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WO2025060055A1 - Dispositifs et procédés de détection et de communication intégrées (isac) - Google Patents

Dispositifs et procédés de détection et de communication intégrées (isac) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025060055A1
WO2025060055A1 PCT/CN2023/120656 CN2023120656W WO2025060055A1 WO 2025060055 A1 WO2025060055 A1 WO 2025060055A1 CN 2023120656 W CN2023120656 W CN 2023120656W WO 2025060055 A1 WO2025060055 A1 WO 2025060055A1
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Prior art keywords
path
sensing node
measurements
network device
paths
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English (en)
Inventor
Minghui XU
Gang Wang
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NEC Corp
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NEC Corp
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Priority to PCT/CN2023/120656 priority Critical patent/WO2025060055A1/fr
Publication of WO2025060055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025060055A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to methods, devices and computer storage media of for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) .
  • IIC integrated sensing and communication
  • ISAC has been proposed to integrate sensing functions into a communication system.
  • the sensing functions are expected to enable a network (NW) to see the world through a wireless signal and other inputs to connect the physical world with the digital world.
  • NW network
  • UE user equipment
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage media for ISAC.
  • a terminal device comprising a processor.
  • the processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, a configuration indicating a reporting of a set of measurements for a set of paths, the set of paths being associated with one or more targets, the set of measurements being associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase variation, or a transmission delay; and report, to the network device, the set of measurements for the set of paths based on the configuration.
  • a network device comprising a processor.
  • the processor is configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a sensing node, a configuration indicating a reporting of a set of measurements for a set of paths, the set of paths being associated with one or more targets, the set of measurements being associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase variation, or a transmission delay; and receive, from the sensing node, the set of measurements for the set of paths based on the configuration.
  • a method performed by a terminal device comprises: receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, a configuration indicating a reporting of a set of measurements for a set of paths, the set of paths being associated with one or more targets, the set of measurements being associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase variation, or a transmission delay; and reporting, to the network device, the set of measurements for the set of paths based on the configuration.
  • a method performed by a network device comprises: transmitting, to a sensing node, a configuration indicating a reporting of a set of measurements for a set of paths, the set of paths being associated with one or more targets, the set of measurements being associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase variation, or a transmission delay; and receiving, from the sensing node, the set of measurements for the set of paths based on the configuration.
  • a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon.
  • the instructions when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to the third or fourth aspect of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating a process of communication for a sensing measurement reporting according to embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram illustrating an example scenario of a change among multiple targets or paths according to embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example method of communication implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • terminal device refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities.
  • the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure/network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
  • UE user equipment
  • the ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast/broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4/IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also be incorporated one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM.
  • SIM Subscriber Identity Module
  • the term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
  • the term “network device” may refer to a core network device and/or an access network device.
  • the term “core network device” refers to any device or entity that provides access and mobility management function (AMF) , network exposure function (NEF) , authentication server function (AUSF) , unified data management (UDM) , session management function (SMF) , user plane function (UPF) , a location management function (LMF) , sensing function (SF) , etc.
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • NEF network exposure function
  • AUSF authentication server function
  • UDM unified data management
  • SMF session management function
  • UPF user plane function
  • LMF location management function
  • sensing function SF
  • the core network element may be any other suitable device or entity providing any other suitable functionality.
  • the term “access network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate.
  • a network device include, but not limited to, a satellite, a unmanned aerial systems (UAS) platform, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
  • UAS unmanned aerial systems
  • NodeB Node B
  • eNodeB or eNB evolved NodeB
  • gNB next generation NodeB
  • TRP transmission reception point
  • RRU remote radio unit
  • RH
  • the terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
  • AI Artificial intelligence
  • Machine learning capability it generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
  • the terminal device or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz to 7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed/unlicensed/shared spectrum.
  • the terminal device may have more than one connections with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario.
  • MR-DC Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity
  • the terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
  • test equipment e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
  • the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device.
  • One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node.
  • the first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) .
  • the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device.
  • the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB.
  • Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device.
  • first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
  • information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device.
  • Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
  • values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
  • sensing operation may refer to a functionality to get information about characteristics of an environment and/or objects within the environment (e.g. shape, size, orientation, speed, location, distance or relative motion between objects, etc. ) using new radio (NR) radio frequency (RF) signal and, in some cases, previously defined information available in evolved packet core (EPC) and/or evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) .
  • NR new radio
  • RF radio frequency
  • EPC evolved packet core
  • E-UTRA evolved universal terrestrial radio access
  • a sensing transmitter may be an entity that sends out a sensing signal which a sensing service will use in its operation.
  • a sensing receiver may be an entity that receives a sensing signal which a sensing service will use in its operation.
  • the sensing transmitter may be located in the same or different entity as the sensing receiver.
  • the term “a sensing transmitter” may be interchangeably used with “a transmitting (Tx) sensing node” and the term “a sensing receiver” may be interchangeably used with “a receiving (Rx) sensing node” .
  • the term “a sensing transmitter” or “a sensing receiver” may be interchangeably used with “a sensing node” .
  • a sensing signal may be a wireless signal sent by the sensing transmitter, such as a synchronization signal block (SSB) , a positioning reference signal (PRS) , a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a remote interference management reference signal (RIM-RS) or any other suitable signals.
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • CSI-RS channel state information-reference signal
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • RIM-RS remote interference management reference signal
  • a sensing measurement may refer to a measurement based on a sensing signal, and may be interchangeably used with “a measurement” .
  • the term “a sensing signal” may also be referred to as “a reference signal (RS) for a sensing operation” or “a sensing RS” or “a signal including data for a sensing operation” .
  • the sensing signal may be an existing RS, e.g., a positioning reference signal (PRS) or a sounding reference signal (SRS) or any other existing RSs.
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • the sensing signal may be a new or dedicated RS for a sensing operation.
  • a target may be interchangeably used with “an object” .
  • a sensing resource may be interchangeably used with “a resource” .
  • main resource may refer to a resource with the highest receiving signal strength.
  • the term “above” herein may be interchangeably used with “higher than or equal to” or “greater than or equal to” .
  • the term “below” herein may be interchangeably used with “lower than or equal to” or “smaller than or equal to” .
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of a sensing measurement reporting.
  • a terminal device receives, from a network device, a configuration indicating a reporting of a set of measurements for a set of paths.
  • the set of paths are associated with one or more targets.
  • the set of measurements are associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase variation, or a transmission delay.
  • the terminal device reports, to the network device, the set of measurements for the set of paths. In this way, a mechanism of a sensing measurement reporting may be provided and thus implementation of ISAC may be enhanced.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
  • the communication network 100 may include a terminal device 110, an access network device 120, a core network device 130 and an object 140.
  • the access network device 120 may provide one or more serving cells (not shown) to serve the terminal device 110.
  • the terminal device 110 may have sensing and communication functionalities (i.e., support ISAC)
  • the access network device 120 may have sensing and communication functionalities (i.e., support ISAC) .
  • the terminal device 110 may transmit a wireless signal to the access network device 120, and/or receive a wireless signal from the access network device 120.
  • the terminal device 110 may be a sensing transmitter or a sensing receiver or both.
  • the access network device 120 may also be a sensing transmitter or a sensing receiver or both.
  • a sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal towards the object 140, and the object 140 may reflect or refract or diffract the sensing signal to a sensing receiver.
  • the sensing transmitter may be the access network device 120, and the sensing receiver may be the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the sensing transmitter may be the terminal device 110, and the sensing receiver may be the access network device 120. In some embodiments, the sensing transmitter may be the access network device 120, and the sensing receiver may be another network device not shown. In some embodiments, the sensing receiver may be the access network device 120, and the sensing transmitter may be another network device not shown. In some embodiments, the sensing transmitter may be the terminal device 110, and the sensing receiver may be another terminal device not shown. In some embodiments, the sensing receiver may be the terminal device 110, and the sensing transmitter may be another terminal device not shown. In some embodiments, the sensing receiver and the sensing transmitter may be the same access network device 120. In some embodiments, the sensing receiver and the sensing transmitter may be the same terminal device 110.
  • the core network device 130 may have an SF.
  • the terminal device 110 may communicate with the core network device 130 via the access network device 120.
  • the terminal device 110 may communicate with the access network device 120 via a Uu interface.
  • the access network device 120 may communicate with the core network device 130 via an Ng interface.
  • the communications in the communication network 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, global system for mobile communications (GSM) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-evolution, LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , NR, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , code division multiple access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN) , machine type communication (MTC) and the like.
  • GSM global system for mobile communications
  • LTE long term evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-evolution
  • LTE-advanced LTE-advanced
  • NR wideband code division multiple access
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • GERAN GSM EDGE radio access network
  • MTC machine type communication
  • Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
  • the communication network 100 may include any suitable number of access network devices and/or terminal devices and/or core network devices and/or objects adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating a process 200 of communication for a sensing measurement reporting according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the process 200 may involve a network device 201 and a sensing node 202.
  • the network device 201 may be the access network device 120 or the core network device 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the sensing node 202 may be the terminal device 110 or another access network device (not shown) .
  • the sensing node 202 may be a Tx sensing node or an Rx sensing node.
  • the network device 201 may transmit 220 a sensing requirement to the sensing node 202.
  • the SF may transmit the sensing requirement to the Tx sensing node and the Rx sensing node.
  • the set of measurements may comprise one or more measurements. In some embodiments, the set of measurements may be associated with received signal strength. In some embodiments, the received signal strength may comprise a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) , a receiving signal strength indication (RSSI) , reference signal received power (RSRP) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , reference signal received path power (RSRPP) , receiving signal strength indication of path (RSSIP) , or received signal strength of path indication (RSSPI) , etc.
  • SINR signal to interference plus noise ratio
  • RSSI receiving signal strength indication
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • RSRQ reference signal received quality
  • RSSRPP reference signal received path power
  • RSSIP receiving signal strength indication of path
  • RSSPI received signal strength of path indication
  • the set of measurements associated with the received signal strength for a path may comprise at least one of the following: a distance between the sensing node and a target associated with the path; a velocity of the target; an angle between the sensing node and the target; the received signal strength on the path; a received beam index for the path; or a received beam width for the path.
  • the distance between the sensing node and the target may comprise at least one of the following: a distance between a Tx sensing node and the target; a distance between an Rx sensing node and the target; or a sum of the distance between the Tx sensing node and the target and the distance between the Rx sensing node and the target.
  • the set of measurements may be associated with phase variation.
  • the set of measurements associated with phase variation for a path may comprise the phase variation on the path or Doppler shift derived from the phase variation on the path.
  • the set of measurements may be associated with a transmission delay.
  • the set of measurements associated with the transmission delay for a path may comprise at least one of the following: the transmission delay on the path; or a difference delay on the path relative to a reference path.
  • the configuration may comprise a first set of variation thresholds for variations of the set of measurements for a path (e.g., each path) in the set of paths.
  • the configuration may comprise a second set of variation thresholds for variations of the set of measurements between two adjacent paths in the set of paths. Any variation threshold in the first set of variation thresholds and the second set of variation thresholds may be used as a condition of triggering a sensing measurement reporting.
  • the network device 201 may transmit 240, to the sensing node 202, assistance information for a sensing measurement. Based on the assistance information, the sensing node may determine the one or more targets to be reported or detected.
  • the assistance information may comprise a range of a number of expected targets.
  • the assistance information may comprise ⁇ M, N ⁇ , wherein M denotes a number of expected targets and N denotes a related uncertainty. That is, the number of expected targets may be from M-N to M+N.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine the number of targets to be reported or detected based on equation (1) below.
  • Nt max ⁇ M-N, min ⁇ K, M+N ⁇ ⁇ (1)
  • Nt denotes the number of targets to be reported or detected
  • M denotes a number of expected targets
  • N denotes a related uncertainty
  • K denotes a predetermined value or the actual number of targets detected by the sensing node.
  • the assistance information may comprise a range of an expected receiving time difference for a target.
  • the assistance information may comprise an expected reference signal time difference (RSTD) for each target and a related uncertainty.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine a detection window according to the expected RSTD and the related uncertainty.
  • multiple windows corresponding to multiple expected RSTD of multiple targets may be composed as a whole detection window.
  • the assistance information may comprise a range of an expected angle for a target.
  • the assistance information may comprise an expected angle for each target and a related uncertainty.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine a minimum number of receiving beams to detect all the targets in the detection area related to the expected angle.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine a minimum number of transmitting beams for detecting all the targets in the detection area related to the expected angle.
  • the assistance information may comprise a range of an expected beam index (ID) for a target.
  • ID an expected beam index
  • the assistance information may comprise an expected beam ID for each target and a related uncertainty.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine a set of receiving beams to detect the targets in the detection area.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine a set of transmitting beams for detecting the targets in the detection area.
  • the assistance information may comprise a range of expected received signal strength for a target.
  • the range of the expected received signal strength may be associated with material of a target, a direction of a target and a distance associated with the target.
  • the received signal strength may comprise SINR, RSSI, RSRP, RSRQ, RSRPP, RSSIP, etc..
  • the assistance information may comprise an expected received signal strength for each target and a related uncertainty. This may implicitly indicate the number of expected targets when the received signal strength larger than a strength threshold is a necessary condition for valid target detection.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine the one or more targets to be reported or detected, or the sensing node 202 may determine the one or more paths related to the one or more targets to be reported or detected.
  • the assistance information may comprise expected information of line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) for a path.
  • the assistance information may comprise an expected LOS or NLOS indicator for each path.
  • an IE “nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedRSTDDiffList-r19” indicates expected RSTD for each target
  • an IE “nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedNumofTargets-r19” indicates the expected number of targets
  • an IE “nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedRatioofTargets-Uncertainty-r19” indicates uncertainty for the number of expected targets
  • an IE “nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedAoD-or-AOAlist-r19” indicates an expected AOD or AOA angle list for one or more targets
  • an IE “nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedLOS-NLOS-AssistancePerPathList-r19” indicates expected information of LOS or NLOS for a path list.
  • sensing performance may be ensured with low complexity and low overhead.
  • the sensing node 202 may report 250, to the network device 201, the set of measurements for the set of paths based on the configuration.
  • the sensing node 202 may perform an aperiodic or triggered reporting according to a pre-defined condition.
  • the sensing node 202 may report the set of measurements only when a variation of one or more measurements is above a given threshold. When the variation of any of the set of measurements is below the given threshold, the sensing node 202 may not transmit a report or report no variation.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine 251 a variation of a measurement in the set of measurements for a path in the set of paths, and determine a variation threshold from the first set of variation thresholds that corresponds to the measurement. If the variation of the measurement is above the variation threshold, the sensing node 202 may report the set of measurements.
  • the path is associated with a single target.
  • a condition of the reporting may be represented as equation (2) or (3) below.
  • one sensing resource may correspond to one beam or one quasi-colocation (QCL) information or one spatial relationship or one transmission configuration indication (TCI) state.
  • QCL quasi-colocation
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • different measurements may have different factors or sub-functions in the function.
  • the function of at least one measurement may be represented as equation (4) or (4’ ) below.
  • f ( ⁇ ) denotes a function of at least one measurement (or measurement type or measurement parameter)
  • x i denotes a variation of a ith measurement
  • a i denotes a variation threshold for the variation of the ith measurement. It can be seen that when any one of measurements exceeds a threshold, the sensing node 202 may trigger a measurement reporting.
  • the function of at least one measurement may be represented as equation (5) or (5’) below.
  • f (x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , ...x i ) min ⁇ f 1 (x 1 ) , f 2 (x 2 ) , f 3 (x 3 ) , ...f i (x i ) ⁇ (5)
  • f (x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , ...x i ) f 1 (x 1 ) ⁇ A 1 and f 2 (x 2 ) ⁇ A 2 and f 3 (x 3 ) ⁇
  • f ( ⁇ ) denotes a function of at least one measurement (or measurement type or measurement parameter)
  • x i denotes a variation of a ith measurement
  • a i denotes a variation threshold for the variation of the ith measurement. It can be seen that when all the measurements exceed a threshold, the sensing node 202 may trigger a measurement reporting.
  • the function of at least one measurement may be represented as equation (6) below.
  • f ( ⁇ ) denotes a function of at least one measurement (or measurement type or measurement parameter)
  • x i denotes a variation of a ith measurement. It can be seen that when a combined variation of the at least one measurement exceeds a threshold, the sensing node 202 may trigger a measurement reporting.
  • a distance variation in a function or sub-function may be in terms of meter for outdoor scenarios, and may be in terms of centimeter for indoor or factory scenarios.
  • different thresholds may be applied for different scenarios. For example, a threshold applied for outdoor scenarios may be higher than a threshold applied for indoor scenarios.
  • a condition of a measurement reporting may be defined for single target or path.
  • the following description will be given on the case that a condition of a measurement reporting is defined for multiple targets or paths.
  • whether to report the measurements may be determined according to the condition defined for a single target or path as described above in connection with step 251, e.g., any of the equations (2) to (6) .
  • the sensing node 202 may trigger a measurement reporting.
  • the sensing node 202 may trigger a measurement reporting.
  • whether to report the measurements may be determined according to a measurement variation among multiple paths or targets.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine 252 a variation of a measurement in the set of measurements between two paths or two adjacent paths, and determine a variation threshold from the second set of variation thresholds that corresponds to the measurement. If the variation of the measurement is above the variation threshold, the sensing node 202 may report the set of measurements.
  • two adjacent paths may mean that the two paths are adjacent in transmission delay. In some embodiments, two adjacent paths may mean that the two paths are adjacent in a given order determined by one or more measurements.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram 300 illustrating an example scenario of a change among multiple targets or paths according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • three targets or paths 301, 302 and 303 are detected. Transmission delay of the targets or paths 301, 302 and 303 are measured respectively at detection time t0 and t1.
  • ⁇ denotes a threshold defined for a delay of a single target or path
  • ⁇ _dif denotes a threshold defined for a difference delay between two targets or paths, or two adjacent targets or adjacent paths.
  • a difference delay ⁇ 1 of the target or path 301 between the detection time t0 and t1 is below the threshold ⁇
  • a difference delay ⁇ 2 of the target or path 302 between the detection time t0 and t1 is also below the threshold ⁇ .
  • a difference delay ⁇ 1+ ⁇ 2 between the targets or paths 301 and 302 is above the threshold ⁇ _dif.
  • measurements of the targets or paths 301 and 302 may be reported.
  • a difference delay ⁇ 3 of the target or path 303 between the detection time t0 and t1 is above the threshold ⁇ .
  • a measurement of the target or path 303 may be reported. That is, measurements of all the three targets or paths 301, 302 and 303 may be reported.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine an order of measurements in the set of measurements. Based on the order, the sensing node 202 may determine the variation of the measurement between two adjacent paths. In other words, the sensing node 202 may determine, based on a higher ranked measurement, whether to trigger a measurement reporting. If the measurement reporting is not triggered, the sensing node 202 may determine, based on a lower ranked measurement, whether to trigger a measurement reporting.
  • the order may be configured by the network device 201. In some embodiments, the order may be determined according to sensing measurements of a target or path. For example, the order may be determined according to an order of delay, phase, angle, RSRPP, RSSI of each target or path. In some embodiments, different orders may be applied for different scenarios or sensing requirements. In some embodiments, the order may be determined according to multiple measurement types based on a pre-defined priority order, e.g., delay > RSRP/RSRPP > beam/angle > velocity.
  • a pre-defined priority order e.g., delay > RSRP/RSRPP > beam/angle > velocity.
  • whether to report the measurements may be determined according to a number of existed targets or paths that disappear. In some embodiments, if received signal strength related to an existed target or path is below a threshold A out (also referred to as a first strength threshold herein) , the sensing node 202 may determine that the existed target or path disappears. In some embodiments, if received signal strength related to an existed target or path is below the threshold A out in N out consecutive times (also referred to as a first number of consecutive times herein) , the sensing node 202 may determine that the existed target or path disappears.
  • a threshold A out also referred to as a first strength threshold herein
  • values of A out , A in , N out , and N in used for determining whether a target or path disappears or appears may be configured by the network device 201. In some embodiments, values of A out , A in , N out , and N in may be pre-defined.
  • the sensing node 202 may report multiple measurement types for each target or path. In some embodiments, the sensing node 202 may report time difference among TRPs of an associated path for a target. In some embodiments, the sensing node 202 may report received signal strength of the associated path for the target. In some embodiments, the sensing node 202 may report a beam ID of the associated path for the target. In some embodiments, the sensing node 202 may report Doppler shift of the associated path for the target.
  • the sensing node 202 may report an absolute value for a starting target or path (e.g., the first target or path in order) and differences from the absolute value for other targets or paths.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine a number of valid targets or paths to be reported or maintained. In some embodiments, the number of valid targets or paths may be determined based on equation (7) below.
  • N rep denotes the number of valid targets or paths to be reported or maintained
  • N real denotes the number of actual targets or paths whose RSRPP or RSSIP larger than a threshold P0
  • N cap denotes the maximum tracked targets or paths supported by the sensing node 202.
  • N rep N cfg (8)
  • N rep denotes the number of valid targets or paths to be reported or maintained
  • N cfg denotes a configured number of targets or paths to be reported.
  • N cfg ⁇ N cap if N cap is reported.
  • N real >N cfg
  • the targets or paths with top N cfg RSRPPs or RSSIPs are reported.
  • N real ⁇ N cfg
  • all the targets or paths with RSRPP or RSSIP larger than a threshold are reported with N cfg -N real null values or invalid values.
  • measurements of the targets or paths with the largest N rep RSRPPs or RSSIPs may be reported.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine the order of reporting measurements of the multiple targets or paths. In some embodiments, the sensing node 202 may report measurements of the multiple targets or paths in a descending order of received signal strength (such as RSRPP or RSSIP) under a same resource or sensing resource. In some embodiments, the sensing node 202 may report measurements of the multiple targets or paths in an ascending order of transmission delay under a same resource or sensing resource. In some embodiments, the sensing node 202 may associate received signal strength (such as RSRPP or RSSIP) to a transmission delay one by one, and report measurements of the multiple targets or paths based on both the received signal strength (such as RSRPP or RSSIP) and the transmission delay. For example, a smaller received signal strength may be associated with a larger transmission delay.
  • received signal strength such as RSRPP or RSSIP
  • the network device 201 may configure or indicate, to the sensing node 202, the order of reporting measurements of the multiple targets or paths. In some embodiments, the network device 201 may require, from the sensing node 202, the order of reporting measurements of the multiple targets or paths.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine a mapping between measurements and targets/paths. It is assumed that one group of measurements may correspond to one path. In some embodiments, one group of measurements including one or more measurement types corresponding to a path may be seen as one independent target by the sensing node 202 when reporting the group of measurements. In some embodiments, multiple groups of measurements corresponding to multiple paths may be mapped to one target. For example, prior information may be needed, and more than one paths may be combined or aggregated together according to the prior information.
  • the sensing node 202 may report measurements for parts or all of targets or paths. In some embodiments, the sensing node 202 may only report a measurement for a target or path who fulfills the condition for triggering a measurement reporting. For example, the sensing node 202 may report with an ID of the target or path fulfilling the condition. In this way, low overhead may be achieved.
  • the sensing node 202 may report measurements of all the targets or paths if any target or path fulfills the condition for triggering a measurement reporting. In this way, detecting or decoding error between instances may be independent.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine, based on a sensing requirement or channel quality, whether a measurement for the target or path who fulfills the condition is to be reported or measurements of all the targets or paths are to be reported. For example, for a high sensing requirement, the sensing node 202 may report measurements of all the targets or paths. For a low sensing requirement, the sensing node 202 may only report a measurement for a target or path who fulfills the condition. For example, for low channel quality, the sensing node 202 may report measurements of all the targets or paths. For high channel quality, the sensing node 202 may only report a measurement for a target or path who fulfills the condition.
  • the network device 201 may configure a reporting strategy indicating whether a measurement for the target or path who fulfills the condition is to be reported or measurements of all the targets or paths are to be reported.
  • the sensing node 202 may transmit a measurement reporting based on the configured reporting strategy.
  • rules of an aperiodic or triggered reporting may be defined with lower overhead for sensing measurement reporting.
  • the set of measurements may be based on an E-CID technology.
  • the sensing node 202 may report the set of measurements by reporting the received signal strength on a first path and strength difference on a set of second paths relative to the first path. More detailed description will be given in connection with FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram illustrating an example ISAC scenario 400 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an enhanced cell identity (E-CID) based sensing may be applied to the scenario 400.
  • TRP1, TRP2, TRP3 and TRP4 serve as Tx sensing nodes
  • UE serves as a Rx sensing node.
  • TRP1 is a primary cell
  • TRP2, TRP3 and TRP4 are neighbor cells.
  • targets Target 1 and Target 2.
  • P1, P2, P3 and P4 are assumed to be main paths for a resource P of each TRP, and Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are assumed to be main paths for a resource Q of each TRP. It is to be understood that one or more additional paths may also be present for each resource of each TRP, although only P4 1 is shown.
  • UE may report received signal strength (e.g., RSRP or RSRQ) of a sensing signal in a cell level. Alternatively or additionally, UE may report received signal strength (e.g., RSRP or RSRQ) of a sensing signal in a resource level. In some embodiments, UE may report received signal strength per path for each resource. As shown in FIG. 4, UE may report received signal strength (e.g., RSRP or RSRQ) on paths P1 and Q1 separately. Similarly, the UE may report received signal strength on paths P2 and Q2 separately for TRP2, and report received signal strength on paths P3 and Q3 separately for TRP3.
  • received signal strength e.g., RSRP or RSRQ
  • the UE may report received signal strength on paths P4, Q4 and P4 1 .
  • the received signal strength on the paths P4 and P4 1 with the same beam ID or same resource are reported separately.
  • Independent power of the path P4 is reported, and power difference of the path P4 1 relative to P4 may be reported.
  • an information element “MeasQuantityResults-r19” denotes measurement results for one or multiple targets or paths.
  • An IE “fisrtPathRSRP” denotes RSRP of the first path or the path with largest RSRPP
  • an IE “additionalPathRSRPDifflist” denotes a list of RSRP differences of the set of second paths relative to RSRP or RSRPP of the first path, or RSRP differences of the set of second paths relative to RSRP or RSRPP of the nearest previous path
  • an IE “AddPathPowerDiff” denotes a RSRP or RSRPP difference of one path in the set of second paths.
  • RSRP or RSRPP of the i-th path may be determined by adding a difference value with RSRP of the first path or (i-1) -th path. It is to be understood that RSRPP may be replaced with RSSI or RSSIP, especially when a signal for sensing is a data signal.
  • a path may comprise a first link between a target associated with the path and an Rx sensing node and a second link between the target and a Tx sensing node.
  • information of LOS or NLOS of the first link and the second link may be reported for the path.
  • a hard LOS/NLOS type definition may be introduced.
  • the information of LOS or NLOS may indicate an LOS/NLOS type.
  • the LOS/NLOS type is LOS. If only one of the first and second links is LOS for the path, the LOS/NLOS type is half-LOS or NLOS type 1. If both the first and second links are NLOS, the LOS/NLOS type is NLOS or NLOS type 2. In some embodiments, if both the first and second links are LOS for the path, the LOS/NLOS type is LOS. If the first link is LOS and the second link is NLOS for the path, the LOS/NLOS type is NLOS type 1.
  • the LOS/NLOS type is NLOS type 2. If both the first and second links are NLOS, the LOS/NLOS type is NLOS type 3. It is to be understood that these LOS/NLOS types are merely examples, and any other suitable definition of LOS/NLOS types may also be feasible.
  • a soft LOS/NLOS type definition may be introduced.
  • the information of LOS or NLOS of the first link and the second link may comprise X and Y, where X denotes a probability that the first link is LOS, and Y denotes a probability that the second link is LOS.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram illustrating another example ISAC scenario 500 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • P1, P2, P3 and P4 are assumed to be main paths for a resource P of each TRP
  • Q1, Q2 1 , Q3 and Q4 are assumed to be main paths for a resource Q of each TRP. It is to be understood that one or more additional paths may also be present for each resource of each TRP, although only P4 1 Q2 2 , and Q2 3 are shown.
  • a downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) based sensing may be applied to the scenario 500.
  • TRP1, TRP2, TRP3 and TRP4 serve as Tx sensing nodes
  • UE serves as a Rx sensing node.
  • TRP1 is a reference TRP.
  • targets Target 1, Target 2 and Target 3.
  • UE may report a transmission delay (e.g., RSTD) of a path P2/P3/P4 relative to a path P1. Further, the UE may report received signal strength (e.g., RSRP) on the path P2/P3/P4 and one or more additional paths (e.g., P4 1 for P4) under the same resource as that of the path P2/P3/P4. For each additional path except P2/P3/P4, the UE may report time difference relative to the time associated with the transmission delay (e.g., RSTD) of the path P2/P3/P4. For example, for an additional path P4 1 under a same resource, the UE may report a transmission delay of the path P4 1 relative to the path P4. The UE may also report received signal strength (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP) of each additional path (e.g., the path P4 1 ) .
  • received signal strength e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP
  • the UE may report information of LOS or NLOS for each path for which the RSTD has been reported.
  • a link between TRP4 and Target 2 and a link between Target 2 and UE are LOS, and thus the UE may report LOS as the information of LOS or NLOS for the path P4 1 .
  • the UE may report additional measurements on different resources as that of the path P2/P3/P4 (e.g., paths Q2 1 , Q2 2 and Q2 3 for TRP2, a path Q3 for TRP3, and a path Q4 for TRP4) .
  • the additional measurements on an additional resource (e.g., resource Q) different from that of the path P2/P3/P4 may include measurement information of a main path and additional paths for the additional resource.
  • RSTD of the main path of the additional resource relative to the main path of the main resource is reported.
  • the UE may report RSTD difference of the path Q2 1 (seen as the main path of resource Q) relative to the path P2, RSTD difference of the path Q3 relative to the path P3, and RSTD difference of the path Q4 relative to the path P4.
  • the UE may report RSRP difference of the main path or first path corresponding to different resources of a TRP. For example, RSRP difference of the path Q2 1 relative to the path P2, RSRP difference of the path Q3 relative to the path P3, and RSRP difference of the path Q4 relative to the path P4.
  • the UE may report RSRP difference of all the paths of resource Q (including path Q2 1 , Q2 2 , Q2 3 and so on) relative to the resource P (including path P2 and so on) .
  • the UE may report RSRP difference of resource Q (including the path Q3 and so on) relative to resource P (including the path P3 and so on) .
  • the UE may report RSRP difference of resource Q (include the path Q4 and so on) relative to resource P (including the path P4, P4 1 and so on) .
  • the UE may report time difference of additional paths relative to the main path (or first path) under the same or different resource.
  • the UE may report a time difference of the path Q2 2 relative to the path Q2 1 or a time difference of the path Q2 2 relative to P2.
  • the UE may report a time difference of the path Q2 3 relative to the path Q2 1 or a time difference of the path Q2 3 relative to the path P2.
  • the UE may report received signal strength (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP) or received signal strength difference (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference) of each additional path, such as Q2 2 and Q2 3 .
  • received signal strength e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP
  • received signal strength difference e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference
  • the UE may report information of LOS or NLOS for the path.
  • a link between TRP2 and Target 3 and a link between Target 3 and UE are LOS, and thus the UE may report LOS as the information of LOS or NLOS for the path Q2 2 .
  • both a link between TRP2 and Target 3 and a link between Target 3 and UE are NLOS as scatters present on the links, and thus the UE may report NLOS type 2 (as defined above) as the information of LOS or NLOS for the path Q2 3 .
  • an IE “NR-AdditionalPath-r19” denotes measurement results for additional paths of the main resource for a TRP.
  • An IE “nr-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r19” denotes measurement results for additional resources.
  • An IE “LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19” denotes information of LOS or NLOS for an additional path.
  • An IE “soft-r19” denotes the soft LOS/NLOS type definition.
  • An IE “hard-r19” denotes the hard LOS/NLOS type definition. It is to be understood that all values in the IEs are merely examples.
  • a downlink angle of departure (DL-AOD) based sensing may be applied to the scenario 500.
  • TRP1, TRP2, TRP3 and TRP4 serve as Tx sensing nodes
  • UE serves as a Rx sensing node.
  • targets Target 1, Target 2 and Target 3.
  • UE may respectively report received signal strength (e.g., RSRP) on main resources including path P1 or the like on the same resource of TRP1, path P2 or the like on the same resource of TRP2, path P3 or the like on the same resource of TRP3, and paths P4, P4 1 or the like on the same resource of TRP4. Further, the UE may report an Rx beam ID for each main resource. The UE may report received signal strength of the first path on main resource (e.g., RSRP for P1/P2/P3/P4) and information of LOS or NLOS for the first path.
  • RSRP received signal strength
  • the UE may report received signal strength (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP) of each additional path (e.g., the path P4 1 ) and the information of LOS or NLOS for each additional path (e.g., LOS for the path P4 1 ) .
  • received signal strength e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP
  • the UE may report additional measurements on one or more additional paths (e.g., a path Q1 corresponding to the path P1; paths Q2 1 , Q2 2 and Q2 3 corresponding to the path P2; a path Q3 corresponding to the path P3; and a path Q4 corresponding to the path P4) under different resources as that of the path P1/P2/P3/P4.
  • the UE may report RSRP difference of resource of the path Q1 relative to the resource of path P1, RSRP difference of resource of the paths Q2 1 , Q2 2 and Q2 3 relative to the resource of path P2, RSRP difference of the resource of path Q3 relative to the resource of path P3, and RSRP difference of the resource of path Q4 relative to the resource of path P4.
  • the UE may report an Rx beam ID for the main path or first path of these different resources, for example Q1/Q2/Q3/Q4 for TRP1/TRP2/TRP3/TRP4 respectively. Further, the UE may report RSRP difference of the first path between different resources (e.g., RSRP difference of the path Q1 relative to the path P1, RSRP difference of the path Q2 1 relative to the path P2, RSRP difference of the path Q3 relative to the path P3, RSRP difference of the path Q4 relative to the path P4) and information of LOS or NLOS per resource.
  • RSRP difference of the path Q1 relative to the path P1 e.g., RSRP difference of the path Q1 relative to the path P1, RSRP difference of the path Q2 1 relative to the path P2, RSRP difference of the path Q3 relative to the path P3, RSRP difference of the path Q4 relative to the path P4
  • information of LOS or NLOS per resource e.g., RSRP difference of the path Q1 relative
  • the UE may also report received signal strength differences (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP differences) of other additional paths relative to the first path from the same or different resource.
  • received signal strength difference e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference
  • the UE may report received signal strength difference (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference) of the path Q2 2 relative to Q2 1 or received signal strength difference (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference) of the path Q2 2 relative to the path P2.
  • received signal strength difference e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference
  • received signal strength difference e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference
  • the UE may report information of LOS or NLOS per path. For example, for the path Q2 2 , UE may report LOS as the information of LOS or NLOS for the path Q2 2 . For the path Q2 3 , the UE may report NLOS type 2 as the information of LOS or NLOS for the path Q2 3 .
  • an IE “NR-AdditionalPathRSRP-r19” denotes RSRP measurement results for additional paths from the main resource.
  • An IE “nr-DL-TDOA- AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r19” denotes RSRP measurement results for additional resources.
  • An IE “LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19” denotes information of LOS or NLOS for an additional path.
  • An IE “soft-r19” denotes the soft LOS/NLOS type definition.
  • An IE “hard-r19” denotes the hard LOS/NLOS type definition. It is to be understood that all values in the IEs are merely examples.
  • a multi-round trip time (M-RTT) based sensing may be applied to the scenario 500.
  • TRP1, TRP2, TRP3 and TRP4 serve as Tx sensing nodes
  • UE serves as a Rx sensing node.
  • targets Target 1, Target 2 and Target 3.
  • UE may report a time difference between a receiving signal and a transmission signal between an Tx sensing node and an Rx sensing node, i.e., time difference between UL RS/signal transmission time and DL RS/signal receiving time via a main path P1/P2/P3/P4.
  • the UE may report received signal strength of the main path or first path (e.g., RSRP for the path P1/P2/P3/P4) .
  • the UE may report a transmission delay of the additional path (e.g., P4 1 ) relative to the main path, and received signal strength difference (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP) of each additional path (e.g., the path P4 1 ) . Further, the UE may report information of LOS or NLOS for each path for which the time difference has been reported (e.g., LOS for the path P4 1 ) .
  • a transmission delay of the additional path e.g., P4 1
  • received signal strength difference e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP
  • the UE may report additional measurements on different resources as that of the path P1/P2/P3/P4 (e.g., a path Q1 and so on for TRP1, paths Q2 1 , Q2 2 and Q2 3 and so on for TRP2, a path Q3 and so on for TRP3, and a path Q4 and so on for TRP4) .
  • the additional measurements on an additional resource (e.g., resource Q) different from that of the path P1/P2/P3/P4 may include measurement information of a main path and additional paths for the additional resource.
  • a time difference between UL RS/signal transmission and DL RS/signal receiving time via the main path of the additional resource relative to the main path of the main resource is reported.
  • the UE may report an UL and DL time difference of the path Q1 relative to the path P1, an UL and DL time difference of the path Q2 1 (seen as the main path of resource Q) relative to the path P2, an UL and DL time difference of the path Q3 relative to the path P3, and an UL and DL time difference of the path Q4 relative to the path P4.
  • the UE may report RSRP difference of the main path or first path corresponding to different resources of a TRP.
  • RSRP difference of the path Q1 relative to the path P1 For example, RSRP difference of the path Q1 relative to the path P1, RSRP difference of the path Q2 1 relative to the path P2, RSRP difference of the path Q3 relative to the path P3, and RSRP difference of the path Q4 relative to the path P4.
  • the UE may report RSRP difference of all the paths of resource Q (including path Q1 and so on) relative to the resource P (including path P1 and so on) for TRP1.
  • the UE may report RSRP difference of all the paths of resource Q (including path Q2 1 , Q2 2 , Q2 3 and so on) relative to the resource P (including path P2 and so on) .
  • the UE may report RSRP difference of resource Q (including the path Q3 and so on) relative to resource P (including the path P3 and so on) .
  • the UE may report RSRP difference of resource Q (include the path Q4 and so on) relative to resource P (including the path P4, P4 1 and so on) .
  • the UE may report UL and DL time difference of additional paths relative to the main path (or first path) under the same or different resource.
  • the UE may report an UL and DL time difference of the path Q2 2 relative to the path Q2 1 or an UL and DL time difference of the path Q2 2 relative to the path P2.
  • the UE may report an UL and DL time difference of the path Q2 3 relative to the path Q2 1 or an UL and DL time difference of the path Q2 3 relative to the path P2.
  • the UE may report received signal strength (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP) or received signal strength difference (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference) of each additional path, such as Q2 2 and Q2 3 .
  • received signal strength e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP
  • received signal strength difference e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference
  • the UE may report information of LOS or NLOS per path. For example, for the path Q2 2 , UE may report LOS as the information of LOS or NLOS for the path Q2 2 . For the path Q2 3 , the UE may report NLOS type 2 (as defined above) as the information of LOS or NLOS for the path Q2 3 .
  • an IE “NR-AdditionalPath-r19” denotes measurement results for additional paths under the main resource for a TRP.
  • An IE “nr-Multi-RTT-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r19” denotes measurement for additional resources.
  • An IE “LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19” denotes information of LOS or NLOS for an additional path.
  • An IE “soft-r19” denotes the soft LOS/NLOS type definition.
  • An IE “hard-r19” denotes the hard LOS/NLOS type definition. It is to be understood that all values in the IEs are merely examples.
  • the sensing node 202 may report location information of the one or more targets. For example, when the sensing node 202 has the capability of calculating locations of other targets, the sensing node 202 may report location information of these other targets except the sensing node 202 itself.
  • an IE “locationCoordinatesList-r19” denotes a list of locations. It is to be understood that all values in the IE are merely examples. In some embodiments, the first one in the list of locations may be the location of the sensing node 202 itself, and others in the list of locations may be the locations of the targets sensed by the sensing node 202.
  • the sensing node 202 may transmit 253, to the network device 201, an indication that the set of measurements is for the sensing node 202 itself or for the one or more targets. In this way, a flag may be added to distinguish measurements of a sensing node itself from measurements of other targets. In some embodiments, the sensing node 202 may indicate, for each path, the set of measurements is for the sensing node 202 or for the one or more targets.
  • an IE “InfoType” denotes an indication of whether associated measurement is for the sensing node 202 or for the one or more targets. For example, type 1 is for the sending node itself, and type 2 is for other targets. It is to be understood that all values in the IEs are merely examples.
  • the sensing node 202 may associate measurements for the sensing node with a predetermined path. For example, if the first path of a TRP is LOS, measurements related to the first path may be used for a sensing node location by default. In another example, if LOS probability of the first path of a TRP is higher than a threshold (e.g., 0.8) , measurements related to the first path may be used for a sensing node location by default.
  • a threshold e.g. 0.
  • a measurement reporting configuration may be enhanced to enable a sensing measurement reporting of multiple targets besides a sensing node itself, or enable a sensing measurement reporting of paths related to multiple targets besides that of a sensing node itself.
  • the network device 201 may update 260 a behavior of a target (e.g., the target 140) .
  • the network device 201 may update a behavior of RIS.
  • the network device 201 may update 270 a behavior of a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) . In this way, unnecessary interference caused by a target may be avoided and communication with a terminal device may be enhanced.
  • a reporting of a sensing measurement is described in connection with process 200.
  • a sensing measurement reporting may be achieved with low overhead.
  • a sensing measurement reporting per path may be achieved for both a sensing node and one or more targets detected by the sensing node.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of communication implemented at a terminal device and a network device. These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 6 and 7.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example method 600 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the method 600 may be performed at a sensing node.
  • the method 600 will be described with reference to the sensing node 202 as shown in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the method 600 may include additional blocks not shown and/or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
  • the sensing node 202 may receive, from the network device 201, a configuration indicating a reporting of a set of measurements for a set of paths.
  • the set of paths is associated with one or more targets.
  • the set of measurements is associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase variation, or a transmission delay.
  • the set of measurements for a path in the set of paths may comprises at least one of the following: a distance between the sensing node and a target associated with the path; a velocity of the target; an angle between the sensing node and the target; the transmission delay on the path; a difference delay on the path relative to a reference path; the phase variation on the path; Doppler shift on the path; the received signal strength on the path; a received beam index for the path; or a received beam width for the path.
  • the configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a first set of variation thresholds for variations of the set of measurements for a path in the set of paths; or a second set of variation thresholds for variations of the set of measurements between two adjacent paths in the set of paths.
  • the sensing node 202 may report, to the network device 201, the set of measurements for the set of paths based on the configuration.
  • the sensing node 202 may determine a variation of a measurement in the set of measurements between two adjacent paths, and determine a variation threshold from the second set of variation thresholds that corresponds to the measurement. If the variation of the measurement is above the variation threshold, the sensing node 202 may report the set of measurements. In some embodiments, the sensing node 202 may determine an order of measurements in the set of measurements, and determine the variation of the measurement based on the order.
  • the sensing node 202 may update the set of measurements for the path or update a state of the set of measurements for the path. In some embodiments, if the received signal strength for the path is above a second strength threshold within a second period of time, the sensing node 202 may report the set of measurements for the path, the second strength threshold being larger than the first strength threshold.
  • a path in the set of paths may comprise a first link between a target associated with the path and the sensing node (e.g., an Rx sensing node) and a second link between the target and a further sensing node (e.g., a Tx sensing node) .
  • the sensing node 202 may report, for the path, information of LOS or NLOS of the first link and the second link via a single indicator.
  • the information may indicate a probability that the first link is LOS and a probability that the second link is LOS.
  • the set of measurements may be based on an E-CID technology.
  • the sensing node 202 may report the received signal strength on a first path and strength difference on a set of second paths relative to the first path.
  • the sensing node 202 may report location information of the one or more targets.
  • the sensing node 202 may transmit, to the network device 201, an indication that the set of measurements is for the sensing node 202 or for the one or more targets. In some embodiments, the sensing node 202 may associate measurements for the sensing node with a predetermined path.
  • the sensing node 202 may receive assistance information from the network device 201 and determine the one or more targets based on the assistance information.
  • the assistance information may comprise at least one of the following: a range of a number of expected targets, a range of an expected receiving time difference for a target, a range of an expected angle for a target, a range of an expected beam index for a target, a range of expected received signal strength for a target, or an expected information of LOS or NLOS for a path.
  • the sensing node 202 may transmit, to the network device 201, capability of the sensing node regarding a number of targets that can be tracked simultaneously.
  • the sensing node 202 may report the set of measurements for the path. In some embodiments, if the set of measurements for a path meets a condition for triggering the reporting, the sensing node 202 may report the set of measurements for the set of paths. In some embodiments, if the set of measurements for a path meets a condition for triggering the reporting, the sensing node 202 may determine, based on a sensing requirement or the configuration, that the set of measurements is reported for the path or the set of paths.
  • the sensing node 202 may be a terminal device. In some embodiments, the sensing node 202 may be an access network device.
  • a sensing measurement reporting may be achieved with low overhead.
  • a sensing measurement reporting per path may be achieved.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example method 700 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the method 700 may be performed at a network device.
  • the method 700 will be described with reference to the network device 201 as shown in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the method 700 may include additional blocks not shown and/or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
  • the network device 201 may transmit, to the sensing node 202, a configuration indicating a reporting of a set of measurements for a set of paths.
  • the set of paths is associated with one or more targets.
  • the set of measurements is associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase variation or a transmission delay.
  • the network device 201 may receive, from the sensing node 202, the set of measurements for the set of paths based on the configuration.
  • the set of measurements for a path in the set of paths may comprise at least one of the following: a distance between the sensing node and a target associated with the path; a velocity of the target; an angle between the sensing node and the target; the transmission delay on the path; a difference delay on the path relative to a reference path; the phase variation on the path; Doppler shift on the path; the received signal strength on the path; a received beam index for the path; or a received beam width for the path.
  • the configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a first set of variation thresholds for variations of the set of measurements for a path in the set of paths; or a second set of variation thresholds for variations of the set of measurements between two adjacent paths in the set of paths.
  • the network device 201 may receive, from the sensing node 202, information of LOS or NLOS of a first link and a second link for a path in the set of paths via a single indicator.
  • the first link is between a target associated with the path and the sensing node, and the second link is between the target and a further sensing node.
  • the information may indicate a probability that the first link is LOS and a probability that the second link is LOS.
  • the set of measurements are based on an E-CID technology.
  • the network device 201 may receive the received signal strength on a first path and strength difference on a set of second paths relative to the first path.
  • the network device 201 may receive location information of the one or more targets.
  • the network device 201 may receive, from the sensing node 202, an indication that the set of measurements is for the sensing node or for the one or more targets. In some embodiments, the network device 201 may determine the set of measurements for a predetermined path as measurements for the sensing node.
  • the network device 201 may transmit assistance information to the sensing node 202.
  • the assistance information may comprise at least one of the following: a range of a number of expected targets, a range of an expected receiving time difference for a target, a range of an expected angle for a target, a range of an expected beam index for a target, a range of expected received signal strength for a target, or an expected information of LOS or NLOS for a path.
  • the network device 201 may receive, from the sensing node 202, capability of the device regarding a number of targets that can be tracked simultaneously.
  • the network device 201 may be an access network device. In some embodiments, the network device 201 may be a core network device.
  • FIG. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the device 800 can be considered as a further example implementation of the sensing node 202 or the network device 201 as shown in FIG. 2 (e.g., the terminal device 18 or the access network device 120 or the core network device 130 as shown in FIG. 1) .
  • the device 800 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the sensing node 202 or the network device 201 as shown in FIG. 2 (e.g., the terminal device 110 or the access network device 120 or the core network device 130 as shown in FIG. 1) .
  • the device 800 includes a processor 810, a memory 820 coupled to the processor 810, a suitable transceiver 840 coupled to the processor 810, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 840.
  • the memory 810 stores at least a part of a program 830.
  • the transceiver 840 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements.
  • the transceiver 840 may include at least one of a transmitter 842 or a receiver 844.
  • the transmitter 842 and the receiver 844 may be functional modules or physical entities.
  • the transceiver 840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones.
  • the communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2/Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs/gNBs, S1/NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) /Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) /SGW/UPF and the eNB/gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB/gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB/gNB and a terminal device.
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
  • RN relay node
  • Uu interface for communication between the eNB/gNB and a terminal device.
  • the program 830 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 810, enable the device 800 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGs. 1 to 7.
  • the embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 810 of the device 800, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.
  • the processor 810 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a combination of the processor 810 and memory 820 may form processing means 850 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the memory 820 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 820 is shown in the device 800, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 800.
  • the processor 810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
  • the device 800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
  • a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive, from a network device, a configuration indicating a reporting of a set of measurements for a set of paths, the set of paths being associated with one or more targets, the set of measurements being associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase variation, or a transmission delay; and report, to the network device, the set of measurements for the set of paths based on the configuration.
  • a network device comprises a circuitry configured to: transmit, to a sensing node, a configuration indicating a reporting of a set of measurements for a set of paths, the set of paths being associated with one or more targets, the set of measurements being associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase variation, or a transmission delay; and receive, from the sensing node, the set of measurements for the set of paths based on the configuration.
  • circuitry used herein may refer to hardware circuits and/or combinations of hardware circuits and software.
  • the circuitry may be a combination of analog and/or digital hardware circuits with software/firmware.
  • the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions.
  • the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software/firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
  • the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware.
  • a sensing node comprises a processor configured to cause the sensing node to: receive, from a network device, a configuration indicating a reporting of a set of measurements for a set of paths, the set of paths being associated with one or more targets, the set of measurements being associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase variation, or a transmission delay; and report, to the network device, the set of measurements for the set of paths based on the configuration.
  • the set of measurements for a path in the set of paths comprises at least one of the following: a distance between the sensing node and a target associated with the path; a velocity of the target; an angle between the sensing node and the target; the transmission delay on the path; a difference delay on the path relative to a reference path; the phase variation on the path; Doppler shift on the path; the received signal strength on the path; a received beam index for the path; or a received beam width for the path.
  • the configuration comprises at least one of the following: a first set of variation thresholds for variations of the set of measurements for a path in the set of paths; or a second set of variation thresholds for variations of the set of measurements between two adjacent paths in the set of paths.
  • the sensing node is caused to report the set of measurements by:determining a variation of a measurement in the set of measurements between two adjacent paths; determining a variation threshold from the second set of variation thresholds that corresponds to the measurement; and in accordance with a determination that the variation of the measurement is above the variation threshold, reporting the set of measurements.
  • the sensing node is caused to determine the variation of the measurement by: determining an order of measurements in the set of measurements; and determining the variation of the measurement based on the order.
  • the sensing node is caused to report the set of measurements by:in accordance with a determination that the received signal strength for a path in the set of paths is below a first strength threshold within a first period of time, updating the set of measurements for the path or updating a state of the set of measurements for the path; or in accordance with a determination that the received signal strength for the path is above a second strength threshold within a second period of time, reporting the set of measurements for the path, the second strength threshold being larger than the first strength threshold.
  • a path in the set of paths comprises a first link between a target associated with the path and the sensing node and a second link between the target and a further sensing node, and wherein the sensing node is further caused to: report, for the path, information of line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) of the first link and the second link via a single indicator.
  • LOS line-of-sight
  • NLOS non-line-of-sight
  • the information indicates a probability that the first link is LOS and a probability that the second link is LOS.
  • the set of measurements are based on an enhanced cell identity (E-CID) technology, and wherein the sensing node is caused to report the set of measurements by: reporting the received signal strength on a first path and strength difference on a set of second paths relative to the first path.
  • E-CID enhanced cell identity
  • the sensing node is caused to report the set of measurements by: reporting location information of the one or more targets.
  • the sensing node is further caused to: transmit, to the network device, an indication that the set of measurements is for the sensing node or for the one or more targets; or associate measurements for the sensing node with a predetermined path.
  • the sensing node is further caused to: receive, from the network device, assistance information comprising at least one of the following: a range of a number of expected targets, a range of an expected receiving time difference for a target, a range of an expected angle for a target, a range of an expected beam index for a target, a range of expected received signal strength for a target, or an expected information of line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) for a path; and determine the one or more targets based on the assistance information.
  • assistance information comprising at least one of the following: a range of a number of expected targets, a range of an expected receiving time difference for a target, a range of an expected angle for a target, a range of an expected beam index for a target, a range of expected received signal strength for a target, or an expected information of line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) for a path.
  • the sensing node is further caused to: transmit, to the network device, capability of the sensing node regarding a number of targets that can be tracked simultaneously.
  • the sensing node is caused to report the set of measurements by: in accordance with a determination that the set of measurements for a path meets a condition for triggering the reporting, reporting the set of measurements for the path; or in accordance with a determination that the set of measurements for a path meets a condition for triggering the reporting, reporting the set of measurements for the set of paths; or in accordance with a determination that the set of measurements for a path meets a condition for triggering the reporting, determining, based on a sensing requirement or the configuration, that the set of measurements is reported for the path or the set of paths.
  • the sensing node is a terminal device or an access network device.
  • a network device comprises a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a sensing node, a configuration indicating a reporting of a set of measurements for a set of paths, the set of paths being associated with one or more targets, the set of measurements being associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase variation, or a transmission delay; and receive, from the sensing node, the set of measurements for the set of paths based on the configuration.
  • the set of measurements for a path in the set of paths comprises at least one of the following: a distance between the sensing node and a target associated with the path; a velocity of the target; an angle between the sensing node and the target; the transmission delay on the path; a difference delay on the path relative to a reference path; the phase variation on the path; Doppler shift on the path; the received signal strength on the path; a received beam index for the path; or a received beam width for the path.
  • the configuration comprises at least one of the following: a first set of variation thresholds for variations of the set of measurements for a path in the set of paths; or a second set of variation thresholds for variations of the set of measurements between two adjacent paths in the set of paths.
  • the network device is further caused to: receive, from the sensing node via a single indicator, information of line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) of a first link and a second link for a path in the set of paths, the first link being between a target associated with the path and the sensing node, the second link being between the target and a further sensing node.
  • LOS line-of-sight
  • NLOS non-line-of-sight
  • the information indicates a probability that the first link is LOS and a probability that the second link is LOS.
  • the set of measurements are based on an enhanced cell identity (E-CID) technology
  • the network device is caused to receive the set of measurements by: receiving the received signal strength on a first path and strength difference on a set of second paths relative to the first path.
  • E-CID enhanced cell identity
  • the network device is caused to receive the set of measurements by: receiving location information of the one or more targets.
  • the network device is further caused to: receive, from the sensing node, an indication that the set of measurements is for the sensing node or for the one or more targets; or determine the set of measurements for a predetermined path as measurements for the sensing node.
  • the network device is further caused to transmit, to the sensing node, assistance information comprising at least one of the following: a range of a number of expected targets, a range of an expected receiving time difference for a target, a range of an expected angle for a target, a range of an expected beam index for a target, a range of expected received signal strength for a target, or an expected information of line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) for a path.
  • assistance information comprising at least one of the following: a range of a number of expected targets, a range of an expected receiving time difference for a target, a range of an expected angle for a target, a range of an expected beam index for a target, a range of expected received signal strength for a target, or an expected information of line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) for a path.
  • LOS line-of-sight
  • NLOS non-line-of-sight
  • the network device is further caused to: receive, from the sensing node, capability of the device regarding a number of targets that can be tracked simultaneously.
  • the network device is an access network device or a core network device.
  • various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
  • the present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium.
  • the computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGs. 1 to 7.
  • program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
  • the functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments.
  • Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
  • Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions/operations specified in the flowcharts and/or block diagrams to be implemented.
  • the program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
  • the above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • the machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium.
  • a machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • machine readable storage medium More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EPROM or Flash memory erasable programmable read-only memory
  • CD-ROM portable compact disc read-only memory
  • magnetic storage device or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Des modes de réalisation de la présente divulgation concernent des dispositifs et des procédés d'ISAC. Un équipement terminal reçoit, en provenance d'un dispositif de réseau, une configuration indiquant un rapport d'un ensemble de mesures pour un ensemble de trajets. L'ensemble de trajets est associé à une ou plusieurs cibles. L'ensemble de mesures est associé à une intensité de signal reçu et/ou à une variation de phase et/ou à un retard de transmission. Sur la base de la configuration, l'équipement terminal rapporte, au dispositif de réseau, l'ensemble de mesures pour l'ensemble de trajets. La divulgation permet ainsi de fournir un mécanisme d'un rapport de mesure de détection et d'améliorer la mise en œuvre d'ISAC.
PCT/CN2023/120656 2023-09-22 2023-09-22 Dispositifs et procédés de détection et de communication intégrées (isac) Pending WO2025060055A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230132850A1 (en) * 2020-07-01 2023-05-04 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Sensing measurement information exchange apparatus
CN116156541A (zh) * 2021-11-19 2023-05-23 维沃软件技术有限公司 感知测量方法、感知测量指示方法、终端及网络侧设备
WO2023154248A1 (fr) * 2022-02-09 2023-08-17 Interdigital Patent Holdings, Inc. Procédés, architectures, appareils et systèmes permettant un positionnement sur la base d'une phase uu en new radio (nr)
WO2023159461A1 (fr) * 2022-02-25 2023-08-31 Qualcomm Incorporated Radar à entrées multiples sorties multiples (mimo) avec formation de faisceaux

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230132850A1 (en) * 2020-07-01 2023-05-04 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Sensing measurement information exchange apparatus
CN116156541A (zh) * 2021-11-19 2023-05-23 维沃软件技术有限公司 感知测量方法、感知测量指示方法、终端及网络侧设备
WO2023154248A1 (fr) * 2022-02-09 2023-08-17 Interdigital Patent Holdings, Inc. Procédés, architectures, appareils et systèmes permettant un positionnement sur la base d'une phase uu en new radio (nr)
WO2023159461A1 (fr) * 2022-02-25 2023-08-31 Qualcomm Incorporated Radar à entrées multiples sorties multiples (mimo) avec formation de faisceaux

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