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WO2025064294A2 - Signaux de référence pré-compensés en temps ou doppler et données d'assistance et améliorations de rapport associées - Google Patents

Signaux de référence pré-compensés en temps ou doppler et données d'assistance et améliorations de rapport associées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025064294A2
WO2025064294A2 PCT/US2024/046410 US2024046410W WO2025064294A2 WO 2025064294 A2 WO2025064294 A2 WO 2025064294A2 US 2024046410 W US2024046410 W US 2024046410W WO 2025064294 A2 WO2025064294 A2 WO 2025064294A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reference signal
source reference
channel estimation
information corresponding
source
Prior art date
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PCT/US2024/046410
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English (en)
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WO2025064294A3 (fr
Inventor
Alexandros MANOLAKOS
Mukesh Kumar
Chiranjib Saha
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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Publication of WO2025064294A3 publication Critical patent/WO2025064294A3/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0212—Channel estimation of impulse response
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0222—Estimation of channel variability, e.g. coherence bandwidth, coherence time, fading frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0032—Distributed allocation, i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices, each making partial allocation
    • H04L5/0035—Resource allocation in a cooperative multipoint environment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signalling for the administration of the divided path, e.g. signalling of configuration information
    • H04L5/0094—Indication of how sub-channels of the path are allocated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Definitions

  • Wireless communication systems have developed through various generations, including a first-generation analog wireless phone service (1G), a second-generation (2G) digital wireless phone service (including interim 2.5G and 2.75G networks), a third-generation (3G) high speed data, Internet-capable wireless service and a fourth-generation (4G) service (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax).
  • a first-generation analog wireless phone service (1G) 1G
  • a second-generation (2G) digital wireless phone service including interim 2.5G and 2.75G networks
  • 3G third-generation
  • 4G fourth-generation
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • PCS personal communications service
  • Examples of known cellular systems include the cellular analog advanced mobile phone system (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), etc.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • GSM
  • a fifth generation (5G) wireless standard referred to as New Radio (NR)
  • NR New Radio
  • the 5G standard according to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, is designed to provide higher data rates as compared to previous standards, more accurate positioning (e g., based on reference signals for positioning (RS-P), such as downlink, uplink, or sidelink positioning reference signals (PRS)), and other technical enhancements.
  • RS-P reference signals for positioning
  • PRS sidelink positioning reference signals
  • a method of communication performed by a user equipment includes receiving, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and transmitting a measurement report corresponding to the RS-P.
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates a common average delay channel characteristic between the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal.
  • the method includes receiving the first source reference signal; performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; deriving a first average delay based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receiving the second source reference signal; performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; deriving a second averaged delay based at least in part on the second channel estimation and the second information; receiving the RS-P; and performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first average delay and the second average delay.
  • the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates a common delay spread channel characteristic.
  • the method includes receiving the first source reference signal; performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; deriving a first delay spread based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receiving the second source reference signal; performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; deriving a second delay spread based at least in part on the second channel estimation and the second information; receiving the RS-P; and performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first delay spread and the second delay spread.
  • the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates that the second source reference signal has an average delay channel characteristic that has been pre-compensated in the RS-P.
  • the method includes receiving the first source reference signal; performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; deriving a first average delay based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receiving the second source reference signal; performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; refraining from deriving a second average delay associated with the second channel estimation based at least in part on the second information; receiving the RS-P; and performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first average delay.
  • the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates that the second source reference signal has a Doppler shift channel characteristic that has been pre-compensated in the RS-P.
  • the method includes receiving the first source reference signal; performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; deriving a first Doppler shift based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receiving the second source reference signal; performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; refraining from deriving a second Doppler shift associated with the second channel estimation based at least in part on the second information; receiving the RS-P; and performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first Doppler shift.
  • the method includes transmitting, to the positioning server, a request for an on-demand positioning procedure in which the RS-P is quasi co-located with at least two source reference signals from different transmission-reception points (TRPs), wherein the signaling from the positioning server is received responsive to the request.
  • each source reference signal of the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal comprises at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB) resource or a positioning reference signal (PRS).
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • the RS-P comprises at least one of: a positioning reference signal (PRS), a tracking reference signal (TRS), or a channel state information reference signal (CSI- RS).
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • TRS tracking reference signal
  • CSI- RS channel state information reference signal
  • a method of communication performed by a user equipment includes receiving, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device; and receiving at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • the second information corresponding to the reference signal precompensation relationship indicates a time-domain pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with the first source reference signal, the second source reference signal, or both, and the time-domain pre-compensation relationship indicates a time-domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to at least one of the first source reference signal from the first transmitting device or the second source reference signal from the second transmitting device.
  • the method includes performing a first channel estimation with respect to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal; and performing a second channel estimation with respect to the target reference signal by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the time-domain precompensation parameter corresponding to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • the second information corresponding to the reference signal precompensation relationship indicates a time-domain pre-compensation configuration in which the first source reference signal is pre-compensated in the time domain with respect to the second source reference signal.
  • the second information corresponding to the reference signal precompensation relationship indicates a frequency-domain pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with the first source reference signal, the second source reference signal, or both, and the frequency -domain pre-compensation relationship indicates a frequency-domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to at least one of the first source reference signal from the first transmitting device or the second source reference signal from the second transmitting device.
  • the method includes performing a first channel estimation with respect to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal; and performing a second channel estimation with respect to the target reference signal by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the frequencydomain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • the second information corresponding to the reference signal precompensation relationship indicates a frequency-domain pre-compensation configuration in which the first source reference signal is pre-compensated in the frequency domain with respect to the second source reference signal.
  • the signaling further includes third information corresponding to a set of transmitting device, including the first transmitting device and the second transmitting device, and the third information corresponding to the set of transmitting devices indicates that the set of transmitting devices is associated with at least one of a single frequency network (SFN) scheme or a multi-transmission-reception point (multi-TRP) configuration.
  • SFN single frequency network
  • multi-TRP multi-transmission-reception point
  • the signaling further includes fourth information corresponding to a reference signal time difference (RSTD) search window, and the fourth information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates a common uncertainty window for message transmissions corresponding to the set of transmitting devices.
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • the first transmitting device is a first satellite in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and the second transmitting device is a second satellite in the NTN.
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • a user equipment includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers and from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and transmit, via the one or more transceivers, a measurement report corresponding to the RS-P.
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • an UE includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers and from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device; and receive, via the one or more transceivers, at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • a positioning server includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers and from a nextgeneration radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and transmit, via the one or more transceivers, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the RS-P or the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship.
  • NG-RAN nextgeneration radio access network
  • a positioning server includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers and from a nextgeneration radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device; and transmit, via the one or more transceivers, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the target reference signal or the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship.
  • NG-RAN nextgeneration radio access network
  • a user equipment includes means for receiving, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmissionreception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and means for transmitting a measurement report corresponding to the RS-P.
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • an UE includes means for receiving, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device; and means for receiving at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • a positioning server includes means for receiving, from a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the RS-P or the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship.
  • NG-RAN next-generation radio access network
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • a positioning server includes means for receiving, from a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device; and means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the target reference signal or the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship.
  • NG-RAN next-generation radio access network
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: receive, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and transmit a measurement report corresponding to the RS-P.
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by an UE, cause the UE to: receive, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device; and receive at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a positioning server, cause the positioning server to: receive, from a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS- P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and transmit, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the RS-P or the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship.
  • NG-RAN next-generation radio access network
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a positioning server, cause the positioning server to: receive, from a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device; and transmit, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the target reference signal or the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship.
  • NG-RAN next-generation radio access network
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communications system, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C illustrate example wireless network structures, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are simplified block diagrams of several sample aspects of components that may be employed in a user equipment (UE), a base station, and a network entity, respectively, and configured to support communications as taught herein.
  • UE user equipment
  • base station base station
  • network entity network entity
  • FIG. 4 illustrates examples of various positioning methods supported in New Radio (NR), according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example location services procedure, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph representing a radio frequency (RF) channel impulse response over time, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 7A illustrates an example wireless communication system, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 7B illustrates an example quasi-colocation (QCL) relationship with respect to the wireless communication system in the example of FIG. 7A, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • QCL quasi-colocation
  • FIG. 7C illustrates an example channel estimation operation with respect to the QCL relationship in the example of FIG. 7B, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8A illustrates an example wireless communication system, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8B illustrates an example QCL relationship with respect to the wireless communication system in the example of FIG. 8A, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8C illustrates an example channel estimation operation with respect to the QCL relationship in the example of FIG. 8B, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8D illustrates an example implementation of the wireless communication system in the example of FIG. 8A, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 9A illustrates an example QCL relationship with respect to the wireless communication system in the example of FIG. 1, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 9B illustrates an example channel estimation operation with respect to the QCL relationship in the example of FIG. 9A, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an example non-terrestrial network (NTN) system, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • the described techniques can be used to more effectively estimate a channel associated with a target reference signal.
  • the described techniques can enable a UE to determine that a precompensation relationship has been applied by a target reference signal thereby reducing the amount of assistance data that is required to be sent, in accordance with some examples.
  • sequences of actions are described in terms of sequences of actions to be performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It will be recognized that various actions described herein can be performed by specific circuits (e.g., application specific integrated circuits (ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequence(s) of actions described herein can be considered to be embodied entirely within any form of non- transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored therein a corresponding set of computer instructions that, upon execution, would cause or instruct an associated processor of a device to perform the functionality described herein.
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • a UE may be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset locating device, wearable (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) I virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (loT) device, etc.) used by a user to communicate over a wireless communications network.
  • a UE may be mobile or may (e.g., at certain times) be stationary, and may communicate with a radio access network (RAN).
  • RAN radio access network
  • the term “UE” may be referred to interchangeably as an “access terminal” or “AT,” a “client device,” a “wireless device,” a “subscriber device,” a “subscriber terminal,” a “subscriber station,” a “user terminal” or “UT,” a “mobile device,” a “mobile terminal,” a “mobile station,” or variations thereof.
  • AT access terminal
  • client device a “wireless device”
  • subscriber device a “subscriber terminal”
  • a “subscriber station” a “user terminal” or “UT”
  • UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can be connected with external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • a base station may operate according to one of several RATs in communication with UEs depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may be alternatively referred to as an access point (AP), a network node, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a New Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc.
  • AP access point
  • eNB evolved NodeB
  • ng-eNB next generation eNB
  • NR New Radio
  • a base station may be used primarily to support wireless access by UEs, including supporting data, voice, and/or signaling connections for the supported UEs.
  • a base station may provide purely edge node signaling functions while in other systems it may provide additional control and/or network management functions.
  • a communication link through which UEs can send signals to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc ).
  • a communication link through which the base station can send signals to UEs is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.).
  • DL downlink
  • forward link channel e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.
  • traffic channel can refer to either an uplink / reverse or downlink I forward traffic channel.
  • the physical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station).
  • DAS distributed antenna system
  • RRH remote radio head
  • the non-co-located physical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signals the UE is measuring.
  • RF radio frequency
  • a base station may not support wireless access by UEs (e.g., may not support data, voice, and/or signaling connections for UEs), but may instead transmit reference signals to UEs to be measured by the UEs, and/or may receive and measure signals transmitted by the UEs.
  • a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals to UEs) and/or as a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving and measuring signals from UEs).
  • An “RF signal” comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transports information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver.
  • a transmitter may transmit a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver.
  • the receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels.
  • the same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal.
  • an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal” where it is clear from the context that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communications system 100, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the wireless communications system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 (labeled “BS”) and various UEs 104.
  • the base stations 102 may include macro cell base stations (high power cellular base stations) and/or small cell base stations (low power cellular base stations).
  • the macro cell base stations may include eNBs and/or ng-eNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to an LTE network, or gNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to a NR network, or a combination of both, and the small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.
  • the base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) through backhaul links 122, and through the core network 170 to one or more location servers 172 (e.g., a location management function (LMF) or a secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP)).
  • the location server(s) 172 may be part of core network 170 or may be external to core network 170.
  • a location server 172 may be integrated with a base station 102.
  • a UE 104 may communicate with a location server 172 directly or indirectly.
  • a UE 104 may communicate with a location server 172 via the base station 102 that is currently serving that UE 104.
  • a UE 104 may also communicate with a location server 172 through another path, such as via an application server (not shown), via another network, such as via a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) (e.g., AP 150 described below), and so on.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • AP access point
  • communication between a UE 104 and a location server 172 may be represented as an indirect connection (e.g., through the core network 170, etc.) or a direct connection (e.g., as shown via direct connection 128), with the intervening nodes (if any) omitted from a signaling diagram for clarity.
  • the base stations 102 may perform functions that relate to one or more of transferring user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages.
  • the base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC I 5GC) over backhaul links 134, which may be wired or wireless.
  • different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC), narrowband loT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access for different types of UEs.
  • MTC machine-type communication
  • NB-IoT narrowband loT
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • a cell may refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it, depending on the context.
  • TRP is typically the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms “cell” and “TRP” may be used interchangeably.
  • the term “cell” may also refer to a geographic coverage area of a base station (e.g., a sector), insofar as a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within some portion of geographic coverage areas 110.
  • a base station e.g., a sector
  • some of the geographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially overlapped by a larger geographic coverage area 110.
  • a small cell base station 102' (labeled “SC” for “small cell”) may have a geographic coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the geographic coverage area 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102.
  • a network that includes both small cell and macro cell base stations may be known as a heterogeneous network.
  • a heterogeneous network may also include home eNBs (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG).
  • HeNBs home eNBs
  • the communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104.
  • the communication links 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity.
  • the communication links 120 may be through one or more carrier frequencies. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to downlink and uplink (e.g., more or less carriers may be allocated for downlink than for uplink).
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150 in communication with WLAN stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in an unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz).
  • WLAN STAs 152 and/or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedure prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
  • CCA clear channel assessment
  • LBT listen before talk
  • the small cell base station 102' may operate in a licensed and/or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell base station 102' may employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102', employing LTE / 5G in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and/or increase capacity of the access network.
  • NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U.
  • LTE in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA), or MULTEFIRE®.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180 that may operate in mmW frequencies and/or near mmW frequencies in communication with a UE 182.
  • Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as a millimeter wave.
  • Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters.
  • the super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave.
  • the mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and/or receive) over a mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range.
  • one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed to limit the various aspects disclosed herein.
  • Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing an RF signal in a specific direction.
  • a network node e.g., a base station
  • broadcasts an RF signal it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omni-directionally).
  • the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal for the receiving device(s).
  • a network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters that are broadcasting the RF signal.
  • a network node may use an array of antennas (referred to as a “phased array” or an “antenna array”) that creates a beam of RF waves that can be “steered” to point in different directions, without actually moving the antennas.
  • the RF current from the transmitter is fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that the radio waves from the separate antennas add together to increase the radiation in a desired direction, while cancelling to suppress radiation in undesired directions.
  • Transmit beams may be quasi-co-located, meaning that they appear to the receiver (e g., a UE) as having the same parameters, regardless of whether or not the transmitting antennas of the network node themselves are physically co-located.
  • the receiver e g., a UE
  • QCL relation of a given type means that certain parameters about a second reference RF signal on a second beam can be derived from information about a source reference RF signal on a source beam.
  • the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.
  • the source reference RF signal is QCL Type B
  • the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.
  • the source reference RF signal is QCL Type C
  • the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.
  • the source reference RF signal is QCL Type D
  • the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial receive parameter of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.
  • the receiver uses a receive beam to amplify RF signals detected on a given channel.
  • the receiver can increase the gain setting and/or adjust the phase setting of an array of antennas in a particular direction to amplify (e.g., to increase the gain level of) the RF signals received from that direction.
  • a receiver is said to beamform in a certain direction, it means the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain in that direction of all other receive beams available to the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signals received from that direction.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • RSRQ reference signal received quality
  • SINR signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio
  • Transmit and receive beams may be spatially related.
  • a spatial relation means that parameters for a second beam (e.g., a transmit or receive beam) for a second reference signal can be derived from information about a first beam (e.g., a receive beam or a transmit beam) for a first reference signal.
  • a UE may use a particular receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (DL-RS) (e.g., SSB) from a base station.
  • DL-RS reference downlink reference signal
  • the UE can then form a transmit beam for sending an uplink reference signal (e.g., sounding reference signal (SRS)) to that base station based on the parameters of the receive beam.
  • DL-RS reference downlink reference signal
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • a “downlink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming the downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, the downlink beam is a transmit beam. If the UE is forming the downlink beam, however, it is a receive beam to receive the DL-RS.
  • an “uplink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink receive beam, and if a UE is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink transmit beam.
  • FR1 frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles.
  • FR2 which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) which is identified by the INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION® as a “millimeter wave” band.
  • EHF extremely high frequency
  • FR3 7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz
  • FR3 7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz
  • Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and/or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and/or FR2 into mid-band frequencies.
  • higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz.
  • FR4a or FR4-1 52.6 GHz - 71 GHz
  • FR4 52.6 GHz - 114.25 GHz
  • FR5 114.25 GHz - 300 GHz.
  • Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.
  • sub-6 GHz or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies.
  • millimeter wave or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and/or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.
  • the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by a UE 104/182 and the cell in which the UE 104/182 either performs the initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates the RRC connection re-establishment procedure.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels, and may be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case).
  • a secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that may be configured once the RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier and that may be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier may be a earner in an unlicensed frequency.
  • the secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, those that are UE-specific may not be present in the secondary carrier, since both primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE- specific. This means that different UEs 104/182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers.
  • the network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104/182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Because a “serving cell” (whether a PCell or an SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency I component carrier over which some base station is communicating, the term “cell,” “serving cell,” “component earner,” “earner frequency,” and the like can be used interchangeably.
  • one of the frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 may be an anchor carrier (or “PCell”) and other frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 and/or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers (“SCells”).
  • PCell anchor carrier
  • SCells secondary carriers
  • the simultaneous transmission and/or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104/182 to significantly increase its data transmission and/or reception rates.
  • two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically lead to a two-fold increase in data rate (i.e., 40 MHz), compared to that attained by a single 20 MHz carrier.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include a UE 164 that may communicate with a macro cell base station 102 over a communication link 120 and/or the mmW base station 180 over a mmW communication link 184.
  • the macro cell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164 and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.
  • the UE 164 and the UE 182 may be capable of sidelink communication.
  • Sidelink-capable UEs may communicate with base stations 102 over communication links 120 using the Uu interface (i.e., the air interface between a UE and a base station).
  • SL-UEs e.g., UE 164, UE 182
  • a wireless sidelink (or just “sidelink”) is an adaptation of the core cellular (e g., LTE, NR) standard that allows direct communication between two or more UEs without the communication needing to go through a base station.
  • Sidelink communication may be unicast or multicast, and may be used for device-to-device (D2D) media-sharing, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-every thing (V2X) communication (e.g., cellular V2X (cV2X) communication, enhanced V2X (eV2X) communication, etc.), emergency rescue applications, etc.
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
  • V2X vehicle-to-every thing
  • cV2X cellular V2X
  • eV2X enhanced V2X
  • emergency rescue applications etc.
  • One or more of a group of SL- UEs utilizing sidelink communications may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 102.
  • Other SL-UEs in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 102 or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station 102.
  • groups of SL-UEs communicating via sidelink communications may utilize a one-to-many (1 :M) system in which each SL-UE transmits to every other SL-UE in the group.
  • a base station 102 facilitates the scheduling of resources for sidelink communications.
  • sidelink communications are carried out between SL-UEs without the involvement of a base station 102.
  • the sidelink 160 may operate over a wireless communication medium of interest, which may be shared with other wireless communications between other vehicles and/or infrastructure access points, as well as other RATs.
  • a “medium” may be composed of one or more time, frequency, and/or space communication resources (e.g., encompassing one or more channels across one or more carriers) associated with wireless communication between one or more transmitter / receiver pairs.
  • the medium of interest may correspond to at least a portion of an unlicensed frequency band shared among various RATs.
  • FIG. 1 only illustrates two of the UEs as SL-UEs (i.e., UEs 164 and 182), any of the illustrated UEs may be SL-UEs.
  • UE 182 was described as being capable of beamforming, any of the illustrated UEs, including UE 164, may be capable of beamforming.
  • SL-UEs are capable of beamforming, they may beamform towards each other (i.e., towards other SL-UEs), towards other UEs (e.g., UEs 104), towards base stations (e.g., base stations 102, 180, small cell 102’, access point 150), etc.
  • UEs 164 and 182 may utilize beamforming over sidelink 160.
  • any of the illustrated UEs may receive signals 124 from one or more Earth orbiting space vehicles (SVs) 112 (e.g., satellites).
  • SVs Earth orbiting space vehicles
  • the SVs 112 may be part of a satellite positioning system that a UE 104 can use as an independent source of location information.
  • a satellite positioning system typically includes a system of transmitters (e.g., SVs 112) positioned to enable receivers (e.g., UEs 104) to determine their location on or above the Earth based, at least in part, on positioning signals (e.g., signals 124) received from the transmitters.
  • Such a transmitter typically transmits a signal marked with a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code of a set number of chips. While typically located in SVs 112, transmitters may sometimes be located on ground-based control stations, base stations 102, and/or other UEs 104.
  • a UE 104 may include one or more dedicated receivers specifically designed to receive signals 124 for deriving geo location information from the S Vs 112.
  • a satellite positioning system the use of signals 124 can be augmented by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) that may be associated with or otherwise enabled for use with one or more global and/or regional navigation satellite systems.
  • SBAS satellite-based augmentation systems
  • an SBAS may include an augmentation system(s) that provides integrity information, differential corrections, etc., such as the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), the Multifunctional Satellite Augmentation System (MS AS), the Global Positioning System (GPS) Aided Geo Augmented Navigation or GPS and Geo Augmented Navigation system (GAGAN), and/or the like.
  • WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System
  • EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
  • MS AS Multifunctional Satellite Augmentation System
  • GPS Global Positioning System Aided Geo Augmented Navigation or GPS and Geo Augmented Navigation system
  • GAN Global Positioning System
  • a satellite positioning system may include any combination of one or more global and/or regional navigation satellites associated with such one
  • SVs 112 may additionally or alternatively be part of one or more nonterrestrial networks (NTNs).
  • NTN nonterrestrial networks
  • an SV 112 is connected to an earth stab on (also referred to as a ground station, NTN gateway, or gateway), which in turn is connected to an element in a 5G network, such as a modified base station 102 (without a terrestrial antenna) or a network node in a 5GC.
  • This element would in turn provide access to other elements in the 5G network and ultimately to entities external to the 5G network, such as Internet web servers and other user devices.
  • a UE 104 may receive communication signals (e.g., signals 124) from an SV 112 instead of, or in addition to, communication signals from a terrestrial base station 102.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, that connects indirectly to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “sidelinks”).
  • D2D device-to-device
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • sidelinks referred to as “sidelinks”.
  • UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of the UEs 104 connected to one of the base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain cellular connectivity) and a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN ST A 152 connected to the WLAN AP 150 (through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity).
  • FIG. 2A illustrates an example wireless network structure 200.
  • a 5GC 210 also referred to as a Next Generation Core (NGC)
  • C-plane control plane
  • U-plane user plane
  • NG-U User plane interface
  • NG-C control plane interface
  • ng-eNB 224 may also be connected to the 5GC 210 via NG-C 215 to the control plane functions 214 and NG-U 213 to user plane functions 212.
  • ng-eNB 224 may directly communicate with gNB 222 via a backhaul connection 223.
  • a Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) 220 may have one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNBs 224 and gNBs 222. Either (or both) gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).
  • a location server 230 which may be in communication with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance for UE(s) 204.
  • the location server 230 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a single server.
  • the location server 230 can be configured to support one or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to the location server 230 via the core network, 5GC 210, and/or via the Internet (not illustrated). Further, the location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively may be external to the core network (e.g., a third party server, such as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or service server).
  • OEM original equipment manufacturer
  • FIG. 2B illustrates another example wireless network structure 240.
  • a 5GC 260 (which may correspond to 5GC 210 in FIG. 2A) can be viewed functionally as control plane functions, provided by an access and mobility management function (AMF) 264, and user plane functions, provided by a user plane function (UPF) 262, which operate cooperatively to form the core network (i.e. , 5GC 260).
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • UPF user plane function
  • the functions of the AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transport for session management (SM) messages between one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs descnbed herein) and a session management function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy services for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transport for short message service (SMS) messages between the UE 204 and the short message service function (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor functionality (SEAF).
  • the AMF 264 also interacts with an authentication server function (AUSF) (not shown) and the UE 204, and receives the intermediate key that was established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process.
  • AUSF authentication server function
  • the AMF 264 retrieves the security material from the AUSF.
  • the functions of the AMF 264 also include security context management (SCM).
  • SCM receives a key from the SEAF that it uses to derive access-network specific keys.
  • the functionality of the AMF 264 also includes location services management for regulatory services, transport for location services messages between the UE 204 and a location management function (LMF) 270 (which acts as a location server 230), transport for location services messages between the NG-RAN 220 and the LMF 270, evolved packet system (EPS) bearer identifier allocation for interworking with the EPS, and UE 204 mobility event notification.
  • LMF location management function
  • EPS evolved packet system
  • the AMF 264 also supports functionalities for non-3GPP® (Third Generation Partnership Project) access networks.
  • [OHl] Functions of the UPF 262 include acting as an anchor point for intra/inter-RAT mobility (when applicable), acting as an external protocol data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., uplink/ downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (service data flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding of one or more “end markers” to the source RAN node.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the UPF 262 may also support transfer of location services messages over a user plane between the UE 204 and a location server, such as an SLP 272.
  • the functions of the SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering at the UPF 262 to route traffic to the proper destination, control of part of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • the interface over which the SMF 266 communicates with the AMF 264 is referred to as the Ni l interface.
  • Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270, which may be in communication with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance for UEs 204.
  • the LMF 270 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a single server.
  • the LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to the LMF 270 via the core network, 5GC 260, and/or via the Internet (not illustrated).
  • the SLP 272 may support similar functions to the LMF 270, but whereas the LMF 270 may communicate with the AMF 264, NG-RAN 220, and UEs 204 over a control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols intended to convey signaling messages and not voice or data), the SLP 272 may communicate with UEs 204 and external clients (e.g., third-party server 274) over a user plane (e.g., using protocols intended to carry voice and/or data like the transmission control protocol (TCP) and/or IP).
  • TCP transmission control protocol
  • Yet another optional aspect may include a third-party server 274, which may be in communication with the LMF 270, the SLP 272, the 5GC 260 (e.g., via the AMF 264 and/or the UPF 262), the NG-RAN 220, and/or the UE 204 to obtain location information (e.g., a location estimate) for the UE 204.
  • the third-party server 274 may be referred to as a location services (LCS) client or an external client.
  • the third- party server 274 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a single server.
  • User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect the 5GC 260, and specifically the UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively, to one or more gNBs 222 and/or ng-eNBs 224 in the NG-RAN 220.
  • the interface between gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 and the AMF 264 is referred to as the “N2” interface
  • the interface between gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 and the UPF 262 is referred to as the “N3” interface.
  • the gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 of the NG-RAN 220 may communicate directly with each other via backhaul connections 223, referred to as the “Xn-C” interface.
  • One or more of gNBs 222 and/or ng-eNBs 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 over a wireless interface, referred to as the “Uu” interface.
  • a gNB 222 may be divided between a gNB central unit (gNB-CU) 226, one or more gNB distributed units (gNB-DUs) 228, and one or more gNB radio units (gNB-RUs) 229.
  • gNB-CU 226 is a logical node that includes the base station functions of transferring user data, mobility control, radio access network sharing, positioning, session management, and the like, except for those functions allocated exclusively to the gNB-DU(s) 228. More specifically, the gNB-CU 226 generally host the radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB 222.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • SDAP service data adaptation protocol
  • PDCP packet data convergence protocol
  • a gNB-DU 228 is a logical node that generally hosts the radio link control (RLC) and medium access control (MAC) layer of the gNB 222. Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226.
  • One gNB-DU 228 can support one or more cells, and one cell is supported by only one gNB-DU 228.
  • the interface 232 between the gNB-CU 226 and the one or more gNB-DUs 228 is referred to as the “Fl” interface.
  • the physical (PHY) layer functionality of a gNB 222 is generally hosted by one or more standalone gNB-RUs 229 that perform functions such as power amplification and signal transmission/reception.
  • a UE 204 communicates with the gNB-CU 226 via the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP layers, with a gNB-DU 228 via the RLC and MAC layers, and with a gNB-RU 229 via the PHY layer.
  • a network node a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station, or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture.
  • a base station such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR base station, 5G NB, AP, TRP, cell, etc.
  • NB Node B
  • eNB evolved NB
  • 5G NB 5G NB
  • AP TRP
  • cell cell
  • An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node.
  • a disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).
  • CUs central or centralized units
  • DUs distributed units
  • RUs radio units
  • a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes.
  • the DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs.
  • Each of the CU, DU and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).
  • VCU virtual central unit
  • VDU virtual distributed unit
  • VRU virtual radio unit
  • Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality.
  • disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (0-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the 0-RAN ALLIANCE®)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C- RAN)).
  • IAB integrated access backhaul
  • 0-RAN such as the network configuration sponsored by the 0-RAN ALLIANCE®
  • vRAN also known as a cloud radio access network (C- RAN)
  • Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design.
  • the various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.
  • FIG. 2C illustrates an example disaggregated base station architecture 250, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the disaggregated base station architecture 250 may include one or more central units (CUs) 280 (e.g., gNB-CU 226) that can communicate directly with a core network 267 (e.g., 5GC 210, 5 GC 260) via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 267 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 259 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 257 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 255, or both).
  • CUs central units
  • Each of the units may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
  • Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium.
  • the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a RF transceiver), configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • the CU 280 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include RRC, PDCP, service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 280.
  • the CU 280 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - User Plane (CU- UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof.
  • the CU 280 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units.
  • the CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the El interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration.
  • the CU 280 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 285, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
  • the DU 285 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 287.
  • the DU 285 may host one or more of a RLC layer, a MAC layer, and one or more high PHY layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®).
  • the DU 285 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 285, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 280.
  • Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 287.
  • an RU 287 controlled by a DU 285, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like), or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split.
  • the RU(s) 287 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 204.
  • OTA over the air
  • real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s) 287 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 285.
  • this configuration can enable the DU(s) 285 and the CU 280 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
  • the SMO Framework 255 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements.
  • the SMO Framework 255 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an 01 interface).
  • the SMO Framework 255 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 269) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an 02 interface).
  • a cloud computing platform such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 269) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an 02 interface).
  • Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 280, DUs 285, RUs 287 and Near-RT RICs 259.
  • the SMO Framework 255 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 261, via an 01 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 255 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 287 via an 01 interface.
  • the SMO Framework 255 also may include aNon-RT RIC 257 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 255. [0126]
  • the Non-RT RIC 257 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non- real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications/features in the Near-RT RIC 259.
  • AI/ML artificial intelligence/machine learning
  • the Non-RT RIC 257 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an Al interface) the Near- RT RIC 259.
  • the Near-RT RIC 259 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 280, one or more DUs 285, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 259.
  • the Non-RT RIC 257 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 259 and may be received at the SMO Framework 255 or the Non-RT RIC 257 from non-network data sources or from network functions.
  • the Non-RT RIC 257 or the Near-RT RIC 259 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance.
  • the Non-RT RIC 257 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI/ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 255 (such as reconfiguration via 01) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as Al policies).
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate several example components (represented by corresponding blocks) that may be incorporated into a UE 304 (which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein), a base station 302 (which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein), and a network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any of the network functions described herein, including the location server 230 and the LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent from the NG-RAN 220 and/or 5GC 210/260 infrastructure depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B, such as a private network) to support the operations described herein.
  • a UE 304 which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein
  • a base station 302 which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein
  • a network entity 306 which may correspond to or embody any of the network functions described herein, including the location server 230 and the LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent from the NG-RAN 220 and/or
  • these components may be implemented in different types of apparatuses in different implementations (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system-on-chip (SoC), etc.).
  • the illustrated components may also be incorporated into other apparatuses in a communication system.
  • other apparatuses in a system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality.
  • a given apparatus may contain one or more of the components.
  • an apparatus may include multiple transceiver components that enable the apparatus to operate on multiple carriers and/or communicate via different technologies.
  • the UE 304 and the base station 302 each include one or more wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refraining from transmitting, etc.) via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown), such as an NR network, an LTE network, a GSM network, and/or the like.
  • WWAN wireless wide area network
  • the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs), etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., some set of time/frequency resources in a particular frequency spectrum).
  • a wireless communication medium of interest e.g., some set of time/frequency resources in a particular frequency spectrum.
  • the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT.
  • the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314 and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.
  • the UE 304 and the base station 302 each also include, at least in some cases, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360, respectively.
  • the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refraining from transmitting, etc.) with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., Wi-Fi, LTE Direct, BLUETOOTH®, ZIGBEE®, Z-WAVE®, PC5, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), wireless access for vehicular environments (WAVE), near-field communication (NFC), ultra- wideband (UWB), etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest.
  • RAT e.g., Wi-Fi, LTE Direct, BLUETOOTH®, ZIGBEE®, Z
  • the short- range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT.
  • the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 include one or more transmitters 324 and 364, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively.
  • the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be Wi-Fi transceivers, BLUETOOTH® transceivers, ZIGBEE® and/or Z-WAVE® transceivers, NFC transceivers, UWB transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and/or vehicle-to- everything (V2X) transceivers.
  • Wi-Fi transceivers BLUETOOTH® transceivers, ZIGBEE® and/or Z-WAVE® transceivers, NFC transceivers, UWB transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and/or vehicle-to- everything (V2X) transceivers.
  • the UE 304 and the base station 302 also include, at least in some cases, satellite signal receivers 330 and 370.
  • the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and may provide means for receiving and/or measuring satellite positioning/ communi cation signals 338 and 378, respectively.
  • the satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378 may be global positioning system (GPS) signals, global navigation satellite system (GLONASS®) signals, Galileo signals, Beidou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), QuasiZenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • GLONASS® global navigation satellite system
  • Galileo signals Beidou signals
  • Beidou signals Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
  • NAVIC Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
  • QZSS QuasiZenith Satellite System
  • the satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378 may be communication signals (e.g., carrying control and/or user data) originating from a 5G network.
  • the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may comprise any suitable hardware and/or software for receiving and processing satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378, respectively.
  • the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may request information and operations as appropriate from the other systems, and, at least in some cases, perform calculations to determine locations of the UE 304 and the base station 302, respectively, using measurements obtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm.
  • the base station 302 and the network entity 306 each include one or more network transceivers 390, respectively, providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmiting, means for receiving, etc.) with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 302, other network entities 306).
  • the base station 302 may employ the one or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other base stations 302 or network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links.
  • the network entity 306 may employ the one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or more base station 302 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, or with other network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless core network interfaces.
  • a transceiver may be configured to communicate over a wired or wireless link.
  • a transceiver (whether a wired transceiver or a wireless transceiver) includes transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) and receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362).
  • a transceiver may be an integrated device (e.g., embodying transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry in a single device) in some implementations, may comprise separate transmitter circuitry and separate receiver circuitry in some implementations, or may be embodied in other ways in other implementations.
  • the transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry of a wired transceiver may be coupled to one or more wired network interface ports.
  • Wireless transmitter circuitry e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364
  • wireless receiver circuitry may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that permits the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 304, base station 302) to perform receive beamforming, as described herein.
  • the transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry may share the same plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the respective apparatus can only receive or transmit at a given time, not both at the same time.
  • a wireless transceiver e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360
  • NLM network listen module
  • the various wireless transceivers e.g., transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, and network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations
  • wired transceivers e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations
  • a transceiver at least one transceiver
  • wired transceivers may generally be characterized as “a transceiver,” “at least one transceiver,” or “one or more transceivers ”
  • whether a particular transceiver is a wired or wireless transceiver may be inferred from the type of communication performed.
  • backhaul communication between network devices or servers will generally relate to signaling via a wired transceiver
  • wireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 304) and a base station (e.g., base station 302) will generally relate to signaling via a wireless transceiver.
  • the UE 304, the base station 302, and the network entity 306 also include other components that may be used in conjunction with the operations as disclosed herein.
  • the UE 304, the base station 302, and the network entity 306 include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, for providing functionality relating to, for example, wireless communication, and for providing other processing functionality.
  • the processors 332, 384, and 394 may therefore provide means for processing, such as means for determining, means for calculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, means for indicating, etc.
  • processors 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general purpose processors, multi-core processors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuitry, or various combinations thereof.
  • the UE 304, the base station 302, and the network entity 306 include memory circuitry implementing memories 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device), respectively, for maintaining information (e.g., information indicative of reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, and so on).
  • the memories 340, 386, and 396 may therefore provide means for storing, means for retrieving, means for maintaining, etc.
  • the UE 304, the base station 302, and the network entity 306 may include positioning and QCL component 342, 388, and 398, respectively.
  • the positioning and QCL component 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuits that are part of or coupled to the processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, that, when executed, cause the UE 304, the base station 302, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein.
  • the positioning and QCL component 342, 388, and 398 may be external to the processors 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.).
  • the positioning and QCL component 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in the memories 340, 386, and 396, respectively, that, when executed by the processors 332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), cause the UE 304, the base station 302, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates possible locations of the positioning and QCL component 342, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the memory 340, the one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates possible locations of the positioning and QCL component 342, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the memory 340, the one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
  • FIG. 3B illustrates possible locations of the positioning and QCL component 388, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 350, the memory 386, the one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
  • FIG. 3C illustrates possible locations of the positioning and QCL component 398, which may be, for example, part of the one or more network transceivers 390, the memory 396, the one or more processors 394, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
  • the UE 304 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to the one or more processors 332 to provide means for sensing or detecting movement and/or orientation information that is independent of motion data derived from signals received by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and/or the satellite signal receiver 330.
  • the sensor(s) 344 may include an accelerometer (e.g., a micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), an altimeter (e.g., a barometric pressure altimeter), and/or any other type of movement detection sensor.
  • MEMS micro-electrical mechanical systems
  • the senor(s) 344 may include a plurality of different types of devices and combine their outputs in order to provide motion information.
  • the sensor(s) 344 may use a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and orientation sensors to provide the ability to compute positions in two-dimensional (2D) and/or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.
  • the UE 304 includes a user interface 346 providing means for providing indications (e.g., audible and/or visual indications) to a user and/or for receiving user input (e.g., upon user actuation of a sensing device such a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, and so on).
  • a user interface 346 providing means for providing indications (e.g., audible and/or visual indications) to a user and/or for receiving user input (e.g., upon user actuation of a sensing device such a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, and so on).
  • the base station 302 and the network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.
  • IP packets from the network entity 306 may be provided to the processor 384.
  • the one or more processors 384 may implement functionality for an RRC layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer.
  • the one or more processors 384 may provide RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., master information block (MIB), system information blocks (SIBs)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting;
  • PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression/decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions;
  • RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and
  • the transmitter 354 and the receiver 352 may implement Layer-1 (LI) functionality associated with various signal processing functions.
  • Layer-1 which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation/demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing.
  • FEC forward error correction
  • the transmitter 354 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)).
  • BPSK binary phase-shift keying
  • QPSK quadrature phase-shift keying
  • M-PSK M-phase-shift keying
  • M-QAM M-quadrature amplitude modulation
  • the receiver 312 receives a signal through its respective antenna(s) 316.
  • the receiver 312 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors 332.
  • the transmitter 314 and the receiver 312 implement Layer-1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions.
  • the receiver 312 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 304. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 304, they may be combined by the receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream.
  • the receiver 312 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT).
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • the symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 302. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by a channel estimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and de-interleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 302 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the one or more processors 332, which implements Layer-3 (L3) and Layer-2 (L2) functionality.
  • L3 Layer-3
  • L2 Layer-2
  • the one or more processors 332 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the core network.
  • the one or more processors 332 are also responsible for error detection.
  • the one or more processors 332 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression/decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
  • RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting
  • Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 302 may be used by the transmitter 314 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing.
  • the spatial streams generated by the transmitter 314 may be provided to different antenna(s) 316.
  • the transmitter 314 may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
  • the uplink transmission is processed at the base station 302 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 304.
  • the receiver 352 receives a signal through its respective antenna(s) 356.
  • the receiver 352 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors 384.
  • the one or more processors 384 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 304. IP packets from the one or more processors 384 may be provided to the core network. The one or more processors 384 are also responsible for error detection.
  • the UE 304, the base station 302, and/or the network entity 306 are shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C as including various components that may be configured according to the various examples described herein. It will be appreciated, however, that the illustrated components may have different functionality in different designs. In particular, various components in FIGS. 3A to 3C are optional in alternative configurations and the various aspects include configurations that may vary due to design choice, costs, use of the device, or other considerations. For example, in case of FIG.
  • a particular implementation of UE 304 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 310 (e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or personal computer (PC) or laptop may have Wi-Fi and/or BLUETOOTH® capability without cellular capability), or may omit the short- range wireless transceiver(s) 320 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit the satellite signal receiver 330, or may omit the sensor(s) 344, and so on.
  • WWAN transceiver(s) 310 e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or personal computer (PC) or laptop may have Wi-Fi and/or BLUETOOTH® capability without cellular capability
  • the short- range wireless transceiver(s) 320 e.g., cellular-only, etc.
  • satellite signal receiver 330 e.g., cellular-only, etc.
  • a particular implementation of the base station 302 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi “hotspot” access point without cellular capability), or may omit the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 360 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit the satellite signal receiver 370, and so on.
  • WWAN transceiver(s) 350 e.g., a Wi-Fi “hotspot” access point without cellular capability
  • the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 360 e.g., cellular-only, etc.
  • satellite signal receiver 370 e.g., satellite signal receiver
  • a UE measures the differences between the times of arrival (To As) of reference signals (e.g., PRS) received from pairs of base stations, referred to as RSTD or time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements, and reports them to a positioning entity. More specifically, the UE receives the identifiers (IDs) of a reference base station (e.g., a serving base station) and multiple non-reference base stations in assistance data. The UE then measures the RSTD between the reference base station and each of the non-reference base stations. Based on the known locations of the involved base stations and the RSTD measurements, the positioning entity (e.g., the UE for UE-based positioning or a location server for UE-assisted positioning) can estimate the UE’s location.
  • the positioning entity e.g., the UE for UE-based positioning or a location server for UE-assisted positioning
  • Downlink-and-uplink-based positioning methods include enhanced cell-ID (E-CID) positioning and multi-round-trip-time (RTT) positioning (also referred to as “multi-cell RTT” and “multi-RTT”).
  • E-CID enhanced cell-ID
  • RTT multi-round-trip-time
  • a first entity e.g., a base station or a UE
  • a second entity e.g., a UE or base station
  • a second RTT-related signal e.g., an SRS or PRS
  • one entity may send its Rx-Tx time difference measurement to the other entity, which then calculates the RTT.
  • the distance between the two entities can be determined from the RTT and the known signal speed (e.g., the speed of light).
  • a first entity e.g., a UE or base station
  • multiple second entities e.g., multiple base stations or UEs
  • RTT and multi-RTT methods can be combined with other positioning techniques, such as UL-AoA and DL-AoD, to improve location accuracy, as illustrated by scenario 440.
  • a location server may provide assistance data to the UE.
  • the assistance data may include identifiers of the base stations (or the cells/TRPs of the base stations) from which to measure reference signals, the reference signal configuration parameters (e.g., the number of consecutive slots including PRS, periodicity of the consecutive slots including PRS, muting sequence, frequency hopping sequence, reference signal identifier, reference signal bandwidth, etc ), and/or other parameters applicable to the particular positioning method.
  • the assistance data may originate directly from the base stations themselves (e.g., in periodically broadcasted overhead messages, etc.).
  • the UE may be able to detect neighbor network nodes itself without the use of assistance data.
  • the assistance data may further include an expected RSTD value and an associated uncertainty, or search window, around the expected RSTD.
  • the value range of the expected RSTD may be +/- 500 microseconds (ps).
  • the value range for the uncertainty of the expected RSTD may be +/- 32 ps.
  • the value range for the uncertainty of the expected RSTD may be +/- 8 ps.
  • a location estimate may be referred to by other names, such as a position estimate, location, position, position fix, fix, or the like.
  • a location estimate may be geodetic and comprise coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude) or may be civic and comprise a street address, postal address, or some other verbal description of a location.
  • a location estimate may further be defined relative to some other known location or defined in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude).
  • a location estimate may include an expected error or uncertainty (e.g., by including an area or volume within which the location is expected to be included with some specified or default level of confidence).
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example location services procedure 500, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the location services procedure 500 may be performed by a UE 204, an NG- RAN node 502 (e.g., gNB 222, gNB-CU 226, ng-eNB 224, or other node in the NG-RAN 220) in the NG-RAN 220, an AMF 264, an LMF 270, and a 5GC location services (LCS) entity 580 (e.g., any third-party application requesting the UE’s 204 location, a public service access point (PSAP), an E-911 server, etc.).
  • PSAP public service access point
  • a location services request to obtain the location of a target may be initiated by a 5GC LCS entity 580, the AMF 264 serving the UE 204, or the UE 204 itself.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates these options as stages 510a, 510b, and 510c, respectively.
  • a 5GC LCS entity 580 sends a location services request to the AMF 264.
  • the AMF 264 generates a location services request itself.
  • the UE 204 sends a location services request to the AMF 264.
  • the AMF 264 forwards the location services request to the LMF 270 at stage 520.
  • the LMF 270 then performs NG- RAN positioning procedures with the NG-RAN node 502 at stage 530a and UE positioning procedures with the UE 204 at stage 530b.
  • the specific NG-RAN positioning procedures and UE positioning procedures may depend on the type(s) of positioning method(s) used to locate the UE 204, which may depend on the capabilities of the UE 204.
  • the positioning method(s) may be downlink-based (e.g., LTE-OTDOA, DL-TDOA, DL-AoD, etc.), uplink-based (e.g., UL-TDOA, UL-AoA, etc.), and/or downlink-and- uplink-based (e.g., LTE/NR E-CID, multi-RTT, etc.).
  • downlink-based e.g., LTE-OTDOA, DL-TDOA, DL-AoD, etc.
  • uplink-based e.g., UL-TDOA, UL-AoA, etc.
  • downlink-and- uplink-based e.g., LTE/NR E-CID, multi-RTT, etc.
  • the NG-RAN positioning procedures and UE positioning procedures may utilize LTE positioning protocol (LPP) signaling between the UE 204 and the LMF 270 and LPP type A (LPPa) or New Radio positioning protocol type A (NRPPa) signaling between the NG- RAN node 502 and the LMF 270.
  • LPP LTE positioning protocol
  • LPPa LPP type A
  • NRPPa New Radio positioning protocol type A
  • LPP is used point-to-point between a location server (e.g., LMF 270) and a UE (e.g., UE 204) in order to obtain location-related measurements or a location estimate or to transfer assistance data.
  • a single LPP session is used to support a single location request (e.g., for a single mobile-terminated location request (MT-LR), mobile-originated location request (MO-LR), or network induced location request (NI- LR)).
  • Multiple LPP sessions can be used between the same endpoints to support multiple different location requests.
  • Each LPP session comprises one or more LPP transactions, with each LPP transaction performing a single operation (e.g., capability exchange, assistance data transfer, location information transfer).
  • LPP transactions are referred to as LPP procedures.
  • a prerequisite for stage 530 is that an LCS Correlation identifier (ID) and an AMF ID has been passed to the LMF 270 by the serving AMF 264. Both, the LCS Correlation ID and the AMF ID may be represented as a string of characters selected by the AMF 264. The LCS Correlation ID and the AMF ID are provided by the AMF 264 to the LMF 270 in the location services request at stage 520. When the LMF 270 then instigates stage 530, the LMF 270 also includes the LCS Correlation ID for this location session, together with the AMF ID, which indicates the AMF instance serving the UE 204.
  • the LCS Correlation ID is used to ensure that during a positioning session between the LMF 270 and the UE 204, positioning response messages from the UE 204 are returned by the AMF 264 to the correct LMF 270 and carrying an indication (the LCS Correlation ID) that can be recognized by the LMF 270.
  • the LCS Correlation ID serves as a location session identifier that may be used to identify messages exchanged between the AMF 264 and the LMF 270 for a particular location session for a UE 204, as described in greater detail in 3GPP TS 23.273, which is publicly available and incorporated by reference herein in its entirety'.
  • a location session between an AMF 264 and an LMF 270 for a particular UE 204 is instigated by the AMF 264, and the LCS Correlation ID may be used to identify this location session (e g., may be used by the AMF 264 to identify state information for this location session, etc.).
  • LPP measurement reports may contain the following measurements: (1) one or more ToA, TDOA, RSTD, or Rx-Tx time difference measurements, (2) one or more Ao A and/or AoD measurements (currently only for a base station to report UL-AoA and DL-AoD to the LMF 270), (3) one or more multipath measurements (per-path ToA, RSRP, Ao A/ AoD), (4) one or more motion states (e.g., walking, driving, etc.) and trajectories (currently only for the UE 204), and (5) one or more report quality indications.
  • the NG-RAN node 502 and the UE 204 transmit and receive/measure the respective PRS at the scheduled times.
  • the NG-RAN node 502 and the UE 204 then send their respective measurements to the LMF 270.
  • the NG-RAN node 502 may send its measurements to the UE 204, which may forward them to the LMF 270 using LPP signaling.
  • the NG-RAN node 502 may send its measurements directly to the LMF 270 in LPPa or NRPPa signaling.
  • the UE 204 may send its measurements to the NG-RAN node 502 in RRC, uplink control information (UCI), or MAC control element (MAC-CE) signaling, and the NG-RAN node 502 may forw ard the measurements to the LMF 270 using LPPa or NRPPa signaling. Alternatively, the UE 204 may send its measurements directly to the LMF 270 using LPP signaling. [0169] Once the LMF 270 obtains the measurements from the UE 204 and/or the NG-RAN node 502 (depending on the type(s) of positioning method(s)), it calculates an estimate of the UE’s 204 location using those measurements.
  • UCI uplink control information
  • MAC-CE MAC control element
  • the LMF 270 sends a location services response, which includes the location estimate for the UE 204, to the AMF 264.
  • the AMF 264 then forwards the location services response to the entity that generated the location services request at stage 550. Specifically, if the location services request was received from a 5GC LCS entity 580 at stage 510a, then at stage 550a, the AMF 264 sends a location services response to the 5GC LCS entity 580. If, however, the location services request was received from the UE 204 at stage 510c, then at stage 550c, the AMF 264 sends a location services response to the UE 204. Or, if the AMF 264 generated the location services request at stage 510b, then at stage 550b, the AMF 264 stores/uses the location services response itself.
  • a UE-assisted location services procedure is one where the LMF 270 calculates the location of the UE 204
  • a UE-based location services procedure is one where the UE 204 calculates its own location.
  • stages 510c and 550c would be performed.
  • the LMF 270 may still coordinate the transmission/measurement of DL-PRS (and possibly UL-PRS), but the measurements would be forwarded to the UE 204 rather than the LMF 270.
  • the location services response at stages 540 and 550c may be the measurements from the involved NG-RAN node(s) 502 rather than a location estimate of the UE 204.
  • the location services response at stage 540 may simply be a confirmation that the NG-RAN node and UE positioning procedures at stage 530 are complete.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph 600 representing an example channel estimate of a multipath channel between a receiver device (e.g., any of the UEs or base stations described herein) and a transmitter device (e.g., any other of the UEs or base stations described herein), according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the channel estimate represents the intensity of a radio frequency (RF) signal (e.g., a positioning reference signal (PRS)) received through a multipath channel as a function of time delay, and may be referred to as the channel energy response (CER), channel impulse response (CIR), or power delay profile (PDP) of the channel.
  • RF radio frequency
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • CER channel energy response
  • CIR channel impulse response
  • PDP power delay profile
  • a multipath channel is a channel between a transmitter and a receiver over which an RF signal follows multiple paths, or multipaths, due to transmission of the RF signal on multiple beams and/or to the propagation characteristics of the RF signal (e.g., reflection, refraction, etc.).
  • the receiver detects/measures multiple (four) channel taps of the RF signal.
  • Each channel tap is a cluster of one or more rays and corresponds to a multipath that the RF signal followed between the transmitter and the receiver.
  • a channel tap represents the time of arrival and signal strength of an RF signal over a multipath.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates channel taps of two to five rays, as will be appreciated, the channel taps may have more or fewer than the illustrated number of rays.
  • the channel tap detected at time T3 is composed of stronger rays than the channel tap detected at time Tl. This may be due to an obstruction on the LOS path between the transmitter and the receiver. Alternatively or additionally, there may be a strong reflector along the NLOS path corresponding to the channel tap detected at time T3.
  • FIG. 7A illustrates an example wireless communication system 700, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • wireless communication system 700 is an example of, or includes aspects of, the corresponding elements described with reference to FIGS. 1-6 and 7B-13.
  • wireless communication system 700 includes first TRP 702-a, second TRP 702-b, and UE 704 in an SFN Scheme A configuration.
  • wireless communication system 700 may correspond to a non-transparent SFN scheme that supports UE-based enhanced tracking and DMRS channel estimation operations.
  • the first TRP 702-a may transmit a first TRS (TRS1) and the second TRP 702-b may transmit a second TRS (TRS2).
  • TRS1 and TRS2 are source reference signals for the UE 704.
  • the UE 704 may receive signaling via downlink control information (DCI) that indicates a first TCI state and a second TCI state.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • the first TCI state indicates a QCL-TypeA configuration for TRS 1 708-a corresponding to DMRS 710 of the PDSCH or the PDCCH.
  • the second TCI state indicates a QCL-TypeA configuration for TRS2 708-b corresponding to the DMRS 710 of the PDSCH or the PDCCH.
  • This QCL relationship informs the UE 704 how to estimate the DMRS 701 of the corresponding PDSCH or PDCCH.
  • the first TCI state when operating in an FR2 band, may indicate a QCL-TypeD configuration for TRS1 708-a corresponding to DMRS 710 of the PDSCH or the PDCCH.
  • the second TCI state may indicate a QCL-TypeD configuration for TRS2 708-b corresponding to the DMRS 710 of the PDSCH or the PDCCH.
  • FIG. 7C illustrates an example of a channel estimation technique 770 with respect to the QCL relationship 750 in the example of FIG. 7B, according to aspects of the disclosure. That is, the UE 704 measures TRS1 and generates a first CIR 712-a. The UE 704 also measures TRS2 and generates a second CIR 712-b. From a combination of the first CIR 712-a and the second CIR 712-b, the UE 704 derives the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread associated with the reception of TS1 and TRS2.
  • the UE 704 uses the derived Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread when the UE 704 receives and estimates the DMRS 710 of the PDSCH or the PDCCH. That is, the DMRS 710 is transmitted via both the first TRP 702-a and the second TRP 702-b in a synchronized manner in accordance with the SFN Scheme A configuration. As such, the UE 704 uses the first and second TCI states associated with the DMRS 710. The UE 704 may apply the derived Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread for time interpolation/extrapolation when performing the channel estimation of the DMRS 710 as follows:
  • R tt a 1 e ⁇ i2n ⁇ t J 0 (2nfd- !L t') + a 2 e ⁇ ]2n ⁇ d 2 ' jt J 0 (2nfd 2 t).
  • FIG. 8A illustrates an example wireless communication system 800, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • wireless communication system 800 is an example of, or includes aspects of, the corresponding elements described with reference to FIGS. 1-7C and 8B-13.
  • wireless communication system 800 includes first TRP 802-a, second TRP 802-b, and UE 804 in an SFN Scheme B configuration.
  • wireless communication system 800 may correspond to an SFN scheme that supports differential frequency pre-compensation.
  • the first TRP 802-a may transmit a first TRS (TRS1) and the second TRP 802-b may transmit a second TRS (TRS2).
  • TRS1 and TRS2 are source reference signals for the UE 804.
  • the UE 804 then transmits an SRS that is received by both first TRP 802-a and the second TRP 802-b. Based on this information and in accordance with the SFN Scheme B configuration, the second TRP 802-b pre-compensates the DMRS and the PDSCH in the frequency domain. That is, the second TRP 802-b uses the frequency differential used by the first TRP 802-a when transmitting the DMRS and the PDSCH to the UE 804.
  • the UE 804 may receive signaling via DCI that indicates a first TCI state and a second TCI state.
  • the first TCI state indicates a QCL-TypeA configuration for TRS1 808-a corresponding to DMRS 810 of the PDSCH.
  • the second TCI state indicates a QCL- TypeA configuration for TRS2 808-b corresponding to the DMRS 810 of the PDSCH.
  • This QCL relationship informs the UE 804 howto estimate the DMRS 810 ofthe PDSCH.
  • the UE based on the second TCI state indicating the QCL-TypeA configuration for TRS2 808-b under the SFN Scheme B configuration (e.g., a QCL-TypeA* configuration), the UE knows to use the time domain properties (i.e., average delay and delay spread), but to ignore the frequency domain properties (i.e., Doppler shift, Doppler spread) when applying these QCL properties of TRS2 808-b to estimate the DMRS 810 of the PDSCH.
  • time domain properties i.e., average delay and delay spread
  • the frequency domain properties i.e., Doppler shift, Doppler spread
  • FIG. 8C illustrates an example of a channel estimation technique 870 with respect to the QCL relationship 850 in the example of FIG. 8B, according to aspects of the disclosure. That is, the UE 804 measures TRS1 and generates a first CIR 812-a. The UE 804 also measures TRS2 and generates a second CIR 812-b. Based on the SFN Scheme B configuration, the UE 804 derives the Doppler shift and Doppler spread associated with the reception of TRS 1 from just the first CIR 812-a. From a combination of the first CIR 812-a and the second CIR 812-b, the UE 804 derives the average delay and delay spread associated with the reception of TRS 1 and TRS2.
  • the UE 804 uses the derived Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread when the UE 804 receives and estimates the DMRS 810 of the PDSCH. That is, the DMRS 810 is transmitted via both the first TRP 802-a and the second TRP 802-b in a synchronized manner in accordance with the SFN Scheme B configuration.
  • the UE 704 may apply the derived Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread for time interpolation/extrapolation when performing the channel estimation of the DMRS 810.
  • FIG. 8D illustrates an example implementation 890 of the wireless communication system 800 in the example of FIG. 8A, according to aspects of the disclosure. That is, in the context of the UE 804 travelling on a highspeed train 892, the first TRP 802-a and the second TRP 802-b may operate in accordance with the SFN Scheme B such that the frequency tracking is performed based on the first CIR 812-a of the TRS1, and the time tracking is based on a combination of the first CIR 812-a and the second 812-b of both TRS1 and TRS2.
  • a UE may receive, from a positioning server (e.g., location server 172), signaling (e.g., assistance data) including first information corresponding to the target reference signal 910 (e.g., an RS-P) and second information corresponding to the QCL relationship 950 that the target reference signal 910 has with the first source reference signal 908-a and a second source reference signal 908-b.
  • a positioning server e.g., location server 172
  • signaling e.g., assistance data
  • first information corresponding to the target reference signal 910 e.g., an RS-P
  • second information corresponding to the QCL relationship 950 that the target reference signal 910 has with the first source reference signal 908-a and a second source reference signal 908-b.
  • one or more of the first source reference signal 908-a, the second source reference signal 908-b, and the target reference signal 910 may be a PRS.
  • the PRS may be based on a PRS configuration as described with respect to FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • the positioning server may provide the list of TRPs (e.g., satellites 1202) that are part of a SFN scheme (e.g., SFNed) or a multi-TRP configuration in an assistance data message.
  • TRPs e.g., satellites 1202
  • a SFN scheme e.g., SFNed
  • a multi-TRP configuration in an assistance data message.
  • a set of source reference signals may be transmitted by one or more TRPs in the list of TRPs. If a source reference signal in the set of source reference signals can no longer be received by the UE, another source reference signal may be transmitted to the UE by the one or more TRPs.
  • the positioning server may provide the QCL associated information for each reference signal participating in the SFN scheme or multi-TRP configuration.
  • the positioning server may provide a time offset (e.g., a time-domain pre-compensation factor) with respect to a corresponding SSB or a corresponding reference signal (e.g., SSB, TRS, PRS, etc.).
  • the positioning server may provide a frequency offset (e.g., frequency-domain precompensation factor) with respect to a corresponding SSB or a corresponding reference signal (e.g., SSB, TRS, PRS, etc.).
  • a frequency offset e.g., frequency-domain precompensation factor
  • a UE may receive signaling from a positioning server that includes information corresponding to an RSTD search window.
  • the TRPs e.g., satellites 1202 participating in the SFN scheme or multi-TRP configuration have a common expected RSTD and common expected uncertainties.
  • the TRPs e.g., satellites 1202 participating in the SFN scheme or multi- TRP configuration have a common expected Doppler shift and common expected uncertainties, in accordance with some examples. That is, for example, the RSTD search window indicates a common uncertainty window for message transmissions corresponding to first satellite 1202-a and the second satellite 1202-b.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart of an example process 1400 associated with time or doppler precompensated reference signals and associated assistance data and reporting enhancements, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • one or more process blocks of FIG. 14 may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 304).
  • one or more process blocks of FIG. 14 may be performed by another device or a group of devices separate from or including the UE.
  • one or more process blocks of FIG. 14 may be performed by one or more components of an apparatus, such as a processor(s), memory, or transceiver(s), any or all of which may be means for performing the operations of process 1400.
  • process 1400 may include, at block 1402, receiving, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP.
  • Means for performing the operation of block 1402 may include the processor(s), memory, or transceiver(s) of any of the apparatuses described herein.
  • the UE may receive, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP, using WWAN transceivers 310 and 350.
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • process 1400 may include, at block 1404, transmitting a measurement report corresponding to the RS-P.
  • Means for performing the operation of block 1404 may include the processor(s), memory, or transceiver(s) of any of the apparatuses described herein.
  • the UE may transmit a measurement report corresponding to the RS-P, using WWAN transceivers 310 and 350.
  • Process 1400 may include additional implementations, such as any single implementation or any combination of implementations described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
  • the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates a common average delay channel characteristic between the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal.
  • process 1400 includes receiving the first source reference signal, performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal, deriving a first average delay based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information, receiving the second source reference signal, performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal, deriving a second averaged delay based at least in part on the second channel estimation and the second information, receiving the RS-P, and performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first average delay and the second average delay.
  • process 1400 includes receiving the first source reference signal, performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal, deriving a first delay spread based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information, receiving the second source reference signal, performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal, deriving a second delay spread based at least in part on the second channel estimation and the second information, receiving the RS-P, and performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first delay spread and the second delay spread.
  • the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates that the second source reference signal has an average delay channel characteristic that has been pre-compensated in the RS-P.
  • process 1400 includes receiving the first source reference signal, performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal, deriving a first average delay based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information, receiving the second source reference signal, performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal, refraining from deriving a second average delay associated with the second channel estimation based at least in part on the second information, receiving the RS-P, and performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first average delay.
  • the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates that the second source reference signal has a Doppler shift channel characteristic that has been pre-compensated in the RS-P.
  • process 1400 includes receiving the first source reference signal, performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal, deriving a first Doppler shift based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information, receiving the second source reference signal, performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal, refraining from deriving a second Doppler shift associated with the second channel estimation based at least in part on the second information, receiving the RS-P, and performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first Doppler shift.
  • process 1400 includes transmitting, to the positioning server, a request for an on-demand positioning procedure in which the RS-P is quasi co-located with at least two source reference signals from different transmission-reception points (TRPs), wherein the signaling from the positioning server is received responsive to the request.
  • each source reference signal of the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal comprises at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB) resource or a positioning reference signal (PRS).
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • the RS-P comprises at least one of a positioning reference signal (PRS), a tracking reference signal (TRS), or a channel state information reference signal (CSI- RS).
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • TRS tracking reference signal
  • CSI- RS channel state information reference signal
  • process 1400 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 14. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1400 may be performed in parallel.
  • a technical advantage of the process 1400 may include a more effective reception of the RS-P resulting in more accurate positioning information associated with a positioning procedure. That is, for example, by signaling QCL and/or pre-compensation relationships associated with the source reference signals, reception of the RS-P may be more effective.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart of an example process 1500 associated with time or doppler precompensated reference signals and associated assistance data and reporting enhancements, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • one or more process blocks of FIG. 15 may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 304).
  • one or more process blocks of FIG. 15 may be performed by another device or a group of devices separate from or including the UE.
  • one or more process blocks of FIG. 15 may be performed by one or more components of an apparatus, such as a processor(s), memory, or transceiver(s), any or all of which may be means for performing the operations of process 1500.
  • process 1500 may include, at block 1502, receiving, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal precompensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device.
  • Means for performing the operation of block 1502 may include the processor(s), memory, or transceiver(s) of any of the apparatuses described herein.
  • the UE may receive, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device, using WWAN transceivers 310 and 350.
  • process 1500 may include, at block 1504, receiving at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • Means for performing the operation of block 1504 may include the processor(s), memory, or transceiver(s) of any of the apparatuses described herein.
  • the UE may receive at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal, using WWAN transceivers 310 and 350.
  • Process 1500 may include additional implementations, such as any single implementation or any combination of implementations described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
  • process 1500 includes the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a time-domain precompensation relationship that the target reference signal has with the first source reference signal, the second source reference signal, or both, and the time-domain precompensation relationship indicates a time-domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to at least one of the first source reference signal from the first transmitting device or the second source reference signal from the second transmitting device.
  • process 1500 includes performing a first channel estimation with respect to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal, and performing a second channel estimation with respect to the target reference signal by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the time-domain precompensation parameter corresponding to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • the second information corresponding to the reference signal precompensation relationship indicates a time-domain pre-compensation configuration in which the first source reference signal is pre-compensated in the time domain with respect to the second source reference signal.
  • process 1500 includes the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a frequency -domain precompensation relationship that the target reference signal has with the first source reference signal, the second source reference signal, or both, and the frequency-domain pre-compensation relationship indicates a frequency-domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to at least one of the first source reference signal from the first transmitting device or the second source reference signal from the second transmitting device.
  • process 1500 includes performing a first channel estimation with respect to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal, and performing a second channel estimation with respect to the target reference signal by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the frequencydomain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • the second information corresponding to the reference signal precompensation relationship indicates a frequency-domain pre-compensation configuration in which the first source reference signal is pre-compensated in the frequency domain with respect to the second source reference signal.
  • process 1500 includes the signaling further includes third information corresponding to a set of transmitting device, including the first transmitting device and the second transmitting device, and the third information corresponding to the set of transmitting devices indicates that the set of transmitting devices is associated with at least one of a single frequency network (SFN) scheme or a multi-transmission-reception point (multi-TRP) configuration.
  • SFN single frequency network
  • multi-TRP multi-transmission-reception point
  • process 1500 includes the signaling further includes fourth information corresponding to a reference signal time difference (RSTD) search window, and the fourth information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates a common uncertainty window for message transmissions corresponding to the set of transmitting devices.
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • the first transmitting device is a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and the second transmitting device is a second TRP.
  • the first transmitting device is a first satellite in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and the second transmitting device is a second satellite in the NTN.
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • each source reference signal of the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal comprises at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB) resource or a tracking reference signal (TRS).
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • TRS tracking reference signal
  • process 1500 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 15. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1500 may be performed in parallel.
  • a technical advantage of the process 1500 may include more effective reception of the target reference signal. That is, for example, by signaling QCL and/or pre-compensation relationships associated with the source reference signals, reception of the target reference signal may be more effective.
  • Another technical advantage of the process 1500 may include enabling an NTN system to effectively operate in a multi-TRP configuration.
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart of an example process 1600 associated with time or doppler precompensated reference signals and associated assistance data and reporting enhancements, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • one or more process blocks of FIG. 16 may be performed by a positioning server (e.g., network entity 306).
  • one or more process blocks of FIG. 16 may be performed by another device or a group of devices separate from or including the positioning server.
  • one or more process blocks of FIG. 16 may be performed by one or more components of an apparatus, such as a processor(s), memory, or transceiver(s), any or all of which may be means for performing the operations of process 1600.
  • process 1600 may include, at block 1602, receiving, from a nextgeneration radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP.
  • NG-RAN nextgeneration radio access network
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • Means for performing the operation of block 1602 may include the processor(s), memory, or transceiver(s) of any of the apparatuses described herein.
  • the positioning server may receive, from a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP, using network transceivers 390.
  • NG-RAN next-generation radio access network
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • process 1600 may include, at block 1604, transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the RS-P or the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship.
  • Means for performing the operation of block 1604 may include the processor(s), memory, or transceiver(s) of any of the apparatuses described herein.
  • the positioning server may transmit, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the RS-P or the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship, using network transceivers 390.
  • Process 1600 may include additional implementations, such as any single implementation or any combination of implementations described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
  • process 1600 includes transmitting, to the NG-RAN node, a request for an on-demand positioning procedure in which at least two source reference signals share at least one QCL relationship, and receiving, responsive to the request and from the NG- RAN node, the first signaling including the first information corresponding to the RS-P and the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship.
  • process 1600 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 16. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1600 may be performed in parallel.
  • a technical advantage of the process 1600 may include receiving more effective information related to the reference signals that the positioning server uses in a positioning procedure.
  • Another technical advantage of the process 1600 may include a more effective reception of the RS-P resulting in more accurate positioning information associated with a positioning procedure that may be used by the positioning server. That is, for example, by signaling QCL and/or pre-compensation relationships associated with the source reference signals, reception of the RS-P may be more effective.
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart of an example process 1700 associated with time or doppler precompensated reference signals and associated assistance data and reporting enhancements, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • one or more process blocks of FIG. 17 may be performed by a positioning server (e.g., network entity 306).
  • one or more process blocks of FIG. 17 may be performed by another device or a group of devices separate from or including the positioning server.
  • one or more process blocks of FIG. 17 may be performed by one or more components of an apparatus, such as a processor(s), memory, or transceiver(s), any or all of which may be means for performing the operations of process 1700.
  • process 1700 may include, at block 1702, receiving, from a nextgeneration radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device.
  • Means for performing the operation of block 1702 may include the processor(s), memory, or transceiver(s) of any of the apparatuses described herein.
  • the positioning server may receive, from a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device, using network transceivers 390.
  • NG-RAN next-generation radio access network
  • process 1700 may include, at block 1704, transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the target reference signal or the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship.
  • Means for performing the operation of block 1704 may include the processor(s), memory, or transceiver(s) of any of the apparatuses described herein.
  • the positioning server may transmit, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the target reference signal or the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship, using network transceivers 390.
  • process 1700 includes the second signaling lacks the second information, the second signaling further includes third information corresponding to a reference signal time difference (RSTD) search window, and the third information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates a common uncertainty window for message transmissions corresponding to a set of transmitting devices including the first transmitting device and the second transmitting device.
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • the third information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates to the UE that the target reference signal has at least one reference signal precompensation relationship with at least one source reference signal.
  • the target reference signal comprises a downlink reference signal (DLRS).
  • DLRS downlink reference signal
  • process 1700 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 17. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1700 may be performed in parallel.
  • example clauses can also include a combination of the dependent clause aspect(s) with the subject matter of any other dependent clause or independent clause or a combination of any feature with other dependent and independent clauses.
  • the various aspects disclosed herein expressly include these combinations, unless it is explicitly expressed or can be readily inferred that a specific combination is not intended (e.g., contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an electrical insulator and an electrical conductor).
  • aspects of a clause can be included in any other independent clause, even if the clause is not directly dependent on the independent clause.
  • a method of communication performed by a user equipment comprising: receiving, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and transmitting a measurement report corresponding to the RS-P.
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • Clause 2 The method of clause 1, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates a common average delay channel characteristic between the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 3 The method of clause 2, further comprising: receiving the first source reference signal; performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; deriving a first average delay based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receiving the second source reference signal; performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; deriving a second averaged delay based at least in part on the second channel estimation and the second information; receiving the RS-P; and performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first average delay and the second average delay.
  • Clause 4 The method of any of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates a common delay spread channel characteristic.
  • Clause 5. The method of clause 4. further comprising: receiving the first source reference signal; performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; deriving a first delay spread based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receiving the second source reference signal; performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; deriving a second delay spread based at least in part on the second channel estimation and the second information; receiving the RS-P; and performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first delay spread and the second delay spread.
  • Clause 6 The method of any of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates that the second source reference signal has an average delay channel characteristic that has been pre-compensated in the RS-P.
  • Clause 7. The method of clause 6. further comprising: receiving the first source reference signal; performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; deriving a first average delay based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receiving the second source reference signal; performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; refraining from deriving a second average delay associated with the second channel estimation based at least in part on the second information; receiving the RS-P; and performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first average delay.
  • Clause 8. The method of any of clauses 1 to 7, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates that the second source reference signal has a Doppler shift channel characteristic that has been pre-compensated in the RS-P.
  • Clause 9 The method of clause 8, further comprising: receiving the first source reference signal; performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; deriving a first Doppler shift based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receiving the second source reference signal; performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; refraining from deriving a second Doppler shift associated with the second channel estimation based at least in part on the second information; receiving the RS-P; and performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first Doppler shift.
  • Clause 10 The method of any of clauses 1 to 9, further comprising: transmitting, to the positioning server, a request for an on-demand positioning procedure in which the RS-P is quasi co-located with at least two source reference signals from different transmissionreception points (TRPs), wherein the signaling from the positioning server is received responsive to the request.
  • TRPs transmissionreception points
  • each source reference signal of the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal comprises at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB) resource or a positioning reference signal (PRS).
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • the RS-P comprises at least one of: a positioning reference signal (PRS), a tracking reference signal (TRS), or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • TRS tracking reference signal
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • a method of communication performed by a user equipment comprising: receiving, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmiting device; and receiving at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a time-domain precompensation relationship that the target reference signal has with the first source reference signal, the second source reference signal, or both
  • the time-domain precompensation relationship indicates a time-domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to at least one of the first source reference signal from the first transmitting device or the second source reference signal from the second transmitting device.
  • Clause 15 The method of clause 14, further comprising: performing a first channel estimation with respect to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal; and performing a second channel estimation with respect to the target reference signal by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the time-domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 16 The method of any of clauses 13 to 15, wherein the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a timedomain pre-compensation configuration in which the first source reference signal is precompensated in the time domain with respect to the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 17 The method of any of clauses 13 to 16, wherein: the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a frequency-domain pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with the first source reference signal, the second source reference signal, or both, and the frequency-domain pre-compensation relationship indicates a frequency-domain precompensation parameter corresponding to at least one of the first source reference signal from the first transmitting device or the second source reference signal from the second transmitting device.
  • Clause 18 The method of clause 17, further comprising: performing a first channel estimation with respect to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal; and performing a second channel estimation with respect to the target reference signal by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the frequency -domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 19 The method of any of clauses 13 to 18, wherein the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a frequency-domain pre-compensation configuration in which the first source reference signal is pre-compensated in the frequency domain with respect to the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 20 The method of any of clauses 13 to 19, wherein: the signaling further includes third information corresponding to a set of transmitting device, including the first transmitting device and the second transmitting device, and the third information corresponding to the set of transmitting devices indicates that the set of transmitting devices is associated with at least one of a single frequency network (SFN) scheme or a multi-transmission-reception point (multi-TRP) configuration.
  • SFN single frequency network
  • multi-TRP multi-transmission-reception point
  • Clause 21 The method of clause 20, wherein: the signaling further includes fourth information corresponding to a reference signal time difference (RSTD) search window, and the fourth information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates a common uncertainty window for message transmissions corresponding to the set of transmitting devices.
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • Clause 22 The method of any of clauses 13 to 21, wherein the first transmitting device is a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and the second transmitting device is a second TRP.
  • TRP transmission-reception point
  • Clause 23 The method of any of clauses 13 to 22, wherein the first transmitting device is a first satellite in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and the second transmitting device is a second satellite in the NTN.
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • each source reference signal of the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal comprises at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB) resource or a tracking reference signal (TRS).
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • TRS tracking reference signal
  • a method of communication performed by a positioning server comprising: receiving, from a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS- P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the RS-P or the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship.
  • NG-RAN next-generation radio access network
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • Clause 26 The method of clause 25, further comprising: transmitting, to the NG-RAN node, a request for an on-demand positioning procedure in which at least two source reference signals share at least one QCL relationship; and receiving, responsive to the request and from the NG-RAN node, the first signaling including the first information corresponding to the RS-P and the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship.
  • a method of communication performed by a positioning server comprising: receiving, from a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device; and transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the target reference signal or the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship.
  • NG-RAN next-generation radio access network
  • Clause 28 The method of clause 27, wherein: the second signaling lacks the second information, the second signaling further includes third information corresponding to a reference signal time difference (RSTD) search window, and the third information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates a common uncertainty window for message transmissions corresponding to a set of transmitting devices including the first transmitting device and the second transmitting device.
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • Clause 29 The method of clause 28, wherein the third information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates to the UE that the target reference signal has at least one reference signal pre-compensation relationship with at least one source reference signal.
  • Clause 30 The method of any of clauses 27 to 29, wherein the target reference signal comprises a downlink reference signal (DL-RS).
  • DL-RS downlink reference signal
  • a user equipment comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers and from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and transmit, via the one or more transceivers, a measurement report corresponding to the RS-P.
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • Clause 32 The UE of clause 31, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates a common average delay channel characteristic between the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 33 The UE of clause 32, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers, the first source reference signal; perform a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; derive a first average delay based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receive, via the one or more transceivers, the second source reference signal; perform a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; derive a second averaged delay based at least in part on the second channel estimation and the second information; receive, via the one or more transceivers, the RS-P; and perform a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first average delay and the second average delay.
  • Clause 34 The UE of any of clauses 31 to 33, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates a common delay spread channel characteristic.
  • Clause 35 The UE of clause 34, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers, the first source reference signal; perform a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; derive a first delay spread based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receive, via the one or more transceivers, the second source reference signal; perform a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; derive a second delay spread based at least in part on the second channel estimation and the second information; receive, via the one or more transceivers, the RS-P; and perform a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first delay spread and the second delay spread.
  • Clause 36 The UE of any of clauses 31 to 35, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates that the second source reference signal has an average delay channel characteristic that has been pre-compensated in the RS-P.
  • Clause 37 The UE of clause 36, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers, the first source reference signal; perform a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; derive a first average delay based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receive, via the one or more transceivers, the second source reference signal; perform a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; refrain from deriving a second average delay associated with the second channel estimation based at least in part on the second information; receive, via the one or more transceivers, the RS-P; and perform a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first average delay.
  • Clause 38 The UE of any of clauses 31 to 37, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates that the second source reference signal has a Doppler shift channel characteristic that has been pre-compensated in the RS-P.
  • Clause 39 The UE of clause 38, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers, the first source reference signal; perform a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; derive a first Doppler shift based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receive, via the one or more transceivers, the second source reference signal; perform a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; refrain from denying a second Doppler shift associated with the second channel estimation based at least in part on the second information; receive, via the one or more transceivers, the RS-P; and perform a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first Doppler shift.
  • Clause 40 The UE of any of clauses 31 to 39, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: transmit, via the one or more transceivers, to the positioning server, a request for an on-demand positioning procedure in which the RS-P is quasi co-located with at least two source reference signals from different transmission-reception points (TRPs), wherein the signaling from the positioning server is received responsive to the request.
  • TRPs transmission-reception points
  • each source reference signal of the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal comprises at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB) resource or a positioning reference signal (PRS).
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • Clause 42 The UE of any of clauses 31 to 41, wherein the RS-P comprises at least one of: a positioning reference signal (PRS), a tracking reference signal (TRS), or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • TRS tracking reference signal
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • An UE comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers and from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device; and receive, via the one or more transceivers, at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 44 The UE of clause 43, wherein: the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a time-domain precompensation relationship that the target reference signal has with the first source reference signal, the second source reference signal, or both, and the time-domain precompensation relationship indicates a time-domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to at least one of the first source reference signal from the first transmitting device or the second source reference signal from the second transmitting device.
  • Clause 45 The UE of clause 44, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: perform a first channel estimation with respect to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal; and perform a second channel estimation with respect to the target reference signal by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the time-domain precompensation parameter corresponding to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 46 The UE of any of clauses 43 to 45, wherein the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a timedomain pre-compensation configuration in which the first source reference signal is precompensated in the time domain with respect to the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 47 The UE of any of clauses 43 to 46, wherein: the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a frequency-domain pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with the first source reference signal, the second source reference signal, or both, and the frequency-domain pre-compensation relationship indicates a frequency-domain precompensation parameter corresponding to at least one of the first source reference signal from the first transmitting device or the second source reference signal from the second transmitting device.
  • Clause 48 The UE of clause 47, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: perform a first channel estimation with respect to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal; and perform a second channel estimation with respect to the target reference signal by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the frequencydomain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 49 The UE of any of clauses 43 to 48, wherein the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a frequency-domain pre-compensation configuration in which the first source reference signal is pre-compensated in the frequency domain with respect to the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 50 The UE of any of clauses 43 to 49, wherein: the signaling further includes third information corresponding to a set of transmitting device, including the first transmitting device and the second transmitting device, and the third information corresponding to the set of transmitting devices indicates that the set of transmitting devices is associated with at least one of a single frequency network (SFN) scheme or a multi-transmission-reception point (multi-TRP) configuration.
  • SFN single frequency network
  • multi-TRP multi-transmission-reception point
  • Clause 51 The UE of clause 50, wherein: the signaling further includes fourth information corresponding to a reference signal time difference (RSTD) search window, and the fourth information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates a common uncertainty window for message transmissions corresponding to the set of transmitting devices.
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • Clause 52 The UE of any of clauses 43 to 51, wherein the first transmitting device is a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and the second transmitting device is a second TRP.
  • TRP transmission-reception point
  • Clause 53 The UE of any of clauses 43 to 52, wherein the first transmitting device is a first satellite in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and the second transmitting device is a second satellite in the NTN.
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • each source reference signal of the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal comprises at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB) resource or a tracking reference signal (TRS).
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • TRS tracking reference signal
  • a positioning server comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers and from a nextgeneration radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and transmit, via the one or more transceivers, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the RS-P or the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship.
  • NG-RAN nextgeneration radio access network
  • Clause 56 The positioning server of clause 55, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: transmit, via the one or more transceivers, to the NG-RAN node, a request for an on-demand positioning procedure in which at least two source reference signals share at least one QCL relationship; and receive, via the one or more transceivers, responsive to the request and from the NG-RAN node, the first signaling including the first information corresponding to the RS-P and the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship.
  • a positioning server comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers and from a nextgeneration radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device; and transmit, via the one or more transceivers, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the target reference signal or the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship.
  • NG-RAN nextgeneration radio access network
  • Clause 58 The positioning server of clause 57, wherein: the second signaling lacks the second information, the second signaling further includes third information corresponding to a reference signal time difference (RSTD) search window, and the third information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates a common uncertainty window for message transmissions corresponding to a set of transmitting devices including the first transmitting device and the second transmitting device.
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • Clause 59 The positioning server of clause 58, wherein the third information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates to the UE that the target reference signal has at least one reference signal pre-compensation relationship with at least one source reference signal.
  • Clause 60 The positioning server of any of clauses 57 to 59, wherein the target reference signal comprises a downlink reference signal (DL-RS).
  • DL-RS downlink reference signal
  • a user equipment comprising: means for receiving, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission- reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and means for transmitting a measurement report corresponding to the RS-P.
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • Clause 62 The UE of clause 61, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates a common average delay channel characteristic between the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 63 The UE of clause 62, further comprising: means for receiving the first source reference signal; means for performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; means for deriving a first average delay based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; means for receiving the second source reference signal; means for performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; means for deriving a second averaged delay based at least in part on the second channel estimation and the second information; means for receiving the RS-P; and means for performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first average delay and the second average delay.
  • Clause 64 The UE of any of clauses 61 to 63, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates a common delay spread channel characteristic.
  • Clause 65 The UE of clause 64, further comprising: means for receiving the first source reference signal; means for performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; means for deriving a first delay spread based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information: means for receiving the second source reference signal; means for performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; means for deriving a second delay spread based at least in part on the second channel estimation and the second information; means for receiving the RS-P; and means for performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first delay spread and the second delay spread.
  • Clause 66 The UE of any of clauses 61 to 65, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates that the second source reference signal has an average delay channel characteristic that has been pre-compensated in the RS-P. [0349] Clause 67.
  • the UE of clause 66 further comprising: means for receiving the first source reference signal; means for performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; means for deriving a first average delay based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; means for receiving the second source reference signal; means for performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; means for refraining from deriving a second average delay associated with the second channel estimation based at least in part on the second information; means for receiving the RS-P; and means for performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first average delay.
  • Clause 68 The UE of any of clauses 61 to 67, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates that the second source reference signal has a Doppler shift channel characteristic that has been pre-compensated in the RS-P.
  • Clause 69 The UE of clause 68, further comprising: means for receiving the first source reference signal; means for performing a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; means for deriving a first Doppler shift based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; means for receiving the second source reference signal; means for performing a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; means for refraining from deriving a second Doppler shift associated with the second channel estimation based at least in part on the second information; means for receiving the RS-P; and means for performing a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first Doppler shift.
  • Clause 70 The UE of any of clauses 61 to 69, further comprising: means for transmitting, to the positioning server, a request for an on-demand positioning procedure in which the RS-P is quasi co-located with at least two source reference signals from different transmission-reception points (TRPs), wherein the signaling from the positioning server is received responsive to the request.
  • TRPs transmission-reception points
  • each source reference signal of the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal comprises at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB) resource or a positioning reference signal (PRS).
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • TRS tracking reference signal
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • An UE comprising: means for receiving, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device; and means for receiving at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 74 The UE of clause 73, wherein: the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a time-domain precompensation relationship that the target reference signal has with the first source reference signal, the second source reference signal, or both, and the time-domain precompensation relationship indicates a time-domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to at least one of the first source reference signal from the first transmitting device or the second source reference signal from the second transmitting device.
  • Clause 75 The UE of clause 74, further comprising: means for performing a first channel estimation with respect to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal; and means for performing a second channel estimation with respect to the target reference signal by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the time-domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 76 The UE of any of clauses 73 to 75, wherein the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a timedomain pre-compensation configuration in which the first source reference signal is precompensated in the time domain with respect to the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 78 The UE of clause 77, further comprising: means for performing a first channel estimation with respect to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal; and means for performing a second channel estimation with respect to the target reference signal by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the frequency-domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 79 The UE of any of clauses 73 to 78, wherein the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a frequency-domain pre-compensation configuration in which the first source reference signal is pre-compensated in the frequency domain with respect to the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 80 The UE of any of clauses 73 to 79, wherein: the signaling further includes third information corresponding to a set of transmitting device, including the first transmitting device and the second transmitting device, and the third information corresponding to the set of transmitting devices indicates that the set of transmitting devices is associated with at least one of a single frequency network (SFN) scheme or a multi-transmission-reception point (multi-TRP) configuration.
  • SFN single frequency network
  • multi-TRP multi-transmission-reception point
  • Clause 81 The UE of clause 80, wherein: the signaling further includes fourth information corresponding to a reference signal time difference (RSTD) search window, and the fourth information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates a common uncertainty window for message transmissions corresponding to the set of transmitting devices.
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • Clause 82 The UE of any of clauses 73 to 81, wherein the first transmitting device is a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and the second transmitting device is a second TRP.
  • TRP transmission-reception point
  • each source reference signal of the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal comprises at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB) resource or a tracking reference signal (TRS).
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • TRS tracking reference signal
  • a positioning server comprising: means for receiving, from a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the RS-P or the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship.
  • NG-RAN next-generation radio access network
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • Clause 86 The positioning server of clause 85, further comprising: means for transmitting, to the NG-RAN node, a request for an on-demand positioning procedure in which at least two source reference signals share at least one QCL relationship; and means for receiving, responsive to the request and from the NG-RAN node, the first signaling including the first information corresponding to the RS-P and the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship.
  • a positioning server comprising: means for receiving, from a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device; and means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the target reference signal or the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship.
  • NG-RAN next-generation radio access network
  • Clause 88 The positioning server of clause 87, wherein: the second signaling lacks the second information, the second signaling further includes third information corresponding to a reference signal time difference (RSTD) search window, and the third information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates a common uncertainty window for message transmissions corresponding to a set of transmitting devices including the first transmitting device and the second transmitting device.
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • Clause 89 The positioning server of clause 88, wherein the third information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates to the UE that the target reference signal has at least one reference signal pre-compensation relationship with at least one source reference signal.
  • Clause 90 The positioning server of any of clauses 87 to 89, wherein the target reference signal comprises a downlink reference signal (DL-RS).
  • DL-RS downlink reference signal
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: receive, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS-P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and transmit a measurement report corresponding to the RS-P.
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • Clause 92 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 91, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates a common average delay channel characteristic between the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 93 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 92, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: receive the first source reference signal; perform a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; derive a first average delay based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receive the second source reference signal; perform a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; derive a second averaged delay based at least in part on the second channel estimation and the second information; receive the RS-P; and perform a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first average delay and the second average delay.
  • Clause 94 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 91 to 93, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates a common delay spread channel characteristic.
  • Clause 95 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 94, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: receive the first source reference signal; perform a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; derive a first delay spread based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receive the second source reference signal; perform a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; derive a second delay spread based at least in part on the second channel estimation and the second information; receive the RS-P; and perform a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first delay spread and the second delay spread.
  • Clause 96 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 91 to 95, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates that the second source reference signal has an average delay channel characteristic that has been pre-compensated in the RS-P.
  • Clause 97 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 96, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: receive the first source reference signal; perform a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; derive a first average delay based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receive the second source reference signal; perform a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; refrain from deriving a second average delay associated with the second channel estimation based at least in part on the second information; receive the RS-P; and perform a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first average delay.
  • Clause 98 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 91 to 97, wherein the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship indicates that the second source reference signal has a Doppler shift channel characteristic that has been pre-compensated in the RS-P.
  • Clause 99 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 98, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: receive the first source reference signal; perform a first channel estimation with respect to the first source reference signal; derive a first Doppler shift based at least in part on the first channel estimation and the second information; receive the second source reference signal; perform a second channel estimation with respect to the second source reference signal; refrain from deriving a second Doppler shift associated with the second channel estimation based at least in part on the second information; receive the RS-P; and perform a third channel estimation with respect to the RS-P by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the first Doppler shift.
  • Clause 100 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 91 to 99, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: transmit, to the positioning server, a request for an on-demand positioning procedure in which the RS-P is quasi co-located with at least two source reference signals from different transmission-reception points (TRPs), wherein the signaling from the positioning server is received responsive to the request.
  • TRPs transmission-reception points
  • each source reference signal of the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal comprises at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB) resource or a positioning reference signal (PRS).
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • Clause 102 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 91 to 101, wherein the RS-P comprises at least one of: a positioning reference signal (PRS), a tracking reference signal (TRS), or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • TRS tracking reference signal
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by an UE, cause the UE to: receive, from a positioning server, signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device; and receive at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 104 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 103, wherein: the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a time-domain pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with the first source reference signal, the second source reference signal, or both, and the time-domain pre-compensation relationship indicates a time-domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to at least one of the first source reference signal from the first transmitting device or the second source reference signal from the second transmitting device.
  • Clause 105 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 104, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: perform a first channel estimation with respect to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal; and perform a second channel estimation with respect to the target reference signal by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the time-domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 106 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 103 to 105, wherein the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a time-domain pre-compensation configuration in which the first source reference signal is pre-compensated in the time domain with respect to the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 107 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 103 to 106, wherein: the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship indicates a frequency-domain pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with the first source reference signal, the second source reference signal, or both, and the frequency -domain pre-compensation relationship indicates a frequency-domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to at least one of the first source reference signal from the first transmitting device or the second source reference signal from the second transmitting device.
  • Clause 108 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 107, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: perform a first channel estimation with respect to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal; and perform a second channel estimation with respect to the target reference signal by applying one or more channel estimation techniques associated with the frequency-domain pre-compensation parameter corresponding to the at least one of the first source reference signal or the second source reference signal.
  • Clause 109 Clause 109.
  • Clause 110 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 103 to 109, wherein: the signaling further includes third information corresponding to a set of transmitting device, including the first transmitting device and the second transmitting device, and the third information corresponding to the set of transmitting devices indicates that the set of transmitting devices is associated with at least one of a single frequency network (SFN) scheme or a multi-transmission-reception point (multi-TRP) configuration.
  • SFN single frequency network
  • multi-TRP multi-transmission-reception point
  • Clause 111 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 110, wherein: the signaling further includes fourth information corresponding to a reference signal time difference (RSTD) search window, and the fourth information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates a common uncertainty window for message transmissions corresponding to the set of transmitting devices.
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • Clause 112. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 103 to 111, wherein the first transmitting device is a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and the second transmitting device is a second TRP.
  • TRP transmission-reception point
  • Clause 113 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 103 to 112, wherein the first transmitting device is a first satellite in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and the second transmitting device is a second satellite in the NTN.
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • each source reference signal of the first source reference signal and the second source reference signal comprises at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB) resource or a tracking reference signal (TRS).
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • TRS tracking reference signal
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a positioning server, cause the positioning server to: receive, from a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a reference signal for positioning (RS-P) and second information corresponding to a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship that the RS- P has with a first source reference signal from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second source reference signal from a second TRP; and transmit, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the RS-P or the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship.
  • NG-RAN next-generation radio access network
  • RS-P reference signal for positioning
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • Clause 116 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 115, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the positioning server, cause the positioning server to: transmit, to the NG-RAN node, a request for an on-demand positioning procedure in which at least two source reference signals share at least one QCL relationship; and receive, responsive to the request and from the NG-RAN node, the first signaling including the first information corresponding to the RS-P and the second information corresponding to the QCL relationship.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a positioning server, cause the positioning server to: receive, from a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node, first signaling including first information corresponding to a target reference signal and second information corresponding to a reference signal pre-compensation relationship that the target reference signal has with a first source reference signal from a first transmitting device and a second source reference signal from a second transmitting device; and transmit, to a user equipment (UE), second signaling including at least some of the first information corresponding to the target reference signal or the second information corresponding to the reference signal pre-compensation relationship.
  • NG-RAN next-generation radio access network
  • Clause 118 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 117, wherein: the second signaling lacks the second information, the second signaling further includes third information corresponding to a reference signal time difference (RSTD) search window, and the third information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates a common uncertainty window for message transmissions corresponding to a set of transmitting devices including the first transmitting device and the second transmitting device.
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • Clause 119 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 118, wherein the third information corresponding to the RSTD search window indicates to the UE that the target reference signal has at least one reference signal pre-compensation relationship with at least one source reference signal.
  • Clause 120 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 117 to 119, wherein the target reference signal comprises a downlink reference signal (DL-RS).
  • DL-RS downlink reference signal
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field-programable gate array
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • a software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • An example storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
  • the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC.
  • the ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., UE).
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
  • the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
  • Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • a storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.
  • such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
  • any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave
  • the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.
  • Disk and disc includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
  • the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” and the like does not preclude the presence of one or more additional elements (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B).
  • the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise.
  • the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of’) or the alternatives are mutually exclusive (e.g., “one or more” should not be interpreted as “one and more”).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)

Abstract

Sont divulguées des techniques pour la communication sans fil. Selon un aspect, un équipement utilisateur (UE) reçoit, en provenance d'un serveur de positionnement, une signalisation comprenant des premières informations correspondant à un signal de référence pour le positionnement (RS-P) et des secondes informations correspondant à une relation de quasi-colocalisation (QCL) que le RS-P a avec un premier signal de référence de source provenant d'un premier point d'émission-réception (TRP) et un second signal de référence de source provenant d'un second TRP. Selon certains aspects, l'UE transmet un rapport de mesure correspondant au RS-P. Selon un autre aspect, un serveur de positionnement peut recevoir, en provenance d'un nœud de réseau d'accès radio de prochaine génération (NG-RAN), une première signalisation comprenant des premières informations correspondant à un RS-P et des secondes informations correspondant à une relation QCL que le RS-P a avec un premier signal de référence de source provenant d'un premier TRP et un second signal de référence de source provenant d'un second TRP.
PCT/US2024/046410 2023-09-19 2024-09-12 Signaux de référence pré-compensés en temps ou doppler et données d'assistance et améliorations de rapport associées Pending WO2025064294A2 (fr)

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BR112021018852A2 (pt) * 2019-03-26 2021-11-30 Nokia Technologies Oy Medições para transmissão de sinal de referência de posicionamento sob demanda
US12177145B2 (en) * 2020-09-10 2024-12-24 Qualcomm Incorporated Configuration of on-demand sounding reference signals (SRS) through association with on-demand positioning reference signal (PRS) for user equipment (UE) positioning

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