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WO2025068207A1 - Anticorps se liant à c3bbb - Google Patents

Anticorps se liant à c3bbb Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025068207A1
WO2025068207A1 PCT/EP2024/076826 EP2024076826W WO2025068207A1 WO 2025068207 A1 WO2025068207 A1 WO 2025068207A1 EP 2024076826 W EP2024076826 W EP 2024076826W WO 2025068207 A1 WO2025068207 A1 WO 2025068207A1
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Prior art keywords
seq
antibody
amino acid
acid sequence
cdr
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Inventor
Davide BERTOLDO
Joachim BUTZER
Sebastian Fenn
Alexander Fidler
Anton Jochner
Eloed Koertvely
Jean-Luc Mary
Sebastian PRINER
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F Hoffmann La Roche AG
Hoffmann La Roche Inc
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F Hoffmann La Roche AG
Hoffmann La Roche Inc
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Publication of WO2025068207A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025068207A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/40—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against enzymes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/005—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies constructed by phage libraries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/10—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by their source of isolation or production
    • C07K2317/14—Specific host cells or culture conditions, e.g. components, pH or temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C07K2317/32—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency specific for a neo-epitope on a complex, e.g. antibody-antigen or ligand-receptor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C07K2317/33—Crossreactivity, e.g. for species or epitope, or lack of said crossreactivity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C07K2317/34—Identification of a linear epitope shorter than 20 amino acid residues or of a conformational epitope defined by amino acid residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/55—Fab or Fab'
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
    • C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
    • C07K2317/94—Stability, e.g. half-life, pH, temperature or enzyme-resistance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to anti-C3bBb antibodies and methods of using the same.
  • C3bBb The alternative pathway C3 convertase (C3bBb) is a key amplifying factor of the complement cascade and it is formed by binding of Factor B (FB) to the C3b fragment of complement component C3 and subsequent cleavage by plasma serine protease Factor D (FD) under release of a fragment Ba.
  • FB Factor B
  • FD plasma serine protease Factor D
  • C3bBb is relatively unstable with a half-life of a few minutes making it an unsuitable target for antibody generation.
  • the present invention relates to an antibody that specifically binds to human C3bBb.
  • the invention further relates to an antibody that binds to human C3bBb, wherein the antibody:
  • C3bBb which comprises the Bb subunit of a recombinant Factor B (FB) protein, which comprises a D279G mutation and optionally mutations K350N and/or a M458I; and/or inhibits the alternative pathway; and/or is an agonist or antagonist of C3bBb activity; and/or specifically binds to cynomolgus C3bBb and human C3bBb, and/or specifically binds to African green monkey C3bBb and human C3bBb, and/or
  • FB recombinant Factor B
  • the invention relates to an antibody that specifically binds to wild-type human C3bBb.
  • the invention relates to an antibody that specifically binds to recombinant human C3bBb, wherein the C3bBb comprises the Bb subunit of a recombinant FB protein that comprises a D279G and optionally further mutations K350N and/or M458I.
  • the antibody specifically binds to human C3bBb comprising the Bb subunit of a recombinant FB protein according to SEQ ID NO: 492.
  • the antibody specifically binds to human C3bBb comprising the Bb subunit of a recombinant FB protein according to SEQ ID NO: 493.
  • the invention in another aspect, relates to an antibody that specifically binds to an epitope of human C3bBb that includes amino acid residues of the C3b subunit and amino acid residues of the Bb subunit of human FB.
  • the antibody of the invention specifically binds to human C3bBb, wherein the antibody does not specifically bind to the (isolated) C3b subunit of C3bBb, and wherein the antibody does not specifically bind to the (isolated) Bb subunit of C3bBb.
  • the invention relates to an antibody that binds to human C3bBb, wherein the antibody comprises the heavy and light chain CDRs of an antibody selected from Table DI.
  • the antibody comprises the heavy and light chain variable domains of an antibody selected from Table DI.
  • the antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:449; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:450; and (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:451, and a light chain variable domain (VL) comprising (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:452; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:453; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:454 (corresponding to antibody #1, Pl AG9426); or a heavy chain variable domain (VH) (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:455; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:456; and (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO
  • the antibody comprises a VH domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 1 and a VL domain comprising SEQ ID NO:2 (corresponding to antibody #1, P1AG9426); or a VH domain comprising SEQ ID NO:3 and a VL domain comprising SEQ ID NO:4 (corresponding to antibody #2, P1AG9376); or a VH domain comprising SEQ ID NO:5 and a VL domain comprising SEQ ID NO:6 (corresponding to antibody #3, P1AG9372); or a VH domain comprising SEQ ID NO:7 and a VL domain comprising SEQ ID NO:8 (corresponding to antibody #4, P1AG9420); or a VH domain comprising SEQ ID NOV and a VL domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 10 (corresponding to antibody #5, P1AG9391); or a VH domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 11 and a VL domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 12 (corresponding to antibody #6, P1AH1205); or a VH domain comprising SEQ
  • the invention relates to an antibody that competes for binding to wildtype human C3bBb with the antibodies of the invention.
  • the invention also relates to an antibody that competes for binding to recombinant human C3bBb comprising the Bb subunit of a recombinant FB protein that comprises a D279G and optionally further mutations K350N and/or M458I with the antibody of the invention.
  • Another aspect of the invention is an isolated nucleic acid encoding the antibody of the invention.
  • the invention also relates to a host cell comprising the nucleic acid of the invention.
  • the invention relates to a method of producing an antibody that binds to human C3bBb comprising culturing the host cell of the invention under conditions suitable for the expression of the antibody.
  • the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody of the invention.
  • the invention relates to an antibody of the invention for use as a medicament.
  • Antibodies of the invention are suitable to inhibit the alternative pathway by binding to C3bBb.
  • Antibodies of the invention may be capable of inhibiting the alternative pathway without stabilizing C3bBb upon binding, thus avoiding accumulation of C3bBb.
  • antibodies of the invention may be specific for the C3bBb complex but not exhibit prominent antigen binding to its individual subunits.
  • the antibodies disclosed herein may be suitable for therapy, particularly treatment of ocular vascular diseases.
  • the antibodies of the invention provide several valuable properties that allow their therapeutic application, like high affinities, and a high stability advantageous for long duration. Also, the antibodies of the invention are advantageous to be provided in high concentrations liquid formulations with a viscosity suitable for ocular application.
  • Figure 1 The left image shows the trimeric complex formed between the PlAF8499 Fab fragment and C3bBb.
  • the epitope bound by P1AF8499 Fab fragment comprises amino acids from both components, C3b and Bb (right image).
  • FIG. 1 Binding of antibody P1AG9426 (#1) to wild-type human C3bBb complex. Sensorgram generated as described in Example 14.
  • acceptor human framework for the purposes herein is a framework comprising the amino acid sequence of a light chain variable domain (VL) framework or a heavy chain variable domain (VH) framework derived from a human immunoglobulin framework or a human consensus framework, as defined below.
  • An acceptor human framework “derived from” a human immunoglobulin framework or a human consensus framework may comprise the same amino acid sequence thereof, or it may contain amino acid sequence changes. In some aspects, the number of amino acid changes are 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2 or less.
  • the VL acceptor human framework is identical in sequence to the VL human immunoglobulin framework sequence or human consensus framework sequence.
  • Binding affinity refers to the strength of the sum total of noncovalent interactions between a single binding site of a molecule (e.g., an antibody) and its binding partner (e.g., an antigen).
  • binding affinity refers to intrinsic binding affinity which reflects a 1 : 1 interaction between members of a binding pair (e.g., antibody and antigen).
  • the affinity of a molecule X for its partner Y can generally be represented by the dissociation constant (KD). Affinity can be measured by common methods known in the art, including those described herein. Specific illustrative and exemplary methods for measuring binding affinity are described in the following.
  • Antibodies that bind to human C3bBb have a dissociation constant (KD) of ⁇ 1 M, ⁇ 100 nM, ⁇ 10 nM, ⁇ 1 nM, ⁇ 0.1 nM, ⁇ 0.01 nM, or ⁇ 0.001 nM, in one embodiment 10' 6 M or less, in one embodiment 10' 7 M or less, in one embodiment 10' 8 M or less, in one embodiment from 10' 8 M to 10' 13 M, in one embodiment from 10' 9 M to 10' 13 M).
  • KD dissociation constant
  • An antibody is said to “specifically bind” to human C3bBb when the antibody has a KD of IpM or less.
  • an anti-human C3bBb antibody binds to an epitope of human C3bBb that is conserved among human C3bBb from different species.
  • the components of the innate immune system i.e. the different elements from the classical and alternative pathways are referred to herein according to their standard meaning in the art and the termini used herein include recombinant variants of the respective natural components of the innate immune system that maintain functionality and may include variants comprising tags and/or labels.
  • C3bBb refers to the alternative pathway C3 convertase that is formed by binding of C3 fragment (“C3b”) to Factor B (“FB”) and subsequent cleavage by plasma serine protease Factor D (“FD”) under release of a fragment Ba.
  • C3b refers to the larger of two elements resulting from the alternative pathway cleavage of complement component 3 (C3), the other one being C3a.
  • C3 convertase refers to the serine proteases of the complement system and may refer to the alternative pathway C3 convertase (C3bBb) or the classical and lectin pathway C3 convertase (C4bC2b).
  • human Factor B or “FB” refers to complement factor B encoded in humans by the CFB gene.
  • human Factor D refers to complement factor D encoded in humans by the CFD gene.
  • C5 convertase“ as used herein refers to the alternative pathway C5 convertase (C3bBbC3b).
  • antibody screening refers to techniques used to identify antibodies specifically binding to a target antigen.
  • Various techniques for identifying antibodies are known in the art, such as administration of an immunogenic target antigen to a transgenic animal, hybridoma-based methods, or isolating variable domain sequences selected from phage-display libraries.
  • phage library panning refers to an affinity selection technique used to identify phage display variants with desired binding properties towards a target antigen.
  • antibody herein is used in the broadest sense and encompasses various antibody structures, including but not limited to monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies), and antibody fragments so long as they exhibit the desired antigen-binding activity.
  • antibody fragment refers to a molecule other than an intact antibody that comprises a portion of an intact antibody that binds the antigen to which the intact antibody binds.
  • antibody fragments include but are not limited to Fv, Fab, Fab', Fab’-SH, F(ab')2; diabodies; linear antibodies; single-chain antibody molecules (e.g., scFv, and scFab); single domain antibodies (dAbs); and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.
  • epitope denotes the site on an antigen, either proteinaceous or non-proteinaceous, to which an anti-human C3bBb antibody binds.
  • the epitope bound by antibodies of the invention comprises non-contiguous amino acids and hence is a conformational epitope.
  • Screening for antibodies binding to a particular epitope can be done using methods routine in the art such as, e.g., without limitation, alanine scanning, peptide blots (see Meth. Mol. Biol. 248 (2004) 443- 463), peptide cleavage analysis, epitope excision, epitope extraction, chemical modification of antigens (see Prot. Sci. 9 (2000) 487-496), cross-blocking (see “Antibodies”, Harlow and Lane (Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harb., NY).
  • an epitope of an antibody is identified by cryogenic electron microscopy.
  • competitive binding can be used to easily determine whether an antibody competes for binding to human C3bBb with a reference anti-human C3bBb antibody of the invention.
  • an “antibody that competes for binding with” a reference anti-human C3bBb antibody of the invention refers to an antibody that blocks binding of the reference anti-human C3bBb antibody to its antigen in a competition assay by 50% or more, and conversely, the reference antibody blocks binding of the antibody to its antigen in a competition assay by 50% or more.
  • two antibodies are deemed to compete for binding to human C3bBb if a 1-, 5-, 10-, 20- or 100-fold excess of one antibody inhibits binding of the other by at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 90% or even 99% or more as measured in a competitive binding assay (see, e.g., Junghans et al., Cancer Res. 50 (1990) 1495-1502).
  • the “class” of an antibody refers to the type of constant domain or constant region possessed by its heavy chain.
  • the antibody is of the IgGl isotype.
  • the antibody is of the IgGl isotype with the P329G, L234A and L235A mutation to reduce Fc-region effector function.
  • the antibody is of the IgG2 isotype.
  • the antibody is of the IgG4 isotype with the S228P mutation in the hinge region to improve stability of IgG4 antibody.
  • the heavy chain constant domains that correspond to the different classes of immunoglobulins are called a, 5, a, y, and p, respectively.
  • the light chain of an antibody may be assigned to one of two types, called kappa (K) and lambda (X), based on the amino acid sequence of its constant domain.
  • constant region derived from human origin denotes a constant heavy chain region of a human antibody of the subclass IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 and/or a constant light chain kappa or lambda region.
  • constant regions are well known in the state of the art and e.g. described by Kabat, E.A., et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th ed., Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (1991) (see also e.g. Johnson, G., and Wu, T.T., Nucleic Acids Res.
  • “Effector functions” refer to those biological activities attributable to the Fc region of an antibody, which vary with the antibody isotype. Examples of antibody effector functions include: Clq binding and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC); Fc receptor binding; antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); phagocytosis; down regulation of cell surface receptors (e.g., B cell receptor); and B cell activation.
  • an “effective amount” of an agent refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired therapeutic or prophylactic result.
  • Fc region herein is used to define a C-terminal region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain that contains at least a portion of the constant region.
  • the term includes native sequence Fc regions and variant Fc regions.
  • a human IgG heavy chain Fc region extends from Cys226, or from Pro230, to the carboxyl-terminus of the heavy chain.
  • antibodies produced by host cells may undergo post-translational cleavage of one or more, particularly one or two, amino acids from the C-terminus of the heavy chain.
  • an antibody produced by a host cell by expression of a specific nucleic acid molecule encoding a full-length heavy chain may include the full-length heavy chain, or it may include a cleaved variant of the full-length heavy chain.
  • This may be the case where the final two C- terminal amino acids of the heavy chain are glycine (G446) and lysine (K447, EU numbering system). Therefore, the C-terminal lysine (Lys447), or the C-terminal glycine (Gly446) and lysine (Lys447), of the Fc region may or may not be present.
  • a heavy chain including an Fc region as specified herein, comprised in an antibody according to the invention comprises an additional C-terminal glycine-lysine dipeptide (G446 and K447, EU numbering system).
  • a heavy chain including an Fc region as specified herein, comprised in an antibody according to the invention comprises an additional C-terminal glycine residue (G446, numbering according to EU index).
  • EU numbering system also called the EU index, as described in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 1991.
  • “Framework” or “FR” refers to variable domain residues other than complementary determining regions (CDRs).
  • the FR of a variable domain generally consists of four FR domains: FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4. Accordingly, the CDR and FR sequences generally appear in the following sequence in VH (or VL): FR1-CDR- H1(CDR-L1)-FR2- CDR-H2(CDR-L2)-FR3- CDR-H3(CDR-L3)-FR4.
  • full length antibody “intact antibody”, and “whole antibody” are used herein interchangeably to refer to an antibody having a structure substantially similar to a native antibody structure or having heavy chains that contain an Fc region as defined herein.
  • host cell refers to cells into which exogenous nucleic acid has been introduced, including the progeny of such cells.
  • Host cells include “transformants” and “transformed cells”, which include the primary transformed cell and progeny derived therefrom without regard to the number of passages. Progeny may not be completely identical in nucleic acid content to a parent cell, but may contain mutations. Mutant progeny that have the same function or biological activity as screened or selected for in the originally transformed cell are included herein.
  • a “human antibody” is one which possesses an amino acid sequence which corresponds to that of an antibody produced by a human or a human cell or derived from a non-human source that utilizes human antibody repertoires or other human antibody-encoding sequences. This definition of a human antibody specifically excludes a humanized antibody comprising non-human antigen-binding residues.
  • a “human consensus framework” is a framework which represents the most commonly occurring amino acid residues in a selection of human immunoglobulin VL or VH framework sequences.
  • the selection of human immunoglobulin VL or VH sequences is from a subgroup of variable domain sequences.
  • the subgroup of sequences is a subgroup as in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, NIH Publication 91- 3242, Bethesda MD (1991), vols. 1-3.
  • the subgroup is subgroup kappa I as in Kabat et al., supra.
  • the subgroup is subgroup III as in Kabat et al., supra.
  • the term “hypervariable region” or “HVR” as used herein refers to each of the regions of an antibody variable domain which are hypervariable in sequence and which determine antigen binding specificity, for example “complementarity determining regions” (“CDRs”).
  • antibodies comprise six CDRs: three in the VH (CDR-H1, CDR- H2, CDR-H3), and three in the VL (CDR-L1, CDR-L2, CDR-L3).
  • Exemplary CDRs herein include: a) hypervariable loops occurring at amino acid residues 26-32 (LI), 50-52 (L2), 91-96 (L3), 26-32 (Hl), 53-55 (H2), and 96-101 (H3) (Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol. Biol.
  • CDRs are determined according to Kabat et al., supra.
  • CDR designations can also be determined according to Chothia, supra, McCallum, supra, or any other scientifically accepted nomenclature system.
  • mammals include, but are not limited to, domesticated animals (e.g., cows, sheep, cats, dogs, and horses), primates (e.g., humans and non-human primates such as monkeys), rabbits, and rodents (e.g., mice and rats).
  • domesticated animals e.g., cows, sheep, cats, dogs, and horses
  • primates e.g., humans and non-human primates such as monkeys
  • rabbits e.g., mice and rats
  • rodents e.g., mice and rats
  • an “isolated” antibody is one which has been separated from a component of its natural environment.
  • an antibody is purified to greater than 95% or 99% purity as determined by, for example, electrophoretic (e.g., SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing (IEF), capillary electrophoresis) or chromatographic (e.g., ion exchange or reverse phase HPLC) methods.
  • electrophoretic e.g., SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing (IEF), capillary electrophoresis
  • chromatographic e.g., ion exchange or reverse phase HPLC
  • nucleic acid molecule or “polynucleotide” includes any compound and/or substance that comprises a polymer of nucleotides.
  • Each nucleotide is composed of a base, specifically a purine- or pyrimidine base (i.e. cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), thymine (T) or uracil (U)), a sugar (i.e. deoxyribose or ribose), and a phosphate group.
  • cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), thymine (T) or uracil (U) a sugar (i.e. deoxyribose or ribose), and a phosphate group.
  • C cytosine
  • G guanine
  • A adenine
  • T thymine
  • U uracil
  • sugar i.e. deoxyribose or rib
  • nucleic acid molecule encompasses deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) including e.g., complementary DNA (cDNA) and genomic DNA, ribonucleic acid (RNA), in particular messenger RNA (mRNA), synthetic forms of DNA or RNA, and mixed polymers comprising two or more of these molecules.
  • DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
  • cDNA complementary DNA
  • RNA ribonucleic acid
  • mRNA messenger RNA
  • the nucleic acid molecule may be linear or circular.
  • nucleic acid molecule includes both, sense and antisense strands, as well as single stranded and double stranded forms.
  • the herein described nucleic acid molecule can contain naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring nucleotides.
  • nucleic acid molecules also encompass DNA and RNA molecules which are suitable as a vector for direct expression of an antibody of the invention in vitro and/or in vivo, e.g., in a host or patient.
  • DNA e.g., cDNA
  • RNA e.g., mRNA
  • mRNA can be chemically modified to enhance the stability of the RNA vector and/or expression of the encoded molecule so that mRNA can be injected into a subject to generate the antibody in vivo (see e.g., Stadler ert al, Nature Medicine 2017, published online 12 June 2017, doi: 10.1038/nm.4356 or EP 2 101 823 Bl).
  • nucleic acid refers to a nucleic acid molecule that has been separated from a component of its natural environment.
  • An isolated nucleic acid includes a nucleic acid molecule contained in cells that ordinarily contain the nucleic acid molecule, but the nucleic acid molecule is present extrachromosomally or at a chromosomal location that is different from its natural chromosomal location.
  • isolated nucleic acid encoding an anti-human C3bBb antibody refers to one or more nucleic acid molecules encoding anti-human C3bBb antibody heavy and light chains (or fragments thereof), including such nucleic acid molecule(s) in a single vector or separate vectors, and such nucleic acid molecule(s) present at one or more locations in a host cell.
  • the term “monoclonal antibody” as used herein refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical and/or bind the same epitope, except for possible variant antibodies, e.g., containing naturally occurring mutations or arising during production of a monoclonal antibody preparation, such variants generally being present in minor amounts.
  • polyclonal antibody preparations typically include different antibodies directed against different determinants (epitopes)
  • each monoclonal antibody of a monoclonal antibody preparation is directed against a single determinant on an antigen.
  • the modifier “monoclonal” indicates the character of the antibody as being obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies, and is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method.
  • the monoclonal antibodies in accordance with the present invention may be made by a variety of techniques, including but not limited to the hybridoma method, recombinant DNA methods, phage-display methods, and methods utilizing transgenic animals containing all or part of the human immunoglobulin loci, such methods and other exemplary methods for making monoclonal antibodies being described herein.
  • package insert is used to refer to instructions customarily included in commercial packages of therapeutic products, that contain information about the indications, usage, dosage, administration, combination therapy, contraindications and/or warnings concerning the use of such therapeutic products.
  • Percent (%) amino acid sequence identity with respect to a reference polypeptide sequence is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with the amino acid residues in the reference polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity for the purposes of the alignment. Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, Clustal W, Megalign (DNASTAR) software or the FASTA program package.
  • the percent identity values can be generated using the sequence comparison computer program ALIGN-2.
  • the ALIGN-2 sequence comparison computer program was authored by Genentech, Inc., and the source code has been filed with user documentation in the U.S. Copyright Office, Washington D.C., 20559, where it is registered under U.S. Copyright Registration No. TXU510087 and is described in WO 2001/007611.
  • percent amino acid sequence identity values are generated using the ggsearch program of the FASTA package version 36.3.8c or later with a BLOSUM50 comparison matrix.
  • the FASTA program package was authored by W. R. Pearson and D. J. Lipman (1988), “Improved Tools for Biological Sequence Analysis”, PNAS 85:2444-2448; W. R. Pearson (1996) “Effective protein sequence comparison” Meth. Enzymol. 266:227- 258; and Pearson et. al. (1997) Genomics 46:24-36 and is publicly available from www.fasta.bioch.virginia.edu/fasta_www2/fasta_down. shtml or www.
  • pharmaceutical composition or “pharmaceutical formulation” refers to a preparation which is in such form as to permit the biological activity of an active ingredient contained therein to be effective, and which contains no additional components which are unacceptably toxic to a subject to which the pharmaceutical composition would be administered.
  • a “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to an ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition or formulation, other than an active ingredient, which is nontoxic to a subject.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes, but is not limited to, a buffer, excipient, stabilizer, or preservative.
  • treatment refers to clinical intervention in an attempt to alter the natural course of a disease in the individual being treated, and can be performed either for prophylaxis or during the course of clinical pathology. Desirable effects of treatment include, but are not limited to, preventing occurrence or recurrence of disease, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of any direct or indirect pathological consequences of the disease, preventing metastasis, decreasing the rate of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission or improved prognosis.
  • antibodies of the invention are used to delay development of a disease or to slow the progression of a disease.
  • variable region refers to the domain of an antibody heavy or light chain that is involved in binding the antibody to antigen.
  • the variable domains of the heavy chain and light chain (VH and VL, respectively) of a native antibody generally have similar structures, with each domain comprising four conserved framework regions (FRs) and three complementary determining regions (CDRs).
  • FRs conserved framework regions
  • CDRs complementary determining regions
  • antibodies that bind a particular antigen may be isolated using a VH or VL domain from an antibody that binds the antigen to screen a library of complementary VL or VH domains, respectively. See, e.g., Portolano et al., J. Immunol. 150:880-887 (1993); Clarkson et al., Nature 352:624-628 (1991).
  • vector refers to a nucleic acid molecule capable of propagating another nucleic acid to which it is linked.
  • the term includes the vector as a self-replicating nucleic acid structure as well as the vector incorporated into the genome of a host cell into which it has been introduced.
  • Certain vectors are capable of directing the expression of nucleic acids to which they are operatively linked. Such vectors are referred to herein as “expression vectors”.
  • the invention is based, in part, on the provision of antibodies that specifically bind to human C3bBb that were obtained upon screening using a stabilized C3bBb complex.
  • antibodies that bind to human C3bBb are provided.
  • Antibodies of the invention are useful, e.g., for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of diseases, such as ocular diseases, e.g. age related macular degeneration.
  • the invention provides an antibody that specifically binds to human C3bBb. In another aspect, the invention provides an antibody that specifically binds to human C3bBb comprising a Bb subunit of factor B (FB) with a D279G mutation. In one embodiment, the antibody binds to human C3bBb comprising a Bb subunit of factor B (FB) with an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 492.
  • the invention provides an antibody that specifically binds to human C3bBb comprising a Bb subunit of factor B (FB) with D279G, K350N and M458I mutations.
  • the antibody binds to human C3bBb comprising a Bb subunit of factor B (FB) with an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 493.
  • the invention provides an antibody that binds to human C3bBb, wherein the antibody:
  • C3bBb which comprises the Bb subunit of a recombinant Factor B (FB) protein, which comprises a D279G mutation and optionally mutations K350N and/or a M458I; and/or inhibits the alternative pathway; and/or is an agonist or antagonist of C3bBb activity; and/or specifically binds to cynomolgus C3bBb and human C3bBb, and/or specifically binds to African green monkey C3bBb and human C3bBb, and/or
  • FB recombinant Factor B
  • Antibodies of the invention may be provided by screening using a stabilized C3bBb that was provided using a recombinant FB protein with a D279G and optionally, further mutations K350N and/or M458I.
  • Wild type C3bBb is a rapidly decaying molecule, which requires stabilization to be used for antibody screening purposes.
  • the inventors of the present invention were able to increase the half life of the C3bBb complex from about 5 minutes to 11 hours, which allowed for using the stabilized complex for antibody generation in a phage library panning.
  • antibodies of the invention specifically bind to stabilized C3bBb, particularly to C3bBb comprising the Bb subunit of factor B (FB) with a D279G mutation and optionally mutations K350N and/or a M458I.
  • the antibodies of the invention specifically bind to stabilized C3bBb comprising the Bb subunit of factor B (FB) with D279G, K350N and M458I mutations (preferably of FB with an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 493).
  • one aspect of the invention is an antibody that binds to human C3bBb comprising the Bb subunit of recombinant factor B (FB) with D279G, K350N and M458I mutations (preferably of FB with an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 493) that inhibits the alternative pathway.
  • FB recombinant factor B
  • antibodies of the invention specifically bind to wild-type human C3bBb (Example 14) and are capable of inhibiting the alternative pathway (Example 9).
  • the antibodies of the invention bind to an epitope on human C3bBb that includes amino acid residues of the C3b subunit and amino acid residues of the Bb subunit of human C3bBb. This may be achieved by screening antibodies using a stabilized C3bBb as target antigen, e.g. by a method as described herein.
  • the epitope of antibodies of the invention may be identified by methods known in the art, e.g., by cryogenic electron microscopy.
  • P1AF8499 (#20, see Examples 2 and 4) of the invention was analyzed by cryogenic electron microscopy of the trimeric complex of the antibody with C3bBb (Example 4).
  • the epitope is a conformational epitope including amino acid residues of the C3b subunit and amino acid residues of the Bb subunit of human C3bBb, which results in that the antibodies specifically bind to C3bBb while showing no relevant binding activity to its subunits C3b and Bb.
  • Cryogenic electron microscopy was used to identify amino acids that are bound by the antibody of the invention (Table E5 of Example 4).
  • the antibody binds to an epitope comprising the following amino acid residues on wild-type human C3bBb as detected by cryogenic electron microscopy, preferably with a method according to Example 4:
  • C3b subunit Arg444, Lys534, Gly539, Ser540, Val524, Lys544, Gly546, Gln547, Ser548, Arg551, Gln557, Gln558, Thr560, Lys562, Glu564, Glu758, Pro759, Lys761, Asn762, Ile764, Leu768, Asn770, Asp797, and
  • the antibody binds to the same or an overlapping epitope than the epitope bound by antibody having a VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 39 and a VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 30.
  • Each one of the 217 antibodies disclosed herein are disclosed as an invention, being defined by their 6 CDRs as derived from the amino acid sequences of their VH domain amino acid sequence and their VL amino acid sequence as indicated in Table DI .
  • the antibodies of the invention are characterized by a VH domain having the VH amino acid sequence indicated in Table DI, and a VL domain having the VL amino acid sequence as indicated in Table DI.
  • One aspect of the invention is an antibody that specifically binds to human C3bBb comprising a set of six CDRs of any one of the antibodies of Table DI.
  • the antibody comprises a variable light chain amino acid sequence and a variable heavy chain amino acid sequence of any one of the antibodies of Table DI.
  • the invention refers to an antibody selected from antibody #1 to antibody #217 as indicated in the first column of Table DI, wherein the antibody comprises a set of six CDRs as derived from the amino acid sequences of its respective VH domain amino acid sequence and its respective VL amino acid sequence as indicated in Table DI.
  • the antibody comprises a variable light chain amino acid sequence and a variable heavy chain amino acid sequence of any one of the antibodies of Table DI.
  • the invention refers to an antibody selected from antibody #1 to antibody #122 as indicated in the first column of Table DI, wherein the antibody comprises a set of six CDRs as derived from the amino acid sequences of its respective VH domain amino acid sequence and its respective VL amino acid sequence as indicated in Table DI.
  • the antibody comprises a variable light chain amino acid sequence and a variable heavy chain amino acid sequence of any one of the antibodies of Table DI.
  • the invention refers to an antibody selected from antibody #1 to antibody #7 and #22 to #217 as indicated in the first column of Table DI, wherein the antibody comprises a set of six CDRs as derived from the amino acid sequences of its respective VH domain amino acid sequence and its respective VL amino acid sequence as indicated in Table DI.
  • the antibody comprises a variable light chain amino acid sequence and a variable heavy chain amino acid sequence of any one of the antibodies of Table DI.
  • the invention refers to an antibody selected from antibody #1 to antibody #7 and #22 to #122 as indicated in the first column of Table DI, wherein the antibody comprises a set of six CDRs as derived from the amino acid sequences of its respective VH domain amino acid sequence and its respective VL amino acid sequence as indicated in Table DI.
  • the antibody comprises a variable light chain amino acid sequence and a variable heavy chain amino acid sequence of any one of the antibodies of Table DI.
  • the invention refers to an antibody selected from antibody #1 to antibody #7 as indicated in the first column of Table DI, wherein the antibody comprises a set of six CDRs as derived from the amino acid sequences of its respective VH domain amino acid sequence and its respective VL amino acid sequence as indicated in Table DI.
  • the antibody comprises a variable light chain amino acid sequence and a variable heavy chain amino acid sequence of any one of the antibodies of Table DI.
  • the invention refers to an antibody derived from the antibody #22 as indicated in the first column of Table DI.
  • Another aspect of the invention is an antibody that specifically binds to human C3bBb comprising a set of VH and VL domains of any one of the antibodies of Table DI.
  • the antibody comprises a set of six CDRs of any one of the antibodies of Table E4.
  • the antibody comprises a set of VH and VL domains of any one of the antibodies of Table E4.
  • the invention provides an antibody comprising (a) CDR- H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:449; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:450; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:451; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:452; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:453; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:454 (corresponding to antibody #1, P1AG9426).
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the CDR sequences of the VH of SEQ ID NO: 1. In another embodiment, an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the CDR sequences of the VL of SEQ ID NO:2. In another embodiment, an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the CDR sequences of the VH of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the CDR sequences of the VL of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the CDR-H1, CDR- H2 and CDR-H3 amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3 amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO:1 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a framework of at least 95% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:2 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:2 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:2 and a framework of at least 95% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 2 and a framework of at least particularly of at least 98% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:449; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:450; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:451; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:452; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:453; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:454, and a VH domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and a VL domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:449; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:450; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:451; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:452; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:453; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:454, and a VH domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and a VL domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
  • the VH domain has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
  • the VL domain has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • the antibody binds to C3bBb having a a dissociation constant (KD) that is up to 10 fold reduced or up to 10 fold increased when compared to the dissociation constant (KD) of an antibody comprising a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) sequence having at least 95%, sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • a VH sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity contains substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the VH sequence in SEQ ID NO: 1, including post-translational modifications of that sequence.
  • the VH comprises one, two or three CDRs selected from: (a) CDR-H1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:449, (b) CDR-H2, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:450, and (c) CDR-H3, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:451.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a light chain variable domain (VL) sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • a VL sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity contains substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:2.
  • the substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the VL sequence in SEQ ID NO:2, including post-translational modifications of that sequence.
  • the VL comprises one, two or three CDRs selected from: (a) CDR-L1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:452, (b) CDR-L2, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:453, and (c) CDR-L3, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 454.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a VH sequence as in any of the aspects provided above, and a VL sequence as in any of the aspects provided above.
  • the antibody comprises the VH and VL sequences in SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO:2, respectively, including post-translational modifications of those sequences.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ OF NO:435 and a light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:436.
  • an antibody in one aspect, comprises a VH domain as described above and the heavy chain constant domain amino acid sequences as comprised in SEQ ID NO:435, and a VL domain as described above and the light chain constant domain amino acid sequences as comprised in SEQ ID NO:436.
  • the invention provides an antibody comprising (a) CDR- H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:455; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:456; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:457; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:458; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:459; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:460 (corresponding to antibody #2, Pl AG9376).
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the CDR sequences of the VH of SEQ ID NO:3. In another embodiment, an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the CDR sequences of the VL of SEQ ID NO:4. In another embodiment, an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the CDR sequences of the VH of SEQ ID NO:3 and the CDR sequences of the VL of SEQ ID NO:4.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the CDR-H1, CDR- H2 and CDR-H3 amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 3 and the CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3 amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NON.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO:3 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NON.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NON and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NON.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NON and a framework of at least 95% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NON.
  • the anti- C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NON and a framework of at least of at least 98% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NON.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NON and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NON.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NON and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NON.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NON and a framework of at least 95% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:4.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 4 and a framework of at least particularly of at least 98% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NON.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:455; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:456; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:457; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:458; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:459; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:460, and a VH domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NON, and a VL domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID N
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NON55; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NON56; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NON57; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NON58; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NON59; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NON60, and a VH domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NON, and a VL domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NON;
  • the VH domain has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NON. In one aspect, the VL domain has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NON. In one aspect, the antibody binds to C3bBb having a a dissociation constant (KD) that is up to 10 fold reduced or up to 10 fold increased when compared to the dissociation constant (KD) of an antibody comprising a VH sequence of SEQ ID NON and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NON.
  • KD dissociation constant
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) sequence having at least 95%, sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4.
  • a VH sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity contains substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:3.
  • substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the VH sequence in SEQ ID NO:3, including post-translational modifications of that sequence.
  • the VH comprises one, two or three CDRs selected from: (a) CDR-H1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:455, (b) CDR-H2, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:456, and (c) CDR-H3, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:457.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a light chain variable domain (VL) sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4.
  • a VL sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity contains substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:4.
  • the substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the VL sequence in SEQ ID NO:4, including post-translational modifications of that sequence.
  • the VL comprises one, two or three CDRs selected from: (a) CDR-L1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:458, (b) CDR-L2, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:459, and (c) CDR-L3, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:460.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody is provided, wherein the antibody comprises a VH sequence as in any of the aspects provided above, and a VL sequence as in any of the aspects provided above.
  • the antibody comprises the VH and VL sequences in SEQ ID NO:3 and SEQ ID NO:4, respectively, including post-translational modifications of those sequences.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ OF NO:437 and a light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:438.
  • an antibody in one aspect, comprises a VH domain as described above and the heavy chain constant domain amino acid sequences as comprised in SEQ ID NO:437, and a VL domain as described above and the light chain constant domain amino acid sequences as comprised in SEQ ID NO:438.
  • the invention provides an antibody comprising (a) CDR- H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:461; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:462; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:463; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:464; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:465; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:466 (corresponding to antibody #3, Pl AG9372).
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the CDR sequences of the VH of SEQ ID NO: 5. In another embodiment, an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the CDR sequences of the VL of SEQ ID NO:6. In another embodiment, an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the CDR sequences of the VH of SEQ ID NO:5 and the CDR sequences of the VL of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the CDR-H1, CDR- H2 and CDR-H3 amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 5 and the CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3 amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 5 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO:5.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 5 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 5 and a framework of at least 95% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • the anti- C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO:5 and a framework of at least of at least 98% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 6 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 6 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 6 and a framework of at least 95% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 6 and a framework of at least particularly of at least 98% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:461; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:462; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:463; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:464; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:465; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:466, and a VH domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, and a VL domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:461; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:462; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:463; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:464; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:465; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:466, and a VH domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, and a VL domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO
  • the VH domain has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5. In one aspect, the VL domain has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6. In one aspect, the antibody binds to C3bBb having a a dissociation constant (KD) that is up to 10 fold reduced or up to 10 fold increased when compared to the dissociation constant (KD) of an antibody comprising a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • KD dissociation constant
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) sequence having at least 95%, sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • a VH sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity contains substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:5.
  • substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the VH sequence in SEQ ID NO:5, including post-translational modifications of that sequence.
  • the VH comprises one, two or three CDRs selected from: (a) CDR-H1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:461, (b) CDR-H2, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:462, and (c) CDR-H3, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:463.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a light chain variable domain (VL) sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • a VL sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity contains substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the VL sequence in SEQ ID NO: 6, including post-translational modifications of that sequence.
  • the VL comprises one, two or three CDRs selected from: (a) CDR-L1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:464, (b) CDR-L2, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:465, and (c) CDR-L3, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:466.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a VH sequence as in any of the aspects provided above, and a VL sequence as in any of the aspects provided above.
  • the antibody comprises the VH and VL sequences in SEQ ID NO:5 and SEQ ID NO:6, respectively, including post-translational modifications of those sequences.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ OF NO:439 and a light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:440.
  • an antibody in one aspect, comprises a VH domain as described above and the heavy chain constant domain amino acid sequences as comprised in SEQ ID NO:439, and a VL domain as described above and the light chain constant domain amino acid sequences as comprised in SEQ ID NO:440.
  • the invention provides an antibody comprising (a) CDR- H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:467; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:468; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:469; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:470; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:471; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:472 (corresponding to antibody #4, Pl AG9420).
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the CDR sequences of the VH of SEQ ID NO:7. In another embodiment, an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the CDR sequences of the VL of SEQ ID NO:8. In another embodiment, an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the CDR sequences of the VH of SEQ ID NO: 7 and the CDR sequences of the VL of SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the CDR-H1, CDR- H2 and CDR-H3 amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 7 and the CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3 amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:8.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO:7 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO:7.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 7 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO:7.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 7 and a framework of at least 95% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO:7.
  • the anti- C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO:7 and a framework of at least of at least 98% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO:7.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 8 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:8.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 8 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 8 and a framework of at least 95% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 8 and a framework of at least particularly of at least 98% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO:8.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:467; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:468; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:469; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:470; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:471; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:472, and a VH domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, and a VL domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:467; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:468; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:469; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:470; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:471; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:472, and a VH domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, and a VL domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
  • the VH domain has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7. In one aspect, the VL domain has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8. In one aspect, the antibody binds to C3bBb having a a dissociation constant (KD) that is up to 10 fold reduced or up to 10 fold increased when compared to the dissociation constant (KD) of an antibody comprising a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:7 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:8.
  • KD dissociation constant
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) sequence having at least 95%, sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • a VH sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity contains substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:7.
  • substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the VH sequence in SEQ ID NO: 7, including post-translational modifications of that sequence.
  • the VH comprises one, two or three CDRs selected from: (a) CDR-H1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:467, (b) CDR-H2, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:468, and (c) CDR-H3, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:469.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a light chain variable domain (VL) sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8.
  • a VL sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity contains substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:8.
  • the substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a VH sequence as in any of the aspects provided above, and a VL sequence as in any of the aspects provided above.
  • the antibody comprises the VH and VL sequences in SEQ ID NO:7 and SEQ ID NO:8, respectively, including post-translational modifications of those sequences.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ OF NO:441 and a light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:442.
  • an antibody in one aspect, comprises a VH domain as described above and the heavy chain constant domain amino acid sequences as comprised in SEQ ID NO:441, and a VL domain as described above and the light chain constant domain amino acid sequences as comprised in SEQ ID NO:442.
  • the invention provides an antibody comprising (a) CDR- H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:473; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:474; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:475; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:476; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:477; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:478 (corresponding to antibody #5, P1AG9391).
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the CDR-H1, CDR- H2 and CDR-H3 amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NOV and the CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3 amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO:10.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO:9 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NOV.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NOV and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NOV.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NOV and a framework of at least 95% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NOV.
  • the anti- C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NOV and a framework of at least of at least 98% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NOV.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 10 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 10 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO : 10 and a framework of at least 95% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • the anti- C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 10 and a framework of at least particularly of at least 98% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:473; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:474; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:475; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:476; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:477; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:478, and a VH domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, and a VL domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:473; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:474; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:475; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:476; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:477; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:478, and a VH domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOV, and a VL domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO
  • the VH domain has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOV. In one aspect, the VL domain has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10. In one aspect, the antibody binds to C3bBb having a a dissociation constant (KD) that is up to 10 fold reduced or up to 10 fold increased when compared to the dissociation constant (KD) of an antibody comprising a VH sequence of SEQ ID NOV and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • KD dissociation constant
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOV.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) sequence having at least 95%, sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • a VH sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity contains substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:9.
  • substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the VH sequence in SEQ ID NO: 9, including post-translational modifications of that sequence.
  • the VH comprises one, two or three CDRs selected from: (a) CDR-H1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:473, (b) CDR-H2, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:474, and (c) CDR-H3, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:475.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a light chain variable domain (VL) sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • a VL sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity contains substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • the substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the VL sequence in SEQ ID NO: 10, including post-translational modifications of that sequence.
  • the VL comprises one, two or three CDRs selected from: (a) CDR-L1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:476, (b) CDR-L2, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:477, and (c) CDR-L3, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:478.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a VH sequence as in any of the aspects provided above, and a VL sequence as in any of the aspects provided above.
  • the antibody comprises the VH and VL sequences in SEQ ID NOV and SEQ ID NO: 10, respectively, including post-translational modifications of those sequences.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ OF NO:443 and a light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:444.
  • an antibody is provided that comprises a VH domain as described above and the heavy chain constant domain amino acid sequences as comprised in SEQ ID NO:443, and a VL domain as described above and the light chain constant domain amino acid sequences as comprised in SEQ ID NO:444.
  • the invention provides an antibody comprising (a) CDR- H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:479; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:480; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:481; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:482; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:483; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:484 (corresponding to antibody #6, Pl AH1205).
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the CDR sequences of the VH of SEQ ID NO:11. In another embodiment, an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the CDR sequences of the VL of SEQ ID NO: 12. In another embodiment, an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the CDR sequences of the VH of SEQ ID NO: 11 and the CDR sequences of the VL of SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the CDR-H1, CDR- H2 and CDR-H3 amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 11 and the CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3 amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 11 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 11 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 11 and a framework of at least 95% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 11 and a framework of at least of at least 98% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 12 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 12 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 12 and a framework of at least 95% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • the anti- C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 12 and a framework of at least particularly of at least 98% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:479; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:480; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:481; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:482; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:483; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:484, and a VH domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, and a VL domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:479; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:480; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:481; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:482; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:483; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:484, and a VH domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, and a VL domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
  • the VH domain has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11. In one aspect, the VL domain has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12. In one aspect, the antibody binds to C3bBb having a a dissociation constant (KD) that is up to 10 fold reduced or up to 10 fold increased when compared to the dissociation constant (KD) of an antibody comprising a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • KD dissociation constant
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) sequence having at least 95%, sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • a VH sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity contains substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the VH sequence in SEQ ID NO: 11, including post-translational modifications of that sequence.
  • the VH comprises one, two or three CDRs selected from: (a) CDR-H1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:479, (b) CDR-H2, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:480, and (c) CDR-H3, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:481.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a light chain variable domain (VL) sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • a VL sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity contains substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • the substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the VL sequence in SEQ ID NO: 12, including post-translational modifications of that sequence.
  • the VL comprises one, two or three CDRs selected from: (a) CDR-L1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:482, (b) CDR-L2, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:483, and (c) CDR-L3, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:484.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a VH sequence as in any of the aspects provided above, and a VL sequence as in any of the aspects provided above.
  • the antibody comprises the VH and VL sequences in SEQ ID NO: 11 and SEQ ID NO: 12, respectively, including post-translational modifications of those sequences.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ OF NO:445 and a light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:446.
  • an antibody in one aspect, comprises a VH domain as described above and the heavy chain constant domain amino acid sequences as comprised in SEQ ID NO:445, and a VL domain as described above and the light chain constant domain amino acid sequences as comprised in SEQ ID NO:446.
  • the invention provides an antibody comprising (a) CDR- H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:485; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:486; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:487; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:488; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:489; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:490 (corresponding to antibody #7, Pl AHI 199).
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the CDR sequences of the VH of SEQ ID NO: 13. In another embodiment, an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the CDR sequences of the VL of SEQ ID NO: 14. In another embodiment, an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the CDR sequences of the VH of SEQ ID NO: 13 and the CDR sequences of the VL of SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the CDR-H1, CDR- H2 and CDR-H3 amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 13 and the CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3 amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 13 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 13 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 13 and a framework of at least 95% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 13 and a framework of at least of at least 98% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises one or more of the light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 14 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 14 and a framework of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 14 and a framework of at least 95% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the anti- C3bBb antibody comprises the three light chain CDR amino acid sequences of the VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 14 and a framework of at least particularly of at least 98% sequence identity to the framework amino acid sequence of the VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:485; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:486; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:487; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:488; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:489; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:490, and a VH domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and a VL domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:485; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:486; (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:487; (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:488; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:489; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:490, and a VH domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and a VL domain having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
  • the VH domain has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13. In one aspect, the VL domain has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. In one aspect, the antibody binds to C3bBb having a a dissociation constant (KD) that is up to 10 fold reduced or up to 10 fold increased when compared to the dissociation constant (KD) of an antibody comprising a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • KD dissociation constant
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a heavy chain variable domain (VH) sequence having at least 95%, sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • a VH sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity contains substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the VH sequence in SEQ ID NO: 13, including post-translational modifications of that sequence.
  • the VH comprises one, two or three CDRs selected from: (a) CDR-H1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:485, (b) CDR-H2, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:486, and (c) CDR-H3, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:487.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a light chain variable domain (VL) sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprises a light chain variable domain (VL) sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • a VL sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity contains substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising that sequence retains the ability to bind to C3bBb.
  • a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the anti-C3bBb antibody comprises the VL sequence in SEQ ID NO: 14, including post-translational modifications of that sequence.
  • the VL comprises one, two or three CDRs selected from: (a) CDR-L1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:488, (b) CDR-L2, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:489, and (c) CDR-L3, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:490.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody is provided, wherein the antibody comprises a VH sequence as in any of the aspects provided above, and a VL sequence as in any of the aspects provided above.
  • the antibody comprises the VH and VL sequences in SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14, respectively, including post-translational modifications of those sequences.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody comprising a heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ OF NO:447 and a light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:448.
  • an antibody in one aspect, comprises a VH domain as described above and the heavy chain constant domain amino acid sequences as comprised in SEQ ID NO:447, and a VL domain as described above and the light chain constant domain amino acid sequences as comprised in SEQ ID NO:448.
  • an anti-human C3bBb antibody according to any of the above aspects is a monoclonal antibody, including a chimeric, humanized or human antibody.
  • an anti-human C3bBb antibody is an antibody fragment, e.g., a Fv, Fab, Fab’, scFv, diabody, or F(ab’)2 fragment.
  • the antibody is a full length antibody, e.g., an intact IgGl antibody or other antibody class or isotype as defined herein. In one embodiment the antibody is a full length IgGl antibody.
  • the antibody is a monovalent antibody. In one embodiment, the antibody is a bivalent antibody. In one embodiment, the antibody is a tri valent antibody. In one embodiment, the antibody is a tetravalent antibody.
  • an anti-human C3bBb antibody may incorporate any of the features, singly or in combination, as described in Sections 1-8 below:
  • an antibody provided herein has a dissociation constant (KD) of ⁇ IpM, ⁇ 100 nM, ⁇ 10 nM, ⁇ 1 nM, ⁇ 0.1 nM, ⁇ 0.01 nM, or ⁇ 0.001 nM.
  • KD dissociation constant
  • an antibody provided herein has a dissociation constant (KD) 10' 6 M or less, in one embodiment 10' 7 M or less, in one embodiment 10' 8 M or less, in one embodiment from 10' 8 M to 10' 13 M, in one embodiment from 10' 9 M to IO’ 13 M.
  • the antibody binds human C3bBb at about 37°C with an affinity of ⁇ 300 pM as measured by SPR. In one embodiment the antibody binds human C3bBb at about 37°C with an affinity of about 1 to 300 pM as measured by SPR. In one embodiment the antibody binds human C3bBb at about 37°C with an affinity of about 1 to about 200 pM as measured by SPR.
  • the antibody binds human C3bBb at about 25°C with an affinity of ⁇ 100 pM as measured by SPR. In one embodiment the antibody binds human C3bBb at about 25°C with an affinity of about 1 to 100 pM as measured by SPR. In one embodiment the antibody binds human C3bBb at about 25°C with an affinity of ⁇ 50 pM as measured by SPR.
  • KD is measured using a BIACORE® surface plasmon resonance assay. In one embodiment KD is measured as described in Example 5.
  • an antibody provided herein is an antibody fragment.
  • the antibody fragment is a Fab, Fab’, Fab’-SH, or F(ab’)2 fragment, in particular a Fab fragment.
  • Papain digestion of intact antibodies produces two identical antigen-binding fragments, called “Fab” fragments containing each the heavy- and light-chain variable domains (VH and VL, respectively) and also the constant domain of the light chain (CL) and the first constant domain of the heavy chain (CHI).
  • Fab fragment thus refers to an antibody fragment comprising a light chain comprising a VL domain and a CL domain, and a heavy chain fragment comprising a VH domain and a CHI domain.
  • Fab fragments differ from Fab fragments by the addition of residues at the carboxy terminus of the CHI domain including one or more cysteines from the antibody hinge region.
  • Fab’-SH are Fab’ fragments in which the cysteine residue(s) of the constant domains bear a free thiol group.
  • Pepsin treatment yields an F(ab')2 fragment that has two antigenbinding sites (two Fab fragments) and a part of the Fc region.
  • the antibody fragment is a diabody, a triabody or a tetrabody.
  • “Diabodies” are antibody fragments with two antigen-binding sites that may be bivalent or bispecific. See, for example, EP 404,097; WO 1993/01161; Hudson et al., Nat. Med. 9: 129-134 (2003); and Hollinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 6444-6448 (1993). Triabodies and tetrabodies are also described in Hudson et al., Nat. Med. 9: 129-134 (2003).
  • the antibody fragment is a single chain Fab fragment.
  • a “single chain Fab fragment” or “scFab” is a polypeptide consisting of an antibody heavy chain variable domain (VH), an antibody heavy chain constant domain 1 (CHI), an antibody light chain variable domain (VL), an antibody light chain constant domain (CL) and a linker, wherein said antibody domains and said linker have one of the following orders in N-terminal to C-terminal direction: a) VH-CH1- linker-VL-CL, b) VL-CL-linker-VH-CHl, c) VH-CL-linker-VL-CHl or d) VL- CH1 -linker- VH-CL.
  • said linker is a polypeptide of at least 30 amino acids, preferably between 32 and 50 amino acids.
  • Said single chain Fab fragments are stabilized via the natural disulfide bond between the CL domain and the CHI domain.
  • these single chain Fab fragments might be further stabilized by generation of interchain disulfide bonds via insertion of cysteine residues (e.g., position 44 in the variable heavy chain and position 100 in the variable light chain according to Kabat numbering).
  • the antibody fragment is single-chain variable fragment (scFv).
  • scFv single-chain variable fragment
  • a “single-chain variable fragment” or “scFv” is a fusion protein of the variable domains of the heavy (VH) and light chains (VL) of an antibody, connected by a linker.
  • the linker is a short polypeptide of 10 to 25 amino acids and is usually rich in glycine for flexibility, as well as serine or threonine for solubility, and can either connect the N-terminus of the VH with the C-terminus of the VL, or vice versa. This protein retains the specificity of the original antibody, despite removal of the constant regions and the introduction of the linker.
  • the antibody fragment is a single-domain antibody.
  • Single-domain antibodies are antibody fragments comprising all or a portion of the heavy chain variable domain or all or a portion of the light chain variable domain of an antibody.
  • a single-domain antibody is a human singledomain antibody (Domantis, Inc., Waltham, MA; see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 6,248,516 Bl).
  • Antibody fragments can be made by various techniques, including but not limited to proteolytic digestion of an intact antibody as well as recombinant production by recombinant host cells (e.g., E. coli), as described herein.
  • recombinant host cells e.g., E. coli
  • an antibody provided herein is a chimeric antibody.
  • Certain chimeric antibodies are described, e.g., in U.S. Patent No. 4,816,567; and Morrison et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81 :6851-6855 (1984)).
  • a chimeric antibody comprises a non-human variable region (e.g., a variable region derived from a mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, or non-human primate, such as a monkey) and a human constant region.
  • a chimeric antibody is a “class switched” antibody in which the class or subclass has been changed from that of the parent antibody. Chimeric antibodies include antigen-binding fragments thereof.
  • a chimeric antibody is a humanized antibody.
  • a non-human antibody is humanized to reduce immunogenicity to humans, while retaining the specificity and affinity of the parental non-human antibody.
  • a humanized antibody comprises one or more variable domains in which the CDRs (or portions thereof) are derived from a non-human antibody, and FRs (or portions thereof) are derived from human antibody sequences.
  • a humanized antibody optionally will also comprise at least a portion of a human constant region.
  • some FR residues in a humanized antibody are substituted with corresponding residues from a non-human antibody (e.g., the antibody from which the CDR residues are derived), e.g., to restore or improve antibody specificity or affinity.
  • a non-human antibody e.g., the antibody from which the CDR residues are derived
  • Human framework regions that may be used for humanization include but are not limited to: framework regions selected using the “best-fit” method (see, e.g., Sims et al. J. Immunol. 151 :2296 (1993)); framework regions derived from the consensus sequence of human antibodies of a particular subgroup of light or heavy chain variable regions (see, e.g., Carter et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:4285 (1992); and Presta et al. J. Immunol., 151 :2623 (1993)); human mature (somatically mutated) framework regions or human germline framework regions (see, e.g., Almagro and Fransson, Front. Biosci.
  • an antibody provided herein is a human antibody.
  • Human antibodies can be produced using various techniques known in the art. Human antibodies are described generally in van Dijk and van de Winkel, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 5: 368-74 (2001) andLonberg, Curr. Opin. Immunol. 20:450-459 (2008).
  • Human antibodies may be prepared by administering an immunogen to a transgenic animal that has been modified to produce intact human antibodies or intact antibodies with human variable regions in response to antigenic challenge.
  • Such animals typically contain all or a portion of the human immunoglobulin loci, which replace the endogenous immunoglobulin loci, or which are present extrachromosomally or integrated randomly into the animal’ s chromosomes.
  • the endogenous immunoglobulin loci have generally been inactivated.
  • Human antibodies can also be made by hybridoma-based methods. Human myeloma and mouse-human heteromyeloma cell lines for the production of human monoclonal antibodies have been described. (See, e.g., Kozbor J. Immunol., 133: 3001 (1984); Brodeur et al., Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications, pp. 51-63 (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1987); and Boerner et al., J. Immunol., 147: 86 (1991).) Human antibodies generated via human B-cell hybridoma technology are also described in Li et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103 :3557-3562 (2006).
  • Additional methods include those described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 7,189,826 (describing production of monoclonal human IgM antibodies from hybridoma cell lines) and Ni, Xiandai Mianyixue, 26(4):265-268 (2006) (describing human-human hybridomas).
  • Human hybridoma technology Trioma technology
  • Vollmers and Brandlein, Histology and Histopathology, 20(3):927-937 (2005) and Vollmers and Brandlein, Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 27(3): 185-91 (2005).
  • Human antibodies may also be generated by isolating variable domain sequences selected from human-derived phage display libraries. Such variable domain sequences may then be combined with a desired human constant domain. Techniques for selecting human antibodies from antibody libraries are described below.
  • an antibody provided herein is derived from a library.
  • Antibodies of the invention may be isolated by screening combinatorial libraries for antibodies with the desired activity or activities. Methods for screening combinatorial libraries are reviewed, e.g., in Lerner et al. in Nature Reviews 16:498- 508 (2016). For example, a variety of methods are known in the art for generating phage display libraries and screening such libraries for antibodies possessing the desired binding characteristics. Such methods are reviewed, e.g., in Frenzel et al. in mAbs 8: 1177-1194 (2016); Bazan et al. in Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics 8: 1817-1828 (2012) and Zhao et al.
  • repertoires of VH and VL genes are separately cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and recombined randomly in phage libraries, which can then be screened for antigen-binding phage as described in Winter et al. in Annual Review of Immunology 12: 433-455 (1994).
  • Phage typically display antibody fragments, either as single-chain Fv (scFv) fragments or as Fab fragments.
  • naive repertoire can be cloned (e.g., from human) to provide a single source of antibodies to a wide range of non-self and also self antigens without any immunization as described by Griffiths et al. in EMBO Journal 12: 725-734 (1993).
  • naive libraries can also be made synthetically by cloning unrearranged V-gene segments from stem cells, and using PCR primers containing random sequence to encode the highly variable CDR3 regions and to accomplish rearrangement in vitro, as described by Hoogenboom and Winter in Journal of Molecular Biology 227: 381-388 (1992).
  • Patent publications describing human antibody phage libraries include, for example: US Patent Nos. 5,750,373; 7,985,840; 7,785,903 and 8,679,490 as well as US Patent Publication Nos. 2005/0079574, 2007/0117126, 2007/0237764 and 2007/0292936.
  • ribosome and mRNA display as well as methods for antibody display and selection on bacteria, mammalian cells, insect cells or yeast cells.
  • Methods for yeast surface display are reviewed, e.g., in Scholler et al. in Methods in Molecular Biology 503: 135-56 (2012) and in Cherf et al. in Methods in Molecular biology 1319: 155-175 (2015) as well as in Zhao et al. in Methods in Molecular Biology 889:73-84 (2012).
  • Methods for ribosome display are described, e.g., in He et al. in Nucleic Acids Research 25:5132- 5134 (1997) and in Hanes et al. in PNAS 94:4937-4942 (1997).
  • Antibodies or antibody fragments isolated from human antibody libraries are considered human antibodies or human antibody fragments herein.
  • an antibody provided herein is a multispecific antibody, e.g., a bispecific antibody.
  • Multispecific antibodies are monoclonal antibodies that have binding specificities for at least two different sites, i.e., different epitopes on different antigens or different epitopes on the same antigen.
  • the multispecific antibody has three or more binding specificities.
  • one of the binding specificities is for human C3bBb and the other specificity is for any other antigen.
  • bispecific antibodies may bind to two (or more) different epitopes of human C3bBb.
  • Multispecific (e.g., bispecific) antibodies may also be used to localize cytotoxic agents or cells to cells which express human C3bBb. Multispecific antibodies may be prepared as full length antibodies or antibody fragments.
  • Multispecific antibodies include, but are not limited to, recombinant co-expression of two immunoglobulin heavy chain-light chain pairs having different specificities (see Milstein and Cuello, Nature 305: 537 (1983)) and “knob-in-hole” engineering (see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 5,731,168, and Atwell et al., J. Mol. Biol. 270:26 (1997)).
  • Multi-specific antibodies may also be made by engineering electrostatic steering effects for making antibody Fc-heterodimeric molecules (see, e.g., WO 2009/089004); cross-linking two or more antibodies or fragments (see, e.g., US Patent No.
  • the bispecific antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof also includes a “Dual Acting FAb” or “DAF” comprising an antigen binding site that binds to human C3bBb as well as another different antigen, or two different epitopes of human C3bBb (see, e.g., US 2008/0069820 and WO 2015/095539).
  • DAF Double Acting FAb
  • Multi-specific antibodies may also be provided in an asymmetric form with a domain crossover in one or more binding arms of the same antigen specificity, i.e. by exchanging the VH/VL domains (see e.g., WO 2009/080252 and WO 2015/150447), the CH1/CL domains (see e.g., WO 2009/080253) or the complete Fab arms (see e.g., WO 2009/080251, WO 2016/016299, also see Schaefer et al, PNAS, 108 (2011) 1187-1191, and Klein at al., MAbs 8 (2016) 1010-20).
  • the multispecific antibody comprises a cross-Fab fragment.
  • cross-Fab fragment or “xFab fragment” or “crossover Fab fragment” refers to a Fab fragment, wherein either the variable regions or the constant regions of the heavy and light chain are exchanged.
  • a cross-Fab fragment comprises a polypeptide chain composed of the light chain variable region (VL) and the heavy chain constant region 1 (CHI), and a polypeptide chain composed of the heavy chain variable region (VH) and the light chain constant region (CL).
  • Asymmetrical Fab arms can also be engineered by introducing charged or non-charged amino acid mutations into domain interfaces to direct correct Fab pairing. See e.g., WO 2016/172485.
  • a particular type of multispecific antibodies are bispecific antibodies designed to simultaneously bind to a surface antigen on a target cell, e.g., a tumor cell, and to an activating, invariant component of the T cell receptor (TCR) complex, such as CD3, for retargeting of T cells to kill target cells.
  • a target cell e.g., a tumor cell
  • an activating, invariant component of the T cell receptor (TCR) complex such as CD3, for retargeting of T cells to kill target cells.
  • TCR T cell receptor
  • an antibody provided herein is a multispecific antibody, particularly a bispecific antibody, wherein one of the binding specificities is for human C3bBb and the other is for CD3.
  • bispecific antibody formats examples include, but are not limited to, the so-called “BiTE” (bispecific T cell engager) molecules wherein two scFv molecules are fused by a flexible linker (see, e.g., WO 2004/106381, WO 2005/061547, WO 2007/042261, and WO 2008/119567, Nagorsen and Bauerle, Exp Cell Res 317, 1255-1260 (2011)); diabodies (Holliger et al., Prot Eng 9, 299-305 (1996)) and derivatives thereof, such as tandem diabodies (“TandAb”; Kipriyanov et al., J Mol Biol 293, 41-56 (1999)); “DART” (dual affinity retargeting) molecules which are based on the diabody format but feature a C- terminal disulfide bridge for additional stabilization (Johnson et al., J Mol Biol 399, 436-449 (2010)), and so-called triomabs, which are whole hybrid
  • T cell bispecific antibody formats included herein are described in WO 2013/026833, WO 2013/026839, WO 2016/020309; Bacac et al., Oncoimmunology 5(8) (2016) el203498. 7. Antibody Variants
  • amino acid sequence variants of the antibodies provided herein are contemplated.
  • Amino acid sequence variants of an antibody may be prepared by introducing appropriate modifications into the nucleotide sequence encoding the antibody, or by peptide synthesis. Such modifications include, for example, deletions from, and/or insertions into and/or substitutions of residues within the amino acid sequences of the antibody. Any combination of deletion, insertion, and substitution can be made to arrive at the final construct, provided that the final construct possesses the desired characteristics, e.g., antigen-binding. a) Substitution, Insertion, and Deletion Variants
  • antibody variants having one or more amino acid substitutions are provided.
  • Sites of interest for substitutional mutagenesis include the CDRs and FRs.
  • Conservative substitutions are shown in Table D2 under the heading of “preferred substitutions”. More substantial changes are provided in Table 1 under the heading of “exemplary substitutions”, and as further described below in reference to amino acid side chain classes.
  • Amino acid substitutions may be introduced into an antibody of interest and the products screened for a desired activity, e.g., retained/improved antigen binding, decreased immunogenicity, or improved ADCC or CDC.
  • Amino acids may be grouped according to common side-chain properties:
  • Non-conservative substitutions will entail exchanging a member of one of these classes for a member of another class.
  • One type of substitutional variant involves substituting one or more hypervariable region residues of a parent antibody (e.g., a humanized or human antibody).
  • a parent antibody e.g., a humanized or human antibody.
  • the resulting variant(s) selected for further study will have modifications (e.g., improvements) in certain biological properties (e.g., increased affinity, reduced immunogenicity) relative to the parent antibody and/or will have substantially retained certain biological properties of the parent antibody.
  • An exemplary substitutional variant is an affinity matured antibody, which may be conveniently generated, e.g., using phage display-based affinity maturation techniques such as those described herein. Briefly, one or more. CDR residues are mutated and the variant antibodies displayed on phage and screened for a particular biological activity (e.g., binding affinity).
  • Alterations may be made in CDRs, e.g., to improve antibody affinity. Such alterations may be made in CDR “hotspots”, i.e., residues encoded by codons that undergo mutation at high frequency during the somatic maturation process (see, e.g., Chowdhury, Methods Mol. Biol. 207:179-196 (2008)), and/or residues that contact antigen, with the resulting variant VH or VL being tested for binding affinity.
  • Affinity maturation by constructing and reselecting from secondary libraries has been described, e.g., in Hoogenboom et al.
  • affinity maturation diversity is introduced into the variable genes chosen for maturation by any of a variety of methods (e.g., error-prone PCR, chain shuffling, or oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis).
  • a secondary library is then created. The library is then screened to identify any antibody variants with the desired affinity.
  • Another method to introduce diversity involves CDR-directed approaches, in which several CDR residues (e.g., 4-6 residues at a time) are randomized.
  • CDR residues involved in antigen binding may be specifically identified, e.g., using alanine scanning mutagenesis or modeling.
  • CDR-H3 and CDR-L3 in particular are often targeted.
  • substitutions, insertions, or deletions may occur within one or more CDRs so long as such alterations do not substantially reduce the ability of the antibody to bind antigen.
  • conservative alterations e.g., conservative substitutions as provided herein
  • Such alterations may, for example, be outside of antigen contacting residues in the CDRs.
  • each CDR either is unaltered, or contains no more than one, two or three amino acid substitutions.
  • a useful method for identification of residues or regions of an antibody that may be targeted for mutagenesis is called “alanine scanning mutagenesis” as described by Cunningham and Wells (1989) Science, 244: 1081-1085.
  • a residue or group of target residues e.g., charged residues such as arg, asp, his, lys, and glu
  • a neutral or negatively charged amino acid e.g., alanine or polyalanine
  • a crystal structure of an antigen-antibody complex may be used to identify contact points between the antibody and antigen. Such contact residues and neighboring residues may be targeted or eliminated as candidates for substitution. Variants may be screened to determine whether they contain the desired properties.
  • Amino acid sequence insertions include amino- and/or carboxyl-terminal fusions ranging in length from one residue to polypeptides containing a hundred or more residues, as well as intrasequence insertions of single or multiple amino acid residues.
  • terminal insertions include an antibody with an N-terminal methionyl residue.
  • Other insertional variants of the antibody molecule include the fusion to the N- or C-terminus of the antibody to an enzyme (e.g., for ADEPT (antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy)) or a polypeptide which increases the serum half-life of the antibody.
  • ADEPT antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy
  • an antibody provided herein is altered to increase or decrease the extent to which the antibody is glycosylated.
  • Addition or deletion of glycosylation sites to an antibody may be conveniently accomplished by altering the amino acid sequence such that one or more glycosylation sites is created or removed.
  • the oligosaccharide attached thereto may be altered.
  • Native antibodies produced by mammalian cells typically comprise a branched, biantennary oligosaccharide that is generally attached by an N- linkage to Asn297 of the CH2 domain of the Fc region. See, e.g., Wright et al. TIB TECH 15:26-32 (1997).
  • the oligosaccharide may include various carbohydrates, e.g., mannose, N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc), galactose, and sialic acid, as well as a fucose attached to a GlcNAc in the “stem” of the biantennary oligosaccharide structure.
  • modifications of the oligosaccharide in an antibody of the invention may be made in order to create antibody variants with certain improved properties.
  • antibody variants having a non-fucosylated oligosaccharide, i.e. an oligosaccharide structure that lacks fucose attached (directly or indirectly) to an Fc region.
  • a non-fucosylated oligosaccharide also referred to as “afucosylated” oligosaccharide
  • Such non-fucosylated oligosaccharide particularly is an N-linked oligosaccharide which lacks a fucose residue attached to the first GlcNAc in the stem of the biantennary oligosaccharide structure.
  • antibody variants having an increased proportion of non-fucosylated oligosaccharides in the Fc region as compared to a native or parent antibody.
  • the proportion of non- fucosylated oligosaccharides may be at least about 20%, at least about 40%, at least about 60%, at least about 80%, or even about 100% (i.e. no fucosylated oligosaccharides are present).
  • the percentage of non-fucosylated oligosaccharides is the (average) amount of oligosaccharides lacking fucose residues, relative to the sum of all oligosaccharides attached to Asn 297 (e. g.
  • Asn297 refers to the asparagine residue located at about position 297 in the Fc region (EU numbering of Fc region residues); however, Asn297 may also be located about ⁇ 3 amino acids upstream or downstream of position 297, i.e., between positions 294 and 300, due to minor sequence variations in antibodies.
  • Such antibodies having an increased proportion of non-fucosylated oligosaccharides in the Fc region may have improved FcyRIIIa receptor binding and/or improved effector function, in particular improved ADCC function. See, e.g., US 2003/0157108; US 2004/0093621.
  • Examples of cell lines capable of producing antibodies with reduced fucosylation include Lecl3 CHO cells deficient in protein fucosylation (Ripka et al. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 249:533-545 (1986); US 2003/0157108; and WO 2004/056312, especially at Example 11), and knockout cell lines, such as alpha-1, 6- fucosyltransferase gene, FUT8, knockout CHO cells (see, e.g., Yamane-Ohnuki et al. Biotech. Bioeng. 87:614-622 (2004); Kanda, Y. et al., Biotechnol.
  • antibody variants are provided with bisected oligosaccharides, e.g., in which a biantennary oligosaccharide attached to the Fc region of the antibody is bisected by GlcNAc.
  • Such antibody variants may have reduced fucosylation and/or improved ADCC function as described above. Examples of such antibody variants are described, e.g., in Umana et al., Nat Biotechnol 17, 176-180 (1999); Ferrara et al., Biotechn Bioeng 93, 851-861 (2006); WO 99/54342; WO 2004/065540, WO 2003/011878.
  • Antibody variants with at least one galactose residue in the oligosaccharide attached to the Fc region are also provided. Such antibody variants may have improved CDC function. Such antibody variants are described, e.g., in WO 1997/30087; WO 1998/58964; and WO 1999/22764. c) Fc region variants
  • one or more amino acid modifications may be introduced into the Fc region of an antibody provided herein, thereby generating an Fc region variant.
  • the Fc region variant may comprise a human Fc region sequence (e.g., a human IgGl, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 Fc region) comprising an amino acid modification (e.g., a substitution) at one or more amino acid positions.
  • the invention contemplates an antibody variant that possesses some but not all effector functions, which make it a desirable candidate for applications in which the half life of the antibody in vivo is important yet certain effector functions (such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibodydependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)) are unnecessary or deleterious.
  • CDC complement-dependent cytotoxicity
  • ADCC antibodydependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
  • In vitro and/or in vivo cytotoxicity assays can be conducted to confirm the reduction/depletion of CDC and/or ADCC activities.
  • Fc receptor (FcR) binding assays can be conducted to ensure that the antibody lacks FcyR binding (hence likely lacking ADCC activity), but retains FcRn binding ability.
  • NK cells express FcyRIII only, whereas monocytes express FcyRI, FcyRII and FcyRIII.
  • FcR expression on hematopoietic cells is summarized in Table 3 on page 464 of Ravetch and Kinet, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9:457-492 (1991).
  • Non-limiting examples of in vitro assays to assess ADCC activity of a molecule of interest is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,500,362 (see, e.g., Hellstrom, I. et al. Proc. Nat’l Acad. Sci. USA 83:7059-7063 (1986)) and Hellstrom, I et al., Proc.
  • nonradioactive assays methods may be employed (see, for example, ACTITM nonradioactive cytotoxicity assay for flow cytometry (CellTechnology, Inc. Mountain View, CA; and CytoTox 96® non-radioactive cytotoxicity assay (Promega, Madison, WI).
  • Useful effector cells for such assays include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Natural Killer (NK) cells.
  • ADCC activity of the molecule of interest may be assessed in vivo, e.g., in a animal model such as that disclosed in Clynes et al. Proc. Nat’l Acad. Sci. USA 95:652-656 (1998).
  • Clq binding assays may also be carried out to confirm that the antibody is unable to bind Clq and hence lacks CDC activity. See, e.g., Clq and C3c binding ELISA in WO 2006/029879 and WO 2005/100402.
  • a CDC assay may be performed (see, for example, Gazzano- Santoro et al., J. Immunol.
  • FcRn binding and in vivo clearance/half life determinations can also be performed using methods known in the art (see, e.g., Petkova, S.B. et al., Inf 1. Immunol. 18(12): 1759-1769 (2006); WO 2013/120929 Al).
  • Antibodies with reduced effector function include those with substitution of one or more of Fc region residues 238, 265, 269, 270, 297, 327 and 329 (U.S. Patent No. 6,737,056).
  • Fc mutants include Fc mutants with substitutions at two or more of amino acid positions 265, 269, 270, 297 and 327, including the so-called “DANA” Fc mutant with substitution of residues 265 and 297 to alanine (US Patent No. 7,332,581).
  • an antibody variant comprises an Fc region with one or more amino acid substitutions which improve ADCC, e.g., substitutions at positions 298, 333, and/or 334 of the Fc region (EU numbering of residues).
  • an antibody variant comprises an Fc region with one or more amino acid substitutions which diminish FcyR binding, e.g., substitutions at positions 234 and 235 of the Fc region (EU numbering of residues).
  • the substitutions are L234A and L235A (LALA).
  • the antibody variant further comprises D265A and/or P329G in an Fc region derived from a human IgGl Fc region.
  • the substitutions are L234A, L235A and P329G (LALA-PG) in an Fc region derived from a human IgGl Fc region. (See, e.g., WO 2012/130831).
  • the substitutions are L234A, L235A and D265A (LALA-DA) in an Fc region derived from a human IgGl Fc region.
  • alterations are made in the Fc region that result in altered (i.e., either improved or diminished) Clq binding and/or Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC), e.g., as described in US Patent No. 6,194,551, WO 99/51642, and Idusogie et al. J. Immunol. 164: 4178-4184 (2000).
  • Fc region residues 238, 252, 254, 256, 265, 272, 286, 303, 305, 307, 311, 312, 317, 340, 356, 360, 362, 376, 378, 380, 382, 413, 424 or 434, e.g., substitution of Fc region residue 434 (See, e.g., US Patent No. 7,371,826; Dall'Acqua, W.F., et al. J. Biol. Chem. 281 (2006) 23514-23524).
  • an antibody variant comprises an Fc region with one or more amino acid substitutions, which reduce FcRn binding, e.g., substitutions at positions 253, and/or 310, and/or 435 of the Fc-region (EU numbering of residues).
  • the antibody variant comprises an Fc region with the amino acid substitutions at positions 253, 310 and 435.
  • the substitutions are 1253 A, H310A and H435A in an Fc region derived from a human IgGl Fc-region. See, e.g., Grevys, A., et al., J. Immunol. 194 (2015) 5497-5508.
  • an antibody variant comprises an Fc region with one or more amino acid substitutions, which reduce FcRn binding, e.g., substitutions at positions 310, and/or 433, and/or 436 of the Fc region (EU numbering of residues).
  • the antibody variant comprises an Fc region with the amino acid substitutions at positions 310, 433 and 436.
  • the substitutions are H310A, H433A and Y436A in an Fc region derived from a human IgGl Fc-region. (See, e.g., WO 2014/177460 Al).
  • an antibody variant comprises an Fc region with one or more amino acid substitutions which increase FcRn binding, e.g., substitutions at positions 252, and/or 254, and/or 256 of the Fc region (EU numbering of residues).
  • the antibody variant comprises an Fc region with amino acid substitutions at positions 252, 254, and 256.
  • the substitutions are M252Y, S254T and T256E in an Fc region derived from a human IgGl Fc-region. See also Duncan & Winter, Nature 322:738-40 (1988); U.S. Patent No. 5,648,260; U.S. Patent No. 5,624,821; and WO 94/29351 concerning other examples of Fc region variants.
  • the C-terminus of the heavy chain of the antibody as reported herein can be a complete C-terminus ending with the amino acid residues PGK.
  • the C-terminus of the heavy chain can be a shortened C-terminus in which one or two of the C terminal amino acid residues have been removed.
  • the C-terminus of the heavy chain is a shortened C-terminus ending PG.
  • an antibody comprising a heavy chain including a C-terminal CH3 domain as specified herein comprises the C-terminal glycine-lysine dipeptide (G446 and K447, EU index numbering of amino acid positions).
  • an antibody comprising a heavy chain including a C-terminal CH3 domain comprises a C-terminal glycine residue (G446, EU index numbering of amino acid positions).
  • cysteine engineered antibodies e.g., THIOMABTM antibodies
  • the substituted residues occur at accessible sites of the antibody.
  • reactive thiol groups are thereby positioned at accessible sites of the antibody and may be used to conjugate the antibody to other moieties, such as drug moieties or linker-drug moieties, to create an immunoconjugate, as described further herein.
  • Cysteine engineered antibodies may be generated as described, e.g., in U.S. Patent No. 7,521,541, 8,30,930, 7,855,275, 9,000,130, or WO 2016040856.
  • an antibody provided herein may be further modified to contain additional nonproteinaceous moieties that are known in the art and readily available.
  • the moieties suitable for derivatization of the antibody include but are not limited to water soluble polymers.
  • water soluble polymers include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol (PEG), copolymers of ethylene glycol/propylene glycol, carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly-1, 3-dioxolane, poly-1, 3, 6-trioxane, ethylene/maleic anhydride copolymer, polyaminoacids (either homopolymers or random copolymers), and dextran or poly(n-vinyl pyrrolidone)polyethylene glycol, propropylene glycol homopolymers, proly propylene oxide/ethylene oxide copolymers, polyoxyethylated polyols (e.g., glycerol),
  • PEG
  • Polyethylene glycol propionaldehyde may have advantages in manufacturing due to its stability in water.
  • the polymer may be of any molecular weight, and may be branched or unbranched.
  • the number of polymers attached to the antibody may vary, and if more than one polymer are attached, they can be the same or different molecules. In general, the number and/or type of polymers used for derivatization can be determined based on considerations including, but not limited to, the particular properties or functions of the antibody to be improved, whether the antibody derivative will be used in a therapy under defined conditions, etc.
  • the invention also provides immunoconjugates comprising an anti-human C3bBb antibody herein conjugated (chemically bonded) to one or more therapeutic agents such as cytotoxic agents, chemotherapeutic agents, drugs, growth inhibitory agents, toxins (e.g., protein toxins, enzymatically active toxins of bacterial, fungal, plant, or animal origin, or fragments thereof), or radioactive isotopes.
  • therapeutic agents such as cytotoxic agents, chemotherapeutic agents, drugs, growth inhibitory agents, toxins (e.g., protein toxins, enzymatically active toxins of bacterial, fungal, plant, or animal origin, or fragments thereof), or radioactive isotopes.
  • an immunoconjugate is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) in which an antibody is conjugated to one or more of the therapeutic agents mentioned above.
  • ADC antibody-drug conjugate
  • the antibody is typically connected to one or more of the therapeutic agents using linkers.
  • an immunoconjugate comprises an antibody as described herein conjugated to an enzymatically active toxin or fragment thereof, including but not limited to diphtheria A chain, nonbinding active fragments of diphtheria toxin, exotoxin A chain (from Pseudomonas aeruginosa), ricin A chain, abrin A chain, modeccin A chain, alpha-sarcin, Aleurites fordii proteins, dianthin proteins, Phytolaca americana proteins (PAPI, PAPII, and PAP-S), momordica charantia inhibitor, curcin, crotin, sapaonaria officinalis inhibitor, gelonin, mitogellin, restrictocin, phenomycin, enomycin, and the tricothecenes.
  • an enzymatically active toxin or fragment thereof including but not limited to diphtheria A chain, nonbinding active fragments of diphtheria toxin, exotoxin A chain (
  • an immunoconjugate comprises an antibody as described herein conjugated to a radioactive atom to form a radioconjugate.
  • a radioactive atom to form a radioconjugate.
  • radioactive isotopes are available for the production of radioconjugates. Examples include At211, 1131, 1125, Y90, Rel86, Rel88, Sml53, Bi212, P32, Pb212 and radioactive isotopes of Lu.
  • the radioconjugate When used for detection, it may comprise a radioactive atom for scintigraphic studies, for example tc99m or 1123, or a spin label for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging (also known as magnetic resonance imaging, mri), such as iodine- 123 again, iodine-131, indium-i l l, fluorine-19, carbon-13, nitrogen-15, oxygen-17, gadolinium, manganese or iron.
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • Conjugates of an antibody and cytotoxic agent may be made using a variety of bifunctional protein coupling agents such as N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP), succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidom ethyl) cyclohexane- 1- carboxylate (SMCC), iminothiolane (IT), bifunctional derivatives of imidoesters (such as dimethyl adipimidate HC1), active esters (such as disuccinimidyl suberate), aldehydes (such as glutaraldehyde), bis-azido compounds (such as bis (p- azidobenzoyl) hexanediamine), bis-diazonium derivatives (such as bis-(p- diazoniumbenzoyl)-ethylenediamine), diisocyanates (such as toluene 2,6- diisocyanate), and bis-active fluorine compounds (such as
  • a ricin immunotoxin can be prepared as described in Vitetta et al., Science 238: 1098 (1987).
  • Carbon- 14-labeled 1-isothiocyanatobenzyl- 3 -methyl di ethylene triaminepentaacetic acid (MX-DTPA) is an exemplary chelating agent for conjugation of radionucleotide to the antibody. See WO 94/11026.
  • the linker may be a “cleavable linker” facilitating release of a cytotoxic drug in the cell.
  • an acid-labile linker, peptidase-sensitive linker, photolabile linker, dimethyl linker or disulfide-containing linker (Chari et al., Cancer Res. 52:127-131 (1992); U.S. Patent No. 5,208,020) may be used.
  • the immunuoconjugates or ADCs herein expressly contemplate, but are not limited to such conjugates prepared with cross-linker reagents including, but not limited to, BMPS, EMCS, GMBS, HBVS, LC-SMCC, MBS, MPBH, SBAP, SIA, SIAB, SMCC, SMPB, SMPH, sulfo-EMCS, sulfo-GMBS, sulfo-KMUS, sulfo- MBS, sulfo-SIAB, sulfo-SMCC, and sulfo-SMPB, and SVSB (succinimidyl-(4- vinylsulfone)benzoate) which are commercially available (e.g., from Pierce Biotechnology, Inc., Rockford, IL., U.S.A).
  • cross-linker reagents including, but not limited to, BMPS, EMCS, GMBS, HBVS, LC-SM
  • Antibodies may be produced using recombinant methods and compositions, e.g., as described in US 4,816,567. For these methods one or more isolated nucleic acid(s) encoding an antibody are provided. In case of a native antibody or native antibody fragment two nucleic acids are required, one for the light chain or a fragment thereof and one for the heavy chain or a fragment thereof. Such nucleic acid(s) encode an amino acid sequence comprising the VL and/or an amino acid sequence comprising the VH of the antibody (e.g., the light and/or heavy chain(s) of the antibody). These nucleic acids can be on the same expression vector or on different expression vectors.
  • nucleic acids are required, one for the first light chain, one for the first heavy chain comprising the first heteromonomeric Fc-region polypeptide, one for the second light chain, and one for the second heavy chain comprising the second heteromonomeric Fc-region polypeptide.
  • the four nucleic acids can be comprised in one or more nucleic acid molecules or expression vectors.
  • nucleic acid(s) encode an amino acid sequence comprising the first VL and/or an amino acid sequence comprising the first VH including the first heteromonomeric Fc-region and/or an amino acid sequence comprising the second VL and/or an amino acid sequence comprising the second VH including the second heteromonomeric Fc- region of the antibody (e.g., the first and/or second light and/or the first and/or second heavy chains of the antibody).
  • nucleic acids can be on the same expression vector or on different expression vectors, normally these nucleic acids are located on two or three expression vectors, i.e. one vector can comprise more than one of these nucleic acids. Examples of these bispecific antibodies are CrossMabs (see, e.g., Schaefer, W.
  • one of the heteromonomeric heavy chain comprises the so-called “knob mutations” (T366W and optionally one of S354C or Y349C) and the other comprises the so-called “hole mutations” (T366S, L368A and Y407V and optionally Y349C or S354C) (see, e.g., Carter, P. et al., Immunotechnol. 2 (1996) 73) according to EU index numbering.
  • isolated nucleic acids encoding an antibody as used in the methods as reported herein are provided.
  • a method of making an anti-human C3bBb antibody comprises culturing a host cell comprising nucleic acid(s) encoding the antibody, as provided above, under conditions suitable for expression of the antibody, and optionally recovering the antibody from the host cell (or host cell culture medium).
  • nucleic acids encoding the antibody are isolated and inserted into one or more vectors for further cloning and/or expression in a host cell.
  • Such nucleic acids may be readily isolated and sequenced using conventional procedures (e.g., by using oligonucleotide probes that are capable of binding specifically to genes encoding the heavy and light chains of the antibody) or produced by recombinant methods or obtained by chemical synthesis.
  • Suitable host cells for cloning or expression of antibody-encoding vectors include prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells described herein.
  • antibodies may be produced in bacteria, in particular when glycosylation and Fc effector function are not needed.
  • For expression of antibody fragments and polypeptides in bacteria see, e.g., US 5,648,237, US 5,789,199, and US 5,840,523. (See also Charlton, K.A., In: Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 248, Lo, B.K.C. (ed.), Humana Press, Totowa, NJ (2003), pp. 245-254, describing expression of antibody fragments in E. coli.)
  • the antibody may be isolated from the bacterial cell paste in a soluble fraction and can be further purified.
  • eukaryotic microbes such as filamentous fungi or yeast are suitable cloning or expression hosts for antibody-encoding vectors, including fungi and yeast strains whose glycosylation pathways have been “humanized”, resulting in the production of an antibody with a partially or fully human glycosylation pattern. See Gemgross, T.U., Nat. Biotech. 22 (2004) 1409- 1414; and Li, H. et al., Nat. Biotech. 24 (2006) 210-215.
  • Suitable host cells for the expression of (glycosylated) antibodies are also derived from multicellular organisms (invertebrates and vertebrates). Examples of invertebrate cells include plant and insect cells. Numerous baculoviral strains have been identified which may be used in conjunction with insect cells, particularly for transfection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells.
  • Plant cell cultures can also be utilized as hosts. See, e.g., US 5,959,177, US 6,040,498, US 6,420,548, US 7,125,978, and US 6,417,429 (describing PLANTIBODIESTM technology for producing antibodies in transgenic plants).
  • Vertebrate cells may also be used as hosts.
  • mammalian cell lines that are adapted to grow in suspension may be useful.
  • Other examples of useful mammalian host cell lines are monkey kidney CV1 line transformed by SV40 (COS- 7); human embryonic kidney line (293 or 293T cells as described, e.g., in Graham, F.L. et al., J. Gen Virol. 36 (1977) 59-74); baby hamster kidney cells (BHK); mouse Sertoli cells (TM4 cells as described, e.g., in Mather, J.P., Biol. Reprod.
  • monkey kidney cells (CV1); African green monkey kidney cells (VERO- 76); human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa); canine kidney cells (MDCK; buffalo rat liver cells (BRL 3 A); human lung cells (W138); human liver cells (Hep G2); mouse mammary tumor (MMT 060562); TRI cells (as described, e.g., in Mather, J.P. et al., Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 383 (1982) 44-68); MRC 5 cells; and FS4 cells.
  • Other useful mammalian host cell lines include Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, including DHFR- CHO cells (Urlaub, G. et al., Proc. Natl.
  • the host cell is eukaryotic, e.g., a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell or lymphoid cell (e.g., Y0, NS0, Sp20 cell).
  • a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell or lymphoid cell (e.g., Y0, NS0, Sp20 cell).
  • Anti-C3bBb antibodies provided herein may be identified, screened for, or characterized for their physical/chemical properties and/or biological activities by various assays known in the art.
  • an antibody of the invention is tested for its antigen binding activity, e.g., by known methods such as ELISA, Western blot, etc.
  • competition assays may be used to identify an antibody that competes with an antibody of the invention for binding to C3bBb.
  • a competing antibody binds to the same epitope (e.g., a linear or a conformational epitope) that is bound by an antibody of the invention.
  • epitope e.g., a linear or a conformational epitope
  • Detailed exemplary methods for mapping an epitope to which an antibody binds are provided in Morris (1996) “Epitope Mapping Protocols”, in Methods in Molecular Biology vol. 66 (Humana Press, Totowa, NJ).
  • immobilized C3bBb is incubated in a solution comprising a first labeled antibody that binds to C3bBb (e.g., an antibody of the invention) and a second unlabeled antibody that is being tested for its ability to compete with the first antibody for binding to C3bBb.
  • the second antibody may be present in a hybridoma supernatant.
  • immobilized C3bBb is incubated in a solution comprising the first labeled antibody but not the second unlabeled antibody. After incubation under conditions permissive for binding of the first antibody to C3bBb, excess unbound antibody is removed, and the amount of label associated with immobilized C3bBb is measured.
  • assays are provided for identifying anti-C3bBb antibodies thereof having biological activity.
  • Biological activity may include, e.g., inhibition modulating the formation, stability, activity and dissociation of C3 convertase protein complex as well as influencing the interaction with further proteins (e.g. Properdin or Complement Factor I).
  • Antibodies having such biological activity in vivo and/or in vitro are also provided.
  • an antibody of the invention is tested for such biological activity.
  • any of the anti-C3bBb antibodies provided herein is useful for detecting the presence of C3bBb in a biological sample.
  • the term “detecting” as used herein encompasses quantitative or qualitative detection.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody for use in a method of diagnosis or detection is provided.
  • a method of detecting the presence of C3bBb in a biological sample comprises contacting the biological sample with an anti-C3bBb antibody as described herein under conditions permissive for binding of the anti-C3bBb antibody to C3bBb, and detecting whether a complex is formed between the anti-C3bBb antibody and C3bBb.
  • Such a method may be an in vitro or in vivo method.
  • an anti- C3bBb antibody is used to select subjects eligible for therapy with an anti-C3bBb antibody, e.g., where C3bBb is a biomarker for selection of patients.
  • Labels include, but are not limited to, labels or moieties that are detected directly (such as fluorescent, chromophoric, electron-dense, chemiluminescent, and radioactive labels), as well as moieties, such as enzymes or ligands, that are detected indirectly, e.g., through an enzymatic reaction or molecular interaction.
  • Exemplary labels include, but are not limited to, the radioisotopes 32 P, 14 C, 125 I, 3 H, and 131 I, fluorophores such as rare earth chelates or fluorescein and its derivatives, rhodamine and its derivatives, dansyl, umbelliferone, luceriferases, e.g., firefly luciferase and bacterial luciferase (U.S. Patent No.
  • luciferin 2,3- dihydrophthalazinediones
  • horseradish peroxidase HRP
  • alkaline phosphatase P- galactosidase
  • glucoamylase lysozyme
  • saccharide oxidases e.g., glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
  • heterocyclic oxidases such as uricase and xanthine oxidase
  • an enzyme that employs hydrogen peroxide to oxidize a dye precursor such as HRP, lactoperoxidase, or microperoxidase, biotin/avidin, spin labels, bacteriophage labels, stable free radicals, and the like.
  • compositions comprising any of the antibodies provided herein, e.g., for use in any of the below therapeutic methods.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprises any of the antibodies provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprises any of the antibodies provided herein and at least one additional therapeutic agent, e.g., as described below.
  • compositions (formulations) of an anti-C3bBb antibody as described herein can be prepared by combining the antibody with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients known to the skilled person. See, for example Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980), Shire S., Monoclonal Antibodies: Meeting the Challenges in Manufacturing, Formulation, Delivery and Stability of Final Drug Product, 1st Ed., Woodhead Publishing (2015), ⁇ 4 and Falconer R.J., Biotechnology Advances (2019), 37, 107412.
  • Exemplary pharmaceutical compositions of an anti-C3bBb antibody as described herein are lyophilized, aqueous, frozen, etc.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are generally nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include, but are not limited to: buffers such as histidine, phosphate, citrate, acetate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride; benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m-cresol); low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparag
  • the pharmaceutical composition herein may also contain more than one active ingredients as necessary for the particular indication being treated, preferably those with complementary activities that do not adversely affect each other.
  • active ingredients are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended.
  • compositions to be used for in vivo administration are generally sterile. Sterility may be readily accomplished, e.g., by filtration through sterile filtration membranes.
  • anti-C3bBb antibodies Any of the anti-C3bBb antibodies provided herein may be used in therapeutic methods.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody for use as a medicament is provided.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody for use in treating an ocular disease is provided.
  • the ocular disease is selected from AMD (in one embodiment wet AMD, dry AMD, intermediate AMD, advanced AMD, and geographic atrophy (GA), macular degeneration, macular edema, DME (in one embodiment focal, non-center DME and diffuse, center-involved DME), retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy (DR) (in one embodiment proliferative DR (PDR), non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and high-altitude DR), other ischemia-related retinopathies, ROP, retinal vein occlusion (RVO) (in one embodiment central (CRVO) and branched (BRVO) forms), CNV (in one embodiment myopic CNV), corneal neovascularization, diseases associated with corneal neovascularization, retinal neovascularization,
  • the ocular disease is selected from AMD (in one embodiment wet AMD, dry AMD, intermediate AMD, advanced AMD, and geographic atrophy (GA)), macular degeneration, macular edema, DME (in one embodiment focal, non-center DME and diffuse, center-involved DME), retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy (DR) (in one embodiment proliferative DR (PDR), non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and high-altitude DR.
  • AMD in one embodiment wet AMD, dry AMD, intermediate AMD, advanced AMD, and geographic atrophy (GA)
  • macular degeneration in one embodiment focal, non-center DME and diffuse, center-involved DME
  • DR diabetic retinopathy
  • PDR proliferative DR
  • NPDR non-proliferative DR
  • high-altitude DR in one embodiment the ocular disease is from AMD, in one embodiment wet AMD.
  • an anti-C3bBb antibody for use in a method of treatment is provided.
  • the invention provides an anti-C3bBb antibody for use in a method of treating an individual having an ocular disease comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the anti-C3bBb antibody.
  • the method further comprises administering to the individual an effective amount of at least one additional therapeutic agent (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, or six additional therapeutic agents), e.g., as described below.
  • the invention provides for the use of an anti-C3bBb antibody in the manufacture or preparation of a medicament.
  • the medicament is for treatment of an ocular disease.
  • the medicament is for use in a method of treating an ocular disease comprising administering to an individual having an ocular disease an effective amount of the medicament.
  • the method further comprises administering to the individual an effective amount of at least one additional therapeutic agent, e.g., as described below.
  • An “individual” according to any of the above aspects may be a human.
  • the invention provides a method for treating an ocular disease.
  • the method comprises administering to an individual having such ocular disease an effective amount of an anti-C3bBb antibody.
  • the method further comprises administering to the individual an effective amount of at least one additional therapeutic agent, as described below.
  • An “individual” according to any of the above aspects may be a human.
  • the invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising any of the anti-C3bBb antibodies provided herein, e.g., for use in any of the above therapeutic methods.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprises any of the anti-C3bBb antibodies provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprises any of the anti-C3bBb antibodies provided herein and at least one additional therapeutic agent, e.g., as described below.
  • Antibodies of the invention can be administered alone or used in a combination therapy.
  • the combination therapy includes administering an antibody of the invention and administering at least one additional therapeutic agent (e.g. one, two, three, four, five, or six additional therapeutic agents).
  • the combination therapy comprises administering an antibody of the invention and administering at least one additional therapeutic agent, such as a VEGF-antagoni st.
  • Any suitable AMD therapeutic agent can be administered as an additional therapeutic agent in combination with an antibody that binds to human C3bBb as provided herein for treatment of an ocular disorder (e.g., AMD, DME, DR, RVO, or GA), including, but not limited to, a VEGF antagonist, for example, an anti-VEGF antibody (e.g., LUCENTIS® (ranibizumab), RTH-258 (formerly ESBA-1008, an anti-VEGF single-chain antibody fragment; Novartis), or a bispecific anti-VEGF antibody (e.g., an anti-VEGF/anti-angiopoeitin 2 bispecific antibody such as faricimab or zifibancimig; Roche)), a soluble VEGF receptor fusion protein (e.g., EYLEA® (aflibercept)), an anti-VEGF DARPin® (e.g., abicipar pegol; Molecular Partners AG/Allergan), or an anti-VEGF aptamer (
  • MACUGEN® pegaptanib sodium
  • a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) antagonist for example, an anti- PDGF antibody, an anti-PDGFR antibody (e.g., REGN2176-3), an anti-PDGF-BB pegylated aptamer (e.g., FOVISTA®; Ophthotech/Novartis), a soluble PDGFR receptor fusion protein, or a dual PDGF/VEGF antagonist (e.g., a small molecule inhibitor (e.g., DE-120 (Santen) or X-82 (TyrogeneX)) or a bispecific anti- PDGF/anti-VEGF antibody)); VISUDYNE® (verteporfm) in combination with photodynamic therapy; an antioxidant; a complement system antagonist, for example, a complement factor C5 antagonist (e.g., a small molecule inhitor (e.g., ARC-1905; Opthotech) or an anti-C5 antibody (e.
  • a C3 blocking peptide e.g., APL-2, Appellis
  • a visual cycle modifier e.g., emixustat hydrochloride
  • squalamine e.g., OHR-102; Ohr Pharmaceutical
  • vitamin and mineral supplements e.g., those described in the Age- Related Eye Disease Study 1 (AREDS1; zinc and/or antioxidants) and Study 2 (AREDS2; zinc, antioxidants, lutein, zeaxanthin, and/or omega-3 fatty acids
  • AREDS1 Age- Related Eye Disease Study 1
  • AREDS2 Study 2
  • AREDS2 zinc, antioxidants, lutein, zeaxanthin, and/or omega-3 fatty acids
  • a cellbased therapy for example, NT-501 (Renexus); PH-05206388 (Pfizer), huCNS-SC cell transplantation (StemCells), CNTO-2476 (umbilical cord stem cell line; Janssen), OpRegen (suspen
  • a peptide vaccine e.g., S-646240; Shionogi
  • an amyloid beta antagonist e.g., an anti-beta amyloid monoclonal antibody, e.g., GSK-933776
  • an SIP antagonist e.g., an anti-SIP antibody, e.g., iSONEPTM; Lpath Inc
  • a ROBO4 antagonist e.g., an anti-ROBO4 antibody, e.g., DS-7080a; Daiichi Sankyo
  • a lentiviral vector expressing endostatin and angiostatin e.g., RetinoStat
  • AMD therapeutic agents can be co-formulated.
  • the anti- PDGFR antibody REGN2176-3 can be co-formulated with aflibercept (EYLEA®).
  • EYLEA® aflibercept
  • such a co-formulation can be administered in combination with an antibody that binds to human C3bBb of the invention.
  • the ocular disorder is AMD (e.g., wet AMD).
  • any suitable DME and/or DR therapeutic agent can be administered in combination with an antibody that binds to human C3bBb of the invention for treatment of an ocular disorder (e.g., AMD, DME, DR, RVO, or GA), including, but not limited, to a VEGF antagonist (e.g., LUCENTIS® or EYLEA®), a corticosteroid (e.g., a corticosteroid implant (e.g., OZURDEX® (dexamethasone intravitreal implant) or ILUVIEN® (fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant)) or a corticosteroid formulated for administration by intravitreal injection (e.g., triamcinolone acetonide)), or combinations thereof.
  • the ocular disorder is DME and/or DR.
  • An antibody that binds to human C3bBb as provided herein may be administered in combination with a therapy or surgical procedure for treatment of an ocular disorder (e.g., AMD, DME, DR, RVO, or GA), including, for example, laser photocoagulation (e.g., panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)), drusen lasering, macular hole surgery, macular translocation surgery, implantable miniature telescopes, PHI-motion angiography (also known as micro-laser therapy and feeder vessel treatment), proton beam therapy, microstimulation therapy, retinal detachment and vitreous surgery, scleral buckle, submacular surgery, transpupillary thermotherapy, photosystem I therapy, use of RNA interference (RNAi), extracorporeal rheopheresis (also known as membrane differential filtration and rheotherapy), microchip implantation, stem cell therapy, gene replacement therapy, ribozyme gene therapy (including gene therapy for hypoxia response element, Oxford Biomedica; Lentipak,
  • combination therapies noted above encompass combined administration (where two or more therapeutic agents are included in the same or separate formulations), and separate administration, in which case, administration of the antibody that binds to human C3bBb of the invention can occur prior to, simultaneously, and/or following, administration of the additional therapeutic agent or agents.
  • administration of the antibody that binds to human C3bBb of the invention and administration of an additional therapeutic agent occur within about one, two, three, four, or five months, or within about one, two or three weeks, or within about one, two, three, four, five, or six days, of each other.
  • An antibody of the invention can be administered by any suitable means, including parenteral, intrapulmonary, and intranasal, and, if desired for local treatment, intralesional administration.
  • Parenteral infusions include intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration. Dosing can be by any suitable route, e.g., by injections, such as intravenous or subcutaneous injections, depending in part on whether the administration is brief or chronic.
  • Various dosing schedules including but not limited to single or multiple administrations over various time-points, bolus administration, and pulse infusion are contemplated herein.
  • Antibodies of the invention would be formulated, dosed, and administered in a fashion consistent with good medical practice. Factors for consideration in this context include the particular disorder being treated, the particular mammal being treated, the clinical condition of the individual patient, the cause of the disorder, the site of delivery of the agent, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to medical practitioners.
  • the antibody need not be, but is optionally formulated with one or more agents currently used to prevent or treat the disorder in question. The effective amount of such other agents depends on the amount of antibody present in the pharmaceutical composition, the type of disorder or treatment, and other factors discussed above. These are generally used in the same dosages and with administration routes as described herein, or about from 1 to 99% of the dosages described herein, or in any dosage and by any route that is empirically/clinically determined to be appropriate.
  • an antibody of the invention when used alone or in combination with one or more other additional therapeutic agents, will depend on the type of disease to be treated, the type of antibody, the severity and course of the disease, whether the antibody is administered for preventive or therapeutic purposes, previous therapy, the patient's clinical history and response to the antibody, and the discretion of the attending physician.
  • the antibody is suitably administered to the patient at one time or over a series of treatments. For repeated administrations over several days or longer, depending on the condition, the treatment would generally be sustained until a desired suppression of disease symptoms occurs. The progress of this therapy is easily monitored by conventional techniques and assays. 3. Specific embodiments of the invention
  • C3bBb which comprises the Bb subunit of factor B (FB) according to SEQ ID NO:491;
  • C3bBb which comprises the Bb subunit of factor B (FB) according to SEQ ID NO:492;
  • C3bBb which comprises the Bb subunit of factor B (FB) according to SEQ ID NO:493;
  • C3bBb which comprises the Bb subunit of a recombinant Factor B (FB) protein, which comprises a D279G mutation and optionally mutations K350N and/or a M458I; inhibits the alternative pathway; and/or is an agonist or antagonist of C3bBb activity; and/or specifically binds to cynomolgus C3bBb and human C3bBb, and/or specifically binds to African green monkey C3bBb and human C3bBb, and/or
  • FB recombinant Factor B
  • C3b subunit Arg444, Lys534, Gly539, Ser540, Val524, Lys544, Gly546, Gln547, Ser548, Arg551, Gln557, Gln558, Thr560, Lys562, Glu564, Glu758, Pro759, Lys761, Asn762, Ile764, Leu768, Asn770, Asp797, and
  • An antibody that binds to the same or an overlapping epitope as an antibody having a VH domain of SEQ ID NO: 39 and a VL domain of SEQ ID NO: 40 (P1AF8499).
  • the antibody of one of the preceding embodiments comprising a set of six CDRs, in one embodiment a set of a VH and a VL domain, as an antibody selected from antibody #1 to antibody #217 from Table DI.
  • the antibody of one of the preceding embodiments comprising a set of six CDRs, in one embodiment a set of a VH and a VL domain, as an antibody selected from antibody #1 to antibody #122 from Table DI.
  • the antibody of one of the preceding embodiments comprising a set of six CDRs, in one embodiment a set of a VH and a VL domain, as an antibody selected from antibody #1 to antibody #7 from Table DI.
  • the antibody of one of the preceding embodiments comprising i) a heavy chain variable domain (VH) (a) CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:449; (b) CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:450; and (c) CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:451, and a light chain variable domain (VL) comprising (d) CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:452; (e) CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:453; and (f) CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:454 (corresponding to antibody #1, P1AG9426); ii) a heavy chain variable domain (
  • the antibody of one of the preceding embodiments comprising i) a VH domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 1 and a VL domain comprising SEQ ID NO:2 (corresponding to antibody #1, Pl AG9426); ii) a VH domain comprising SEQ ID NO:3 and a VL domain comprising SEQ ID NO:4 (corresponding to antibody #2, Pl AG9376); iii) a VH domain comprising SEQ ID NO:5 and a VL domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 6 (corresponding to antibody #3, Pl AG9372); iv) a VH domain comprising SEQ ID NO:7 and a VL domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 8 (corresponding to antibody #4, Pl AG9420); v) a VH domain comprising SEQ ID NOV and a VL domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 10 (corresponding to antibody #5, P1AG9391); vi) a VH domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 11 and a VL domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 12 (corresponding
  • the antibody of any of the preceding embodiments comprising a heavy chain of SEQ ID NO:445 and a light chain of SEQ ID NO:446.
  • the antibody of any of the preceding embodiments comprising a heavy chain of SEQ ID NO:447 and a light chain of SEQ ID NO:447.
  • the antibody of any one of the preceding embodiments which is a human antibody.
  • the antibody of any of the preceding embodiments which is an antibody fragment that binds human C3bBb.
  • a host cell comprising the nucleic acid of embodiment 42.
  • a method of producing an antibody that binds to human C3bBb comprising culturing the host cell of embodiment 42 under conditions suitable for the expression of the antibody.
  • a method of treating an individual having an ocular disease comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the antibody of any one of embodiments 1 to 40 or the pharmaceutical composition of any of embodiments 46 to 47.
  • Wild-type C3bBb is a rapidly decaying complex unsuitable for antibody discovery purposes.
  • FB factor B
  • Unmutated FB is indicated in SEQ ID NO: 491
  • FB with a D279G mutation is indicated in SEQ ID NO: 492
  • FB with D279G, K350N and M458I mutations is indicated in SEQ ID NO: 493.
  • Numbering of the mutations is based on the amino acid sequence of human Factor B with signal peptide (SEQ ID NO: 504). Assembly and decay of the different described C3bBb variants was assessed by Bio Layer Interferometry (BLI) analysis on a sensor coated with C3b.
  • C3b was biotinylated at cysteine 1010 by incubating plasma purified C3b (Complement Technology) overnight at 4°C in presence of 5 molar excess Mai eimide-PEG3 -biotin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) followed by purification on a Zeba spin column 40K (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
  • This material was used to load streptavidin functionalized BLI sensors (SA sensors; Fortebio) in an Octet RED 384 device (Fortebio) at high density (5nm BLI signal).
  • C3bBb was assembled by exposing the C3b loaded sensors to different recombinant factor B variants (i.e. unmutated SEQ ID NO: 491; D279G variant of SEQ ID NO: 492; D279G K350N M458I triple variant of SEQ ID NO: 493) in presence of 54 nM plasma purified factor D (Complement Technology) in HBS-T(Mg) buffer (150mM NaCl, lOmM HEPES, ImM MgCh, 0.005% Tween20. pH 7.4) at 22°C. After allowing the convertase to reach equilibrium for 12 minutes, sensors were transferred to 200 pl HBS-T(Mg) buffer initiating dissociation of the assembled C3bBb. Convertase decay was followed for three hours.
  • HBS-T(Mg) buffer 150mM NaCl, lOmM HEPES, ImM MgCh, 0.005% Tween20. pH 7.4
  • Table El tl/2 of C3bBb complex formed using different Bb proteins as measured by BLI While wild type C3bBb complex formed in the presence of magnesium ions had a half-life of less than five minutes, stabilization by mutations within the Bb subunit of FB and further stabilizing C3bBb by formation in presence of Ni 2+ ions results in a half life of up to 11 hours and 15 minutes (equaling 675 minutes, which equals a more than 135-fold increase in C3bBb half-life).
  • C3b was biotinylated at cysteine 1010 by incubating plasma purified C3b (Complement Technology) 2 h at room temperature in presence of 0.4 mM EZ-Link HPDP -Biotin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) followed by purification on a NAP-10 Column (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
  • the biotinylated C3b was mixed in a molar ratio of 1 : 1 with hu Factor B (i.e. unmutated SEQ ID NO: 491; D279G variant of SEQ ID NO: 492; D279G K350N M458I triple variant of SEQ ID NO: 493) additional added NiSO4 to a final concentration of 5 mM.
  • Antibodies specifically binding to the stabilized C3bBb complex were screened as follows:
  • phage library panning was performed in 4 rounds, wherein the first round was performed with 800 nM of biotinylated C3bBb triple mutant-HPDP (wherein the C3bBb was formed in the presence of nickel ions using FB of SEQ ID NO: 493) pre-immobilized on Dynabeads M-280 Streptavidin (Thermofisher catalog number 11206D).
  • Panning rounds 2-4 were performed with 150 nM of biotinylated target in solution, followed by capture of Fab-on-phage/target complexes on SpeedBead Magnetic Neutravidin Coated Particles (Cytiva, catalog number 78152104010350, round 2 and 4) or Dynabeads M-280 Streptavidin (round 3).
  • the phage/target/bead complex were washed 2x with HBS-NT + NiSC (0,01M HEPES pH7.4; 0,15M NaCl; Cytiva catalog BR- 1006-70 supplemented with 0.1% Tween-20 and ImM NiSO4) and lx with HBS-N + NiSCh (0,01M HEPES pH7.4; 0,15M NaCl; Cytiva catalog BR-1006-70 supplemented with ImM NiSCh).
  • the phage/target/bead complex was washed 5x with HBS-NT + NiSCh and 2x with lx HBS-N + NiSCN.
  • Captured phage clones bearing target-specific Fabs were eluted from the M-280 beads using lOOmM DTT, used for infection of log-phase TGI E. coli cells, and rescued using M13 K07 helper phage, according to standard protocols.
  • a polyclonal plasmid miniprep of the respective selection round was prepared from the infected TGI E. coli cells. Plasmids were reformatted to produce soluble Fab in E. coli supernatents with a T7 tag at the C -terminus of the Fab CHI domain. The ligated polyclonal plasmids encoding T7- tagged Fabs were transformed into TGI E. coli cells (Zymo Research catalog number T3017), and single colonies were picked into microtiter plates. Soluble Fabs were expressed in microtiter plates and supernatants were clarified by centrifugation.
  • C3bBb triple mutant Elisa Binding of the antibodies to C3bBb was analyzed by different ELISA assays to analyze binding towards C3bBb formed from Factor B with three mutations D279G, K350N and M458I (herein referred to as “C3bBb triple mutant Elisa”) as well as controls assessing binding to different related components of the complement system, i.e. C3, C3a, C3b and Factor B, Ba, Bb. Briefly, the following protocols were used:
  • 50 mM Hepes pH 7,4 with 150 mM NaCl was used as coating buffer.
  • 2% BSA in 50 mM Hepes pH 7,4 containing 150 mM NaCl, 0,5% BSA and 0,1% Tween20 was used as blocking buffer.
  • 50 mM Hepes pH 7,4 containing 150 mM NaCl, 0,5% BSA and 0,1% Tween20 was used as diluent for the ELISA.
  • PBS containing 0,1% Tween20 was used as a washing buffer.
  • a clear 384 well Nunc MaxiSorp Plate (Nunc, 464718) was coated with 25 pl of a mixture of 5 nM human C3 (Complement technology, Al 13), 5 nM human C3a (Complement technology, Al 18) and 2,5 nM human C3b (Complement technology, Al 14) in coating buffer and incubated at room temperature for 1 hour.
  • 90 pl blocking buffer was added and incubated for 30 Minutes at room temperature.
  • Buffer 50 mM Hepes pH 7,4 with 150 mM NaCl was used as coating buffer. 2% BSA in 50 mM Hepes pH 7,4 containing 150 mM NaCl, 0,5% BSA and 0,1% Tween20 was used as blocking buffer. 50 mM Hepes pH 7,4 containing 150 mM NaCl, 0,5% BSA and 0,1% Tween20 was used as diluent for the ELISA. PBS containing 0,1% Tween20 was used as a washing buffer.
  • a clear 384 well Nunc MaxiSorp Plate (Nunc, 464718) was coated with 25 pl of a mixture of 10 nM human Factor B (Complement technology, A135), 5 nM human Ba (Complement technology, Al 54) and 10 nM human Bb (Complement technology, Al 55) in coating buffer and incubated at room temperature for 1 hour. After a single wash with 90 pl/well washing buffer on a EL406 Biotek washer, 90 pl blocking buffer was added and incubated for 30 Minutes at room temperature. After washing plates 3 times with 90 pl/well washing buffer on a EL406 Biotek washer 25 pl Sample was added to the plate and incubated at room temperature for 1 hour.
  • a variety of antibody molecules that showed activity in binding to C3bBb were identified from panning and screening as described in Example 2 and optionally, further engineering of the so-derived antibody molecules was conducted.
  • Table E2 includes an overview over VH and VL amino acid sequences.
  • Table E2 amino acid sequences of antibodies identified in Example 2.
  • candidate P1AF8499 (#20 in Table E2, comprising VH SEQ ID NO: 39 and VL SEQ ID NO: 40) was selected based on its selectivity, convertase inhibition and impact on convertase stability profile for further optimization.
  • Candidates with improved properties compared to the parental molecule were selected and heavy and light chains of individual molecules were combined into single molecules in a combinatorial manner.
  • Improved versions of the parental antibody candidate are antibodies #l-#7 as well as antibodies #23 to #217 as indicated in Table E2 further below.
  • Binding of the antibodies to human C3bBb was analyzed by different ELISA assays, as described in Example 2 to analyze binding towards human C3bBb formed from Factor B with three mutations D279G, K350N and M458I (herein referred to as “C3bBb triple mutant ELISA”) as well as controls assessing binding to different related components of the complement system, i.e. C3, C3a, C3b and Factor B, Ba, Bb. Results of the different ELISA assays for the antibodies as defined in Table E2 are shown in Table E3.
  • Table E3 Antigen binding of C3bBb complex of antibodies identified in Table E2 using C3bBb triple mutant ELISA Seven candidate antibodies were generated and further characterized with respect to their potential for therapeutic application, five antibodies were generated as a full length IgGl (Mab) and two antibodies were generated as Fab fragments (see Table E4)
  • Table E4 amino acid sequences of clinical candidate antibodies identified in Example 2.
  • Trimeric complex formed by C3bBb and a Fab fragment of the invention analyzed by cryo electron microscopy
  • a trimeric complex of parental antibody P1AF8499 (#20) with the C3bBb complex was analyzed by electron microscopy. Briefly, the following protocol was adhered to: Cryo-EM grid preparation. Purified recombinant complex of human C3bBb triple mutant + Fab P1AF8499 in 20 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM NiSO4, pH 7.4 were frozen in liquid nitrogen (0.15 mg/ml, 0.7 pM). After thawing, 3 pl were applied to freshly glow-discharged Quantifoil Rl.2/1.3 400-mesh copper grids (Plano). Grids were blotted (Whatman filter paper, Grade 1) for 4 s at 20 °C under 95% chamber humidity and plunge frozen in liquid ethane using a EM GP2 plunge freezer (Leica).
  • Cryo-EM data processing image stacks were processed using cryoSPARC v3.3 (Structure Biotechnology). Frame motion was corrected and contrast-transfer function (CTF) parameters were fit from movies using the 25-4 A band of the spectrum. Images with CTF fits to 4.5 A or better were selected for particle picking using a spherical blob picker with maximum and characteristic diameters of 100 and 200 A, respectively. Three rounds of 2D classification with 150 classes and a box size of 384 pixels were performed to sort C3bBb- Pl AF8499 protein particles from debris and other false positives. The remaining particles were subjected to ab initio reconstruction and homogenous refinement to obtain a preliminary 3D reconstruction, which was used to create low-pass filtered templates for another round of particle picking.
  • CTF contrast-transfer function
  • Model building The structure of C3bBb (PDB 2WIN) was deconstructed into four separate models (TED-CUB, B2-MG, C345C and cleaved factor B). These models were fitted as rigid bodies into the cryo-EM map. After modelling Pl AF8499 and performing manual adjustments mostly pertaining to P1AF8499 CDRs, a single round of real space refinement using the phenix. real space refinement tool with tight secondary structure restraints (TCI) was used to correct global structural differences between the initial model and the map. The model was further manually adjusted in Coot (TC2) through iterative rounds of model building and real space refinement. Phenix. mtri age was used to compute model vs map FSC curves that are consistent with our resolution estimate from the half-map FSC measurement.
  • Results are shown in Figure 1.
  • the left image shows the trimeric complex formed between P1AF8499 Fab fragment and C3bBb.
  • the epitope bound by P1AF8499 comprises amino acids from both components, C3b and Bb ( Figure 1, right image). Hence, crossreactivity with individual subunits of C3bBb should be minimal or even excluded.
  • the following epitope bound by Pl AF8499 Fab fragment was identified by defining interaction of amino acid residues within 5 A of P1AF8499:
  • Antigen binding of the antibodies of Example 3 to C3bBb from different species was assessed by SPR, using the following setup:
  • a Biacore T200 system was primed with lx HBS-P+ buffer (10 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl and 0.05% v/v Surfactant P20), prepared from a lOx stock (Cytiva BR100671).
  • a CAP chip (part of the Biotin CAPture KIT - Cytiva 28920233) was docked to the system and equilibrated overnight.
  • FCs Flow cells 1 and 2 were used as active FCs.
  • the sample compartment temperature was set to 12 °C, while the analysis temperature was defined to 25°C and 37°C, respectively, dependent on the assay step.
  • Each analysis cycle started with an injection of the undiluted CAP reagent (part of the Biotin CAPture KIT - Cytiva 28920233) for 300 s at 5 pl/min passing over both FCs.
  • Biotinylated-C3b was injected to FC 1 and 2 at 9 nM and 10 pl/min for 30 s (IgG analysis) and 60 s (Fab analysis), respectively. The injection was done separately on each FC to obtain comparable levels on both FCs. D-biotin (Invitrogen B20656) was injected at 50 pM and 10 pl/min for 60 s to both FCs, to block the remaining biotin binding sites. The FB triple mutant was injected to FC 2 at 100 nM and 5 pl/min for 300s to build the intermediate C3bB on FC2. Subsequently, FD was injected to FC 2 at 100 nM and 5 pl/min for 300s to build the C3bBb complex.
  • the sample injection for a single cycle kinetic was started.
  • the sample was injected for 60 s at 30 pl/min to both FCs with five increasing concentrations of a 3-fold dilution series.
  • the final dissociation time was set to 1200 s at 30 pl/min, due to the highly stable interaction.
  • the standard CAP chip regeneration 8 M Gua-NaOH, was injected for 120s to both FCs.
  • running buffer was injected for 60 s at 30 pl/min to both FCs with a final stabilization period of 60 s.
  • Table E6 human C3bBb binding of clinical candidate antibodies of Example 3.
  • Concentrations and injection times of the three components were changed as following: Injection of biotinylated cyno C3b at 60 nM and 10 pl/min for 180 s (IgG analysis) and 300 s (Fab analysis), respectively; Injection of cyno FB triple mutant at 400 nM and 5pl/min for 400 s; Injection of cyno FD at 600 nM and 5 pl/min for 400 s. Each concentration of the analytes was injected for 75 s and the dissociation time was shortened to 300 s. All remaining parameters remained as described for the measurement on the human C3bBb complex.
  • binders are specific for the C3bBb complex
  • Biacore also confirmed in ELISA and BLI
  • Proteins tested were: C3b (component of the complex), C3 (precursor of C3b), C3d, iC3b, C3a (breakdown products of C3b), as well as Bb (component of the complex), FB (precursor of Bb) and Ba (breakdown product of FB).
  • the off-target SPR assay was set up as described below.
  • a Biacore T200 system was equipped with a CM5 chip and primed with lx HBS-N (10 mM HEPES, 150 mMNaCl), prepared from a lOx stock solution (Cytiva BR100670).
  • An anti-human Fab antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific 7103082100) was immobilized to all flow cells (FC1-4) in an amine coupling with default settings and a capture antibody injection time of 420 s at 10 pl/min and 30 pg/ml in 10 mM Acetate pH 5.
  • the system was primed with HBS-P + 1 mM NiSCh. After at least three initial conditioning cycles with capturing and regeneration, three antibodies were captured each cycle on FC 2, 3 and 4, respectively, at 10 pg/ml for 20 s.
  • the off-target was injected at 200 nM for 60 s and the dissociation was followed for 60 s at a flow rate of 10 pl/min.
  • Each cycle finished with a regeneration using 10 mM Glycine pH 2.1 for 70 s at 30 pl/min and a final stabilization time of 120 s.
  • the different off-target injection cycles were bracketed by buffer injection cycles for double referencing purposes.
  • binding [%] or stability [%] (double ref. binding or stability [RU] /capture level [RU])*(capture molecule [MW]/analyte [MW])* 100
  • Results are shown in Table E8, which reports response levels directly after binding and after reaching stability (calculated as theoretical Rmax in %).
  • Thermal stability of antibodies of Example 3 was assessed by exposing the antibody to increasing temperature in a controlled gradient and structural unfolding (T m by intrinsic fluorescence) and/or aggregation propensity (T 188 by SLS) are determined.
  • FcRn affinity was assessed as follows: Interaction with immobilized FcRn was measured via SPR as no specific interaction is expected: biotinylated scFcRn was immobilized to a Series S Sensor Chip SA (500-600 RU). The antibodies were injected at 10 pl/min for 60 s at 5 nM. The dissociation was followed for 90 s. The run was performed at 25°C in PBS-P pH 6 and the surface was regenerated using PBS-P pH 8 for 60s at 30 pl/min. The sensorgrams of the double referenced signals were compared to FcRn binding competent (Herceptin, wt FC part) and incompetent (Faricimab, Triple AFC part) controls.
  • the positive control was diluted in a two fold dilution series down to 3.125 % of 5 nM.
  • the results were double referenced (control flow cell and buffer cycle) using the Biacore T200 Evaluation Software 3.0.
  • the binding response (RU) of the positive control at different concentrations was used to create a standard curve.
  • the remaining binding % (derived from the binding RUs) of all candidates at 100 % concentration (5 nM) were calculated. All candidates indicated very low ( ⁇ 1 or 5 %) FcRn surface interaction compared to the positive control.
  • the negative control (Faricimab 3A) showed similar signals as P1AH1205 and Pl AHI 199.
  • Heparin affinity chromatography was done on specific HPLC affinity columns. The corresponding retention times are compared to established thresholds based on known molecules with good and bad PK.
  • Quality of antibody integrity was measured monitoring high molecular weight species with retention times shorter than the main species. This was done by using a size exclusion HPLC setup with UV A280 nm detection. Obtained peaks were integrated using a custom baseline and calculating the area under the curve. Relative areas to the total curve integral are displayed. Conditions for this chromatography were selected based on molecule size and the manufacturer's recommendation for protein analysis. Fragmentation of molecules is assessed using reduced and untreated capillary gel electrophoresis with intrinsic protein fluorescence detection. The low molecular weight species with shorter migration times than the main species are monitored and peak areas under the curve are integrated. Relative areas to the total curve integral are displayed.
  • Functional integrity of the molecules is assessed with a binding assay specific for the target of the molecule (as described in example 5). Relative active concentrations were determined in cases of thermally stressed material. Putative asparagine and aspartic acid degradation hotspots are experimentally confirmed or excluded by tryptic Peptide Mapping MS analysis. Integration of the peak area of extracted ion chromatograms (XIC) was performed for wildtype and modified peptides. The ratio of modified peptides XIC areas relative to the wildtype XIC areas were taken into account when evaluating a potential modification site in the predicted complementarity determining regions.
  • XIC extracted ion chromatograms
  • Viscosity was assessed at different concentrations of the molecules of interest in a salt free generic buffer system. This is done by co incubating the molecule of interest at different concentrations with beads and detection by dynamic light scattering. The maximum feasible concentration is defined by a viscosity limit relevant for the target product profile and determined by fitting the available data to an appropriate model and applying the relevant threshold.
  • Stability of antibodies of Example 3 under different stress conditions was assessed as follows: molecules were stored in solution in polypropylene vials with screw caps under conditions mimicking both physiological (phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4) and shelf life indicating conditions (Histidine/HCl, sodium chloride buffer pH 6.0). The molecule solutions were stored for prolonged periods of time at relevant temperatures (physiological: 37 °C and elevated stressed conditions: 40 °C). Subsequent analysis focuses on changes observed in the stored samples compared to an untreated control.
  • Wieslab assay Potency of antibodies of Example 3 was assessed by the Wieslab Complement system Alternative pathway (AP) kit.
  • This kit is an enzyme immunoassay for the determination of functional alternative complement pathway in human serum. It combines principles of a hemolytic assay for complement activation with the use of specific antibodies to detect the generated neoantigen, which is proportional to the functional activity of the complement pathway.
  • 2-fold dilution series of the antibody candidates and control compounds Pegcetacoplan (APL-2, a C3-inhibitor, Eur J Clin Invest. 2015 April ; 45(4): 423-440.
  • Hemolysis assay In another experiment, the potency of the antibodies was assessed via an alternative pathway hemolysis assay.
  • 2-fold dilution series of the antibody candidates and control compounds APL-2 (C3 -inhibitor) and LNP023 (FB-inhibitor) were provided in Histidine-buffer. Samples were prepared at 4°C or kept on ice so that the complement cascade would not start. Washed Rabbit Erythrocytes (RBC) were added to a V-shaped 96-well plate together with the dilution series of antibodies in a buffer appropriate for the alternative pathway. Normal human serum was added at a final assay concentration of 6.7% Complement activation was started by incubating the plates at 37°C.
  • the potency of the antibodies was assessed via a BLI based C3b deposition assay.
  • BLI based C3b deposition assay The activated carbonyl group created upon C3 cleavage by the C3 convertase reacts and forms covalent adducts with nucleophiles in close proximity to the enzyme. We utilized this property to measure convertase activity by quantifying the C3b mass deposited on a BLI sensor loaded with C3bBb and exposed to C3.
  • biotinylated C3b was loaded with low density on a streptavidin functionalized SAX BLI sensor (Sartorius) in an Octet red 384 device, reaching a signal of 1 nm.
  • the convertase was assembled by exposing it to 270 nM plasma purified factor B and 27nM plasma purified factor D in HB S-T buffer (150mM NaCl, lOmM HEPES, ImM MgCL, 0.005% Tween20, pH 7.4 ) at 30°C for 5 min, at which time a dynamic equilibrium between convertase assembly and dissociation was reached.
  • AGM African Green Monkey
  • normal human serum was added at a final assay concentration varying between 4.2% and 6.7% depending on the individual animal. These concentrations were determined in a previous experiment as well with the incubation time and temperature to have the appropriate level of hemolysis. The biggest difference to the ‘regular’ hemolysis assay was that the plates were incubated at RT and the activation was stopped after 20 min and the plates were further processed as described above.
  • biotinylated C3b was loaded at low density on a streptavidin functionalized SAX BLI sensor on an Octet red384 device (Sartorius), reaching a signal of 1.5 nm.
  • the convertase was assembled by exposing the sensor to 270 nM plasma buffer (150mM NaCl, lOmM HEPES, ImM MgCL, 0.005% Tween20. pH 7.4 )) at 30°C for 5 min, at which time a dynamic equilibrium between convertase assembly and dissociation was reached.
  • the convertase loaded sensors were then exposed to 500 nM test items in continued presence of FB and FD for 10 min allowing the inhibitor to reach binding equilibrium with the convertase.
  • Antibodies of the invention are selective inhibitors of the alternative pathway and do not inhibit the classical pathway and lectin pathway
  • LNP023, a Factor B-inhibitor does not inhibit the classical pathway. It is specific for the alternative pathway only.
  • a Biacore T200 system was equipped with a CM5 chip and primed with lx HBS-N (10 mM HEPES, 150 mMNaCl), prepared from a lOx stock solution (Cytiva BR100670).
  • An anti-human Fab antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific 7103082100) was immobilized to all flow cells (FC1-4) in an amine coupling with default settings and a capture antibody injection time of 420 s at 10 pl/min and 30 pg/ml in 10 mM Acetate pH 5.
  • the following method was run in HBS-P + 1 mM NiSCH If not stated differently, the samples were diluted in the running buffer.
  • the antibody was captured for 60 s at 10 pl/min (diluted in HBS-N).
  • the prebuilt C3bBb wt complex was injected for 120 s at 10 pl/min with 600 s dissociation.
  • the complex was prebuilt by incubating 300 nM human C3b, 310 nM human wt Factor B and 40 nM human Factor D for 5 min at RT.
  • the surface was regenerated by injecting 10 mM Glycine pH 2.1 for 60 s at 30 pl/min.
  • the data were analyzed by double- referencing the signals on FC2 to FC1 and a buffer cycle, injecting running buffer instead of C3bBb wt complex.
  • Hemolysis assay The standard hemolysis assay was modified in order to assess the inhibitory potential of the antibodies specifically at the level of the alternative pathway C5-convertase. Samples were prepared at 4°C or kept on ice so that the complement cascade would not start. Washed Rabbit Erythrocytes (RBC) were added to a V-shaped 96-well plate in a low salt (60 mM NaCl) buffer appropriate for the alternative pathway, but containing also 200 nM C5-inhibitor (Crovalimab) to prevent MAC formation.
  • RBC Washed Rabbit Erythrocytes

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des anticorps anti-C3bBb et leurs procédés d'utilisation.
PCT/EP2024/076826 2023-09-25 2024-09-25 Anticorps se liant à c3bbb Pending WO2025068207A1 (fr)

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