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WO2025062439A1 - Procédé et système de communication pour dispositifs dans des réseaux sans fil - Google Patents

Procédé et système de communication pour dispositifs dans des réseaux sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025062439A1
WO2025062439A1 PCT/IN2024/051803 IN2024051803W WO2025062439A1 WO 2025062439 A1 WO2025062439 A1 WO 2025062439A1 IN 2024051803 W IN2024051803 W IN 2024051803W WO 2025062439 A1 WO2025062439 A1 WO 2025062439A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reader
message
transmission
resources
time
Prior art date
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PCT/IN2024/051803
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English (en)
Inventor
Vishakha Singh
Thirunageswaram Ramachandran Ramya
Abhijeet Abhimanyu Masal
Jeniston Deviraj Klutto Milleth
Bhaskar Ramamurthi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre of Excellence In Wireless Technology
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Original Assignee
Centre of Excellence In Wireless Technology
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
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Publication of WO2025062439A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025062439A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/009—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity specially adapted for networks, e.g. wireless sensor networks, ad-hoc networks, RFID networks or cloud networks

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally, relates to loT devices. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a methods and systems for synchronization, signaling, configurations, clock design, transmission, backscatter, and reception for loT devices in a Broadband Wireless Networks.
  • loT refers to an ecosystem of a large number of devices in which every device is connected to a wireless sensor network using low-cost self-powered sensor nodes.
  • Ambient loT devices also known as ambient intelligence or ambient computing devices, are a subset of loT devices that operate in the background, using sensors, data analytics, and connectivity to create intelligent and adaptive environments. These devices are often unobtrusive, embedded in our surroundings, and provide a continuous flow of data that can be analyzed and acted upon to improve various aspects of our lives.
  • Ultra-low power Internet of things has attracted much attention in the wireless communication world.
  • Ultra-low power devices refer to ambient IOT devices (A-IOT).
  • a massive number of devices are expected to be interconnected to improve productivity, efficiency and increase the comforts of life.
  • Further reduction of size, complexity, and power consumption of A-IoT devices can enable the deployment of tens or even hundreds of billion A-IoT devices for various applications and provide added value across the entire value chain. It is impossible to power all the A-IoT devices by battery that needs to be replaced or recharged manually, which leads to high maintenance cost, serious environmental issues, and even safety hazards in some use cases (e.g., wireless sensor in electric power and petroleum industry).
  • A-IoT devices can be maintenance free and can have long life span (e.g. more than 10 years).
  • RFID has been used in many kinds of applications, such as retail and logistics.
  • RFID has been trialed for manufacturing logistics.
  • manual scanning is still needed due to the poor effective communication range of a few meters.
  • the limited reading range of a few meters usually requires handheld scanning which leads to labor intensive and time-consuming operations, or RFID portals/gates which leads to costly deployments.
  • the lack of interference management scheme results in severe interference between RFID readers and capacity problems. Especially in case of dense deployment. It is hard to support large-scale networks with seamless coverage for RFID.
  • A-IoT devices should be significantly larger compared with RFID.
  • An A-IoT reader is expected to support reliable reading within tens of meters for indoor scenarios.
  • a network which scales with the number of devices or readers should also be supported for practical deployments, and it should be able to adapt to e.g., interference between readers to avoid the cost of complicated network planning.
  • A-IOT devices are generally ultra-low complexity devices with ultra- low power consumption for the very-low end applications.
  • the use cases for A-IOT devices can be broadly classified into four categories such as tag identification, sensor monitoring, target tracking and actuator. Typical scenarios such as automated warehousing, automobile manufacturing, and medical instruments inventory management etc.
  • Sensor monitor refers to the detection of KPI data in the surrounding environment through sensors, and then, using these data to make corresponding judgments to achieve corresponding detection purposes, including danger, disaster, and health detection and data reporting.
  • Target tracking is an application that uses the network to obtain device location information to locate targets, including item finding, positioning and tracking, etc.
  • An actuator is a device that converts energy into motion. It does this by taking an electrical signal and combining it with an energy source. An actuator comes in a few different guises, including Pneumatic, Hydraulic, Electric, Thermal and Magnetic.
  • A-IOT devices are generally classified into a passive A-IOT devices, Semipassive A-IOT devices and an Active A-IOT devices, based on their energy storage capability.
  • the Passive A-IOT device are battery less devices with no energy storage capability, and completely dependent on the availability of an external source of energy.
  • the passive A-IOT device can not generate or amplify the signal independently and uses the backscattering transmission principle. However, devices with limited energy storage capability do not need to be replaced or recharged manually. Passive A-IOT devices principally works on the principle of backscatter communication.
  • the backscatter transmitter reflects the carrier wave sent by a reader and modifies one or more characteristics (e.g., amplitude, phase, or center frequency) of the reflected signal according to the information bits stored in its memory. It performs data transmission without generating carrier wave by itself. Communication via back scattering instead of active radiation reduces the RF frontend of the tag to a single transistor switch, which minimizes the manufacturing cost as well as energy demands.
  • characteristics e.g., amplitude, phase, or center frequency
  • a Semi-passive A-IOT devices have battery but with limited energy storage capability, but cannot generate the signal independently. Therefore, it also uses the backscattering transmission principle. In this device type, the usage of stored energy can include amplification for reflected signals.
  • Active A-IOT devices have battery, which can store energy, and have all active RF components. Therefore, the active A-IOT devices have a capability of generating/amplifying the signal independently.
  • A-IOT device depolyment can include two entity, one is Reader and the other is Tag/A-IoT device (also known as ’’device”).
  • the Reader can be handheld device, a base station, a use equipment (UE), Network-Controlled Repeater (NCR), Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB), repeater and mounted to infrastructure like transmission reception pointetc.
  • the Reader may or may not be battery constrained and can be connected to an A- loT server.
  • the Tag which deploy one or more loT device may only connect to a Reader with A-IoT Radio, can be attached to any object, may not has any active connection to an A-IoT server, and any data exchange between the Tag and Server is via the Reader (e.g. Tag signature, configuration, data reporting.
  • A-IoT devices are interconnected to form an eco-system and these A-IoT devices are connected to the base station or A-IoT server which are configured to receive information/data from these loT devices.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of wireless communication by a reader to at least one device, comprising: transmitting by the reader, a first message to plurality of devices, wherein the first message comprises at least one of a predefined sequence, a predetermined sequence and a first configuration; receiving by the reader, a second message from at least one device from the plurality of the devices, wherein the second message comprises at least one of an ID associated with at least one device, at least one echo of the first message, at least one derivative of the first message and at least one response to the first message; transmitting by the reader, a third message to the at least one device, wherein the third message comprises at least one of at least one echo of the second message, at least one derivative of the second message, at least one response to the second message and a second configuration; and performing by reader, at least one of transmission and reception with at least one device based on the at least one of the first message and the third message.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of wireless communication by a device with a reader, comprising: receiving, first message by the device from the reader, wherein first message is received using a predetermined sequence, performing by the device, at least one of transmission and backscatter, a second message wherein the second message comprises at least one of an ID associated with at least one device, at least one echo of the first message, at least one derivative of the first message and at least one response to the first message; receiving by the device, a third message, wherein the third message comprises at least one of at least one echo of the second message, at least one derivative of the second message, at least one response to the second message and a second configuration; and performing by the device at least one of transmission, backscatter and reception with the reader based on the at least one of the first message and the third message.
  • the present disclosure provides a reader, comprising: at least a memory; at least one processor coupled to the memory; and a transceiver coupled to the processor and the memory; wherein the processor and the transceiver are configured to: transmit a first message to plurality of devices, wherein the first message comprises at least one of a predefined sequence, a predetermined sequence and a first configuration; receive a second message from at least one device from the plurality of the devices, wherein the second message comprises at least one of an ID associated with at least one device, at least one echo of the first message, at least one derivative of the first message and at least one response to the first message; transmit a third message to the at least one device, wherein the third message comprises at least one of at least one echo of the second message, at least one derivative of the second message, at least one response to the second message and a second configuration; and perform at least one of transmission and reception with at least one device based on the at least one of the first message and the third message.
  • the present disclosure provides a device, comprising: one or more circuitry is configured to: receive, first message from the reader, wherein first message is received using a predetermined sequence, perform, at least one of transmission and backscatter, a second message wherein the second message comprises at least one of an ID associated with the device, at least one echo of the first message, at least one derivative of the first message and at least one response to the first message; receive, a third message, wherein the third message comprises at least one of at least one echo of the second message, at least one derivative of the second message, at least one response to the second message and a second configuration; and perform at least one of transmission, backscatter and reception with the reader based on the at least one of the first message and the third message.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of enabling at least one device to perform monitoring, measurement and reporting, by a reader, the method comprises: transmitting configuration to the at least one device, from the reader to perform certain actions, wherein the actions include at least one of adjustment of settings, activation of device, deactivation of device, initiation of alerts and notification; transmitting a signal to the at least one device for the purpose of measurement of at least one parameter; and receiving at least one response from the at least one device when there is a deviation in the at least one measured value.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of monitoring, measurement and reporting by a device, the method comprising steps of: receiving configuration from a reader to perform one or more actions, wherein the one or more actions include at least one of adjustment of settings, activation of device, deactivation of device, initiation of alerts and notification; receiving a signal from the reader for measurement of at least one parameter; performing measurement of at least one parameter on the received signal; and at least one of transmitting and backscattering at least one response to the reader when there is a deviation in the at least one measured value.
  • the present disclosure provides a reader, comprising: at least a memory; at least one processor coupled to the memory; and a transceiver coupled to the processor and the memory; wherein the processor and the transceiver are configured to: transmit configuration to the at least one device, to perform certain actions, wherein the actions include at least one of adjustment of settings, activation of device, deactivation of device, initiation of alerts and notification; transmit a signal to the at least one device for the purpose of measurement of at least one parameter; and receive at least one response from the at least one device when there is a deviation in the at least one measured value.
  • the present disclosure provides a device for monitoring, measurement and reporting, the device comprises one or more circuitry to: receive configuration from a reader to perform one or more actions, wherein the one or more actions include at least one of adjustment of settings, activation of device, deactivation of device, initiation of alerts and notification; receive a signal from the reader for measurement of at least one parameter; perform measurement of at least one parameter on the received signal; and at least one of transmit and backscatter at least one response to the reader when there is a deviation in the at least one measured value.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of communication, comprising determining by the reader at least one pattern to communicate with at least one device, wherein the at least one pattern comprises at least one of: ON period and off period, charging period and discharging period, transmission period and reception period; and signalling by the reader, the at least one pattern to at least one device; performing by the reader, at least one of transmission and reception based on the at least one pattern.
  • the present disclosure provides a reader comprising: at least a memory; at least one processor coupled to the memory; and a transceiver coupled to the processor and the memory; wherein the processor and the transceiver are configured to: determine at least one pattern to communicate with at least one device, wherein the at least one pattern comprises at least one of: ON period and off period, charging period and discharging period, transmission period and reception period; and signal the at least one pattern to at least one device; and perform at least one of transmission and reception based on the at least one pattern.
  • the present disclosure provides a method to operate a device in communication system with a reader, the method comprising: performing by the device, at least one of turning ON and turning off, energy harvesting, and at least one of transmission, backscatter and reception based on the at least one pattern, wherein the at least one pattern comprises of at least one of ON period and off period, charging period and discharging period, and transmission period and reception period.
  • the present disclosure provides a device for monitoring, measurement and reporting, the device comprises one or more circuitry configured to: perform at least one of turning ON and turning off, energy harvesting, and at least one of transmission, backscatter and reception based on at least one pattern, wherein the at least one pattern comprises of at least one of ON period and off period, charging period and discharging period, and transmission period and reception period.
  • the reader is any one of a handheld device, a base station, a use equipment (UE), Network-Controlled Repeater (NCR), Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB), repeater, or any combination thereof.
  • UE use equipment
  • NCR Network-Controlled Repeater
  • IAB Integrated Access and Backhaul
  • the present disclosure provides a system for wireless communication, comprising: at least one reader; and at least one device in communication with the at least one reader; wherein the reader is configured to perform at least one of: transmitting a first message to plurality of devices, wherein the first message comprises at least one of a predefined sequence, a predetermined sequence and a first configuration; receiving a second message from at least one device from the plurality of the devices, wherein the second message comprises at least one of an ID associated with at least one device, at least one echo of the first message, at least one derivative of the first message and at least one response to the first message; transmitting a third message to the at least one device, wherein the third message comprises at least one of at least one echo of the second message, at least one derivative of the second message, at least one response to the second message and a second configuration; performing at least one of transmission and reception with at least one device based on the at least one of the first message and the third message; transmitting configuration to the at least one device, to perform certain actions
  • the at least one device is configured to perform at least one of: receiving, first message by the device from the reader, wherein first message is received using a predetermined sequence; performing by the device, at least one of transmission and backscatter, a second message wherein the second message comprises at least one of an ID associated with at least one device, at least one echo of the first message, at least one derivative of the first message and at least one response to the first message; receiving by the device, a third message, wherein the third message comprises at least one of at least one echo of the second message, at least one derivative of the second message, at least one response to the second message and a second configuration; performing by the device at least one of transmission, backscatter and reception with the reader based on the at least one of the first message and the third message; receiving configuration from a reader to perform one or more actions, wherein the one or more actions include at least one of adjustment of settings, activation of device, deactivation of device, initiation of alerts and notification; receiving a signal from the reader for measurement of at least one parameter
  • Fig. 2 illustrates block diagram of the reader and the A-IoT device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 illustrate signal flow diagram for method of wireless communication between the reader and the A-IoT device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 illustrate signal flow diagram for method of monitoring, measurement and reporting between the reader and the A-IoT device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 illustrate signal flow diagram for method of determining transmission and reception pattern between the reader and the A-IoT device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 illustrates time cycle chart for determining optimal receive period for Ambient loT devices, according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a method for determining optimal receive period for Ambient loT devices, according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 8 illustrates time cycle chart for determining optimal transmit period for Ambient loT devices, according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 9 illustrates a method for determining optimal transmit period for Ambient loT devices, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates a time-slot based grouping of loT devices in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary system is illustrated in Fig. 1 which shows that a reader 101 is wirelessly coupled to one or more devices 102a. . . .102n (collectively referred to as 102).
  • one or more devices 102 are connected to the reader 101 and information is transmitted, backscattered and received between the reader 101 and the device 102.
  • the reader 101 is responsible for managing communication with the devices 102 and serves as a reader that collects data from the devices 102, sends commands, and coordinates their activities.
  • the reader 101 may be connected to a larger network or the internet, enabling data exchange with other systems or cloud services.
  • the reader is any one of a handheld device, a base station, a use equipment (UE), Network-Controlled Repeater (NCR), Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB), repeater, or any combination thereof.
  • the device is at least one of an ambient loT device and loT device.
  • the ambient loT devices is any one of passive loT device, Semi-passive loT device, or Active A-IoT device or any combination thereof.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a general block diagram of the reader 101 and the device 102 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the reader 101 comprises a memory 101a, a processor 101b and a transceiver 101c.
  • the processor 101b includes a processor(s) that may be a single processing unit or a number of units, all of which could include multiple computing units.
  • the processor 101b may be implemented as one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, logical processors, virtual processors, state machines, logic circuitries, and/or any devices that manipulate signals based on operational instructions.
  • the processor 101b is configured to fetch and execute computer-readable instructions and data stored in the memory 101a.
  • the memory 101a may include any non- transitory computer-readable medium known in the art including, for example, volatile memory, such as static random-access memory (SRAM) and dynamic random access memory (DRAM), and/or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM, flash memories, hard disks, optical disks, and magnetic tapes.
  • volatile memory such as static random-access memory (SRAM) and dynamic random access memory (DRAM)
  • non-volatile memory such as read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM, flash memories, hard disks, optical disks, and magnetic tapes.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • erasable programmable ROM erasable programmable ROM
  • flash memories hard disks
  • optical disks optical disks
  • magnetic tapes magnetic tapes
  • the device 102 comprises a circuitry 102a and/or a battery source 102b.
  • the circuitry 102a may be provided as a hardware component such as one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, state machines, logic circuitries, and/or any devices that manipulate signals based on operational instructions.
  • the devices are equipped with a battery source 102b.
  • the device may comprise a memory 102c which for example, may comprise device ID or pre-configured information.
  • the device 102 comprises a backscattering circuitry 102d, an energy harvesting circuitry 102e, a receiving circuitry 102f, a clock circuitry 102g and a transmission circuitry 102h.
  • battery source 102b helps in signal amplification or even independent Radio Frequency signal generation.
  • the batteries 102b also allow for greater flexibility, including mobility in their deployment, as they are not dependent on external energy sources.
  • efficient power management is crucial to extend the operational lifespan of these devices, as replacing batteries in large-scale deployments can be costly and sometimes become impractical.
  • This topology is commonly employed in applications such as environmental monitoring, asset tracking, and industrial automation, command, and positioning, where the reader and devices work together to collect and transmit data for analysis and decision-making.
  • the battery based devices are mainly used in the outdoor scenarios or where the distance between reader and the devices is large.
  • the device needs to connect with reader, and it has to synchronize in downlink as well as in uplink.
  • the Downlink and Uplink synchronization, called as initial access procedure refers to the process a device follows to establish a connection with a reader. This procedure is crucial for allowing the device to access the network and start using its services.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a signal flow diagram between the reader and the device for initialization and configuration of the devices in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the reader 101 and the device 102 are coupled to each other wireless through a wireless network.
  • a non-limiting example of a wireless network is broadband wireless network.
  • the signal flow diagram illustrated in Fig. 3 illustrates initialization and configuration of the one or more devices with one or more readers.
  • the reader 101 and the device 102 are configured for uplink and downlink transmission of one or more messages in the network.
  • the reader 101 is configured to identifying one or more orthogonal sequence for one or more devices 102 for sending the data to the reader 101 and subsequently, the reader 101 receives one or more messages from one or more devices 102 in a predetermined optimal receive and transmission period window in accordance with orthogonal sequence.
  • the reader 101 transmits a first message to plurality of the devices 102.
  • the first message comprises at least one of a predefined sequence, a predetermined sequence and a first configuration.
  • the first message is transmitted by the reader 101 to at least one device 102 in at least one of predefined resources and predefined time period.
  • the predefined sequence carries a preamble and a known sequence to the devices.
  • the first configuration comprises at least one of time resources, time offset, frequency resources, frequency shift, spatial resources, orthogonal sequences, timing information, clock information and ID associated with the at least one device.
  • the predefined sequence and predetermined sequence is generated using at least one of Zad off chu sequence, gold sequence, orthogonal sequence and pseudo random sequence.
  • the predefined sequence and predetermined sequence used for different reader can be unique and orthogonal which enables the devices to identify the reader.
  • the devices 102 receive the first message using a predetermined sequence from the reader 101.
  • the device 102 transmits and/or backscatters a second message to the reader wherein the second message comprises at least one of a device ID, an echo of the first message, one derivative of the first message and at least one response to the first message.
  • the second message is received by the reader 101 from at least one device 102 in at least one of predefined resources, predetermined resources and the first configuration.
  • the first message sent by the reader 101 triggers the device 102.
  • the device 102 may harvest the energy and using the harvested energy, the device will backscatter the second message using the harvested energy.
  • the backscattered second message should reach the reader in the UL slots of the reader based on the first configuration.
  • the derivative of the first message is at least one of modulation and backscatter by the at least one device 102.
  • the modulation by the device 102 may be performed using at least one of the ID of at least one device and prestored data in the memory 102c of the at least one device 102. Further, the modulation is performed using at least one of amplitude, phase and frequency.
  • the device ID comprises at least one of first ID and second ID.
  • Step 304 the reader 101 receives the second message from at least one device 102 from the plurality of the devices, wherein the second message comprises at least one of an ID associated with at least one device 102, at least one echo of the first message, at least one derivative of the first message and at least one response to the first message.
  • the reader 101 waits for the receiving of the second message from the devices 102, as it is necessary to confirm whether the sequences are successfully received by the devices. If the reader 101 does not receive the second message from the devices within a specified time window, the reader may retransmit the first message to ensure that the devices receive it correctly.
  • the reader 101 transmits a third message to the at least one device 102.
  • the third message is transmitted by the reader 101 from at least one device 102 in at least one of the predetermined resources, the first configuration and the second configuration.
  • the third message comprises at least one of at least one echo of the second message, at least one derivative of the second message, at least one response to the second message and a second configuration.
  • the second configuration comprises at least one of time resources, time offset, frequency resources, frequency shift, spatial resources, orthogonal sequences, timing information, clock information and ID associated with the at least one device.
  • step 306 the device 102 receives a third message, wherein the third message comprises at least one of at least one echo of the second message, at least one derivative of the second message, at least one response to the second message and a second configuration.
  • Step 307 the reader and the devices perform transmission and reception of messages/information based on the first message and the third message.
  • the time resources indicated by the reader to the at least one device comprises at least one of the start time, end time, reference time, and time duration for at least one of transmission and reception. Further, the time is indicated as at least one of slot index, number of slots, OFDM symbol index and number of OFDM symbols.
  • the frequency resources indicated by the reader to the at least one device comprises at least one of the at least one starting frequency, ending frequency, and bandwidth for at least one of transmission and reception, the frequency is indicated as at least one of resource block index, number of resources blocks, subcarrier index and number of subcarriers.
  • the predefined sequence and predetermined sequence is generated using at least one of Zad off chu sequence, gold sequence, orthogonal sequence and pseudo random sequence.
  • the reader 101 is further configured to select at least one device from the plurality of the devices 102a.... l02n based on at least one of predefined sequence, predetermined sequence, time -based, beam-based, frequency-based and code-based.
  • at least one device may comprises at least one of at least one first device, at least one second device, at least one third and at least one fourth device.
  • the first device may be selected based on the at least one of predefined sequence and predetermined sequence.
  • the second device may be selected based on time.
  • the third device is selected based on frequency.
  • the four device is selected based on code.
  • the orthogonal sequence is one of same or different for the at least fourth device.
  • the spatial resources indicated by the reader to the at least one device comprises at least one beam, wherein the at least one beam is indicated using at least one of beam ID and beam index.
  • the orthogonal sequence is used to at least one of identifying the at least device, and indicate the transmission and reception pattern.
  • the clock information is used to indicates the at least one of transmission, reception, transmission duration and reception duration.
  • At least one of predefined sequence and predetermined sequence is used to identify at least one of the reader, the at least one device and transmit-receive pattern.
  • the transmitreceive pattern indicates the transmission, reception, transmission duration and reception duration.
  • the transmission comprises at least one of at least one threshold value, time resources, timing information and frequency resources.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a signal flow diagram depicting the method for performing monitoring, measurement and reporting amongst at least one reader and at least one device.
  • one or more devices 102 are wirelessly coupled to the one or more reader 101 and is configured to provide measurement of one or more parameters associated with device’s environment.
  • one or more parameters may include temperature, pressure etc.
  • the proposed method also finds application in various fields where simultaneous detection and accurate identification of multiple signals are crucial and industries such as retail, logistics, and manufacturing stand to benefit from enhanced inventory management and asset tracking capabilities.
  • the device may send the measured value of the one or more parameters when the measured value meets a threshold limit or deviation.
  • the reader 101 signals the threshold value for the parameters that need to be measured or monitored by the devices 102. This configuration information will be transmitted by the reader to all the devices, and this information contains the threshold value for all parameters. If any parameter value crosses the configured threshold, either exceeding or falling below it, the devices promptly report this deviation to the reader.
  • the reader 101 is configured to transmit configuration to the at least one device 102, to perform certain actions.
  • one or more actions may include at least one of adjustment of settings, activation of device, deactivation of device, initiation of alerts and notification.
  • the configuration transmitted by the reader 101 may comprises at least one threshold value for the measurement of one or more parameters.
  • the threshold value may indicate a value or limit of measured parameters which should be reported to the reader.
  • the configuration comprises at least one of one-time resource, at least one time-window and at least one time-offset.
  • the device 102 receives the configuration from the reader 101 and include indication of one or more actions to be performed by the device 102, which comprises at least one of adjustment of settings, activation of device 102, deactivation of device 102, initiation of alerts and notification.
  • the settings may further comprise reporting requirements which may be either periodic reporting or aperiodic reporting.
  • step 403 the reader 101 transmits a signal to the at least one device 102, the signal indicates the needs for measurement of at least one parameter.
  • step 404 the device 102 receives the signal for initiating the measurement of one or more parameters.
  • step 405 the device 102 based on the configuration and settings, perform the measurement of one or more parameters and sends the measured value of the parameters to the reader.
  • step 406 the reader 101 receives the measured value of the parameters from the one or more devices 102.
  • the device 102 may perform a periodic reporting of measured value of the parameters based on configuration and settings set out by the reader.
  • the device 102 may perform a measurement and report to the reader 101 in an aperiodic manner.
  • the device 102 may send a scheduling request in configured resources to the reader and the reader, upon receiving the scheduling request, may transmit information for at least one of transmitting and backscattering the reported measurement, wherein the information comprises at least one of time resources, time offset, frequency resources, frequency shift, spatial resources, orthogonal sequences, timing information, clock information and ID associated with the at least one device 102.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a signal flow diagram depicting the method for determining one or more patterns to be utilized by the device, in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the reader 101 is configured to determine at least pattern to be followed while communicating with at least one device 102.
  • one or more patterns comprising at least one of ON period and OFF period of devices 102, charging period and discharging period, transmission period and reception period.
  • the pattern is one of predefined in the specification or configured at the time of deployment or signaled by the reader 101.
  • the talk time also known as “On period”
  • listen time also known as “off period”
  • the synchronization helps to distribute the data transmission times to avoid network congestion and collisions.
  • Many loT applications rely on accurate timestamps for data readings and events. Synchronization ensures that all devices in the network have a common time reference, enabling precise timestamping of data for analysis and correlation. Therefore, when reader is in the listen mode, all device should be in transmission mode or vice versa.
  • designing of a reference clock with desired duty cycle (Listen time and Talk time) is required. Listen time and Talk time of the clock can be designed based on the end-to-end latency.
  • the device 102 will listen or receive the signal from reader in the predefined listen time and will transmit or backscatter the signal to reader in predefined talk time.
  • step 502 the reader 101 signals the determined at least one pattern to the at least one device through the wireless network.
  • the transmission and the reception period are determined by the reader based on the TDD configuration.
  • the transmission and the reception period are either fixed or variable.
  • the time division duplex (TDD) configuration for serving the at least one device is determined by (i) increasing the reception period for a fixed transmission period till on successive instances receive one of same energy or the identical number of devices in the reception period; or (ii) increasing the transmission period for a fixed reception period till on successive instances receive one of same energy or the identical number of devices in the reception period.
  • TDD configuration for serving the at least one device is illustrated in reference to Figs. 6 to 9.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates time cycle chart which determining optimal receive period for devices, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the reader attempts to determine the best Time Division Duplex (TDD) configuration for serving multiple devices.
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • the reader transmits energy to the devices for a specific period of time (T t ) and after transmitting, the reader tries to receive the signals transmitted by the devices for a specific period of time (T r ).
  • the reader tries to repeat the transmission and reception cycle multiple times by increasing the reception time in every cycle. For example, as shown in Fig. 5, the reader doubles the reception time in every cycle. In every cycle, the reader measures the energy of the received signal and/or detects the number of devices.
  • the reader assumes that the receiving time period of the (n — l) th cycle is the optimal receiving time period.
  • Step 705 If the energy /number of detected devices in the n th cycle is approximately equal to the energy /number of detected devices in the (n — l) th cycle, the reader, in Step 705, assumes that the receiving time period of the (n — l) th cycle is the optimal receiving time period.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates time cycle chart which determines optimal receive period for devices, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • On time and Off time of the device can be designed based on the charging capabilities of the devices.
  • the amount of time taken by a device to charge its battery can define the Off time of the device.
  • the reader tries to determine the best Time Division Duplex (TDD) configuration for serving multiple devices.
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • the devices transmit or backscatter by using the energy received from the reader.
  • the reader transmits energy to the devices for a specific period of time (T t ) and after transmitting, the reader tries to receive the signals transmitted or backscattered by the devices for a specific period of time (T r ).
  • the reader tries to repeat the transmission and reception cycle multiple times by increasing the transmission time in every cycle. For example, the reader increase the transmission time by an integer value 1 in every cycle. In every cycle, the reader measures the energy of the received signal and/or detects the number of devices. If the energy/number of detected devices in the n th cycle is approximately equal to the energy/number of detected devices in the (n — l) th cycle, the reader assumes that the transmission time period of the (n — l) th cycle is the optimal transmission time period.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates a method for determining optimal time division duplex (TDD) configuration for the transmit period window for the devices, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the reader transmits energy to the devices for a specific period of time (T t ) and, in Step 902, the reader tries to receive the signals transmitted by the devices for a specific period of time (T r ).
  • the reader identifies the number of devices from which the backscattered signals are received in the specific period of time (Tr).
  • the reader repeats the transmission and reception cycle multiple times by increasing the transmission time in every cycle. For example, the reader increase the transmission time by an integer value 1 in every cycle.
  • the reader measures the energy of the received signal and/or detects the number of devices. If the energy/number of detected devices in the n th cycle is approximately equal to the energy/number of detected devices in the (n — l) th cycle, the reader in Step 905 assumes that the transmission time period of the (n — l) th cycle is the optimal transmission time period. [0079]
  • the reader determines the TDD configuration to serve a set of devices wherein the TDD configuration comprises of optimal Tx duration and optimal Rx duration.
  • the reader either needs to identify the devices in any inventory or count the devices or obtain information from the devices (which can be a stored information (e.g., ID, predefined value or a measured value).
  • the reader sends an activation signal, which is a signal carrier suitable for being backscattered by the device with no battery or with limited storage.
  • the device uses the activation signal for their uplink transmission using the back-scattering communication principle.
  • tags In scenarios where a large number of devices (also known as “tags”) are deployed in industrial or inventory settings, all tags present within the vicinity receive this activation signal. All the devices that receive the activation signal would perform backscattering of the activation signal modulated with the stored data in the device’s memory (or controller).
  • the stored value can be the ID value of the device, or they store some value obtained using sensing. Therefore, the reader receives the superimposed signal.
  • a reader receives a signal that contains multiple overlapping signals, it becomes challenging to accurately extract the individual signals from the composite. To address this challenge, the reader simultaneously differentiates multiple device transmitted signals from a superimposed reception.
  • a method is provided herein which centers on the application of orthogonal sequences for uplink transmission.
  • the orthogonal sequence is a function of at least one of device ID and a scrambling sequence.
  • the present disclosure proposes using distinct orthogonal sequences for every device.
  • the backscattered signal is therefore modulated with the orthogonal sequence in every device.
  • These orthogonal sequences can be an Identification number of the device.
  • the recorded/collected/measured value is scrambled with the orthogonal sequence and the scrambled output is used to modulate the backscattering signal. This ensures that each device’s signal maintains its distinctiveness even when signals overlap.
  • This orthogonal sequence-based uplink transmission methodology facilitates the reader in efficiently deciphering the individual device signals from the superimposed signal, thereby enabling accurate and simultaneous detection of all transmitted tag signals.
  • the proposed method finds application in various fields where simultaneous detection and accurate identification of multiple device signals are crucial.
  • Industries such as retail, logistics, and manufacturing stand to benefit from enhanced inventory management and asset tracking capabilities.
  • the method provides a solution to the challenge of detecting individual signals from superimposed receptions.
  • the method achieves simultaneous detection and robust identification of device-transmitted signals, thereby advancing the field of signal processing and device recognition.
  • grouping devices aids in organization and data management.
  • Devices can be assigned to groups based on their usage, location, or any other relevant factor, resulting in a more efficient and streamlined identification process.
  • This structured approach simplifies the maintenance and updates of the system, allowing for changes or additions to specific groups without disrupting the entire setup.
  • Devices in different groups can be differentiated based on time, frequency and space domains and grouping can also be hybrid i.e., combination of multiple methods of grouping.
  • each beam will be associated with a group of devices alone and will result in need of lesser number of orthogonal sequences. This will make it easier to isolate the individual device signals at the reader side and lesser number of bits to represent the devices.
  • the same set of orthogonal sequences can be used for other beams or other set of devices for their data detection. This will give the benefit of avoiding the requirement of enormous number of orthogonal sequences.
  • difference between such beams can be brought in using different phase of the carrier signal associated to the beam, small offset to the carrier frequency, and/or OOK signal patterns etc. This will help to identify the beam from the omni directional back scattering from devices. Therefore, isolation or differentiation of the data among the beams at the reader can be done.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates a time-slot based grouping of loT devices in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a clock may be designed within a device to delay the backscattering.
  • the delay value can be made different for different tags.
  • Tags designed with the same delay will backscatter at the same time. Therefore, devices designed with the same delay can be mapped to the same group and will be assigned with different orthogonal sequences.
  • the same orthogonal sequences can be reused for the devices of different groups, pertaining to different delays. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 10, Tag/device 1 and Tag/device 3 have the same delay and they both can be assigned to different orthogonal sequences.
  • Tag/device 2 and Tag/device 4 have the same delay and they both can be assigned to different orthogonal sequences. Therefore, Tag/device 1 and Tag/device 3 can backscatter at same time and Tag/device 2 as a group and Tag/device 4 can backscatter at the same time as a group.
  • a simple frequency upconverter or downconverter can be implemented in the tag to create a frequency offset and convert the backscattering into a higher or lower frequency signal.
  • Devices with the same frequency offset can be mapped to the same group and will be assigned with different orthogonal sequences. However, the same orthogonal sequences can be reused for the devices of different groups, pertaining to different offsets.
  • the methods according to Fig. 10 is applicable to readers such as UE, relay nodes or any other active devices.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente divulgation porte sur un procédé de fourniture d'accès et de synchronisation d'un ou plusieurs dispositifs de l'internet des objets (IdO) avec un lecteur, comprenant la fourniture, au lecteur, d'un accès à un ou plusieurs dispositifs IdO, ledit accès permettant une transmission de liaison montante et de liaison descendante d'un ou plusieurs messages dans un réseau, la synchronisation du lecteur avec un ou plusieurs dispositifs IdO pour recevoir et transmettre un ou plusieurs messages, l'identification d'une ou de plusieurs séquences orthogonales pour un ou plusieurs dispositifs IdO afin d'envoyer les données au lecteur et de recevoir un ou plusieurs messages par le lecteur à partir d'un ou de plusieurs dispositifs IdO dans une fenêtre de période de réception et de transmission optimale prédéterminée conformément à une séquence orthogonale, la présente divulgation divulgue en outre la détermination du temps de transmission et de réception optimal pour les dispositifs IdO ambiants. La présente divulgation divulgue en outre le regroupement de dispositifs IdO sur la base de séquences orthogonales et de retards temporels dans la transmission en liaison montante de signaux rétrodiffusés.
PCT/IN2024/051803 2023-09-20 2024-09-20 Procédé et système de communication pour dispositifs dans des réseaux sans fil Pending WO2025062439A1 (fr)

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US20080057990A1 (en) * 2006-08-31 2008-03-06 Fuccello James R System and method for establishing a wireless connection between wireless devices
US20190116499A1 (en) * 2015-10-05 2019-04-18 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Wireless communications
CN112637245A (zh) * 2021-01-13 2021-04-09 广州技象科技有限公司 物联网设备绑定方法及装置
US20220191820A1 (en) * 2019-03-19 2022-06-16 Hoopo Systems Ltd. Device and method for geo-location
WO2023051445A1 (fr) * 2021-09-29 2023-04-06 维沃移动通信有限公司 Procédé et appareil de communication par rétrodiffusion et dispositif de communication

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080057990A1 (en) * 2006-08-31 2008-03-06 Fuccello James R System and method for establishing a wireless connection between wireless devices
US20190116499A1 (en) * 2015-10-05 2019-04-18 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Wireless communications
US20220191820A1 (en) * 2019-03-19 2022-06-16 Hoopo Systems Ltd. Device and method for geo-location
CN112637245A (zh) * 2021-01-13 2021-04-09 广州技象科技有限公司 物联网设备绑定方法及装置
WO2023051445A1 (fr) * 2021-09-29 2023-04-06 维沃移动通信有限公司 Procédé et appareil de communication par rétrodiffusion et dispositif de communication

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