo compounds, azide compounds, metallocene compounds, organic boron compounds, iron arene complexes, etc.
  • ketone compounds include the compounds described in paragraph 0087 of JP 2015-087611 A, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Kayacure-DETX-S manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
  • Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. is also preferably used.
  • hydroxyacetophenone compounds, aminoacetophenone compounds, and acylphosphine compounds can be suitably used as photoradical polymerization initiators. More specifically, for example, aminoacetophenone-based initiators described in JP-A-10-291969 and acylphosphine oxide-based initiators described in Japanese Patent No. 4225898 can be used, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • ⁇ -Hydroxyketone initiators that can be used include Omnirad 184, Omnirad 1173, Omnirad 2959, Omnirad 127 (all manufactured by IGM Resins B.V.), IRGACURE 184 (IRGACURE is a registered trademark), DAROCUR 1173, IRGACURE 500, IRGACURE-2959, and IRGACURE 127 (all manufactured by BASF).
  • Omnirad 907, Omnirad 369, Omnirad 369E, Omnirad 379EG (all manufactured by IGM Resins B.V.), IRGACURE 907, IRGACURE 369, and IRGACURE 379 (all manufactured by BASF) can be used.
  • aminoacetophenone initiator acylphosphine oxide initiator, and metallocene compound
  • aminoacetophenone initiator acylphosphine oxide initiator, and metallocene compound
  • the compounds described in paragraphs 0161 to 0163 of WO 2021/112189 can also be suitably used.
  • the contents of this specification are incorporated herein.
  • an oxime compound is more preferably used as a photoradical polymerization initiator.
  • an oxime compound By using an oxime compound, it becomes possible to more effectively improve the exposure latitude.
  • Oxime compounds are particularly preferred because they have a wide exposure latitude (exposure margin) and also function as a photocuring accelerator.
  • oxime compounds include the compounds described in JP-A-2001-233842, the compounds described in JP-A-2000-080068, the compounds described in JP-A-2006-342166, the compounds described in J. C. S. Perkin II (1979, pp. 1653-1660), the compounds described in J. C. S. Compounds described in Perkin II (1979, pp. 156-162), compounds described in Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology (1995, pp.
  • Preferred oxime compounds include, for example, compounds having the following structure, 3-(benzoyloxy(imino))butan-2-one, 3-(acetoxy(imino))butan-2-one, 3-(propionyloxy(imino))butan-2-one, 2-(acetoxy(imino))pentan-3-one, 2-(acetoxy(imino))-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 2-(benzoyloxy(imino))-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 3-((4-toluenesulfonyloxy)imino)butan-2-one, and 2-(ethoxycarbonyloxy(imino))-1-phenylpropan-1-one.
  • an oxime compound as a photoradical polymerization initiator.
  • oxime compounds include IRGACURE OXE 01, IRGACURE OXE 02, IRGACURE OXE 03, and IRGACURE OXE 04 (manufactured by BASF), ADEKA OPTOMER N-1919 (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation, photoradical polymerization initiator 2 described in JP 2012-014052 A), TR-PBG-304, TR-PBG-305 (manufactured by Changzhou Strong Electronic New Materials Co., Ltd.), ADEKA ARCLES NCI-730, NCI-831, and ADEKA ARCLES NCI-930 (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), DFI-091 (manufactured by Daito Chemistry Co., Ltd.), and SpeedCure PDO (SARTOMER Also usable are oxime compounds having the following structure:
  • an oxime compound having a fluorene ring described in paragraphs 0169 to 0171 of WO 2021/112189 an oxime compound having a skeleton in which at least one benzene ring of a carbazole ring is a naphthalene ring, or an oxime compound having a fluorine atom can be used.
  • oxime compounds having a nitro group, oxime compounds having a benzofuran skeleton, and oxime compounds having a hydroxyl group-containing substituent bonded to a carbazole skeleton described in paragraphs 0208 to 0210 of WO 2021/020359 can also be used. The contents of these compounds are incorporated herein by reference.
  • photopolymerization initiators that can be used include the compounds described in paragraphs 0113 to 0117 of JP 2023-058585 A. The disclosures are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the content is preferably 0.1 to 30 mass% based on the total solid content of the resin composition, more preferably 0.1 to 20 mass%, even more preferably 0.5 to 15 mass%, and even more preferably 1.0 to 10 mass%. Only one type of photopolymerization initiator may be contained, or two or more types may be contained. When two or more types of photopolymerization initiators are contained, the total amount is preferably within the above range. In addition, since the photopolymerization initiator may also function as a thermal polymerization initiator, the crosslinking caused by the photopolymerization initiator may be further promoted by heating in an oven, a hot plate, or the like.
  • the resin composition may contain a sensitizer.
  • the sensitizer absorbs specific active radiation and becomes electronically excited.
  • the sensitizer in the electronically excited state comes into contact with a thermal radical polymerization initiator, a photoradical polymerization initiator, or the like, and effects such as electron transfer, energy transfer, and heat generation occur.
  • the thermal radical polymerization initiator and the photoradical polymerization initiator undergo a chemical change and are decomposed to generate a radical, an acid, or a base.
  • Usable sensitizers include benzophenone-based, Michler's ketone-based, coumarin-based, pyrazole azo-based, anilino azo-based, triphenylmethane-based, anthraquinone-based, anthracene-based, anthrapyridone-based, benzylidene-based, oxonol-based, pyrazolotriazole azo-based, pyridone azo-based, cyanine-based, phenothiazine-based, pyrrolopyrazole azomethine-based, xanthene-based, phthalocyanine-based, benzopyran-based, indigo-based compounds, and the like.
  • sensitizer examples include Michler's ketone, 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, 2,5-bis(4'-diethylaminobenzal)cyclopentane, 2,6-bis(4'-diethylaminobenzal)cyclohexanone, 2,6-bis(4'-diethylaminobenzal)-4-methylcyclohexanone, 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)chalcone, 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)chalcone, p-dimethylaminocinnamylidene indanone, and p-dimethylaminobenzylidene indanone.
  • the content of the sensitizer is preferably 0.01 to 20 mass % relative to the total solid content of the resin composition, more preferably 0.1 to 15 mass %, and even more preferably 0.5 to 10 mass %.
  • the sensitizer may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.
  • the resin composition of the present invention may contain a chain transfer agent.
  • the chain transfer agent is defined, for example, in the Third Edition of the Polymer Dictionary (edited by the Society of Polymer Science, 2005), pages 683-684.
  • Examples of the chain transfer agent include compounds having -S-S-, -SO 2 -S-, -N-O-, SH, PH, SiH, and GeH in the molecule, and dithiobenzoates, trithiocarbonates, dithiocarbamates, and xanthates having a thiocarbonylthio group used in RAFT (Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer) polymerization.
  • RAFT Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer
  • the chain transfer agent may also be the compound described in paragraphs 0152-0153 of International Publication No. 2015/199219, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the content of the chain transfer agent is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the total solid content of the resin composition.
  • the chain transfer agent may be one type or two or more types. When there are two or more types of chain transfer agents, the total is preferably within the above range.
  • the polymerization initiator may be a photoacid generator, preferably a photoacid generator that generates radicals.
  • the photoacid generator is a compound that absorbs light, decomposes to generate radicals, and abstracts hydrogen from a solvent or the acid generator itself to generate an acid.
  • Examples of the photoacid generator include quinone diazide compounds, oxime sulfonate compounds, organic halide compounds, organic borate compounds, disulfone compounds, and onium salts, with onium salts being preferred.
  • Examples of the onium salt include diazonium salts, phosphonium salts, sulfonium salts, and iodonium salts.
  • the sulfonium salt means a salt of a sulfonium cation and an anion.
  • sulfonium cation a tertiary sulfonium cation is preferred, and a triarylsulfonium cation is more preferred.
  • a cation represented by the following formula (103) is preferable.
  • R 8 to R 10 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group.
  • Each of R 8 to R 10 independently represents preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, even more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a phenyl group.
  • R 8 to R 10 may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a hydroxy group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an arylcarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, etc.
  • the substituent it is preferable for the substituent to be an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, more preferably a branched alkyl group or an alkoxy group, and even more preferably a branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • R 8 to R 10 may be the same group or different groups, but from the viewpoint of synthetic suitability, it is preferable that they are the same group.
  • the anion is not particularly limited and may be selected taking into consideration the acid to be generated.
  • examples of the anion include boron-based anions such as B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ⁇ and BF 4 ⁇ ; phosphorus-based anions such as (Rf) n PF 6-n ⁇ , PF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 ⁇ and PF 6 ⁇ ; antimony-based anions such as SbF 6 ⁇ ; and other carboxylate anions and sulfonate anions.
  • the iodonium salt refers to a salt of an iodonium cation and an anion.
  • anion include the same anions as those in the sulfonium salt described above, and preferred embodiments are also the same.
  • the iodonium cation is preferably a diaryliodonium cation. Moreover, the iodonium cation is preferably a cation represented by the following formula (104).
  • R 11 and R 12 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group.
  • R 11 and R 12 are each independently preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, even more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably a phenyl group.
  • R 11 and R 12 may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a hydroxy group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an arylcarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, etc.
  • the substituent has an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, more preferably a branched alkyl group or an alkoxy group, and further preferably a branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • R 11 and R 12 may be the same group or different groups, but from the viewpoint of synthesis suitability, it is preferable that they are the same group.
  • the phosphonium salt refers to a salt of a phosphonium cation and an anion.
  • anion include the same anions as those in the sulfonium salt described above, and preferred embodiments are also the same.
  • the phosphonium cation is preferably a quaternary phosphonium cation, such as a tetraalkylphosphonium cation or a triarylmonoalkylphosphonium cation. Moreover, the phosphonium cation is preferably a cation represented by the following formula (105).
  • R 13 to R 16 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group.
  • Each of R 13 to R 16 independently represents preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, even more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a phenyl group.
  • R 13 to R 16 may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a hydroxy group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an arylcarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, etc.
  • the substituent has an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, more preferably a branched alkyl group or an alkoxy group, and further preferably a branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • R 13 to R 16 may be the same group or different groups, but from the viewpoint of synthesis suitability, it is preferable that they are the same group.
  • the content of the photoacid generator is preferably 0.1 to 20 mass%, more preferably 0.5 to 18 mass%, even more preferably 0.5 to 10 mass%, still more preferably 0.5 to 3 mass%, and even more preferably 0.5 to 1.2 mass%, based on the total solid content of the resin composition.
  • the photoacid generator may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds. In the case of using a combination of two or more kinds, the total amount thereof is preferably within the above range. It is also preferable to use a sensitizer in combination in order to impart photosensitivity to a desired light source.
  • the resin composition of the present invention contains two or more types of polymerization initiators.
  • the resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a photopolymerization initiator and a thermal polymerization initiator described below, or contains the above-mentioned photoradical polymerization initiator and the above-mentioned photoacid generator.
  • the content of the thermal polymerization initiator is preferably 20 to 70 mass%, and more preferably 30 to 60 mass%, relative to the total content of the photopolymerization initiator and the thermal polymerization initiator.
  • the content of the photoacid generator is preferably 20 to 70 mass%, and more preferably 30 to 60 mass%, relative to the total content of the photopolymerization initiator and the photoacid generator.
  • thermal polymerization initiator examples include a thermal radical polymerization initiator.
  • a thermal radical polymerization initiator is a compound that generates radicals by thermal energy and initiates or promotes a polymerization reaction of a polymerizable compound. By adding a thermal radical polymerization initiator, the polymerization reaction of the resin and the polymerizable compound can be promoted, so that the solvent resistance can be further improved.
  • thermal radical polymerization initiators include the compounds described in paragraphs 0074 to 0118 of JP 2008-063554 A, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • thermal polymerization initiator When a thermal polymerization initiator is included, its content is preferably 0.1 to 30 mass% relative to the total solid content of the resin composition, more preferably 0.1 to 20 mass%, and even more preferably 0.5 to 15 mass%. Only one type of thermal polymerization initiator may be included, or two or more types may be included. When two or more types of thermal polymerization initiators are included, it is preferable that the total amount is within the above range.
  • the resin composition of the present invention may contain a base generator.
  • the base generator is a compound that can generate a base by physical or chemical action.
  • Preferred base generators include a thermal base generator and a photobase generator.
  • the resin composition when the resin composition contains a precursor of a cyclized resin, the resin composition preferably contains a base generator.
  • the thermal base generator in the resin composition, for example, the cyclization reaction of the precursor can be promoted by heating, and the mechanical properties and chemical resistance of the cured product can be improved, and the performance as an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer contained in a semiconductor package can be improved.
  • the base generator may be an ionic base generator or a nonionic base generator.
  • Examples of the base generated from the base generator include secondary amines and tertiary amines.
  • the base generator is not particularly limited, and a known base generator can be used.
  • Examples of known base generators include carbamoyl oxime compounds, carbamoyl hydroxylamine compounds, carbamic acid compounds, formamide compounds, acetamide compounds, carbamate compounds, benzyl carbamate compounds, nitrobenzyl carbamate compounds, sulfonamide compounds, imidazole derivative compounds, amine imide compounds, pyridine derivative compounds, ⁇ -aminoacetophenone derivative compounds, quaternary ammonium salt derivative compounds, iminium salts, pyridinium salts, ⁇ -lactone ring derivative compounds, amine imide compounds, phthalimide derivative compounds, and acyloxyimino compounds.
  • Specific examples of the non-ionic base generator include compounds represented by formula (B1), formula (B2), or formula (B3).
  • Rb 1 , Rb 2 and Rb 3 each independently represent an organic group not having a tertiary amine structure, a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom.
  • Rb 1 and Rb 2 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time.
  • none of Rb 1 , Rb 2 and Rb 3 has a carboxy group.
  • the tertiary amine structure refers to a structure in which all three bonds of a trivalent nitrogen atom are covalently bonded to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon group. Therefore, when the carbon atom bonded to the trivalent nitrogen atom is a carbon atom constituting a carbonyl group, that is, when it forms an amide group together with the nitrogen atom, it is not a tertiary amine structure.
  • Rb 1 , Rb 2 and Rb 3 contains a cyclic structure, and it is more preferable that at least two of them contain a cyclic structure.
  • the cyclic structure may be either a monocyclic ring or a condensed ring, and it is preferable that a monocyclic ring or a condensed ring in which two monocyclic rings are condensed.
  • the monocyclic ring is preferably a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring, and more preferably a 6-membered ring.
  • the monocyclic ring is preferably a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring, and more preferably a cyclohexane ring.
  • Rb 1 and Rb 2 are preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 12 carbon atoms), an alkenyl group (preferably having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 12 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 6 to 10 carbon atoms), or an arylalkyl group (preferably having 7 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably having 7 to 19 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 7 to 12 carbon atoms).
  • an alkyl group preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 12 carbon atoms
  • an alkenyl group preferably having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably
  • Rb 1 and Rb 2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
  • the ring formed is preferably a 4- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle.
  • Rb1 and Rb2 are preferably a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 12 carbon atoms) which may have a substituent, more preferably a cycloalkyl group (preferably having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 12 carbon atoms) which may have a substituent, and even more preferably a cyclohexyl group which may have a substituent.
  • Rb 3 is an alkyl group (having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms), an aryl group (having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms), an alkenyl group (having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms), an arylalkyl group (having 7 to 23 carbon atoms, preferably 7 to 19 carbon atoms, and more preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms), an arylalkenyl group (having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 8 to 16 carbon atoms), an alkoxyl group (having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms), an aryloxy group (having 6 to 22 carbon
  • a cycloalkyl group (preferably having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 12 carbon atoms), an arylalkenyl group, and an arylalkyloxy group are preferable.
  • Rb3 may further have a substituent.
  • the compound represented by formula (B1) is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (B1-1) or (B1-2).
  • Rb 11 and Rb 12 , and Rb 31 and Rb 32 are the same as Rb 1 and Rb 2 in formula (B1), respectively.
  • Rb 13 is an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 12 carbon atoms), an alkenyl group (preferably having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 12 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), or an arylalkyl group (preferably having 7 to 23 carbon atoms, more preferably having 7 to 19 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 7 to 12 carbon atoms), which may have a substituent.
  • Rb 13 is preferably an arylalkyl group.
  • Rb 33 and Rb 34 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 1 to 3 carbon atoms), an alkenyl group (preferably having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 2 to 3 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 6 to 10 carbon atoms), or an arylalkyl group (preferably having 7 to 23 carbon atoms, more preferably having 7 to 19 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 7 to 11 carbon atoms), and a hydrogen atom is preferable.
  • an alkyl group preferably having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
  • an alkenyl group preferably having 2
  • Rb 35 is an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 8 carbon atoms), an alkenyl group (preferably having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 8 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), or an arylalkyl group (preferably having 7 to 23 carbon atoms, more preferably having 7 to 19 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 7 to 12 carbon atoms), and an aryl group is preferable.
  • an alkyl group preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 8 carbon atoms
  • an alkenyl group preferably having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably having 2
  • the compound represented by formula (B1-1) is preferably a compound represented by formula (B1-1a).
  • Rb 11 and Rb 12 have the same meanings as Rb 11 and Rb 12 in formula (B1-1).
  • Rb 15 and Rb 16 are each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 1 to 3 carbon atoms), an alkenyl group (preferably having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 2 to 3 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 6 to 10 carbon atoms), or an arylalkyl group (preferably having 7 to 23 carbon atoms, more preferably having 7 to 19 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 7 to 11 carbon atoms), and a hydrogen atom or a methyl group is preferable.
  • Rb 17 is an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 8 carbon atoms), an alkenyl group (preferably having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 8 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), or an arylalkyl group (preferably having 7 to 23 carbon atoms, more preferably having 7 to 19 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 7 to 12 carbon atoms), and among these, an aryl group is preferable.
  • an alkyl group preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 8 carbon atoms
  • an alkenyl group preferably having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more
  • L represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having a saturated hydrocarbon group on the path of a linking chain connecting adjacent oxygen atoms and carbon atoms, the number of atoms on the linking chain path being 3 or more.
  • R and R each independently represent a monovalent organic group.
  • linking chain refers to an atomic chain on a path connecting two atoms or atomic groups to be linked, which links these objects with the shortest distance (the smallest number of atoms).
  • L is composed of a phenyleneethylene group, has an ethylene group as a saturated hydrocarbon group
  • the linking chain is composed of four carbon atoms
  • the number of atoms on the path of the linking chain i.e., the number of atoms constituting the linking chain, hereinafter also referred to as the "linking chain length" or "length of the linking chain” is 4.
  • the number of carbon atoms in L in formula (B3) is preferably 3 to 24.
  • the upper limit is more preferably 12 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, and particularly preferably 8 or less.
  • the lower limit is more preferably 4 or more.
  • the upper limit of the linking chain length of L is preferably 12 or less, more preferably 8 or less, even more preferably 6 or less, and particularly preferably 5 or less.
  • the linking chain length of L is preferably 4 or 5, and most preferably 4.
  • Specific preferred compounds of the base generator include, for example, the compounds described in paragraphs 0102 to 0168 of WO 2020/066416 and the compounds described in paragraphs 0143 to 0177 of WO 2018/038002.
  • the base generator also preferably contains a compound represented by the following formula (N1).
  • R N1 and R N2 each independently represent a monovalent organic group
  • R C1 represents a hydrogen atom or a protecting group
  • L represents a divalent linking group
  • L is a divalent linking group, and is preferably a divalent organic group.
  • the linking chain length of the linking group is preferably 1 or more, and more preferably 2 or more.
  • the upper limit is preferably 12 or less, more preferably 8 or less, and even more preferably 5 or less.
  • the linking chain length is the number of atoms present in the atomic sequence that is the shortest path between the two carbonyl groups in the formula.
  • R N1 and R N2 each independently represent a monovalent organic group (preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 3 to 12 carbon atoms), and are preferably a hydrocarbon group (preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms).
  • aliphatic hydrocarbon groups preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
  • aromatic hydrocarbon groups preferably having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably having 6 to 10 carbon atoms
  • R N1 and R N2 the basicity of the generated base is high, and this is preferable.
  • the aliphatic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic hydrocarbon group may have a substituent, and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic hydrocarbon group may have an oxygen atom in the aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, the aromatic ring, or the substituent.
  • the aliphatic hydrocarbon group has an oxygen atom in the hydrocarbon chain is exemplified.
  • Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group constituting R N1 and R N2 include a linear or branched chain alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, a group containing a combination of a linear alkyl group and a cyclic alkyl group, and an alkyl group having an oxygen atom in the chain.
  • the linear or branched chain alkyl group preferably has 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • linear or branched chain alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group, a dodecyl group, an isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, a secondary butyl group, a tertiary butyl group, an isopentyl group, a neopentyl group, a tertiary pentyl group, and an isohexyl group.
  • the cyclic alkyl group preferably has a carbon number of 3 to 12, more preferably 3 to 6.
  • Examples of the cyclic alkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
  • the group containing a combination of a chain alkyl group and a cyclic alkyl group preferably has 4 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 18, and even more preferably 4 to 12.
  • Examples of the group containing a combination of a chain alkyl group and a cyclic alkyl group include a cyclohexylmethyl group, a cyclohexylethyl group, a cyclohexylpropyl group, a methylcyclohexylmethyl group, and an ethylcyclohexylethyl group.
  • the alkyl group having an oxygen atom in the chain preferably has 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6, and even more preferably 2 to 4.
  • the alkyl group having an oxygen atom in the chain may be linear or cyclic, and may be linear or branched.
  • R N1 and R N2 are preferably alkyl groups having 5 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • a group having a cyclic alkyl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferred.
  • R N1 and R N2 may be linked together to form a cyclic structure.
  • the cyclic structure may have an oxygen atom or the like in the chain.
  • the cyclic structure formed by R N1 and R N2 may be a monocyclic or condensed ring, but is preferably a monocyclic ring.
  • the cyclic structure formed is preferably a 5-membered or 6-membered ring containing a nitrogen atom in formula (N1), such as a pyrrole ring, an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, a pyrroline ring, a pyrrolidine ring, an imidazolidine ring, a pyrazolidine ring, a piperidine ring, a piperazine ring, or a morpholine ring, and is preferably a pyrroline ring, a pyrrolidine ring, a piperidine ring, a piperazine ring, or a morpholine ring.
  • N1 nitrogen atom in formula (N1), such as a pyrrole ring, an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, a pyrroline ring, a pyrrolidine ring, an imidazolidine ring, a pyrazolidine ring, a
  • R C1 represents a hydrogen atom or a protecting group, and is preferably a hydrogen atom.
  • the protecting group is preferably a protecting group which is decomposed by the action of an acid or a base, and preferably includes a protecting group which is decomposed by an acid.
  • Specific examples of the protective group include linear or cyclic alkyl groups, and linear or cyclic alkyl groups having an oxygen atom in the chain. Examples of linear or cyclic alkyl groups include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
  • linear alkyl groups having an oxygen atom in the chain include an alkyloxyalkyl group, and preferred examples include a methyloxymethyl (MOM) group and an ethyloxyethyl (EE) group.
  • cyclic alkyl groups having an oxygen atom in the chain include an epoxy group, a glycidyl group, an oxetanyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydropyranyl (THP) group.
  • the divalent linking group constituting L is not particularly limited, but is preferably a hydrocarbon group, more preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
  • the hydrocarbon group may have a substituent, and may have an atom other than carbon atom in the hydrocarbon chain.
  • the divalent linking group is more preferably a divalent hydrocarbon linking group that may have an oxygen atom in the chain, more preferably a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may have an oxygen atom in the chain, a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a group containing a combination of a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may have an oxygen atom in the chain and a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, and even more preferably a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may have an oxygen atom in the chain. These groups may not have an oxygen atom.
  • the divalent hydrocarbon linking group preferably has 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • Groups containing a combination of a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group and a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group e.g., arylene alkyl groups
  • the linking group L is preferably a straight-chain or branched chain alkylene group, a cyclic alkylene group, a group containing a combination of a chain alkylene group and a cyclic alkylene group, an alkylene group having an oxygen atom in the chain, a straight-chain or branched chain alkenylene group, a cyclic alkenylene group, an arylene group, or an arylene alkylene group.
  • the linear or branched chain alkylene group preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the cyclic alkylene group preferably has 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably has 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the group containing a combination of a chain alkylene group and a cyclic alkylene group preferably has 4 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the alkylene group having an oxygen atom in the chain may be linear or cyclic, and may be linear or branched.
  • the alkylene group having an oxygen atom in the chain preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • the linear or branched chain alkenylene group preferably has 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6, and still more preferably 2 to 3.
  • the linear or branched chain alkenylene group preferably has 1 to 10 C ⁇ C bonds, more preferably 1 to 6, and still more preferably 1 to 3.
  • the cyclic alkenylene group preferably has 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably has 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the cyclic alkenylene group preferably has 1 to 6 C ⁇ C bonds, and more preferably has 1 to 4 C ⁇ C bonds, and even more preferably has 1 or 2 C ⁇ C bonds.
  • the arylene group preferably has 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably has 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and further preferably has 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the arylene alkylene group preferably has 7 to 23 carbon atoms, more preferably has 7 to 19 carbon atoms, and further preferably has 7 to 11 carbon atoms.
  • a chain alkylene group, a cyclic alkylene group, an alkylene group having an oxygen atom in the chain, a chain alkenylene group, an arylene group, and an arylene alkylene group are preferred, and a 1,2-ethylene group, a propanediyl group (particularly a 1,3-propanediyl group), a cyclohexanediyl group (particularly a 1,2-cyclohexanediyl group), a vinylene group (particularly a cisvinylene group), a phenylene group (1,2-phenylene group), a phenylenemethylene group (particularly a 1,2-phenylenemethylene group), and an ethyleneoxyethylene group (particularly a 1,2-ethyleneoxy-1,2-ethylene group) are more preferred.
  • Base generators include, but are not limited to, the following compounds:
  • the molecular weight of the nonionic base generator is preferably 800 or less, more preferably 600 or less, and even more preferably 500 or less.
  • the lower limit is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 200 or more, and even more preferably 300 or more.
  • Specific preferred compounds for the ionic base generator include, for example, the compounds described in paragraphs 0148 to 0163 of WO 2018/038002.
  • ammonium salts include, but are not limited to, the following compounds:
  • iminium salts include, but are not limited to, the following compounds:
  • the base generator is preferably an amine in which the amino group is protected by a t-butoxycarbonyl group, from the viewpoints of storage stability and generating a base by deprotection during curing.
  • Amine compounds protected by a t-butoxycarbonyl group include, for example, ethanolamine, 3-amino-1-propanol, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-1-propanol, 4-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 1-amino-2-butanol, 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, 4-amino-2-methyl-1-butanol, valinol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, ol, tyramine, norephedrine, 2-amino-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-aminocyclohexanol, 4-aminocyclohexanol, 4-aminocyclohexaneethanol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)cyclohexanol, N-
  • the content of the base generator is preferably 0.1 to 50 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the resin in the resin composition.
  • the lower limit is more preferably 0.3 parts by mass or more, and even more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more.
  • the upper limit is more preferably 30 parts by mass or less, even more preferably 20 parts by mass or less, even more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, even more preferably 5 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 4 parts by mass or less.
  • the base generator may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more types are used, the total amount is preferably within the above range.
  • the resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a solvent.
  • the solvent may be any known solvent.
  • the solvent is preferably an organic solvent.
  • Examples of the organic solvent include compounds such as esters, ethers, ketones, cyclic hydrocarbons, sulfoxides, amides, ureas, and alcohols.
  • Esters for example, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, amyl formate, isoamyl acetate, butyl propionate, isopropyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, alkyloxyacetates (for example, methyl alkyloxyacetate, ethyl alkyloxyacetate, butyl alkyloxyacetate (for example, methyl methoxyacetate, ethyl methoxyacetate, butyl methoxyacetate, methyl ethoxyacetate, ethyl ethoxyacetate, etc.)), 3-alkyloxypropionic acid alkyl esters (for example,
  • alkyloxypropionic acid alkyl esters include alkyl esters (e.g., methyl 2-alkyloxypropionate, ethyl 2-alkyloxypropionate, propyl 2-alkyloxypropionate, etc.
  • Suitable examples of ethers include ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, di
  • cyclic hydrocarbons include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, and anisole, and cyclic terpenes such as limonene.
  • dimethyl sulfoxide is preferred.
  • amides include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylisobutyramide, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropionamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropionamide, N-formylmorpholine, and N-acetylmorpholine.
  • ureas include N,N,N',N'-tetramethylurea and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone.
  • alcohols examples include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, polypropylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, methylphenyl carbinol, n-amyl alcohol, methylamyl alcohol, and diacetone alcohol.
  • An embodiment in which toluene is further added to these combined solvents in an amount of about 1 to 10% by mass based on the total mass of the solvent is also one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • an embodiment containing ⁇ -valerolactone as a solvent is one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the content of ⁇ -valerolactone relative to the total mass of the solvent is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, and even more preferably 70% by mass or more.
  • the upper limit of the content is not particularly limited and may be 100% by mass.
  • the content may be determined taking into consideration the solubility of components such as a specific resin contained in the resin composition, and the like.
  • the solvent preferably contains 60 to 90% by mass of ⁇ -valerolactone and 10 to 40% by mass of dimethyl sulfoxide, more preferably 70 to 90% by mass of ⁇ -valerolactone and 10 to 30% by mass of dimethyl sulfoxide, and even more preferably 75 to 85% by mass of ⁇ -valerolactone and 15 to 25% by mass of dimethyl sulfoxide, relative to the total mass of the solvent.
  • the resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a solvent having a boiling point at 1 atmospheric pressure of 50° C. to 300° C., and more preferably contains a solvent having a boiling point at 100° C. to 260° C.
  • the boiling point of the solvent is the boiling point at 1 atmospheric pressure. According to such an embodiment, it is believed that a cured product having excellent solvent removability and resolution can be obtained.
  • the boiling point is preferably 150° C. or higher, more preferably 180° C. or higher, and more preferably 200° C. or higher.
  • the upper limit of the boiling point is preferably 250° C. or lower, more preferably 240° C. or lower, and even more preferably 230° C. or lower.
  • the resin composition of the present invention preferably contains two or more solvents having a boiling point of 100 to 260°C, more preferably contains two or more solvents having a boiling point of 150 to 250°C, and even more preferably contains two or more solvents having a boiling point of 180 to 230°C.
  • the content of the solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 260° C. is preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 45% by mass or more, and even more preferably 50% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the composition.
  • the total amount thereof is preferably within the above range.
  • the content of the solvent is preferably an amount that results in a total solids concentration of the resin composition of the present invention of 5 to 80 mass%, more preferably an amount that results in a total solids concentration of 5 to 75 mass%, even more preferably an amount that results in a total solids concentration of 10 to 70 mass%, and even more preferably an amount that results in a total solids concentration of 20 to 70 mass%.
  • the content of the solvent may be adjusted according to the desired thickness of the coating film and the coating method. When two or more types of solvents are contained, it is preferable that the total amount is within the above range.
  • the resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a metal adhesion improver from the viewpoint of improving adhesion to metal materials used in electrodes, wiring, etc.
  • the metal adhesion improver include a silane coupling agent having an alkoxysilyl group, an aluminum-based adhesion aid, a titanium-based adhesion aid, a compound having a sulfonamide structure, a compound having a thiourea structure, a phosphoric acid derivative compound, a ⁇ -ketoester compound, an amino compound, and the like.
  • silane coupling agent examples include the compounds described in paragraph 0316 of International Publication No. 2021/112189 and the compounds described in paragraphs 0067 to 0078 of JP-A-2018-173573, the contents of which are incorporated herein. It is also preferable to use two or more different silane coupling agents as described in paragraphs 0050 to 0058 of JP-A-2011-128358. It is also preferable to use the following compounds as the silane coupling agent. In the following formula, Me represents a methyl group, and Et represents an ethyl group. In addition, the following R includes a structure derived from a blocking agent in a blocked isocyanate group.
  • the blocking agent may be selected according to the desorption temperature, and examples thereof include alcohol compounds, phenol compounds, pyrazole compounds, triazole compounds, lactam compounds, and active methylene compounds.
  • examples thereof include alcohol compounds, phenol compounds, pyrazole compounds, triazole compounds, lactam compounds, and active methylene compounds.
  • caprolactam and the like are preferred.
  • Commercially available products of such compounds include X-12-1293 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).
  • silane coupling agents include, for example, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, p-styryltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, N-2- Examples of such compounds include (aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-2-(amin
  • an oligomer type compound having a plurality of alkoxysilyl groups can also be used as the silane coupling agent.
  • examples of such oligomer-type compounds include compounds containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (S-1).
  • R 1 S1 represents a monovalent organic group
  • R 1 S2 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group
  • n represents an integer of 0 to 2.
  • R S1 is preferably a structure containing a polymerizable group.
  • Examples of the polymerizable group include a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a blocked isocyanate group, and an amino group.
  • Examples of the group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include a vinyl group, an allyl group, an isoallyl group, a 2-methylallyl group, a group having an aromatic ring directly bonded to a vinyl group (e.g., a vinylphenyl group), a (meth)acrylamide group, and a (meth)acryloyloxy group.
  • R S2 is preferably an alkoxy group, more preferably a methoxy group or an ethoxy group.
  • n represents an integer of 0 to 2, and is preferably 1.
  • n is 1 or 2 in at least one, more preferably that n is 1 or 2 in at least two, and further preferably that n is 1 in at least two.
  • oligomer type compounds commercially available products can be used, and an example of a commercially available product is KR-513 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).
  • Aluminum-based adhesion promoter examples include aluminum tris(ethylacetoacetate), aluminum tris(acetylacetonate), and ethylacetoacetate aluminum diisopropylate.
  • metal adhesion improvers that can be used include the compounds described in paragraphs 0046 to 0049 of JP 2014-186186 A and the sulfide-based compounds described in paragraphs 0032 to 0043 of JP 2013-072935 A, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the content of the metal adhesion improver is preferably 0.01 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the specific resin. By making the content equal to or greater than the lower limit above, the adhesion between the pattern and the metal layer will be good, and by making the content equal to or less than the upper limit above, the heat resistance and mechanical properties of the pattern will be good. Only one type of metal adhesion improver may be used, or two or more types may be used. When two or more types are used, it is preferable that the total is within the above range.
  • the resin composition of the present invention preferably further contains a migration inhibitor.
  • a migration inhibitor for example, when the resin composition is applied to a metal layer (or metal wiring) to form a film, migration of metal ions derived from the metal layer (or metal wiring) into the film can be effectively suppressed.
  • the migration inhibitor examples include compounds having a heterocycle (pyrrole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, imidazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, pyrazole ring, isoxazole ring, isothiazole ring, tetrazole ring, pyridine ring, pyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, piperidine ring, piperazine ring, morpholine ring, 2H-pyran ring and 6H-pyran ring, triazine ring), thioureas and compounds having a sulfanyl group, hindered phenol compounds, salicylic acid derivative compounds, and hydrazide derivative compounds.
  • a heterocycle pyrrole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, imidazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, pyrazole ring
  • triazole compounds such as 1,2,4-triazole, benzotriazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, and 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole
  • tetrazole compounds such as 1H-tetrazole, 5-phenyltetrazole, and 5-amino-1H-tetrazole are preferably used.
  • the resin composition of the present invention preferably contains an azole compound.
  • the azole compound is a compound containing an azole structure, and the azole structure refers to a five-membered ring structure containing a nitrogen atom as a ring member, and is preferably a five-membered ring structure containing two or more nitrogen atoms as ring members.
  • Specific examples of the azole structure include an imidazole structure, a triazole structure, and a tetrazole structure.These structures may form a polycyclic ring by condensation with another ring structure, such as benzimidazole and benzotriazole.
  • R-1 represents a monovalent organic group
  • * represents a bonding site with the azole structure
  • R-2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
  • R 3 represents a monovalent organic group
  • * represents a bonding site with the azole structure.
  • the above-mentioned hydrocarbon group is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a group represented by a combination thereof.
  • the total number of carbon atoms in R 1 is preferably 1 to 30, more preferably 2 to 25, and even more preferably 3 to 20.
  • the bonding site of R 1 to the carbonyl group in formula (R-1) is preferably a hydrocarbon group or -NR N -.
  • * represents a bonding site to the azole structure, and is preferably a bonding site to a carbon atom that is a ring member of the azole structure.
  • R 2 is preferably a hydrogen atom.
  • the above-mentioned hydrocarbon group is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a group represented by a combination thereof.
  • R 2 is a monovalent organic group, the total number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 30, more preferably 2 to 25, and even more preferably 3 to 20.
  • R 3 is a monovalent organic group
  • the total number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 30, more preferably 2 to 25, and even more preferably 3 to 20.
  • * represents a bonding site to the azole structure, and is preferably a bonding site to a carbon atom that is a ring member of the azole structure.
  • Ion trapping agents that capture anions such as halogen ions can also be used as migration inhibitors.
  • Other migration inhibitors that can be used include the rust inhibitors described in paragraph 0094 of JP 2013-015701 A, the compounds described in paragraphs 0073 to 0076 of JP 2009-283711 A, the compounds described in paragraph 0052 of JP 2011-059656 A, the compounds described in paragraphs 0114, 0116, and 0118 of JP 2012-194520 A, and the compounds described in paragraph 0166 of WO 2015/199219 A, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • migration inhibitors include the following compounds:
  • the content of the migration inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5.0 mass %, more preferably 0.05 to 2.0 mass %, and even more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mass %, based on the total solid content of the resin composition.
  • the migration inhibitor may be one type or two or more types. When two or more types of migration inhibitors are used, it is preferable that the total is within the above range.
  • the resin composition of the present invention also preferably contains a compound (light absorber) whose absorbance at the exposure wavelength decreases upon exposure.
  • a compound (light absorber) whose absorbance at the exposure wavelength decreases upon exposure.
  • the light absorber include the compounds described in paragraphs 0159 to 0183 of WO 2022/202647 and the compounds described in paragraphs 0088 to 0108 of JP 2019-206689 A. The contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the resin composition of the present invention further contains the above-mentioned azole compound and the above-mentioned silane coupling agent.
  • the resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a polymerization inhibitor, such as a phenolic compound, a quinone compound, an amino compound, an N-oxyl free radical compound, a nitro compound, a nitroso compound, a heteroaromatic ring compound, or a metal compound.
  • a polymerization inhibitor such as a phenolic compound, a quinone compound, an amino compound, an N-oxyl free radical compound, a nitro compound, a nitroso compound, a heteroaromatic ring compound, or a metal compound.
  • polymerization inhibitor examples include the compounds described in paragraph 0310 of WO 2021/112189, p-hydroquinone, o-hydroquinone, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl free radical, phenoxazine, 1,4,4-trimethyl-2,3-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]non-2-ene-N,N-dioxide, and the like. The contents of this specification are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 20 mass % relative to the total solid content of the resin composition, more preferably 0.02 to 15 mass %, and even more preferably 0.05 to 10 mass %.
  • the polymerization inhibitor may be one type or two or more types. When two or more types of polymerization inhibitors are used, it is preferable that the total is within the above range.
  • the resin composition of the present invention may contain various additives, such as surfactants, higher fatty acid derivatives, thermal polymerization initiators, inorganic particles, ultraviolet absorbers, organic titanium compounds, antioxidants, photoacid generators, aggregation inhibitors, phenolic compounds, other polymer compounds, plasticizers, and other auxiliaries (e.g., defoamers, flame retardants, etc.), as necessary, within the scope in which the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
  • additives such as surfactants, higher fatty acid derivatives, thermal polymerization initiators, inorganic particles, ultraviolet absorbers, organic titanium compounds, antioxidants, photoacid generators, aggregation inhibitors, phenolic compounds, other polymer compounds, plasticizers, and other auxiliaries (e.g., defoamers, flame retardants, etc.), as necessary, within the scope in which the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
  • auxiliaries e.g., defoamers, flame retardants, etc.
  • surfactant various surfactants such as a fluorine-based surfactant, a silicone-based surfactant, a hydrocarbon-based surfactant, etc.
  • the surfactant may be a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, or an anionic surfactant.
  • the liquid properties (particularly fluidity) when the coating liquid composition is prepared can be further improved, and the uniformity of the coating thickness and liquid saving can be further improved.
  • the interfacial tension between the surface to be coated and the coating liquid is reduced, improving the wettability of the surface to be coated and improving the coatability of the surface to be coated. This makes it possible to more suitably form a uniform film with minimal thickness unevenness.
  • fluorosurfactants examples include compounds described in paragraph 0328 of WO 2021/112189, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • a fluorine-based surfactant a fluorine-containing polymer compound containing a repeating unit derived from a (meth)acrylate compound having a fluorine atom and a repeating unit derived from a (meth)acrylate compound having two or more (preferably five or more) alkyleneoxy groups (preferably ethyleneoxy groups, propyleneoxy groups) can also be preferably used.
  • the fluorine-based surfactant include the following compounds.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the above compound is preferably from 3,000 to 50,000, and more preferably from 5,000 to 30,000.
  • a fluorine-containing polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group in the side chain can also be used. Specific examples include the compounds described in paragraphs 0050 to 0090 and 0289 to 0295 of JP-A-2010-164965, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Commercially available products include, for example, Megafac RS-101, RS-102, and RS-718K manufactured by DIC Corporation.
  • the fluorine content in the fluorosurfactant is preferably 3 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass, and particularly preferably 7 to 25% by mass. Fluorine surfactants with a fluorine content within this range are effective in terms of uniformity of the coating film thickness and liquid saving, and also have good solubility in the composition.
  • silicone surfactants examples include the compounds described in paragraphs 0329 to 0334 of WO 2021/112189, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the surfactant may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
  • the content of the surfactant is preferably from 0.001 to 2.0% by mass, and more preferably from 0.005 to 1.0% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition.
  • inorganic particles include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, silica, kaolin, talc, titanium dioxide, alumina, barium sulfate, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, zeolite, molybdenum sulfide, and glass.
  • the average particle size of the inorganic particles is preferably from 0.01 to 2.0 ⁇ m, more preferably from 0.02 to 1.5 ⁇ m, even more preferably from 0.03 to 1.0 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably from 0.04 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the above average particle size of the inorganic particles is the primary particle size and also the volume average particle size.
  • the volume average particle size can be measured by a dynamic light scattering method using, for example, a Nanotrac WAVE II EX-150 (manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.). When the above measurements are difficult, the measurements can also be made by centrifugal sedimentation light transmission method, X-ray transmission method, or laser diffraction/scattering method.
  • Usable organic titanium compounds include those in which an organic group is bonded to a titanium atom via a covalent bond or an ionic bond.
  • Specific examples of the organotitanium compound are shown below in I) to VII):
  • I) Titanium chelate compounds Titanium chelate compounds having two or more alkoxy groups are more preferred because they provide good storage stability for the resin composition and provide a good curing pattern.
  • titanium bis(triethanolamine) diisopropoxide titanium di(n-butoxide) bis(2,4-pentanedionate), titanium diisopropoxide bis(2,4-pentanedionate), titanium diisopropoxide bis(tetramethylheptanedionate), titanium diisopropoxide bis(ethylacetoacetate), etc.
  • Tetraalkoxytitanium compounds For example, titanium tetra(n-butoxide), titanium tetraethoxide, titanium tetra(2-ethylhexoxide), titanium tetraisobutoxide, titanium tetraisopropoxide, titanium tetramethoxide, titanium tetramethoxypropoxide, titanium tetramethylphenoxide, titanium tetra(n-nonyloxide), titanium tetra(n-propoxide), titanium tetrastearyloxide, titanium tetrakis[bis ⁇ 2,2-(allyloxymethyl)butoxide ⁇ ], and the like.
  • Titanocene compounds For example, pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium trimethoxide, bis( ⁇ 5-2,4-cyclopentadiene-1-yl)bis(2,6-difluorophenyl)titanium, bis( ⁇ 5-2,4-cyclopentadiene-1-yl)bis(2,6-difluoro-3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)titanium, and the like.
  • Monoalkoxytitanium compounds For example, titanium tris(dioctylphosphate) isopropoxide, titanium tris(dodecylbenzenesulfonate) isopropoxide, etc.
  • Titanium oxide compounds For example, titanium oxide bis(pentanedionate), titanium oxide bis(tetramethylheptanedionate), phthalocyanine titanium oxide, and the like.
  • the organic titanium compound is preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of I) titanium chelate compounds, II) tetraalkoxytitanium compounds, and III) titanocene compounds.
  • titanium diisopropoxide bis(ethylacetoacetate), titanium tetra(n-butoxide), and bis( ⁇ 5-2,4-cyclopentadiene-1-yl)bis(2,6-difluoro-3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)titanium are preferred.
  • T-1 a compound represented by the following formula (T-1) as the organotitanium compound or in place of the organotitanium compound.
  • M is titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
  • l1 is an integer of 0 to 2
  • l2 is 0 or 1
  • l1+l2 ⁇ 2 is an integer of 0 to 2
  • m is an integer of 0 to 4
  • n is an integer of 0 to 2
  • R 11 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy group
  • R 12 is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group
  • R 2 is independently a group containing a structure represented by formula (T-2) below
  • R 3 is independently a group containing a structure represented by formula (T-2) below
  • X A is independently a substituted or unsub
  • M is preferably titanium.
  • l1 and l2 are 0 is also one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • m is preferably 2 or 4, and more preferably 2.
  • n is preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1.
  • l1 and l2 are 0, and m is 0, 2 or 4 in formula (T-1).
  • R 11 is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl ligand.
  • the cyclopentadienyl group, alkoxy group and phenoxy group in R 11 may be substituted, but the unsubstituted embodiment is also one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • R 12 is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the hydrocarbon group for R 12 may be either an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, with aromatic hydrocarbon groups being preferred.
  • the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, with a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group being preferred.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably a phenylene group.
  • R 12 is preferably a monovalent substituent, such as a halogen atom, etc.
  • R 12 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, it may have an alkyl group as a substituent.
  • R 12 is preferably an unsubstituted phenylene group, and the phenylene group in R 12 is preferably a 1,2-phenylene group.
  • formula (T-1) when m is 2 or more and two or more R 2s are included, the structures of the two or more R 2s may be the same or different. In formula (T-1), when n is 2 or more and two or more R 3s are included, the structures of the two or more R 3s may be the same or different.
  • an organic titanium compound When an organic titanium compound is included, its content is preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the specific resin. If the content is 0.05 parts by mass or more, the heat resistance and chemical resistance of the resulting cured pattern will be better, and if it is 10 parts by mass or less, the storage stability of the composition will be superior.
  • an organic titanium compound When an organic titanium compound is included, its content is preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the specific resin. If the content is 0.05 parts by mass or more, the heat resistance and chemical resistance of the resulting cured pattern will be better, and if it is 10 parts by mass or less, the storage stability of the composition will be superior.
  • the viscosity of the resin composition of the present invention can be adjusted by the solid content concentration of the resin composition. From the viewpoint of the coating film thickness, it is preferably 1,000 mm 2 /s to 12,000 mm 2 /s, more preferably 2,000 mm 2 /s to 10,000 mm 2 /s, and even more preferably 2,500 mm 2 /s to 8,000 mm 2 /s. If it is within the above range, it is easy to obtain a coating film with high uniformity.
  • the transmittance of the cured product at a wavelength of 365 nm is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 20% or more, and even more preferably 25% or more.
  • the upper limit of the transmittance is not particularly limited and may be 100%.
  • the cured product can be obtained, for example, by applying the resin composition of the present invention to a silicon wafer, drying it at 100°C for 5 minutes, exposing the entire surface to i-rays with an exposure energy of 500 mJ/ cm2 , and then heating it at a heating rate of 10°C/min in a nitrogen atmosphere and at 230°C for 180 minutes.
  • the water content of the resin composition of the present invention is preferably less than 2.0% by mass, more preferably less than 1.5% by mass, and even more preferably less than 1.0% by mass. If the water content is less than 2.0%, the storage stability of the resin composition is improved. Methods for maintaining the moisture content include adjusting the humidity during storage and reducing the porosity of the container during storage.
  • the metal content of the resin composition of the present invention is preferably less than 5 ppm by mass (parts per million), more preferably less than 1 ppm by mass, and even more preferably less than 0.5 ppm by mass.
  • metals include sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, chromium, nickel, etc., but metals contained as complexes of organic compounds and metals are excluded. When multiple metals are contained, it is preferable that the total of these metals is within the above range.
  • methods for reducing metal impurities unintentionally contained in the resin composition of the present invention include selecting raw materials with a low metal content as the raw materials constituting the resin composition of the present invention, filtering the raw materials constituting the resin composition of the present invention, lining the inside of the apparatus with polytetrafluoroethylene or the like and performing distillation under conditions that suppress contamination as much as possible, etc.
  • the content of halogen atoms is preferably less than 500 mass ppm, more preferably less than 300 mass ppm, and even more preferably less than 200 mass ppm from the viewpoint of wiring corrosion.
  • those present in the form of halogen ions are preferably less than 5 mass ppm, more preferably less than 1 mass ppm, and even more preferably less than 0.5 mass ppm.
  • Halogen atoms include chlorine atoms and bromine atoms.It is preferable that the total of chlorine atoms and bromine atoms, or chlorine ions and bromine ions, is within the above range.
  • a preferred method for adjusting the content of halogen atoms is ion exchange treatment.
  • a conventionally known container can be used as the container for the resin composition of the present invention.
  • the container it is also preferable to use a multi-layer bottle whose inner wall is made of six types of six layers of resin, or a bottle with a seven-layer structure of six types of resin, in order to prevent impurities from being mixed into the raw materials or the resin composition of the present invention.
  • An example of such a container is the container described in JP 2015-123351 A.
  • a cured product of the resin composition By curing the resin composition of the present invention, a cured product of the resin composition can be obtained.
  • the cured product of the present invention is a cured product obtained by curing a resin composition.
  • the resin composition is preferably cured by heating, and the heating temperature is more preferably 120°C to 400°C, further preferably 140°C to 380°C, and particularly preferably 170°C to 350°C.
  • the form of the cured product of the resin composition is not particularly limited, and can be selected according to the application, such as a film, a rod, a sphere, or a pellet.
  • the cured product is preferably a film.
  • the shape of the cured product can be selected according to the application, such as forming a protective film on the wall surface, forming a via hole for conduction, adjusting impedance, electrostatic capacitance or internal stress, and imparting a heat dissipation function.
  • the film thickness of the cured product (film made of the cured product) is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less.
  • the shrinkage percentage of the resin composition of the present invention when cured is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 45% or less, and even more preferably 40% or less.
  • the imidization reaction rate of the cured product of the resin composition of the present invention is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more. If it is 70% or more, the cured product may have excellent mechanical properties.
  • the breaking elongation of the cured product of the resin composition of the present invention is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 40% or more, and even more preferably 50% or more.
  • the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured product of the resin composition of the present invention is preferably 180° C. or higher, more preferably 210° C. or higher, and even more preferably 230° C. or higher.
  • the resin composition of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the above-mentioned components.
  • the mixing method is not particularly limited, and can be a conventionally known method. Examples of the mixing method include mixing with a stirring blade, mixing with a ball mill, and mixing by rotating a tank.
  • the temperature during mixing is preferably from 10 to 30°C, more preferably from 15 to 25°C.
  • the filter pore size is, for example, preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
  • the material of the filter is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, or nylon. When the material of the filter is polyethylene, it is more preferable that it is HDPE (high density polyethylene).
  • the filter may be used after being washed in advance with an organic solvent. In the filter filtration process, multiple types of filters may be connected in series or parallel.
  • filters with different pore sizes or materials may be used in combination.
  • a connection mode an HDPE filter with a pore size of 1 ⁇ m as the first stage and an HDPE filter with a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m as the second stage may be connected in series.
  • various materials may be filtered multiple times. When filtration is performed multiple times, circulation filtration may be performed. Filtration may also be performed under pressure.
  • the pressure to be applied is, for example, preferably 0.01 MPa or more and 1.0 MPa or less, more preferably 0.03 MPa or more and 0.9 MPa or less, even more preferably 0.05 MPa or more and 0.7 MPa or less, and even more preferably 0.05 MPa or more and 0.5 MPa or less.
  • impurity removal treatment using an adsorbent may be performed. Filter filtration and impurity removal treatment using an adsorbent may be combined.
  • the adsorbent a known adsorbent may be used.
  • inorganic adsorbents such as silica gel and zeolite, and organic adsorbents such as activated carbon may be used.
  • the resin composition filled in the bottle may be subjected to a degassing step by placing it under reduced pressure.
  • the method for producing a cured product of the present invention preferably includes a film formation step of applying the resin composition onto a substrate to form a film. It is more preferable that the method for producing a cured product includes the above-mentioned film formation step, an exposure step of selectively exposing the film formed in the film formation step, and a development step of developing the film exposed in the exposure step with a developer to form a pattern.
  • the method for producing a cured product includes the above-mentioned film-forming step, the above-mentioned exposure step, the above-mentioned development step, and at least one of a heating step of heating the pattern obtained by the development step and a post-development exposure step of exposing the pattern obtained by the development step.
  • the method for producing a cured product preferably includes the film-forming step and a step of heating the film. Each step will be described in detail below.
  • the resin composition of the present invention can be used in a film-forming process in which the resin composition is applied onto a substrate to form a film.
  • the method for producing a cured product of the present invention preferably includes a film formation step of applying the resin composition onto a substrate to form a film.
  • substrate The type of substrate can be appropriately determined according to the application, and is not particularly limited.
  • substrates include semiconductor-prepared substrates such as silicon, silicon nitride, polysilicon, silicon oxide, and amorphous silicon, quartz, glass, optical films, ceramic materials, vapor deposition films, magnetic films, reflective films, metal substrates such as Ni, Cu, Cr, and Fe (for example, substrates formed from metals and substrates in which a metal layer is formed by plating, vapor deposition, etc.), paper, SOG (Spin On Glass), TFT (thin film transistor) array substrates, mold substrates, and electrode plates of plasma display panels (PDPs).
  • semiconductor-prepared substrates such as silicon, silicon nitride, polysilicon, silicon oxide, and amorphous silicon, quartz, glass, optical films, ceramic materials, vapor deposition films, magnetic films, reflective films, metal substrates such as Ni, Cu, Cr, and Fe (for example, substrates formed from metals and substrates in which a metal layer is formed by plating,
  • the substrate is preferably a semiconductor-prepared substrate, more preferably a silicon substrate, a Cu substrate, or a mold substrate. These substrates may have a layer such as an adhesion layer made of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) or an oxide layer provided on the surface.
  • HMDS hexamethyldisilazane
  • the shape of the substrate is not particularly limited, and may be circular or rectangular.
  • the size of the substrate is preferably, for example, a diameter of 100 to 450 mm, more preferably 200 to 450 mm, if it is circular, and preferably, a short side length of 100 to 1000 mm, more preferably 200 to 700 mm, if it is rectangular.
  • a plate-shaped substrate preferably a panel-shaped substrate (substrate) is used as the substrate.
  • a resin composition When a film is formed by applying a resin composition to the surface of a resin layer (e.g., a layer made of a cured material) or to the surface of a metal layer, the resin layer or metal layer serves as the substrate.
  • a resin layer e.g., a layer made of a cured material
  • the resin layer or metal layer serves as the substrate.
  • the resin composition is preferably applied to a substrate by coating.
  • the means to be applied include dip coating, air knife coating, curtain coating, wire bar coating, gravure coating, extrusion coating, spray coating, spin coating, slit coating, and inkjet methods. From the viewpoint of uniformity of the thickness of the film, spin coating, slit coating, spray coating, or inkjet methods are preferred, and from the viewpoint of uniformity of the thickness of the film and productivity, spin coating and slit coating are more preferred.
  • a film of a desired thickness can be obtained by adjusting the solid content concentration and coating conditions of the resin composition according to the means to be applied.
  • the coating method can be appropriately selected depending on the shape of the substrate, and if the substrate is a circular substrate such as a wafer, spin coating, spray coating, inkjet, etc. are preferred, and if the substrate is a rectangular substrate, slit coating, spray coating, inkjet, etc. are preferred.
  • the spin coating method for example, it can be applied for about 10 seconds to 3 minutes at a rotation speed of 500 to 3,500 rpm.
  • a coating film formed by applying the coating material to a temporary support in advance using the above-mentioned application method may be transferred onto the substrate.
  • the transfer method the production methods described in paragraphs 0023 and 0036 to 0051 of JP-A No.
  • 2006-023696 and paragraphs 0096 to 0108 of JP-A No. 2006-047592 can be suitably used.
  • a process for removing excess film from the edge of the substrate may be performed, such as edge bead rinsing (EBR) or back rinsing.
  • EBR edge bead rinsing
  • a pre-wetting step may be employed in which, before applying the resin composition to the substrate, the substrate is coated with various solvents to improve the wettability of the substrate, and then the resin composition is applied.
  • the above-mentioned film may be subjected to a step of drying the formed film (layer) (drying step) in order to remove the solvent.
  • the method for producing a cured product of the present invention may include a drying step of drying the film formed in the film forming step.
  • the drying step is preferably carried out after the film-forming step and before the exposure step.
  • the drying temperature of the film in the drying step is preferably 50 to 150° C., more preferably 70 to 130° C., and even more preferably 90 to 110° C. Drying may be performed under reduced pressure.
  • the drying time is, for example, 30 seconds to 20 minutes, preferably 1 to 10 minutes, and more preferably 2 to 7 minutes.
  • the film may be subjected to an exposure step to selectively expose the film to light.
  • the method for producing a cured product may include an exposure step of selectively exposing the film formed in the film formation step to light. Selective exposure means that only a portion of the film is exposed, resulting in exposed and unexposed areas of the film.
  • the amount of exposure light is not particularly limited as long as it can cure the resin composition of the present invention, but is preferably 50 to 10,000 mJ/cm 2 , and more preferably 200 to 8,000 mJ/cm 2 , calculated as exposure energy at a wavelength of 365 nm.
  • the exposure wavelength can be appropriately set in the range of 190 to 1,000 nm, with 240 to 550 nm being preferred.
  • the exposure wavelength may be, in particular, (1) semiconductor laser (wavelength 830 nm, 532 nm, 488 nm, 405 nm, 375 nm, 355 nm, etc.), (2) metal halide lamp, (3) high pressure mercury lamp, g-line (wavelength 436 nm), h-line (wavelength 405 nm), i-line (wavelength 365 nm), broad (three wavelengths of g, h, i-line), (4) excimer laser, KrF excimer laser (wavelength 248 nm), ArF excimer laser (wavelength 193 nm), F2 excimer laser (wavelength 157 nm), (5) extreme ultraviolet light; EUV (wavelength 13.6 nm), (6) electron beam, (7) second harmonic 532 nm, third harmonic 355 nm, etc.
  • semiconductor laser wavelength 830 nm, 532 nm, 488 nm, 405 nm, 375 nm, 3
  • the exposure method is not particularly limited as long as it is a method that exposes at least a part of the film made of the resin composition of the present invention, and examples of the exposure method include exposure using a photomask and exposure by a laser direct imaging method.
  • the film may be subjected to a step of heating after exposure (post-exposure baking step). That is, the method for producing a cured product of the present invention may include a post-exposure baking step of heating the film exposed in the exposure step.
  • the post-exposure baking step can be carried out after the exposure step and before the development step.
  • the heating temperature in the post-exposure baking step is preferably from 50°C to 140°C, and more preferably from 60°C to 120°C.
  • the heating time in the post-exposure baking step is preferably from 30 seconds to 300 minutes, and more preferably from 1 minute to 10 minutes.
  • the heating rate in the post-exposure heating step is preferably from 1 to 12° C./min, more preferably from 2 to 10° C./min, and even more preferably from 3 to 10° C./min, from the temperature at the start of heating to the maximum heating temperature.
  • the rate of temperature rise may be appropriately changed during heating.
  • the heating means in the post-exposure baking step is not particularly limited, and known hot plates, ovens, infrared heaters, etc. can be used. It is also preferable that the heating be performed in an atmosphere of low oxygen concentration by flowing an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, or argon.
  • the film may be subjected to a development step in which the film is developed with a developer to form a pattern.
  • the method for producing a cured product of the present invention may include a development step of developing the film exposed in the exposure step with a developer to form a pattern. Development removes one of the exposed and unexposed areas of the film to form a pattern.
  • development in which the non-exposed portion of the film is removed by the development process is called negative development
  • development in which the exposed portion of the film is removed by the development process is called positive development.
  • the developer used in the development step may be an aqueous alkaline solution or a developer containing an organic solvent.
  • examples of basic compounds that the alkaline aqueous solution may contain include inorganic alkalis, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and quaternary ammonium salts.
  • TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
  • potassium hydroxide sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate, ammonia, ethylamine, n-propylamine, diethylamine, di-n-butylamine, triethylamine, methyldiethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetrapentylammonium hydroxide, tetrahexylammonium hydroxide, tetraoctylammonium hydroxide, ethyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, butyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, methyltriamylammonium hydroxide, dibutyldipentylammonium hydroxide, dimethylbis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammoni
  • the compounds described in paragraph 0387 of WO 2021/112189 can be used as the organic solvent.
  • the organic solvent examples include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, octanol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, methyl isobutyl carbinol, and triethylene glycol
  • examples of amides that are suitable include N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, and dimethylformamide.
  • the organic solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • a developer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of cyclopentanone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and cyclohexanone is particularly preferred, a developer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of cyclopentanone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and dimethylsulfoxide is more preferred, and a developer containing cyclopentanone is particularly preferred.
  • the content of the organic solvent relative to the total mass of the developer is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 80% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more.
  • the content may be 100% by mass.
  • the developer may further comprise other components.
  • other components include known surfactants and known defoamers.
  • the method of supplying the developer is not particularly limited as long as it can form a desired pattern, and includes a method of immersing a substrate on which a film is formed in the developer, a paddle development method in which a developer is supplied to a film formed on a substrate using a nozzle, and a method of continuously supplying the developer.
  • the type of nozzle is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a straight nozzle, a shower nozzle, and a spray nozzle.
  • a method of supplying the developer through a straight nozzle or a method of continuously supplying the developer through a spray nozzle is preferred, and from the viewpoint of the permeability of the developer into the image areas, a method of supplying the developer through a spray nozzle is more preferred.
  • a process may be adopted in which the developer is continuously supplied through a straight nozzle, the substrate is spun to remove the developer from the substrate, and after spin drying, the developer is continuously supplied again through a straight nozzle, and the substrate is spun to remove the developer from the substrate. This process may be repeated multiple times.
  • Methods of supplying the developer in the development step include a step in which the developer is continuously supplied to the substrate, a step in which the developer is kept substantially stationary on the substrate, a step in which the developer is vibrated by ultrasonic waves or the like on the substrate, and a combination of these steps.
  • the development time is preferably 10 seconds to 10 minutes, and more preferably 20 seconds to 5 minutes.
  • the temperature of the developer during development is not particularly specified, but is preferably 10 to 45°C, and more preferably 18°C to 30°C.
  • the pattern may be further washed (rinsed) with a rinse liquid. Also, a method may be adopted in which a rinse liquid is supplied before the developer in contact with the pattern is completely dried.
  • the rinse liquid may be, for example, water.
  • the rinse liquid may be, for example, a solvent different from the solvent contained in the developer (for example, water, an organic solvent different from the organic solvent contained in the developer).
  • the organic solvent include the same organic solvents as those exemplified when the developer contains an organic solvent.
  • the organic solvent contained in the rinse liquid is preferably different from the organic solvent contained in the developer, and more preferably has a lower solubility for the pattern than the organic solvent contained in the developer.
  • the organic solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the organic solvent is preferably cyclopentanone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, cyclohexanone, PGMEA, or PGME, more preferably cyclopentanone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethylsulfoxide, PGMEA, or PGME, and even more preferably cyclohexanone or PGMEA.
  • the organic solvent preferably accounts for 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the rinse solution. Furthermore, the organic solvent may account for 100% by mass, based on the total mass of the rinse solution.
  • the rinse solution may further contain other ingredients.
  • other components include known surfactants and known defoamers.
  • the method of supplying the rinse liquid is not particularly limited as long as it can form a desired pattern, and examples of the method include a method of immersing the substrate in the rinse liquid, a method of supplying the rinse liquid to the substrate by puddling, a method of supplying the rinse liquid to the substrate by showering, and a method of continuously supplying the rinse liquid onto the substrate by means of a straight nozzle or the like.
  • the rinse liquid may be supplied using a shower nozzle, a straight nozzle, a spray nozzle, etc., and the method of continuously supplying the rinse liquid using a spray nozzle is preferred, while from the viewpoint of the permeability of the rinse liquid into the image areas, the method of supplying the rinse liquid using a spray nozzle is more preferred.
  • the type of nozzle is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a straight nozzle, a shower nozzle, a spray nozzle, etc.
  • the rinsing step is preferably a step of supplying a rinsing liquid to the exposed film through a straight nozzle or continuously supplying the rinsing liquid to the exposed film, and more preferably a step of supplying the rinsing liquid through a spray nozzle.
  • the method of supplying the rinsing liquid in the rinsing step may be a step in which the rinsing liquid is continuously supplied to the substrate, a step in which the rinsing liquid is kept substantially stationary on the substrate, a step in which the rinsing liquid is vibrated on the substrate by ultrasonic waves or the like, or a combination of these steps.
  • the rinsing time is preferably 10 seconds to 10 minutes, and more preferably 20 seconds to 5 minutes.
  • the temperature of the rinsing liquid during rinsing is not particularly specified, but is preferably 10 to 45°C, and more preferably 18°C to 30°C.
  • the pattern obtained by the development step (if a rinsing step is performed, the pattern after rinsing) may be subjected to a heating step in which the pattern obtained by the development step is heated. That is, the method for producing a cured product of the present invention may include a heating step of heating the pattern obtained in the development step. The method for producing a cured product of the present invention may also include a heating step of heating a pattern obtained by another method without carrying out a development step, or a film obtained in a film formation step. In the heating step, the resin such as the polyimide precursor is cyclized to become a resin such as a polyimide.
  • the heating temperature (maximum heating temperature) in the heating step is preferably 50 to 450°C, more preferably 150 to 350°C, further preferably 150 to 250°C, even more preferably 160 to 250°C, and particularly preferably 160 to 230°C.
  • the heating step is preferably a step of promoting a cyclization reaction of the polyimide precursor in the pattern by the action of a base generated from the base generator by heating.
  • the heating step is preferably performed at a temperature rise rate of 1 to 12° C./min from the starting temperature to the maximum heating temperature.
  • the temperature rise rate is more preferably 2 to 10° C./min, and even more preferably 3 to 10° C./min.
  • the temperature is increased from the starting temperature to the maximum heating temperature at a rate of preferably 1 to 8° C./sec, more preferably 2 to 7° C./sec, and even more preferably 3 to 6° C./sec.
  • the temperature at the start of heating is preferably 20°C to 150°C, more preferably 20°C to 130°C, and even more preferably 25°C to 120°C.
  • the temperature at the start of heating refers to the temperature at which the process of heating to the maximum heating temperature begins.
  • the resin composition of the present invention when applied to a substrate and then dried, it is the temperature of the film (layer) after drying, and it is preferable to raise the temperature from a temperature 30 to 200°C lower than the boiling point of the solvent contained in the resin composition.
  • the heating time (heating time at the maximum heating temperature) is preferably 5 to 360 minutes, more preferably 10 to 300 minutes, and even more preferably 15 to 240 minutes.
  • the heating temperature is preferably 30° C. or higher, more preferably 80° C. or higher, even more preferably 100° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 120° C. or higher.
  • the upper limit of the heating temperature is preferably 350° C. or less, more preferably 250° C. or less, and even more preferably 240° C. or less.
  • Heating may be performed stepwise. For example, a process may be performed in which the temperature is increased from 25°C to 120°C at 3°C/min, held at 120°C for 60 minutes, increased from 120°C to 180°C at 2°C/min, and held at 180°C for 120 minutes. It is also preferable to treat while irradiating with ultraviolet light as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,159,547. Such a pretreatment process can improve the properties of the film.
  • the pretreatment process is preferably performed for a short time of about 10 seconds to 2 hours, more preferably 15 seconds to 30 minutes.
  • the pretreatment process may be performed in two or more steps, for example, a first pretreatment process may be performed in the range of 100 to 150°C, and then a second pretreatment process may be performed in the range of 150 to 200°C. Furthermore, after heating, the material may be cooled, and in this case, the cooling rate is preferably 1 to 5° C./min.
  • the heating step is preferably performed in an atmosphere with a low oxygen concentration by flowing an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, or argon, or by performing the heating step under reduced pressure, etc.
  • the oxygen concentration is preferably 50 ppm (volume ratio) or less, and more preferably 20 ppm (volume ratio) or less.
  • the heating means in the heating step is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a hot plate, an infrared oven, an electric heating oven, a hot air oven, and an infrared oven.
  • the pattern obtained by the development step (if a rinsing step is performed, the pattern after rinsing) may be subjected to a post-development exposure step in which the pattern after the development step is exposed to light instead of or in addition to the heating step. That is, the method for producing a cured product of the present invention may include a post-development exposure step of exposing the pattern obtained by the development step.
  • the method for producing a cured product of the present invention may include a heating step and a post-development exposure step, or may include only one of the heating step and the post-development exposure step.
  • the post-development exposure step for example, a reaction in which cyclization of a polyimide precursor or the like proceeds due to exposure of a photobase generator to light, or a reaction in which elimination of an acid-decomposable group proceeds due to exposure of a photoacid generator to light, can be promoted.
  • the post-development exposure step it is sufficient that at least a part of the pattern obtained in the development step is exposed, but it is preferable that the entire pattern is exposed.
  • the exposure dose in the post-development exposure step is preferably 50 to 20,000 mJ/cm 2 , and more preferably 100 to 15,000 mJ/cm 2 , calculated as exposure energy at a wavelength to which the photosensitive compound has sensitivity.
  • the post-development exposure step can be carried out, for example, using the light source in the exposure step described above, and it is preferable to use broadband light.
  • the pattern obtained by the development step may be subjected to a metal layer forming step in which a metal layer is formed on the pattern. That is, the method for producing a cured product of the present invention preferably includes a metal layer forming step of forming a metal layer on the pattern obtained by the development step (preferably subjected to at least one of a heating step and a post-development exposure step).
  • the metal layer can be made of any existing metal type without any particular limitations, and examples include copper, aluminum, nickel, vanadium, titanium, chromium, cobalt, gold, tungsten, tin, silver, and alloys containing these metals, with copper and aluminum being more preferred, and copper being even more preferred.
  • the method for forming the metal layer is not particularly limited, and existing methods can be applied.
  • the methods described in JP 2007-157879 A, JP 2001-521288 A, JP 2004-214501 A, JP 2004-101850 A, U.S. Patent No. 7,888,181 B2, and U.S. Patent No. 9,177,926 B2 can be used.
  • photolithography, PVD (physical vapor deposition), CVD (chemical vapor deposition), lift-off, electrolytic plating, electroless plating, etching, printing, and combinations of these methods are possible.
  • examples of the method include a patterning method that combines sputtering, photolithography, and etching, and a patterning method that combines photolithography and electrolytic plating.
  • a preferred embodiment of plating is electrolytic plating using a copper sulfate or copper cyanide plating solution.
  • the thickness of the metal layer at its thickest point is preferably 0.01 to 50 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • Examples of the field of application of the method for producing the cured product of the present invention or the cured product include insulating films for electronic devices, interlayer insulating films for rewiring layers, stress buffer films, etc.
  • Other examples include etching patterns of sealing films, substrate materials (base films and coverlays for flexible printed circuit boards, interlayer insulating films), or insulating films for mounting applications such as those described above.
  • the method for producing the cured product of the present invention or the cured product of the present invention can also be used for producing printing plates such as offset printing plates or screen printing plates, for etching molded parts, and for producing protective lacquers and dielectric layers in electronics, especially microelectronics.
  • the laminate of the present invention refers to a structure having a plurality of layers each made of the cured product of the present invention.
  • the laminate is a laminate including two or more layers made of a cured product, and may be a laminate including three or more layers.
  • at least one is a layer made of the cured product of the present invention, and from the viewpoint of suppressing shrinkage of the cured product or deformation of the cured product associated with the shrinkage, it is also preferable that all of the layers made of the cured product contained in the laminate are layers made of the cured product of the present invention.
  • the method for producing the laminate of the present invention preferably includes the method for producing the cured product of the present invention, and more preferably includes repeating the method for producing the cured product of the present invention multiple times.
  • the laminate of the present invention preferably includes two or more layers made of a cured product, and includes a metal layer between any two of the layers made of the cured product.
  • the metal layer is preferably formed by the metal layer forming step. That is, the method for producing a laminate of the present invention preferably further includes a metal layer forming step of forming a metal layer on a layer made of a cured product between the steps for producing a cured product which are performed multiple times.
  • a preferred embodiment of the metal layer forming step is as described above.
  • a laminate having at least a layer structure in which three layers, a layer made of a first cured product, a metal layer, and a layer made of a second cured product, are laminated in this order can be mentioned as a preferred example.
  • the layer made of the first cured product and the layer made of the second cured product are preferably layers made of the cured product of the present invention.
  • the resin composition of the present invention used to form the layer made of the first cured product and the resin composition of the present invention used to form the layer made of the second cured product may have the same composition or different compositions.
  • the metal layer in the laminate of the present invention is preferably used as metal wiring such as a rewiring layer.
  • the method for producing the laminate of the present invention preferably includes a lamination step.
  • the lamination process is a series of processes including performing at least one of (a) a film formation process (layer formation process), (b) an exposure process, (c) a development process, and (d) a heating process and a post-development exposure process again on the surface of the pattern (resin layer) or metal layer in this order.
  • at least one of (a) the film formation process and (d) the heating process and the post-development exposure process may be repeated.
  • a metal layer formation process may be included. It goes without saying that the lamination process may further include the above-mentioned drying process and the like as appropriate.
  • a surface activation treatment step may be performed after the exposure step, the heating step, or the metal layer formation step.
  • An example of the surface activation treatment is a plasma treatment. Details of the surface activation treatment will be described later.
  • the lamination step is preferably carried out 2 to 20 times, and more preferably 2 to 9 times.
  • a structure of 2 to 20 resin layers such as resin layer/metal layer/resin layer/metal layer/resin layer/metal layer, is preferred, and a structure of 2 to 9 resin layers is more preferred.
  • the layers may be the same or different in composition, shape, film thickness, etc.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment is one in which, after providing a metal layer, a cured product (resin layer) of the resin composition of the present invention is further formed so as to cover the metal layer.
  • a cured product (resin layer) of the resin composition of the present invention is further formed so as to cover the metal layer.
  • the following may be repeated in this order: (a) film formation step, (b) exposure step, (c) development step, (d) at least one of a heating step and a post-development exposure step, and (e) metal layer formation step; or (a) film formation step, (d) at least one of a heating step and a post-development exposure step, and (e) metal layer formation step.
  • the method for producing a laminate of the present invention preferably includes a surface activation treatment step of subjecting at least a portion of the metal layer and the resin composition layer to a surface activation treatment.
  • the surface activation treatment step is usually carried out after the metal layer formation step, but after the above-mentioned development step (preferably after at least one of the heating step and the post-development exposure step), the resin composition layer may be subjected to a surface activation treatment step before the metal layer formation step is carried out.
  • the surface activation treatment may be performed on at least a part of the metal layer, or on at least a part of the resin composition layer after exposure, or on at least a part of both the metal layer and the resin composition layer after exposure.
  • the surface activation treatment is preferably performed on at least a part of the metal layer, and it is preferable to perform the surface activation treatment on a part or all of the area of the metal layer on which the resin composition layer is formed on the surface. In this way, by performing the surface activation treatment on the surface of the metal layer, the adhesion with the resin composition layer (film) provided on the surface can be improved. It is preferable to perform the surface activation treatment on a part or the whole of the resin composition layer (resin layer) after exposure. In this way, by performing the surface activation treatment on the surface of the resin composition layer, it is possible to improve the adhesion with the metal layer or the resin layer provided on the surface that has been surface-activated.
  • the resin composition layer when performing negative development, etc., when the resin composition layer is cured, it is less likely to be damaged by the surface treatment, and the adhesion is likely to be improved.
  • the surface activation treatment can be carried out, for example, by the method described in paragraph 0415 of WO 2021/112189, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the present invention also discloses a semiconductor device comprising the cured product or laminate of the present invention.
  • the present invention also discloses a method for producing a semiconductor device, which includes the method for producing the cured product or the method for producing the laminate of the present invention.
  • semiconductor devices using the resin composition of the present invention for forming an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer the descriptions in paragraphs 0213 to 0218 and FIG. 1 of JP-A-2016-027357 can be referred to, and the contents of these are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the resin according to the first aspect of the present invention is a polyimide containing a repeating unit represented by the above formula (2-1).
  • Preferred aspects of the resin according to the first aspect of the present invention are the same as the preferred aspects of the first specific resin described above.
  • the resin according to the second aspect of the present invention is a polyimide precursor containing a repeating unit represented by the above formula (2-2).
  • Preferred aspects of the resin according to the second aspect of the present invention are the same as the preferred aspects of the second specific resin described above.
  • the carboxylic acid dianhydride of the present invention is the carboxylic acid dianhydride represented by the above formula (1-1).
  • the method for producing a resin of the present invention is a method for producing the resin related to the first aspect of the present invention or the resin related to the second aspect of the present invention, and comprises polymerizing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid dianhydride represented by formula (1-1) and a compound represented by formula (1-2) with a diamine.
  • the details of the method for producing the resin are the same as those of the method for producing the specific resin described above.
  • A-2 to A-9 were synthesized in the same manner as for the dinitro compound A-1.
  • the structures of A-2 to A-9 are shown below.
  • AA-2 to AA-9 were synthesized in the same manner as for the diamine compound AA-1, except that A-2 to A-9 were used instead of A-1.
  • the structures of AA-2 to AA-9 are shown below.
  • the reaction solution was transferred to a separatory funnel, dissolved in 1 L of ethyl acetate, washed twice each with 300 mL of water, 200 mL of 0.5N hydrochloric acid, 300 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate water, and 300 mL of saturated saline, in that order, dried over sodium sulfate, and the solvent was removed with an evaporator to obtain crude crystals.
  • the crude crystals were then mixed with 100 mL of acetic anhydride, stirred at 80° C. for 3 hours, filtered, washed with 300 mL of hexane, and dried at 40° C. for 24 hours to obtain 18.5 g of dianhydride AAA-1 having a vinylphenyl group.
  • AAA-2 to AAA-13 were synthesized in the same manner as for the above dianhydride AAA-1, except that AA-1 was replaced with any of AA-2 to AA-13.
  • the structures of AAA-2 to AAA-13 are shown below.
  • the resin was reslurried in 1L of water, filtered, then reslurried again in 1L of methanol, filtered, and dried under reduced pressure at 40°C for 10 hours.
  • the dried resin was then dissolved in 200g of tetrahydrofuran, 30g of ion exchange resin (MB-1: manufactured by Organo Corporation) was added, stirred for 4 hours, the ion exchange resin was removed by filtration, and the polyimide resin was precipitated in 2L of methanol and stirred for 15 minutes.
  • the polyimide resin was obtained by filtration and dried under reduced pressure at 45°C for 1 day to obtain polyimide resin (SP-1).
  • the weight average molecular weight of the obtained polyimide (SP-1) was 17,200, and the number average molecular weight was 7,600.
  • the imidization rate was 98%.
  • Polyimide (SP-1) is a resin having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (SP-1).
  • the structure of the repeating unit was determined from 1H -NMR spectrum. In the following structures, the subscripts of the repeating units indicate the molar ratio of each repeating unit. In the above and following Synthesis Examples, unless otherwise specified, the weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight were measured by the following methods.
  • GPC measurements were performed using a high-speed GPC device HLC-8420GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), a TSK guard column Super AW-H (4.6 mm x 35 mm) as a guard column, and two TSKgel Super AWM-H (4.6 mm x 150 mm) columns connected in series.
  • HLC-8420GPC manufactured by Tosoh Corporation
  • TSK guard column Super AW-H 4.6 mm x 35 mm
  • TSKgel Super AWM-H 4.6 mm x 150 mm
  • SP-2 to SP-11 Synthesis of Polyimides (SP-2 to SP-11)> SP-2 to SP-11 were synthesized in the same manner as SP-1, except that the diamine and dianhydride were appropriately changed.
  • Polyimides (SP-2) to (SP-11) are resins having repeating units represented by the following formulas SP-2 to SP-11, respectively. The structure of each repeating unit was determined from 1 H-NMR spectrum. In the following structures, the subscripts in parentheses indicate the molar ratio of each structure. The weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight and imidization rate of these resins are shown in the table below.
  • the resin was reslurried in 1 L of water for 30 minutes, filtered, and then reslurried again in 1 L of methanol, filtered, and dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. for 10 hours.
  • the dried resin was dissolved in 250 g of tetrahydrofuran and 20 g of water, 40 g of ion exchange resin (MB-1: manufactured by Organo Corporation) was added, stirred for 4 hours, and the ion exchange resin was removed by filtration, and then the polyimide resin was precipitated in 2 L of methanol and stirred for 15 minutes.
  • the polyimide resin was obtained by filtration and dried at 45 ° C. under reduced pressure for 1 day to obtain a polyimide resin (SP-12).
  • the resulting polyimide (SP-12) had a weight average molecular weight of 14,100, a number average molecular weight of 5,900, and an imidization rate of 85%.
  • the mixture was cooled to 25° C. and diluted with 200 g of tetrahydrofuran. Subsequently, the reaction solution was dropped into a mixture of 1.5 L of methanol and 0.5 L of water, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes, and the polyimide resin was filtered. Next, the resin was reslurried in 1 L of water for 30 minutes, filtered, and then reslurried again in 1 L of methanol, filtered, and dried under reduced pressure at 40° C. for 10 hours.
  • the resin dried above was dissolved in 250 g of tetrahydrofuran, 40 g of ion exchange resin (MB-1: manufactured by Organo Corporation) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours. After the ion exchange resin was removed by filtration, the polyimide resin was precipitated in 2 L of methanol and stirred for 15 minutes. The polyimide resin was obtained by filtration, and dried under reduced pressure at 45° C. for 1 day to obtain a polyimide resin (SP-13). The resulting polyimide (SP-13) had a weight average molecular weight of 18,700, a number average molecular weight of 7,600, and an imidization rate of 99%.
  • SP-13 polyimide
  • the resin was reslurried in 1 L of water, filtered, and then reslurried again in 1 L of methanol, filtered, and dried under reduced pressure at 40° C. for 8 hours.
  • the resin dried above was dissolved in 300 g of tetrahydrofuran, 40 g of ion exchange resin (MB-1: manufactured by Organo Corporation) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours.
  • the ion exchange resin was removed by filtration, and then the polyimide resin was precipitated in 2 L of methanol and stirred for 15 minutes.
  • the polyimide resin was obtained by filtration and dried at 45° C. under reduced pressure for 1 day to obtain polyimide resin (SP-14).
  • Polyimide (SP-14) is a resin having a repeating unit represented by the following formula SP-14.
  • the structure of the repeating unit was determined from 1 H-NMR spectrum. In the following structure, the subscripts of the repeating units represent the molar ratio of each repeating unit.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the obtained polyimide resin SP-14 was 21,500, and the number average molecular weight was 8,600.
  • the imidization rate was confirmed by 1 H-NMR and was 95 or more.
  • the C ⁇ C introduction rate (that is, the ratio of the number of carboxylic acid groups in AAA-10 to the number of vinylphenylmethyl groups introduced via bonding with 4-(chloromethyl)styrene) was 99%.
  • SP-15 to SP-17 Synthesis of Polyimides (SP-15 to SP-17)> SP-15 to SP-17 were synthesized in the same manner as SP-14, except that the diamine and dianhydride were appropriately changed.
  • Polyimides (SP-15) to (SP-17) are resins having repeating units represented by the following formulas SP-15 to SP-17, respectively. The structure of each repeating unit was determined from 1 H-NMR spectrum. In the following structures, the subscripts in parentheses indicate the molar ratio of each structure. The weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight and imidization rate of these resins are shown in the table below.
  • the ion exchange resin was removed by filtration, and then the polyimide precursor was precipitated in 3 L of water, and the water-polyimide precursor mixture was stirred at a speed of 500 rpm for 15 minutes.
  • the polyimide precursor was obtained by filtration, stirred again in 4 L of water for 30 minutes, filtered again, and dried at 45° C. for 24 hours to obtain a polyimide precursor (SA-1).
  • the weight average molecular weight of the obtained polyimide precursor (SA-1) was 15,200, and the number average molecular weight was 6,800.
  • the imidization rate was 2%. It is assumed that the polyimide precursor (SA-1) is a resin having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (SA-1).
  • Polyimide precursors (SA-2) to (SA-7) were synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example SA-1, except that the raw materials were appropriately changed.
  • Polyimide precursors (SA-2) to (SA-7) are resins having repeating units represented by the following formulae SA-2 to SA-7, respectively.
  • the structure of each repeating unit was determined from 1 H-NMR spectrum. In the following structures, the subscripts in parentheses represent the molar ratio of each structure. The weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight and imidization rate of these resins are shown in the table below.
  • CA-1 The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of CA-1 was 32,200, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) was 12,800. It was confirmed by 1 H-NMR spectrum that the structure of CA-1 is mainly composed of the structure represented by the following formula (CA-1). The 1 H-NMR measurement results showed that the introduction rate of the crosslinking group was 50%.
  • BA-1 ⁇ Synthesis of Additive: BA-1> In a recovery flask equipped with a thermometer and a calcium chloride tube, 5.00 g (19.2 mmol) of 4,4''-diamino-p-phenyl was dissolved in 40 g of dimethylformamide. Then, 8.60 g (39.4 mmol) of t-butyl dicarbonate was added and stirred at 60°C for 3 hours. The reaction solution was crystallized in 500 mL of acetone, and the precipitate was filtered, collected, and dried at 40°C for 24 hours to obtain 5.9 g of the target product (BA-1). The structure of BA-1 is shown below: The structure was confirmed to be as shown below by 1 H-NMR spectrum.
  • BC-1 ⁇ Synthesis of Additive: BC-1> 6.20 g (20 mmol) of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride, 4.93 g (41 mmol) of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and 44.5 g of tetrahydrofuran were weighed into a flask and stirred for 12 hours at 60° C. Subsequently, this reaction liquid was transferred to an eggplant flask, and the solvent was removed with an evaporator, yielding 11 g of BC-1 (isomer mixture). It was confirmed that this was BC-1 by 1 H-NMR spectrum. BC-1 was a mixture of isomers with the following three structures.
  • the precipitate formed in the reaction mixture was collected by filtration to obtain a reaction liquid.
  • the obtained reaction solution was added to 3 L of ethyl alcohol to produce a precipitate consisting of a crude polymer.
  • the produced crude polymer was filtered and dissolved in 1.5 L of tetrahydrofuran to obtain a crude polymer solution.
  • the obtained crude polymer solution was dropped into 28 L of water to precipitate the polymer, and the obtained precipitate was filtered and then vacuum dried to obtain a powdered polymer CA-2.
  • CA-2 had a weight average molecular weight of 32,100 and a number average molecular weight of 12,500.
  • Examples and Comparative Examples> In each of the examples, the components shown in the following table were mixed to obtain a resin composition. In each of the comparative examples, the components shown in the following table were mixed to obtain a comparative composition. Specifically, the content of each component shown in the table is the amount (parts by mass) shown in the "Amount Added" column of each column in the table. The obtained resin composition and comparative composition were filtered under pressure using a polytetrafluoroethylene filter having a pore width of 0.5 ⁇ m. In the table, "-" indicates that the composition does not contain the corresponding component.
  • the transmittance of the cured product at a wavelength of 365 nm was 10% or more.
  • the cured product was obtained by applying the resin composition to a silicon wafer, drying it at 100° C. for 5 minutes, exposing the entire surface to i-rays with an exposure energy of 500 mJ/cm 2 , and then heating it at a heating rate of 10° C./min under a nitrogen atmosphere and heating it at 230° C. for 180 minutes.
  • B-1 SR-209: SR-209 (manufactured by Sartomer, melting point: 25°C or less)
  • B-2 ADPH: dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., melting point: 25°C or less)
  • B-3 Tris(2-acryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
  • GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • MDMPA KJCMPA-100 (KJ Chemicals Co., Ltd.)
  • F-1 to F-3 Compounds having the following structures
  • G-1 1,4-benzoquinone
  • G-2 4-methoxyphenol
  • G-3 1,4-dihydroxybenzene
  • G-4 Compound of the following structure
  • G-5 2-nitroso-1-naphthol (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
  • J-1 Nymeen (registered trademark) L-202 (manufactured by NOF Corporation)
  • J-2 Nonion E-212 (manufactured by NOF Corp.)
  • J-3 MEGAFACE EFS-801 (manufactured by Dai Nippon Ink Co., Ltd.)
  • J-4 Shin-Etsu Silicone KF6028 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.)
  • the film was then developed for 15 seconds with the developer described in the "Developer” column of the table, rinsed with PGMEA for 30 seconds, and heated at a temperature increase rate of 10° C./min under a nitrogen atmosphere, and heated at the temperature and curing time described in the "Curing Conditions” column of the table to obtain a hole pattern with a diameter of 3 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the hole pattern that was formed was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The evaluation results are described in the "Resolution” column of the table. The image was analyzed using a SEM (scanning electron microscope), and it was determined that the resolution was possible when the residual film rate at the bottom of the hole was 1% or less.
  • a hole pattern with a diameter of up to 3 ⁇ m was resolvable.
  • B A hole pattern with a diameter of 5 ⁇ m could be resolved, but a hole pattern with a diameter of 3 ⁇ m could not be resolved.
  • C A hole pattern with a diameter of 7 ⁇ m could be resolved, but a hole pattern with a diameter of 5 ⁇ m could not be resolved.
  • D A hole pattern with a diameter of 10 ⁇ m could be resolved, but a hole pattern with a diameter of 7 ⁇ m could not be resolved.
  • E A hole pattern with a diameter of 10 ⁇ m could not be resolved.
  • the exposure was performed at a wavelength of 365 nm through a hole pattern mask in which a hole pattern with a diameter of 15 ⁇ m was formed.
  • the film was developed for 15 seconds with the developer shown in the "Developer” column of the table, rinsed with PGMEA for 30 seconds, and the film thickness after development (film thickness B) was measured using a SEM (scanning electron microscope) and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
  • the evaluation results are shown in the "Development residual film property" column of the table.
  • the residual film rate after development was calculated as film thickness B/film thickness A x 100 (%). It can be said that the higher the residual film rate, the better the film residual property after development.
  • B The remaining film rate was 85% or more and less than 90%.
  • C The remaining film rate was 80% or more and less than 85%.
  • D The remaining film rate was less than 80%.
  • the resin composition or the comparative composition was applied to a silicon wafer by spin coating to form a resin composition layer.
  • the silicon wafer to which the resin composition layer was applied was dried on a hot plate at 100° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a uniform resin composition layer having a thickness of about 15 ⁇ m on the silicon wafer.
  • the entire surface of the obtained resin composition layer was exposed to i-line light at an exposure energy of 500 mJ/cm 2 using a stepper (Nikon NSR 2005 i9C).
  • the resin composition layer (resin layer) after the exposure was heated at a heating rate of 10° C./min under a nitrogen atmosphere, and after reaching the temperature described in the “Temperature” column of the “Curing Conditions” in the table, it was heated for the time described in the “Time” column of the table.
  • the cured resin layer (cured film) was immersed in a 4.9% by mass hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, and the cured film was peeled off from the silicon wafer.
  • the peeled cured film was punched out using a punching machine to prepare a test piece with a sample width of 3 mm and a sample length of 30 mm.
  • the elongation (displacement) of the test piece (cured product) was measured while changing the temperature using a thermomechanical analyzer/thermal expansion coefficient measuring device, Discovery TMA, manufactured by TA Instruments Japan.
  • the temperature increase and decrease conditions during the evaluation were as follows (1) to (4). (1) The temperature was increased from room temperature to 130° C. at a rate of 5° C./min. (2) The temperature was decreased from 130° C. to 10° C. at a rate of 5° C./min. (3) The temperature was increased from 10° C. to 220° C. at a rate of 5° C./min. (4) Allow to cool naturally to room temperature.
  • the elongation (displacement) of the sample was measured during the temperature increase and decrease processes of (1) to (4) above, and the thermal expansion coefficient was calculated by dividing the elongation (displacement) of the sample at 25° C. and 125° C. in process (3) by the temperature.
  • CTE was 35 ppm/K or less.
  • B CTE was more than 35 ppm/K and not more than 50 ppm/K.
  • C CTE was more than 50 ppm/K and not more than 65 ppm/K.
  • D CTE exceeded 65 ppm/K.
  • the resin composition or comparative composition prepared in each Example and Comparative Example was applied in a layer form on a copper substrate by spin coating, respectively, to form a resin composition layer or comparative composition layer.
  • the copper substrate on which the obtained resin composition layer or comparative composition layer was formed was dried on a hot plate at 100° C. for 5 minutes to form a resin composition layer or comparative composition layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m and a uniform thickness on the copper substrate.
  • the resin composition layer or comparative composition layer on the copper substrate was exposed to i-rays using a stepper (Nikon NSR 2005 i9C) with an exposure energy of 500 mJ/cm 2 using a photomask having a square unmasked portion of 100 ⁇ m square, and then developed for 60 seconds with the developer described in the “Developer” column of the table, and rinsed with propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) to obtain a square resin layer of 100 ⁇ m square. Further, the coating was heated in a heating oven under a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature shown in the "Temperature” column for the time shown in the "Time” column to form a resin layer (pattern).
  • a stepper Nekon NSR 2005 i9C
  • PMMA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
  • D The void area ratio exceeded 0.5%.
  • Example 101 The resin composition used in Example 1 was applied in a layer form by spin coating on the surface of the copper thin layer of the resin substrate on which the copper thin layer was formed, and dried at 100°C for 4 minutes to form a resin composition layer with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and then exposed using a stepper (Nikon Corporation, NSR1505 i6). Exposure was performed at a wavelength of 365 nm through a mask (a binary mask with a 1:1 line and space pattern and a line width of 10 ⁇ m). After exposure, the substrate was heated at 100°C for 4 minutes. After the heating, the substrate was developed with cyclohexanone for 2 minutes and rinsed with PGMEA for 30 seconds to obtain a layer pattern.
  • a stepper Nakon Corporation, NSR1505 i6
  • Exposure was performed at a wavelength of 365 nm through a mask (a binary mask with a 1:1 line and space pattern and a line width of 10 ⁇ m). After exposure, the substrate was heated at 100°C for 4
  • the temperature was increased at a rate of 10° C./min in a nitrogen atmosphere, and after reaching 230° C., the temperature was maintained at 230° C. for 3 hours to form an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer.
  • This interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer had excellent insulating properties. Furthermore, when semiconductor devices were manufactured using these interlayer insulating films for redistribution layers, it was confirmed that they operated without any problems.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne : une composition de résine photosensible contenant une résine qui est un polyimide contenant un motif récurrent représenté par la formule (2-1) et un initiateur de photopolymérisation ; un produit durci obtenu par le durcissement de la composition ; un stratifié contenant le produit durci ; un procédé de production du produit durci ; un procédé de production du stratifié ; un procédé de production de dispositif à semi-conducteur comprenant le procédé de production du produit durci ; et un dispositif à semi-conducteur contenant le produit durci. Dans la formule (2-1), X2 représente un groupe structural spécifique contenant un groupe vinylphényle, Y1 représente un groupe organique ayant au moins 4 atomes de carbone, chaque R1 représente indépendamment une structure spécifique ayant un groupe polymérisable, et n représente un nombre entier compris entre 0 et 4.
PCT/JP2024/034387 2023-09-29 2024-09-26 Composition de résine photosensible, produit durci, stratifié, procédé de production de produit durci, procédé de production de stratifié, procédé de production de dispositif à semi-conducteur, dispositif à semi-conducteur, résine, procédé de production de résine et dianhydride d'acide carboxylique Pending WO2025070586A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101807001A (zh) * 2010-03-17 2010-08-18 长兴化学工业股份有限公司 感光性树脂组合物及其应用
WO2021107024A1 (fr) * 2019-11-27 2021-06-03 富士フイルム株式会社 Composition de résine durcissable, film durci, produit stratifié, procédé de production d'un film durci, dispositif à semi-conducteur et résine
JP2023004156A (ja) * 2021-06-25 2023-01-17 住友ベークライト株式会社 ネガ型感光性ポリマー
WO2023106101A1 (fr) * 2021-12-09 2023-06-15 日産化学株式会社 Composition de résine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101807001A (zh) * 2010-03-17 2010-08-18 长兴化学工业股份有限公司 感光性树脂组合物及其应用
WO2021107024A1 (fr) * 2019-11-27 2021-06-03 富士フイルム株式会社 Composition de résine durcissable, film durci, produit stratifié, procédé de production d'un film durci, dispositif à semi-conducteur et résine
JP2023004156A (ja) * 2021-06-25 2023-01-17 住友ベークライト株式会社 ネガ型感光性ポリマー
WO2023106101A1 (fr) * 2021-12-09 2023-06-15 日産化学株式会社 Composition de résine

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