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WO2025064380A1 - Procédés et dispositifs chimiques pour la séparation de couches intermédiaires multicouches - Google Patents

Procédés et dispositifs chimiques pour la séparation de couches intermédiaires multicouches Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025064380A1
WO2025064380A1 PCT/US2024/047010 US2024047010W WO2025064380A1 WO 2025064380 A1 WO2025064380 A1 WO 2025064380A1 US 2024047010 W US2024047010 W US 2024047010W WO 2025064380 A1 WO2025064380 A1 WO 2025064380A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
poly
butyral
vinyl butyral
soft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/US2024/047010
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English (en)
Inventor
Sungkyun Sohn
Bert Jozef CAMPO
Pieter VAN DE WALLE
Wenjie Chen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Solutia Inc
Original Assignee
Solutia Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solutia Inc filed Critical Solutia Inc
Publication of WO2025064380A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025064380A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B43/00—Operations specially adapted for layered products and not otherwise provided for, e.g. repairing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B43/006—Delaminating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0203—Separating plastics from plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0286—Cleaning means used for separation
    • B29B2017/0289—Washing the materials in liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2029/00—Use of polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2029/14—Polyvinylacetals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3052—Windscreens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/778—Windows
    • B29L2031/7782—Glazing

Definitions

  • This disclosure is related to the field of recycling polymer interlayers having different poly(vinyl butyral) components.
  • Multilayer interlayers have an ever-increasing share in the interlayer market but have limited recyclability in the extrusion process, since the different layers may have different physicochemical properties.
  • Typical of these multilayer interlayers are acoustic trilayers in which two outer skin layers are used, typically having similar properties, with a core layer in which the properties are quite different.
  • these acoustic core layers especially do not mix well with the two skin layer materials during extrusion, forming small but discrete domains of core material that cause a certain level of haze, limiting its content in extrusion. The inability to rework this multilayer material is a significant economic loss.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 10,279,509 discloses a waste carpet and felt scrap recycling apparatus.
  • the apparatus includes a feeding unit that feeds cut scrap while forming a feeding path and a supply unit that is connected to the feeding path and supplies the scrap that passed the feeding unit along the feeding path while pressing the scrap.
  • a separation unit is spaced apart from the supply unit and provides a frictional force to one surface of the scrap supplied from the supply unit through rotation of the supply unit and separates the scrap into fiber and recycled material.
  • 11 ,518,472 discloses a method for recycling an intermediate film for laminated glass, comprising a step of separating a layer comprising an A layer and a layer comprising a B layer from the intermediate film for laminated glass comprising at least the A layer and the B layer.
  • JP2000331384A identifies as a problem to be solved to easily and thoroughly remove a protective layer stuck on a substrate without leaving shavings, an abrasive material, or the like.
  • the solution described is a high- pressure flow of an aqueous working fluid containing an abrasive material blown on a protective layer on a substrate, or a swelling agent previously impregnated into the protective layer to swell the protective layer and the high-pressure flow is blown on the swollen protective layer.
  • the protective layer is mechanically removed by the impact of the abrasive material and only the substrate is recovered.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 7,812,061 discloses that used optical discs using a PC resin as a substrate material can be reused as a raw material for a flameretardant polycarbonate resin composition by chemical treatment.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,278,282 discloses a method for separating polymers from a physically commingled solid mixture containing a plurality of polymers that comprises dissolving a first one of the polymers in a solvent at a first lower temperature to form a first preferably single phase solution and a remaining solid component.
  • the solid component contains additional polymers which are not soluble to the solvent at the first temperature but which may be soluble at higher temperatures.
  • the method includes subsequently heating the solvent to dissolve additional polymer from the solid component to form subsequent solutions.
  • the polymers are then separated from their respective solution either using flash evaporation techniques when more than one polymer has been dissolved at a single temperature, or conventional techniques for extracting a polymer from a solvent in a solution.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,187 discloses a set of systematic equipment for recycling raw materials such as: copper, ferrous material, and different plastic materials from waste wires.
  • the equipment includes a classifier for separating the copper and plastic materials, and a wet gravity separator for further separating the different plastic materials having different densities and floating heights in a tank of the gravity separator.
  • EP0425800A1 discloses a method of separating synthetic resin foam from rigid articles by subjecting the article to a deformation treatment, after which any synthetic resin foam still bonding to the articles is removed from the articles by means of scraping members. Also disclosed is a device suitable for such use.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 9,050,739 discloses processing a used golf ball to make the materials of the used golf ball reusable in a new golf ball.
  • the method may include melting a golf ball made of layers each having a different melting point.
  • the materials may be separated by melting the different layers one by one.
  • the method of recycling a golf ball may generally include pulverizing used golf balls made of materials having differing amounts of magnetic additive into particles. The particles may be separated by a magnetic field.
  • JP7166571 B2 discloses a film-shaped member having a first layer on one side of an adhesive layer, and a second layer on the opposite side, which is separated by cutting along the layer with a blade.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,775,697 discloses pure polymers, such as polyester used in photographic film and in plastic walls of drink bottles or polycarbonate used in high-quality plastic beverage bottles, separated from thin saran and like coating layers of a multi-layer film or sheet in a dry abrasion process.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,162,383 discloses pure polymers, such as polyester used in photographic film and in plastic walls of drink bottles or polycarbonate used in high-quality plastic beverage bottles, separated from thin saran and like coating layers of a multi-layer film or sheet in a wet abrasion process.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 7,244,314 discloses a system for recycling reusable resin mold products recovered from discarded apparatuses.
  • the recycling system includes a crushing system for crushing resin mold products into crushed resinous pieces and packing the same in a bag, a classification system for irradiating a light beam to the resin in the bag and classifying the bags into respective kinds of resins based on a reflected beam therefrom, a cleaning system for separately cleaning the respective kind of crushed resinous pieces taken out of the bag to remove foreign matters adhered onto the surfaces of the crushed resinous pieces therefrom, and a recovery system for recovering the cleaned crushed resinous pieces
  • W02005/103130 discloses a process for the recovery of a polymer from a polymer coating on a support, whereby the coated support is subjected to a high-pressure-water-jet by which at least a portion of the polymer coating is removed from the support and is carried away in the form of an aqueous wash of polymer compound in water, whereafter at least a portion of the polymer compound is recovered from the aqueous wash and is introduced into a process where polymer compound is contacted with a solvent or solvent mixture capable of dissolving the polymer compound, and the polymer is then precipitated from the solvent or solvent mixture in the form of solid polymer particles.
  • WO2021/237306 discloses a recycling process for a laminate and a solution used in such a process.
  • the disclosure is said to find particular application in the removal of an adhered overlay from an underlying substrate material such as plastic.
  • the process includes subjecting the laminate to an impact frictional striking force, thereby substantially separating the substrate layer from the one or more surface layers of the overlay and then washing the substrate layer with a washing solution to remove the remaining surface layers of the overlay and glue from the substrate layer.
  • the washing solution may be an aqueous solution including a surfactant, a solvent and a base.
  • WO2022250944A2 discloses processes for separating a first layer from a remainder of a multilayer interlayer sheet, in which the multilayer sheet is heated, and thereafter the first layer is separated from the remainder of the multilayer interlayer sheet by pulling the first layer and the remainder of the multilayer interlayer sheet in different directions, in a defined orientation.
  • 63/448,707 discloses processes for separating a first layer from a remainder of a tapered multilayer interlayer sheet, in which the tapered multilayer interlayer sheet is heated, and thereafter the first layer is separated from the remainder of the tapered multilayer interlayer sheet by pulling the first layer and the remainder of the tapered multilayer interlayer sheet in different directions, in a defined orientation, without the tapered multilayer interlayer sheet wrinkling or tearing.
  • the multilayer sheet is an acoustic interlayer in which the remainder is a core-skin bilayer with the core layer left exposed, it is difficult to mechanically separate the two layers (the core and the remaining skin), since the weak and flimsy core layer easily gets torn, being unable to survive the mechanical peeling force.
  • the core layer can also be quite sticky, making it difficult to work with. Indeed, it sticks to both the skin layer as well as any other material with which it comes in contact. In some cases, it will tend to preferentially adhere to the skin layer, in other cases it may preferentially adhere to the other material.
  • the invention relates to processes for separating a soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer from a stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer of a multilayer interlayer, the processes including the steps of: exposing at least a portion of the soft poly(vi nyl butyral) layer to a solvent; and thereafter physically removing at least a portion of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer from the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer.
  • the invention relates to apparatuses for carrying out the methods of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic of the solvent-based mechanical separation for an acoustic trilayer interlayer, including the removal of the core layer of a core-skin bilayer.
  • Fig. 2 is a drawing that depicting the incident angles that define the positions of the plowing device.
  • Embodiment 1 in a first embodiment, relates to processes for separating a soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer from a stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer of a multilayer interlayer, the process comprising: exposing at least a portion of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer to a solvent; and thereafter physically removing at least a portion of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer from the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer.
  • the solvent may comprise one or more of: methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n- propanol, ethyl acetate, TEG-EH (triethylene glycol bis (2-ethylhexanoate) or also called plasticizer), or a mixture of those solvents.
  • substantially all of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer is removed from the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer such that FT-IR results show substantially no residue of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer.
  • the physically removing is accomplished by plowing the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer from the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer using at least one plowing device.
  • the multilayer interlayer is in contact with a planar surface and the at least one plowing device contacts the multilayer interlayer on a side opposite the planar surface.
  • the multilayer interlayer is in contact with a planar surface
  • the at least one plowing device comprises two plowing devices, each of which plowing devices contacts the multilayer interlayer on a side opposite the planar surface.
  • the two plowing devices contact the multilayer interlayer at different angles.
  • the multilayer interlayer is in contact with a roller and the at least one plowing device contacts the multilayer interlayer on a side opposite the roller.
  • the at least one plowing device is heated to a temperature from about 50°C to about 300°C.
  • an angle 0 theta between a plane formed by the multilayer interlayer and a plane formed by the at least one plowing device at a point where the device contacts the core layer is from 30 degrees to 150 degrees.
  • ) phi between a cross-machine direction of movement of the multilayer interlayer and a straight line defined by the at least one plowing device in contact with the multilayer interlayer is from -45 degrees to 45 degrees.
  • the at least one plowing device comprises a first plowing device and a second plowing device, and wherein the plowing of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer is performed by the first plowing device and the second plowing device sequentially.
  • the at least one plowing device comprises a first plowing device and a second plowing device, and the plowing of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer is performed by the first plowing device and the second plowing device along a cross-machine direction simultaneously.
  • a thickness of the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer is at least 1 .0 times a thickness of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer, or at least 1.5 times a thickness of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer.
  • the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises a plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) polymer which exhibits a 90° peel adhesion value, when laminated to glass, of from about 20 N/cm to about 70 N/cm.
  • the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises a plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) polymer which exhibits a 90° peel adhesion value, when laminated to glass, of from about 3 N/cm to about 18 N/cm.
  • a difference in a 90° peel adhesion value between the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer and the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer, when laminated to glass is at least 10 N/cm, or at least 15 N/cm.
  • a difference in a 90° peel adhesion value between the stiff PVB and soft PVB when in contact is at least about 10 N/cm, at 25% relative humidity and 21 ° C.
  • the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises poly(vinyl butyral) having a shear storage modulus at 20°C from about 0.1 MPa to about 18 MPa.
  • the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises poly(vinyl butyral) having a shear storage modulus at 20°C from about 20 MPa to about 600 MPa.
  • a difference between a shear storage modulus at 20°C of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer and the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer is at least 10 MPa.
  • the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises a plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) polymer having a Tg less than about 20°C.
  • the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises a plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) polymer having a Tg greater than about 25°C.
  • the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises a poly(vinyl butyral) polymer having a residual hydroxyl content from about 8% to about 13.5%.
  • the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises a poly(vinyl butyral) polymer having a residual hydroxyl content from about 15% to about 25%.
  • a difference between the residual hydroxyl content of the poly (vinyl butyral) polymer of the stiff poly(vi nyl butyral) layer and the poly(vinyl) butyral polymer of the soft poly(viny I butyral) layer is at least 5 weight percent.
  • the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises poly(vinyl butyral) having a plasticizer content from about 20 phr to about 50 phr.
  • the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises poly(vinyl butyral) having a plasticizer content from about 45 phr to about 150 phr.
  • the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises poly(vinyl butyral) having a weight average molecular weight from about 70,000 to 225,000.
  • the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises poly(vinyl butyral) having a weight average molecular weight from about 150,000 to about 600,000.
  • the at least one grinding roll is provided with at least one grinding pattern selected from a diamond knurl with a blade on one side or a burring blade.
  • the process includes the use of spreader rollers to ensure the interlayer is flat. [0064] In a further embodiment, according to any of the previous embodiments, the process includes the use of annealing to help eliminate wrinkles.
  • the invention relates to processes for separating a soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer from a stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer of a multilayer interlayer, the processes including the steps of: exposing at least a portion of the soft poly(vi nyl butyral) layer to a solvent; and thereafter physically removing at least a portion of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer from the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer.
  • This invention provides a means for separating the skin layer PVB and core layer PVB from a core-skin bi-layer, by physically removing the core layer from the bi-layer, for example with a scraper, after exposure to a solvent. If the extent of separation is complete, this enables the recovery of the skin layer for unlimited use in extrusion.
  • the “solvent” appears to interact with the core layer PVB in a way that eases the physical core removal procedure, perhaps by increasing the free volume, solvating, or softening the core layer to ease its removal.
  • a suitable solvent any suitable solvent.
  • methods are provided that include the use of a solvent to enables separation and recovery of the skin layer for re-use in extrusion.
  • processes are thus provided for separating a soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer from a stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer of a multilayer interlayer, the processes including the steps of: exposing at least a portion of the soft poly(vi nyl butyral) layer to a solvent; and thereafter physically removing at least a portion of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer from the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer.
  • the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer is exposed to a solvent
  • the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer may be exposed to a solvent by soaking the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer in the solvent, or by spraying, for example, or by dipping in a bath.
  • a portion of the soft layer exposed was a circular area having a diameter of about 7 mm. This eased separation of the core from the skin within this circular area.
  • undesirable effects on the skin layer that might make it more difficult to afterward scrape the core from the skin.
  • the solvent may comprise one or more of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, TEG-EH (triethylene glycol bis (2-ethylhexanoate), other plasticizers, or a mixture of any of these. More generally, short chain alcohols and esters may be used according to the invention, based on the performance with respect to specific PVB layers.
  • a variety of methods may be provided for physically removing at least a portion of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer from the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer.
  • the exposed core layer may be physically removed by scraping or plowing the soft layer from the skin layer.
  • the separating of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer from the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer of a multilayer interlayer may be accomplished by scraping or plowing the soft poly(viny I butyral) layer from the stiff poly(vi nyl butyral) layer, for example, using at least one plowing device.
  • the plowing and orientation of the multilayer interlayer during the plowing are not especially limited.
  • the multilayer interlayer may be placed on a planar surface, or the like, and may be in contact with a roller that moves the interlayer in a machine direction.
  • the multilayer interlayer may be in contact with a planar surface during the scraping or plowing, and the at least one plowing device may contact the multilayer interlayer on a side opposite the planar surface.
  • the multilayer interlayer may be in contact with a planar surface, wherein the at least one plowing device comprises two plowing devices, and each of the plowing devices may contact the multilayer interlayer on a side opposite the planar surface.
  • the two plowing devices may contact the multilayer interlayer at different angles, or the two plowing devices may contact the multilayer interlayer at the same angle.
  • the multilayer interlayer may be in contact with a roller during plowing, and the at least one plowing device may contact the multilayer interlayer on a side opposite the roller.
  • At least one of the plowing device(s) may be heated.
  • the plowing device may be heated to a temperature of at least 50°C, or at least 75°C, or at least 80°C, up to about 150°C, or up to 180°C, or up to 200°C, or up to 250°C.
  • the plowing device(s) typically will be metal, and advantageously may be straight, such that a surface of the plowing device in contact with the multilayer interlayer may define a straight line.
  • the straight line defined may be perpendicular to a machine direction in which the multilayer interlayer travels, or may be angled to prevent accumulation of plowed core layer in one spot, which may increase resistance.
  • the at least one plowing device may define a straight line that is in contact with the multilayer interlayer.
  • ) phi between a cross-machine direction of movement of the multilayer interlayer and a straight line defined by the at least one plowing device in contact with the multilayer interlayer is from -45 degrees to 45 degrees, or from -40 degrees to +40 degrees, for example. This angling may assist in preventing accumulation of the core layer during plowing.
  • the at least one plowing device may comprise a first plowing device and a second plowing device, and the plowing of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer may be performed by the first plowing device and the second plowing device sequentially.
  • the at least one plowing device may comprise a first plowing device and a second plowing device, and the plowing of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer may be performed by the first plowing device and the second plowing device along a cross-machine direction simultaneously.
  • the plowing devices of the invention comprise more than one plowing device, the 0 theta values of the two devices may differ or may be the same.
  • plowing devices may be used either in series of sequentially, and may be selected as needed to obtain the desirable final product.
  • an “overplowing” may be performed, in which all of the core layer is removed, as well as a portion of the skin layer.
  • an “underplowing” may be performed in which not all of the core layer is removed.
  • the processes may include a step of mechanically plowing the soft poly(vi nyl butyral) layer from the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer.
  • the core layer may be eliminated by mechanically plowing or pushing the soft or core layer away from the stiff or skin layer, after the solvent is applied.
  • the method of plowing is not particularly limited.
  • the plowing may likewise be referred to as “scraping,” since at least a portion of the core layer is being plowed or scraped away.
  • This may be distinguished from grinding, if by grinding we mean that a grinding device is used that rotates about an axis. Alternatively, grinding may be used to separate the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer from the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer.
  • the device used to plow is likewise not particularly limited.
  • the plowing device will comprise or include metal, since it may be advantageous to heat the plowing device during use.
  • the plowing device may thus be metal, and may be treated or untreated metal, for example including a coating to help prevent sticking of the device to the soft layer.
  • a flat metallic bar may be used, heated for example to approximately 200°C.
  • substantially all of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer may be removed from the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer such, that FT-IR results show substantially no residue of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer.
  • multilayer interlayers having at least a soft layer and a stiff layer are separated such that at least a portion of the soft layer is removed from the stiff layer.
  • the multilayer interlayers are typically bilayers, although the invention is not so limited so long as the soft and stiff layers are present, as described herein.
  • the soft and stiff layers are also described herein as the core and skin layers, respectively.
  • the layers described comprise poly(vinyl butyral) polymers, which may each be the reaction product of a single reaction, or a blend of reaction products of different reactions. Indeed, when blended, it may be difficult or impossible to distinguish between a single polymer and a blend of polymers.
  • a poly(vinyl butyral) polymer and its properties may refer to a single polymer which is a single reaction product, a blend of two or more polymers having these properties, or a blend of several polymers in which the resulting blend has the stated properties.
  • a multilayer interlayer typically a bilayer resulting from a skin layer having been separated from an acoustic trilayer leaving the core layer exposed, is separated into two layers, a soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer and a stiff poly(vinyl butyral) layer.
  • stiff poly(vinyl butyral) refers to a poly(vinyl butyral) resin, or a blend of poly(vinyl butyral) resins, that is demonstrably stiffer than the “soft poly(vinyl butyral),” typically forming a skin or stiff layer of a multilayer poly(vinyl butyral) multilayer sheet, as further described herein.
  • soft poly(vinyl butyral) refers to a poly(vinyl butyral) resin, or a blend of poly(vinyl butyral) resins, that is demonstrably softer than the “stiff poly(vinyl butyral),” typically forming a core or soft layer of a multilayer poly(vinyl butyral) multilayer sheet, as further described herein.
  • the soft or core poly(vinyl butyral) layer is typically sandwiched between two stiff or skin poly(vinyl butyral) layers to form a multilayer poly(viny I butyral) multilayer sheet, from which one skin layer may thereafter be removed prior to the processes of the present invention, or as a precursor step of the present invention.
  • the bilayers separated according to the invention may result from processes disclosed and claimed in WO2022250944A2, the relevant disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, in which a first or skin layer is separated from a remainder of a multilayer interlayer sheet, for example from the core and skin layer of an acoustic trilayer interlayer.
  • the multilayer sheet may be heated, and thereafter the first (skin) layer separated from the remainder of the multilayer interlayer sheet by pulling the first layer and the remainder of the multilayer interlayer sheet in different directions, resulting in a core-skin bilayer.
  • Any other suitable method may likewise be used to obtain the multilayers (bilayers) that are separated according to the present invention.
  • multilayer and multiple layers mean an interlayer having more than one layer, and multilayer and multiple-layer may be used interchangeably.
  • the layers of the interlayer are generally produced by mixing a polymer resin such as poly(vinyl butyral) with one or more plasticizers and melt processing the mix into a sheet by any applicable process or method known to one of skill in the art, including, but not limited to, extrusion, with the layers being combined by processes such as co-extrusion or lamination. Other additional ingredients may optionally be added for various other purposes.
  • the interlayer sheet is formed, it is typically collected and rolled for transportation and storage and for later use in the multiple layer glass panel, as discussed below.
  • a multilayered interlayer comprises at least two polymer layers, a soft layer and a stiff layer (e.g., a single layer or multiple layers co-extruded and/or laminated together) disposed in direct contact with each other, wherein each layer comprises a polymer resin, as detailed more fully below.
  • a stiff layer e.g., a single layer or multiple layers co-extruded and/or laminated together
  • each layer comprises a polymer resin, as detailed more fully below.
  • skin layer generally refers to the outer layer(s) of the interlayer
  • core layer generally refers to the inner layer(s).
  • skin layer//core layer/Zskin layer In the multilayer interlayers having skin layer//core layer//skin layer configuration, the skin layer is stiffer and the core layer is softer.
  • the two stiff (or outer or skin) layers may comprise poly(vinyl butyral) (“PVB”) resin with a plasticizer or mixture of plasticizers, while the softer (inner or core) layers may comprise the same or different PVB resin or a different thermoplastic material with the same or different plasticizer and/or mixture of plasticizers.
  • PVB poly(vinyl butyral)
  • the stiff or skin layers and the soft or core layer(s) of the multilayered interlayer sheets may be comprised of the same thermoplastic material or different thermoplastic materials and the same or different plasticizer or plasticizers. Either or both layers may include additional additives as known in the art, as desired.
  • acoustic interlayers comprise multiple layers, with a preferred embodiment having a relatively soft layer sandwiched between two relatively stiff layers.
  • the resulting three-layer interlayer can generally be used in lamination processes directly in place of conventional, single layer interlayers, with little or no modification to the lamination process.
  • the core or soft layer of the multilayer interlayer is understood to be responsible for the acoustic properties of an acoustic trilayer, and comprises soft poly(vinyl butyral), that is poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) that is softer than the skin or stiff PVB, which is stiffer than the soft PVB.
  • the soft poly (vinyl butyral) may have a residual hydroxyl content from about 5% to about 15%, or from 8% to 12%, or from about 9% to 1 1 %, or as described elsewhere herein.
  • the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) may have a residual hydroxyl content of from about 12% to about 30%, or from 15% to about 25%, or from 18% to 22%.
  • the interlayer (e.g., the core layer and the skin layer) will have a generally constant or uniform thickness about the length of the interlayer.
  • the interlayer may have at least one region of non-uniform thickness.
  • the interlayer may be wedge-shaped, such that the thickness of the interlayer changes (e.g., linearly or non-linearly) along the length of the interlayer.
  • the thickness of the interlayer may change due to a thickness change in the core layer (i.e., with the skin layer(s) having a generally constant thickness).
  • the thickness of the interlayer may change due to a thickness change in the skin layer(s) (i.e., with the core layer having a generally constant thickness). In further alternatives, the thickness of the interlayer may change due to a thickness change in both the core layer and the skin layer(s).
  • the multilayered poly(vinyl butyral) sheets of the invention may comprise interlayers comprising one or more stiff skin layers and a soft core layer(s).
  • these multilayered interlayer sheets may comprise in order: a polymer layer (skin layer) comprising a stiff plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) resin; a second polymer layer (core layer) comprising a soft plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) resin, or a blend thereof having the same or different residual hydroxyl content; and optionally a third polymer layer (skin layer) comprising stiff plasticized poly(viny I butyral) resin.
  • This optional skin layer is removed prior to the processes of the invention, or incorporated in aspects where a skin layer is removed prior to and such that a core layer is exposed.
  • the core polymer layer is thus disposed adjacent a skin layer. If there are three or more layers, the second polymer layer may be disposed between the first polymer layer and the third polymer layer, resulting in two skin layers and a central core layer.
  • one or more of the inner layers can be relatively thin, as compared to the other outer layers.
  • the innermost layer can have a thickness of not more than about 12, not more than about 10, not more than about 9, not more than about 8, not more than about 7, not more than about 6, not more than about 5 mils, or it may have a thickness in the range of from about 2 to about 12 mils, about 3 to about 10 mils, or about 4 to about 9 mils.
  • the thickness of each of the outer layers can be at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 6, at least about 7 mils and/or not more than about 15, not more than about 13, not more than about 12, not more than about 10, not more than about 9, not more than about 8 mils, or can be in the range of from about 2 to about 15, about 3 to about 13, or about 4 to about 10 mils.
  • these layers can have a combined thickness of at least about 9, at least about 13, at least about 15, at least about 16, at least about 18, at least about 20, at least about 23, at least about 25, at least about 26, at least about 28, or at least about 30 mils, and/or not more than about 73, not more than about 60, not more than about 50, not more than about 45, not more than about 40, not more than about 35 mils, or in the range of from about 9 to about 70 mils, about 13 to about 40 mils, or about 25 to about 35 mils.
  • the ratio of the thickness of one of the outer layers to one of the inner layers in a multiple layer interlayer can be at least about 1 .4:1 , at least about 1 .5:1 , at least about 1 .8:1 , at least about 2:1 , at least about 2.5:1 , at least about 2.75:1 , at least about 3:1 , at least about 3.25:1 , at least about 3.5:1 , at least about 3.75:1 , or at least about 4:1 .
  • the interlayer is a three-layer interlayer having an inner core layer disposed between a pair of outer skin layers, the ratio of the thickness of one of the skin layers to the thickness of the core layer may fall within one or more of the ranges above.
  • the ratio of the combined thickness of the outer layers to the inner layer can be at least about 2.25:1 , at least about 2.4:1 , at least about 2.5:1 , at least about 2.8:1 , at least about 3:1 , at least about 3.5:1 , at least about 4:1 , at least about 4.5:1 , at least about 5:1 , at least about 5.5:1 , at least about 6:1 , at least about 6.5:1 , or at least about 7:1 and/or not more than about 30:1 , not more than about 20:1 , not more than about 15:1 , not more than about 10:1 , not more than about 9:1 , or not more than about 8:1 .
  • Multiple layer interlayers as described herein can comprise generally flat interlayers having substantially the same thickness along the length, or longest dimension, and/or width, or second longest dimension, of the sheet.
  • the multiple layer interlayers of the present invention can be tapered, or wedge-shaped, interlayers that comprise at least one tapered zone having a wedge-shaped profile.
  • Tapered interlayers may have a changing thickness profile along at least a portion of the length and/or width of the sheet, such that, for example, at least one edge of the interlayer has a thickness greater than the other.
  • the interlayer is a tapered interlayer, at least 1 , at least 2, at least 3, or more of the individual resin layers may include at least one tapered zone.
  • Tapered interlayers may be particularly useful in, for example, heads-up display (HUD) panels in automotive and aircraft applications.
  • HUD heads-up display
  • plasticizer refers generally to a molecule or blend of molecules, as further described herein, that plasticizes a polymer at lower plasticizer content, specifically poly(vinyl butyral), thereby softening it.
  • plasticizers are added to the polymer resin to form polymer layers or interlayers.
  • Plasticizers are generally added to the polymer resin to increase the flexibility and durability of the resultant polymer interlayer. Plasticizers function by embedding themselves between chains of polymers, spacing them apart (increasing the “free volume”) and thus significantly lowering the glass transition temperature (T g ) of the polymer resin, making the material softer.
  • the amount of plasticizer in the interlayer can be adjusted to affect the glass transition temperature (T g ).
  • the glass transition temperature (T g ) is the temperature that marks the transition from the glassy state of the interlayer to the rubbery state. In general, higher amounts of plasticizer loading can result in lower T g .
  • the inner core layer i.e., the soft layer
  • the outer skin layers e.g., the stiff layer
  • Contemplated plasticizers include, but are not limited to, esters of a polybasic acid, a polyhydric alcohol, triethylene glycol di-(2-ethylbutyrate), triethylene glycol di-(2-ethylhexonate) (known as “3-GEH”), triethylene glycol diheptanoate, tetraethylene glycol diheptanoate, dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, hexyl cyclohexyladipate, mixtures of heptyl and nonyl adipates, diisononyl adipate, heptylnonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, and polymeric plasticizers such as oil-modified sebacic alkyds and mixtures of phosphates and adipates, and mixtures and combinations thereof.
  • esters of a polybasic acid a polyhydric alcohol
  • 3-GEH is particularly preferred.
  • suitable plasticizers can include, but are not limited to, tetraethylene glycol di-(2-ethylhexanoate) (“4-GEH”), di(butoxyethyl) adipate, and bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl) adipate, dioctyl sebacate, nonylphenyl tetraethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable plasticizers may include blends of two or more distinct plasticizers, including but not limited to those plasticizers described above. Still other suitable plasticizers, or blends of plasticizers, may be formed from aromatic groups, such polyadipates, epoxides, phthalates, terephthalates, benzoates, toluates, mellitates and other specialty plasticizers.
  • Further examples include, but are not limited to, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, tripropylene glycol dibenzoate, polypropylene glycol dibenzoate, isodecyl benzoate, 2-ethylhexyl benzoate, diethylene glycol benzoate, propylene glycol dibenzoate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1 ,3-pentanediol dibenzoate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1 ,3- pentanediol benzoate isobutyrate, 1 ,3-butanediol dibenzoate, diethylene glycol di-o-toluate, triethylene glycol di-o-toluate, dipropylene glycol di-o-toluate, 1 ,2- octyl dibenzoate, tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate, di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate, bisphenol A bis(2-ethylhexaonate), eth
  • the plasticizer content of the polymer interlayers of this application are measured in parts per hundred resin parts (“phr”), on a weight per weight basis. For example, if 30 grams of plasticizer is added to 100 grams of polymer resin, the plasticizer content of the resulting plasticized polymer would be 30 phr.
  • the plasticizer content of a polymer layer is given in this application, the plasticizer content of the particular layer is determined in reference to the phr of the plasticizer in the melt that was used to produce that particular layer.
  • the high rigidity interlayer comprises a layer having a plasticizer content of less than about 35 phr and less than about 30 phr.
  • one or more polymer layers described herein can have a total plasticizer content of at least about 20 phr, at least about 25 phr, at least about 30 phr, at least about 35 phr, at least about 38 phr, at least about 40 phr, at least about 45 phr, at least about 50 phr, at least about 55 phr, at least about 60 phr, at least about 65 phr, at least about 67 phr, at least about 70 phr, at least about 75 phr of one or more plasticizers.
  • the polymer layer may also include not more than about 100 phr, not more than about 85 phr, not more than 80 phr, not more than about 75 phr, not more than about 70 phr, not more than about 65 phr, not more than about 60 phr, not more than about 55 phr, not more than about 50 phr, not more than about 45 phr, not more than about 40 phr, not more than about 38 phr, not more than about 35 phr, or not more than about 30 phr of one or more plasticizers.
  • the total plasticizer content of at least one polymer layer can be in the range of from about 20 to about 40 phr, about 20 to about 38 phr, or about 25 to about 35 phr. In other embodiments, the total plasticizer content of at least one polymer layer can be in the range of from about 38 to about 90 phr, about 40 to about 85 phr, or about 50 to 70 phr.
  • the interlayer includes a multiple layer interlayer
  • two or more polymer layers within the interlayer may have substantially the same plasticizer content and/or at least one of the polymer layers may have a plasticizer content different from one or more of the other polymer layers.
  • the two layers may be adjacent to one another.
  • the difference in plasticizer content between adjacent polymer layers can be at least about 1 , at least about 2, at least about 5, at least about 7, at least about 10, at least about 20, at least about 30, at least about 35 phr and/or not more than about 80, not more than about 55, not more than about 50, or not more than about 45 phr, or in the range of from about 1 to about 60 phr, about 10 to about 50 phr, or about 30 to 45 phr.
  • At least two of the polymer layers of the interlayer may have similar plasticizer contents falling for example, within 10, within 5, within 2, or within 1 phr of each other, while at least two of the polymer layers may have plasticizer contents differing from one another according to the above ranges.
  • one or more polymer layers or interlayers described herein may include a blend of two or more plasticizers including, for example, two or more of the plasticizers listed above.
  • the total plasticizer content of the polymer layer and the difference in total plasticizer content between adjacent polymer layers may fall within one or more of the ranges above.
  • the interlayer is a multiple layer interlayer
  • one or more than one of the polymer layers may include two or more plasticizers.
  • at least one of the polymer layers including a blend of plasticizers may have a glass transition temperature higher than that of conventional plasticized polymer layer. This may provide, in some cases, additional stiffness to layer which can be used, for example, as an outer “skin” layer in a multiple layer interlayer.
  • the amount of plasticizer in the soft or core poly(vinyl butyral) or a blend of soft poly(vinyl butyral), may be, for example, from about 50 phr to about 150 phr, or from 55 phr to 120 phr, or from 60 to 100 phr.
  • the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) contained in the plasticized poly (vinyl butyral) multilayer sheet comprises from about 25 phr to about 50 phr plasticizer, or from 30 phr to 45 phr, or from 32 to 42 phr.
  • the plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) multilayer sheet may comprise triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) present as a plasticizer.
  • the plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) multilayer sheet may further comprise dihexyladipate or bis(2- ethylhexyl)adipate or another convenient substance such as BenzoflexTM 9-88 benzoate ester as a plasticizer.
  • plasticizer may be selected from one or more of esters of a polybasic acid or a polyhydric alcohol.
  • the plasticizer may be selected from one or more of: triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate), tetraethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate), triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylbutyrate), triethylene glycol diheptanoate, tetraethylene glycol diheptanoate, dihexyl adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, bis(2-ethoxyethyl)adipate, dioctyl adipate, hexyl cyclohexyladipate, diisononyl adipate, heptylnonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, polymeric adipates, a soybean oil, or an epoxidized soybean oil.
  • plasticizers that are compatible in high temperatures may be utilized to further increase the flow of the interlayer.
  • the interlayer may comprise about 30 to about 60 phr (parts per hundred parts resin) total plasticizer. While the total plasticizer content is indicated above, the plasticizer content in the stiff layer(s) or soft layer(s) can be different from the total plasticizer content. In addition, the stiff layer(s) and soft layer(s) can have different plasticizer contents, as each respective layer's plasticizer content at the equilibrium state is determined at least in part by its respective residual hydroxyl content.
  • the interlayer could comprise two skin layers, each with 38 phr plasticizer, and a core layer with 75 phr plasticizer, for a total plasticizer amount for the interlayer of about 54.3 phr when the combined skin layer thickness equals that of the core layer.
  • the total plasticizer amount for the interlayer may change accordingly.
  • the amount of plasticizer in the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) or soft poly(vinyl butyral)s may be from about 20 phr to about 60 phr, or from 25 phr to 50 phr, or from 30 to 45 phr.
  • the skin or stiff layer of the multilayer interlayer sheet may comprise a PVB polymer having a Tg, for example, from about 20°C to about 45°C, or from 25°C to 40°C, or from 28°C to 35°C.
  • the Tg of the stiff po ly (vinyl butyral) may be at least about 20°C or at least 25°C, or at least 28°C, up to about 45°C, or up to 40°C, or up to 35°C.
  • the soft or core layer of the multilayer interlayer sheet may comprise a PVB polymer having a Tg, for example, from about - 15°C to about 45°C, or from -10°C to 30°C, or from -8°C to 25°C.
  • the Tg of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) may be at least about -15°C or at least -10°C, or at least -8°C, up to about 45°C, or up to 30°C, or up to 20°C.
  • the Tg of the core or soft layer may be at least 12°C lower, or at least 15°C lower, or at least 20°C lower, or at least 30° lower than the Tg of the stiff layer.
  • the polymer interlayer has at least two different glass transition temperatures (T g ) and the difference between the at least two different glass transition temperatures (T g ) is at least 5 e C.
  • the glass transition temperatures of one or more polymer layers may be different when measured alone or as part of a multiple layer interlayer.
  • the interlayer can include at least one polymer layer having a glass transition temperature, outside of an interlayer, of at least about 33, at least about 34, at least about 35, at least about 36, at least about 37, at least about 38, at least about 39, at least about 40, at least about 41 , at least about 42, at least about 43, at least about 44, at least about 45, or at least about 46°C.
  • the same layer may have a glass transition temperature within the polymer layer of at least about 34, at least about 35, at least about 36, at least about 37, at least about 38, at least about 39, at least about 40, at least about 41 , at least about 42, at least about 43, at least about 44, at least about 45, at least about 46, or at least about 47°C.
  • At least one other polymer layer of the multiple layer interlayer can have a glass transition temperature less than 30°C and may, for example, have a glass transition temperature of not more than about 25, not more than about 20, not more than about 15, not more than about 10, not more than about 9, not more than about 8, not more than about 7, not more than about 6, not more than about 5, not more than about 4, not more than about 3, not more than about 2, not more than about 1 , not more than about 0, not more than about -1 , not more than about -2°C, or not more than about -5°C, measured when the interlayer is not part of an interlayer.
  • the same polymer layer may have a glass transition temperature of not more than about 25, not more than about 20, not more than about 15, not more than about 10, not more than about 9, not more than about 8, not more than about 7, not more than about 6, not more than about 5, not more than about 4, not more than about 3, not more than about 2, not more than about 1 , or not more than about 0°C, when measured outside of the interlayer.
  • the difference between the glass transition temperatures of two polymer layers, typically adjacent polymer layers within an interlayer can be at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 15, at least about 20, at least about 25, at least about 30, at least about 35, at least about 40, or at least about 45°C, while in other embodiments, two or more polymer layers can have a glass transition temperature within about 5, about 3, about 2, or about 1 °C of each other.
  • the lower glass transition temperature layer has a lower stiffness than the higher glass transition temperature layer or layers in an interlayer and may be located between higher glass transition temperature polymer layers in the final interlayer construction.
  • PVB layers according to the invention are further characterized by their peel adhesion properties, with respect to one another and with respect to other materials they may come in contact with.
  • the stiff PVB as described herein can exhibit a 90° peel adhesion value, when laminated to glass, of at least about 20 N/cm, at least about 25 N/cm, at least about 30 N/cm, at least about 35 N/cm, at least about 40 N/cm, at least about 45 N/cm, or at least about 50 N/cm at 25% relative humidity and 21 °C.
  • the stiff PVB as described herein can exhibit a 90° peel adhesion value, when laminated to glass, of from about 20 N/cm to about 70 N/cm, or from 25 N/cm to 65 N/cm, or from 30 N/cm to 60 N/cm.
  • the soft PVB as described herein can exhibit a 90° peel adhesion, when laminated to glass, of at least about 2 N/cm, at least about 3 N/cm, at least about 4 N/cm, up to about 20 N/cm, or up to 18 N/cm, or up to 15 N/cm, at 25% relative humidity and 21 ° C.
  • the soft PVB as described herein can exhibit a 90° peel adhesion value, when laminated to glass, of from about 2 N/cm to about 20 N/cm or from 3 N/cm to 18 N/cm, or from 4 N/cm to 15 N/cm.
  • the stiff PVB as described herein can exhibit a 90° peel adhesion to the soft PVB of at least about 8, at least about 10, at least about 15, at least about 20, at least about 25, at least about 30 at least about 35 or at least about 40 N/cm at 25% relative humidity and 21 ° C.
  • the layers and interlayers according to embodiments of the present invention may exhibit such a peel adhesion while having an average moisture content of at least about 0.2%, or at least 0.25%, or at least 0.3%, or at least 0.35% or at least 0.4%, measured by Karl-Fisher Titration according to ASTM E203.
  • the 90° peel adhesion to glass values described herein may be determined according to the following procedure, including the lamination/autoclaving described.
  • the peel adhesion values of the stiff PVB to the soft PVB are determined according to the following, without of course first laminating/autoclaving the film to glass.
  • peel Adhesion To measure the bond strength between the plasticized PVB layer and glass, adhesion-coated aluminum foil is initially conditioned at 105 °C for 30 min. Special peel adhesion laminates containing the PVB interlayer to be tested are then prepared using standard laminating techniques by substituting the conditioned aluminum foil for one glass piece of a standard double glass layered laminate. The thickness of the plasticized PVB layer in the laminate being tested is standardized at 30 mils (0.76 mil). More specifically, the coated foil is assembled to one side of the polymeric laminate with the adhesive next to the PVB layer and a test glass layer assembled to the other side of the PVB laminate. After two such laminates are assembled, they are placed with the foil faces in face-to-face contact and passed through deairing rolls.
  • the laminates are then placed singly, with foil down, in a circulating air oven at 100 °C for 5 minutes.
  • the hot laminates are then assembled, rerolled as before and autoclaved at 290 °F (143 °C) at 185 psi (1275k Pa).
  • a 4 cm wide cut through the foil and polymeric laminate is made using a special double wheeled cutter.
  • the glass at one end of the laminate is then scored and broken.
  • the outside edge of the aluminum foil and polymer laminate on each side of the 4 cm strip is cut at the glass break. At least three samples of a particular common polymeric laminate are tested per reported value.
  • a standard laminate to be used for moisture analysis is prepared from the same polymeric laminate piece.
  • the samples Prior to conducting the actual peel test, the samples are conditioned at (21 °C) overnight.
  • the sample of glass, foil and polymer laminate are clamped in testing grips of an Instron peel tester (crosshead speed of 5 in (12.7 cm) per min.) and a direct recorded measurement made of the force necessary to separate the polymer laminate from the glass. The average of the various recorded peaks is the value for the sample.
  • a stiff/soft/stiff trilayer or a stiff/soft bilayer sample are cut to a rectangular strip.
  • the surface layers are adhered to a piece of tape of a corresponding size.
  • the initial separation of the soft/core layers is carried out manually at one end of the strip to facilitate the mounting of the layer to the sample holder of the peel tester.
  • the strip can then be peeled apart at the stiff/soft interface in a 180 degree peel test by a peel testing apparatus.
  • the peel adhesion properties described are significant, since the core and skin material both exhibit stickiness to various materials, while the core layer is even stickier than the skin layer. Similarly, the two layers also exhibit a peel adhesion value when in the same film which value affects the ability to neatly separate the two layers.
  • the core and skin layers of the multilayers separated according to the invention are further characterized as having a different shear storage modulus.
  • This property is likewise significant, since it indicates among other things the tendency of the layers to remain intact, or put another way, the likelihood the materials will tear. Because of the differences in shear modulus just described, the soft layer is indeed susceptible to tearing, making it difficult to remove the layer intact.
  • the glass transition temperature (Tg) and Shear Modulus as described herein can be determined by dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) in shear mode.
  • the Tg is then determined by the position of the tan delta peak on the temperature scale in °C and the tan delta peak value is referred as tan delta or peak tan delta.
  • tan delta peak tan delta
  • tan 6 peak tan 6
  • peak tan 6 may be used interchangeably.
  • PVB residual hydroxyl content
  • PVB poly(vinyl alcohol)
  • residual hydroxyl content refers to the amount of hydroxyl groups remaining as side groups on the chains of the polymer after processing is complete.
  • PVB can be manufactured by hydrolyzing poly(vinyl acetate) to poly(vinyl alcohol), and then reacting the poly(vinyl alcohol) with butyraldehyde to form PVB. In the process of hydrolyzing the poly(vinyl acetate), typically not all the acetate side groups are converted to hydroxyl groups.
  • the reaction with butyraldehyde typically will not result in all the hydroxyl groups being converted into acetal groups. Consequently, in any finished PVB, there will typically be residual acetate groups (such as vinyl acetate groups) and residual hydroxyl groups (such as vinyl hydroxyl groups) as side groups on the polymer chain.
  • residual acetate groups such as vinyl acetate groups
  • residual hydroxyl groups such as vinyl hydroxyl groups
  • the residual hydroxyl content of a polymer can be regulated by controlling the reaction times and reactant concentrations, among other variables in the polymer manufacturing process. When utilized as a parameter herein, the residual hydroxyl content is measured on a wt. % basis per ASTM D-1396.
  • the difference between the residual hydroxyl content of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) and the residual hydroxyl content of the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) is at least 6%, or at least 5%, or at least 4%, or from 4% to 8%, or from 5% to 10%, or as further described herein.
  • the residual hydroxyl contents of the poly(vinyl butyral) resins for stiff (skin) layer(s) and soft (core) layer(s) may be different.
  • the resin for the core layer(s) can comprise about 9 to about 18 weight percent (wt. %) residual hydroxyl groups calculated as PVOH, about 9 to about 16 wt. % residual hydroxyl groups calculated as PVOH, or about 9 to about 14 wt. % residual hydroxyl groups calculated as PVOH.
  • the resin for the skin layer(s) for example, can comprise about 13 to about 35 weight percent (wt. %) residual hydroxyl groups calculated as PVOH, about 13 to about 30 wt.
  • the poly(vinyl butyral) resin comprises about 8 to about 35 wt. % (wt. %) residual hydroxyl groups calculated as PVOH, about 13 to about 30 wt. % residual hydroxyl groups calculated as PVOH, about 8 to about 22 wt. % residual hydroxyl groups calculated as PVOH, or about 15 to about 22 wt.
  • the poly(vinyl butyral) resin comprises greater than about 19 wt. % residual hydroxyl groups calculated as PVOH, greater than about 20 wt. % residual hydroxyl groups calculated as PVOH, greater than about 20.4 wt. % residual hydroxyl groups calculated as PVOH, and greater than about 21 wt. % residual hydroxyl groups calculated as PVOH.
  • the poly (vi ny I butyral) resin used in at least one polymer layer of an interlayer may include a poly(vinyl butyral) resin that has a residual hydroxyl content of at least about 18, at least about 18.5, at least about 18.7, at least about 19, at least about 19.5, at least about 20, at least about 20.5, at least about 21 , at least about 21 .5, at least about 22, at least about 22.5 wt. % and/or not more than about 30, not more than about 29, not more than about 28, not more than about 27, not more than about 26, not more than about 25, not more than about 24, not more than about 23, or not more than about 22 wt. %, measured as described above.
  • one or more other polymer layers in the interlayers described herein may include another poly(vinyl butyral) resin that has a lower residual hydroxyl content.
  • at least one polymer layer of the interlayer can include a poly(vinyl butyral) resin having a residual hydroxyl content of at least about 8, at least about 8.5, at least about 9, at least about 9.5, at least about 10, at least about 10.5, at least about 1 1 , at least about 11 .5, at least about 12, at least about 13 wt. % and/or not more than about 16, not more than about 15, not more than about 14, not more than about 13.5, not more than about 13, not more than about 12, or not more than about 1 1 .5 wt. %, measured as described above.
  • the soft or core poly(vinyl butyral) or blend of soft poly(vinyl butyral)s may have a residual hydroxyl content, as further described herein, from about 5% to about 15%.
  • the residual hydroxyl content of the soft poly(vinyl butyral) may be from about 7% to about 13, or from 8% to 12%, or as described elsewhere herein.
  • the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) or blend of stiff poly(vinyl butyral)s may have a residual hydroxyl content, as further described herein, from about 12 % to about 28%.
  • the residual hydroxyl content of the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) may be from about 15% to about 25%, or from 18% to 20%, or as described elsewhere herein.
  • the residual hydroxyl content of the first stiff poly(vinyl butyral resin) is typically the same as the residual hydroxyl content of the second stiff poly (vinyl butyral resin) and typically differs from that in the core poly(vinyl butyral resin).
  • the difference between the core residual hydroxyl content and the skin residual hydroxyl content is at least 4.0 weight percent, or at least 5 weight percent, or at least 6.0 weight percent.
  • the core poly(vinyl butyral) resin is present in an amount of from about 2 weight percent to about 45 weight percent, or from about 5 weight percent to about 40 weight percent.
  • the soft poly(vinyl butyral) or blend of soft poly(vinyl butyral)s may have a residual acetate content, as further described herein, from about 0% to about 18%, or from 0.5% to 10%.
  • the residual acetate content may be less than 10%, or less than 5%, or less than 2%, or less than 1 %, or as further described herein.
  • the stiff poly ( vi ny I butyral) or blend of stiff poly(vinyl butyral)s may have a residual acetate content, as further described herein , from about 0% to about 18%.
  • the residual acetate content of the stiff poly(vinyl butyral) may be less than 10%, or less than 5%, or less than 2%, or less than 1%, or as further described herein.
  • the residual hydroxyl content of the soft layer can be the same as, greater than, or less than the residual hydroxyl content of the resin in the stiff layer.
  • the soft resin, or skin resin, or both of these resins may comprise less than 30 wt.% residual ester groups, less than 25 wt.% residual ester groups, less than 20 wt.%, less than 15 wt.%, less than 13 wt.%, less than 10 wt.%, less than 7 wt.%, less than 5 wt.%, or less than 1 wt.% residual ester groups calculated as polyvinyl ester, e.g., acetate, with the balance being an acetal, such as butyraldehyde acetal, but optionally being other acetal groups, such as an isobutyraldehyde acetal group, a 2-ethyl hexanal acetal group, or a mix of any two of buty
  • the resin for the core layer(s) or for the skin layer(s) or for both the skin layer(s) and core layer(s) can also comprise less than 20 wt. % residual ester groups, less than 15 wt. %, less than 13 wt. %, less than 11 wt. %, less than 9 wt. %, less than 7 wt. %, less than 5 wt. %, or less than 1 wt.
  • % residual ester groups calculated as polyvinyl ester, e.g., acetate, with the balance being an acetal, preferably butyraldehyde acetal, but optionally including other acetal groups in a minor amount, for example, a 2-ethyl hexanal group (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,137,954, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference).
  • the multilayered interlayers used in the processes of the invention may comprise: a skin or still polymer layer comprising plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of less than about 140,000 amu, or less than 150,000 or less than 200,000, or less than 250,000; a core polymer layer comprising plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) having a weight average molecular weight of greater than about 200,000 amu, or greater than 225,000, or greater than 250,000, or greater than 275,000.
  • Mw weight average molecular weight
  • the skin or stiff polymer layer comprising plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from about 60,000 to 250,000, or from 70,000 to 225,000, or from 100,000 to 200,000.
  • the core polymer layer may comprise plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) having a weight average molecular weight of from about 150,000 amu to 600,000, or from 200,000 to 500,000, or from 250,000 to 400,000.
  • the extruded interlayer formed from plasticized PVB resin can be prepared with systems known to those skilled in the art by extrusion through a conventional sheeting die having cooled die lips, i.e. by forcing molten polymer through a horizontally long, vertically narrow die opening substantially conforming in length and width to that of the sheet being formed therein.
  • Conventional multilayer interlayers such as a tri-layer acoustic interlayer typically contain a soft core layer consisting of a single poly(vinyl butyral) (“PVB”) resin having a low residual hydroxyl content and a high amount of a conventional plasticizer, and two stiff skin layers having significantly higher residual hydroxyl content (see, for example U.S. Patents 5,340,654, 5,190,826, and 7,510,771 ).
  • the isolated soft poly(vinyl butyral) may be recycled to form the core layer of a trilayer acoustic interlayer, or the soft poly(vinyl butyral) and plasticizer varnish may be used directly to form a soft poly(vinyl butyral) layer without first separating the two.
  • the residual hydroxyl content in the PVB core resin and the amount of the plasticizer are optimized such that the interlayer provides optimal sound insulation property under ambient conditions for multiple layer glass panels such as windshields and windows installed on vehicles and buildings.
  • the multilayer interlayer sheet comprises a multilayer PVB interlayer, for example having a skin/core/skin cross-section.
  • a multilayer PVB interlayer for example having a skin/core/skin cross-section.
  • the PVB resin may be produced by known acetalization processes by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (“PVOH”) with butyraldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst, separation, stabilization, and drying of the resin.
  • PVOH polyvinyl alcohol
  • Such acetalization processes are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,282,057 and 2,282,026 and Vinyl Acetal Polymers, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science & Technology, 3rd edition, Volume 8, pages 381 -399, by B.E. Wade (2003), the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the resin is commercially available in various forms, for example, as Butvar® Resin from Solatia Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Eastman Chemical Company.
  • the PVB resins of the present disclosure typically have a molecular weight of greater than 50,000 Daltons, or less than 500,000 Daltons, or about 50,000 to about 500,000 Daltons, or about 70,000 to about 500,000 Daltons, or about 100,000 to about 425,000 Daltons, as measured by size exclusion chromatography using low angle laser light scattering.
  • the term “molecular weight” means the weight average molecular weight.
  • ACAs adhesion control agents
  • Contemplated ACAs include, but are not limited to, magnesium carboxylates/salts.
  • contemplated ACAs may also include those ACAs disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,728,472, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, such as residual sodium acetate, potassium acetate, magnesium bis(2-ethyl butyrate), and/or magnesium bis(2-ethylhexanoate).
  • additives may be incorporated into the interlayer to enhance its performance in a final product and impart certain additional properties to the interlayer.
  • additives include, but are not limited to, dyes, pigments, stabilizers (e.g., ultraviolet stabilizers), antioxidants, anti-blocking agents, flame retardants, IR absorbers or blockers (e.g., indium tin oxide, antimony tin oxide, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ) and cesium tungsten oxide), processing aides, flow enhancing additives, lubricants, impact modifiers, nucleating agents, thermal stabilizers, UV absorbers, UV stabilizers, dispersants, surfactants, chelating agents, coupling agents, adhesives, primers, reinforcement additives, and fillers, among other additives known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • ACAs adhesion control agents
  • the interlayer can comprise about 0.003 to about 0.15 parts ACAs per 100 parts resin; about 0.01 to about 0.10 parts ACAs per 100 parts resin; and about 0.01 to about 0.04 parts ACAs per 100 parts resin.
  • ACAs include, but are not limited to, the ACAs disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,728,472 (the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference), residual sodium acetate, potassium acetate, magnesium bis(2-ethyl butyrate), and/or magnesium bis(2-ethylhexanoate).
  • additives may be incorporated into the interlayer to enhance its performance in a final product and impart certain additional properties to the interlayer.
  • additives include, but are not limited to, dyes, pigments, stabilizers (e.g., ultraviolet stabilizers), antioxidants, antiblocking agents, flame retardants, IR absorbers or blockers (e.g., indium tin oxide, antimony tin oxide, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ) and cesium tungsten oxide), processing aides, flow enhancing additives, lubricants, impact modifiers, nucleating agents, thermal stabilizers, UV absorbers, dispersants, surfactants, chelating agents, coupling agents, adhesives, primers, reinforcement additives, and fillers, among other additives known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • a range stated to be 0 to 10 is intended to disclose all whole numbers between 0 and 10 such as, for example 1 , 2, 3, 4, etc., all fractional numbers between 0 and 10, for example 1 .5, 2.3, 4.57, 6.1113, etc., and the endpoints 0 and 10.
  • the term “and/or”, when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed by itself, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed.
  • the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination.
  • the core layer of a 10 cm x 10 cm PVB core-skin bi-layer sample was exposed to 10 mL of methanol, by pouring the methanol into the center circular portion of an inverted tripod, for a duration of 5 minutes. After the exposure time, the excess methanol was removed into a container. The exposed core layer was then physically removed by scraping the core off the bi-layer in one fluent movement with a Mure & Peyrot safety scraper with a dull blade. The scraped part then consisted of pure residual skin layer, which could be re-used in the skin layer extrusion. Complete removal of the core layer PVB was obtained: when the surface was characterized with ATR-FTIR, the composition showed it was skin layer PVB.
  • the core layer of a 10 cm x 10 cm PVB core-skin bi-layer sample was exposed to 10 mL of ethanol for a duration of 10 minutes. After the exposure time, the excess ethanol was removed into a container. The exposed core layer was then physically removed by scraping the core off the bi-layer as above. The scraped part then consisted of pure residual skin layer, which could be re-used in the skin layer extrusion. Complete removal of the core layer PVB was obtained: when the surface was characterized with ATR- FTIR, the composition showed it was skin layer PVB.
  • the core layer of a 10 cm x 10 cm PVB core-skin bi-layer sample was exposed to 10 mL of ethyl acetate for a duration of 1 to 5 minutes, after which in each case the film would begin to shrink and wrinkle, making it difficult to scrape. After the exposure time, the excess ethyl acetate was removed into a container. The exposed core layer was now physically removed by scraping the core off the bi-layer as above. Complete removal of the core layer (as was observed in Example 1 and Example 2 with ATR-FTIR analysis) was not possible in this case. The scraped part consisted of partial removed core layer and the skin layer underneath.
  • the core layer of a 10 cm x 10 cm PVB core-skin bi-layer sample was exposed to 10 mL of TEG-EH for a duration of 30 to 60 minutes. After the exposure time, the excess TEG-EH was removed into a container. The exposed core layer was then physically removed by scraping the core off the bi-layer as above. Complete removal of the core layer (as was observed in Example 1 and Example 2 with ATR-FTIR analysis) was not possible in this case. The scraped part consisted of partial removed core layer and the skin layer underneath.
  • the core layer of a 10 cm x 10 cm PVB core-skin bi-layer sample was exposed to 10 mL of TEG-EH for a duration of 15 minutes at 5°C (rather than ambient). After the exposure time, the excess TEG-EH was removed into a container. The exposed core layer was then physically removed by scraping as above. Complete removal of the core layer (as can be observed in Example 1 and Example 2 with ATR-FTIR analysis) was not possible in this case. The scraped part consisted of partial removed core layer and the skin layer underneath.
  • the core layer of a 10 cm x 10 cm PVB core-skin bi-layer sample was exposed to 10 mL of TEG-EH at 200 deg C for a duration of 5 minutes. After the exposure time, the excess TEG-EH was removed into a container. The exposed core layer was then physically removed by scraping the core off the bi-layer as above. Complete removal of the core layer (as can be observed in Example 1 and Example 2 with ATR-FTIR analysis) was not possible in this case. The scraped part consisted of partial removed core layer and the skin layer underneath.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés de séparation d'une couche de polyvinylbutyral souple d'une couche de polyvinylbutyral rigide d'une couche intermédiaire multicouche.
PCT/US2024/047010 2023-09-19 2024-09-17 Procédés et dispositifs chimiques pour la séparation de couches intermédiaires multicouches Pending WO2025064380A1 (fr)

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