WO2025063329A1 - Apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving frequency hopping ofdm signal on basis of user configuration information in wireless communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an operation method of a first terminal in a wireless communication system, and the method may comprise the steps of: determining frequency hopping-related parameter values on the basis of user configuration information; generating at least one codeword by encoding an information bit; generating modulation symbols on the basis of the at least one codeword; transmitting an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal including the modulation symbols to a second terminal; and performing sensing on the basis of reflected signals of the OFDM signal, wherein the OFDM signal including the modulation symbols is allocated to time and frequency resources on the basis of the frequency hopping-related parameter values, and the user configuration information includes a distance resolution and a maximum detection speed.

Description

Device and method for transmitting and receiving frequency hopping OFDM signal based on user setting information in wireless communication system

The following description relates to a device and method for transmitting and receiving a frequency hopping OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) OFDM signal in a wireless communication system.

Wireless access systems are being widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice and data. In general, wireless access systems are multiple access systems that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (code division multiple access) systems, FDMA (frequency division multiple access) systems, TDMA (time division multiple access) systems, OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) systems, and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) systems.

In particular, as many communication devices require large communication capacity, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication technology is being proposed compared to the existing radio access technology (RAT). In addition, a communication system that considers reliability and latency-sensitive services/UE (user equipment) as well as mMTC (massive machine type communications) that connects a large number of devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere is being proposed. Various technology configurations are being proposed for this.

The present disclosure can provide a device and method for transmitting and receiving a signal in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure can provide a device and method for performing signal transmission/reception and sensing through an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) radar method in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure can provide a device and method using a frequency hopping scheme for transmitting an OFDM radar signal in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure can provide a device and method for determining parameter values used in a frequency hopping OFDM signal based on user setting information in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure can provide a device and method for transmitting and receiving a signal using the entire allocated band by transmitting a frequency hopping OFDM signal in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure can provide a device and method for determining an operation method for transmission and reception of a terminal based on a user environment in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure can provide a device and method in a wireless communication system, in which a bandwidth to be used for communication is determined based on a distance resolution, and an OFDM symbol period is determined based on a maximum detection rate.

The present disclosure can provide a device and method for transmitting parameter values related to frequency hopping to another device through a base station in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure relates to a device and method for transmitting a plurality of transport blocks (TBs) as a single unit in a wireless communication system.

The technical objectives to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical tasks not mentioned can be considered by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the embodiments of the present disclosure described below.

As an example of the present disclosure, a method for operating a first terminal in a wireless communication system includes the steps of determining frequency hopping-related parameter values based on user configuration information, encoding information bits to generate at least one codeword, generating modulation symbols based on the at least one codeword, transmitting an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) signal including the modulation symbols to a second terminal, and performing sensing based on a reflected signal of the OFDM signal, wherein the OFDM signal including the modulation symbols is allocated to time resources and frequency resources based on the frequency hopping-related parameter values, and the user configuration information may include a distance resolution and a maximum detection speed.

As an example of the present disclosure, in a method of operating a second terminal in a wireless communication system,

A method comprising: receiving frequency hopping related parameters from a first terminal based on user configuration information; receiving an OFDM signal including modulation symbols from the first terminal; extracting the modulation symbols based on the received OFDM signal; generating at least one codeword based on the modulation symbols; and generating an information bit based on the at least one codeword, wherein the user configuration information includes a distance resolution and a maximum detection speed, and the OFDM signal including the modulation symbols can be allocated to time resources and frequency resources based on the frequency hopping related parameter values.

As an example of the present disclosure, a first terminal in a wireless communication system comprises: a transceiver; and a processor connected to the transceiver, wherein the processor determines frequency hopping related parameter values based on user configuration information, encodes information bits to generate at least one codeword, generates modulation symbols based on the at least one codeword, transmits an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) signal including the modulation symbols to a second terminal, and performs sensing based on a reflected signal of the OFDM signal, wherein the OFDM signal including the modulation symbols is allocated to time resources and frequency resources based on the frequency hopping related parameter values, and the user configuration information may include a distance resolution and a maximum detection speed.

As an example of the present disclosure, in a wireless communication system, a second terminal comprises: a receiver; and a processor connected to the transceiver, wherein the processor controls to receive frequency hopping related parameters from a first terminal based on user configuration information, receive an OFDM signal including modulation symbols from the first terminal, extract the modulation symbols based on the received OFDM signal, generate at least one codeword based on the modulation symbols, and generate an information bit based on the at least one codeword, wherein the user configuration information includes a range resolution and a maximum detection rate, and the OFDM signal including the modulation symbols can be allocated to time resources and frequency resources based on the frequency hopping related parameter values.

As an example of the present disclosure, a communication device comprises at least one processor, at least one computer memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions that direct operations when executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operations include: determining frequency hopping related parameter values based on user configuration information, encoding information bits to generate at least one codeword, generating modulation symbols based on the at least one codeword, transmitting an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal including the modulation symbols to a second terminal, and performing sensing based on a reflected signal of the OFDM signal, wherein the OFDM signal including the modulation symbols is allocated to time resources and frequency resources based on the frequency hopping related parameter values, and the user configuration information may include a range resolution and a maximum detection speed.

As an example of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing at least one instruction, the at least one instruction being executable by a processor, the at least one instruction controlling a device to determine frequency hopping related parameter values based on user configuration information, to encode information bits to generate at least one codeword, to generate modulation symbols based on the at least one codeword, to transmit an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal including the modulation symbols to a second terminal, and to perform sensing based on a reflected signal of the OFDM signal, wherein the OFDM signal including the modulation symbols is allocated to time resources and frequency resources based on the frequency hopping related parameter values, and the user configuration information may include a range resolution and a maximum detection speed.

The above-described aspects of the present disclosure are only some of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and various embodiments reflecting the technical features of the present disclosure can be derived and understood by those skilled in the art based on the detailed description of the present disclosure to be described below.

The following effects may be achieved by embodiments based on the present disclosure.

According to the present disclosure, a terminal can efficiently transmit and receive and sense signals based on user setting information in a wireless communication system.

According to the present disclosure, in a wireless communication system, parameters related to frequency hopping can be determined based on user-configured information.

According to the present disclosure, in a wireless communication system, a frequency hopping OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) signal can be transmitted using the entire bandwidth throughout the entire transmission period.

The effects obtainable from the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned can be clearly derived and understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure below. That is, unintended effects resulting from implementing the configuration described in the present disclosure can also be derived by a person having ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments of the present disclosure.

The drawings attached below are intended to aid in understanding the present disclosure and may provide embodiments of the present disclosure together with detailed descriptions. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and the features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with each other to form a new embodiment. Reference numerals in each drawing may mean structural elements.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a drawing showing an example of a portable device applicable to the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a drawing showing an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of AI (Artificial Intelligence) applicable to the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a method for processing a transmission signal applicable to the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.

Figure 9 is a diagram showing an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a stepped-carrier OFDM scheme according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a linear frequency-modulated OFDM scheme according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a frequency comb OFDM scheme according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of parameters used in the time-frequency domain in a radar system based on user-defined information according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a transmission pattern of a signal according to an OFDM waveform according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a reception pattern of a signal according to an OFDM waveform according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of operation of transmitters and receivers according to an OFDM waveform according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for determining frequency hopping related parameter values based on user setting information according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method in which a terminal transmits a signal and performs sensing based on user setting information according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for a terminal to receive a signal using a frequency hopping technique based on user setting information according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating signaling for base stations and terminals to transmit and receive radar signals based on user configuration information according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

The following embodiments are combinations of components and features of the present disclosure in a given form. Each component or feature may be considered optional unless otherwise explicitly stated. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form that is not combined with other components or features. In addition, some components and/or features may be combined to form an embodiment of the present disclosure. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment.

In the description of the drawings, procedures or steps that may obscure the gist of the present disclosure are not described, and procedures or steps that can be understood by those skilled in the art are also not described.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to "comprising" or "including" a certain component, this does not mean that other components are excluded, unless otherwise stated, but rather that other components can be included. In addition, terms such as "... part," "... unit," "module," etc. described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. In addition, "a" or "an," "one," "the," and similar related words may be used in the context of describing the present disclosure (especially in the context of the claims below) to include both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context.

In this specification, embodiments of the present disclosure have been described with a focus on data transmission and reception relationships between a base station and a mobile station. Here, the base station is meant as a terminal node of a network that directly communicates with a mobile station. A specific operation described as being performed by the base station in this document may in some cases be performed by an upper node of the base station.

That is, in a network consisting of a plurality of network nodes including a base station, various operations performed for communication with a mobile station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. In this case, the 'base station' may be replaced by terms such as a fixed station, a Node B, an eNode B (eNB), a gNode B (gNB), an ng-eNB, an advanced base station (ABS), or an access point.

Additionally, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the term terminal may be replaced with terms such as user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), subscriber station (SS), mobile subscriber station (MSS), mobile terminal, or advanced mobile station (AMS).

In addition, the transmitter refers to a fixed and/or mobile node that provides data service or voice service, and the receiver refers to a fixed and/or mobile node that receives data service or voice service. Accordingly, in the case of uplink, a mobile station can be a transmitter and a base station can be a receiver. Similarly, in the case of downlink, a mobile station can be a receiver and a base station can be a transmitter.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one of wireless access systems, namely IEEE 802.xx system, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) system, 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, 3GPP 5G (5th generation) NR (New Radio) system and 3GPP2 system, and in particular, embodiments of the present disclosure may be supported by 3GPP TS (technical specification) 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.321 and 3GPP TS 38.331 documents.

In addition, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to other wireless access systems and are not limited to the above-described system. For example, they may be applied to systems applied after the 3GPP 5G NR system and are not limited to a specific system.

That is, obvious steps or parts that are not described in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be described by referring to the above documents. In addition, all terms disclosed in this document can be described by the above standard document.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description set forth below together with the accompanying drawings is intended to explain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the technical configuration of the present disclosure may be implemented.

Additionally, specific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to aid in understanding of the present disclosure, and the use of such specific terms may be changed to other forms without departing from the technical spirit of the present disclosure.

The following technology can be applied to various wireless access systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access).

In the following, for the sake of clarity, the description is based on a 3GPP communication system (e.g., LTE, NR, etc.), but the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited thereto. LTE may refer to technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 8. Specifically, LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 may be referred to as LTE-A, and LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 13 may be referred to as LTE-A pro. 3GPP NR may refer to technology after TS 38.xxx Release 15. 3GPP 6G may refer to technology after TS Release 17 and/or Release 18. “xxx” refers to a standard document detail number. LTE/NR/6G may be collectively referred to as a 3GPP system.

For background technology, terms, abbreviations, etc. used in this disclosure, reference may be made to matters described in standard documents published prior to the present invention. For example, reference may be made to standard documents 36.xxx and 38.xxx.

Communication system applicable to the present disclosure

Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication/connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings/descriptions below, the same drawing symbols may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 1, a communication system (100) applied to the present disclosure includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device means a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR, LTE) and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (extended reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI (artificial intelligence) device/server (100g). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones). The XR devices (100c) include augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR)/mixed reality (MR) devices, and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable devices (100d) may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliances (100e) may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT devices (100f) may include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, the base station (120) and network (130) may also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (120a) may act as a base station/network node to other wireless devices.

Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (130) via a base station (120). AI technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (100g) via a network (130). The network (130) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (120)/network (130), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station (120)/network (130). For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle to vehicle)/V2X (vehicle to everything) communication). Additionally, IoT devices (100f) (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

Wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a to 100f)/base stations (120), and base stations (120)/base stations (120). Here, the wireless communication/connection can be established through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access backhaul)). Through the wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c), the wireless device and base station/wireless device, and the base station and base station can transmit/receive wireless signals to each other. For example, the wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting/receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc. may be performed.

Communication system applicable to the present disclosure

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device that can be applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2, the first wireless device (200a) and the second wireless device (200b) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (200a), the second wireless device (200b)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (120)} and/or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 1.

A first wireless device (200a) includes one or more processors (202a) and one or more memories (204a), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206a) and/or one or more antennas (208a). The processor (202a) controls the memory (204a) and/or the transceiver (206a), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202a) may process information in the memory (204a) to generate first information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal via the transceiver (206a). In addition, the processor (202a) may receive a wireless signal including second information/signal via the transceiver (206a), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory (204a). The memory (204a) may be connected to the processor (202a) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202a). For example, the memory (204a) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202a), or may store software codes including instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202a) and the memory (204a) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206a) may be connected to the processor (202a) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208a). The transceiver (206a) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver (206a) may be used interchangeably with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device (200b) includes one or more processors (202b), one or more memories (204b), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206b) and/or one or more antennas (208b). The processor (202b) may control the memories (204b) and/or the transceivers (206b), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202b) may process information in the memory (204b) to generate third information/signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signals via the transceivers (206b). In addition, the processor (202b) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information/signals via the transceivers (206b), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signals in the memory (204b). The memory (204b) may be connected to the processor (202b) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202b). For example, the memory (204b) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202b), or may store software codes including instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202b) and the memory (204b) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206b) may be connected to the processor (202b) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208b). The transceiver (206b) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver (206b) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (200a, 200b) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (202a, 202b). For example, one or more processors (202a, 202b) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP)). One or more processors (202a, 202b) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (202a, 202b) can generate messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. One or more processors (202a, 202b) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, functions, procedures, suggestions and/or methods disclosed herein and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (206a, 206b). One or more processors (202a, 202b) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

The one or more processors (202a, 202b) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. The one or more processors (202a, 202b) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors (202a, 202b). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors (202a, 202b) or stored in one or more memories (204a, 204b) and executed by one or more processors (202a, 202b). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.

One or more memories (204a, 204b) may be coupled to one or more processors (202a, 202b) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and/or commands. The one or more memories (204a, 204b) may be comprised of read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (204a, 204b) may be located internally and/or externally to the one or more processors (202a, 202b). Additionally, the one or more memories (204a, 204b) may be coupled to the one or more processors (202a, 202b) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as described in the methods and/or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) can be coupled to one or more processors (202a, 202b) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (202a, 202b) can control one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (202a, 202b) may control one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may be coupled to one or more antennas (208a, 208b), and one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, and the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (208a, 208b). In the present document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas, or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing using one or more processors (202a, 202b). One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (202a, 202b). For this purpose, one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may include an (analog) oscillator and/or filter.

Wireless device structure applicable to the present disclosure

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless device (300) corresponds to the wireless device (200a, 200b) of FIG. 2, and may be composed of various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. For example, the wireless device (300) may include a communication unit (310), a control unit (320), a memory unit (330), and additional elements (340). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (312) and a transceiver(s) (314). For example, the communication circuit (312) may include one or more processors (202a, 202b) and/or one or more memories (204a, 204b) of FIG. 2. For example, the transceiver(s) (314) may include one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) and/or one or more antennas (208a, 208b) of FIG. 2. The control unit (320) is electrically connected to the communication unit (310), the memory unit (330), and the additional elements (340) and controls overall operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (320) may control electrical/mechanical operations of the wireless device based on programs/codes/commands/information stored in the memory unit (330). In addition, the control unit (320) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (330) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless/wired interface through the communication unit (310), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless/wired interface in the memory unit (330).

The additional element (340) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (340) may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device (300) may be implemented in the form of a robot (FIG. 1, 100a), a vehicle (FIG. 1, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (FIG. 1, 100c), a portable device (FIG. 1, 100d), a home appliance (FIG. 1, 100e), an IoT device (FIG. 1, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, an AI server/device (FIG. 1, 140), a base station (FIG. 1, 120), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary, depending on the use/service.

In FIG. 3, various elements, components, units/parts, and/or modules within the wireless device (300) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (310). For example, within the wireless device (300), the control unit (320) and the communication unit (310) may be wired, and the control unit (320) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (310). In addition, each element, component, unit/part, and/or module within the wireless device (300) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (320) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (320) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (330) may be composed of RAM, DRAM (dynamic RAM), ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

Mobile devices to which the present disclosure applies

FIG. 4 is a drawing illustrating an example of a portable device applied to the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a mobile device to which the present disclosure applies. The mobile device may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, a smart glass), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 4, the portable device (400) may include an antenna unit (408), a communication unit (410), a control unit (420), a memory unit (430), a power supply unit (440a), an interface unit (440b), and an input/output unit (440c). The antenna unit (408) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (410). Blocks 410 to 430/440a to 440c correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3, respectively.

The communication unit (410) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (420) can control components of the portable device (400) to perform various operations. The control unit (420) can include an AP (application processor). The memory unit (430) can store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands required for operating the portable device (400). In addition, the memory unit (430) can store input/output data/information, etc. The power supply unit (440a) supplies power to the portable device (400) and can include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (440b) can support connection between the portable device (400) and other external devices. The interface unit (440b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input/output ports, video input/output ports) for connection with external devices. The input/output unit (440c) can input or output image information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or information input from a user. The input/output unit (440c) can include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (440d), a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in the case of data communication, the input/output unit (440c) obtains information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information/signals can be stored in the memory unit (430). The communication unit (410) can convert the information/signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (410) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information/signals. The restored information/signals can be stored in the memory unit (430) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input/output unit (440c).

Types of wireless devices to which the present disclosure applies

FIG. 5 is a drawing illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present disclosure applies.

FIG. 5 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present disclosure applies. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, a manned/unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc., and is not limited to the form of a vehicle.

Referring to FIG. 5, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (500) may include an antenna unit (508), a communication unit (510), a control unit (520), a driving unit (540a), a power supply unit (540b), a sensor unit (540c), and an autonomous driving unit (540d). The antenna unit (550) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (510). Blocks 510/530/540a to 540d correspond to blocks 410/430/440 of FIG. 4, respectively.

The communication unit (510) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), servers, etc. The control unit (520) can control elements of a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle (500) to perform various operations. The control unit (520) can include an electronic control unit (ECU).

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI device applied to the present disclosure. For example, the AI device may be implemented as a fixed device or a movable device, such as a TV, a projector, a smartphone, a PC, a laptop, a digital broadcasting terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB), a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, etc.

Referring to FIG. 6, the AI device (600) may include a communication unit (610), a control unit (620), a memory unit (630), an input/output unit (640a/640b), a running processor unit (640c), and a sensor unit (640d). Blocks 610 to 630/640a to 640d may correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3, respectively.

The communication unit (610) can transmit and receive wired and wireless signals (e.g., sensor information, user input, learning models, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other AI devices (e.g., FIG. 1, 100x, 120, 140) or AI servers (FIG. 1, 140) using wired and wireless communication technology. To this end, the communication unit (610) can transmit information in the memory unit (630) to the external device or transfer a signal received from the external device to the memory unit (630).

The control unit (620) may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device (600) based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. Then, the control unit (620) may control components of the AI device (600) to perform the determined operation. For example, the control unit (620) may request, search, receive, or utilize data of the learning processor unit (640c) or the memory unit (630), and control components of the AI device (600) to perform a predicted operation or an operation determined to be desirable among at least one executable operation. In addition, the control unit (620) may collect history information including operation contents of the AI device (600) or user feedback on the operation, and store the information in the memory unit (630) or the learning processor unit (640c), or transmit the information to an external device such as an AI server (FIG. 1, 140). The collected history information may be used to update a learning model.

The memory unit (630) can store data that supports various functions of the AI device (600). For example, the memory unit (630) can store data obtained from the input unit (640a), data obtained from the communication unit (610), output data of the learning processor unit (640c), and data obtained from the sensing unit (640). In addition, the memory unit (630) can store control information and/or software codes necessary for the operation/execution of the control unit (620).

The input unit (640a) can obtain various types of data from the outside of the AI device (600). For example, the input unit (620) can obtain learning data for model learning, and input data to which the learning model is to be applied. The input unit (640a) may include a camera, a microphone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit (640b) may generate output related to vision, hearing, or touch. The output unit (640b) may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensing unit (640) may obtain at least one of internal information of the AI device (600), surrounding environment information of the AI device (600), and user information using various sensors. The sensing unit (640) may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar.

The learning processor unit (640c) can train a model composed of an artificial neural network using learning data. The learning processor unit (640c) can perform AI processing together with the learning processor unit of the AI server (Fig. 1, 140). The learning processor unit (640c) can process information received from an external device through the communication unit (610) and/or information stored in the memory unit (630). In addition, the output value of the learning processor unit (640c) can be transmitted to an external device through the communication unit (610) and/or stored in the memory unit (630).

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a method for processing a transmission signal applied to the present disclosure. For example, the transmission signal may be processed by a signal processing circuit. At this time, the signal processing circuit (700) may include a scrambler (710), a modulator (720), a layer mapper (730), a precoder (740), a resource mapper (750), and a signal generator (760). At this time, as an example, the operation/function of FIG. 7 may be performed in the processor (202a, 202b) and/or the transceiver (206a, 206b) of FIG. 2. In addition, as an example, the hardware elements of FIG. 7 may be implemented in the processor (202a, 202b) and/or the transceiver (206a, 206b) of FIG. 2. As an example, blocks 710 to 760 may be implemented in the processor (202a, 202b) of FIG. 2. Additionally, blocks 710 to 750 may be implemented in the processor (202a, 202b) of FIG. 2, and block 760 may be implemented in the transceiver (206a, 206b) of FIG. 2, and are not limited to the above-described embodiments.

The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (700) of FIG. 7. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include a transport block (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH, a PDSCH). Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (710). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value can include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (720). The modulation scheme can include pi/2-BPSK (pi/2-binary phase shift keying), m-PSK (m-phase shift keying), m-QAM (m-quadrature amplitude modulation), etc.

The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by the layer mapper (730). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder (740) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (740) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (730) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (740) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., discrete Fourier transform (DFT) transform) on the complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (740) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper (750) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include a plurality of symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (760) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (760) can include an inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (710 to 760) of FIG. 7. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 200a and 200b of FIG. 2) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port/transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scramble process. The codeword can be restored to an original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler and a decoder.

6G communication system

The 6G (wireless communication) system aims at (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) lower energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: "intelligent connectivity", "deep connectivity", "holographic connectivity", and "ubiquitous connectivity", and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. That is, Table 1 is a table showing the requirements of the 6G system.

Per device peak data rate 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps/Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km/hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully Autonomous vehicle Fully XR Fully Haptic Communication Fully

At this time, 6G systems may have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (mMTC), AI integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to Fig. 8, 6G systems are expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than 5G wireless communication systems. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, is expected to become a more important technology in 6G communications by providing end-to-end delay of less than 1 ms. At this time, 6G systems will have much better volumetric spectral efficiency than frequently used area spectral efficiency. 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technologies for energy harvesting, so that mobile devices in 6G systems may not need to be charged separately.

Core implementation technology of 6G system

- Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The most important and newly introduced technology in the 6G system is AI. The 4G system did not involve AI. The 5G system will support partial or very limited AI. However, the 6G system will be fully AI-supported for automation. Advances in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communications in 6G. Introducing AI in communications can simplify and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analyses to determine how complex target tasks are performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays.

Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. AI can also be a rapid communication in brain computer interface (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

Recently, there have been attempts to integrate AI with wireless communication systems, but these have been focused on the application layer, network layer, and especially deep learning in the field of wireless resource management and allocation. However, these studies are gradually developing into the MAC layer and physical layer, and in particular, there are attempts to combine deep learning with wireless transmission in the physical layer. AI-based physical layer transmission means applying signal processing and communication mechanisms based on AI drivers rather than traditional communication frameworks in terms of fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. For example, it can include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanisms, and AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and power allocation, interference cancellation, etc. in the physical layer of the downlink (DL). Machine learning can also be used for antenna selection, power control, and symbol detection in MIMO systems.

However, the application of DNN for transmission in the physical layer may have the following problems.

Deep learning-based AI algorithms require a large amount of training data to optimize training parameters. However, due to limitations in obtaining data in a specific channel environment as training data, a large amount of training data is used offline. This is because static training on training data in a specific channel environment can cause a conflict between the dynamic characteristics and diversity of the wireless channel.

In addition, current deep learning mainly targets real signals. However, the signals of the physical layer of wireless communication are complex signals. In order to match the characteristics of wireless communication signals, more research is needed on neural networks that detect complex domain signals.

Below, we will look at machine learning in more detail.

Machine learning refers to a series of operations that teach machines to create machines that can perform tasks that people can or cannot do. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be broadly divided into three: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

Neural network learning is to minimize the error of the output. Neural network learning is a process of repeatedly inputting learning data into the neural network, calculating the neural network output and target error for the learning data, and backpropagating the neural network error from the output layer of the neural network to the input layer in the direction of reducing the error, thereby updating the weights of each node of the neural network.

Supervised learning uses training data with correct answers labeled in the training data, while unsupervised learning may not have correct answers labeled in the training data. That is, for example, in the case of supervised learning for data classification, the training data may be data in which each category is labeled in the training data. The labeled training data is input to the neural network, and the error can be calculated by comparing the output (category) of the neural network with the label of the training data. The calculated error is backpropagated in the neural network in the reverse direction (i.e., from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node in each layer of the neural network can be updated according to the backpropagation. The amount of change in the connection weights of each node that is updated can be determined according to the learning rate. The neural network's calculation of the input data and the backpropagation of the error can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate can be applied differently depending on the number of repetitions of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, in the early stages of learning a neural network, a high learning rate can be used to allow the network to quickly reach a certain level of performance, thereby increasing efficiency, while in the later stages of learning, a low learning rate can be used to increase accuracy.

Depending on the characteristics of the data, the learning method may vary. For example, if the goal is to accurately predict data transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver in a communication system, it is preferable to perform learning using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

The learning model corresponds to the human brain, and the most basic linear model can be thought of, but the machine learning paradigm that uses highly complex neural network structures, such as artificial neural networks, as learning models is called deep learning.

The neural network cores used in learning methods can be broadly divided into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), and recurrent Boltzmann machines (RNN), and these learning models can be applied.

THz(Terahertz) communication

THz communication can be applied in 6G systems. For example, the data transmission rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be done by using sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure. As an example, referring to FIG. 9, THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, typically exhibit a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with a corresponding wavelength ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub THz band) is considered to be a major part of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz-3 THz is in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. The 300 GHz-3 THz band is a part of the optical band, but is at the boundary of the optical band, just behind the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities with RF.

Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beam widths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This allows the use of advanced adaptive array techniques to overcome range limitations.

Terahertz (THz) wireless communications

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to Fig. 10, THz wireless communication is a wireless communication using THz waves having a frequency of approximately 0.1 to 10 THz (1 THz = 1012 Hz), and may refer to terahertz (THz) band wireless communication using a very high carrier frequency of 100 GHz or higher. THz waves are located between the RF (Radio Frequency)/millimeter (mm) and infrared bands, and (i) compared to visible light/infrared rays, they penetrate non-metallic/non-polarizable materials well, and compared to RF/millimeter waves, they have a shorter wavelength, so they have high straightness and can enable beam focusing.

Specific embodiments of the present invention

Recently, digital radars that can carry data on radar waveforms, rather than the existing analog radar FMCW (frequency-modulated continuous-wave) method, are attracting attention. As digital radar methods, there are the PMCW (phase-modulated continuous-wave) method that modulates the phase, and the OFDM radar method that uses the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) waveform that is widely used in existing communications. Digital radars can perform radar sensing and communication at the same time, and have the advantage of being robust against interference caused by other radar sensors.

As described above, despite the advantages of digital radar over analog radar, there is a disadvantage in that it is difficult to implement digital radar. In particular, when using a wide bandwidth signal to obtain high resolution, high performance of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) that generates a waveform, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that receives and digitizes a signal, and a baseband amplifier and filter that support a wide bandwidth may be required. In other words, in order to implement a high-resolution digital radar, the DAC and ADC must be able to operate at a high sampling frequency. Therefore, it may also affect the control of the signal processing unit that processes a large amount of data. Therefore, a method for implementing a high-resolution MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) OFDM radar using an ADC and DAC with a low sampling rate is being studied.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a stepped-carrier OFDM scheme according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The stepped-carrier OFDM scheme divides a wide-band OFDM signal into sub-bands and transmits them differentially over time. The LO (local oscillator) frequency of a transmitter and a receiver is increased stepwise over time, and each sub-band frequency is differentially transmitted and received. Therefore, the sampling rate of the ADC and DAC is reduced by the bandwidth of the sub-band. If the signals of the dividedly transmitted sub-bands are all integrated at the receiver, a radar range resolution corresponding to the entire bandwidth can be obtained. However, since the stepped-carrier OFDM scheme applies a time-interleaving scheme to the signals, the Doppler ambiguity of the radar may increase. When this is used for a MIMO radar, a subcarrier-interleaving scheme is used, and there is a disadvantage in that the range ambiguity increases.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a linear frequency-modulated OFDM scheme according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The linear frequency-modulated scheme changes the transmission frequency band over time, similar to the step-carrier OFDM scheme. The stepping of the step-carrier OFDM scheme occurs at each symbol period. However, the frequency-modulated OFDM scheme uses a method of transmitting an OFDM signal by mixing it with an FMCW signal, so that the LO frequency increases linearly, unlike the step-frequency modulation. Since this scheme can utilize the wide bandwidth of the FMCW, it is a method that can obtain high distance resolution. In addition, high Doppler non-ambiguity can be secured by utilizing the short symbol period of the OFDM signal. However, the frequency-modulated OFDM scheme requires that the frequency band of the IF (intermediate frequency) signal of the FMCW does not overlap with the OFDM signal. Therefore, there is a limitation in designing a signal system, and there is a problem that a ghost target occurs due to two modulated signals.

The above-described step-carrier OFDM and linear frequency-modulated OFDM schemes have a disadvantage that the bandwidth of signals transmitted simultaneously during a certain period is a portion of the total available bandwidth. That is, when the above-described two schemes are applied to an actual radar-communication convergence system, the channel capacity is reduced. Therefore, a frequency comb OFDM scheme can be proposed to obtain high range resolution while using an ADC/DAC with a low sampling frequency.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a frequency comb OFDM scheme according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The frequency comb OFDM scheme is a scheme in which, at the hardware level, multiple LOs are used to divide the bandwidth of transmission and reception signals into multiple sub-bands for transmission and reception. Since each sub-band is transmitted without time interleaving, it can have higher Doppler non-ambiguity than the previous step-carrier OFDM scheme. In addition, since the bandwidth of a signal transmitted during a certain symbol interval is the same as the entire bandwidth, there is no loss of communication capacity. However, if the frequency comb OFDM scheme is applied to a MIMO radar, there is still a disadvantage in that range ambiguity increases. In addition, by mixing multiple sub-bands in parallel, the complexity of hardware supporting transmission and reception can become very high.

The present disclosure proposes a frequency-hopping MIMO OFDM scheme that obtains high radar range resolution and prevents loss of communication capacity by using low sampling frequency ADC/DAC. According to the embodiments described below, high range resolution is obtained from the radar side while there is no loss of range unambiguity due to MIMO operation, and the hardware structure can be implemented simply.

However, the frequency-hopping scheme may have implementation difficulties in terms of phase noise and stable design of the setup time interval after frequency change. Since all bandwidths are always used for transmission and reception, frequency resources may be wasted. In addition, as the symbol period becomes longer, the rate resolution also decreases. Therefore, in this disclosure, an active frequency-hopping MIMO OFDM scheme based on user-configured information is proposed. To this end, parameter values used in this disclosure are first defined.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of parameters used in the time-frequency domain in a radar system based on user-configured information according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 14, B denotes a frequency bandwidth to be used in communication, T _s denotes one OFDM symbol period, T _p denotes a total OFDM symbol period, and T _cp denotes a period of a cyclic prefix. A user using a radar-communication convergence system may have various requirements necessary for measurement and communication. User-configured information may be determined based on the user's requirements, and at this time, the user-configured information may include a maximum detection range R _max , a range resolution △R , a maximum detection speed V _max , and a speed resolution △V . Therefore, communication parameters corresponding to the configuration information of each of a plurality of users may be determined.

First, the distance resolution △R and the frequency bandwidth B have the following relationship as shown in [Mathematical Formula 1].

In [Mathematical Formula 1], △R represents the distance resolution, B represents the frequency bandwidth, and c represents the speed of light.

Therefore, by using [Mathematical Formula 1], the bandwidth B can be determined based on the distance resolution △R corresponding to the user's requirements.

Second, the maximum detection rate V _max and one OFDM symbol period T _s have the following relationship as shown in [Mathematical Equation 2].

In [Mathematical Formula 2], V _max means the maximum detection rate, Ts means one OFDM symbol period, c means the speed of light, and f _o means the center frequency to be used for transmission and reception.

Therefore, the overall OFDM symbol period T _s can be determined based on V _max corresponding to the user's requirement. In addition, there may be user requirements for the maximum detection range R _max and the velocity resolution △V. Therefore, the overall symbol period T _p and the cyclic prefix period T _cp can be determined by the relationship of [Mathematical Formula 3] and [Mathematical Formula 4].

In [Mathematical Formula 3], R _max means the maximum detection distance, T _cp means the cyclic prefix period, and c means the speed of light.

[Mathematical expression 4], △V represents the velocity resolution, T _p represents the total symbol period, c represents the speed of light, and f _o represents the center frequency to be used for transmission and reception.

Therefore, at least one of the values of parameters used in the time-frequency domain, such as a bandwidth, an OFDM symbol period, a total OFDM symbol period, and a cyclic prefix, can be determined by user-configured information corresponding to user requirements. At this time, the user-configured information must include the maximum detection distance, distance resolution, and maximum detection speed. and speed resolution are not necessarily all present. For example, if the user's requirements only affect the range resolution and maximum detection speed, the bandwidth and one OFDM symbol period may be determined, and the remaining parameter values may be determined as preset or optimized values. Based on the determined parameter values, the transmitter can determine a frequency hopping OFDM waveform that matches the user-configured information. In the following, a method of operating a transceiver using the determined frequency hopping OFDM waveform will be described.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a transmission pattern of a signal according to an OFDM waveform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 15, when the number of transmission channels is N _TX , the device divides the entire OFDM bandwidth B into N _TX subbands (1504-1 to 1504-N _TX ) and assigns each of the subbands (1504-1 to 1504-N _TX ) to a transmission channel. The device has a plurality of transmission antennas to enable MIMO operation, and includes a plurality of transmitters connected to the plurality of transmission antennas. Here, the transmitter can be understood as a transmission chain. That is, each transmitter included in the device transmits an OFDM subband signal having a transmission subband bandwidth B _IF,TX . The DAC bandwidth B _IF,TX of each transmitter can be expressed as in the following [Mathematical Formula 5].

In [Mathematical Formula 5], B _IF,TX represents the DAC bandwidth of the transmitter, N _TX represents the number of transmission subbands, and B represents the given total bandwidth.

Additionally, during one OFDM symbol interval T _S , after each subband is transmitted on each transmission channel, during the next symbol interval, the transmitter hops frequencies by Δf _H and transmits a signal on a subband of a different frequency.

At this time, the size of frequency hopping Δf _H can be determined as shown in [Mathematical Formula 6] below.

In [Mathematical Formula 6], Δf _H represents the frequency hopping size, B _IF,TX represents the DAC bandwidth of the transmitter, and B _IF,RX represents the ADC bandwidth of the receiver.

In order to obtain the same effect even when the number of available channels for transmission and the number of available channels for reception are not the same, the size of frequency hopping is determined based on a larger value of the transmission bandwidth and the reception bandwidth. At this time, if the number of available channels for transmission and the number of available channels for reception have an integer multiple of 1 or more, the movement distance of the subband due to frequency hopping can be determined as subbands as an integer number of 2 or more. For example, if the ADC bandwidth of the receiver is twice the DAC bandwidth of the transmitter, the transmitter can transmit a signal in the order of the nth subband, the n+2th subband, and the n+4th subband in consecutive symbol intervals according to frequency hopping.

In this way, the transmitter transmits signals during the transmission interval T _p including the entire symbol intervals (1502-1 to 1502-N _TX ) while hopping the frequency. At this time, the transmission interval T _p is determined so that all transmission channels can transmit signals in all subbands. That is, in Fig. 15, by observing only the frequency band corresponding to any one subband, it can be confirmed that the signals of all transmitters are transmitted during the transmission interval. This is to ensure that each receiver can receive signals of all transmission channels in all reception channels. Therefore, the transmission interval T _p can be determined as shown in the following [Mathematical Formula 7].

In [Mathematical Formula 7], T _p represents a transmission interval, T _S represents a symbol interval, N _TX represents the number of transmission subbands, and N _RX represents the number of reception subbands.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a reception pattern of a signal according to an OFDM waveform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the case of reception, if the total number of receivers is N _RX , the device divides the total OFDM signal bandwidth B into N _RX subbands (1504-1 to 1504-N _TX ) and allocates the subbands (1504-1 to 1504-N _TX ) to each reception channel. The device has a plurality of reception antennas to enable MIMO operation, and includes a plurality of receivers connected to the plurality of reception antennas. Here, the receiver can be understood as a reception chain. At this time, signals corresponding to the bandwidth B _IF,RX of each of the receivers included in the device are received during the entire symbol period T _p . The bandwidth B _IF,RX of each receiver can be expressed as in [Mathematical Formula 8].

In [Mathematical Formula 8], B _IF,RX represents the ADC bandwidth of the receiver, N _RX represents the number of receiving subbands, and B represents the given total bandwidth.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of operation of transmitters and receivers according to an OFDM waveform according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 17, the device includes N _TX transmitters (1710-1 to 1710-N _TX ) and transmits signals TX ₁ to TX _{N_TX} through the transmitters (1710-1 to 1710-N _TX ). Each of the transmitters (1710-1 to 1710-N _TX ) includes DACs and mixers for an I-channel and a Q-channel, and an LO for supplying a frequency signal to the mixers. To form a transmission pattern such as that of FIG. 15 , the transmitters (1710-1 to 1710-N _TX ) start transmitting on different subbands and repeatedly perform transmission of the same signal on multiple subbands during a transmission period. For example, N _TX subbands are used, and each of the transmitters (1710-1 to 1710-N _TX ) can perform one transmission per subband as multiple transmissions.

The device includes N _RX receivers (1720-1 to 1720-N _RX ) and transmits signals TX ₁ to TX _{N_TX} through the receivers (1720-1 to 1720-N _RX ). Each of the receivers (1720-1 to 1720-N _RX ) includes mixers for I-channel and Q-channel, ADCs, and an LO for supplying a frequency signal to the mixers. In order to form a reception pattern as in FIG. 16, the receivers (1720-1 to 1720-N _RX ) perform reception on different subbands during a transmission period. For example, N _RX subbands are used, and each of the receivers (1720-1 to 1720-N _RX ) sequentially receives different signals on one subband.

The operation of the frequency hopping MIMO OFDM waveform, transmitter and receiver according to the above-described embodiment provides a radar range resolution ΔR=c/(2B) corresponding to the entire OFDM bandwidth B. In addition, the sampling bandwidth of the DAC and the ADC which generate and receive signals in each transmitter and each receiver is also reduced to B _IF,TX and B _IF,RX . In addition, since the method of interleaving subcarriers for MIMO operation is not used, there is no loss of range unambiguity. Furthermore, since the bandwidth of the signal transmitted during one symbol interval is maintained as B when the waveform as in the above-described embodiment is used, loss of channel capacity is prevented. Therefore, if the hopping parameter is determined based on user requirements, efficient communication can be enabled by preventing loss of channel capacity based on the above-described method.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for determining frequency hopping-related parameter values based on user-configured information according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 18, in various environments, a user can efficiently adjust the sensing capability according to the intended use of the terminal.

In step S1801, the terminal sets an operation method based on a user environment. For this purpose, the terminal can determine parameter values related to sensing according to the user environment. The parameter values related to sensing can include at least one of the user setting information determined based on the user requirements as described above, such as the maximum detection distance R _max , the distance resolution △R , the maximum detection speed V _max , and the speed resolution △V . In addition, the terminal can obtain the user setting information in various ways. For example, a vertical terminal environment can be configured. In the vertical terminal environment, the user can directly determine parameter values related to sensing and input them to the terminal, or can determine parameter values related to sensing that are preset by a KPI (Key Performance Indicator) required for the corresponding terminal.

In another example, user setting information may be determined by a sensor that monitors the external environment. For example, at least one of the maximum detection distance, distance resolution, maximum detection speed, and speed resolution values required according to the brightness of the external environment may be determined. Accordingly, the terminal may continuously monitor the brightness of the external environment and change the user setting information based on the monitoring.

As another example, the terminal can determine user configuration information based on the JCAS (joint communication and sensing) resource database. The resource database can be trained using an artificial intelligence model. To this end, the terminal can use past frequency hopping parameter values as input values of the training model, and train the resource database in the direction of increasing the objective function, such as sensing resolution or transmission rate, as an objective function.

In step S1803, the terminal determines parameter values related to a radar signal. The terminal can determine at least one of a frequency bandwidth B, an OFDM symbol period T _s , a total OFDM symbol period T _p , or a period T _cp of a cyclic prefix based on the user setting information determined in step S1801 by using [Mathematical Formula 1] to [Mathematical Formula 4]. For example, when the range resolution and the maximum detection speed are determined in step S1801, the bandwidth B and the OFDM symbol period T _s can be determined by using [Mathematical Formula 1] and [Mathematical Formula 2]. In this case, the total OFDM symbol period T _p or the period T _cp of the cyclic prefix can be determined by considering the resource conditions of the terminal based on the determined bandwidth and symbol period or can be determined by a preset method.

In step S1805, the terminal determines parameter values related to frequency hopping. The parameter values related to frequency hopping may include at least one of an ADC bandwidth of a transmitter, an ADC bandwidth of a receiver, a frequency hopping size, or an entire transmission interval. The terminal may determine parameter values related to frequency hopping by using [Mathematical Formula 5] to [Mathematical Formula 8] based on the parameter values related to the radar signal determined in step S1803. At this time, if the entire OFDM symbol interval T _p has already been determined in step S1803, the terminal may determine a larger value between the T _p value determined in step S1803 and the T _p value determined in [Mathematical Formula 7] as the entire OFDM symbol interval value. The method for determining the entire OFDM symbol interval value is not necessarily limited to the above-described method, and may be implemented differently depending on the importance of requirements necessary for communication efficiency and sensing.

Additionally, the frequency hopping related parameter values determined in step S1805 can be transmitted to the receiving terminal. For example, the transmitting terminal can transmit the frequency hopping related parameter values to the base station, and the base station can transmit the frequency hopping related parameter values to the receiving terminal again. As another example, the transmitting terminal can directly transmit to the receiving terminal using side communication. In addition, the frequency hopping related parameter values can be transmitted through an RRC (radio resource control) connection. As another example, if the transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal always operate in the same user environment-based operation method setting, they can attempt to transmit and receive signals with the frequency hopping related parameter values determined by each without separate signaling. The following proposes a method for transmitting and receiving signals with parameter values determined based on the above-described method.

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method in which a terminal transmits a signal and performs sensing based on user setting information according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

In step S1901, the terminal can determine frequency hopping related parameter values based on user setting information through the method described in FIG. 18, and the terminal can transmit the frequency hopping related parameter values to the receiving device through a method such as transmitting them through a base station or directly transmitting them.

In step S1903, the terminal generates a codeword by encoding information bits to be transmitted. The terminal can generate a codeword by encoding an information block.

In step S1905, the terminal generates modulation symbols based on the codeword. The modulation scheme may include pi/2-BPSK (pi/2-binary phase shift keying), m-PSK (m-phase shift keying), m-QAM (m-quadrature amplitude modulation), etc.

In step S1907, the terminal transmits a signal based on the parameter values related to the frequency hopping determined in step S1901 using modulation symbols. The modulation symbols may be allocated in the time-frequency domain as described above with reference to FIG. 15. Accordingly, the terminal may be provided with a plurality of transmit antennas to enable MIMO operation, and may include a plurality of transmitters connected to the plurality of transmit antennas. Each transmitter included in the device transmits an OFDM subband signal having a transmit subband bandwidth B _IF,TX . Accordingly, each transmitter transmits a subband on each transmit channel during one OFDM symbol period T _S based on the determined parameter. During the next symbol period, the transmitter hops the frequency by Δf _H and transmits a subband signal of a different frequency. In addition, the transmitter may transmit signals during a transmission period T _p including the entire symbol periods while hopping the frequency. At this time, the transmission period T _p may be determined so that all transmit channels can transmit signals on all subbands.

In step S1909, the terminal performs sensing using the reflected signals of the transmitted signal. Through these processes, the terminal can perform sensing and achieve user requirements corresponding to user setting information at the same time.

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for a terminal to receive a signal using a frequency hopping technique based on user setting information according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

In step S2001, the receiving terminal receives frequency hopping-related parameter values based on the user setting information determined by the transmitting terminal. As described above, the transmitting terminal can directly transmit to the receiving terminal, or can transmit through the base station. However, it is not necessarily limited to receiving the frequency hopping-related parameter values through communication. For example, if the receiving terminal and the transmitting terminal exist in the same environment and can each derive parameter values and have the same result values, the parameter values can be determined in the same way as the transmitting method based on the receiving user setting information. In addition, the receiving terminal can receive the parameter values using the preset values or in a form where the parameter values are indexed into a codebook.

At step S2003, the receiving terminal receives a hopping signal based on the configuration information.

In step S2005, modulation symbols are extracted based on the received signal. As described above in FIG. 16, the receiving terminal is equipped with multiple receiving antennas to enable MIMO operation, and may include multiple receivers connected to the multiple receiving antennas. Accordingly, the receiving terminal can receive signals corresponding to the bandwidth B _IF,RX of each of the receivers included in the receiving terminal during the entire symbol period T _p . The receiving terminal can divide the received modulation symbols into one OFDM symbol period T _S and extract each modulation symbol.

In steps S2007 to S2009, a codeword is generated based on modulation symbols, and the codeword is then changed into information bits to receive data.

Although the above suggests that the terminal determines the frequency hopping related parameter values based on the user configuration information, it is not necessarily limited to the above-described embodiment. As an example, as follows, the base station can determine the frequency hopping related parameter values based on the user configuration information from the terminal.

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating signaling for base stations and terminals to transmit and receive radar signals based on user configuration information according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. According to FIG. 21, a base station (2110) can determine frequency hopping-related parameter values based on user configuration information.

In step S2101, the first terminal (2120-1) transmits user setting information related parameters to the base station (2110). At this time, the user setting information related parameter values are maximum detection distance, distance resolution, and maximum detection speed. and may include at least one of speed resolution, etc.

At this time, the first terminal (2120-1) can obtain user setting information in various ways. As described above in Fig. 18, a vertical terminal environment can be configured. In the vertical terminal environment, a user can directly determine parameter values related to sensing and input them to the first terminal (2120-1). In addition, a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) required for the first terminal (2120-1) can be set, and parameter values related to sensing can be determined based on the KPI.

As another example, setting information may be determined based on sensor values that monitor the external environment. For example, at least one of the maximum detection distance, distance resolution, maximum detection speed, and speed resolution values may be determined based on the performance required according to the brightness of the external environment. Accordingly, the first terminal (2120-1) may continuously monitor the brightness of the external environment and change the user setting information based on the monitoring.

As another example, user setting information can be determined based on a JCAS (joint communication and sensing) resource database. The resource database can be learned using an artificial intelligence model, and for this purpose, the first terminal (2120-1) can use past frequency hopping parameter values as input values of the learning model, and learn the resource database in the direction of increasing the objective function with the sensing resolution or transmission rate as the objective function.

In step S2103, the base station (2110) determines parameter values related to frequency hopping based on the received user configuration information. Based on the received user configuration information, parameter values related to frequency hopping can be determined using [Mathematical Formula 5] to [Mathematical Formula 8].

In step S2105, the base station (2110) transmits the determined frequency hopping related parameter values to the first terminal (2120-1) and the second terminal 2 (2120-2). The base station can allocate communication resources in the form of an RRC message. Therefore, the base station (2110) allocates communication resources to the terminals (2120-1 and 2120-2) by including the frequency hopping related parameters in the RRC message, and the terminals can perform communication based on the allocated resources.

In step S2107, the first terminal (2120-1) transmits a JCAS radar signal. For example, as described above in FIG. 15, the first terminal (2120-1) can transmit a radar signal having a transmission section including entire symbol sections while hopping frequencies based on the frequency hopping related parameter values received from the base station (2110). As described above in FIG. 16, the second terminal 2 (2120-2) can sequentially receive different signals in one sub-band. Additionally, the first terminal (2120-1) can also perform sensing using a reflection signal of the transmitted JCAS radar signal.

Although the method for a terminal to transmit user-based parameters to a base station is described above, it is also possible for the base station to determine user-based parameters without receiving the user-based parameters from the terminal. For example, the base station may monitor the external environment to directly determine the user-based parameters. As another example, the user-based parameters may be determined in a vertical environment, such as by a communication operator directly inputting the parameters at the base station or by being determined to satisfy KPI criteria. Therefore, it is not limited to the above-described method, and the base station may determine hopping-related parameters based on user-configured information in various ways.

It is obvious that the examples of the proposed methods described above can also be included as one of the implementation methods of the present disclosure, and thus can be considered as a kind of proposed methods. In addition, the proposed methods described above can be implemented independently, but can also be implemented in the form of a combination (or merge) of some of the proposed methods. Information on whether the proposed methods are applied (or information on the rules of the proposed methods) can be defined as a rule so that the base station notifies the terminal through a predefined signal (e.g., a physical layer signal or a higher layer signal).

The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the technical ideas and essential features described in the present disclosure. Accordingly, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in all aspects but should be considered as illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all changes within the equivalent scope of the present disclosure are included in the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the patent claims may be combined to form an embodiment or may be included as a new claim by a post-filing amendment.

Embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various wireless access systems. As examples of various wireless access systems, there are 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) or 3GPP2 systems.

The embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied not only to the various wireless access systems described above, but also to all technical fields that apply the various wireless access systems described above. Furthermore, the proposed method can also be applied to mmWave and THz communication systems that utilize ultra-high frequency bands.

Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various applications such as autonomous vehicles and drones.

Claims (19)

In a method of operating a first terminal in a wireless communication system, A step of determining frequency hopping related parameter values based on user setting information; A step of encoding information bits to generate at least one codeword; A step of generating modulation symbols based on at least one codeword; A step of transmitting an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) signal including the above modulation symbols to a second terminal; and Comprising a step of performing sensing based on a reflection signal of the above OFDM signal, An operation method of a first terminal, wherein the OFDM signal including the modulation symbols is allocated to time resources and frequency resources based on the frequency hopping related parameter values, and the user setting information includes a distance resolution and a maximum detection speed. In the first paragraph, a step of determining the above user setting information; and A method of operating a first terminal, further comprising the step of transmitting the frequency hopping related parameter values to the second terminal. In the second paragraph, The above frequency hopping related parameter values include bandwidth, OFDM symbol period, frequency hopping size, and total OFDM symbol period. An operating method of a first terminal, wherein the bandwidth is determined based on the distance resolution, and the OFDM symbol period is determined based on the maximum detection rate. In the third paragraph, A method of operating a first terminal, wherein the first terminal determines the frequency hopping size and the total OFDM symbol period based on the determined bandwidth and OFDM symbol period. In the fourth paragraph, The operating method of the first terminal, wherein the frequency hopping size is determined as a value greater than or equal to a value obtained by dividing the bandwidth by the number of transmit antennas and a value obtained by dividing the bandwidth by the number of receive antennas. In clause 5, The operating method of the first terminal, wherein the total OFDM symbol period is determined by a value obtained by multiplying the OFDM symbol period by a value that is smaller than or equal to the number of the transmitting antennas and the number of the receiving antennas. In Article 6, A method of operating a first terminal, wherein, when the OFDM signal is allocated to the time resource and the frequency resource based on the frequency hopping related parameter values, the OFDM signal is allocated and transmitted to the entire frequency resource based on the frequency hopping related parameter during the entire OFDM symbol period. In the third paragraph, The above user configuration information further includes maximum detection distance and speed resolution, An operating method of a first terminal, wherein the prefix period of the OFDM signal is determined based on the maximum detection distance, and the entire OFDM symbol period is determined based on the velocity resolution. In the first paragraph, A method of operating a first terminal, wherein the user setting information is obtained through user input of a parameter value related to sensing of the first terminal or determined based on information preset in the first terminal. In the first paragraph, The above first terminal monitors the external environment and obtains sensor values, A method of operating a first terminal, which determines the user setting information based on the sensor value. In the first paragraph, The above first terminal obtains at least one piece of information from a JCAS (joint communication and sensing) resource database, A method of operating a first terminal, determining the user setting information based on at least one piece of information acquired above. In Article 11, The above JCAS resource database is learned using an artificial intelligence model, and the learning of the artificial intelligence model is based on the frequency hopping related parameter values, wherein the first terminal's operating method. In the first paragraph, a step of determining the above user setting information; and Further comprising a step of transmitting the frequency hopping related parameter values to the base station, A method of operating a first terminal, wherein the above frequency hopping related parameters are transmitted to the second terminal by the base station. In the first paragraph, a step of transmitting the user setting information to the base station; and Further comprising a step of receiving the frequency hopping related parameter values from the base station, A method of operating a first terminal, wherein the base station determines the frequency hopping related parameter values based on the user setting information and transmits them to the first terminal and the second terminal. In a method of operating a second terminal in a wireless communication system, A step of receiving frequency hopping related parameters based on user setting information from a first terminal; A step of receiving an OFDM signal including modulation symbols from the first terminal; A step of extracting the modulation symbols based on the received OFDM signal; A step of generating at least one codeword based on the above modulation symbols; and A step of generating information bits based on at least one codeword, The above user configuration information includes distance resolution and maximum detection speed, A method of operating a second terminal, wherein the OFDM signal including the modulation symbols is allocated to time resources and frequency resources based on the frequency hopping related parameter values. In a first terminal in a wireless communication system, Transmitter and receiver; and comprising a processor connected to the above transceiver, The above processor, Determines frequency hopping related parameter values based on user setting information, Encode the information bits to generate at least one codeword, Generating modulation symbols based on at least one codeword, Transmitting an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) signal including the above modulation symbols to a second terminal, and Control to perform sensing based on the reflected signal of the above OFDM signal, A first terminal, wherein the OFDM signal including the modulation symbols is allocated to time resources and frequency resources based on the frequency hopping related parameter values, and the user setting information includes a distance resolution and a maximum detection speed. In a second terminal in a wireless communication system, Transmitter and receiver; and comprising a processor connected to the above transceiver, The above processor, Receive frequency hopping related parameters based on user setting information from the first terminal, Receive an OFDM signal including modulation symbols from the first terminal, Extracting the modulation symbols based on the received OFDM signal, Generating at least one codeword based on the above modulation symbols, and Control to generate information bits based on at least one codeword, The above user configuration information includes distance resolution and maximum detection speed, A second terminal, wherein the OFDM signal including the modulation symbols is allocated to time resources and frequency resources based on the frequency hopping related parameter values. In a communication device, At least one processor; At least one computer memory coupled to said at least one processor and storing instructions that direct operations when executed by said at least one processor, The above actions are, A step of determining frequency hopping related parameter values based on user setting information; A step of encoding information bits to generate at least one codeword; A step of generating modulation symbols based on at least one codeword; A step of transmitting an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) signal including the above modulation symbols to a second terminal; and Comprising a step of performing sensing based on a reflection signal of the above OFDM signal, A communication device, wherein the OFDM signal including the modulation symbols is allocated to time resources and frequency resources based on the frequency hopping related parameter values, and the user setting information includes a distance resolution and a maximum detection rate. In a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing at least one instruction, comprising at least one instruction executable by the processor, At least one of the above commands causes the device to: Determines frequency hopping related parameter values based on user setting information, Encode the information bits to generate at least one codeword, Generating modulation symbols based on at least one codeword, Transmitting an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) signal including the above modulation symbols to a second terminal, and Control to perform sensing based on the reflected signal of the above OFDM signal, A computer-readable medium wherein the OFDM signal including the modulation symbols is allocated to time resources and frequency resources based on the frequency hopping related parameter values, and the user setting information includes a distance resolution and a maximum detection rate.

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