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WO2025068226A2 - Procédés de protection de plantes à l'aide de mélanges comprenant du soufre et des terpènes sélectionnés - Google Patents

Procédés de protection de plantes à l'aide de mélanges comprenant du soufre et des terpènes sélectionnés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025068226A2
WO2025068226A2 PCT/EP2024/076850 EP2024076850W WO2025068226A2 WO 2025068226 A2 WO2025068226 A2 WO 2025068226A2 EP 2024076850 W EP2024076850 W EP 2024076850W WO 2025068226 A2 WO2025068226 A2 WO 2025068226A2
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Prior art keywords
limonene
sulfur
weight
terpinene
thymol
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WO2025068226A3 (fr
Inventor
Raffaello ZITO
Ulla HILSINGER
Dieter Strobel
Vanessa Tegge
Nadine RIEDIGER
Christian Sowa
Annett KUEHN
Ulrike Malang
Markus FIESS
Lutz Brahm
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/02—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/36—Rutaceae [Rue family], e.g. lime, orange, lemon, corktree or pricklyash
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P3/00—Fungicides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods for protecting plants using mixtures comprising sulfur and selected terpenes as well as to mixtures of sulfur and selected terpenes and fungicidal compositions comprising such mixtures.
  • Crop plants are under constant threat by plant pathogens and plant pests. Thus, there is a constant need to develop a broad toolkit of alternative pesticides to protect crop plants and to improve on the shortcomings of existing pesticides.
  • One interest is to develop pesticides based on natural compounds, which show the same performance and ease of application as comparable pesticides based on synthetic compounds.
  • Sulfur is mainly used to protect fruits, vegetables and grapevines against phytopathogenic fungi, mites and insects, like aphids.
  • Sulfur fungicides are generally formulated as wettable powders or water dispersible granules. Sulfur wettable powder formulations are dusty and pose a risk to the user, mostly because of eye irritation, inhalation risk and skin irritation. Granular formulations are less dusty, but more expensive in production.
  • An improved formulation type are suspension concentrates.
  • water-based suspension concentrates of sulfur frequently show sedimentation during storage which is difficult to re-suspend and tend to form a supernatant serum. Sulfur particles formed during storage may block spray nozzles.
  • Another problem of water-based suspension concentrates is a low pourability and a high viscosity, which reduces the ease of application for the user of these formulations.
  • Variants of water-based suspension concentrates comprising different kinds of fatty acid or terpene-based plant oils have been described in W003/086073, which describes a composition to control grapevine powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), comprising sulfur and a 40% soybean oil in water emulsion.
  • Sulfur has limited applications in crops like wheat, barley, rye, triticale, oat, sugar and fodder beets. While sulfur protects these crops well against powdery mildews, like Blumeria graminis (also known as Erysiphe graminis), it requires high application rates of 6 to 8 kg of sulfur per hectare (ha) per treatment. Even at these high rates, sulfur shows insufficient effects against other phytopathogenic fungi of these crops. Accordingly, there is a need in the art to improve the protective effects of sulfur-based fungicides against other phytopathogenic fungi of these crops and/or to identify ways to apply sulfur in these crops which allow for a lower application rate per hectare and year.
  • Blumeria graminis also known as Erysiphe graminis
  • Terpenes are a diverse group of natural compounds and are parts of many plant essential oils. Their basic structure can be visualized as the result of linking isoprene (CsHs) units "head to tail” to form chains and rings. They are further classified depending on the amount of isoprene units used for their basic structure. Examples for these subgroups are monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes. Monoterpenes comprise two isoprene units and C10H16 in their basic structure, sesquiterpenes comprise three and diterpenes four isoprene units.
  • CsHs isoprene
  • WO2022/101613 describes a bio-fungicide composition comprising microencapsulated essential oils or isolated terpenes.
  • WO2019/207112 describes a fungicidal mixture of limonene, cinnamaldehyde and one or more terpinenes, which can be used to replace other fungicides and thereby reduce the amount of other fungicides, like sulfur and copper, in spray regimes to protect plants. It describes that using the particular terpene mixture in spray regimes has the potential to reduce the total amount of sulfur in a spray regime from 100 to 120 kg to 10 to 12 kg per season.
  • WO2016/004326 discloses a seed, soil, or plant treatment composition, comprising one or more essential oils and one or more emulsifiers, wherein the one or more essential oils are present as an emulsion and the average particle size of the one or more essential oils in the emulsion is less than about 25 microns.
  • this plant treatment composition can be combined with several pesticides, including fungicides, such as sulfur. While these documents describe effects of sulfur and terpenes for protecting plants against fungal attack, they do not describe, how these compounds can be used together, without reducing the effectiveness of sulfur against fungal or insect pests and or to avoid enhanced phytotoxicity effects based on the combination of these compounds.
  • FR2599592 describes an antifungal composition (Helio- sulfre®), comprising suspended micronized sulfur in in an emulsion of pine oil and water and one or more surfactants.
  • One liter of this suspension concentrate comprises typically 60 to 170 g of pine oil; 25 to 70 g of surfactants; 400 to 1000 g of micronized or finely ground sulfur.
  • a combination of nanoparticulated sulfur with essential orange oil has been described as Oro Solve®.
  • Cesar et al. 2019, “"Nanoparticulated Sulfur and Essential Orange Oil (Oro Solve®) Increases Efficiency of Euschistus heros Control", Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci., 12(6): 111-120, describes that Oro Solve® is composed of orange essential oil + 45% nanoparticulate elemental sulfur, giving a concentration of 585 g per liter.
  • Oro Solve® has not been commercially successful and discontinued, which points to a general problem in the art, which is the difficulty to create stable formulations comprising particulate sulfur and mineral or plant oils, e.g., see paragraph [0007] of EP2904903, lines 33 to 55 in the right column of US6835719 and paragraphs [0006] to [0017] of US2014/0044765, these problems include stability of the formulation itself, reduced effectiveness of sulfur against fungal or insect pests, enhanced phytotoxicity and degradation of organic oils. For these reasons many labels of sulfur products advise not to use them as a tank mix with oil comprising products and to avoid applying sulfur and oil independently during a time frame of 30 days on plants.
  • Described herein are methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi selected from the genera, Puccinia, Erysiphe, Blumeria, Septoria, Cercospora, Sclerotinia, Pyrenophora, Ramularia, Fusarium, Venturia, Diplocarpon and Podo- sphaera using mixtures of sulfur and at least one terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol, preferably mixtures of sulfur and limonene.
  • the sulfur comprised in the compositions can be elemental sulfur. Elemental sulfur can occur in several different allotropic forms, such as plastic (amorphous) sulfur, monoclinic sulfur, rhombic sulfur composed of ring molecules. The most common form is a ring structure of 8 atoms (S8) usually accompanied by smaller rings of 7 (S7) or 6 (S6) atoms. Elemental sulfur can be mined from fossil-based sulfur deposits of salt domes or from volcanic emissions but is most frequently produced as byproduct of desulfurization of natural gas and petroleum.
  • a further source of elemental sulfur is the oxidation of hydrogen sulphide, e.g. from gas streams, by microorganisms, which produce small particles of elemental sulfur.
  • This type of sulfur is called “biosulfur” and is distinguished from chemically produced sulfur by having a lower density compared to orthorhombic sulfur. Biosulfur particles have also hydrophilic properties whereas orthorhombic sulfur is known to be hydrophobic.
  • the sulfur used in the invention can either be chemically produced sulfur, preferably orthorhombic sulfur, or can be biosulfur.
  • the particle diameter of sulfur is important for the efficacy of the product as a pesticide on crops.
  • the particulate sulfur has preferably a D50 particle size diameter of less than 100 micrometers, preferably less than 50 micrometer, more preferred less than 10 micrometer and even more preferred less than 8 micrometer, most preferred less than 3 micrometer.
  • the D10 particle size diameter and the D90 particle size diameter is usually 1 micrometer for D and 80 micrometer for D90, preferably 1 micrometer for D 10 and 50 micrometer for D90, more preferred 1 micrometer for D10 and 30 micrometer for D90, even more preferred 1 micrometer for D10 and 20 micrometer for D90, and most preferred 1 micrometer for D10 and 10 micrometer for D90.
  • the sulfur has a diameter particle size with an D10 value of 1 micrometer and a D90 value of 8 micrometer and even more preferred with an D50 value of less than 3 micrometer.
  • the D [4;3] value of the particles is preferably between 1 and 8 micrometer, more preferred between 1 and 4 micrometer.
  • the average diameter particle size of biosulfur particles is usually smaller.
  • Biosulfur particles of less than 1 micrometer average diameter are also less phytotoxic than orthorhombic sulfur particles of a similar size.
  • the D50 of diameter particle sizes for biosulfur is less than 10 micrometer, more preferred less than 9 micrometer, more preferred less than 8 micrometer, more preferred less than 7 micrometer, more preferred less than 6 micrometer, less than 5 micrometer, less than 4 micrometer, less than 3 micrometer, more preferred less than 2.5 micrometer, more preferred less than 2 micrometer, more preferred less than 1 micrometer, most preferred less than 0.8 micrometer.
  • the biosulfur has a Dio of 0.1 micrometer and D90 of 8 micrometer average diameter particle size.
  • the D 10, D50, D90 and D[4;3] value are commonly used in the art to describe the size distribution of particles. Methods for determining these values are known in the art and include, for example, the actual size and morphology of the particles using a camera system, and the use of laser diffraction and dynamic light scattering. A preferred method employs laser diffraction, for example by the use of an ANALYSETTE 22 MicroTec plus particle size analyser. Methods available in the art, such as milling, can be used to adapt the average particle size of the sulfur particles to the distribution of particle sizes intended.
  • the suspoemulsion or suspension concentrate formulations of the invention comprise at least one terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol.
  • a reference to the name of terpene also includes a reference to the naturally occurring enantiomers of the respective terpene, e.g. a reference to limonene will comprise a reference to D-Limonene, which is the (R)-enantiomer, and L-limonene, which is the (S)- enantiomer.
  • the selected terpenes can be chemically synthesized or isolated from essential plant oils. Methods to synthesize the selected terpenes are well known in the art. However, the selected terpenes can also be isolated e.g. via centrifugal separation or steam distillation from plant essential oils.
  • essential plant oil comprises one or more of limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol.
  • suitable essential plant oils are: orange oil, tangerine oil, grapefruit oil, lemon oil, mandarin oil, which comprise high amounts of D-limonene.
  • Thyme oil which usually comprises thymol with 23% to 60%, y-terpinene with 18% to 50%, p-cymene with 8% to 44% and carvacrol with 2% to 8%.
  • Oregano oil comprises high amounts of thymol and carvacrol.
  • Pinene can be isolated from pine oil.
  • P-cymene can be found in the oils of cumin and thyme.
  • Eugenol can be isolated from cinnamon oil.
  • Geraniol is a component of citronella oil, rose oil and palmarosa oil.
  • the content of a given terpene in a certain essential oil can vary and will depend on the source of the plant material, such as genotype of the plant, environmental conditions during growth of the plant, harvesting conditions of the plant material, method of extraction and other factors.
  • the limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol or carvacrol has been isolated from an essential plant oil or is provided as part of an essential plant oil.
  • the mixtures used in the described methods may comprise only one of limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol or carvacrol, for example only limonene, preferably D-limonene, but may also comprise more than one of the selected terpenes.
  • Preferred mixtures of the selected terpenes are: a) mixtures of limonene, preferably D-limonene, with at least one of a-terpinene, p-cymene, carvacrol, eugenol, geraniol and thymol- b) mixtures of limonene, preferably D-limonene, with at least one of a-terpinene, p-cymene and carvacrol. c) mixtures of limonene, preferably D-limonene, with at least one of eugenol, geraniol and thymol.
  • the weight/weight ratio between limonene, preferably D-limonene, and one terpene selected from terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol is between 75 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 10 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 8 to 1 to 1 to 1, or between 5 to 1 and 1 to 1 , or between 2 to 1 and 1 to 1 .
  • the weight/weight ratio between limonene, preferably D-limonene, and the combined amount of the one or more of terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol is between 75 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 10 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 8 to 1 to 1 to 1, or between 5 to 1 and 1 to 1 , or between 2 to 1 and 1 to 1.
  • mixtures of the selected terpenes are: a) mixtures of a-terpinene, p-cymene and limonene. b) mixtures of at least two of eugenol, geraniol and thymol.
  • the terpenes selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol may be accompanied by other terpenes, in particular if at least one of limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol is provided as part of an essential plant oil.
  • the weight/weight ratio between the combined amounts of the terpenes, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol, and the combined amounts of other terpenes is between 75 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 10 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 8 to 1 to 1 to 1, or between 5 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 2 to 1 and 1 to 1.
  • the weight/weight ratio between limonene, preferably D-limonene, and the combined amount of terpenes other than, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol is between 75 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1, or be-tween 10 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 8 to 1 to 1 to 1 , or between 5 to 1 and 1 to 1 , or between 2 to 1 and 1 to 1 .
  • the weight/weight ratio between limonene, preferably D-limonene, and the combined amount of terpenes including terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol is between 75 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1, or be-tween 10 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 8 to 1 to 1 to 1, or between 5 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 2 to 1 and 1 to 1 and preferably more than 90 to 1 or higher, 100 to 1 or higher, 300 to 1 or higher, 500 to 1 or higher or 1000 to 1 or higher.
  • the weight/weight ratio of a) the amount of sulfur to the combined amounts of the terpenes, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cy- mene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol is between 100 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 40 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 30 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 24 to 1 and 2 to 10, or between 100 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 40 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 30 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 24 to 1 and 2 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 2.5 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 3 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 4 to 1 , or
  • the invention comprises a method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi selected from the genera, Erysiphe, Blume- ria, Podosphaera, Septoria, Cercospora, Sclerotinia, Pyrenophora, Ramularia, Fusarium, Venturia, and Diplocarpon, comprising contacting the fungi, the plant or the plant parts to be protected against fungal attack with a fungicidally effective amount of a mixture comprising sulfur and at least one terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol.l in a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to the combined amounts of limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrols between 100 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 70 to 1 and 1
  • fungicidally effective amount denotes an amount of the composition, which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants, the treated stored products or harvest, or to the treated materials. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant, stored product, harvest or material and the climatic conditions.
  • the method comprises the steps of a) identifying a plant or a plurality of plants infected or in danger of being infected with at least one fungus selected from the genera, Puccinia, Erysiphe, Blumeria, Podosphaera, Septoria, Cercospora, Sclerotinia, Pyrenophora, Ramularia, Fusarium, Venturia, and Diplocarpon and b) comprising contacting the fungi, the plant, or the plant parts to be protected against fungal attack with a fungicidally effective amount of a mixture comprising sulfur and at least one terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol, in a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to the combined amount of limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugeno
  • the mixture comprises limonene, preferably D-limonene, wherein the weight/weight ratio between sulfur and limonene is between 100 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 40 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 30 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 24 to 1 and 2 to 10, or between 100 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 40 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 30 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 24 to 1 and 2 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 2.5 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 3 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 4 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 5 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 6 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 8 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 12 to 1, or between 20 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between the weight/
  • More preferred at least one fungus is of a genus selected from: Puccinia, Erysiphe, Blumeria, Podosphaera, Septoria, Cercospora, Sclerotinia, Pyrenophora, Ramularia, Fusarium, Venturia, and Diplocarpon.
  • At least one fungus is from a species selected from: Puccinia triticina, Puccinia striiformis, Erysiphe grami- nis, Septoria tritici, Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Ramularia collo-cygni, Fusarium graminearum, Pyrenophora teres and Venturia inegualis.
  • Puccinia triticina Puccinia striiformis
  • Erysiphe grami- nis Septoria tritici
  • Cercospora beticola Cercospora sojina
  • Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Ramularia collo-cygni
  • Fusarium graminearum Pyrenophora teres and Venturia inegualis.
  • More preferred at least one fungus is from a species selected from: Puccinia triticina, Puccinia striiformis, Erysiphe graminis, Septoria tritici, Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Ramularia collo-cygni and Fusarium graminearum.
  • the mixture comprises limonene, preferably D-limonene, wherein the weight/weight ratio between sulfur and limonene is between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 1 to 1 or between 12 to 1 and 1 to 1 and at least one fungus is from a genus selected from: Puccinia, Blumeria, Uncinula, Cercospora, Septoria, Ramularia, Venturia, Rhynchosporium and Sphaerotheca.
  • a genus selected from: Puccinia, Blumeria, Uncinula, Cercospora, Septoria, Ramularia, Venturia, Rhynchosporium and Sphaerotheca.
  • the mixture comprises limonene, preferably D-limonene, wherein the weight/weight ratio between sulfur and limonene is between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 1 to 1 and at least one fungus is from a species selected from: Puccinia triticina, Puccinia recondita, Blumeria graminis, Uncinula necator, Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Septoria tritici, Ramularia collo-cygni, Venturia inaegualis, Rhynchosporium secalis and Sphaerotheca fuliginea.
  • Puccinia triticina Puccinia recondita
  • Blumeria graminis Blumeria graminis
  • Uncinula necator Cercospora beticola
  • Cercospora sojina Septoria tritici
  • Ramularia collo-cygni Venturia inae
  • the mixture comprises limonene, preferably D-limonene, wherein the weight/weight ratio between sulfur and limonene is between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 1 to 1 and at least one fungus is from a species selected from: Puccinia triticina, Puccinia recondita, Blumeria graminis, Uncinula necator, Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Septoria tritici, Ramularia collo-cygni, Venturia inaegualis, Rhynchosporium secalis and Sphaerotheca fuliginea.
  • Puccinia triticina Puccinia recondita
  • Blumeria graminis Blumeria graminis
  • Uncinula necator Cercospora beticola
  • Cercospora sojina Septoria tritici
  • Ramularia collo-cygni Venturia inae
  • the mixture comprises limonene, preferably D-limonene, wherein the weight/weight ratio between sulfur and limonene is between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 1 to 1 and at least one fungus is from a species selected from: Puccinia recondita, Cercospora sojina and Sphaerotheca fuliginea.
  • the mixture comprises limonene, preferably D-limonene, wherein the weight/weight ratio between sulfur and limonene is between 18 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 16 to 1 and 1 to 1 and at least one fungus is from a species selected from: Cercospora beticola and Venturia inaegualis.
  • the mixture comprises limonene, preferably D-limonene, wherein the weight/weight ratio between sulfur and limonene is between 15 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 12 to 1 and 1 to 1 and at least one fungus is from a species selected from: Puccinia triticina, Blumeria graminis, Uncinula necator, Septoria tritici, Ramularia collo-cygni and Rhynchosporium secalis.
  • the mixture is applied when the phytopathogenic fungi is present or infections are likely due to the weather conditions.
  • the invention comprises also a method for controlling or reducing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat, barley, rye or oat, comprising a) identifying a plant or a plurality of plants infected or in danger of being infected by Fusarium head blight and b) contacting the fungi, the plant or the plant parts infected or in danger of being infected by Fusarium head blight with a fungicidally effective amount of a mixture comprising sulfur and at least one terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol, wherein the weight/weight ratio of the amount of sulfur to the combined amount of at least one terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol
  • At least one of the selected terpenes is limonene, preferably D-limonene, in a weight/weight ratio between sulfur and limonene is between 100 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 40 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 30 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 24 to 1 and 2 to 10, or between 100 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 40 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 30 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 24 to 1 and 2 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 2.5 to 1 , or between
  • the weight/weight ratio of a) the amount of sulfur to the amount of limonene, preferably D-limonene, and the combined amount of terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol is between 100 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 40 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 30 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 24 to 1 and 2 to 10, or between 100 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 40 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 30 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 24 to 1 and 2 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 2.5 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 3 to 1 , or between 24 to to
  • 1 to 1 or be-tween 10 to 1 and 1 to 1 , or between 8 to 1 to 1 to 1 , or between 5 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 2 to 1 and 1 to 1 and preferably more than 90 to 1 or higher, 100 to 1 or higher, 300 to 1 or higher, 500 to 1 or higher or 1000 to 1 or higher.
  • Fusarium head blight is caused by several species of the fungal genus Fusarium.
  • Fusarium graminearum is the species that causes the most serious damage to crops.
  • Fungi of the genus Fusarium are known to produce mycotoxins.
  • Fusarium graminearum frequently produces zearalenone and trichothecenes, such as nivalenol, deox- ynivalenol (DON) and/or acetylated derivatives of DON such as 3-acetyl-DON and 15-acetyl-DON.
  • Fungi of the genus Cercospora are known to produce mycotoxins called cercosporins.
  • the invention comprises a method to reduce the amount of mycotoxins present in plant material, comprising the steps of a) identifying a plant or a plurality of plants infected or in danger of being infected by mycotoxin producing fungi, preferably the mycotoxin producing fungi belong to the genus Fusarium or Cercospora, and b) contacting the fungi, the plant or the plant parts infected or in danger of being infected by mycotoxin producing fungi with a fungicidal ly effective amount of a mixture comprising sulfur and at least one terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol, wherein the weight/weight ratio of the amount of sulfur to the combined amount of at least one terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene,
  • At least one of the selected terpenes is limonene, preferably D-limonene, in a weight/weight ratio between sulfur and limonene is between 100 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 65 to 1 and 4 to 1 , or between 63 to 1 and 2 to 1 , or between 30 to 1 and 1 to 1 , or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 2 to 1 or between 12 to 1 and 2 to 1 , or between 5 to 1 and 2 to 1.
  • the weight/weight ratio of a) the amount of sulfur to the amount of limonene, preferably D-limonene, and the combined amount of terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol is between 100 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 40 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 30 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 24 to 1 and 2 to 10, or between 100 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 40 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 30 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 24 to 1 and 2 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 2.5 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 3 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 to 1
  • the phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Puccinia are preferably selected from the species Puccinia triticina, Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae, Puccinia graminis f. sp. poae, Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola, Puccinia helianthi, Puccinia hordei, Puccinia sorghi, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi are from the species Puccinia triticina.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Podosphaera are preferably selected from the species Podosphaera fuligi- nea, Podosphaera leucotricha, Podosphaera clandestina, Podosphaera pannosa, Podosphaera tridactyla, Podosphaera xanthii, Podosphaera mors-uvae and Podosphaera aphanis or are selected from Podosphaera leucotricha, Podosphaera clandestina, Podosphaera pannosa, Podosphaera tridactyla, Podosphaera xanthii, Podosphaera mors- uvae and Podosphaera aphanis.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi are from the species Podosphaera leucotricha. In another embodiment the phytopathogenic fungi are from the species Podosphaera fuliginea.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Erysiphe and Blumeria are preferably selected from the species Blumeria graminis, also known as Erysiphe graminis, Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, Blumeria graminis f. sp. secalis, Blumeria graminis f. sp.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi are from the species Blumeria graminis.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Septoria are preferably selected from the species Zymoseptoria tritici, also known as Septoria tritici, Septoria betae, Septoria glycines, Septoria helianthi and Septoria secalis. In one embodiment the phytopathogenic fungi are from the species Zymoseptoria tritici.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Cercospora are preferably selected from the species Cercospora beticola, Cercospora brassicicola, Cercospora janseana, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora kikuchii, Cercospora concors, Cercospora solani, Cercospora solani-tuberosi, Cercospora sorghi and Cercospora zeae-maydis.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi are from the species Cercospora beticola.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi are from the species Cercospora sojina.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Sclerotinia are preferably selected from the species Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Ramularia are preferably selected from the species Ramularia collo-cygni and Ramularia beticola. In one embodiment the phytopathogenic fungi are from the species Ramularia collo-cygni.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium are preferably selected from the species Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, Microdochium nivale, Fusarium verticilloides, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium poae.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi is from the species Fusarium graminearum.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Pyrenophora are preferably selected from the species Pyrenophora teres, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Pyrenophora graminea and Pyrenophora avenae.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi are selected from the species Pyrenophora teres and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Venturia are preferably selected from the species Venturia inaequalis, Venturia carpophila, Venturia cerasi, Venturia nashicola, Venturia pyrina, Venturia oleaginea. In one embodiment the phytopathogenic fungi are selected from the species Venturia inaequalis.
  • the phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Diplocarpon are preferably selected from the species Diplocarpon mali (ana- morph Marssonina coronaria), Diplocarpon mespili and Diplocarpon fragariae. In one embodiment the phytopathogenic fungi are selected from the species Diplocarpon mali.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from the genus Triticum, preferably of the species Triticum aestivum or Triticum durum, more preferred from the species Triticum aestivum, and the phytopathogenic fungi is from a species selected from Puccinia triticina, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Erysiphe graminis, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Zymoseptoria tritici and Pyrenophora tritici-repenti.
  • the plant or the plant parts are protected from Puccinia triticina and Erysiphe graminis. More preferred, the plant or the plant parts are protected from Puccinia triticina, Erysiphe graminis, and at least one of Zymoseptoria tritici and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from the species Hordeum vulgare and the phytopathogenic fungi is from a species selected from Pyrenophora teres, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei and Ramularia collo-cygni.
  • the plant or the plant parts are protected from at leat two of Pyrenophora teres, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei and Ramularia collo-cygni.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from the species Secale cereale and the phytopathogenic fungi is from a species selected from Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis, Blumeria graminis f. sp. secalis and Septoria secalis.
  • the plant or the plant parts are protected from Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis and Blumeria graminis f. sp. secalis.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from the species Avena sativa and the phytopathogenic fungi is from a species selected from Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae, Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae, and Pyrenophora avenae.
  • the plant or the plant parts are protected from Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae and Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from the species Zea mays and the phytopathogenic fungi is from a species selected from Puccinia sorghi and Cercospora zeae-maydis.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from the species Beta vulgaris and the phytopathogenic fungi is from a species selected from Cercospora beticola, Septoria betae and Ramularia beticola.
  • the plant or the plant parts are protected from Cercospora beticola and at least one of Septoria betae and Ramularia beticola.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from the species Brassica napus and the phytopathogenic fungi is from a species selected from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Erysiphe cruciferarum.
  • the plant or the plant parts are protected from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from the species Glycine max and the phytopathogenic fungi is from a species selected from Cercospora kikuchii, Cercospora sojina, Septoria glycines and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
  • the plant or the plant parts are protected from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. or Cercospora sojina.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from the species Solanum tuberosum and the phy- topathogenic fungi is from a species selected from Erysiphe cichoracearum, Cercospora concors, Cercospora solani, Cercospora solani-tuberosi, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
  • the plant or the plant parts are protected from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from the species Helianthus annuus and the phyto- pathogenic fungi is from a species selected from Puccinia helianthi, Septoria helianthi, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
  • the plant or the plant parts are protected from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from the genus Triticum, Hordeum, Secale or Zea, preferably of the species Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum, Hordeum vulgare, Secale cereale or Zea mays, more preferred from the species Triticum aestivum, and the phytopathogenic fungi is from a species selected from the genus Fusarium, preferably from the species Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium verticilloides, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium poae, more preferred from the species Fusarium graminearum.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from the genus Malus, preferably of the species Ma- lus domestica and the phytopathogenic fungi is from the species Venturia inaequalis, Podosphaera leucotricha.or Diplocarpon mali.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from the genus Pyrus, preferably of the species Py- rus communis or Pyrus pyrifolia and the phytopathogenic fungi is from the species Venturia pyrina, Venturia nash- icola or Diplocarpon mespili.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from the genus Malus, Prunus, Pyrus or Olea, preferably of the species Malus domestica, Prunus persica, Prunus domestica, Prunus domestica, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus avium, Prunus cerasus, Pyrus pyrifolia, Pyrus communis or Olea europaea, and the phytopathogenic fungi is from a species selected from the genus Venturia, preferably of the species Venturia inaegualis, Venturia carpophila, Venturia cerasi, Venturia nashicola, Venturia pyrina, or Venturia oleaginea.
  • the plant or the plant parts to be protected is from banana or plantain and the phytopathogenic fungi is from a species selected from Mycosphaerella fiijiensis, Mycosphaerella musicola, Cercospora hayi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, or Septoria eumusae.
  • the plant species named above are understood to comprise all subspecies, variants, varieties and/or hybrids which belong to the respective plant species, including but not limited to winter and spring varieties, in particular in cereals such as wheat and barley, as well as oilseed rape, e.g. winter wheat, spring wheat, winter barley etc, further including dwarf, semi-dwarf and full-dwarf varieties and/or hybrids with reduced height and thicker and shorter stems.
  • Corn is also known as Indian corn or maize (Zea mays) which comprises all kinds of corn such as field corn and sweet corn.
  • all soybean cultivars or varieties are comprised, in particular indeterminate and determinate cultivars or varieties.
  • the mixtures may be combined with biopesticides.
  • the biopesticides may be added to the mixtures as a tank mix to prepare the spraying suspensions or may be directly added as integral part of the agrochemical formulation comprising the mixtures.
  • the biopesticides can be applied to the fungi, the plant or the plant parts to be protected against fungal attack shortly before or after the spraying suspension comprising the mixtures is applied.
  • the following list of biopesticides can be used in combination with the mixtures described herein. The list is intended to illustrate the possible combinations but does not limit them:
  • Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense activator activity Ampelo- myces quisqualis, Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus altitudinis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum (also referred to as B. velezensis), B. megaterium, B. mojavensis, B. mycoides, B. pumilus, B. simplex, B. solisalsi, B. subtilis, B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens, B.
  • T. gamsii T. harmatum, T. harzianum, T. polysporum, T. stromaticum, T. virens, T. viride, Typhula phacor- rhiza, Ulocladium oudemansii, Verticillium dahlia, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (avirulent strain);
  • Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense activator activity harpin protein, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract;
  • the mixtures described above are the mixtures described above to be used in the methods for controlling phy- topathogenic fungi.
  • the mixtures comprise sulfur and at least one terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol, in a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to the combined amount of all terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol, between 100 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 40 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 30 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 24 to 1 and 2 to 10, or between 100 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 65 to
  • the mixtures comprise limonene in a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to limonene between 25 to
  • the invention comprises also the use of a mixture comprising sulfur and at least one terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol in a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to the combined amount of all terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol between 100 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 40 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 30 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 24 to 1 and 2 to 10, or between 100 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 40 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between
  • phytopathogenic fungi selected from the genera Puccinia, Erysiphe, Blumeria, Pod- osphaera, Septoria, Cercospora, Sclerotinia, Pyrenophora, Ramularia, Fusarium, Venturia, and Diplocarpon.
  • the mixture comprises limonene, more preferred D-limonene, in a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to limonene between 100 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 50 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 40 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 30 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 25 to 1 and 1 to 10, or between 24 to 1 and 2 to 10, or between 100 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 70 to 1 and 1 to 2, or between 65 to 1 and 1 to
  • At least one fungus species to be controlled is selected from Puccinia, Erysiphe, Blumeria, Podosphaera, Septoria, Cercospora, Sclerotinia, Pyrenophora, Ramularia, Fusarium, Venturia, and Diplocarpon.
  • the invention comprises also the use of a mixture comprising sulfur and limonene, more preferred D-limonene, in a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to limonene between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 1 to 1 to control phytopathogenic fungi selected from the genera Puccinia, Blumeria, Uncinula, Cercospora, Septoria, Ramularia, Venturia, Rhynchosporium and Sphaerotheca.
  • the invention comprises also the use of a mixture comprising sulfur and limonene, more preferred D-limonene, in a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to limonene between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 1 to 1 to control phytopathogenic fungi selected from the species Puccinia triticina, Puccinia recondita, Blumeria graminis, Uncinula ne- cator, Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Septoria tritici, Ramularia collo-cygni, Venturia inaegualis, Rhynchosporium secalis and Sphaerotheca fuliginea.
  • the invention comprises also the use of a mixture comprising sulfur and limonene, more preferred D-limonene, in a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to limonene between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 1 to 1 to control phytopathogenic fungi selected from the species Puccinia recondita, Cercospora sojina and Sphaerotheca fuliginea.
  • the invention comprises also the use of a mixture comprising sulfur and limonene, more preferred D-limonene, in a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to limonene between 18 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 16 to 1 and 1 to 1 to control phytopathogenic fungi selected from the species Cercospora beticola and Venturia inaegualis.
  • the invention comprises also the use of a mixture comprising sulfur and limonene, more preferred D-limonene, in a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to limonene between between 15 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 12 to 1 and 1 to 1 to control phytopathogenic fungi selected from the species Puccinia triticina, Blumeria graminis, Uncinula necator, Septoria tritici, Ramularia collo-cygni and Rhynchosporium secalis.
  • the methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi described herein do not include the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of the animal or human body.
  • the mixtures are diluted with water to obtain spraying suspensions, which are then applied in the methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi.
  • the mixtures are comprised in agrochemical formulations, which are then diluted with water to prepare the spraying suspensions.
  • Suspoemulsion and suspension concentrate formulations comprising sulfur and selected terpenes.
  • a further embodiment of the invention are suspoemulsion and suspension concentrate formulations comprising: a) sulfur b) one or more terpenes, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol, c) one or more carrier oils and d) optionally further components.
  • Agrochemical suspoemulsions are also known as "SE" type agro formulations.
  • the suspoemulsion usually comprises a continuous aqueous phase, a dispersed oil phase, and a suspended solid phase.
  • the oil phase usually forms droplets within the aqueous phase.
  • the oil phase usually comprises the water-immiscible active ingredient.
  • the oil phase usually comprises at least one pesticide, which may be dissolved in a water-immiscible solvent.
  • the solid phase usually consists of solid particles within the aqueous phase.
  • the solid phase may comprise at least one pesticidal substance, which is suspended in a continuous aqueous phase. A further pesticidal substance is dissolved in the water- immiscible solvent.
  • the further pesticidal substance is present at least in the dispersed oil phase of the suspoemulsion.
  • the first pesticidal substance is suspended in the continuous aqueous phase.
  • the first pesticidal substance is present at least in the solid phase of the suspoemulsion.
  • Agrochemical suspension concentrates typically relates to compositions, which comprise solid particles, which are homogenously dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase.
  • Agrochemical suspension concentrate is usually preformed in the commercial product and is conventionally diluted with a carrier, such as water, when making up the spray mixture (also called the tank mix).
  • the continuous aqueous phase of the suspension concentrate is usually free of other dispersed phases beside the pesticide particles.
  • the suspoemulsion and suspension concentrate formulations comprise a) sulfur b) at least one terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol, in a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to the combined amount of limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol, between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1 or between 20 to 1 and 12 to 1, c) one or more carrier oils and d) optionally further components.
  • Preferred suspoemulsion and suspension concentrate formulations comprise a) sulfur b) limonene in a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to the amount of limonene between 25 to 1 and 1 to 1 or between 20 to 1 and 12 to 1, c) one or more carrier oils and d) optionally further components.
  • the suspoemulsion and suspension concentrate formulations do not comprise silica, like precipitated silica.
  • Suitable carrier oils should have a low solubility in water.
  • the solubility at 20°C is less than 1 gram/l iter, preferably less than 0.1 gram/liter. They may comprise only one type of carrier oil or a mixture of at least two carrier oils.
  • the carrier oils are preferably selected from one or more of the following groups.
  • carrier oils are terpenes, which are liquid at 20°C and are not limonene, terpinene, pinene, p- cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol or carvacrol.
  • carrier oils comprises plant oils and alkyl esters of such plant oils.
  • the ester is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and butyl esters.
  • the plant oil is preferably selected from soybean oil, rape oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, castor oil, neem oil, olive oil.
  • Preferred mixtures of alkyl esters are C6 to C10 fatty acid methylester, C8 to C10 fatty acid methyl ester and C16 to C18 fatty acid methyl ester.
  • Preferred alkyl ester of single fatty acids are methyl oleate, methyl octanaoate, methyl decanoate, metyl linolenate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, myristyl myristate and butyl stearate.
  • the carrier oil is or comprises ethoxylated castor oil.
  • the carrier oil is or comprises methyl oleate.
  • the carrier oil is or comprises isopropyl myristate.
  • the carrier oil is or comprises soybean oil, rape oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil or castor oil. In one embodiment the carrier oil is or comprises rape oil and/or sunflower oil.
  • a further group of carrier oil comprises C11 to C14 alkyl acetate, and decyl acetate, isobornyl acetate and 2- ethylhexyl acetate.
  • a further group comprises C12 - C20 fatty alcohols, octanol, decyl alcohol, tridecanol, 2-ethylhexanol, oleyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol and lauryl alcohol.
  • a further group comprises dibutyl adipate, diisobutyl adipate, diisopropyl adipate, diethylhexyladipate, diisodecyl adipate, didisotridecyl adipate, diethylhexyl sebacate, dibutyl sebacate.
  • a further group comprises ethyl cinnamate and propyl cinnamate.
  • a further group comprises benzyl benzoate, benzyl acetate, benzyl butyl ester, isopropyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, pentyl benzoate, hexyl benzoate, heptyl benzoate, octyl benzoate, nonyl benzoate, decyl benzoate, propylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate,
  • a further group comprises tall oil fatty acids, oleic acid, palmitic acid, 2-ethylhexyl octanoate, coco caprylate, tex- anoldiiosbutyrate, 1 ,2-cyclohexanedicarbolixylic acid diisononylester, di-n-butylcarbonate, alkyl naphthalenes, dioctyl ether.
  • Another group comprises aromatic solvent napthat (Solvesso grades), decane, petroleum, cyclohexane, methyl cyclohexane, kerosine, tris-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, tris-(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, 2-ethylhexyllactate, tributylcitrate, acetyltributylcitrate, tris-(ethylhexyl)trimellitate, dimethyl octanaminde, dimethyldecanamide, dimethyldodecanamide and mineral oil, preferably a dewaxed mineral oil (CAS No. 64742-56-9).
  • the carrier oil is or comprises dewaxed mineral oil (CAS No. 64742-56-9).
  • the carrier oil comprises a mixture of at least two of methyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, rape oil and sunflower oil, or a mixture of at least two of methyl oleate, rape oil and sunflower oil.
  • the suspoemulsion or suspension concentrate formulations comprise, in a rising degree of preference, between 10 and 1000 gram/liter of elemental sulfur particles, between 100 and 900 gram/liter, between 500 and 800 gram/liter, between 550 and 700 gram/liter, or between 600 and 700 gram/liter.
  • the combined amount of all terpenes is preferably between 10 and 300 gram/liter, 10 and 250 gram/liter, between 10 and 200 gram/liter, between 15 and 150 gram/liter, between 20 and 150 gram/liter, between 20 and 130 gram/liter or between 20 and 60 gram/liter.
  • the amount of limonene, preferably D-limonene is between 3 and 300 gram/liter, between 5 and 300 gram/liter, between 7 and 300 gram/liter, between 10 and 300 gram/liter, 10 and 250 gram/liter, between 10 and 200 gram/liter, between 15 and 150 gram/liter, between 20 and 150 gram/liter, between 20 and 130 gram/liter, between 20 and 60 gram/liter, between 3 and 10 gram/liter, between 5 and 10 gram/liter, between 3 and 20 gram/liter, or between 3 and 60 gram/liter, or between 20 and 60 gram/liter.
  • the amount of limonene, preferably D-limonene is between 1B and 70 gram/liter, or between 20 and 60 gram/liter.
  • the combined amount of all carrier oils is preferably between 50 and 300 gram/liter, between 70 and 250 gram/liter, between 70 and 200 gram/liter, between 80 and 250 gram/liter, between 80 and 200 gram/liter, between 80 and 170 gram/liter, between 80 and 150 gram/liter, between 80 and 120 gram/liter, between 80 and 110 gram/liter, between 90 and 250 gram/liter, between 90 and 200 gram/liter, between 90 and 170 gram/liter, between 90 and 150 gram/liter, between 90 and 120 gram/liter, between 90 and 110 gram/liter.
  • the amount of limonene is between 10 and 70 gram/liter, or between 20 and 60 gram/liter.
  • the amount of limonene is between 10 and 70 gram/liter, or between 20 and 60 gram/liter and the amount of carrier oil is between 20 and 120 gram/liter, or between 50 and 150 grams/liter.
  • Preferred weight/weight ratios of sulfur to the combined amount of at least one terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol are: between 24 to 1 and 2 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 2.5 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 3 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 4 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 5 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 6 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 8 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 12 to 1, or between 20 to 1 and 12 to 1.
  • the weight/weight ratios of sulfur to the amount of limonene, terpinene, pinene, preferably D-limo- nene is between 24 to 1 and 2 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 2.5 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 3 to 1, or between 24 to 1 and 4 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 5 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 6 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 8 to 1 , or between 24 to 1 and 12 to 1 or between 20 to 1 and 12 to 1 .
  • the weight/weight ratios of sulfur to the amount of limonene, terpinene, pinene, preferably D-limo- nene is between 24 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 16 to 1 and 1 to 1, or between 12 to 1 and 1 to 1. In one embodiment it is between 15 to 1 and 10 to 1, or is 12 to 1.
  • Preferred weight/weight ratios of sulfur to the combined amount of all carrier oils are: between 7 to 1 and 2 to 1, or between 7 to 1 and 3 to 1, or between 7 to 1 and 4 to 1, or between 7 to 1 and 4.5 to 1, or between 7 to 1 and 5 to 1, or between 6 to 1 and 2 to 1, or between 6 to 1 and 3 to 1, or between 6 to 1 and 3.6 to 1, or between 6 to 1 and 4 to 1, or between 6 to 1 and 4.5 to 1 .
  • weight/weight ratios of sulfur to the combined amount of all carrier oils are between 12 to 1 and 4 to 1.
  • Preferred weight/weight ratios of the combined amount of at least one terpene, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol, to the combined amount of all carrier oils are: between 1 to 6 and 1 to 1 , or between 1 to 5 and 1 to 1 , or between 1 to 4 and 1 to 1 , or between 1 to 5 and 1 to 2, or between 1 to 4 and 1 to 2, or between 1 to 5 and 1 to 2.5, or between 1 to 4 and 1 to 2.5, or between 1 to 5 and 1 to 3, or between 1 to 4 and 1 to 3.
  • the weight/weight ratios of the amount of limonene, preferably D-limonene, to the combined amount of all carrier oils is: between 1 to 6 and 1 to 1, or between 1 to 5 and 1 to 1, or between 1 to 4 and 1 to 1, or between 1 to 5 and 1 to 2, or between 1 to 4 and 1 to 2, or between 1 to 5 and 1 to 2.5, or between 1 to 4 and 1 to 2.5, or between 1 to 5 and 1 to 3, or between 1 to 4 and 1 to 3.
  • Preferred weight/weight ratios of sulfur to the combined amount of all terpenes, selected from limonene, terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol, and all carrier oils is between 12 to 1 and 6 to 1, or is between 6 to 1 and 2 to 1, or between 5 to 1 and 2.2 to 1, or between 4.8 to 1 and 2.4 to 1, or between 5 to 1 and 2.4 to 1.
  • the suspoemulsion or suspension concentrate formulations have a) a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to the combined amount of all carrier oils between 12 to 1 and 4 to 1, b) a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to the amount of limonene, preferably D-limonene, between 15 to 1 and 10 to 1, c) a weight/weight ratio of limonene, preferably D-limonene, to the combined amount of all carrier oils between 1 to 4 and 1 to 1 and d) a weight/weight ratio of sulfur to the combined amount of limonene, preferably D-limonene, and the combined amount of all carrier oils, between 8 to 1 and 2 to 1, or between 6 to 1 and 2 to 1, or between 6 to 1 and 3 to 1.
  • the weight/weight ratio of sulfur to the combined amount of all carrier oils is between 12 to 1 and 4 to 1,
  • the weight/weight ratio of sulfur to the combined amount of one or more terpenes is between 15 to 1 and 10 to 1,
  • the weight/weight ratio of the combined amount of one or more terpenes, selected from terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol, to the combined amount of all carrier oils is between 1 to 4 and 1 to 1 and 4) the weight/weight ratio of sulfur to the combined amount of one or more terpenes, selected from terpinene, pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol and the combined amount of all carrier oils, is between 8 to 1 and 2 to 1 , or be-tween 6 to 1 and 2 to 1, or between 6 to 1 and 3 to 1.
  • the suspoemulsion or suspension concentrate formulations comprise: f) 500 to 700, preferably 600, gram/l iter of sulfur, g) 50 to 70 gram/li ter of limonene, more preferred D-limonene, and h) 40 to 180 gram/liter total amount of one or more carrier oils,
  • the weight/weight ratio of sulfur to the amount of limonene, more preferred D-limonene is between 15 to 1 and 10 to 1 ,
  • the weight/weight ratio of sulfur to the amount of limonene, more preferred D-limonene, and the combined amount of all carrier oils is between 8 to 1 and 2 to 1 , or be-tween 6 to 1 and 2 to 1 , or between 6 to 1 and 3 to 1 .
  • the selected terpenes and carrier oils used in the suspoemulsion or suspension concentrate formulations described in Table 1 to 3 are preferably selected limonene, a-terpinene, p-cymene, eugenol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol and carrier oils, in particular preferred are formulations comprising a combination of limonene and methyl oleate or limonene and isopropyl myristate or limonene and one or more carrier oils selected from soybean oil, rape oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil or castor oil.
  • the oil phase has an average oil droplet size of less than 25 microns, less than 15 microns, less than 10 microns or less than 5 microns.
  • the suspoemulsion or suspension concentrate formulations usually have a pH from 5.5 to 8.5, preferably form 6.5. to 7.5.
  • suspoemulsion or suspension concentrate formulations described herein are selected based on their good storage stability.
  • the change of the value for the percentage of sulfur particles larger than 2 micrometer, the D50, the D90 and/or the D[4;3] value should not be larger than plus or minus 15%, preferably plus or minus 10%, more preferred plus or minus 5%.
  • the change of the value for the percentage of sulfur particles larger than 2 micrometer, the D50, the D90 and/or the D[4;3] value should not be larger than plus or minus 15%, preferably plus or minus 10%, more preferred plus or minus 5%.
  • the change of the value for the percentage of sulfur particles larger than 2 micrometer, the D50, the D90 and/or the D[4;3] value should not be larger than plus or minus 25%, preferably plus or minus 20%, more preferred plus or minus 15%, even more preferred plus or minus 10%.
  • suspoemulsion or suspension concentrate formulations may comprise further components, such as auxiliaries known to be suitable for agrochemical formulations,.
  • auxiliaries are liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wet- ters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, antioxidants, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foam- ing agents, colorants, tackifiers and binders.
  • the liquid carrier is preferably water
  • the suspension concentrate or suspoemulsion formulations comprise one or more of the following auxiliaries: a) 70 to 10 gram/liter of one or more dispersants, b) 70 to 20 gram/liter of one or more antifreeze, c) 50 to 1 , or 50 to 20 gram/liter of one or more anionic surfactants, d) 100 to 1, or 10 to 1 gram/liter of one or more nonionic surfactants, e) 10 to 2 gram/liter of one or more biocides, f) 10 to 1 gram/liter of one or more antifoams, g) 10 to 1 gram/liter of one or more antioxidants, h) 10 to 1 gram/liter of one or more thickener
  • auxiliaries a) 70 to 10 gram/liter of one or more dispersants, b) 70 to 20 gram/liter of one or more antifreeze, c) 50 to 1 , or 50 to 20 gram/liter of one or more anionic surfactants, d) 100 to 1,
  • Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharide powders, e.g. cellulose, starch; fertilizers, e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas; products of vegetable origin, e.g. cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal, nutshell meal, and mixtures thereof.
  • mineral earths e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide
  • polysaccharide powders e.g. cellulose, starch
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof.
  • sulfonates are alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignine sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl- and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates.
  • Examples of sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters.
  • Examples of phosphates are phosphate esters.
  • Examples of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates.
  • esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides.
  • sugar-based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters or alkyl- polyglucosides.
  • polymeric surfactants are home- or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vi ny I alcohols, or vinylacetate.
  • Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines.
  • Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines.
  • Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.
  • Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamines or polyethyleneamines.
  • Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), anorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.
  • Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazoli- nones.
  • Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.
  • Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.
  • Suitable colorants are pigments of low water solubility and water- soluble dyes.
  • examples are inorganic colorants (e.g. iron oxide, titan oxide, iron hexacyanoferrate) and organic colorants (e.g. alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine colorants).
  • corn, soybean, oilseed rape, sugar cane, or oil palm corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines); hop; turf; sweet leaf (also called Stevia); natural rubber plants; or ornamental and forestry plants, e.g. flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees, or evergreens (conifers, eucalypts, etc.); on the plant propagation material, such as seeds; and on the crop material of these plants.
  • treatment of plant propagation materials with the suspension concentrates or suspoemulsions and the spraying suspensions prepared therefrom, respectively, is used for controlling fungi on cereals, such as wheat, rye, barley and oats; rice, corn, cotton, sunflower, rape seed, soybeans and fruits and fruit trees like apples, pears and peaches.
  • Corn is also known as Indian corn or maize (Zea mays) which comprises all kinds of corn such as field corn and sweet corn.
  • all maize or corn subspecies and/or varieties are comprised, in particular flour corn (Zea mays var. amylacea), popcorn (Zea mays var. evert a), dent corn (Zea mays var. indentata), flint corn (Zea mays var. indurata), sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata and var. rugosa), waxy corn (Zea mays var. ceratina), amylomaize (high amylose Zea mays varieties), pod corn or wild maize (Zea mays var. tunicata) and striped maize (Zea mays var. japonica).
  • soybean cultivars are classifiable into indeterminate and determinate growth habit, whereas Glycine soja, the wild progenitor of soybean, is indeterminate (PNAS 2010, 107 (19) 8563-8568).
  • the indeterminate growth habit (Maturity Group, MG 00 to MG 4.9) is characterized by a continuation of vegetative growth after flowering begins whereas determinate soybean varieties (MG 5 to MG 8) characteristically have finished most of their vegetative growth when flowering begins.
  • all soybean cultivars or varieties are comprised, in particular indeterminate and determinate cultivars or varieties.
  • cultivagenesis includes random mutagenesis using X-rays or mutagenic chemicals, but also targeted mutagenesis to create mutations at a specific locus of a plant genome.
  • Targeted mutagenesis frequently uses oligonucleotides or proteins like CRISPR/Cas, zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs or meganucleases.
  • Genetic engineering usually uses recombinant DNA techniques to create modifications in a plant genome which under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutagenesis or natural recombination.
  • one or more genes are integrated into the genome of a plant to add a trait or improve or modify a trait. These integrated genes are also referred to as transgenes, while plant comprising such transgenes are referred to as transgenic plants.
  • the process of plant transformation usually produces several transformation events, which differ in the genomic locus in which a transgene has been integrated. Plants comprising a specific transgene on a specific genomic locus are usually described as comprising a specific "event”, which is referred to by a specific event name. Traits which have been introduced in plants or have been modified include herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, increased yield and tolerance to abiotic conditions, like drought.
  • Herbicide tolerance has been created by using mutagenesis and genetic engineering. Plants which have been rendered tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicides by mutagenesis and breeding are e.g. available under the name Clearfield®. Herbicide tolerance to glyphosate, glufosinate, 2,4-D, dicamba, oxynil herbicides, like bromoxynil and ioxynil, sulfonylurea herbicides, ALS inhibitors and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, like isoxaflutole and mesotrione, has been created via the use of transgenes.
  • HPPD 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
  • Transgenes to provide herbicide tolerance traits comprise: for tolerance to glyphosate: cp4 epsps, epsps grg23ace5, mepsps, 2mepsps, gat4601, gat4621, goxv247; for tolerance to glufosinate: pat and bar, for tolerance to 2,4-D: aad-1, aad-12; for tolerance to dicamba: dmo; for tolerance to oxynil herbicies: bxn; for tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides: zm-hra, csr1 -2, gm-hra, S4-HrA; for tolerance to ALS inhibitors: csr1 -2; and for tolerance to HPPD inhibitors: hppdPF, W336, avhppd-03.
  • Transgenic corn events comprising herbicide tolerance genes include, but are not limited to, DAS40278, MON801, MON802, MON809, MON810, MON832, MON87411, MON87419, MON87427, MON88017, MON89034, NK603, GA21, MZHGOJG, HCEM485, VCO-01981-5, 676, 678, 680, 33121, 4114, 59122, 98140, Bt10, Bt176, CBH-351, DBT418, DLL25, MS3, MS6, MZIR098, T25, TC1507 and TC6275.
  • Transgenic soybean events comprising herbicide tolerance genes include, but are not limited to, GTS 40-3-2, MON87705, MON87708, MON87712, MON87769, MON89788, A2704-12, A2704-21, A5547-127, A5547-35, DP356043, DAS44406-6, DAS68416-4, DAS- 81419-2, GU262, SYHT0H2, W62, W98, FG72 and CV127.
  • Transgenic cotton events comprising herbicide tolerance genes include, but are not limited to, 19-51 a, 31707, 42317, 81910, 281-24-236, 3006-210-23, BXN10211 , BXN10215, BXN10222, BXN10224, MON1445, MON1698, MON88701, MON88913, GHB119, GHB614, LLCotton25, T303-3 and T304-40.
  • Transgenic canola events comprising herbicide tolerance genes are for example, but not excluding others, MON88302, HCR-1, HCN10, HCN28, HCN92, MS1, MS8, PHYU, PHY23, PHY35, PHY36, RF1. RF2 and RF3.
  • Transgenes to provide insect resistance preferably are toxin genes of Bacillus spp. and synthetic variants thereof, like cry 1 A, cry 1 Ab, cry1Ab-Ac, crylAc, cry1 A.105, cry 1 F, cry 1 Fa2, cry2Ab2, cry2Ae, mcry3A, ecry3.1Ab, cry3Bb1 , cry34Ab1, cry35Ab1, cry9C, vip3A(a), vip3Aa20.
  • transgenes of plant origin such as genes coding for protease inhibitors, like CpTI and pinll, can be used.
  • a further approach uses transgenes such as dvsnf7 to produce double-stranded RNA in plants.
  • Transgenic corn events comprising genes for insecticidal proteins or double stranded RNA include, but are not limited to, Bt10, Bt11, Bt176, MON801, MON802, MON809, MON810, MON863, MON87411, MON88017, MON89034, 33121, 4114, 5307, 59122, TC1507, TC6275, CBH-351, MIR162, DBT418 and MZIR098.
  • Transgenic soybean events comprising genes for insecticidal proteins include, but are not limited to, MON87701, MON87751 and DAS-81419.
  • Transgenic cotton events comprising genes for insecticidal proteins include, but are not limited to, SGK321, MON531, MON757, MON1076, MON15985, 31707, 31803, 31807, 31808, 42317, BNLA-601, Eventl, COT67B, COT102, T303-3, T304-40, GFM Cry1 A, GK12, MLS 9124, 281-24-236, 3006-210-23, GHB119 and SGK321.
  • Cultivated plants with increased yield have been created by using the transgene athb17 (e.g. corn event MCN87403), or bbx32 (e.g. soybean event MON87712).
  • athb17 e.g. corn event MCN87403
  • bbx32 e.g. soybean event MON87712
  • Cultivated plants comprising a modified oil content have been created by using the transgenes: gm-fad2-1, Pj ,D6D, Nc.Fad3, fad2-1 A and fatbl -A (e.g. soybean events 260-05, MCN87705 and MON87769).
  • Preferred combinations of traits are combinations of herbicide tolerance traits to different groups of herbicides, combinations of insect tolerance to different kind of insects, in particular tolerance to lepidopteran and coleopteran insects, combinations of herbicide tolerance with one or several types of insect resistance, combinations of herbicide tolerance with increased yield as well as combinations of herbicide tolerance and tolerance to abiotic conditions.
  • Plants comprising singular or stacked traits as well as the genes and events providing these traits are well known in the art.
  • detailed information as to the mutagenized or integrated genes and the respective events are available from websites of the organizations "International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA)” (http://www.isaaa.org/gmapprovaldatabase) and the “Center for Environmental Risk Assessment (CERA)” (http://cera-gmc.org/GMCropDatabase).
  • the use the suspension concentrates or suspoemulsions and the spraying suspensions prepared therefrom, respectively, on cultivated plants may result in effects which are specific to a cultivated plant comprising a certain transgene or event. These effects might involve changes in growth behavior or changed resistance to biotic or abiotic stress factors. Such effects may in particular comprise enhanced yield, enhanced resistance or tolerance to insects, nematodes, fungal, bacterial, mycoplasma, viral or viroid pathogens as well as early vigour, early or delayed ripening, cold or heat tolerance as well as changed amino acid or fatty acid spectrum or content.
  • the suspension concentrates or suspoemulsions and the spraying suspensions prepared therefrom, respectively, are particularly suitable for controlling the following causal agents of plant diseases:
  • Albugo spp. white rust on ornamentals, vegetables (e.g. A. Candida) and sunflowers (e.g. A. tragopogonis),' Alter- naria spp. (Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables (e.g. A. dauci or A. pom), oilseed rape (A. brassicicola or brassicae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits (e.g. A. grandis), rice, soybeans, potatoes and tomatoes (e.g. A. solani, A. grandis or A. alternata), tomatoes (e.g. A. solani or A. alternata) and wheat (e.g. A. triticina),' Aphanomyces spp.
  • Ascochyta spp. on cereals and vegetables e.g. A. tritici (anthracnose) on wheat and A. hordei on barley; Aureobasidium zeae (syn. Kapatiella zeae) on corn; Bipolaris and Drechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp.), e.g. Southern leaf blight (D. maydis) or Northern leaf blight (B. zeicola) on corn, e.g. spot blotch (B. sorokin- iana) on cereals and e.g. B.
  • Cladobotryum (syn. Dactylium) spp. (e.g. C. mycophilum (formerly Dactylium dendroides, teleomorph: Nectria alber- tinii, Nectria rosella syn. Hypomyces rosellus) on mushrooms; Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (e.g. C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, e.g. C. herbarum (black ear) on wheat; Claviceps purpurea (ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus (ana- morph: Helminthosporium of Bipolaris) spp. (leaf spots) on corn (C. carbonum), cereals (e.g. C. sativus, anamorph:
  • B. sorokiniana and rice (e.g. C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae),' Colletotrichum (teleomorph: Glomerella) spp. (anthracnose) on cotton (e.g. C. gossypii), corn (e.g. C. graminicola: Anthracnose stalk rot), soft fruits, potatoes (e.g.
  • C. coccodes black dot
  • beans e.g. C. lindemuthianum
  • soybeans e.g. C. truncatum or C. gloeosporioides
  • vegetables e.g. C. lagenarium or C. capsici
  • fruits e.g. C. acutatum
  • coffee e.g. C. coffeanum or C. kahawae
  • Corticium spp. e.g. C.
  • sasakii sheath blight
  • Corynespora cassiicola leaf spots
  • Cycloconium spp. e.g. C. oleaginum on olive trees
  • Cylindrocarpon spp. e.g. fruit tree canker or young vine decline, teleomorph: Nectria or Neonectria spp.
  • liriodendri Neonectria liriodendri: Black Foot Disease) and ornamentals; Dematophora (teleomorph: Ro- sellinia) necatrix (root and stem rot) on soybeans; Diaporthe spp., e.g. D. phaseolorum (damping off) on soybeans; Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora) spp. on corn, cereals, such as barley (e.g. D. teres, net blotch) and wheat (e.g. D. D.
  • tritici-repentis tan spot), rice and turf; Esca (dieback, apoplexy) on vines, caused by Formitiporia (syn. Phellinus) punctata, F. mediterranea, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (formerly Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum), Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and/or Botryosphaeria obtusa,' Elsinoe spp.
  • E pyri pome fruits
  • soft fruits E veneta: anthracnose
  • vines E ampelina: anthracnose
  • Entyloma oryzae leaf smut
  • Epicoccum spp. black mold
  • Erysiphe spp. potowdery mildew
  • sugar beets E betae
  • vegetables e.g. E pisi
  • cucurbits e.g. E cichoracearum
  • cabbages oilseed rape
  • oilseed rape e.g. E cruciferarum
  • Eutypa lata Eu- typa canker or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporina lata, syn.
  • E virguliforme and E tucumaniae and E brasiliense each causing sudden death syndrome on soybeans, and E verticillioides on corn; Gaeumannomyces graminis (take-all) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley) and corn; Gibberella spp. on cereals (e.g. G. zeae) and rice (e.g. G. fujikuroi: Bakanae disease); Glomerella cingulata on vines, pome fruits and other plants and G. gossypii on cotton; Grainstaining complex on rice; Guignardia bidwellii (black rot) on vines; Gym nosporangium spp.
  • Gaeumannomyces graminis take-all
  • cereals e.g. wheat or barley
  • Gibberella spp. on cereals (e.g. G. zeae) and rice (e.g. G. fujikuroi:
  • Fusarium) nivale pink snow mold
  • cereals e.g. wheat or barley
  • Microsphaera diffusa powdery mildew
  • Monilinia spp. e.g. M. laxa, M. fructicola and M. fructi- gena (syn. Monilia spp.: bloom and twig blight, brown rot) on stone fruits and other rosaceous plants
  • Athelia rolfsii on soybeans, peanut, vegetables, corn, cereals and ornamentals; Septoria spp. on various plants, e.g. S. glycines (brown spot) on soybeans, S. tritici (syn. Zymoseptoria tritici, Septoria blotch) on wheat and S. (syn. Stagonospora) nodorum (Stagonospora blotch) on cereals; Uncinula (syn. Erysiphe) necator (powdery mildew, anamorph: Oidium tucker! on vines; Se- tosphaeria spp. (leaf blight) on corn (e.g.
  • nodorum (Stagonospora blotch, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria [syn. Phaeosphaeria] nodorum, syn. Septoria nodorum) on wheat; Synchytrium endobioticum on potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., e.g. T. deformans (leaf curl disease) on peaches and T. pruni (plum pocket) on plums; Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pome fruits, vegetables, soybeans and cotton, e.g. T. basicola (syn. Chalara elegans),' Tilletia spp.
  • the compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively, are particularly suitable for controlling the following causal agents of plant diseases: rusts on soybean and cereals (e.g. Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae on soy; Puccinia tritici and P. striiformis on wheat); molds on specialty crops, soybean, oil seed rape and sunflowers (e.g. Botrytis cinerea on strawberries and vines, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. minor and S. rolfsii on oil seed rape, sunflowers and soybean); Fusarium diseases on cereals (e.g. Fusarium culmorum and F.
  • rusts on soybean and cereals e.g. Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae on soy; Puccinia tritici and P. striiformis on wheat
  • molds on specialty crops soybean, oil seed rape and sunflowers (e.g. Botryt
  • Fungicide-resistant strains of various phytopathgenic fungi have been reported, with strains resistant to one or more fungicides from various mode of action classes being observed by target-site mutations in the genes of the respective proteins (e.g. Qol (C3, according to FRAC convention, for details www.frac.info), quinone outside stig- matellin binding subsite inhibitors (QoSI; C8), and quinone inside inhibitors (Qil; C4): CytB target protein; sterol de- methylaition (DMI, G1): Cyp51/Erg11 ; carboxylic acid amides (CAA, H5): CesA3; SDHI (C2): SdhB, SdhC and SdhD; dicarboximides (E3): Os-1 (including Bos1, Daf1 etc.); keto reductase inhibitors (KRI; Class III SBIs; G3): Erg27; and oxysterol binding protein inhibitors (OSBPI; F9): ORP1.
  • the fungi to be controlled are selected from the genera Puccinia, Erysiphe, Blumeria, Podosphaera, Septoria, Cercospora, Sclerotinia, Pyrenophora, Ramularia, Fusarium, Venturia, and Diplocarpon.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi selected from the genera Puccinia, Erysiphe, Blumeria, Podosphaera, Septoria, Cercospora, Sclerotinia, Pyrenophora, Ramularia, Fusarium, Venturia, and Diplocarpon, comprising contacting the fungi, the plant, or the plant parts to be protected against fungal attack with a fungicidally effective amount of a spraying suspension prepared from one of the suspension concentrates or suspoemulsions, described herein.
  • At least one fungus is selected from the species Puccinia triticina, Erysiphe graminis, Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Septoria tritici, Ramularia collo-cygni or Venturia inegualis.
  • the spraying suspension is applied when the phytopathogenic fungi is present.
  • the invention comprises a method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi, comprising the steps of a) identifying a plant or a plurality of plants infected or in danger of being infected with at least one fungus selected from the genera Puccinia, Erysiphe, Blumeria, Podosphaera, Septoria, Cercospora, Sclerotinia, Pyrenophora, Ramularia, Fusarium, Venturia, and Diplocarpon and b) comprising contacting the fungi, the plant, or the plant parts infected or in danger of being infected with a fungicidally effective amount of a spraying suspension prepared form a suspension concentrate or suspoemulsion described herein.
  • the plant is infected or is in danger of being infected by a fungus of the genus Puccinia, Erysiphe, Blumeria, Podosphaera, Septoria, Cercospora, Sclerotinia, Pyrenophora, Ramularia, Fusarium, Venturia, and Diplocarpon.
  • the plant is infected or is in danger of being infected by a fungus of the species Puccinia triticina, Erysiphe graminis, Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Septoria tritici, Ramularia collo-cygni, or Venturia inegualis.
  • This stock solution was then diluted with the described solvent-emulsifier-water mixture to deliver the dose rate given in the table below.
  • Leaves of potted apple seedlings with 5 to 6 developed leaves were sprayed with the previously described spray solution at a spray volume of 500 l/ha. Plants are kept for one day in a growth chamber at 19°C and no less than 40% relative humidity.
  • plants are inoculated with spores of Venturia inaequalis.
  • the plants were transferred to a growth chamber with a relative humidity of about 70 to 80% and 21 °C.
  • the plants were cultivated for 20 days in a greenhouse chamber at 21°C and a relative humidity between 70 and 80 %. The extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
  • the disease ratings (or diseased leaf area) were converted into efficacies.
  • An efficacy of 0 means that the infection level of the treated plants corresponds to that of the untreated control plants; an efficacy of 100 means that the treated plants were not infected.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés de protection de plantes à l'aide de mélanges comprenant du soufre et des terpènes sélectionnés ainsi que des mélanges de soufre et de terpènes sélectionnés et des compositions fongicides comprenant de tels mélanges.
PCT/EP2024/076850 2023-09-29 2024-09-25 Procédés de protection de plantes à l'aide de mélanges comprenant du soufre et des terpènes sélectionnés Pending WO2025068226A2 (fr)

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