WO2025057132A2 - Glucose oxidase variants - Google Patents
Glucose oxidase variants Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025057132A2 WO2025057132A2 PCT/IB2024/058939 IB2024058939W WO2025057132A2 WO 2025057132 A2 WO2025057132 A2 WO 2025057132A2 IB 2024058939 W IB2024058939 W IB 2024058939W WO 2025057132 A2 WO2025057132 A2 WO 2025057132A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0006—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on CH-OH groups as donors (1.1)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y101/00—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-OH group of donors (1.1)
- C12Y101/03—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-OH group of donors (1.1) with a oxygen as acceptor (1.1.3)
- C12Y101/03004—Glucose oxidase (1.1.3.4)
Definitions
- the present disclosure concerns glucose oxidase variants exhibiting activity at elevated temperatures while maintaining activity at room temperature.
- Glucose oxidase is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent enzyme which oxidizes p- D-glucose to D-glucono-w-lactone and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of molecular oxygen. It is utilized as an oxidizing agent in industries including pharmaceutical, medical, textile, and food sectors. In baking applications, by virtue of the hydrogen peroxide it releases in situ, glucose oxidase facilitates the formation of an ordered gluten matrix in bread dough, improving its machinability, loaf volume, and crumb consistency.
- FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide
- glucose oxidase is considered a near-ideal enzyme owing to its rapid and highly specific mechanism of action (on the order of 10 6 M' 1 S' 1 ). Thermodynamically, the enzyme is susceptible to variability in conditions such as temperature, pH, or ionic strength. A glucose oxidase which maintains its full catalytic power but also has higher thermodynamic stability is desirable in biotechnological and other industrial applications.
- the present disclosure provides glucose oxidase variants having enzymatic activity which differ from the parental (wildtype) glucose oxidase.
- the present disclosure provides a glucose oxidase variant (i) having at least 90% identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 , and (ii) comprising an amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 .
- the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 159.
- the amino acid substitution at position 159 can be A159F, A159L, A159K, A159R, A159Y, A159T, A159V, or A159S.
- the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 411.
- the amino acid substitution at position 411 can be T411 V, T411 S, T411A, T41 1 Q, T41 1 E, or T411 K.
- the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 443.
- the amino acid substitution at position 443 can be A443I, A443L, A443F, A443M, A443Y, or A443V.
- the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 468.
- the amino acid substitution at position 468 can be H468R, H468A, H468K, H468G, or H468S.
- the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 491 .
- the amino acid substitution at position 491 can be Q491 K, Q491 R, or Q491 E.
- the glucose oxidase variant can further comprise one or more additional amino acid substitution at any one of positions 92, 433, 440, and/or 503.
- the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 92.
- the amino acid substitution at position 92 can be D92E, D92Q, D92A, D92K, D92R, D92S, or D92Y.
- the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 433.
- the amino acid substitution at position 433 can be S433A, S433V, S433L, S433G, S433F, S433Y, or S433I.
- the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 440.
- the amino acid substitution at position 440 can be A440G, A440E, A440D, A440S, A440F, or A440K.
- the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 503.
- the amino acid substitution at position 503 can be 503K, Q503A, Q503R, Q503S, or Q503E.
- the present disclosure provides a heterologous nucleic acid molecule comprising an open reading frame encoding the glucose oxidase variant described herein.
- the heterologous nucleic acid molecule further comprises at least one promoter operably associated with the open reading frame.
- the present disclosure provides a vector comprising the heterologous nucleic acid molecule described herein.
- the present disclosure provides an expression cassette comprising the heterologous nucleic acid molecule described herein.
- the present disclosure provides a recombinant microbial host cell expressing the glucose oxidase variant described herein.
- the recombinant microbial host cell comprises the heterologous nucleic acid molecule described herein, the vector described herein, or the expression cassette described herein.
- the recombinant microbial host cell is a yeast.
- the recombinant microbial host cell is from Saccharomyces sp.
- the recombinant microbial host cell is from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- the recombinant microbial is from Komagataella sp.
- the recombinant microbial host cell is from Komagataella phaffii.
- the present disclosure provides a method for making the glucose oxidase variant described herein.
- the process comprises expressing the heterologous nucleic acid molecule described herein, the vector described herein, or the expression cassette described herein in the recombinant microbial host cell described herein.
- the glucose oxidase variant is an intracellular polypeptide or a secreted polypeptide.
- the secreted polypeptide is in a free form or is associated to the surface of the recombinant microbial host cell.
- the polypeptide associated to the surface of the recombinant yeast host cell is a tethered polypeptide.
- the method further comprises, after step (i), (ii) substantially separating the glucose oxidase variant from the recombinant microbial host cell. In still a further embodiment, the method further comprises, after step (i) or (ii), drying the glucose oxidase variant.
- the present disclosure provides composition comprising the glucose oxidase variant described herein, and a carrier.
- the glucose oxidase variant is obtainable or obtained by the method described herein.
- the composition further comprises another enzyme.
- the present disclosure provides a process for preparing a dough or a baked product prepared from the dough, the process comprising adding an effective amount of the glucose oxidase variant described herein, optionally in combination with a fermenting yeast, to the dough.
- the process further comprises, prior to, during and/or after the addition, leavening the dough.
- the process further comprises, after the addition, baking the dough.
- the process is for increasing the softness and/or the resilience of the baked product.
- the process is for increasing the strength of the dough and can, in other embodiments, be used to reduce, at least in part, the amount of a chemical dough strengthener in the dough.
- Figure 1 provides the relative glucose oxidase activity after incubation for ten minutes at 25°C (solid bars) or 65°C (striped bars) for enzyme variants expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- the 25°C activities are reported as percentages of the wildtype activity.
- the 65°C activities are reported as percentages of each variant’s baseline level of activity at 25°C. Each data point is the average of two technical replicates. The assay was carried out twice.
- Figure 2 provides the absolute glucose oxidase activity (absorbance measured at 510 nm) at 25°C for enzyme variants expressed in S. cerevisiae. Each data point is the average of three technical replicates. The assay was carried out twice. The error bars denote the standard deviation of the mean.
- Figure 3 provides the temperature activity profiles for enzyme variants expressed in S. cerevisiae. Results are shown for wildtype or WT (black squares, dotted and dashed trend line ⁇ ); GOx variants v15 (gray rhombi, solid gray trend line 0); v16 (gray crossed squares, solid light gray trend line ⁇ ); v24 (gray circles, long dashed gray trend line o); and v26 (gray triangles, close-spaced gray trend line A).
- Figure 4 provides the relative glucose oxidase activity after incubation for ten minutes at 25°C (solid bars) or 65°C (striped bars) for enzyme variants expressed in Komagataella phaffii.
- the 25°C activities are reported as percentages of the wildtype activity.
- the 65°C activities are reported as percentages of each variant’s baseline level of activity at 25°C. Each data point is the average of two technical replicates. The assay was carried out twice.
- Figure 5 provides the absolute glucose oxidase activity at 25°C for enzyme variants expressed in K. phaffii. Each data point is the average of three technical replicates. The assay was carried out twice. The error bars denote the standard deviation of the mean.
- Figure 6 provides the temperature activity profiles for enzyme variants expressed in K. phaffii. Results are shown for wildtype or WT (black squares, dotted and dashed trend line ⁇ ); GOx variant v29 (gray rhombi, solid gray trend line 0); v16 (gray crossed squares, solid light gray trend line ⁇ ); v24 (gray circles, long dashed gray trend line o); and v26 (gray triangles, closespaced gray trend line A).
- Figure 7 provides baking application tests comparing the wildtype (WT) glucose oxidase and the GOx variants v24 and v26 expressed in K. phaffii.
- Glucose oxidase enzymes were dosed into dough from spray-dried samples of enzyme produced in bioreactors. The enzyme dose is denoted under each bar in glucose oxidase units (GODU) per kilogram flour. No enzyme was added to the control dough. The volume of the final bread loaves is plotted.
- the present disclosure provides polypeptides having glucose oxidase activity which belong to Enzyme Commission # 1.1.3.4.
- the polypeptides are derived from a naturally occurring glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger having the GenBank accession number P13006 or the Uniprot accession number P13006.1 (which corresponds to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger having the GenBank accession number P13006 or the Uniprot accession number P13006.1 (which corresponds to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1) can be referred to as the parental glucose oxidase or the wildtype (WT) glucose oxidase.
- polypeptides are considered being “derived from a naturally occurring glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger 3 ’ when they can be obtained from modifying (adding, deleting, and/or substituting) at least one amino acid residue which is present in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- polypeptides derived from the naturally occurring glucose oxidase from A. niger can be referred to as glucose oxidase variants.
- the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 70% identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- % identity is a relationship between two or more polypeptide sequences, as determined by comparing the sequences.
- the level of identity can be determined conventionally using known computer programs. Identity can be readily calculated by known methods, including but not limited to those described in: Computational Molecular Biology (Lesk, A. M., ed.) Oxford University Press, NY (1988); Biocomputing: Informatics and Genome Projects (Smith, D. W., ed.) Academic Press, NY (1993); Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I (Griffin, A. M., and Griffin, H.
- the variants of the present disclosure exhibit glucose oxidase activity. It is well known in the art how to determine if a polypeptide exhibits glucose oxidase activity. For example, in a first step, the polypeptide suspected of having glucose oxidase activity can be placed in the presence of a substrate known to be acted upon by the enzyme (p-D-glucose for example). If the tested polypeptide exhibits glucose oxidase activity, it will, in the presence of oxygen, generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and a lactone (D-glucono-6-lactone for example).
- H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
- lactone D-glucono-6-lactone
- the presence/amount of hydrogen peroxide released can be determined in a further step by using a peroxidase to generate a detectable dye (quinoneimine for example which can be detected at 510 nm; or O-dianiside dihydrocloride for example which can be detected at 540 nm).
- a detectable dye quinoneimine for example which can be detected at 510 nm; or O-dianiside dihydrocloride for example which can be detected at 540 nm.
- the variants of the present disclosure exhibit glucose oxidase activity at room temperature e.g., at a temperature between 20°C and 30°C and, in some embodiments, at a temperature of about 25°C).
- the polypeptides exhibiting “glucose oxidase activity at room temperature” refer to polypeptides having at least 10% of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions.
- the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 20% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 25% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions.
- the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 30% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 35% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 40% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 45% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions.
- the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 50% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 55% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 60% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 65% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions.
- the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 70% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 75% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 80% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 85% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions.
- the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 90% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 95% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In some additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit substantially the same activity (e.g., between 95-105%) as the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In yet some further embodiments, exhibit at more activity (e.g., more than 100%, 105%, 1 10%, 115%, 120%, or higher) than the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions.
- the variants of the present disclosure also exhibit higher activity at elevated temperatures (e.g., at a temperature equal to or higher than 35°C, 36°C, 37°C, 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 71 °C, 72°C, 73°C, 74°C, 75°C, 76°C, 1 C, 78°C, or 79°C) than the wildtype glucose oxidase. In some embodiments, this means that the variants of the present disclosure exhibit 50% or more residual activity.
- residual activity refers to the percentage of the ratio of the activity of a glucose oxidase variant after having been submitted to a heat challenge when compared to the activity of the glucose oxidase variant that has not been submitted to the heat challenge.
- the heat challenge is applied at elevated temperatures (65°C for example) for a defined amount of time (10 minutes for example).
- the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example).
- the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 50% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 55% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 60% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example).
- the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 65% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 70% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 75% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example).
- the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 80% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 85% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 90% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 95% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example).
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can have an inactivation temperature that is higher than the wildtype glucose oxidase.
- the inactivation temperature which is also referred to as T 5 o, is the temperature at which an enzyme loses 50% of its activity.
- the inactivation temperature can be measured, for example, by generating a temperature activity profile for the glucose oxidase variant and by fitting each temperature activity curve to a sum of squares model.
- the inactivation temperature of the glucose oxidase variant is higher by at least 1 °C, 2°C, 3°C, 4°C, 5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, or more when compared to the inactivation temperature of the wildtype glucose oxidase. In some additional embodiments, the inactivation temperature of the glucose oxidase variant is higher by at least 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, or more when compared to the inactivation temperature of the wildtype glucose oxidase. In some further embodiments, the inactivation temperature of the glucose oxidase variant is higher by at least 8°C, 9°C, or more when compared to the inactivation temperature of the wildtype glucose oxidase.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can have a melting temperature that is higher than the wildtype glucose oxidase.
- the melting temperature which is also referred to as T m , is the temperature at which the enzyme folded and unfolded state distributions are equally populated (e.g., the midpoint of the denaturation curve of the protein).
- the melting temperature can be measured, for example, by using differential scanning fluorimetry using a fluorescent dye.
- the melting temperature of the glucose oxidase variant is higher by at least 1 °C, 2°C, 3°C, 4°C, 5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, or more when compared to the melting temperature of the wildtype glucose oxidase.
- the melting temperature of the glucose oxidase variant is higher by at least 4°C, 5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, or more when compared to the melting temperature of the wildtype glucose oxidase. In some further embodiments, the melting temperature of the glucose oxidase variant is higher by at least 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, or more when compared to the melting temperature of the wildtype glucose oxidase.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can have increased stability during storage (at specific temperatures) than the wildtype glucose oxidase. Stability during storage can be assessed by methods known in the art. For example, the activity before and after storage can be determined to calculate the activity that is lost during storage. Storage can be performed at room temperature (between about 20-30°C), at cold temperatures (between about 0-20°C), at freezing temperatures (below 0°C), or at elevated temperatures (above 30°C for example). In some embodiments, the stability of the glucose oxidase variant and of the wildtype enzyme is determined at elevated temperatures (between about 35-55°C, and in some embodiments, at about 45°C).
- the stability of the glucose oxidase variant and of the wildtype enzyme is determined after a specific amount of storage time (hours, days, months). In some embodiments, the stability of the glucose oxidase variant and of the wildtype enzyme is determined after a storage time of 1 , 2, 3, and/or 4 weeks. After an incubation at 45°C for one week, some of the glucose oxidase will exhibit a loss in activity below about 15% of the initial activity of 0-day incubated samples that are kept frozen (and in some additional embodiments, a loss in activity equal to or below about 14, 13, 12, 11 , 10, 9, 8, 7, or 6%).
- glucose oxidase After an incubation at 45°C for two weeks, some of the glucose oxidase will exhibit a loss in activity below about 18% of the initial activity of 0-day incubated samples that are kept frozen (and in some additional embodiments, a loss in activity equal to or below about 17, 16, 15, or 14%). After an incubation at 45°C for three weeks, some of the glucose oxidase will exhibit a loss in activity below about 26% of the initial activity of 0-day incubated samples that are kept frozen (and in some additional embodiments, a loss in activity equal to or below about 25, 24, 23, 22, 21 , 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, or 15%).
- glucose oxidase After an incubation at 45°C for four weeks, some of the glucose oxidase will exhibit a loss in activity below about 31 % of the initial activity of 0-day incubated samples that are kept frozen (and in some additional embodiments, a loss in activity equal to or below about 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, or 22%).
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure are derived from a naturally occurring glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger having the GenBank accession number P13006 or the Uniprot accession number P13006.1 (which corresponds to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the wildtype glucose oxidase when expressed natively in Aspergillus niger, is believed to have a signal sequence which can be cleaved when the enzyme is secreted in a mature form. However, the prediction of the exact domain boundary of the signal sequence is ambiguous, and therefore of the amino acid sequence of the mature wildtype glucose oxidase can vary.
- the signal sequence of the wildtype glucose oxidase includes the first 16 amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the mature (secreted) form of the wild-type glucose oxidase and of the glucose oxidase variants would comprise the amino acid residues 17 to 605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 .
- the signal sequence of the wildtype and of the glucose oxidase variants includes the first 22 amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the mature (secreted) form of the wild-type glucose oxidase and of the glucose oxidase variants would comprise the amino acid residues 23 to 605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the signal sequence of the wildtype and of the glucose oxidase variants includes the first 24 amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the mature (secreted) form of the wild-type glucose oxidase and of the glucose oxidase variants would comprise the amino acid residues 25 to 605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the numbering of the amino acid residues which are modified in the glucose oxidase variants are provided with respect to the full length of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 , even though the glucose oxidase variants (especially in their mature/secreted form) may lack some of N-terminal residues which are cleaved upon secretion.
- some of the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 159 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . In embodiments in which the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example), this will correspond to position 159 in the glucose oxidase variant.
- this will correspond to position 143 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant.
- this will correspond to position 137 in the secreted glucose oxidase variant.
- this will correspond to position 135 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant.
- some of the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 411 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 .
- the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example)
- this will correspond to position 41 1 in the glucose oxidase variant.
- the first 16 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion
- this will correspond to position 395 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant.
- this will correspond to position 389 in the secreted glucose oxidase variant.
- glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 443 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 .
- the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example)
- this will correspond to position 443 in the glucose oxidase variant.
- the first 16 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 427 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant.
- the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 468 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . In embodiments in which the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example), this will correspond to position 468 in the glucose oxidase variant.
- the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 491 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 .
- this will correspond to position 491 in the glucose oxidase variant.
- this will correspond to position 475 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant.
- this will correspond to position 469 in the secreted glucose oxidase variant.
- this will correspond to position 467 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant.
- some of the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 92 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 .
- the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example)
- this will correspond to position 92 in the glucose oxidase variant.
- the first 16 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion
- this will correspond to position 76 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant.
- this will correspond to position 70 in the secreted glucose oxidase variant.
- glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 433 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 .
- the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example)
- this will correspond to position 433 in the glucose oxidase variant.
- the first 16 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 417 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant.
- the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 440 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . In embodiments in which the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example), this will correspond to position 440 in the glucose oxidase variant.
- the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 503 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 .
- this will correspond to position 503 in the glucose oxidase variant.
- this will correspond to position 487 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant.
- this will correspond to position 481 in the secreted glucose oxidase variant.
- this will correspond to position 479 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure have at least 70% identity and less than 100% identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 .
- the glucose oxidase variants include amino acid modifications with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the amino modifications can include at least one amino acid addition, at least one amino acid deletion and/or at least one amino acid substitution.
- the glucose oxidase variants include amino acid substitutions with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 .
- the glucose oxidase variants include at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or more amino acid substitutions with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 .
- the glucose oxidase variants include at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 . In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants include at least two amino acid substitutions at any combinations of positions 159, 41 1 , 443, 468, and/or 491. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants include at least three amino acid substitutions at any combinations of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491. In further embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants include at least four amino acid substitutions at any combinations of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491.
- the glucose oxidase variants include amino acid substitutions at positions 159, 41 1 , 443, 468, and 491.
- Embodiments of glucose oxidase variants comprising at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 are provided in Table 1 .
- the present disclosure provides variants of glucose oxidase variants including at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 .
- Such variants include at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 41 1 , 443, 468, and/or 491 as well as other modifications.
- a “variant” of a glucose oxidase variant includes at least one amino acid difference (e.g., at least one amino acid addition, deletion or substitution) when compared to the amino acid sequence of the original glucose oxidase variant.
- Variants exhibit a substantially similar biological activity when compared to the biological activity of the original glucose oxidase variant.
- the variants (including the fragments) can also have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more biological activity when compared to the biological activity of the original glucose oxidase variant. In some specific embodiments, the variants (including the fragments) can also have more biological activity when compared to the biological activity of the original glucose oxidase variant.
- the at least one amino acid difference can referto an amino acid residue that has been added, substituted, or deleted.
- a “fragment” is a type of variant which includes at least one deleted amino acid residues when compared to the amino acid sequence of the original polypeptide.
- fragments can refer to the mature form of a secreted glucose oxidase fragment (from which the signal sequence has been cleaved).
- the variants can also have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity to the amino acid sequence of the glucose oxidase variant.
- the variants of glucose oxidase variants described herein may be (i) one in which one or more of the amino acid residues are substituted with a conservative or non-conservative (preferably a conservative) amino acid residue and such substituted amino acid residue may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code, or (ii) one in which one or more of the amino acid residues includes a substituent group, or (iii) one in which the mature polypeptide is fused with another compound, such as a compound to increase the half-life of the polypeptide (for example, polyethylene glycol), or (iv) one in which the additional amino acids are fused to the mature polypeptide for purification of the polypeptide.
- Conservative substitutions typically include the substitution of one amino acid for another with similar characteristics, e.g., substitutions of an amino acid by another one belonging to same category determined by its side chain: within amino acids presenting hydrophobic side chain (alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan); within amino acids presenting positively charged side chain (arginine, histidine, or lysine); negatively charged side chain (aspartic acid or glutamic acid) and polar-uncharged side chain (serine, threonine, asparagine, or glutamine); or substitutions within the following groups: valine, glycine; glycine, alanine; valine, isoleucine, leucine; aspartic acid, glutamic acid; asparagine, glutamine; serine, threonine; lysine, arginine; and phenylalanine, tyrosine.
- a variant of a glucose oxidase variant can also be a conservative variant or an allelic variant.
- a conservative variant refers to alterations in the amino acid sequence that do not adversely affect the biological function(s) of the polypeptide.
- a substitution, insertion, or deletion is said to adversely affect the polypeptide when the altered sequence prevents or disrupts a biological function associated with the polypeptide.
- the overall charge, structure, or hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the polypeptide can be altered without adversely affecting a biological activity.
- the amino acid sequence can be altered, for example to render the polypeptide more hydrophobic or hydrophilic, without adversely affecting the biological activities of the polypeptide.
- a fragment can correspond to the polypeptides to which the signal peptide sequence has been removed.
- the fragment can be, for example, a truncation of one or more, two or more, three or more, four, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, 10 or more, 11 or more, 12 or more, 13 or more, 14 or more, 15 or more, 16 or more, 17 or more, 18 or more, 19 or more, 20 or more, 21 or more, 22 or more, 23 or more, 24 or more at the amino terminus of the non-truncated polypeptide or variant.
- the fragment can be, for example, a truncation of one or more, two or more, three or more, four, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, 10 or more, 1 1 or more, 12 or more, 13 or more, 14 or more, 15 or more, 16 or more, 17 or more, 18 or more, 19 or more, 20 or more, 21 or more, 22 or more, 23 or more, 24 or more at the carboxyl terminus of the non-truncated polypeptide or variant.
- the fragment can be generated from removing one or more internal amino acid residues.
- the polypeptide fragment can have at least 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, or more consecutive amino acid residues of the original amino acid sequence or the polypeptide variant.
- the present disclosure also provides variants of glucose oxidase variants including at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 41 1 , 443, 468, and/or 491 . Such variants include the at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 as well as other modifications.
- the glucose oxidase variants having at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 can further include at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 92, 433, 440, and/or 503.
- the glucose oxidase variants having at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 can also include at least two amino acid substitutions at any combinations of positions 92, 433, 440, and/or 503.
- the glucose oxidase variants having at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 can also include at least three amino acid substitutions at any combinations of positions 92, 433, 440, and/or 503. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants having at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 can also include substitutions at positions 92, 433, 440, and 503.
- Embodiments of glucose oxidase variants comprising at least one at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 as well as at least one further amino acid substitution at any one of 92, 433, 440, and/or 503 are provided in Table 1 .
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can have the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19.
- X1 (at position 92) refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not D; in some embodiments it can be E, Q, A, K, R, S, or Y; in some further embodiments, it can be E.
- X2 (at position 159) refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not A; in some embodiments it can be F, L, K, R, Y, T, V, or S; in some further embodiments, it can be F.
- X3 refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not T; in some embodiments it can be V, S, A, Q, E, or K; in some further embodiments, it can be V.
- X4 (at position 433) refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not S; in some embodiments it can be A, V, L, G, F, Y, or I; in some further embodiments, it can be A.
- X5 (at position 440) refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not A; in some embodiments it can be G, E, D, S, F, or K; in some further embodiments, it can be G.
- X6 refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not A; in some embodiments it can be I, L, F, M, Y, or V; in some further embodiments, it can be I.
- X7 refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not H; in some embodiments it can be R, A, K, G, or S; in some further embodiments, it can be R.
- X8 (at position 491) refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not Q; in some embodiments it can be K, R, or E; in some further embodiments, it can be K.
- X9 at position 3 refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not Q; in some embodiments can be K, A, R, S, or E; in some further embodiments, it can be K.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprises, at position 159, a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from A.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 159 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 159 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 159 can include, in some embodiments, at least three further substitutions at any one of positions 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 159 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 411 , 443, 468, and 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 159, one of the following amino acid residue: R (A159R), N (A159N), or V (A159V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 159, one of the following amino acid residue: R (A159R), L (A159L), K (A159K), F (A159F), S (A159S), T (A159T), Y (A159Y), or V (A159V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 159, one of the following amino acid residue: K (A159K), F (A159F), S (A159S), T (A159T), Y (A159Y), or V (A159V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 159, one of the following amino acid residue: L (A159L), or F (A159F).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 159, F (A159F).
- the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 159, Q (D159Q).
- the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 159, L (A159L).
- Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 159, a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25-605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7).
- the glucose oxidase variant comprises, at position 411 , a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from T.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 411 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 159, 443, 468, and/or 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 41 1 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 443, 468, and/or 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 411 can include, in some embodiments, at least three further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 443, 468, and/or 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 41 1 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 159, 443, 468, and 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 411 , one of the following amino acid residue: A (T411A), R (T411 R), N (T411 N), D (T411 D), C (T411 C), E (T411 E), Q (T41 1 Q), G (T411 G), H (T411 H), I (T411 I), L (T411 L), K (T411 K), M (T41 1 M), F (T411 F), P (T411 P), S (T41 1 S), W (T411 W), Y (T411 Y), or V (T41 1V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 411 , one of the following amino acid residues: A (T411A), E (T411 E), Q (T41 1 Q), K (T411 K), S (T411 S), or V (T411V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 411 , one of the following amino acid residues: Q (T411 Q), K (T411 K), S (T41 1 S), or V (T411 V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 411 , one of the following amino acid residues: S (T41 1 S), or V (T411V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 411 , V (T41 1V). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 41 1 , A (T41 1A). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 411 , E (T411 E). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 411 , A (T41 1A) or E (T411 E).
- a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25-605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7).
- the glucose oxidase variant comprises, at position 443, a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from A.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 443 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 468, and/or 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 443 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 411 , 468, and/or 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 443 can include, in some embodiments, at least three further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 411 , 468, and/or 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 443 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 159, 411 , 468, and 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 443, one of the following amino acid residue: R (A443R), N (A443N), D (A443D), C (A443C), E (A443E), Q (A443Q), G (A443G), H (A443H), I (A443I), L (A443L), K (A443K), M (A443M), F (A443F), P (A443P), S (A443S), T (A443T), W (A443W), Y (A443Y), or V (A443V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 443, one of the following amino acid residues: I (A443I), L (A443L), M (A443M), F (A443F), Y (A443Y), or V (A443V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 443, one of the following amino acid residues: M (A443M), F (A443F), Y (A443Y), or V (A443V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 443, one of the following amino acid residues: I (A443I), or L (A443L).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 443, I (A443I). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 443, 1 (A443I). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 443, L (A443L). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 443, 1 (A443I) or L (A443L).
- glucose oxidase comprising, at position 443, a substitution
- a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25- 605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7).
- the glucose oxidase variant comprises, at position 468, a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from H.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 468 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, and/or 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 468 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, and/or 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 468 can include, in some embodiments, at least three further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, and/or 491 .
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 468 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 159, 411 , 443, and 491.
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 468, one of the following amino acid residue: A (H468A), R (H468R), N (H468N), D (H468D), C (H468C), E (H468E), Q (H468Q), G (H468G), I (H468I), L (H468L), K (H468K), M (H468M), F (H468F), P (H468P), S (H468S), T (H468T), W (H468W), Y (H468Y), or V (H468V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 468, one of the following amino acid residues: A (H468A), R (H468R), (H468G), K (H468K), or S (H468S).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 468, one of the following amino acid residues: A (H468A), (H468G), K (H468K), or S (H468S).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 468, one of the following amino acid residues: A (H468A), R (H468R), or K (H468K).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 468, R (H468R). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 468, R (H468R).
- Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 468, a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25- 605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7).
- the glucose oxidase variant comprises, at position 491 , a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from Q.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 491 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, and/or 468.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 491 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, and/or 468.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 491 can include, in some embodiments, at least three further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, and/or 468.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 491 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 159, 411 , 443, and 468.
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 491 , one of the following amino acid residue: A (Q491A), R (Q491 R), N (Q491 N), D (Q491 D), C (Q491 C), E (Q491 E), G (Q491 G), H (Q491 H), I (Q4911), L (Q491 L), K (Q491 K), M (Q491 M), F (Q491 F), P (Q491 P), S (Q491 S), T (Q491T), W (Q491W), Y (Q491Y), or V (Q491 V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 491 , one of the following amino acid residues: R (Q491 R), E (Q491 E), or K (Q491 K).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 491 , one of the following amino acid residues: R (Q491 R), or E (Q491 E).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 491 , K (Q491 K). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 491 , K (Q491 K).
- a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25-605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7).
- Glucose oxidase variants having amino acid substitutions at positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and 491 include, but are not limited to, those having the following combinations of substitutions: A159F,T411V,A443I,H468R,Q491 K;A159F,T411V,A443I,H468R,Q491 R;A159F,T411V,A443 l,H468R,Q491 E;A159F,T411 V,A443I,H468A,Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 V,A443I,H468A,Q491 R;A1 59F.T41 1 V,A443I,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 V,A443I,H468K,Q491 K;A159F.T411 V,A443I,H 468K.Q491 R;A159F.T411 V
- the glucose oxidase variant (which comprises an amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491) comprises, at position 92, a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from D.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 92 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 433, 440, and/or 503.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 92 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 433, 440, and/or 503.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 92 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 433, 440, and 503.
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 92, one of the following amino acid residue: A (D92A), R (D92R), N (D92N), C (D92C), E M (D92M), F (D92F), P r
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 92, one of the following amino acid residues: A (D92A), R (D92R), E (D92E), Q (D92Q), K (D92K), S (D92S), or Y (D92Y).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 92, one of the following amino acid residues: A (D92A), R (D92R), E (D92E), S (D92S), or Y (D92Y).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 92, one of the following amino acid residues E (D92E), or Q (D92Q).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 92, E (D92E).
- the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 92, Q (D92Q).
- the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 92, K (D92K).
- the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 992, Q (D92Q) or K (D92K).
- Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 92, a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25-605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5).
- the glucose oxidase variant (which comprises an amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 41 1 , 443, 468, and/or 491 ) comprises, at position 433, a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from S.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 433 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 92, 440, and/or 503.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 433 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 92, 440, and/or 503.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 433 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 92, 440, and 503.
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 433, one of the following amino acid residue: A (S433A), R (S433R), N (S433N), D (S433D), C (S433C), E (S433E), Q (S433Q), G (S433G), H (S433H), I (S433I), L (S433L), K (S433K), M (S433M), F (S433F), P (S433P), T (S433T), W (S433W), Y (S433Y), or V (S433V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 433, one of the following amino acid residues: A (S433A), G (S433G), I (S433I), L (S433L), F (S433F), Y (S433Y), or V (S433V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 433, one of the following amino acid residues: G (S433G), I (S433I), L (S433L), F (S433F), Y (S433Y), or V (S433V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 433, one of the following amino acid residues A (S433A), or V (S433V). In yet a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 433, A (S433A). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 433, A (S433A). Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 433, a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25- 605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5).
- the glucose oxidase variant (which comprise an amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491) comprises, at position 440, a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from A.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 440 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 92, 433, and/or 503.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 440 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 92, 433, and/or 503.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 440 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 92, 433, and 503.
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 440, one of the following amino acid residue: R (A440R), N (A440N), D (A440D), C (A440C), E (A440E), Q (A440Q), G (A440G), H (A440H), I (A440I), L (A440L), K (A440K), M (A440M), F (A440F), P (A440P), S (A440S), T (A440T), W (A440W), Y (A440Y), or V (A440V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 440, one of the following amino acid residues: D (A440D), E (A440E), G (A440G), K (A440K), F (A440F), or S (A440S).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 440, one of the following amino acid residues: D (A440D), E (A440E), G (A440G), F (A440F), or S (A440S).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 440, one of the following amino acid residues E (A440E), or G (A440G).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 440, G (A440G). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 440, K (A440K).
- Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 440, a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25-605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5).
- the glucose oxidase variants include A159L
- the glucose oxidase variants do not include one or a combination of the following amino acid substitutions: A114E, Y271 L, and/or P530K.
- the glucose oxidase variants include A159L and Q491 R
- the glucose oxidase variants do not include one or a combination of the following amino acid substitutions: Q164K, H388T, D462S, and/or Q475N.
- the glucose oxidase variants include D92K, A159L, T411 S, S433G, A440G, A443F, H468A, Q491 R, and Q503A
- the glucose oxidase variants do not include one or a combination of the following amino acid substitutions: Q164K, K224D, P238Q, H242R, H388T, D462S, K463A, Q475N, and/or D514P.
- the glucose oxidase variant (which comprises an amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 ) comprises, at position 503, a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from Q.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 503 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 92, 433, and/or 440.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 503 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 92, 433, and/or 440.
- the glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 503 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 92, 433, and 440.
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 503, one of the following amino acid residue: A (Q503A), R (Q503R), N (Q503N), D (Q503D), C (Q503C), E (Q503E), G (Q503G), H (Q503H), I (Q503I), L (Q503L), K (Q503K), M (Q503M), F (Q503F), P (Q503P), S (Q503S), T (Q503T), W (Q503W), Y (Q503Y), or V (Q503V).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 503, one of the following amino acid residues: A (Q503A), R (Q503R), E (Q503E), K (Q503K), or S (Q503S).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 503, one of the following amino acid residues: A (Q503A), R (Q503R), E (Q503E), or S (Q503S).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 503, one of the following amino acid residues A (Q503A), or K (Q503K).
- the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 503, K (Q503K). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 503, K (Q503K).
- Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 503, a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25-605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5).
- Glucose oxidase variants having amino acid substitutions at positions 92, 433, 440, and/or 503 can be used with the embodiments described herein for glucose oxidase variants having amino acid substitutions at positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 described herein and include, including the following combinations of substitutions: D92E,S433A,A440G,Q503K;D92E,S433A,A440G,Q503A;D92E,S433A,A440G,Q503R;D92E ,S433A,A440G,Q503S;D92E,S433A,A440G,Q503E;D92E,S433A,A440E,Q503K;D92E,S433 A,A440E,Q503A;D92E,S433A,A440E,Q503R;D92E,S433A,A440E,Q503S;D92
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure include conserved amino acid residues which are involved, amongst other things, in substrate binding and catalytic activity which should preferably not be substituted.
- conserved amino acid residues involved in substrate binding include, but are not limited to Y90, T132, N536, R534, H538, and H581 (all in reference to the numbering of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1).
- glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure include Y90, T132, N536, R534, H538, and H581 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1).
- conserveed amino acid residues involved in catalytic activity include, but are not limited to E434, H538, and H581 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1).
- glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure include E434, H538, and H581 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1).
- some amino acid residues Y90, F346, and W448; numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure do no include A at positions 90, 346, and 448 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the glucose variants of the present disclosure include the following amino acid residues: Y90, F346, and W448 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1).
- N-linked glycosylated amino acid residues include, but are not limited to, N65, N111 , N183, N190, N377, N410, and N495 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can include, in some embodiments, N65, N111 , N183, N190, N377, N410, and/or N495 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can include, in some embodiments, at positions 65, 111 , 183, 190, 377, 410, or 495 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1) an amino acid residue different than N, but which allows the N-glycosylation of the enzyme.
- Putatively O-linked glycosylated amino acid residues include, but are not limited to, S185, T192, and T411 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can include, in some embodiments S185, T192, and/or T411 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can include, in some embodiments, at positions 185, 192 or 41 1 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1), an amino acid residue different than S or T, but which allows the O-glycosylation of the enzyme.
- Glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can include one or any combinations of the following additional conserved residues: D43, G48, G50, G53, A57, R59, L60, V68, E72, G74, G119, G123, G124, N129, R135, D142, W144, G149, W153, E166, G188, G191 , G219, D225, G233, R247, R261 , N263, L264, A286, G288, V289, A303, E306, V307, G312, P317, L320, S323, G324, G326, L331 , I336, P343, V344, G345, N347, L348, D350, P452, R455, G456, D482, P512, T542, M545, V553, V554, D555, V560, G562, L566, R567, V568, D570, S572, P575, and/or I597.
- glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can include one or any combinations of the following additional conserved residue: T52, S73, L87, H100, S1 18, T126, P136, A140, S162, G227, Q351 , T454, D46, A470, Y472, M546, A558, L591 , and/or S594.
- the present disclosure provides recombinant microbial host cells for the expression one or more of the glucose oxidase variants described herein.
- the recombinant microbial host cell is obtained from a microbial cell which can be a bacterium, a yeast, or a fungus.
- the recombinant microbial host cell is obtained from a microbial cell which is a bacterium.
- the bacterium is a Gram-positive bacterium.
- the bacterium is a Gram-negative bacterium.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Actinoplanes sp.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Actinoplanes missouriensis. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aeribacillus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aeribacillus pallidus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Anoxybacillus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Bacillus sp.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Bacillus acidopullulyticus. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Bacillus licheniformis. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Bacillus pumilus. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Bacillus subtilis. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Chryseobacterium sp.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Chryseobacterium proteolyticum. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Escherichia sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Escherichia coll. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Geobacillus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Geobacillus stearothermophilus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Lactobacillus sp.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Lactobacillus fermentum. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Lactococcus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Lactococcus lactis. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Macrococcus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Macrococcus caseolyticus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Microbacterium sp.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Microbacterium arborescens. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Micrococcus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Priestia sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Priestia flexa. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Streptomyces sp.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Streptomyces mobaraensis. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Streptomyces murinus. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Streptomyces olivaceus. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Streptomyces olivochromogenes. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Streptomyces rubiginosus.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Streptomyces violaceoruber. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Pseudomonas sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Pseudomonas fluorescens. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Weizmannia sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Weizmannia coagulans.
- the recombinant microbial host cell is obtained from a microbial cell which is a yeast.
- the yeast is a budding yeast.
- the yeast is methylotrophic (e.g., yeast able to utilize methanol as the sole carbon and energy source).
- methylotrophic yeasts include, but are not limited to Komagataella sp. and Ogataea sp.
- the yeast is an oleaginous yeast (e.g., a yeast capable of accumulating more than 20% of its dry cell weight as lipids or triglycerides).
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Blastobotrys sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Blastobotrys adeninivorans (basonym Trichosporon adeninivorans). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Candida sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Candida albicans. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Cyberlindnera sp.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Cyberlindnera jadinii (basonym Saccharomyces jadinii). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from the Debaryomyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Debaryomyces hansenii. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Debaryomyces hansenii. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Hanseniaspora sp. (also known as Kloeckera sp.).
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Hanseniaspora guilliermondii. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from the Kazachstania sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Kazachstania bulderi (basonym Saccharomyces bulderi). In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Kazachstania barnettii (basonym Saccharomyces barnettii).
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Kazachstania exigua (basonym Saccharomyces exiguus). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Kluyveromyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Kluyveromyces lactis (basonym Torulaspora lactis). In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Kluyveromyces marxianus also known as Kluyveromyces fragilis (basonym Saccharomyces marxianus).
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Komagataella sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Komagataella phaffii. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Limtongozyma sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Limtongozyma cylindracea (basonym Candida cylindracea). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Lipomyces sp.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Metschnikowia sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Metschnikowia sinensis. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Metschnikowia fructicola. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Metschnikowia pulcherrima. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Metschnikowia zobellii.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Metschnikowia shanxiensis. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Ogataea sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Ogataea polymorpha (basonym Hansenula polymorpha). In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Ogataea methanolica (basonym Pichia methanolica). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Pichia sp. (also known as Hansenula sp.).
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Rasamsonia sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Rasamsonia emersonii. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Saccharomyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In yet another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. diastaticus.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Saccharomyces uvarum. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Saccharomyces boulardii. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Scheffersomyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Scheffersomyces stipitis (basonym Pichia stipitis). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Schwanniomyces sp.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Schwanniomyces polymorphus (basonym Pichia polymorpha). In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Schwanniomyces occidentalis. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Wickerhamomyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Wickerhamomyces anomalus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Yarrowia sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Yarrowia lipolytica.
- the recombinant microbial host cell is obtained from a microbial cell which is a fungus.
- the fungus is an ascomycete fungus.
- the fungus is a basidiomycete fungus.
- the fungus is an oleaginous fungus (e.g., a fungus capable of accumulating more than 20% of its dry cell weight as lipids or triglycerides).
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aspergillus sp.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aspergillus acidus.
- the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Talaromyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Talaromyces funiculosus (also known as Penicillium funiculosum). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Trichoderma sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Trichoderma reesei. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Trichosporon sp.
- the recombinant microbial host cells of the present disclosure include a heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding at least one glucose oxidase variant.
- the recombinant microbial host cells of the present disclosure include a plurality of heterologous nucleic acid molecules each encoding the same glucose oxidase variant.
- the recombinant microbial host cell can include at least one copy of a heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 (or a variant/fragment thereof).
- the recombinant microbial host cell can include one or more copies of the heterologous nucleic acid molecules having the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or a degenerate nucleic acid sequence encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 (or a variant/fragment thereof).
- the recombinant microbial host cell can include at least one copy of a heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 (or a variant/fragment thereof).
- the recombinant microbial host cells of the present disclosure include at least two heterologous nucleic acid molecules each encoding a different glucose oxidase variant.
- the recombinant yeast host cell of the present disclosure can include at least one copy of a first heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 (or a variant/fragment thereof) and at least one copy of a second heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 (or a variant/fragment thereof).
- the recombinant microbial host cell can include one or more copies of the heterologous nucleic acid molecules having the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or a degenerate nucleic acid sequence encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 (or a variant/fragment thereof) and one or more copies of the heterologous nucleic acid molecules having the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 or a degenerate nucleic acid sequence encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 (or a variant/fragment thereof).
- heterologous when used in reference to a nucleic acid molecule (such as a promoter, a terminator, or a coding sequence) or a polypeptide refers to a nucleic acid molecule or a polypeptide that is not natively found in the recombinant microbial host cell. “Heterologous” also includes a native coding region/promoter/terminator, or portion thereof, that was introduced into the source organism in a form and/or at a location that is different from the corresponding native gene, e.g., not in its natural location in the organism's genome.
- the one or more heterologous nucleic acid molecule(s) is/are purposively introduced into the recombinant microbial host cell.
- a heterologous nucleic acid element could be derived from a different strain of host cell, or from an organism of a different taxonomic group (e.g., different domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, or species, or any subgroup within one of these classifications).
- the one or more heterologous nucleic acid molecule(s) encoding glucose oxidase variants are introduced in the recombinant microbial host cell to allow them to express the enzymes.
- the expression of the heterologous or control polypeptide can be constitutive or induced.
- the expression of the glucose oxidase variants from the one or more heterologous nucleic acid molecule(s) can occur during the growth phase and/or the stationary phase of the recombinant microbial host cell.
- the one or more nucleic acid molecules encoding the glucose oxidase variants that are introduced into the recombinant microbial host cells are codon-optimized with respect to the intended recipient recombinant microbial host cell.
- codon-optimized coding region means a nucleic acid coding region that has been adapted for expression in the cells of a given organism by replacing at least one, or more than one, codons with one or more codons that are more frequently used in the genes of that organism. In general, highly expressed genes in an organism are biased towards codons that are recognized by the most abundant tRNA species in that organism.
- CAI codon adaptation index
- the heterologous nucleic acid molecules of the present disclosure comprise a coding region for a glucose oxidase variant.
- a DNA or RNA “coding region” is a DNA or RNA molecule which is transcribed and/or translated into a polypeptide in a cell in vitro or in vivo when placed under the control of appropriate regulatory sequences.
- Suitable regulatory regions refer to nucleic acid regions located upstream (5' non-coding sequences), within, or downstream (3' noncoding sequences) of a coding region, and which influence the transcription, RNA processing or stability, or translation of the associated coding region. Regulatory regions may include promoters, translation leader sequences, RNA processing site, effector binding site and stemloop structure.
- a coding region can include, but is not limited to, prokaryotic regions, cDNA from mRNA, genomic DNA molecules, synthetic DNA molecules, or RNA molecules. If the coding region is intended for expression in a eukaryotic cell, a polyadenylation signal and transcription termination sequence will usually be located 3' to the coding region. In an embodiment, the coding region can be referred to as an open reading frame.
- ORF Open reading frame
- nucleic acid either DNA, cDNA, or RNA, that comprises a translation start signal or initiation codon, such as an ATG or AUG, and a termination codon and can be potentially translated into a polypeptide sequence.
- heterologous nucleic acid molecules described herein can comprise transcriptional and/or translational control regions.
- “Transcriptional and translational control regions” are DNA regulatory regions, such as promoters, enhancers, terminators, and the like, that provide for the expression of a coding region in a host cell. In eukaryotic cells, polyadenylation signals are control regions.
- the heterologous nucleic acid molecule can be introduced in the recombinant microbial host cell using a vector.
- a “vector,” e.g., a “plasmid”, “cosmid” or “artificial chromosome” (such as, for example, a yeast artificial chromosome) refers to an extra chromosomal element and is usually in the form of a circular double-stranded DNA molecule.
- Such vectors may be autonomously replicating sequences, genome integrating sequences, phage or nucleotide sequences, linear, circular, or supercoiled, of a single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA, derived from any source, in which a number of nucleotide sequences have been joined or recombined into a unique construction.
- the promoter and the nucleic acid molecule coding for the glucose oxidase variant are operatively linked to one another.
- the expressions “operatively linked” or “operatively associated” refers to fact that the promoter is physically associated to the nucleic acid molecule coding for the polypeptide in a manner that allows, under certain conditions, for expression of the polypeptide from the nucleic acid molecule.
- the promoter can be located upstream (5’) of the nucleic acid sequence coding for the heterologous polypeptide.
- one or more than one promoter can be included in the nucleic acid molecule.
- each of the promoters is operatively linked to the nucleic acid sequence coding for the polypeptide.
- the promoters can be located, in view of the nucleic acid molecule coding for the polypeptide, upstream, downstream as well as both upstream and downstream.
- Promoter refers to a DNA fragment capable of controlling the expression of a coding sequence or functional RNA.
- expression refers to the transcription and stable accumulation of sense (mRNA) from the heterologous nucleic acid molecule described herein. Expression may also refer to translation of mRNA into a polypeptide. Promoters may be derived in their entirety from a native gene, or be composed of different elements derived from different promoters found in nature, or even comprise synthetic DNA segments. It is understood by those skilled in the art that different promoters may direct the expression at different stages of development, or in response to different environmental or physiological conditions.
- Promoters which cause a gene to be expressed in most cells at most times at a substantial similar level are commonly referred to as “constitutive promoters.” It is further recognized that since in most cases the exact boundaries of regulatory sequences have not been completely defined, DNA fragments of different lengths may have identical promoter activity.
- a promoter is generally bounded at its 3' terminus by the transcription initiation site and extends upstream (5' direction) to include the minimum number of bases or elements necessary to initiate transcription at levels detectable above background. Within the promoter will be found a transcription initiation site (conveniently defined for example, by mapping with nuclease S1), as well as polypeptide binding domains (consensus sequences) responsible for the binding of the polymerase.
- the promoter can be heterologous to the nucleic acid molecule encoding the heterologous polypeptide.
- the promoter can be heterologous or derived from a strain being from the same genus or species as the recombinant microbial host cell.
- the promoter is derived from the same genus, or species than the recombinant microbial host cell and the polypeptide is derived from different genera from the recombinant microbial host cell.
- One or more promoters can be used to allow the expression of the polypeptides in the recombinant yeast host cell.
- the heterologous nucleic acid molecule can include, in some embodiments, one or more terminators to end the translation of the glucose oxidase variant.
- the one or more terminators used are terminators derived from genes found in yeasts (such as for example Saccharomyces or Komagataella).
- the terminator comprises the terminator derived from is from the dit1 gene (ditit, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the idp1 gene (idplt, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the gpm1 gene (gpmlt, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the pma1 gene (pamlt, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the tdh3 gene (tdh3t, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the hxt2 gene (a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the adh3 gene (adh3t, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the ira2 gene (ira2t, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the rpl3 gene (rpl3t, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the bna4 gene (bna4t, a functional variant thereof or a
- the promoter or the combination of promoters present in the heterologous nucleic acid is capable of allowing the expression of the glucose oxidase variant during the growth phase of the recombinant microbial host cell. In some embodiments, the promoter also allows the expression of the polypeptide during the stationary phase of the recombinant microbial host cell.
- the promoters that can be included in the heterologous nucleic acid molecule can be constitutive or inducible promoters.
- the promoter is derived from a promoter that is present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Inducible promoters include, but are not limited to glucose-regulated promoters (e.g., the promoter of the hxt7 gene (referred to as hxt7p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the ctt1 gene (referred to as ctt1 p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the glo1 gene (referred to as glol p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the ygp1 gene (referred to as ygp1 p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the gsy2 gene (referred to as gsy2p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), the promoter of
- Constitutive promoters include, but are not limited to the promoter of the tef2 gene (referred to as tef2p), the promoter of the cwp2 gene (referred to as cwp2p), the promoter of the ssa1 gene (referred to as ssal p), the promoter of the enol gene (referred to as enol p), the promoter of the hxk1 gene (referred to as hxkl p), the promoter of the pgk1 gene (referred to as pgk1 p), the promoter of the adh1 gene (referred to as adh1 p), the promoter of the rev1 gene (referred to as revl p), the promoter of the cyc1 gene (referred to as cyd p), and the promoter of the ste5 gene (referred to as ste5p) as well as functional variants or a functional fragments thereof.
- tef2p the promoter of the cwp2 gene
- the promoter can be obtained or derived from a native promoter present in Komagataella phaffii.
- Inducible promoters include, but are not limited to glucose-regulated promoters, fructose-regulated promoters, glycerol-regulated promoters, heat shock-regulated promoters, oxidative stress response promoters, osmotic stress response promoters, nitrogen- regulated promoters, and ethanol-regulated promoters.
- ethanol-regulated promoters include, without limitation, the promoter from the adh2 gene, which is also known as the adh3 gene (referred to as adh2p).
- Constitutive promoters include, without limitation, the promoter from the spi1 gene (referred to as spil p).
- the parental promoter is a promoter from the gap1 gene (referred to as gapl p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the hgt1 gene (referred to as hgtl p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the glc3 gene (referred to as glc3p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the acb2 gene (referred to as acb2p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the pex8 gene (referred to as pex8p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the urc1 gene (referred to as urc1 p).
- the parental promoter is a promoter from the tpo3 gene (referred to as top3p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the bio2 gene (referred to as bio2p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the gut1 gene (referred to as gutl p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the cat1 gene (referred to as catl p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the icl1 gene (referred to as icll p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the gcw14 gene (referred to as gcw14p).
- the promoter can be obtained or derived from a native promoter present in Ogataea polymorpha.
- the promoter is a promoter from the sori gene (referred to as sori p), the O. polymorpha methanol oxidase mox1 gene (referred to as mox1 p), the O. polymorpha promoter from the gap1 gene (referred to as OpGAPI p), the O. polymorpha promoter from the gapdh gene (referred to as OpGAPDHp), the O. polymorpha promoter from the gcw14 gene (referred to as OpGCW14p), the O. Polymorpha promoter from the adh1 gene (referred to as OpADHI p), the O. polymorpha promoter from the Icl1 gene (referred to as OpICLI p), or the O. polymorpha promoter from the tef1 gene (referred to as OpTEFI p).
- sori p the O. polymorpha methanol oxidase mox1 gene
- the heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the glucose oxidase variant comprises at least one of the adh2 and/or spi1 variant promoters described in US regular patent application 18/740,964 filed on June 12, 2023 and herewith incorporated by reference.
- the heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the glucose oxidase variant comprises the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 , a variant thereof or a fragment thereof.
- Promoters that can be included in the heterologous nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure include, without limitation, the promoter of the tdh1 gene (referred to as tdhl p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the hor7 gene (referred to as hor7p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the hsp150 gene (referred to as hsp150p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the hxt7 gene (referred to as hxt7p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the gpm1 gene (referred to as gpml p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the pgk1 gene (referred to as pgkl p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the stl1 gene (referred to as stH p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the tef2 gene (referred to as tef
- the heterologous nucleic acid comprises a constitutive promoter, such as, for example, from the tef2 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, or a functional variant/fragment thereof.
- the heterologous nucleic acid comprises a promoter from the tdh3 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, or a functional variant/fragment thereof.
- the heterologous nucleic acid comprises a promoter from the fba1 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, or a functional variant/fragment thereof.
- the heterologous nucleic acid comprises promoters from the tdh3 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, or a functional variant/fragment thereof and from the fba1 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, or a functional variant/fragment thereof.
- the heterologous nucleic acid comprises a promoter from the eno2 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a functional variant/fragment thereof.
- the heterologous nucleic acid comprises a promoter from the hyp2 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, or a functional variant/fragment thereof.
- the heterologous nucleic acid comprises promoters from the eno2 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a functional variant/fragment thereof, and from the hyp2 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, or a functional variant/fragment thereof.
- the expression “functional fragment of a promoter” refers to a shorter nucleic acid sequence than the native promoter which retains the ability to control the expression of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the glucose oxidase variant. Usually, functional fragments are either 5’ and/or 3’ truncation of one or more nucleic acid residue from the native promoter nucleic acid sequence.
- the expression “functional variant of a promoter” refers to a nucleic acid sequence which differs in at least one position and still retains the ability to control the expression of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the glucose oxidase variant.
- the heterologous nucleic acid molecules include one or a combination of terminator sequence(s) to end the transcription of the glucose oxidase variant.
- the terminator can be native or heterologous to the nucleic acid sequence encoding the heterologous polypeptide.
- one or more terminators can be used.
- the terminator comprises the terminator derived from is from the dit1 gene (ditit, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the idp1 gene (idplt, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the gpm1 gene (gpmlt, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the pma1 gene (pamlt, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the tdh3 gene (tdh3t, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the hxt2 gene (a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the adh3 gene (adh3t, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), and/or from the ira2 gene (ira2t, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof).
- the terminator comprises or is derived from the dit1 gene (ditit, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof).
- the terminator comprises or is derived adh
- the expression “functional variant of a terminator” refers to a nucleic acid sequence that has been substituted in at least one nucleic acid position when compared to the native terminator which retain the ability to end the expression of the nucleic acid sequence coding for the glucose oxidase variant.
- the expression “functional fragment of a terminator” refers to a shorter nucleic acid sequence than the native terminator which retain the ability to end the expression of the nucleic acid sequence coding for glucose oxidase variant.
- glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can also be obtained in cell-free systems using the heterologous nucleic acid molecule described herein.
- compositions comprising the glucose oxidase variants
- the growth phase as well as the stationary phase can be conducted in a culture medium allowing the cell growth and division of the recombinant microbial host cells under conditions (agitation, temperature, oxygen concentration, etc.) to favor the expression and accumulation, and optionally the secretion, of the glucose oxidase variants.
- the recombinant microbial cells can be placed in the presence of an inducer which will allow the expression of the glucose oxidase variants.
- the recombinant microbial host cell is placed in contact with a source of metabolizable carbon sources.
- the source of metabolizable carbon is a C1-C6 carbon source.
- the source of metabolizable carbon can include a C2 carbon the source, including, without limitation, ethanol.
- the source of metabolizable carbon can include, without limitation glucose, sucrose, fructose, glycerol, or a combination thereof.
- the recombinant microbial host cell is contacted with glucose as the sole source of metabolizable carbohydrate. In another specific embodiment, during the growth phase, the recombinant microbial host cell is contacted with glycerol as the sole source of metabolizable carbohydrate. In still another embodiment, during the growth phase, the recombinant microbial host cell is contacted with fructose as the sole source of metabolizable carbohydrate. In still another embodiment, during the growth phase, the recombinant microbial host cell is contacted with sucrose as the sole source of metabolizable carbohydrate. In some embodiments, the growth phase is performed as a continuous fermentation. In alternative embodiments, the growth phase is performed as a batch fermentation. In yet further embodiments, the growth phase is performed as a fed batch fermentation. The expression step can be performed, at least in part, in aerobic conditions.
- the method can further include a step of purifying (at least in part) the glucose oxidase variants from the recombinant microbial host cell.
- the purifying step refers to a step of physically dissociating, at least in part, the expressed glucose oxidase variants from the components of the recombinant microbial host cell having expressed same.
- the expression “substantially purified form” refers to the fact that the expressed glucose oxidase variants have been physically dissociated from some (and in some embodiments from the majority) of the components of the recombinant microbial host cells having expressed the polypeptides.
- a composition comprising the expressed glucose oxidase variants in substantially purified form is at least 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%. 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% pure.
- the composition comprising the expressed glucose oxidase variants lacks a detectable amount of deoxyribonucleic acids from the recombinant microbial host cell used to express it.
- the purification step can include, without limitation, a filtrating step, a centrifugating step, a dialysing step, a precipitation step, an affinity capture step, a chromatographic step, etc.
- the method can include a cell-permeabilizing and/or cell-lysing step (after the expression step).
- a cell-permeabilizing and/or cell-lysing step (after the expression step).
- the cells can be homogenized (for example using a bead-milling technique, a bead-beating, or a high-pressure homogenization technique) and, as such, the method can include a homogenizing step.
- the cells can be enzymatically treated, and as such, the method can include an enzyme treatment step.
- the recombinant microbial host cells can be treated in basic or acidic conditions, and as such, the method can include a pH treatment step.
- the recombinant microbial host cells can be submitted to osmotic pressure and, as such, the method can include a salt treatment step.
- the recombinant microbial host cells can be submitted to a heat pressure and, as such, the method can include a cold treatment or a heat treatment step.
- the propagated recombinant microbial host cells can be lysed using autolysis (which can optionally be performed in the presence of additional exogenous enzymes).
- the propagated recombinant yeast host cells may be subject to a combined heat and pH treatment for a specific amount of time (e.g., 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 h or more) in order to cause the autolysis of the propagated recombinant yeast host cells to provide the lysed recombinant yeast host cells.
- the propagated recombinant yeast host cells can be submitted to a temperature of between about 40°C to about 70°C or between about 50°C to about 60°C.
- the propagated recombinant yeast host cells can be submitted to a temperature of at least about 40°C, 41 °C, 42°C, 43°C, 44°C, 45°C, 46°C, 47°C, 48°C, 49°C, 50°C, 51 °C, 52°C, 53°C, 54°C, 55°C, 56°C, 57°C, 58°C, 59°C, 60°C, 61 °C, 62°C, 63°C, 64°C, 65°C, 66°C, 67°C, 68°C, 69°C or 70°C.
- the propagated recombinant yeast host cells can be submitted to a temperature of no more than about 70°C, 69°C, 68°C, 67°C, 66°C, 65°C, 64°C, 63°C, 62°C, 61 °C, 60°C, 59°C, 58°C, 57°C, 56°C, 55°C, 54°C, 53°C, 52°C, 51 °C, 50°C, 49°C, 48°C, 47°C, 46°C, 45°C, 44°C, 43°C, 42°C, 41 °C or 40°C.
- the propagated recombinant yeast host cells can be submitted to a pH between about 3.5 and 8.5, between about 5.0 and 7.5, or between about 5.0 and 6.0.
- the propagated recombinant yeast host cells can be submitted to a pH of at least about, 3.5, 3.6,
- the propagated recombinant yeast host cells can be submitted to a pH of no more than 8.5, 8.4, 8.3, 8.2, 8.1 , 8.0, 7.9, 7.8,
- the lysed recombinant yeast host cell can be submitted to a centrifugation and/or a filtration step to purify, at least in part, the glucose oxidase variants.
- the methods can also include a drying step (before, after, or both before and afterthe purifying step).
- the drying step can include, for example, roller-drying, electrospray-drying, freeze- drying, spray-drying, lyophilization, and/or fluid-bed drying.
- the method can also include a washing step (before, after, or both before and after the purifying step).
- a carrier which is inert to the glucose oxidase variant can be used.
- Such carriers include, without limitations, salts such as NaCI.
- the present disclosure provides a composition comprising one or more of the glucose oxidase variants described herein and a salt (such as NaCI).
- the glucose oxidase variant can be designed, for example, to be secreted, and in such embodiments, it may include a signal sequence (which is intended to be cleaved upon the secretion of the glucose oxidase variant).
- the glucose oxidase variant can be designed to be secreted in a free form (not intended to be physically associated with the recombinant microbial host cell) or in a cell-associated form (intended to remain physically associated with the recombinant microbial host cell).
- the glucose variants can be physically tethered to the external surface of the microbial host cell, and in some embodiment, the polypeptide can include a tethering moiety to locate it to the external surface of the microbial host cell.
- the design of expression of the glucose oxidase variant may require adjusting the steps and parameters of the methods to be used to make such glucose oxidase variants.
- the methods of the present disclosure can be used to provide the glucose oxidase variants in a microbial composition comprising living microbes.
- the recombinant microbial host cells can be substantially separated from the medium, optionally washed and/or dried, so as to be formulated in a microbial composition (in which part or all of the medium used has been removed).
- microbial compositions made from a recombinant yeast host cells include but are not limited to, a yeast cream, a stabilized liquid yeast, an active dry yeast or an instant dry yeast.
- the methods can also be used to make a microbial product (e.g., a composition derived from a recombinant microbial host cell having expressed the glucose oxidase variant).
- a microbial product e.g., a composition derived from a recombinant microbial host cell having expressed the glucose oxidase variant.
- the microbes after growth, can be substantially separated from the medium, optionally washed, lysed, submitted to a soluble/insoluble separation and/or dried, so as to be formulated in a microbial product.
- a yeast product include but are not limited to, a yeast autolysate, yeast cell walls, or a yeast extract.
- the microbial products of the present disclosure can include, besides the glucose oxidase variants and at least one component of a recombinant microbial host cell.
- the “at least one component of a recombinant microbial host cell” can be an intracellular component and/or a component associated with the microbial host cell’s wall or membrane.
- the “at least one component of a recombinant microbial host cell” can include a protein, a peptide or an amino acid, a carbohydrate and/or a lipid.
- the “at least one component of a recombinant microbial host cell” can include a recombinant microbial host cell’s organelle.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be in a semipurified or a substantially purified form.
- the expression “semi-purified form” refers to the fact that the glucose oxidase variants have been physically dissociated, at least in part, from the components of the recombinant microbial host cell having expressed the same.
- the expression “substantially purified form” refers to the fact that the heterologous mature polypeptides have been physically dissociated from the majority of the components of the recombinant microbial host cells having expressed same.
- a composition comprising the glucose oxidase variants in substantially purified form is at least 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% pure.
- the composition comprising the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure lacks a detectable amount of deoxyribonucleic acids from the recombinant microbial host cell used to express it.
- the process of the present disclosure can include admixing the glucose oxidase variant with a further component such as a carrier (salt like NaCI for example) and/or another enzyme.
- the glucose oxidase carriers of the present disclosure are not formulated with maltodextrin as a carrier.
- the process of the present disclosure can include admixing the glucose oxidase variant with another enzyme (having the same or a different enzymatic activity).
- the other enzyme can be, without limiting, an amylase (including, but not limited to, a maltogenic alpha-amylase and/or a fungal amylase), a lipase (such as a phospholipase), another glucose oxidase, an hemicellulase, a glucoamylase, a transglutaminase, a xylanase, a sulfhydryl oxidase, a lipoxygenase, a laccase, a cellulase, a catalase, a tyrosinase, a peroxidase and a protease, etc.
- an amylase including, but not limited to, a maltogenic alpha-amylase and/or a fungal amylase
- glucose oxidase catalyses the oxidation of p-D-glucose to D- glucono-6-lactone and hydrogen peroxide.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used in a process to oxidize p-D-glucose, generate glucono-6- lactone and/or generate hydrogen peroxide.
- the glucose oxidase variants can be placed with a substrate comprising (or suspected of comprising) p-D-glucose under conditions to favor the oxidation of p-D-glucose by the glucose oxidase variant.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used to determine the available/free glucose in various samples, such as, for example, body fluids (blood, interstitial fluid, urine, etc.), food products and agricultural products.
- the glucose oxidase variants can be placed in contact with the sample and the presence/amount of at least one of its enzymatic products can be determined as a proxy to the amount of available/free glucose.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used to provide in situ a source of hydrogen peroxide.
- the glucose oxidase variants can be placed in a system requiring some oxidation in the presence of glucose to provide hydrogen peroxide.
- a system can include, for example, a food product (a dough for baking for example), a feed product, a personal care product (a toothpaste for example), or a cleaning product (for textiles, in a detergent for example).
- the glucose oxidase variant can replace, at least in part, known oxidants, such as bromate, potassium iodate and/or L-ascorbic acid.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used to remove oxygen from food packaging and/or or D-glucose from egg white to prevent their browning. Because they are capable of converting glucose to gluconate, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used as a sugar reducer (to eventually regulate Maillard reactions) in various systems (such as food and feed for example) as well as to provide a gluconate source in some beverage (brewing, kombucha for example). In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants can be used in the production of gluconic acid, and in some specific embodiments, in the conversion of polysaccharides into gluconic acid.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used as a food/feed/beverage preservative (alone or with other preservatives).
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used as an antimicrobial agent (alone or with other microbial agents).
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used as an anticancer agent (alone or with other anticancer agents).
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used for making fuel cells.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure are used in baking applications. Since glucose oxidases are known for facilitating gluten strengthening and/or dough strengthening, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used to improve the handling of the dough, the retention of gas in the dough or a baked product obtained from the dough, fermentation tolerance of the dough, and/orthe properties of a baked product (resilience and/or softness for example) that has been obtained with a dough supplemented with the glucose oxidase variants.
- the present disclosure provides a process for improving the properties of a dough (viscoelastic and/or rheological properties) or a product obtained from a dough (softness and/or resilience) comprising adding to the dough or to a component of a dough at least one glucose oxidase variant of the present disclosure.
- the present disclosure also provides a process for improving the commercial operations using dough.
- the glucose oxidase variant can be used as a dough drying agent, a dough strengthened to enhance the cohesiveness of the dough and/or to improve the machinability of the dough.
- the present disclosure also provides a process of improving the dough structure by improving the dough’s strength or stability (including the gluten network strength or stability) with the glucose oxidase variants described herein.
- the present disclosure further provides a process of replacing, at least in part, chemical dough strengtheners like ascorbic acid, potassium iodate, and/or bromate.
- the process comprises reducing, when compared to a control process in which no glucose oxidase variant is added to the dough, the amount of the chemical dough strengthener added to the dough without substantially compromising the properties of the dough or of the baked product obtained from the dough.
- the reduction in the amount of chemical dough strengthener is at least 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95% (in weight percent of the flour) or more, when compared to the amount of the chemical dough strengthener used in a control process in which no glucose oxidase variant is added to a dough.
- the present disclosure also provides a process of improving the characteristics (improving quality, increasing volume, reduction of chewiness/firmness) of a baked/fried product obtained from a dough through the enzymatic activity of the glucose oxidase variants described herein.
- the glucose oxidase variants can be used in combination with one or more additional baking enzymes.
- one or more glucose oxidase variant can be added to a dough or part of the dough (optionally with a fermenting yeast and/or a chemically leavening agent).
- the process can include, in some embodiments, pre-fermenting dough to obtain a preferment.
- the glucose oxidase variants (which may be provided in the preferment) can be contacted with the dough prior to and/or after the pre-fermenting step.
- the process can include leavening the dough (using a yeast, a chemical leavening agent, or a combination of both).
- the glucose oxidase variants can be contacted with the dough prior to and/or after the leavening step.
- the process can include baking and/or frying the dough.
- the baking/frying step(s) is(are) performed at least in part, in the presence of the glucose oxidase variant in the dough.
- the process can include freezing the dough or the baked/fried dough product.
- the glucose oxidase variants can be included prior to or after the freezing step.
- the process can also include a step of storing the baked/fried product prior to its consumption.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used in combination with other enzymes such as, for example, lipases, amylases, hemicellulases, glucoamylases, transglutaminases, xylanase, a sulfhydryl oxidase, a lipoxygenase, a laccase, a cellulase, a catalase, a tyrosinase, a peroxidase, or a protease, whenever applicable.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used in combination with chemical dough strengtheners such as ascorbic acid or bromate.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be using in baking application in which no chemical dough strengtheners are used (e.g., chemical strengthener- free baking applications).
- the glucose oxidase variants can be added to different types of doughs such as, for example, a leavened dough, a sponge dough, a straight dough, an unleavened dough regular dough, a non-laminated dough, a doughnut (donut) dough, an acid dough and/or a patetere (sweetened dough).
- Doughs include, without limitation, bread dough, cake dough, brioche dough, challah dough, crepe dough, focaccia dough, pasta dough, pizza dough, rolled-in dough, a rich dough, a pie dough, a pate brisee, sablee dough, puff pastry dough, phyllo dough, choux pastry dough, croissant dough, kourou dough, and sourdough.
- the glucose oxidase variant can be added to a dough comprising a sweetening agent, such as, for example, a dough comprising glucose, high-fructose syrup, sucrose, fructose, trehalose, molasses, honey, maple syrup, stevia, or a synthetic sweetener (like sucralose for example).
- a sweetening agent such as, for example, a dough comprising glucose, high-fructose syrup, sucrose, fructose, trehalose, molasses, honey, maple syrup, stevia, or a synthetic sweetener (like sucralose for example).
- the glucose oxidase variants can be added to a dough comprising at least 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30% (in baker’s percentage, e.g., weight/weight of flour) of the sweetening agent.
- the glucose oxidase variants can be added to a dough which has not been supplemented with an exogenous source of a sweetening agent.
- the glucose oxidase variants can be added to a dough intended to be used in a product having zero net carbohydrate, e.g., having less than 0.5 g of carbohydrate per serving.
- the glucose oxidase variants can be added to an acidified dough.
- the glucose oxidase variants can be added to a dough having a pH equal to or below 5.0, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, 4.6, 4.5, 4.4, 4.3, 4.2, 4.1 or lower.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used with any starch-containing flour.
- Starch-containing flours include, but are not limited to, wheat flour (including white wheat flour, whole wheat flour, refined wheat flour, etc.), corn flour, rice flour, sorghum flour, millet flour, as well as combinations thereof.
- the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be added to a batter (e.g., a mixture of a flour with a liquid).
- the batter can be used to make pancakes, waffles, the coating of fried food, cakes, muffins, crepes, fritters, and/or doughnuts.
- the wild-type and different variant glucose oxidases have been expressed either in Saccharomyces cerevisiae or in Komagataella phaffii (ATCC strain 76273).
- Table 2 provides a description of the different enzymes that were characterized in this example.
- Table 3 provides a description of the various strains that were made to express the enzymes.
- Table 2. Description of the polypeptides having glucose oxidase activity (E.C. 1.1.3.4) characterized in the present example.
- the amino acid numbering for the mutations is based on the amino acid sequence of the wild-type (WT) enzyme (SEQ ID NO: 1).
- Table 3 Description of the various yeast strains used for expressing the enzymes characterized in the present example.
- the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the Komagataella phaffii strains are haploids.
- Glucose oxidase activity The activity was measured at room temperature (25°C) using the MegazymeTM glucose oxidase kit, in accordance with manufacturer instructions. In some instances, a 10-minute temperature challenge was applied prior to determining enzymatic activity (to generate the residual activity data points). For relative activity, the activity associated with the WT enzyme is considered to be 100% and all other variants’ activities are reported as percentages of this baseline. For the residual activity data, each residual activity level is reported as a percentage of that variant’s activity at 25°C.
- T 5 o values were obtained by fitting each temperature activity curve to a sum of squares model from Figure 3 (for variants expressed in S. cerevisiae) or from Figure 6 (for variants expressed in K. phaffii).
- S. cerevisiae growth conditions The different S. cerevisiae strains were inoculated from agar plates into medium containing fructose for 20-24 hours, after which the biomass was further propagated in growth medium containing fructose for 32-48 hours. In assays conducted in 96- well plates, a concentration of 40 g/L fructose was used. In assays conducted in bioreactors, approximately 20 mL/hour 40% fructose solution was used.
- K. phaffii growth conditions The different K. phaffii strains were inoculated from agar plates into growth medium containing fructose or glycerol for 20-24 hours, after which the biomass was further propagated in growth medium containing ethanol for 48 hours. In assays conducted in 96-well plates, a concentration of 20 g/L of ethanol was used. In assays conducted in bioreactors, approximately 6 mL/hour of ethanol was used.
- the dough was obtained by mixing flour, water, dextrose, compressed yeast, canola oil, salt, Fermaid Super RelaxTM product (Lallemand Inc.), Essential PBR-2000TM (Lallemand Inc), SSL, and various levels of wild type and glucose oxidase variants.
- the dough was bulk proofed for 15 minutes at room temperature, divided into 400-gram dough pieces and rounded. After 7 minutes rest time the dough pieces were moulded into a cylindrical shape using a Bloemhof moulder and put into baking pans.
- the dough was proofed in a Nu-Vu proof box set at 44°C and 88% relative humidity to a constant height of 100 mm (proof time 60 minutes) and baked in a National Mfg oven for 17 minutes at 227°C.
- Glucose oxidase activity was determined using O-dianiside dihydrocloride and a peroxidase.
- glucose is oxidized to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide.
- the hydrogen peroxide is then reduced by water and the activity of the peroxidase which ultimately oxidizes O-dianiside dihydrocloride providing a chromogen which can be detected at 540 nm using a spectrophotometer.
- one glucose oxidase unit (GODU) will oxidize 1.0 pmole of p-D-glucose to D- gluconolactone and H 2 O 2 per minute at pH 5.1 at 35°C.
- Figure 4 depicts activities of representative GOx variants at room temperature or 25°C (solid bars), or after a ten-minute incubation at 65°C (striped bars). All representative variants evaluated maintain substantially similar levels of activity at room temperature compared to the wildtype enzyme ( Figure 4, solid bars). Furthermore, as the striped bars once again illustrate, GOx variants v24 and v26 additionally exhibit substantially reduced loss in activity after incubation at elevated temperature (65°C) compared to the wildtype ( Figure 4, striped bars).
- Figure 7 depicts the effect of GOx variants v24 and v26 relative to the wildtype enzyme in bread baking application tests.
- GOx variants v24 and v26 lead to two-fold larger bread loaf volumes than the unmodified enzyme (10% loaf volume increase over control versus 5-6% volume increase, respectively).
- GOx variant v24 (expressed in K. phaffii) was compared to two commercial benchmark GOx preparations as well as a wildtype GOx (expressed in S. cerevisiae) in an accelerated stability study. As shown in Table 6, the GOx variant v24 was more stable than the other enzyme preparations tested.
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Abstract
The present disclosure concerns a glucose oxidase variant derived from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. The glucose oxidase variant comprises an amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411, 443, 468, and/or 491 and optionally at any one of positions 92, 433, 440, and/or 503. The glucose oxidase variants exhibit enzymatic activity both at room temperature as well as at elevated temperatures.
Description
GLUCOSE OXIDASE VARIANTS
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) AND DOCUMENT(S)
This patent application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application 63/582,640 filed on September 14, 2023 which is herewith incorporated in its entirety. This patent application also comprises a sequence listing in electronic format also incorporated herewith in its entirety.
TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD
The present disclosure concerns glucose oxidase variants exhibiting activity at elevated temperatures while maintaining activity at room temperature.
BACKGROUND
Glucose oxidase is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent enzyme which oxidizes p- D-glucose to D-glucono-w-lactone and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of molecular oxygen. It is utilized as an oxidizing agent in industries including pharmaceutical, medical, textile, and food sectors. In baking applications, by virtue of the hydrogen peroxide it releases in situ, glucose oxidase facilitates the formation of an ordered gluten matrix in bread dough, improving its machinability, loaf volume, and crumb consistency.
Catalytically, glucose oxidase is considered a near-ideal enzyme owing to its rapid and highly specific mechanism of action (on the order of 106 M'1 S'1). Thermodynamically, the enzyme is susceptible to variability in conditions such as temperature, pH, or ionic strength. A glucose oxidase which maintains its full catalytic power but also has higher thermodynamic stability is desirable in biotechnological and other industrial applications.
SUMMARY
The present disclosure provides glucose oxidase variants having enzymatic activity which differ from the parental (wildtype) glucose oxidase.
According to a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a glucose oxidase variant (i) having at least 90% identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 , and (ii) comprising an amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 . In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 159. In additional embodiments, the amino acid substitution at position 159 can be A159F, A159L, A159K, A159R, A159Y, A159T, A159V, or A159S. In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 411. In additional embodiments, the amino acid substitution at position 411 can be T411 V, T411 S, T411A, T41 1 Q, T41 1 E, or T411 K. In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 443. In additional embodiments, the amino acid substitution at position 443 can be A443I, A443L, A443F, A443M, A443Y, or A443V. In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 468. In additional embodiments, the amino acid substitution at position 468 can be H468R,
H468A, H468K, H468G, or H468S. In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 491 . In additional embodiments, the amino acid substitution at position 491 can be Q491 K, Q491 R, or Q491 E. In another embodiment, the glucose oxidase variant can further comprise one or more additional amino acid substitution at any one of positions 92, 433, 440, and/or 503. In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 92. In additional embodiments, the amino acid substitution at position 92 can be D92E, D92Q, D92A, D92K, D92R, D92S, or D92Y. In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 433. In additional embodiments, the amino acid substitution at position 433 can be S433A, S433V, S433L, S433G, S433F, S433Y, or S433I. In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 440. In additional embodiments, the amino acid substitution at position 440 can be A440G, A440E, A440D, A440S, A440F, or A440K. In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant can comprise the amino acid substitution at position 503. In additional embodiments, the amino acid substitution at position 503 can be 503K, Q503A, Q503R, Q503S, or Q503E.
According to a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a heterologous nucleic acid molecule comprising an open reading frame encoding the glucose oxidase variant described herein. In an embodiment, the heterologous nucleic acid molecule further comprises at least one promoter operably associated with the open reading frame.
According to a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a vector comprising the heterologous nucleic acid molecule described herein.
According to a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides an expression cassette comprising the heterologous nucleic acid molecule described herein.
According to a fifth aspect, the present disclosure provides a recombinant microbial host cell expressing the glucose oxidase variant described herein. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell comprises the heterologous nucleic acid molecule described herein, the vector described herein, or the expression cassette described herein. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell is a yeast. In a further embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell is from Saccharomyces sp. In still a further embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell is from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In a further embodiment, the recombinant microbial is from Komagataella sp. In yet a further embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell is from Komagataella phaffii.
According to a sixth aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for making the glucose oxidase variant described herein. The process comprises expressing the heterologous nucleic acid molecule described herein, the vector described herein, or the expression cassette described herein in the recombinant microbial host cell described herein. In an embodiment, the glucose oxidase variant is an intracellular polypeptide or a secreted polypeptide. In another
embodiment, the secreted polypeptide is in a free form or is associated to the surface of the recombinant microbial host cell. In yet another embodiment, the polypeptide associated to the surface of the recombinant yeast host cell is a tethered polypeptide. In an embodiment, the method further comprises, after step (i), (ii) substantially separating the glucose oxidase variant from the recombinant microbial host cell. In still a further embodiment, the method further comprises, after step (i) or (ii), drying the glucose oxidase variant.
According to a seventh aspect, the present disclosure provides composition comprising the glucose oxidase variant described herein, and a carrier. In an embodiment, the glucose oxidase variant is obtainable or obtained by the method described herein. In yet further embodiments, the composition further comprises another enzyme.
According to an eighth aspect, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing a dough or a baked product prepared from the dough, the process comprising adding an effective amount of the glucose oxidase variant described herein, optionally in combination with a fermenting yeast, to the dough. In an embodiment, the process further comprises, prior to, during and/or after the addition, leavening the dough. In another embodiment, the process further comprises, after the addition, baking the dough. In a further embodiment, the process is for increasing the softness and/or the resilience of the baked product. In additional embodiments, the process is for increasing the strength of the dough and can, in other embodiments, be used to reduce, at least in part, the amount of a chemical dough strengthener in the dough.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Having thus generally described the nature of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, showing by way of illustration, a preferred embodiment thereof, and in which:
Figure 1 provides the relative glucose oxidase activity after incubation for ten minutes at 25°C (solid bars) or 65°C (striped bars) for enzyme variants expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The 25°C activities are reported as percentages of the wildtype activity. The 65°C activities are reported as percentages of each variant’s baseline level of activity at 25°C. Each data point is the average of two technical replicates. The assay was carried out twice.
Figure 2 provides the absolute glucose oxidase activity (absorbance measured at 510 nm) at 25°C for enzyme variants expressed in S. cerevisiae. Each data point is the average of three technical replicates. The assay was carried out twice. The error bars denote the standard deviation of the mean.
Figure 3 provides the temperature activity profiles for enzyme variants expressed in S. cerevisiae. Results are shown for wildtype or WT (black squares, dotted and dashed trend line ■); GOx variants v15 (gray rhombi, solid gray trend line 0); v16 (gray crossed squares, solid
light gray trend line □); v24 (gray circles, long dashed gray trend line o); and v26 (gray triangles, close-spaced gray trend line A).
Figure 4 provides the relative glucose oxidase activity after incubation for ten minutes at 25°C (solid bars) or 65°C (striped bars) for enzyme variants expressed in Komagataella phaffii. The 25°C activities are reported as percentages of the wildtype activity. The 65°C activities are reported as percentages of each variant’s baseline level of activity at 25°C. Each data point is the average of two technical replicates. The assay was carried out twice.
Figure 5 provides the absolute glucose oxidase activity at 25°C for enzyme variants expressed in K. phaffii. Each data point is the average of three technical replicates. The assay was carried out twice. The error bars denote the standard deviation of the mean.
Figure 6 provides the temperature activity profiles for enzyme variants expressed in K. phaffii. Results are shown for wildtype or WT (black squares, dotted and dashed trend line ■); GOx variant v29 (gray rhombi, solid gray trend line 0); v16 (gray crossed squares, solid light gray trend line □); v24 (gray circles, long dashed gray trend line o); and v26 (gray triangles, closespaced gray trend line A).
Figure 7 provides baking application tests comparing the wildtype (WT) glucose oxidase and the GOx variants v24 and v26 expressed in K. phaffii. The solid bars on the left and the striped bars on the right of the graph depict data from two separate bake tests. Glucose oxidase enzymes were dosed into dough from spray-dried samples of enzyme produced in bioreactors. The enzyme dose is denoted under each bar in glucose oxidase units (GODU) per kilogram flour. No enzyme was added to the control dough. The volume of the final bread loaves is plotted.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present disclosure provides polypeptides having glucose oxidase activity which belong to Enzyme Commission # 1.1.3.4. The polypeptides are derived from a naturally occurring glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger having the GenBank accession number P13006 or the Uniprot accession number P13006.1 (which corresponds to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1). The glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger having the GenBank accession number P13006 or the Uniprot accession number P13006.1 (which corresponds to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1) can be referred to as the parental glucose oxidase or the wildtype (WT) glucose oxidase. In the context of the present disclosure, polypeptides are considered being “derived from a naturally occurring glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger3’ when they can be obtained from modifying (adding, deleting, and/or substituting) at least one amino acid residue which is present in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In the context of the present disclosure, polypeptides derived from the naturally occurring glucose oxidase from A. niger can be referred to as glucose oxidase variants.
In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 70% identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. The term “% identity”, as known in the art, is a relationship between two or more polypeptide sequences, as determined by comparing the sequences. The level of identity can be determined conventionally using known computer programs. Identity can be readily calculated by known methods, including but not limited to those described in: Computational Molecular Biology (Lesk, A. M., ed.) Oxford University Press, NY (1988); Biocomputing: Informatics and Genome Projects (Smith, D. W., ed.) Academic Press, NY (1993); Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I (Griffin, A. M., and Griffin, H. G., eds.) Humana Press, NJ (1994); Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology (von Heinje, G., ed.) Academic Press (1987); and Sequence Analysis Primer (Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds.) Stockton Press, NY (1991). Preferred methods to determine identity are designed to give the best match between the sequences tested. Methods to determine identity and similarity are codified in publicly available computer programs. Sequence alignments and percent identity calculations may be performed using the Megalign program of the LASERGENE bioinformatics computing suite (DNASTAR Inc., Madison, Wis.) or Geneious Prime. Multiple alignments of the sequences disclosed herein were performed using the Clustal Omega alignment method, which employs a Hidden Markov Model-based algorithm, using default parameters (including a cluster size = 100).
The variants of the present disclosure exhibit glucose oxidase activity. It is well known in the art how to determine if a polypeptide exhibits glucose oxidase activity. For example, in a first step, the polypeptide suspected of having glucose oxidase activity can be placed in the presence of a substrate known to be acted upon by the enzyme (p-D-glucose for example). If the tested polypeptide exhibits glucose oxidase activity, it will, in the presence of oxygen, generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and a lactone (D-glucono-6-lactone for example). The presence/amount of hydrogen peroxide released can be determined in a further step by using a peroxidase to generate a detectable dye (quinoneimine for example which can be detected at 510 nm; or O-dianiside dihydrocloride for example which can be detected at 540 nm). In this further step, when the detectable dye can be used with the peroxidase to determine glucose oxidase activity.
The variants of the present disclosure exhibit glucose oxidase activity at room temperature e.g., at a temperature between 20°C and 30°C and, in some embodiments, at a temperature of about 25°C). In the context of the present disclosure, the polypeptides exhibiting “glucose oxidase activity at room temperature” refer to polypeptides having at least 10% of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under
similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 20% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 25% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 30% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 35% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 40% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 45% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 50% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 55% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 60% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 65% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 70% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 75% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 80% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 85% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 90% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit at least 95% or more of the activity of the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In some additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants exhibit substantially
the same activity (e.g., between 95-105%) as the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions. In yet some further embodiments, exhibit at more activity (e.g., more than 100%, 105%, 1 10%, 115%, 120%, or higher) than the wildtype glucose oxidase when measured at the same temperature under similar assay conditions.
In addition to exhibiting activity at room temperature, the variants of the present disclosure also exhibit higher activity at elevated temperatures (e.g., at a temperature equal to or higher than 35°C, 36°C, 37°C, 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 71 °C, 72°C, 73°C, 74°C, 75°C, 76°C, 1 C, 78°C, or 79°C) than the wildtype glucose oxidase. In some embodiments, this means that the variants of the present disclosure exhibit 50% or more residual activity. The expression “residual activity” refers to the percentage of the ratio of the activity of a glucose oxidase variant after having been submitted to a heat challenge when compared to the activity of the glucose oxidase variant that has not been submitted to the heat challenge. The heat challenge is applied at elevated temperatures (65°C for example) for a defined amount of time (10 minutes for example). In some embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 50% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 55% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 60% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 65% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 70% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 75% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 80% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 85% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10
minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 90% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example). In some additional embodiments, the residual activity of the glucose oxidase variant can be equal to or greater than 95% or more (when measured, for example after a heat challenge of 10 minutes at 65°C for example).
The glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can have an inactivation temperature that is higher than the wildtype glucose oxidase. The inactivation temperature, which is also referred to as T5o, is the temperature at which an enzyme loses 50% of its activity. The inactivation temperature can be measured, for example, by generating a temperature activity profile for the glucose oxidase variant and by fitting each temperature activity curve to a sum of squares model. In some embodiments, the inactivation temperature of the glucose oxidase variant is higher by at least 1 °C, 2°C, 3°C, 4°C, 5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, or more when compared to the inactivation temperature of the wildtype glucose oxidase. In some additional embodiments, the inactivation temperature of the glucose oxidase variant is higher by at least 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, or more when compared to the inactivation temperature of the wildtype glucose oxidase. In some further embodiments, the inactivation temperature of the glucose oxidase variant is higher by at least 8°C, 9°C, or more when compared to the inactivation temperature of the wildtype glucose oxidase.
The glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can have a melting temperature that is higher than the wildtype glucose oxidase. The melting temperature, which is also referred to as Tm, is the temperature at which the enzyme folded and unfolded state distributions are equally populated (e.g., the midpoint of the denaturation curve of the protein). The melting temperature can be measured, for example, by using differential scanning fluorimetry using a fluorescent dye. In some embodiments, the melting temperature of the glucose oxidase variant is higher by at least 1 °C, 2°C, 3°C, 4°C, 5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, or more when compared to the melting temperature of the wildtype glucose oxidase. In some additional embodiments, the melting temperature of the glucose oxidase variant is higher by at least 4°C, 5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, or more when compared to the melting temperature of the wildtype glucose oxidase. In some further embodiments, the melting temperature of the glucose oxidase variant is higher by at least 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, or more when compared to the melting temperature of the wildtype glucose oxidase.
The glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can have increased stability during storage (at specific temperatures) than the wildtype glucose oxidase. Stability during storage can be assessed by methods known in the art. For example, the activity before and after storage can be determined to calculate the activity that is lost during storage. Storage can be
performed at room temperature (between about 20-30°C), at cold temperatures (between about 0-20°C), at freezing temperatures (below 0°C), or at elevated temperatures (above 30°C for example). In some embodiments, the stability of the glucose oxidase variant and of the wildtype enzyme is determined at elevated temperatures (between about 35-55°C, and in some embodiments, at about 45°C). The stability of the glucose oxidase variant and of the wildtype enzyme is determined after a specific amount of storage time (hours, days, months). In some embodiments, the stability of the glucose oxidase variant and of the wildtype enzyme is determined after a storage time of 1 , 2, 3, and/or 4 weeks. After an incubation at 45°C for one week, some of the glucose oxidase will exhibit a loss in activity below about 15% of the initial activity of 0-day incubated samples that are kept frozen (and in some additional embodiments, a loss in activity equal to or below about 14, 13, 12, 11 , 10, 9, 8, 7, or 6%). After an incubation at 45°C for two weeks, some of the glucose oxidase will exhibit a loss in activity below about 18% of the initial activity of 0-day incubated samples that are kept frozen (and in some additional embodiments, a loss in activity equal to or below about 17, 16, 15, or 14%). After an incubation at 45°C for three weeks, some of the glucose oxidase will exhibit a loss in activity below about 26% of the initial activity of 0-day incubated samples that are kept frozen (and in some additional embodiments, a loss in activity equal to or below about 25, 24, 23, 22, 21 , 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, or 15%). After an incubation at 45°C for four weeks, some of the glucose oxidase will exhibit a loss in activity below about 31 % of the initial activity of 0-day incubated samples that are kept frozen (and in some additional embodiments, a loss in activity equal to or below about 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, or 22%).
Glucose oxidase variants
As indicated herein, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure are derived from a naturally occurring glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger having the GenBank accession number P13006 or the Uniprot accession number P13006.1 (which corresponds to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1). The wildtype glucose oxidase, when expressed natively in Aspergillus niger, is believed to have a signal sequence which can be cleaved when the enzyme is secreted in a mature form. However, the prediction of the exact domain boundary of the signal sequence is ambiguous, and therefore of the amino acid sequence of the mature wildtype glucose oxidase can vary. In some embodiments, the signal sequence of the wildtype glucose oxidase includes the first 16 amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In such embodiments, the mature (secreted) form of the wild-type glucose oxidase and of the glucose oxidase variants would comprise the amino acid residues 17 to 605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . In some further embodiments, the signal sequence of the wildtype and of the glucose oxidase variants includes the first 22 amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In such embodiments, the mature (secreted) form
of the wild-type glucose oxidase and of the glucose oxidase variants would comprise the amino acid residues 23 to 605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some additional embodiments, the signal sequence of the wildtype and of the glucose oxidase variants includes the first 24 amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In such embodiments, the mature (secreted) form of the wild-type glucose oxidase and of the glucose oxidase variants would comprise the amino acid residues 25 to 605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
In the context of the present disclosure, the numbering of the amino acid residues which are modified in the glucose oxidase variants are provided with respect to the full length of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 , even though the glucose oxidase variants (especially in their mature/secreted form) may lack some of N-terminal residues which are cleaved upon secretion. For example, as indicated herein, some of the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 159 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . In embodiments in which the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example), this will correspond to position 159 in the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 16 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion (or in a cell-free production system), this will correspond to position 143 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 22 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion (or in a cell- free production system), this will correspond to position 137 in the secreted glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 24 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion (or in a cell-free production system), this will correspond to position 135 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In another example, as indicated herein, some of the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 411 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . In embodiments in which the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example), this will correspond to position 41 1 in the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 16 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 395 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 22 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 389 in the secreted glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 24 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion (or in a cell-free production system), this will correspond to position 387 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In yet another example, as indicated herein, some of the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 443 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . In embodiments in which the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example), this will correspond to position 443 in the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 16 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 427 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 22 amino acid residues are
cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 421 in the secreted glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 24 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion (or in a cell-free production system), this will correspond to position 419 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In still another example, as indicated herein, some of the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 468 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . In embodiments in which the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example), this will correspond to position 468 in the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 16 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 452 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 22 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 446 in the secreted glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 24 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion (or in a cell-free production system), this will correspond to position 444 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In a further example, as indicated herein, some of the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 491 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . In embodiments in which the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example), this will correspond to position 491 in the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 16 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 475 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 22 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 469 in the secreted glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 24 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion (or in a cell-free production system), this will correspond to position 467 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In yet a further example, as indicated herein, some of the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 92 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . In embodiments in which the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example), this will correspond to position 92 in the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 16 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 76 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 22 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 70 in the secreted glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 24 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion (or in a cell-free production system), this will correspond to position 68 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In still another example, as indicated herein, some of the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 433 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . In embodiments in which the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example), this will correspond to position 433 in the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 16 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 417 in the mature form of
the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 22 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 411 in the secreted glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 24 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion (or in a cell-free production system), this will correspond to position 409 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In still another example, as indicated herein, some of the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 440 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . In embodiments in which the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example), this will correspond to position 440 in the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 16 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 424 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 22 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 418 in the secreted glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 24 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion (or in a cell-free production system), this will correspond to position 416 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In still another example, as indicated herein, some of the glucose oxidase variants include a substitution at position 503 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . In embodiments in which the signal sequence has not yet been cleaved (prior to secretion for example), this will correspond to position 503 in the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 16 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 487 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 22 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion, this will correspond to position 481 in the secreted glucose oxidase variant. In embodiments in which the first 24 amino acid residues are cleaved upon secretion (or in a cell-free production system), this will correspond to position 479 in the mature form of the glucose oxidase variant.
The glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure have at least 70% identity and less than 100% identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . As such, the glucose oxidase variants include amino acid modifications with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. The amino modifications can include at least one amino acid addition, at least one amino acid deletion and/or at least one amino acid substitution. In some specific embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants include amino acid substitutions with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 . In some additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants include at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or more amino acid substitutions with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 .
In some further embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants include at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 . In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants include at least two amino acid substitutions at any combinations of positions 159, 41 1 , 443, 468, and/or 491. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase
variants include at least three amino acid substitutions at any combinations of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491. In further embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants include at least four amino acid substitutions at any combinations of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491. In yet additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants include amino acid substitutions at positions 159, 41 1 , 443, 468, and 491. Embodiments of glucose oxidase variants comprising at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 are provided in Table 1 .
The present disclosure provides variants of glucose oxidase variants including at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 . Such variants include at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 41 1 , 443, 468, and/or 491 as well as other modifications. As used in the context of the present disclosure, a “variant” of a glucose oxidase variant includes at least one amino acid difference (e.g., at least one amino acid addition, deletion or substitution) when compared to the amino acid sequence of the original glucose oxidase variant. Variants exhibit a substantially similar biological activity when compared to the biological activity of the original glucose oxidase variant. In some embodiments, the variants (including the fragments) can also have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more biological activity when compared to the biological activity of the original glucose oxidase variant. In some specific embodiments, the variants (including the fragments) can also have more biological activity when compared to the biological activity of the original glucose oxidase variant. The at least one amino acid difference can referto an amino acid residue that has been added, substituted, or deleted. As used in the context of the present disclosure, a “fragment” is a type of variant which includes at least one deleted amino acid residues when compared to the amino acid sequence of the original polypeptide. In some embodiments, fragments can refer to the mature form of a secreted glucose oxidase fragment (from which the signal sequence has been cleaved). In some embodiments, the variants (including the fragments) can also have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity to the amino acid sequence of the glucose oxidase variant.
The variants of glucose oxidase variants described herein may be (i) one in which one or more of the amino acid residues are substituted with a conservative or non-conservative (preferably a conservative) amino acid residue and such substituted amino acid residue may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code, or (ii) one in which one or more of the amino acid residues includes a substituent group, or (iii) one in which the mature polypeptide is fused with another compound, such as a compound to increase the half-life of the polypeptide (for example, polyethylene glycol), or (iv) one in which the additional amino acids are fused to the mature polypeptide for purification of the polypeptide. Conservative substitutions typically include the substitution of one amino acid for another with similar characteristics, e.g., substitutions of an
amino acid by another one belonging to same category determined by its side chain: within amino acids presenting hydrophobic side chain (alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan); within amino acids presenting positively charged side chain (arginine, histidine, or lysine); negatively charged side chain (aspartic acid or glutamic acid) and polar-uncharged side chain (serine, threonine, asparagine, or glutamine); or substitutions within the following groups: valine, glycine; glycine, alanine; valine, isoleucine, leucine; aspartic acid, glutamic acid; asparagine, glutamine; serine, threonine; lysine, arginine; and phenylalanine, tyrosine. Other conservative amino acid substitutions are known in the art and are included herein. Non-conservative substitutions, such as replacing a basic amino acid with a hydrophobic one, are also well-known in the art.
A variant of a glucose oxidase variant can also be a conservative variant or an allelic variant. As used herein, a conservative variant refers to alterations in the amino acid sequence that do not adversely affect the biological function(s) of the polypeptide. A substitution, insertion, or deletion is said to adversely affect the polypeptide when the altered sequence prevents or disrupts a biological function associated with the polypeptide. For example, the overall charge, structure, or hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the polypeptide can be altered without adversely affecting a biological activity. Accordingly, the amino acid sequence can be altered, for example to render the polypeptide more hydrophobic or hydrophilic, without adversely affecting the biological activities of the polypeptide.
A fragment can correspond to the polypeptides to which the signal peptide sequence has been removed. In additional embodiments, the fragment can be, for example, a truncation of one or more, two or more, three or more, four, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, 10 or more, 11 or more, 12 or more, 13 or more, 14 or more, 15 or more, 16 or more, 17 or more, 18 or more, 19 or more, 20 or more, 21 or more, 22 or more, 23 or more, 24 or more at the amino terminus of the non-truncated polypeptide or variant. In additional embodiments, the fragment can be, for example, a truncation of one or more, two or more, three or more, four, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, 10 or more, 1 1 or more, 12 or more, 13 or more, 14 or more, 15 or more, 16 or more, 17 or more, 18 or more, 19 or more, 20 or more, 21 or more, 22 or more, 23 or more, 24 or more at the carboxyl terminus of the non-truncated polypeptide or variant. Alternatively, or in combination, the fragment can be generated from removing one or more internal amino acid residues. In an embodiment, the polypeptide fragment can have at least 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, or more consecutive amino acid residues of the original amino acid sequence or the polypeptide variant. The present disclosure also provides variants of glucose oxidase variants including at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 41 1 , 443, 468, and/or 491 . Such variants include the at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 as well as other modifications.
The glucose oxidase variants having at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 can further include at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 92, 433, 440, and/or 503. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants having at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 can also include at least two amino acid substitutions at any combinations of positions 92, 433, 440, and/or 503. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants having at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 can also include at least three amino acid substitutions at any combinations of positions 92, 433, 440, and/or 503. In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants having at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 can also include substitutions at positions 92, 433, 440, and 503. Embodiments of glucose oxidase variants comprising at least one at least one amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 as well as at least one further amino acid substitution at any one of 92, 433, 440, and/or 503 are provided in Table 1 . The glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can have the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19.
Table 1. Embodiments of the combinations of amino acid identity at positions 92, 159, 411 , 433, 440, 443, 468, 491 , and 503 of the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure. The amino acid numbering is based on the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. X1 (at position 92) refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not D; in some embodiments it can be E, Q, A, K, R, S, or Y; in some further embodiments, it can be E. X2 (at position 159) refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not A; in some embodiments it can be F, L, K, R, Y, T, V, or S; in some further embodiments, it can be F. X3 (at position 411) refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not T; in some embodiments it can be V, S, A, Q, E, or K; in some further embodiments, it can be V. X4 (at position 433) refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not S; in some embodiments it can be A, V, L, G, F, Y, or I; in some further embodiments, it can be A. X5 (at position 440) refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not A; in some embodiments it can be G, E, D, S, F, or K; in some further embodiments, it can be G. X6 (at position 443) refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not A; in some embodiments it can be I, L, F, M, Y, or V; in some further embodiments, it can be I. X7 (at position 468) refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not H; in some embodiments it can be R, A, K, G, or S; in some further embodiments, it can be R. X8 (at position 491) refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not Q; in some embodiments it can be K, R, or E; in some further embodiments, it can be K. X9 (at position
3) refers to any natural occurring amino acid residue which is not Q; in some embodiments can be K, A, R, S, or E; in some further embodiments, it can be K.
In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant comprises, at position 159, a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from A. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 159 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 159 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 159 can include, in some embodiments, at least three further substitutions at any one of positions 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 159 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 411 , 443, 468, and 491. For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 159, one of the following amino acid residue: R (A159R), N (A159N),
or V (A159V). For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 159, one of the following amino acid residue: R (A159R), L (A159L), K (A159K), F (A159F), S (A159S), T (A159T), Y (A159Y), or V (A159V). In another example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 159, one of the following amino acid residue: K (A159K), F (A159F), S (A159S), T (A159T), Y (A159Y), or V (A159V). In a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 159, one of the following amino acid residue: L (A159L), or F (A159F). In yet a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 159, F (A159F). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 159, Q (D159Q). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 159, L (A159L). Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 159, a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25-605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7).
In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant comprises, at position 411 , a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from T. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 411 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 159, 443, 468, and/or 491. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 41 1 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 443, 468, and/or 491. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 411 can include, in some embodiments, at least three further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 443, 468, and/or 491. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 41 1 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 159, 443, 468, and 491. For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 411 , one of the following amino acid residue: A (T411A), R (T411 R), N (T411 N), D (T411 D), C (T411 C), E (T411 E), Q (T41 1 Q), G (T411 G), H (T411 H), I (T411 I), L (T411 L), K (T411 K), M (T41 1 M), F (T411 F), P (T411 P), S (T41 1 S), W (T411 W), Y (T411 Y), or V (T41 1V). For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 411 , one of the following amino acid residues: A (T411A), E (T411 E), Q (T41 1 Q), K (T411 K), S (T411 S), or V (T411V). In another example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 411 , one of the following amino acid residues: Q (T411 Q), K (T411 K), S (T41 1 S), or V (T411 V). In a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 411 , one of the following amino acid residues: S (T41 1 S), or V (T411V). In yet a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 411 , V (T41 1V). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 41 1 , A (T41 1A). In some embodiments, the glucose
oxidase variant does not include, at position 411 , E (T411 E). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 411 , A (T41 1A) or E (T411 E). Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 41 1 , a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25-605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7).
In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant comprises, at position 443, a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from A. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 443 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 468, and/or 491. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 443 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 411 , 468, and/or 491. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 443 can include, in some embodiments, at least three further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 411 , 468, and/or 491. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 443 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 159, 411 , 468, and 491. For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 443, one of the following amino acid residue: R (A443R), N (A443N), D (A443D), C (A443C), E (A443E), Q (A443Q), G (A443G), H (A443H), I (A443I), L (A443L), K (A443K), M (A443M), F (A443F), P (A443P), S (A443S), T (A443T), W (A443W), Y (A443Y), or V (A443V). For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 443, one of the following amino acid residues: I (A443I), L (A443L), M (A443M), F (A443F), Y (A443Y), or V (A443V). In another example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 443, one of the following amino acid residues: M (A443M), F (A443F), Y (A443Y), or V (A443V). In a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 443, one of the following amino acid residues: I (A443I), or L (A443L). In yet a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 443, I (A443I). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 443, 1 (A443I). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 443, L (A443L). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 443, 1 (A443I) or L (A443L). Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 443, a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25- 605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7).
In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant comprises, at position 468, a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from H. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 468 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, and/or 491. The glucose oxidase variant
comprising a substitution at position 468 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, and/or 491. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 468 can include, in some embodiments, at least three further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, and/or 491 . The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 468 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 159, 411 , 443, and 491. For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 468, one of the following amino acid residue: A (H468A), R (H468R), N (H468N), D (H468D), C (H468C), E (H468E), Q (H468Q), G (H468G), I (H468I), L (H468L), K (H468K), M (H468M), F (H468F), P (H468P), S (H468S), T (H468T), W (H468W), Y (H468Y), or V (H468V). For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 468, one of the following amino acid residues: A (H468A), R (H468R), (H468G), K (H468K), or S (H468S). In another example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 468, one of the following amino acid residues: A (H468A), (H468G), K (H468K), or S (H468S). In a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 468, one of the following amino acid residues: A (H468A), R (H468R), or K (H468K). In yet a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 468, R (H468R). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 468, R (H468R). Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 468, a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25- 605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7).
In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant comprises, at position 491 , a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from Q. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 491 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, and/or 468. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 491 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, and/or 468. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 491 can include, in some embodiments, at least three further substitutions at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, and/or 468. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 491 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 159, 411 , 443, and 468. For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 491 , one of the following amino acid residue: A (Q491A), R (Q491 R), N (Q491 N), D (Q491 D), C (Q491 C), E (Q491 E), G (Q491 G), H (Q491 H), I (Q4911), L (Q491 L), K (Q491 K), M (Q491 M), F (Q491 F), P (Q491 P), S (Q491 S), T (Q491T), W (Q491W), Y (Q491Y), or V (Q491 V). For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 491 , one of the following amino acid residues: R (Q491 R), E (Q491 E), or K (Q491 K). In another example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 491 , one of the following amino
acid residues: R (Q491 R), or E (Q491 E). In yet a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 491 , K (Q491 K). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 491 , K (Q491 K). Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 491 , a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25-605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 7).
Glucose oxidase variants having amino acid substitutions at positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and 491 include, but are not limited to, those having the following combinations of substitutions: A159F,T411V,A443I,H468R,Q491 K;A159F,T411V,A443I,H468R,Q491 R;A159F,T411V,A443 l,H468R,Q491 E;A159F,T411 V,A443I,H468A,Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 V,A443I,H468A,Q491 R;A1 59F.T41 1 V,A443I,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 V,A443I,H468K,Q491 K;A159F.T411 V,A443I,H 468K.Q491 R;A159F.T411 V,A443I,H468K,Q491 E;A159F,T41 1 V,A443I,H468G,Q491 K;A159 F,T411 V,A443I,H468G,Q491 R;A159F.T411 V,A443I,H468G,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 V,A443I,H4 68S.Q491 K;A159F.T411 V,A443I,H468S,Q491 R;A159F.T411 V,A443I,H468S,Q491 E;A159F, T41 1 V,A443L,H468R,Q491 K;A159F,T411 V,A443L,H468R,Q491 R;A159F,T411 V,A443L,H46 8R.Q491 E;A159F.T411 V,A443L,H468A,Q491 K;A159F.T411 V,A443L,H468A,Q491 R;A159F, T41 1 V,A443L,H468A,Q491 E;A159F,T41 1 V,A443L,H468K,Q491 K;A159F,T41 1 V,A443L,H46 8K.Q491 R;A159F.T411 V,A443L,H468K,Q491 E;A159F.T411 V,A443L,H468G,Q491 K;A159F, T41 1 V,A443L,H468G,Q491 R;A159F,T41 1 V,A443L,H468G,Q491 E;A159F,T411 V,A443L,H46 8S.Q491 K;A159F.T411 V,A443L,H468S,Q491 R;A159F.T411 V,A443L,H468S,Q491 E;A159F, T41 1 V,A443F,H468R,Q491 K;A159F,T411 V,A443F,H468R,Q491 R;A159F,T411 V,A443F,H4 68R.Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 V,A443F,H468A,Q491 K;A159F.T411 V,A443F,H468A,Q491 R;A159 F,T411 V,A443F,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T411 V,A443F,H468K,Q491 K;A159F,T41 1 V,A443F,H 468K.Q491 R;A159F.T411 V,A443F,H468K,Q491 E;A159F.T411 V,A443F,H468G,Q491 K;A15 9F,T411 V,A443F,H468G,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 V,A443F,H468G,Q491 E;A159F.T411 V.A443F, H468S.Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 V,A443F,H468S,Q491 R;A159F,T41 1 V,A443F,H468S,Q491 E;A1 59F.T41 1 V,A443M,H468R,Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 V,A443M,H468R,Q491 R;A159F,T411 V,A443 M,H468R,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 V,A443M,H468A,Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 V,A443M,H468A,Q491 R; A159F.T411 V,A443M,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 V,A443M,H468K,Q491 K;A159F,T411 V,A4 43M,H468K,Q491 R;A159F.T411 V,A443M,H468K,Q491 E;A159F.T411 V,A443M,H468G,Q49
I K;A159F.T41 1 V,A443M,H468G,Q491 R;A159F.T411 V,A443M,H468G,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 V ,A443M,H468S,Q491 K;A159F.T411 V,A443M,H468S,Q491 R;A159F.T411 V,A443M,H468S,Q 491 E;A159F.T411 V,A443Y,H468R,Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 V,A443Y,H468R,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 V,A443Y,H468R,Q491 E;A159F,T411V,A443Y,H468A,Q491 K;A159F,T411V,A443Y,H468A, Q491 R;A159F.T411 V,A443Y,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T411 V,A443Y,H468K,Q491 K;A159F,T4
I I V,A443Y,H468K,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 V,A443Y,H468K,Q491 E;A159F,T411 V,A443Y,H468
G.Q491 K;A159F.T411 V,A443Y,H468G,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 V,A443Y,H468G,Q491 E;A159F, T41 1 V,A443Y,H468S,Q491 K;A159F.T411 V,A443Y,H468S,Q491 R;A159F.T411 V,A443Y,H4 68S.Q491 E;A159F.T411 V,A443V,H468R,Q491 K;A159F.T411 V,A443V,H468R,Q491 R;A159
F.T411 V,A443V,H468R,Q491 E;A159F.T411 V,A443V,H468A,Q491 K;A159F.T411 V,A443V,H 468A.Q491 R;A159F.T411 V,A443V,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 V,A443V,H468K,Q491 K;A15 9F.T411 V,A443V,H468K,Q491 R;A159F.T411 V,A443V,H468K,Q491 E;A159F.T411 V.A443V, H468G.Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 V,A443V,H468G,Q491 R;A159F.T411 V,A443V,H468G,Q491 E;A 159F.T411 V,A443V,H468S,Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 V,A443V,H468S,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 V.A443 V,H468S,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443I,H468R,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443I,H468R,Q491 R;A1 59F.T41 1 S,A443I,H468R,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443I,H468A,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S.A443I.H 468A.Q491 R;A159F.T411 S,A443I,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443I,H468K,Q491 K;A159F ,T411 S,A443I,H468K,Q491 R;A159F.T411 S,A443I,H468K,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S.A443I.H468
G.Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443I,H468G,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 S,A443I,H468G,Q491 E;A159F,T 411 S,A443I,H468S,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443I,H468S,Q491 R;A159F.T411 S.A443I.H468S, Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443L,H468R,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443L,H468R,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 S,A443L,H468R,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443L,H468A,Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 S,A443L,H468A, Q491 R;A159F.T411 S,A443L,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443L,H468K,Q491 K;A159F.T41
I S,A443L,H468K,Q491 R;A159F.T411 S,A443L,H468K,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443L,H468G, Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443L,H468G,Q491 R;A159F.T411 S,A443L,H468G,Q491 E;A159F.T4
I I S,A443L,H468S,Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 S,A443L,H468S,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 S,A443L,H468S ,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443F,H468R,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443F,H468R,Q491 R;A159F.T4 11 S,A443F,H468R,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443F,H468A,Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 S,A443F,H468A ,Q491 R;A159F.T411 S,A443F,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443F,H468K,Q491 K;A159F.T4 11 S,A443F,H468K,Q491 R;A159F.T411 S,A443F,H468K,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 S,A443F,H468 G.Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443F,H468G,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 S,A443F,H468G,Q491 E;A159F, T41 1 S,A443F,H468S,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443F,H468S,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 S,A443F,H46 8S.Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 S,A443M,H468R,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443M,H468R,Q491 R;A159 F.T411 S,A443M,H468R,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443M,H468A,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S.A443M, H468A.Q491 R;A159F.T411 S,A443M,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 S,A443M,H468K,Q491 K;A
159F.T411 S,A443M,H468K,Q491 R;A159F.T411 S,A443M,H468K,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 S,A44 3M,H468G,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443M,H468G,Q491 R;A159F.T411 S,A443M,H468G,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 S,A443M,H468S,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443M,H468S,Q491 R;A159F.T411 S, A443M,H468S,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443Y,H468R,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443Y,H468R,Q4 91 R;A159F.T411 S,A443Y,H468R,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443Y,H468A,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443Y,H468A,Q491 R;A159F.T411 S,A443Y,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443Y,H468K, Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443Y,H468K,Q491 R;A159F.T411 S,A443Y,H468K,Q491 E;A159F.T4 11 S,A443Y,H468G,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443Y,H468G,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 S,A443Y,H468
G.Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443Y,H468S,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443Y,H468S,Q491 R;A159F, T41 1 S,A443Y,H468S,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443V,H468R,Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 S,A443V,H4 68R.Q491 R;A159F.T411 S,A443V,H468R,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 S,A443V,H468A,Q491 K;A159
F.T411 S,A443V,H468A,Q491 R;A159F.T411 S,A443V,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T411 S,A443V,H 468K.Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 S,A443V,H468K,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 S,A443V,H468K,Q491 E;A15 9F.T411 S,A443V,H468G,Q491 K;A159F.T411 S,A443V,H468G,Q491 R;A159F.T411 S.A443V, H468G.Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 S,A443V,H468S,Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 S,A443V,H468S,Q491 R;A1 59F.T41 1 S,A443V,H468S,Q491 E;A159F.T411 A,A443I,H468R,Q491 K;A159F.T411 A.A443I, H468R.Q491 R;A159F.T411 A,A443I,H468R,Q491 E;A159F.T411 A,A443I,H468A,Q491 K;A15 9F.T411 A,A443I,H468A,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 A,A443I,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T411 A.A443I.H4 68K.Q491 K;A159F,T411 A,A443I,H468K,Q491 R;A159F,T411 A,A443I,H468K,Q491 E;A159F, T41 1 A,A443I,H468G,Q491 K;A159F.T411 A,A443I,H468G,Q491 R;A159F.T411 A.A443I.H468
G,Q491 E;A159F,T411 A,A443I,H468S,Q491 K;A159F,T41 1 A,A443I,H468S,Q491 R;A159F,T4 11 A,A443I,H468S,Q491 E;A159F,T411 A,A443L,H468R,Q491 K;A159F,T411 A,A443L,H468R, Q491 R;A159F.T411 A,A443L,H468R,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 A,A443L,H468A,Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 A,A443L,H468A,Q491 R;A159F.T411 A,A443L,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T411 A,A443L,H468K, Q491 K;A159F.T411 A,A443L,H468K,Q491 R;A159F.T411 A,A443L,H468K,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1A,A443L,H468G,Q491 K;A159F,T411A,A443L,H468G,Q491 R;A159F,T411A,A443L,H468G, Q491 E;A159F.T411 A,A443L,H468S,Q491 K;A159F.T411 A,A443L,H468S,Q491 R;A159F.T41
I A,A443L,H468S,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 A,A443F,H468R,Q491 K;A159F,T411 A,A443F,H468R, Q491 R;A159F.T411 A,A443F,H468R,Q491 E;A159F.T411 A,A443F,H468A,Q491 K;A159F.T4
I I A,A443F,H468A,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 A,A443F,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 A,A443F,H468K ,Q491 K;A159F.T411 A,A443F,H468K,Q491 R;A159F.T411 A,A443F,H468K,Q491 E;A159F.T4 11 A,A443F,H468G,Q491 K;A159F,T41 1 A,A443F,H468G,Q491 R;A159F.T411 A,A443F,H468 G.Q491 E;A159F.T411 A,A443F,H468S,Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 A,A443F,H468S,Q491 R;A159F,T 411 A,A443F,H468S,Q491 E;A159F.T411 A,A443M,H468R,Q491 K;A159F.T411 A,A443M,H46 8R.Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 A,A443M,H468R,Q491 E;A159F.T41 1 A,A443M,H468A,Q491 K;A159 F.T411 A,A443M,H468A,Q491 R;A159F.T411 A,A443M,H468A,Q491 E;A159F.T411 A.A443M, H468K.Q491 K;A159F.T41 1 A,A443M,H468K,Q491 R;A159F.T411 A,A443M,H468K,Q491 E;A 159F.T411 A,A443M,H468G,Q491 K;A159F,T411 A,A443M,H468G,Q491 R;A159F,T41 1 A,A44 3M,H468G,Q491 E;A159F,T411A,A443M,H468S,Q491 K;A159F,T411A,A443M,H468S,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 A,A443M,H468S,Q491 E;A159F,T411 A,A443Y,H468R,Q491 K;A159F,T411 A, A443Y,H468R,Q491 R;A159F.T411 A,A443Y,H468R,Q491 E;A159F.T411 A,A443Y,H468A,Q4 91 K;A159F,T411 A,A443Y,H468A,Q491 R;A159F.T41 1 A,A443Y,H468A,Q491 E;A159F,T41 1 A ,A443Y,H468K,Q491 K;A159F,T411A,A443Y,H468K,Q491 R;A159F,T411A,A443Y,H468K,Q4 91 E;A159F.T411 A,A443Y,H468G,Q491 K;A159F.T411 A,A443Y,H468G,Q491 R;A159F.T411 A,A443Y,H468G,Q491 E;A159F.T411 A,A443Y,H468S,Q491 K;A159F.T411 A,A443Y,H468S,
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I E,A443Y,H468R,Q491 K;A159S.T411 E,A443Y,H468R,Q491 R;A159S.T41 1 E,A443Y,H468R ,Q491 E;A159S.T411 E,A443Y,H468A,Q491 K;A159S.T411 E,A443Y,H468A,Q491 R;A159S.T4
I I E,A443Y,H468A,Q491 E;A159S.T411 E,A443Y,H468K,Q491 K;A159S.T41 1 E,A443Y,H468
K.Q491 R;A159S.T411 E,A443Y,H468K,Q491 E;A159S.T411 E,A443Y,H468G,Q491 K;A159S, T41 1 E,A443Y,H468G,Q491 R;A159S.T41 1 E,A443Y,H468G,Q491 E;A159S.T411 E,A443Y,H4 68S.Q491 K;A159S.T411 E,A443Y,H468S,Q491 R;A159S.T41 1 E,A443Y,H468S,Q491 E;A159 S.T411 E,A443V,H468R,Q491 K;A159S.T411 E,A443V,H468R,Q491 R;A159S.T411 E.A443V, H468R.Q491 E;A159S.T41 1 E,A443V,H468A,Q491 K;A159S.T411 E,A443V,H468A,Q491 R;A1 59S.T411 E,A443V,H468A,Q491 E;A159S.T411 E,A443V,H468K,Q491 K;A159S.T411 E.A443 V,H468K,Q491 R;A159S.T411 E,A443V,H468K,Q491 E;A159S.T411 E,A443V,H468G,Q491 K; A159S.T411 E,A443V,H468G,Q491 R;A159S.T411 E,A443V,H468G,Q491 E;A159S.T411 E,A4 43V,H468S,Q491 K;A159S.T411 E,A443V,H468S,Q491 R;A159S.T411 E,A443V,H468S,Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A443I,H468R,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443I,H468R,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A4 43I.H468R.Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A443I,H468A,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443I,H468A,Q491 R; A159S.T411 K,A443I,H468A,Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A443I,H468K,Q491 K;A159S.T41 1 K.A443 l,H468K,Q491 R;A159S.T41 1 K,A443I,H468K,Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A443I,H468G,Q491 K;A1 59S.T411 K,A443I,H468G,Q491 R;A159S.T41 1 K,A443I,H468G,Q491 E;A159S.T41 1 K.A443I, H468S.Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443I,H468S,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443I,H468S,Q491 E;A15 9S.T41 1 K,A443L,H468R,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443L,H468R,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K.A443L, H468R.Q491 E;A159S.T41 1 K,A443L,H468A,Q491 K;A159S.T41 1 K,A443L,H468A,Q491 R;A1 59S.T411 K,A443L,H468A,Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A443L,H468K,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K.A443L ,H468K,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443L,H468K,Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A443L,H468G,Q491 K;A1 59S.T411 K,A443L,H468G,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443L,H468G,Q491 E;A159S.T411 K.A443
L,H468S,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443L,H468S,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443L,H468S,Q491 E;A 159S.T411 K,A443F,H468R,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443F,H468R,Q491 R;A159S.T41 1 K,A44 3F,H468R,Q491 E;A159S.T41 1 K,A443F,H468A,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443F,H468A,Q491 R; A159S.T411 K,A443F,H468A,Q491 E;A159S.T41 1 K,A443F,H468K,Q491 K;A159S.T41 1 K,A44 3F,H468K,Q491 R;A159S.T41 1 K,A443F,H468K,Q491 E;A159S.T41 1 K,A443F,H468G,Q491 K ;A159S.T411 K,A443F,H468G,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443F,H468G,Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A4 43F,H468S,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443F,H468S,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443F,H468S,Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A443M,H468R,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443M,H468R,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K, A443M,H468R,Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A443M,H468A,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443M,H468A,Q 491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443M,H468A,Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A443M,H468K,Q491 K;A159S.T41 1 K,A443M,H468K,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443M,H468K,Q491 E;A159S.T41 1 K,A443M,H468 G.Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443M,H468G,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443M,H468G,Q491 E;A159S ,T411 K,A443M,H468S,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443M,H468S,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443M,H 468S.Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A443Y,H468R,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443Y,H468R,Q491 R;A15
9S.T41 1 K,A443Y,H468R,Q491 E;A159S.T41 1 K,A443Y,H468A,Q491 K;A159S.T41 1 K.A443Y, H468A.Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443Y,H468A,Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A443Y,H468K,Q491 K;A1 59S.T411 K,A443Y,H468K,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443Y,H468K,Q491 E;A159S.T411 K.A443 Y,H468G,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443Y,H468G,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443Y,H468G,Q491 E; A159S.T411 K,A443Y,H468S,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443Y,H468S,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A4 43Y,H468S,Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A443V,H468R,Q491 K;A159S.T41 1 K,A443V,H468R,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443V,H468R,Q491 E;A159S.T41 1 K,A443V,H468A,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K, A443V,H468A,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443V,H468A,Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A443V,H468K,Q4 91 K;A159S.T411 K,A443V,H468K,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443V,H468K,Q491 E;A159S.T41 1 K,A443V,H468G,Q491 K;A159S.T411 K,A443V,H468G,Q491 R;A159S.T411 K,A443V,H468G, Q491 E;A159S.T411 K,A443V,H468S,Q491 K;A159S.T41 1 K,A443V,H468S,Q491 R; or
A159S.T411 K,A443V,H468S,Q491 E.
In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant (which comprises an amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491) comprises, at position 92, a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from D. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 92 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 433, 440, and/or 503. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 92 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 433, 440, and/or 503. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 92 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 433, 440, and 503. For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 92, one of the following amino acid residue: A (D92A), R (D92R), N (D92N), C (D92C), E M (D92M), F (D92F), P
r example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 92, one of the following amino acid residues: A (D92A), R (D92R), E (D92E), Q (D92Q), K (D92K), S (D92S), or Y (D92Y). In another example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 92, one of the following amino acid residues: A (D92A), R (D92R), E (D92E), S (D92S), or Y (D92Y). In a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 92, one of the following amino acid residues E (D92E), or Q (D92Q). In yet a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 92, E (D92E). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 92, Q (D92Q). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 92, K (D92K). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 992, Q (D92Q) or K (D92K). Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 92, a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in
some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25-605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5).
In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant (which comprises an amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 41 1 , 443, 468, and/or 491 ) comprises, at position 433, a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from S. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 433 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 92, 440, and/or 503. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 433 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 92, 440, and/or 503. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 433 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 92, 440, and 503. For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 433, one of the following amino acid residue: A (S433A), R (S433R), N (S433N), D (S433D), C (S433C), E (S433E), Q (S433Q), G (S433G), H (S433H), I (S433I), L (S433L), K (S433K), M (S433M), F (S433F), P (S433P), T (S433T), W (S433W), Y (S433Y), or V (S433V). For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 433, one of the following amino acid residues: A (S433A), G (S433G), I (S433I), L (S433L), F (S433F), Y (S433Y), or V (S433V). In another example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 433, one of the following amino acid residues: G (S433G), I (S433I), L (S433L), F (S433F), Y (S433Y), or V (S433V). In a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 433, one of the following amino acid residues A (S433A), or V (S433V). In yet a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 433, A (S433A). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 433, A (S433A). Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 433, a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25- 605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5).
In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant (which comprise an amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491) comprises, at position 440, a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from A. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 440 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 92, 433, and/or 503. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 440 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 92, 433, and/or 503. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 440 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 92, 433, and 503. For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 440, one of the following amino acid residue: R (A440R), N (A440N), D (A440D), C (A440C), E (A440E), Q (A440Q), G (A440G), H (A440H), I (A440I), L (A440L), K (A440K), M (A440M),
F (A440F), P (A440P), S (A440S), T (A440T), W (A440W), Y (A440Y), or V (A440V). For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 440, one of the following amino acid residues: D (A440D), E (A440E), G (A440G), K (A440K), F (A440F), or S (A440S). In another example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 440, one of the following amino acid residues: D (A440D), E (A440E), G (A440G), F (A440F), or S (A440S). In a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 440, one of the following amino acid residues E (A440E), or G (A440G). In yet a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 440, G (A440G). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 440, K (A440K). Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 440, a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25-605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5).
In embodiments in which the glucose oxidase variants include A159L, the glucose oxidase variants do not include one or a combination of the following amino acid substitutions: A114E, Y271 L, and/or P530K. In embodiments in which the glucose oxidase variants include A159L and Q491 R, the glucose oxidase variants do not include one or a combination of the following amino acid substitutions: Q164K, H388T, D462S, and/or Q475N. In further embodiments in which the glucose oxidase variants include D92K, A159L, T411 S, S433G, A440G, A443F, H468A, Q491 R, and Q503A, the glucose oxidase variants do not include one or a combination of the following amino acid substitutions: Q164K, K224D, P238Q, H242R, H388T, D462S, K463A, Q475N, and/or D514P.
In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant (which comprises an amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 ) comprises, at position 503, a naturally occurring amino acid residue that is different from Q. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 503 can include, in some embodiments, at least one further substitution at any one of positions 92, 433, and/or 440. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 503 can include, in some embodiments, at least two further substitutions at any one of positions 92, 433, and/or 440. The glucose oxidase variant comprising a substitution at position 503 can include, in some embodiments, substitutions at positions 92, 433, and 440. For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 503, one of the following amino acid residue: A (Q503A), R (Q503R), N (Q503N), D (Q503D), C (Q503C), E (Q503E), G (Q503G), H (Q503H), I (Q503I), L (Q503L), K (Q503K), M (Q503M), F (Q503F), P (Q503P), S (Q503S), T (Q503T), W (Q503W), Y (Q503Y), or V (Q503V). For example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 503, one of the following amino acid residues: A (Q503A), R (Q503R), E (Q503E), K (Q503K), or S (Q503S). In another example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 503, one of the following amino
acid residues: A (Q503A), R (Q503R), E (Q503E), or S (Q503S). In a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 503, one of the following amino acid residues A (Q503A), or K (Q503K). In yet a further example, the glucose oxidase variant can include, at position 503, K (Q503K). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant does not include, at position 503, K (Q503K). Specific embodiments of the glucose oxidase comprising, at position 503, a substitution include, without limitation, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or a variant thereof (including fragments thereof comprising, in some embodiments, the amino acid residues 25-605 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5).
Glucose oxidase variants having amino acid substitutions at positions 92, 433, 440, and/or 503 can be used with the embodiments described herein for glucose oxidase variants having amino acid substitutions at positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491 described herein and include, including the following combinations of substitutions: D92E,S433A,A440G,Q503K;D92E,S433A,A440G,Q503A;D92E,S433A,A440G,Q503R;D92E ,S433A,A440G,Q503S;D92E,S433A,A440G,Q503E;D92E,S433A,A440E,Q503K;D92E,S433 A,A440E,Q503A;D92E,S433A,A440E,Q503R;D92E,S433A,A440E,Q503S;D92E,S433A,A44 0E,Q503E;D92E,S433A,A440D,Q503K;D92E,S433A,A440D,Q503A;D92E,S433A,A440D,Q5 03R;D92E,S433A,A440D,Q503S;D92E,S433A,A440D,Q503E;D92E,S433A,A440S,Q503K;D 92E,S433A,A440S,Q503A;D92E,S433A,A440S,Q503R;D92E,S433A,A440S,Q503S;D92E,S 433A,A440S,Q503E;D92E,S433A,A440F,Q503K;D92E,S433A,A440F,Q503A;D92E,S433A, A440F,Q503R;D92E,S433A,A440F,Q503S;D92E,S433A,A440F,Q503E;D92E,S433A,A440K ,Q503K;D92E,S433A,A440K,Q503A;D92E,S433A,A440K,Q503R;D92E,S433A,A440K,Q503 S;D92E,S433A,A440K,Q503E;D92E,S433V,A440G,Q503K;D92E,S433V,A440G,Q503A;D92 E,S433V,A440G,Q503R;D92E,S433V,A440G,Q503S;D92E,S433V,A440G,Q503E;D92E,S4 33V,A440E,Q503K;D92E,S433V,A440E,Q503A;D92E,S433V,A440E,Q503R;D92E,S433V,A 440E,Q503S;D92E,S433V,A440E,Q503E;D92E,S433V,A440D,Q503K;D92E,S433V,A440D, Q503A;D92E,S433V,A440D,Q503R;D92E,S433V,A440D,Q503S;D92E,S433V,A440D,Q503 E;D92E,S433V,A440S,Q503K;D92E,S433V,A440S,Q503A;D92E,S433V,A440S,Q503R;D92 E,S433V,A440S,Q503S;D92E,S433V,A440S,Q503E;D92E,S433V,A440F,Q503K;D92E,S43 3V,A440F,Q503A;D92E,S433V,A440F,Q503R;D92E,S433V,A440F,Q503S;D92E,S433V,A4 40F,Q503E;D92E,S433V,A440K,Q503K;D92E,S433V,A440K,Q503A;D92E,S433V,A440K,Q 503R;D92E,S433V,A440K,Q503S;D92E,S433V,A440K,Q503E;D92E,S433L,A440G,Q503K; D92E,S433L,A440G,Q503A;D92E,S433L,A440G,Q503R;D92E,S433L,A440G,Q503S;D92E, S433L,A440G,Q503E;D92E,S433L,A440E,Q503K;D92E,S433L,A440E,Q503A;D92E,S433L, A440E,Q503R;D92E,S433L,A440E,Q503S;D92E,S433L,A440E,Q503E;D92E,S433L,A440D ,Q503K;D92E,S433L,A440D,Q503A;D92E,S433L,A440D,Q503R;D92E,S433L,A440D,Q503 S;D92E,S433L,A440D,Q503E;D92E,S433L,A440S,Q503K;D92E,S433L,A440S,Q503A;D92
E,S433L,A440S,Q503R;D92E,S433L,A440S,Q503S;D92E,S433L,A440S,Q503E;D92E,S433
L,A440F,Q503K;D92E,S433L,A440F,Q503A;D92E,S433L,A440F,Q503R;D92E,S433L,A440
F,Q503S;D92E,S433L,A440F,Q503E;D92E,S433L,A440K,Q503K;D92E,S433L,A440K,Q503
A;D92E,S433L,A440K,Q503R;D92E,S433L,A440K,Q503S;D92E,S433L,A440K,Q503E;D92
E,S433G,A440G,Q503K;D92E,S433G,A440G,Q503A;D92E,S433G,A440G,Q503R;D92E,S4
33G,A440G,Q503S;D92E,S433G,A440G,Q503E;D92E,S433G,A440E,Q503K;D92E,S433G,
A440E,Q503A;D92E,S433G,A440E,Q503R;D92E,S433G,A440E,Q503S;D92E,S433G,A440
E,Q503E;D92E,S433G,A440D,Q503K;D92E,S433G,A440D,Q503A;D92E,S433G,A440D,Q5
03R;D92E,S433G,A440D,Q503S;D92E,S433G,A440D,Q503E;D92E,S433G,A440S,Q503K;
D92E,S433G,A440S,Q503A;D92E,S433G,A440S,Q503R;D92E,S433G,A440S,Q503S;D92E
,S433G,A440S,Q503E;D92E,S433G,A440F,Q503K;D92E,S433G,A440F,Q503A;D92E,S433
G,A440F,Q503R;D92E,S433G,A440F,Q503S;D92E,S433G,A440F,Q503E;D92E,S433G,A4
40K,Q503K;D92E,S433G,A440K,Q503A;D92E,S433G,A440K,Q503R;D92E,S433G,A440K,
Q503S;D92E,S433G,A440K,Q503E;D92E,S433F,A440G,Q503K;D92E,S433F,A440G,Q503
A;D92E,S433F,A440G,Q503R;D92E,S433F,A440G,Q503S;D92E,S433F,A440G,Q503E;D92
E,S433F,A440E,Q503K;D92E,S433F,A440E,Q503A;D92E,S433F,A440E,Q503R;D92E,S43
3F,A440E,Q503S;D92E,S433F,A440E,Q503E;D92E,S433F,A440D,Q503K;D92E,S433F,A4
40D,Q503A;D92E,S433F,A440D,Q503R;D92E,S433F,A440D,Q503S;D92E,S433F,A440D,Q
503E;D92E,S433F,A440S,Q503K;D92E,S433F,A440S,Q503A;D92E,S433F,A440S,Q503R;
D92E,S433F,A440S,Q503S;D92E,S433F,A440S,Q503E;D92E,S433F,A440F,Q503K;D92E,
S433F,A440F,Q503A;D92E,S433F,A440F,Q503R;D92E,S433F,A440F,Q503S;D92E,S433F,
A440F,Q503E;D92E,S433F,A440K,Q503K;D92E,S433F,A440K,Q503A;D92E,S433F,A440K
,Q503R;D92E,S433F,A440K,Q503S;D92E,S433F,A440K,Q503E;D92E,S433Y,A440G,Q503
K;D92E,S433Y,A440G,Q503A;D92E,S433Y,A440G,Q503R;D92E,S433Y,A440G,Q503S;D9
2E,S433Y,A440G,Q503E;D92E,S433Y,A440E,Q503K;D92E,S433Y,A440E,Q503A;D92E,S4
33Y,A440E,Q503R;D92E,S433Y,A440E,Q503S;D92E,S433Y,A440E,Q503E;D92E,S433Y,A
440D,Q503K;D92E,S433Y,A440D,Q503A;D92E,S433Y,A440D,Q503R;D92E,S433Y,A440D,
Q503S;D92E,S433Y,A440D,Q503E;D92E,S433Y,A440S,Q503K;D92E,S433Y,A440S,Q503
A;D92E,S433Y,A440S,Q503R;D92E,S433Y,A440S,Q503S;D92E,S433Y,A440S,Q503E;D92
E,S433Y,A440F,Q503K;D92E,S433Y,A440F,Q503A;D92E,S433Y,A440F,Q503R;D92E,S43
3Y,A440F,Q503S;D92E,S433Y,A440F,Q503E;D92E,S433Y,A440K,Q503K;D92E,S433Y,A4
40K,Q503A;D92E,S433Y,A440K,Q503R;D92E,S433Y,A440K,Q503S;D92E,S433Y,A440K,Q
503E;D92E,S433l,A440G,Q503K;D92E,S433l,A440G,Q503A;D92E,S433l,A440G,Q503R;D
92E,S433l,A440G,Q503S;D92E,S433l,A440G,Q503E;D92E,S433l,A440E,Q503K;D92E,S43
3l,A440E,Q503A;D92E,S433l,A440E,Q503R;D92E,S433l,A440E,Q503S;D92E,S433l,A440E
,Q503E;D92E,S433l,A440D,Q503K;D92E,S433l,A440D,Q503A;D92E,S433l,A440D,Q503R;
D92E,S433l,A440D,Q503S;D92E,S433l,A440D,Q503E;D92E,S433l,A440S,Q503K;D92E,S4
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03R;D92Q,S433A,A440G,Q503S;D92Q,S433A,A440G,Q503E;D92Q,S433A,A440E,Q503K;
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3A,A440D,Q503R;D92Q,S433A,A440D,Q503S;D92Q,S433A,A440D,Q503E;D92Q,S433A,A
440S,Q503K;D92Q,S433A,A440S,Q503A;D92Q,S433A,A440S,Q503R;D92Q,S433A,A440S,
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Q503K;D92Q,S433l,A440F,Q503A;D92Q,S433l,A440F,Q503R;D92Q,S433l,A440F,Q503S;
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503K;D92A,S433V,A440E,Q503A;D92A,S433V,A440E,Q503R;D92A,S433V,A440E,Q503S;
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03E;D92K,S433V,A440S,Q503K;D92K,S433V,A440S,Q503A;D92K,S433V,A440S,Q503R;D
92K,S433V,A440S,Q503S;D92K,S433V,A440S,Q503E;D92K,S433V,A440F,Q503K;D92K,S
433V,A440F,Q503A;D92K,S433V,A440F,Q503R;D92K,S433V,A440F,Q503S;D92K,S433V,
A440F,Q503E;D92K,S433V,A440K,Q503K;D92K,S433V,A440K,Q503A;D92K,S433V,A440K
,Q503R;D92K,S433V,A440K,Q503S;D92K,S433V,A440K,Q503E;D92K,S433L,A440G,Q503
K;D92K,S433L,A440G,Q503A;D92K,S433L,A440G,Q503R;D92K,S433L,A440G,Q503S;D92
K,S433L,A440G,Q503E;D92K,S433L,A440E,Q503K;D92K,S433L,A440E,Q503A;D92K,S43
3L,A440E,Q503R;D92K,S433L,A440E,Q503S;D92K,S433L,A440E,Q503E;D92K,S433L,A44
0D,Q503K;D92K,S433L,A440D,Q503A;D92K,S433L,A440D,Q503R;D92K,S433L,A440D,Q5
03S;D92K,S433L,A440D,Q503E;D92K,S433L,A440S,Q503K;D92K,S433L,A440S,Q503A;D
92K,S433L,A440S,Q503R;D92K,S433L,A440S,Q503S;D92K,S433L,A440S,Q503E;D92K,S4
33L,A440F,Q503K;D92K,S433L,A440F,Q503A;D92K,S433L,A440F,Q503R;D92K,S433L,A4
40F,Q503S;D92K,S433L,A440F,Q503E;D92K,S433L,A440K,Q503K;D92K,S433L,A440K,Q5
03A;D92K,S433L,A440K,Q503R;D92K,S433L,A440K,Q503S;D92K,S433L,A440K,Q503E;D
92K,S433G,A440G,Q503K;D92K,S433G,A440G,Q503A;D92K,S433G,A440G,Q503R;D92K,
S433G,A440G,Q503S;D92K,S433G,A440G,Q503E;D92K,S433G,A440E,Q503K;D92K,S433
G,A440E,Q503A;D92K,S433G,A440E,Q503R;D92K,S433G,A440E,Q503S;D92K,S433G,A4
40E,Q503E;D92K,S433G,A440D,Q503K;D92K,S433G,A440D,Q503A;D92K,S433G,A440D,
Q503R;D92K,S433G,A440D,Q503S;D92K,S433G,A440D,Q503E;D92K,S433G,A440S,Q503
K;D92K,S433G,A440S,Q503A;D92K,S433G,A440S,Q503R;D92K,S433G,A440S,Q503S;D9
2K,S433G,A440S,Q503E;D92K,S433G,A440F,Q503K;D92K,S433G,A440F,Q503A;D92K,S4
33G,A440F,Q503R;D92K,S433G,A440F,Q503S;D92K,S433G,A440F,Q503E;D92K,S433G,
A440K,Q503K;D92K,S433G,A440K,Q503A;D92K,S433G,A440K,Q503R;D92K,S433G,A440
K,Q503S;D92K,S433G,A440K,Q503E;D92K,S433F,A440G,Q503K;D92K,S433F,A440G,Q5
03A;D92K,S433F,A440G,Q503R;D92K,S433F,A440G,Q503S;D92K,S433F,A440G,Q503E;D
92K,S433F,A440E,Q503K;D92K,S433F,A440E,Q503A;D92K,S433F,A440E,Q503R;D92K,S
433F,A440E,Q503S;D92K,S433F,A440E,Q503E;D92K,S433F,A440D,Q503K;D92K,S433F,
A440D,Q503A;D92K,S433F,A440D,Q503R;D92K,S433F,A440D,Q503S;D92K,S433F,A440
D,Q503E;D92K,S433F,A440S,Q503K;D92K,S433F,A440S,Q503A;D92K,S433F,A440S,Q50
3R;D92K,S433F,A440S,Q503S;D92K,S433F,A440S,Q503E;D92K,S433F,A440F,Q503K;D9
2K,S433F,A440F,Q503A;D92K,S433F,A440F,Q503R;D92K,S433F,A440F,Q503S;D92K,S43
3F,A440F,Q503E;D92K,S433F,A440K,Q503K;D92K,S433F,A440K,Q503A;D92K,S433F,A44
0K,Q503R;D92K,S433F,A440K,Q503S;D92K,S433F,A440K,Q503E;D92K,S433Y,A440G,Q5
03K;D92K,S433Y,A440G,Q503A;D92K,S433Y,A440G,Q503R;D92K,S433Y,A440G,Q503S;
D92K,S433Y,A440G,Q503E;D92K,S433Y,A440E,Q503K;D92K,S433Y,A440E,Q503A;D92K,
S433Y,A440E,Q503R;D92K,S433Y,A440E,Q503S;D92K,S433Y,A440E,Q503E;D92K,S433
Y,A440D,Q503K;D92K,S433Y,A440D,Q503A;D92K,S433Y,A440D,Q503R;D92K,S433Y,A44
0D,Q503S;D92K,S433Y,A440D,Q503E;D92K,S433Y,A440S,Q503K;D92K,S433Y,A440S,Q5
03A;D92K,S433Y,A440S,Q503R;D92K,S433Y,A440S,Q503S;D92K,S433Y,A440S,Q503E;D
92K,S433Y,A440F,Q503K;D92K,S433Y,A440F,Q503A;D92K,S433Y,A440F,Q503R;D92K,S
433Y,A440F,Q503S;D92K,S433Y,A440F,Q503E;D92K,S433Y,A440K,Q503K;D92K,S433Y,
A440K,Q503A;D92K,S433Y,A440K,Q503R;D92K,S433Y,A440K,Q503S;D92K,S433Y,A440
K,Q503E;D92K,S433l,A440G,Q503K;D92K,S433l,A440G,Q503A;D92K,S433l,A440G,Q503
R;D92K,S433l,A440G,Q503S;D92K,S433l,A440G,Q503E;D92K,S433l,A440E,Q503K;D92K,
S433l,A440E,Q503A;D92K,S433l,A440E,Q503R;D92K,S433l,A440E,Q503S;D92K,S433l,A4
40E,Q503E;D92K,S433l,A440D,Q503K;D92K,S433l,A440D,Q503A;D92K,S433l,A440D,Q50
3R;D92K,S433l,A440D,Q503S;D92K,S433l,A440D,Q503E;D92K,S433l,A440S,Q503K;D92K
,S433l,A440S,Q503A;D92K,S433l,A440S,Q503R;D92K,S433l,A440S,Q503S;D92K,S433l,A
440S,Q503E;D92K,S433l,A440F,Q503K;D92K,S433l,A440F,Q503A;D92K,S433l,A440F,Q5
03R;D92K,S433l,A440F,Q503S;D92K,S433l,A440F,Q503E;D92K,S433l,A440K,Q503K;D92
K,S433l,A440K,Q503A;D92K,S433l,A440K,Q503R;D92K,S433l,A440K,Q503S;D92K,S433l,
A440K,Q503E;D92R,S433A,A440G,Q503K;D92R,S433A,A440G,Q503A;D92R,S433A,A440
G,Q503R;D92R,S433A,A440G,Q503S;D92R,S433A,A440G,Q503E;D92R,S433A,A440E,Q5
03K;D92R,S433A,A440E,Q503A;D92R,S433A,A440E,Q503R;D92R,S433A,A440E,Q503S;D
92R,S433A,A440E,Q503E;D92R,S433A,A440D,Q503K;D92R,S433A,A440D,Q503A;D92R,
S433A,A440D,Q503R;D92R,S433A,A440D,Q503S;D92R,S433A,A440D,Q503E;D92R,S433
A,A440S,Q503K;D92R,S433A,A440S,Q503A;D92R,S433A,A440S,Q503R;D92R,S433A,A44
0S,Q503S;D92R,S433A,A440S,Q503E;D92R,S433A,A440F,Q503K;D92R,S433A,A440F,Q5
03A;D92R,S433A,A440F,Q503R;D92R,S433A,A440F,Q503S;D92R,S433A,A440F,Q503E;D
92R,S433A,A440K,Q503K;D92R,S433A,A440K,Q503A;D92R,S433A,A440K,Q503R;D92R,S
433A,A440K,Q503S;D92R,S433A,A440K,Q503E;D92R,S433V,A440G,Q503K;D92R,S433V,
A440G,Q503A;D92R,S433V,A440G,Q503R;D92R,S433V,A440G,Q503S;D92R,S433V,A440
G,Q503E;D92R,S433V,A440E,Q503K;D92R,S433V,A440E,Q503A;D92R,S433V,A440E,Q5
03R;D92R,S433V,A440E,Q503S;D92R,S433V,A440E,Q503E;D92R,S433V,A440D,Q503K;
D92R,S433V,A440D,Q503A;D92R,S433V,A440D,Q503R;D92R,S433V,A440D,Q503S;D92R
,S433V,A440D,Q503E;D92R,S433V,A440S,Q503K;D92R,S433V,A440S,Q503A;D92R,S433
V,A440S,Q503R;D92R,S433V,A440S,Q503S;D92R,S433V,A440S,Q503E;D92R,S433V,A44
0F,Q503K;D92R,S433V,A440F,Q503A;D92R,S433V,A440F,Q503R;D92R,S433V,A440F,Q5
03S;D92R,S433V,A440F,Q503E;D92R,S433V,A440K,Q503K;D92R,S433V,A440K,Q503A;D
92R,S433V,A440K,Q503R;D92R,S433V,A440K,Q503S;D92R,S433V,A440K,Q503E;D92R,S
433L,A440G,Q503K;D92R,S433L,A440G,Q503A;D92R,S433L,A440G,Q503R;D92R,S433L,
A440G,Q503S;D92R,S433L,A440G,Q503E;D92R,S433L,A440E,Q503K;D92R,S433L,A440
E,Q503A;D92R,S433L,A440E,Q503R;D92R,S433L,A440E,Q503S;D92R,S433L,A440E,Q50
3E;D92R,S433L,A440D,Q503K;D92R,S433L,A440D,Q503A;D92R,S433L,A440D,Q503R;D9
2R,S433L,A440D,Q503S;D92R,S433L,A440D,Q503E;D92R,S433L,A440S,Q503K;D92R,S4
33L,A440S,Q503A;D92R,S433L,A440S,Q503R;D92R,S433L,A440S,Q503S;D92R,S433L,A
440S,Q503E;D92R,S433L,A440F,Q503K;D92R,S433L,A440F,Q503A;D92R,S433L,A440F,
Q503R;D92R,S433L,A440F,Q503S;D92R,S433L,A440F,Q503E;D92R,S433L,A440K,Q503K
;D92R,S433L,A440K,Q503A;D92R,S433L,A440K,Q503R;D92R,S433L,A440K,Q503S;D92R,
S433L,A440K,Q503E;D92R,S433G,A440G,Q503K;D92R,S433G,A440G,Q503A;D92R,S433
G,A440G,Q503R;D92R,S433G,A440G,Q503S;D92R,S433G,A440G,Q503E;D92R,S433G,A
440E,Q503K;D92R,S433G,A440E,Q503A;D92R,S433G,A440E,Q503R;D92R,S433G,A440E
,Q503S;D92R,S433G,A440E,Q503E;D92R,S433G,A440D,Q503K;D92R,S433G,A440D,Q50
3A;D92R,S433G,A440D,Q503R;D92R,S433G,A440D,Q503S;D92R,S433G,A440D,Q503E;D
92R,S433G,A440S,Q503K;D92R,S433G,A440S,Q503A;D92R,S433G,A440S,Q503R;D92R,
S433G,A440S,Q503S;D92R,S433G,A440S,Q503E;D92R,S433G,A440F,Q503K;D92R,S433
G,A440F,Q503A;D92R,S433G,A440F,Q503R;D92R,S433G,A440F,Q503S;D92R,S433G,A4
40F,Q503E;D92R,S433G,A440K,Q503K;D92R,S433G,A440K,Q503A;D92R,S433G,A440K,
Q503R;D92R,S433G,A440K,Q503S;D92R,S433G,A440K,Q503E;D92R,S433F,A440G,Q503
K;D92R,S433F,A440G,Q503A;D92R,S433F,A440G,Q503R;D92R,S433F,A440G,Q503S;D9
2R,S433F,A440G,Q503E;D92R,S433F,A440E,Q503K;D92R,S433F,A440E,Q503A;D92R,S4
33F,A440E,Q503R;D92R,S433F,A440E,Q503S;D92R,S433F,A440E,Q503E;D92R,S433F,A
440D,Q503K;D92R,S433F,A440D,Q503A;D92R,S433F,A440D,Q503R;D92R,S433F,A440D,
Q503S;D92R,S433F,A440D,Q503E;D92R,S433F,A440S,Q503K;D92R,S433F,A440S,Q503
A;D92R,S433F,A440S,Q503R;D92R,S433F,A440S,Q503S;D92R,S433F,A440S,Q503E;D92
R,S433F,A440F,Q503K;D92R,S433F,A440F,Q503A;D92R,S433F,A440F,Q503R;D92R,S43
3F,A440F,Q503S;D92R,S433F,A440F,Q503E;D92R,S433F,A440K,Q503K;D92R,S433F,A4
40K,Q503A;D92R,S433F,A440K,Q503R;D92R,S433F,A440K,Q503S;D92R,S433F,A440K,Q
503E;D92R,S433Y,A440G,Q503K;D92R,S433Y,A440G,Q503A;D92R,S433Y,A440G,Q503R
;D92R,S433Y,A440G,Q503S;D92R,S433Y,A440G,Q503E;D92R,S433Y,A440E,Q503K;D92
R,S433Y,A440E,Q503A;D92R,S433Y,A440E,Q503R;D92R,S433Y,A440E,Q503S;D92R,S43
3Y,A440E,Q503E;D92R,S433Y,A440D,Q503K;D92R,S433Y,A440D,Q503A;D92R,S433Y,A4
40D,Q503R;D92R,S433Y,A440D,Q503S;D92R,S433Y,A440D,Q503E;D92R,S433Y,A440S,
Q503K;D92R,S433Y,A440S,Q503A;D92R,S433Y,A440S,Q503R;D92R,S433Y,A440S,Q503
S;D92R,S433Y,A440S,Q503E;D92R,S433Y,A440F,Q503K;D92R,S433Y,A440F,Q503A;D92
R,S433Y,A440F,Q503R;D92R,S433Y,A440F,Q503S;D92R,S433Y,A440F,Q503E;D92R,S43
3Y,A440K,Q503K;D92R,S433Y,A440K,Q503A;D92R,S433Y,A440K,Q503R;D92R,S433Y,A4
40K,Q503S;D92R,S433Y,A440K,Q503E;D92R,S433l,A440G,Q503K;D92R,S433l,A440G,Q5
03A;D92R,S433l,A440G,Q503R;D92R,S433l,A440G,Q503S;D92R,S433l,A440G,Q503E;D9
2R,S433l,A440E,Q503K;D92R,S433l,A440E,Q503A;D92R,S433l,A440E,Q503R;D92R,S433
l,A440E,Q503S;D92R,S433l,A440E,Q503E;D92R,S433l,A440D,Q503K;D92R,S433l,A440D,
Q503A;D92R,S433l,A440D,Q503R;D92R,S433l,A440D,Q503S;D92R,S433l,A440D,Q503E;
D92R,S433l,A440S,Q503K;D92R,S433l,A440S,Q503A;D92R,S433l,A440S,Q503R;D92R,S 433l,A440S,Q503S;D92R,S433l,A440S,Q503E;D92R,S433l,A440F,Q503K;D92R,S433l,A44
0F,Q503A;D92R,S433l,A440F,Q503R;D92R,S433l,A440F,Q503S;D92R,S433l,A440F,Q503
E;D92R,S433l,A440K,Q503K;D92R,S433l,A440K,Q503A;D92R,S433l,A440K,Q503R;D92R,
S433l,A440K,Q503S;D92R,S433l,A440K,Q503E;D92S,S433A,A440G,Q503K;D92S,S433A,
A440G,Q503A;D92S,S433A,A440G,Q503R;D92S,S433A,A440G,Q503S;D92S,S433A,A440
G,Q503E;D92S,S433A,A440E,Q503K;D92S,S433A,A440E,Q503A;D92S,S433A,A440E,Q50
3R;D92S,S433A,A440E,Q503S;D92S,S433A,A440E,Q503E;D92S,S433A,A440D,Q503K;D9
2S,S433A,A440D,Q503A;D92S,S433A,A440D,Q503R;D92S,S433A,A440D,Q503S;D92S,S4
33A,A440D,Q503E;D92S,S433A,A440S,Q503K;D92S,S433A,A440S,Q503A;D92S,S433A,A
440S,Q503R;D92S,S433A,A440S,Q503S;D92S,S433A,A440S,Q503E;D92S,S433A,A440F,
Q503K;D92S,S433A,A440F,Q503A;D92S,S433A,A440F,Q503R;D92S,S433A,A440F,Q503S
;D92S,S433A,A440F,Q503E;D92S,S433A,A440K,Q503K;D92S,S433A,A440K,Q503A;D92S,
S433A,A440K,Q503R;D92S,S433A,A440K,Q503S;D92S,S433A,A440K,Q503E;D92S,S433
V,A440G,Q503K;D92S,S433V,A440G,Q503A;D92S,S433V,A440G,Q503R;D92S,S433V,A4
40G,Q503S;D92S,S433V,A440G,Q503E;D92S,S433V,A440E,Q503K;D92S,S433V,A440E,
Q503A;D92S,S433V,A440E,Q503R;D92S,S433V,A440E,Q503S;D92S,S433V,A440E,Q503
E;D92S,S433V,A440D,Q503K;D92S,S433V,A440D,Q503A;D92S,S433V,A440D,Q503R;D92
S,S433V,A440D,Q503S;D92S,S433V,A440D,Q503E;D92S,S433V,A440S,Q503K;D92S,S43
3V,A440S,Q503A;D92S,S433V,A440S,Q503R;D92S,S433V,A440S,Q503S;D92S,S433V,A4
40S,Q503E;D92S,S433V,A440F,Q503K;D92S,S433V,A440F,Q503A;D92S,S433V,A440F,Q
503R;D92S,S433V,A440F,Q503S;D92S,S433V,A440F,Q503E;D92S,S433V,A440K,Q503K;
D92S,S433V,A440K,Q503A;D92S,S433V,A440K,Q503R;D92S,S433V,A440K,Q503S;D92S,
S433V,A440K,Q503E;D92S,S433L,A440G,Q503K;D92S,S433L,A440G,Q503A;D92S,S433L
,A440G,Q503R;D92S,S433L,A440G,Q503S;D92S,S433L,A440G,Q503E;D92S,S433L,A440
E,Q503K;D92S,S433L,A440E,Q503A;D92S,S433L,A440E,Q503R;D92S,S433L,A440E,Q50
3S;D92S,S433L,A440E,Q503E;D92S,S433L,A440D,Q503K;D92S,S433L,A440D,Q503A;D9
2S,S433L,A440D,Q503R;D92S,S433L,A440D,Q503S;D92S,S433L,A440D,Q503E;D92S,S4
33L,A440S,Q503K;D92S,S433L,A440S,Q503A;D92S,S433L,A440S,Q503R;D92S,S433L,A4
40S,Q503S;D92S,S433L,A440S,Q503E;D92S,S433L,A440F,Q503K;D92S,S433L,A440F,Q5
03A;D92S,S433L,A440F,Q503R;D92S,S433L,A440F,Q503S;D92S,S433L,A440F,Q503E;D9
2S,S433L,A440K,Q503K;D92S,S433L,A440K,Q503A;D92S,S433L,A440K,Q503R;D92S,S43
3L,A440K,Q503S;D92S,S433L,A440K,Q503E;D92S,S433G,A440G,Q503K;D92S,S433G,A4
40G,Q503A;D92S,S433G,A440G,Q503R;D92S,S433G,A440G,Q503S;D92S,S433G,A440G,
Q503E;D92S,S433G,A440E,Q503K;D92S,S433G,A440E,Q503A;D92S,S433G,A440E,Q503
R;D92S,S433G,A440E,Q503S;D92S,S433G,A440E,Q503E;D92S,S433G,A440D,Q503K;D9
2S,S433G,A440D,Q503A;D92S,S433G,A440D,Q503R;D92S,S433G,A440D,Q503S;D92S,S 433G,A440D,Q503E;D92S,S433G,A440S,Q503K;D92S,S433G,A440S,Q503A;D92S,S433G ,A440S,Q503R;D92S,S433G,A440S,Q503S;D92S,S433G,A440S,Q503E;D92S,S433G,A440
F,Q503K;D92S,S433G,A440F,Q503A;D92S,S433G,A440F,Q503R;D92S,S433G,A440F,Q50
3S;D92S,S433G,A440F,Q503E;D92S,S433G,A440K,Q503K;D92S,S433G,A440K,Q503A;D
92S,S433G,A440K,Q503R;D92S,S433G,A440K,Q503S;D92S,S433G,A440K,Q503E;D92S,
S433F,A440G,Q503K;D92S,S433F,A440G,Q503A;D92S,S433F,A440G,Q503R;D92S,S433
F,A440G,Q503S;D92S,S433F,A440G,Q503E;D92S,S433F,A440E,Q503K;D92S,S433F,A44
OE,Q503A;D92S,S433F,A440E,Q503R;D92S,S433F,A440E,Q503S;D92S,S433F,A440E,Q5
03E;D92S,S433F,A440D,Q503K;D92S,S433F,A440D,Q503A;D92S,S433F,A440D,Q503R;D
92S,S433F,A440D,Q503S;D92S,S433F,A440D,Q503E;D92S,S433F,A440S,Q503K;D92S,S
433F,A440S,Q503A;D92S,S433F,A440S,Q503R;D92S,S433F,A440S,Q503S;D92S,S433F,
A440S,Q503E;D92S,S433F,A440F,Q503K;D92S,S433F,A440F,Q503A;D92S,S433F,A440F,
Q503R;D92S,S433F,A440F,Q503S;D92S,S433F,A440F,Q503E;D92S,S433F,A440K,Q503K ;D92S,S433F,A440K,Q503A;D92S,S433F,A440K,Q503R;D92S,S433F,A440K,Q503S;D92S, S433F,A440K,Q503E;D92S,S433Y,A440G,Q503K;D92S,S433Y,A440G,Q503A;D92S,S433
Y,A440G,Q503R;D92S,S433Y,A440G,Q503S;D92S,S433Y,A440G,Q503E;D92S,S433Y,A4 40E,Q503K;D92S,S433Y,A440E,Q503A;D92S,S433Y,A440E,Q503R;D92S,S433Y,A440E,Q 503S;D92S,S433Y,A440E,Q503E;D92S,S433Y,A440D,Q503K;D92S,S433Y,A440D,Q503A;
D92S,S433Y,A440D,Q503R;D92S,S433Y,A440D,Q503S;D92S,S433Y,A440D,Q503E;D92S, S433Y,A440S,Q503K;D92S,S433Y,A440S,Q503A;D92S,S433Y,A440S,Q503R;D92S,S433 Y,A440S,Q503S;D92S,S433Y,A440S,Q503E;D92S,S433Y,A440F,Q503K;D92S,S433Y,A44
OF,Q503A;D92S,S433Y,A440F,Q503R;D92S,S433Y,A440F,Q503S;D92S,S433Y,A440F,Q5
03E;D92S,S433Y,A440K,Q503K;D92S,S433Y,A440K,Q503A;D92S,S433Y,A440K,Q503R;D
92S,S433Y,A440K,Q503S;D92S,S433Y,A440K,Q503E;D92S,S433l,A440G,Q503K;D92S,S4
33l,A440G,Q503A;D92S,S433l,A440G,Q503R;D92S,S433l,A440G,Q503S;D92S,S433l,A44
OG,Q503E;D92S,S433l,A440E,Q503K;D92S,S433l,A440E,Q503A;D92S,S433l,A440E,Q503
R;D92S,S433l,A440E,Q503S;D92S,S433l,A440E,Q503E;D92S,S433l,A440D,Q503K;D92S,
S433l,A440D,Q503A;D92S,S433l,A440D,Q503R;D92S,S433l,A440D,Q503S;D92S,S433l,A
440D,Q503E;D92S,S433l,A440S,Q503K;D92S,S433l,A440S,Q503A;D92S,S433l,A440S,Q5
03R;D92S,S433l,A440S,Q503S;D92S,S433l,A440S,Q503E;D92S,S433l,A440F,Q503K;D92
S,S433l,A440F,Q503A;D92S,S433l,A440F,Q503R;D92S,S433l,A440F,Q503S;D92S,S433l,
A440F,Q503E;D92S,S433l,A440K,Q503K;D92S,S433l,A440K,Q503A;D92S,S433l,A440K,Q
503R;D92S,S433l,A440K,Q503S;D92S,S433l,A440K,Q503E;D92Y,S433A,A440G,Q503K;D 92Y,S433A,A440G,Q503A;D92Y,S433A,A440G,Q503R;D92Y,S433A,A440G,Q503S;D92Y, S433A,A440G,Q503E;D92Y,S433A,A440E,Q503K;D92Y,S433A,A440E,Q503A;D92Y,S433
A,A440E,Q503R;D92Y,S433A,A440E,Q503S;D92Y,S433A,A440E,Q503E;D92Y,S433A,A44
0D,Q503K;D92Y,S433A,A440D,Q503A;D92Y,S433A,A440D,Q503R;D92Y,S433A,A440D,Q 503S;D92Y,S433A,A440D,Q503E;D92Y,S433A,A440S,Q503K;D92Y,S433A,A440S,Q503A;
D92Y,S433A,A440S,Q503R;D92Y,S433A,A440S,Q503S;D92Y,S433A,A440S,Q503E;D92Y,
S433A,A440F,Q503K;D92Y,S433A,A440F,Q503A;D92Y,S433A,A440F,Q503R;D92Y,S433A
,A440F,Q503S;D92Y,S433A,A440F,Q503E;D92Y,S433A,A440K,Q503K;D92Y,S433A,A440
K,Q503A;D92Y,S433A,A440K,Q503R;D92Y,S433A,A440K,Q503S;D92Y,S433A,A440K,Q50
3E;D92Y,S433V,A440G,Q503K;D92Y,S433V,A440G,Q503A;D92Y,S433V,A440G,Q503R;D
92Y,S433V,A440G,Q503S;D92Y,S433V,A440G,Q503E;D92Y,S433V,A440E,Q503K;D92Y,S
433V,A440E,Q503A;D92Y,S433V,A440E,Q503R;D92Y,S433V,A440E,Q503S;D92Y,S433V,
A440E,Q503E;D92Y,S433V,A440D,Q503K;D92Y,S433V,A440D,Q503A;D92Y,S433V,A440
D,Q503R;D92Y,S433V,A440D,Q503S;D92Y,S433V,A440D,Q503E;D92Y,S433V,A440S,Q5
03K;D92Y,S433V,A440S,Q503A;D92Y,S433V,A440S,Q503R;D92Y,S433V,A440S,Q503S;D
92Y,S433V,A440S,Q503E;D92Y,S433V,A440F,Q503K;D92Y,S433V,A440F,Q503A;D92Y,S
433V,A440F,Q503R;D92Y,S433V,A440F,Q503S;D92Y,S433V,A440F,Q503E;D92Y,S433V,
A440K,Q503K;D92Y,S433V,A440K,Q503A;D92Y,S433V,A440K,Q503R;D92Y,S433V,A440
K,Q503S;D92Y,S433V,A440K,Q503E;D92Y,S433L,A440G,Q503K;D92Y,S433L,A440G,Q50
3A;D92Y,S433L,A440G,Q503R;D92Y,S433L,A440G,Q503S;D92Y,S433L,A440G,Q503E;D9
2Y,S433L,A440E,Q503K;D92Y,S433L,A440E,Q503A;D92Y,S433L,A440E,Q503R;D92Y,S43
3L,A440E,Q503S;D92Y,S433L,A440E,Q503E;D92Y,S433L,A440D,Q503K;D92Y,S433L,A44
0D,Q503A;D92Y,S433L,A440D,Q503R;D92Y,S433L,A440D,Q503S;D92Y,S433L,A440D,Q5
03E;D92Y,S433L,A440S,Q503K;D92Y,S433L,A440S,Q503A;D92Y,S433L,A440S,Q503R;D
92Y,S433L,A440S,Q503S;D92Y,S433L,A440S,Q503E;D92Y,S433L,A440F,Q503K;D92Y,S4
33L,A440F,Q503A;D92Y,S433L,A440F,Q503R;D92Y,S433L,A440F,Q503S;D92Y,S433L,A4
40F,Q503E;D92Y,S433L,A440K,Q503K;D92Y,S433L,A440K,Q503A;D92Y,S433L,A440K,Q5
03R;D92Y,S433L,A440K,Q503S;D92Y,S433L,A440K,Q503E;D92Y,S433G,A440G,Q503K;D
92Y,S433G,A440G,Q503A;D92Y,S433G,A440G,Q503R;D92Y,S433G,A440G,Q503S;D92Y,
S433G,A440G,Q503E;D92Y,S433G,A440E,Q503K;D92Y,S433G,A440E,Q503A;D92Y,S433
G,A440E,Q503R;D92Y,S433G,A440E,Q503S;D92Y,S433G,A440E,Q503E;D92Y,S433G,A4
40D,Q503K;D92Y,S433G,A440D,Q503A;D92Y,S433G,A440D,Q503R;D92Y,S433G,A440D,
Q503S;D92Y,S433G,A440D,Q503E;D92Y,S433G,A440S,Q503K;D92Y,S433G,A440S,Q503
A;D92Y,S433G,A440S,Q503R;D92Y,S433G,A440S,Q503S;D92Y,S433G,A440S,Q503E;D9 2Y,S433G,A440F,Q503K;D92Y,S433G,A440F,Q503A;D92Y,S433G,A440F,Q503R;D92Y,S4 33G,A440F,Q503S;D92Y,S433G,A440F,Q503E;D92Y,S433G,A440K,Q503K;D92Y,S433G,
A440K,Q503A;D92Y,S433G,A440K,Q503R;D92Y,S433G,A440K,Q503S;D92Y,S433G,A440
K,Q503E;D92Y,S433F,A440G,Q503K;D92Y,S433F,A440G,Q503A;D92Y,S433F,A440G,Q50
3R;D92Y,S433F,A440G,Q503S;D92Y,S433F,A440G,Q503E;D92Y,S433F,A440E,Q503K;D9
2Y,S433F,A440E,Q503A;D92Y,S433F,A440E,Q503R;D92Y,S433F,A440E,Q503S;D92Y,S4 33F,A440E,Q503E;D92Y,S433F,A440D,Q503K;D92Y,S433F,A440D,Q503A;D92Y,S433F,A 440D,Q503R;D92Y,S433F,A440D,Q503S;D92Y,S433F,A440D,Q503E;D92Y,S433F,A440S, Q503K;D92Y,S433F,A440S,Q503A;D92Y,S433F,A440S,Q503R;D92Y,S433F,A440S,Q503S ;D92Y,S433F,A440S,Q503E;D92Y,S433F,A440F,Q503K;D92Y,S433F,A440F,Q503A;D92Y, S433F,A440F,Q503R;D92Y,S433F,A440F,Q503S;D92Y,S433F,A440F,Q503E;D92Y,S433F, A440K,Q503K;D92Y,S433F,A440K,Q503A;D92Y,S433F,A440K,Q503R;D92Y,S433F,A440K ,Q503S;D92Y,S433F,A440K,Q503E;D92Y,S433Y,A440G,Q503K;D92Y,S433Y,A440G,Q503 A;D92Y,S433Y,A440G,Q503R;D92Y,S433Y,A440G,Q503S;D92Y,S433Y,A440G,Q503E;D9 2Y,S433Y,A440E,Q503K;D92Y,S433Y,A440E,Q503A;D92Y,S433Y,A440E,Q503R;D92Y,S4 33Y,A440E,Q503S;D92Y,S433Y,A440E,Q503E;D92Y,S433Y,A440D,Q503K;D92Y,S433Y,A 440D,Q503A;D92Y,S433Y,A440D,Q503R;D92Y,S433Y,A440D,Q503S;D92Y,S433Y,A440D, Q503E;D92Y,S433Y,A440S,Q503K;D92Y,S433Y,A440S,Q503A;D92Y,S433Y,A440S,Q503 R;D92Y,S433Y,A440S,Q503S;D92Y,S433Y,A440S,Q503E;D92Y,S433Y,A440F,Q503K;D92 Y,S433Y,A440F,Q503A;D92Y,S433Y,A440F,Q503R;D92Y,S433Y,A440F,Q503S;D92Y,S43 3Y,A440F,Q503E;D92Y,S433Y,A440K,Q503K;D92Y,S433Y,A440K,Q503A;D92Y,S433Y,A4
40K,Q503R;D92Y,S433Y,A440K,Q503S;D92Y,S433Y,A440K,Q503E;D92Y,S433l,A440G,Q 503K;D92Y,S433l,A440G,Q503A;D92Y,S433l,A440G,Q503R;D92Y,S433l,A440G,Q503S;D 92Y,S433l,A440G,Q503E;D92Y,S433l,A440E,Q503K;D92Y,S433l,A440E,Q503A;D92Y,S43 3l,A440E,Q503R;D92Y,S433l,A440E,Q503S;D92Y,S433l,A440E,Q503E;D92Y,S433l,A440 D,Q503K;D92Y,S433l,A440D,Q503A;D92Y,S433l,A440D,Q503R;D92Y,S433l,A440D,Q503 S;D92Y,S433l,A440D,Q503E;D92Y,S433l,A440S,Q503K;D92Y,S433l,A440S,Q503A;D92Y, S433l,A440S,Q503R;D92Y,S433l,A440S,Q503S;D92Y,S433l,A440S,Q503E;D92Y,S433l,A4 40F,Q503K;D92Y,S433l,A440F,Q503A;D92Y,S433l,A440F,Q503R;D92Y,S433l,A440F,Q50 3S;D92Y,S433l,A440F,Q503E;D92Y,S433l,A440K,Q503K;D92Y,S433l,A440K,Q503A;D92Y ,S433l,A440K,Q503R;D92Y,S433l,A440K,Q503S; or D92Y,S433l,A440K,Q503E.
The glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure include conserved amino acid residues which are involved, amongst other things, in substrate binding and catalytic activity which should preferably not be substituted. Conserved amino acid residues involved in substrate binding include, but are not limited to Y90, T132, N536, R534, H538, and H581 (all in reference to the numbering of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1). As such glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure include Y90, T132, N536, R534, H538, and H581 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1). Conserved amino acid residues involved in catalytic activity include, but are not limited to E434, H538, and H581 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1). As such glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure include E434, H538, and H581 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1). It was also reported that some amino acid residues (Y90,
F346, and W448; numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1), when mutated to A, lead to an almost complete reduction of the glucose oxidation rate. As such, in some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure do no include A at positions 90, 346, and 448 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1). In some embodiments, the glucose variants of the present disclosure include the following amino acid residues: Y90, F346, and W448 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1).
It is also known that some residues of the wildtype glucose oxidase are or can be glycosylated and can play a role in thermostability of the enzyme. Putatively N-linked glycosylated amino acid residues include, but are not limited to, N65, N111 , N183, N190, N377, N410, and N495 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1). As such, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can include, in some embodiments, N65, N111 , N183, N190, N377, N410, and/or N495 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1). In other embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can include, in some embodiments, at positions 65, 111 , 183, 190, 377, 410, or 495 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1) an amino acid residue different than N, but which allows the N-glycosylation of the enzyme. Putatively O-linked glycosylated amino acid residues include, but are not limited to, S185, T192, and T411 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1). As such, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can include, in some embodiments S185, T192, and/or T411 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1). In other embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can include, in some embodiments, at positions 185, 192 or 41 1 (numbering with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1), an amino acid residue different than S or T, but which allows the O-glycosylation of the enzyme.
Glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can include one or any combinations of the following additional conserved residues: D43, G48, G50, G53, A57, R59, L60, V68, E72, G74, G119, G123, G124, N129, R135, D142, W144, G149, W153, E166, G188, G191 , G219, D225, G233, R247, R261 , N263, L264, A286, G288, V289, A303, E306, V307, G312, P317, L320, S323, G324, G326, L331 , I336, P343, V344, G345, N347, L348, D350, P452, R455, G456, D482, P512, T542, M545, V553, V554, D555, V560, G562, L566, R567, V568, D570, S572, P575, and/or I597. Alternatively, or in combination, glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can include one or any combinations of the following additional conserved residue: T52, S73, L87, H100, S1 18, T126, P136, A140, S162, G227, Q351 , T454, D46, A470, Y472, M546, A558, L591 , and/or S594.
Systems for producing the glucose oxidase variants
The present disclosure provides recombinant microbial host cells for the expression one or more of the glucose oxidase variants described herein. The recombinant microbial host cell is obtained from a microbial cell which can be a bacterium, a yeast, or a fungus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell is obtained from a microbial cell which is a bacterium. In some embodiments, the bacterium is a Gram-positive bacterium. In other embodiments, the bacterium is a Gram-negative bacterium. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Actinoplanes sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Actinoplanes missouriensis. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aeribacillus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aeribacillus pallidus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Anoxybacillus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Bacillus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Bacillus acidopullulyticus. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Bacillus licheniformis. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Bacillus pumilus. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Bacillus subtilis. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Chryseobacterium sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Chryseobacterium proteolyticum. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Escherichia sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Escherichia coll. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Geobacillus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Geobacillus stearothermophilus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Lactobacillus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Lactobacillus fermentum. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Lactococcus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Lactococcus lactis. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Macrococcus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Macrococcus caseolyticus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Microbacterium sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Microbacterium arborescens. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Micrococcus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. In an
embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Priestia sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Priestia flexa. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Streptomyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Streptomyces mobaraensis. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Streptomyces murinus. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Streptomyces olivaceus. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Streptomyces olivochromogenes. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Streptomyces rubiginosus. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Streptomyces violaceoruber. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Pseudomonas sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Pseudomonas fluorescens. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Weizmannia sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Weizmannia coagulans.
In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell is obtained from a microbial cell which is a yeast. In some embodiments, the yeast is a budding yeast. In other embodiments, the yeast is methylotrophic (e.g., yeast able to utilize methanol as the sole carbon and energy source). Embodiments of methylotrophic yeasts include, but are not limited to Komagataella sp. and Ogataea sp. In some embodiments, the yeast is an oleaginous yeast (e.g., a yeast capable of accumulating more than 20% of its dry cell weight as lipids or triglycerides).
In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Blastobotrys sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Blastobotrys adeninivorans (basonym Trichosporon adeninivorans). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Candida sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Candida albicans. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Cyberlindnera sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Cyberlindnera jadinii (basonym Saccharomyces jadinii). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from the Debaryomyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Debaryomyces hansenii. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Debaryomyces hansenii. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Hanseniaspora sp. (also known as Kloeckera sp.). In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Hanseniaspora guilliermondii. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from the Kazachstania sp. In another
embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Kazachstania bulderi (basonym Saccharomyces bulderi). In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Kazachstania barnettii (basonym Saccharomyces barnettii). In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Kazachstania exigua (basonym Saccharomyces exiguus). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Kluyveromyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Kluyveromyces lactis (basonym Torulaspora lactis). In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Kluyveromyces marxianus also known as Kluyveromyces fragilis (basonym Saccharomyces marxianus). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Komagataella sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Komagataella phaffii. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Limtongozyma sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Limtongozyma cylindracea (basonym Candida cylindracea). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Lipomyces sp. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Metschnikowia sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Metschnikowia sinensis. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Metschnikowia fructicola. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Metschnikowia pulcherrima. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Metschnikowia zobellii. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Metschnikowia shanxiensis. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Ogataea sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Ogataea polymorpha (basonym Hansenula polymorpha). In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Ogataea methanolica (basonym Pichia methanolica). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Pichia sp. (also known as Hansenula sp.). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Rasamsonia sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Rasamsonia emersonii. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Saccharomyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In yet another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. diastaticus. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Saccharomyces uvarum. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Saccharomyces boulardii. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Scheffersomyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant
microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Scheffersomyces stipitis (basonym Pichia stipitis). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Schwanniomyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Schwanniomyces polymorphus (basonym Pichia polymorpha). In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Schwanniomyces occidentalis. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Wickerhamomyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Wickerhamomyces anomalus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Yarrowia sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Yarrowia lipolytica.
In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell is obtained from a microbial cell which is a fungus. In some embodiments, the fungus is an ascomycete fungus. In alternative embodiments, the fungus is a basidiomycete fungus. In a further embodiment, the fungus is an oleaginous fungus (e.g., a fungus capable of accumulating more than 20% of its dry cell weight as lipids or triglycerides). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aspergillus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aspergillus acidus. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aspergillus fijiensis. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aspergillus japonicus. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aspergillus luchuensis. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aspergillus melleus. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aspergillus niger. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aspergillus oryzae. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Aspergillus flavus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Blakeslea sp. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Cunninghamella sp. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Cryphonectria sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Cryphonectria parasitica. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Cryptococcus sp. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Disporotrichum sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Disporotrichum dimorphosporum. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Fusarium sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Fusarium venenatum. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Humicola sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Humicola insolens. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from
Mortierella sp. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Mucor sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Mucor circinelloides. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Mycothermus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Mycothermus thermophiloides. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Penicillum sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Penicillium camemberti. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Penicillum chrysogenum. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Penicillium rubens. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Penicillium roquefortii. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Phaffia sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Phaffia rhodozyma. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Phycomyces sp. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Rhizomucor sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Rhizomucor miehei. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Rhizomucor pusillus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Rhizopus sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Rhizopus arrhizus (also know as Rhizopus oryzae). In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Rhizopus delemar. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Rhizopus niveus. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Rhodotorula sp. (also known as Rhodosporidum sp.). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Schizosaccharomyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Talaromyces sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Talaromyces funiculosus (also known as Penicillium funiculosum). In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Trichoderma sp. In another embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Trichoderma reesei. In an embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cell/microbial cell is from Trichosporon sp.
The recombinant microbial host cells of the present disclosure include a heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding at least one glucose oxidase variant. In some embodiments, the recombinant microbial host cells of the present disclosure include a plurality of heterologous nucleic acid molecules each encoding the same glucose oxidase variant. For example, the recombinant microbial host cell can include at least one copy of a heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO: 5 (or a variant/fragment thereof). In this example, the recombinant microbial host cell can include one or more copies of the heterologous nucleic acid molecules having the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or a degenerate nucleic acid sequence encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 (or a variant/fragment thereof). In another example, the recombinant microbial host cell can include at least one copy of a heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 (or a variant/fragment thereof). In this other example, the recombinant microbial host cell can include one or more copies of the heterologous nucleic acid molecules having the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 or a degenerate nucleic acid sequence encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 (or a variant/fragment thereof). In some embodiments, the recombinant microbial host cells of the present disclosure include a plurality of heterologous nucleic acid molecules each encoding a different glucose oxidase variant. In still a further embodiment, the recombinant microbial host cells of the present disclosure include at least two heterologous nucleic acid molecules each encoding a different glucose oxidase variant. In yet another example, the recombinant yeast host cell of the present disclosure can include at least one copy of a first heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 (or a variant/fragment thereof) and at least one copy of a second heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 (or a variant/fragment thereof). In this further example, the recombinant microbial host cell can include one or more copies of the heterologous nucleic acid molecules having the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or a degenerate nucleic acid sequence encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 (or a variant/fragment thereof) and one or more copies of the heterologous nucleic acid molecules having the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 or a degenerate nucleic acid sequence encoding the glucose oxidase variant having the amino acid sequence having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 (or a variant/fragment thereof).
As used herein, the term “heterologous” when used in reference to a nucleic acid molecule (such as a promoter, a terminator, or a coding sequence) or a polypeptide refers to a nucleic acid molecule or a polypeptide that is not natively found in the recombinant microbial host cell. “Heterologous” also includes a native coding region/promoter/terminator, or portion thereof, that was introduced into the source organism in a form and/or at a location that is different from the corresponding native gene, e.g., not in its natural location in the organism's genome. The one or more heterologous nucleic acid molecule(s) is/are purposively introduced into the recombinant microbial host cell. For example, a heterologous nucleic acid element could be derived from a different strain of host cell, or from an organism of a different taxonomic group
(e.g., different domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, or species, or any subgroup within one of these classifications).
The one or more heterologous nucleic acid molecule(s) encoding glucose oxidase variants are introduced in the recombinant microbial host cell to allow them to express the enzymes. The expression of the heterologous or control polypeptide can be constitutive or induced. The expression of the glucose oxidase variants from the one or more heterologous nucleic acid molecule(s) can occur during the growth phase and/or the stationary phase of the recombinant microbial host cell.
In some embodiments, the one or more nucleic acid molecules encoding the glucose oxidase variants that are introduced into the recombinant microbial host cells are codon-optimized with respect to the intended recipient recombinant microbial host cell. As used herein the term “codon-optimized coding region” means a nucleic acid coding region that has been adapted for expression in the cells of a given organism by replacing at least one, or more than one, codons with one or more codons that are more frequently used in the genes of that organism. In general, highly expressed genes in an organism are biased towards codons that are recognized by the most abundant tRNA species in that organism. One measure of this bias is the “codon adaptation index” or “CAI,” which measures the extent to which the codons used to encode each amino acid in a particular gene are those which occur most frequently in a reference set of highly expressed genes from an organism. The CAI of codon optimized heterologous nucleic acid molecule described herein corresponds to between about 0.8 and 1 .0, between about 0.8 and 0.9, or about 1 .0.
The heterologous nucleic acid molecules of the present disclosure comprise a coding region for a glucose oxidase variant. A DNA or RNA “coding region” is a DNA or RNA molecule which is transcribed and/or translated into a polypeptide in a cell in vitro or in vivo when placed under the control of appropriate regulatory sequences. “Suitable regulatory regions” refer to nucleic acid regions located upstream (5' non-coding sequences), within, or downstream (3' noncoding sequences) of a coding region, and which influence the transcription, RNA processing or stability, or translation of the associated coding region. Regulatory regions may include promoters, translation leader sequences, RNA processing site, effector binding site and stemloop structure. The boundaries of the coding region are determined by a start codon at the 5' (amino) terminus and a translation stop codon at the 3' (carboxyl) terminus. A coding region can include, but is not limited to, prokaryotic regions, cDNA from mRNA, genomic DNA molecules, synthetic DNA molecules, or RNA molecules. If the coding region is intended for expression in a eukaryotic cell, a polyadenylation signal and transcription termination sequence will usually be located 3' to the coding region. In an embodiment, the coding region can be referred to as an open reading frame. “Open reading frame" is abbreviated ORF and means a length of nucleic acid, either DNA, cDNA, or RNA, that comprises a translation start
signal or initiation codon, such as an ATG or AUG, and a termination codon and can be potentially translated into a polypeptide sequence.
The heterologous nucleic acid molecules described herein can comprise transcriptional and/or translational control regions. “Transcriptional and translational control regions” are DNA regulatory regions, such as promoters, enhancers, terminators, and the like, that provide for the expression of a coding region in a host cell. In eukaryotic cells, polyadenylation signals are control regions.
The heterologous nucleic acid molecule can be introduced in the recombinant microbial host cell using a vector. A “vector,” e.g., a “plasmid”, “cosmid” or “artificial chromosome” (such as, for example, a yeast artificial chromosome) refers to an extra chromosomal element and is usually in the form of a circular double-stranded DNA molecule. Such vectors may be autonomously replicating sequences, genome integrating sequences, phage or nucleotide sequences, linear, circular, or supercoiled, of a single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA, derived from any source, in which a number of nucleotide sequences have been joined or recombined into a unique construction.
In the heterologous nucleic acid molecule described herein, the promoter and the nucleic acid molecule coding for the glucose oxidase variant are operatively linked to one another. In the context of the present disclosure, the expressions “operatively linked” or “operatively associated” refers to fact that the promoter is physically associated to the nucleic acid molecule coding for the polypeptide in a manner that allows, under certain conditions, for expression of the polypeptide from the nucleic acid molecule. In an embodiment, the promoter can be located upstream (5’) of the nucleic acid sequence coding for the heterologous polypeptide. In the context of the present disclosure, one or more than one promoter can be included in the nucleic acid molecule. When more than one promoter is included in the nucleic acid molecule, each of the promoters is operatively linked to the nucleic acid sequence coding for the polypeptide. The promoters can be located, in view of the nucleic acid molecule coding for the polypeptide, upstream, downstream as well as both upstream and downstream.
“Promoter” refers to a DNA fragment capable of controlling the expression of a coding sequence or functional RNA. The term “expression,” as used herein, refers to the transcription and stable accumulation of sense (mRNA) from the heterologous nucleic acid molecule described herein. Expression may also refer to translation of mRNA into a polypeptide. Promoters may be derived in their entirety from a native gene, or be composed of different elements derived from different promoters found in nature, or even comprise synthetic DNA segments. It is understood by those skilled in the art that different promoters may direct the expression at different stages of development, or in response to different environmental or physiological conditions. Promoters which cause a gene to be expressed in most cells at most times at a substantial similar level are commonly referred to as “constitutive promoters.” It is
further recognized that since in most cases the exact boundaries of regulatory sequences have not been completely defined, DNA fragments of different lengths may have identical promoter activity. A promoter is generally bounded at its 3' terminus by the transcription initiation site and extends upstream (5' direction) to include the minimum number of bases or elements necessary to initiate transcription at levels detectable above background. Within the promoter will be found a transcription initiation site (conveniently defined for example, by mapping with nuclease S1), as well as polypeptide binding domains (consensus sequences) responsible for the binding of the polymerase.
The promoter can be heterologous to the nucleic acid molecule encoding the heterologous polypeptide. The promoter can be heterologous or derived from a strain being from the same genus or species as the recombinant microbial host cell. In an embodiment, the promoter is derived from the same genus, or species than the recombinant microbial host cell and the polypeptide is derived from different genera from the recombinant microbial host cell. One or more promoters can be used to allow the expression of the polypeptides in the recombinant yeast host cell.
The heterologous nucleic acid molecule can include, in some embodiments, one or more terminators to end the translation of the glucose oxidase variant. In some embodiments, the one or more terminators used are terminators derived from genes found in yeasts (such as for example Saccharomyces or Komagataella). In some embodiments, the terminator comprises the terminator derived from is from the dit1 gene (ditit, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the idp1 gene (idplt, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the gpm1 gene (gpmlt, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the pma1 gene (pamlt, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the tdh3 gene (tdh3t, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the hxt2 gene (a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the adh3 gene (adh3t, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the ira2 gene (ira2t, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the rpl3 gene (rpl3t, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the bna4 gene (bna4t, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the pgk1 gene (pgklt, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the fur4 gene (fur4t, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the mig2 gene (mig2t, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the icy2 gene (icy2t, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the gic1 gene (gidt, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the aox1 gene (aoxlt, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the gap1 gene (gaplt, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the gapdh gene (gapdht, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the dhas gene (dhast, a functional variant thereof or a
functional fragment thereof), from the fdh gene (fdht, a functional variantthereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the fid gene (fldt, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the act gene (actt, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the arg4 gene (arg4t, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the icl1 gene (icllt, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the prm9 gene (prm9t, a functional variantthereof or a functional fragment thereof), from the vps13 gene (vps13t, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof), and/or from the Iac4 gene (Iac4t, a functional variant thereof or a functional fragment thereof).
In some embodiments, the promoter or the combination of promoters present in the heterologous nucleic acid is capable of allowing the expression of the glucose oxidase variant during the growth phase of the recombinant microbial host cell. In some embodiments, the promoter also allows the expression of the polypeptide during the stationary phase of the recombinant microbial host cell.
The promoters that can be included in the heterologous nucleic acid molecule can be constitutive or inducible promoters. In some embodiments, the promoter is derived from a promoter that is present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Inducible promoters include, but are not limited to glucose-regulated promoters (e.g., the promoter of the hxt7 gene (referred to as hxt7p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the ctt1 gene (referred to as ctt1 p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the glo1 gene (referred to as glol p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the ygp1 gene (referred to as ygp1 p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the gsy2 gene (referred to as gsy2p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), the promoter of the gpm1 gene (referred to as gpml p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the pgk1 gene (referred to as pgkl p)), molasses-regulated promoters (e.g., the promoter of the moll gene (referred to as mol1 p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), heat shock-regulated promoters (e.g., the promoter of the glo1 gene (referred to as glol p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the sti1 gene (referred to as stil p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the ygp1 gene (referred to as ygpl p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the gsy2 gene (referred to as gsy2p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), oxidative stress response promoters (e.g., the promoter of the cup1 gene (referred to as cup1 p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the ctt1 gene (referred to as cttl p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the trx2 gene (referred to as trx2p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the gpd1 gene (referred to as gpdl p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the hsp12 gene (referred to as hsp12p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the hsp150
gene (referred to as hsp150p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the ssc1 gene (referred to as ssd p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), osmotic stress response promoters (e.g., the promoter of the ctt1 gene (referred to as cttl p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the glo1 gene (referred to as glol p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the gpd1 gene (referred to as gpdl p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the ygp1 gene (referred to as ygp1 p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the hor7 gene (referred to as hor7p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof; the promoter of the stl1 gene (referred to as stH p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), nitrogen-regulated promoters (e.g., the promoter of the ygp1 gene (referred to as ygpl p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), anaerobic- regulated promoters (e.g., the promoter from the aox1 gene (referred to as aox1 p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the tir1 gene (referred to as tirl p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the pau5 gene (referred to as pau5p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof the promoter of the dan1 gene (referred to as dan1 p), the promoter of the tdh1 gene (referred to as tdh 1 p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the spi1 gene (referred to as spil p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the hxk1 gene (referred to as hxkl p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the anb1 gene (referred to as anb1 p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the hxt6 gene (referred to as hxt6p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the trx1 gene (referred to as trxl p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the aac3 gene (referred to as aac3p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the hor7 gene (referred to as hor7p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the adh1 gene (referred to as adhl p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the tdh2 gene (referred to as tdh2p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the tdh3 gene (referred to as tdh3p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the gdp1 gene (referred to as gpdl p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the cdc19 gene (referred to as cdc19p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the eno2 gene (referred to as eno2p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the pdc1 gene (referred to as pdd p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the hxt3 gene (referred to as hxt3p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, or the promoter of the tpi1 gene (referred to tpil p)), ethanol-regulated promoters (including ethanol responsive promoters), redox- regulated promoters (e.g., including, but not limited to the promoter of the gpd2 gene (referred as gpd2p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), sulfite-regulated promoters
(e.g., including, but not limited to the promoter of the fzf1 gene (referred to as the fzfl p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the ssu1 gene (referred to as ssul p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, and the promoter of the ssu1- r gene (referred to as the ssu1-rp), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), and stress-response promoters (e.g., including, but not limited to the promoter of the yap1 gene (referred to as yap1 p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, the promoter of the ssa3 gene (referred to as ssa3p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof, and the promoter of the hsp104 gene (referred to as hsp104p), a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof). Constitutive promoters include, but are not limited to the promoter of the tef2 gene (referred to as tef2p), the promoter of the cwp2 gene (referred to as cwp2p), the promoter of the ssa1 gene (referred to as ssal p), the promoter of the enol gene (referred to as enol p), the promoter of the hxk1 gene (referred to as hxkl p), the promoter of the pgk1 gene (referred to as pgk1 p), the promoter of the adh1 gene (referred to as adh1 p), the promoter of the rev1 gene (referred to as revl p), the promoter of the cyc1 gene (referred to as cyd p), and the promoter of the ste5 gene (referred to as ste5p) as well as functional variants or a functional fragments thereof.
In some embodiments, the promoter can be obtained or derived from a native promoter present in Komagataella phaffii. Inducible promoters include, but are not limited to glucose-regulated promoters, fructose-regulated promoters, glycerol-regulated promoters, heat shock-regulated promoters, oxidative stress response promoters, osmotic stress response promoters, nitrogen- regulated promoters, and ethanol-regulated promoters. In an embodiment, ethanol-regulated promoters include, without limitation, the promoter from the adh2 gene, which is also known as the adh3 gene (referred to as adh2p). Constitutive promoters include, without limitation, the promoter from the spi1 gene (referred to as spil p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the gap1 gene (referred to as gapl p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the hgt1 gene (referred to as hgtl p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the glc3 gene (referred to as glc3p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the acb2 gene (referred to as acb2p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the pex8 gene (referred to as pex8p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the urc1 gene (referred to as urc1 p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the tpo3 gene (referred to as top3p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the bio2 gene (referred to as bio2p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the gut1 gene (referred to as gutl p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the cat1 gene (referred to as catl p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the icl1 gene (referred to as icll p). In an embodiment, the parental promoter is a promoter from the gcw14 gene (referred to as gcw14p).
In some embodiments, the promoter can be obtained or derived from a native promoter present in Ogataea polymorpha. In an embodiment, the promoter is a promoter from the sori gene (referred to as sori p), the O. polymorpha methanol oxidase mox1 gene (referred to as mox1 p), the O. polymorpha promoter from the gap1 gene (referred to as OpGAPI p), the O. polymorpha promoter from the gapdh gene (referred to as OpGAPDHp), the O. polymorpha promoter from the gcw14 gene (referred to as OpGCW14p), the O. Polymorpha promoter from the adh1 gene (referred to as OpADHI p), the O. polymorpha promoter from the Icl1 gene (referred to as OpICLI p), or the O. polymorpha promoter from the tef1 gene (referred to as OpTEFI p).
In specific embodiments, the heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the glucose oxidase variant comprises at least one of the adh2 and/or spi1 variant promoters described in US regular patent application 18/740,964 filed on June 12, 2023 and herewith incorporated by reference. In yet another specific embodiment, the heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the glucose oxidase variant comprises the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 , a variant thereof or a fragment thereof.
Promoters that can be included in the heterologous nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure include, without limitation, the promoter of the tdh1 gene (referred to as tdhl p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the hor7 gene (referred to as hor7p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the hsp150 gene (referred to as hsp150p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the hxt7 gene (referred to as hxt7p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the gpm1 gene (referred to as gpml p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the pgk1 gene (referred to as pgkl p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the stl1 gene (referred to as stH p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the tef2 gene (referred to as tef2p, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), of the tdh3 gene (referred to as tdh3p, a functional variant or fragment thereof), of the fba1 gene (referred to as fbal p, a functional variant or fragment thereof), of the eno2 gene (referred to as eno2p, a functional variant or fragment thereof), and/or of the hyp2 gene (referred to as hyp2p, a functional variant or fragment thereof). In some specific embodiments, the heterologous nucleic acid comprises a constitutive promoter, such as, for example, from the tef2 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, or a functional variant/fragment thereof. In some specific embodiments, the heterologous nucleic acid comprises a promoter from the tdh3 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, or a functional variant/fragment thereof. In some specific embodiments, the heterologous nucleic acid comprises a promoter from the fba1 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, or a functional variant/fragment thereof. In some specific embodiments, the heterologous nucleic acid comprises promoters from the tdh3 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
13, or a functional variant/fragment thereof and from the fba1 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, or a functional variant/fragment thereof. In some specific embodiments, the heterologous nucleic acid comprises a promoter from the eno2 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a functional variant/fragment thereof. In some specific embodiments, the heterologous nucleic acid comprises a promoter from the hyp2 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, or a functional variant/fragment thereof. In some specific embodiments, the heterologous nucleic acid comprises promoters from the eno2 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a functional variant/fragment thereof, and from the hyp2 gene comprising the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, or a functional variant/fragment thereof.
In the context of the present disclosure, the expression “functional fragment of a promoter” refers to a shorter nucleic acid sequence than the native promoter which retains the ability to control the expression of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the glucose oxidase variant. Usually, functional fragments are either 5’ and/or 3’ truncation of one or more nucleic acid residue from the native promoter nucleic acid sequence. In the context of the present disclosure, the expression “functional variant of a promoter” refers to a nucleic acid sequence which differs in at least one position and still retains the ability to control the expression of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the glucose oxidase variant.
In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleic acid molecules include one or a combination of terminator sequence(s) to end the transcription of the glucose oxidase variant. The terminator can be native or heterologous to the nucleic acid sequence encoding the heterologous polypeptide. In some embodiments, one or more terminators can be used. In some embodiments, the terminator comprises the terminator derived from is from the dit1 gene (ditit, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the idp1 gene (idplt, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the gpm1 gene (gpmlt, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the pma1 gene (pamlt, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the tdh3 gene (tdh3t, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the hxt2 gene (a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), from the adh3 gene (adh3t, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof), and/or from the ira2 gene (ira2t, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof). In an embodiment, the terminator comprises or is derived from the dit1 gene (ditit, a functional variant or a functional fragment thereof). In another embodiment, the terminator comprises or is derived adh3t and/or idplt.
In the context of the present disclosure, the expression “functional variant of a terminator” refers to a nucleic acid sequence that has been substituted in at least one nucleic acid position when compared to the native terminator which retain the ability to end the expression of the nucleic acid sequence coding for the glucose oxidase variant. In the context of the present
disclosure, the expression “functional fragment of a terminator” refers to a shorter nucleic acid sequence than the native terminator which retain the ability to end the expression of the nucleic acid sequence coding for glucose oxidase variant.
The glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can also be obtained in cell-free systems using the heterologous nucleic acid molecule described herein.
Methods for making the compositions comprising the glucose oxidase variants
The present disclosure provides methods for making the glucose oxidase variants as well as compositions comprising the same. In some embodiments, a cell-free system is used to express the glucose oxidase variants encoded by one or more heterologous nucleic acid molecule(s). In other embodiments, the methods comprises using one or more recombinant microbial host cells to express the glucose oxidase. In such processes, recombinant microbial host cells comprising the one or more heterologous nucleic acid molecule(s) encoding (directly or indirectly) the glucose oxidase variants can be cultured or propagated to allow the expression and the accumulation of the glucose oxidase variants. The growth phase as well as the stationary phase can be conducted in a culture medium allowing the cell growth and division of the recombinant microbial host cells under conditions (agitation, temperature, oxygen concentration, etc.) to favor the expression and accumulation, and optionally the secretion, of the glucose oxidase variants. In some embodiments, during or after the growth phase, the recombinant microbial cells can be placed in the presence of an inducer which will allow the expression of the glucose oxidase variants.
During the growth phase, the recombinant microbial host cell is placed in contact with a source of metabolizable carbon sources. When the recombinant microbial host cell is Komagataella phaffii or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the source of metabolizable carbon is a C1-C6 carbon source. In some embodiments, the source of metabolizable carbon can include a C2 carbon the source, including, without limitation, ethanol. Alternatively, or in combination, the source of metabolizable carbon can include, without limitation glucose, sucrose, fructose, glycerol, or a combination thereof. In a specific embodiment, during the growth phase, the recombinant microbial host cell is contacted with glucose as the sole source of metabolizable carbohydrate. In another specific embodiment, during the growth phase, the recombinant microbial host cell is contacted with glycerol as the sole source of metabolizable carbohydrate. In still another embodiment, during the growth phase, the recombinant microbial host cell is contacted with fructose as the sole source of metabolizable carbohydrate. In still another embodiment, during the growth phase, the recombinant microbial host cell is contacted with sucrose as the sole source of metabolizable carbohydrate. In some embodiments, the growth phase is performed as a continuous fermentation. In alternative embodiments, the growth phase is performed as a batch fermentation. In yet further embodiments, the growth phase is performed as a fed
batch fermentation. The expression step can be performed, at least in part, in aerobic conditions.
In some embodiments, the method can further include a step of purifying (at least in part) the glucose oxidase variants from the recombinant microbial host cell. The purifying step refers to a step of physically dissociating, at least in part, the expressed glucose oxidase variants from the components of the recombinant microbial host cell having expressed same. The expression “substantially purified form” refers to the fact that the expressed glucose oxidase variants have been physically dissociated from some (and in some embodiments from the majority) of the components of the recombinant microbial host cells having expressed the polypeptides. In an embodiment, a composition comprising the expressed glucose oxidase variants in substantially purified form is at least 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%. 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% pure. In some embodiments, the composition comprising the expressed glucose oxidase variants lacks a detectable amount of deoxyribonucleic acids from the recombinant microbial host cell used to express it. The purification step can include, without limitation, a filtrating step, a centrifugating step, a dialysing step, a precipitation step, an affinity capture step, a chromatographic step, etc.
In embodiments in which the glucose oxidase variant is intended to be expressed intracellularly, the method can include a cell-permeabilizing and/or cell-lysing step (after the expression step). The person skilled in the art will recognize that are many ways of permeabilizing and/or lysing recombinant microbial host cells. For example, the cells can be homogenized (for example using a bead-milling technique, a bead-beating, or a high-pressure homogenization technique) and, as such, the method can include a homogenizing step. In another example, the cells can be enzymatically treated, and as such, the method can include an enzyme treatment step. In still another embodiment of the methods of the present disclosure, the recombinant microbial host cells can be treated in basic or acidic conditions, and as such, the method can include a pH treatment step. In yet other embodiments of the methods of the present disclosure, the recombinant microbial host cells can be submitted to osmotic pressure and, as such, the method can include a salt treatment step. In still yet further embodiments of the methods of the present disclosure, the recombinant microbial host cells can be submitted to a heat pressure and, as such, the method can include a cold treatment or a heat treatment step.
In some embodiments, the propagated recombinant microbial host cells can be lysed using autolysis (which can optionally be performed in the presence of additional exogenous enzymes). For example, the propagated recombinant yeast host cells may be subject to a combined heat and pH treatment for a specific amount of time (e.g., 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 h or more) in order to cause the autolysis of the propagated recombinant yeast host cells to provide the lysed recombinant yeast host cells. For example, the propagated recombinant yeast host
cells can be submitted to a temperature of between about 40°C to about 70°C or between about 50°C to about 60°C. The propagated recombinant yeast host cells can be submitted to a temperature of at least about 40°C, 41 °C, 42°C, 43°C, 44°C, 45°C, 46°C, 47°C, 48°C, 49°C, 50°C, 51 °C, 52°C, 53°C, 54°C, 55°C, 56°C, 57°C, 58°C, 59°C, 60°C, 61 °C, 62°C, 63°C, 64°C, 65°C, 66°C, 67°C, 68°C, 69°C or 70°C. Alternatively or in combination the propagated recombinant yeast host cells can be submitted to a temperature of no more than about 70°C, 69°C, 68°C, 67°C, 66°C, 65°C, 64°C, 63°C, 62°C, 61 °C, 60°C, 59°C, 58°C, 57°C, 56°C, 55°C, 54°C, 53°C, 52°C, 51 °C, 50°C, 49°C, 48°C, 47°C, 46°C, 45°C, 44°C, 43°C, 42°C, 41 °C or 40°C. In another example, the propagated recombinant yeast host cells can be submitted to a pH between about 3.5 and 8.5, between about 5.0 and 7.5, or between about 5.0 and 6.0. The propagated recombinant yeast host cells can be submitted to a pH of at least about, 3.5, 3.6,
3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1 , 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1 , 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7,
5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1 , 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1 , 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8,
7.9, 8.0, 8.1 , 8.2, 8.3, 8.4 or 8.5. Alternatively or in combination, the propagated recombinant yeast host cells can be submitted to a pH of no more than 8.5, 8.4, 8.3, 8.2, 8.1 , 8.0, 7.9, 7.8,
7.7, 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, 7.3, 7.2, 7.1 , 7.0, 6.9, 6.8, 6.7, 6.6, 6.5, 6.4, 6.3, 6.2, 6.1 , 6.0, 5.9, 5.8, 5.7,
5.6, 5.5, 5.4, 5.3., 5.2, 5.1 , 5.0, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, 4.6, 4.5, 4.4, 4.3, 4.2, 4.1 , 3.9, 3.8, 3.7, 3.6 or 3.5. If necessary, the lysed recombinant yeast host cell can be submitted to a centrifugation and/or a filtration step to purify, at least in part, the glucose oxidase variants.
The methods can also include a drying step (before, after, or both before and afterthe purifying step). The drying step can include, for example, roller-drying, electrospray-drying, freeze- drying, spray-drying, lyophilization, and/or fluid-bed drying. The method can also include a washing step (before, after, or both before and after the purifying step). In embodiments in which the drying step includes spray-drying, a carrier which is inert to the glucose oxidase variant can be used. Such carriers include, without limitations, salts such as NaCI. As such, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising one or more of the glucose oxidase variants described herein and a salt (such as NaCI).
The glucose oxidase variant can be designed, for example, to be secreted, and in such embodiments, it may include a signal sequence (which is intended to be cleaved upon the secretion of the glucose oxidase variant). In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant can be designed to be secreted in a free form (not intended to be physically associated with the recombinant microbial host cell) or in a cell-associated form (intended to remain physically associated with the recombinant microbial host cell). In some embodiments of the secreted and cell-associated glucose oxidase variants, the glucose variants can be physically tethered to the external surface of the microbial host cell, and in some embodiment, the polypeptide can include a tethering moiety to locate it to the external surface of the microbial host cell. As it is known in the art, the design of expression of the glucose oxidase variant may require
adjusting the steps and parameters of the methods to be used to make such glucose oxidase variants.
The methods of the present disclosure can be used to provide the glucose oxidase variants in a microbial composition comprising living microbes. In such embodiment, after the growth phase (and optionally the stationary phase), the recombinant microbial host cells can be substantially separated from the medium, optionally washed and/or dried, so as to be formulated in a microbial composition (in which part or all of the medium used has been removed). Embodiments of microbial compositions made from a recombinant yeast host cells (referred to as a yeast composition), include but are not limited to, a yeast cream, a stabilized liquid yeast, an active dry yeast or an instant dry yeast.
The methods can also be used to make a microbial product (e.g., a composition derived from a recombinant microbial host cell having expressed the glucose oxidase variant). In such embodiments, after growth, the microbes can be substantially separated from the medium, optionally washed, lysed, submitted to a soluble/insoluble separation and/or dried, so as to be formulated in a microbial product. Embodiments of microbial products made from a recombinant yeast host cells (referred to as a yeast product), include but are not limited to, a yeast autolysate, yeast cell walls, or a yeast extract. The microbial products of the present disclosure can include, besides the glucose oxidase variants and at least one component of a recombinant microbial host cell. The “at least one component of a recombinant microbial host cell” can be an intracellular component and/or a component associated with the microbial host cell’s wall or membrane. The “at least one component of a recombinant microbial host cell” can include a protein, a peptide or an amino acid, a carbohydrate and/or a lipid. The “at least one component of a recombinant microbial host cell” can include a recombinant microbial host cell’s organelle.
In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be in a semipurified or a substantially purified form. As used in the context of the present disclosure, the expression “semi-purified form” refers to the fact that the glucose oxidase variants have been physically dissociated, at least in part, from the components of the recombinant microbial host cell having expressed the same. The expression “substantially purified form” refers to the fact that the heterologous mature polypeptides have been physically dissociated from the majority of the components of the recombinant microbial host cells having expressed same. In an embodiment, a composition comprising the glucose oxidase variants in substantially purified form is at least 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% pure. In some embodiments, the composition comprising the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure lacks a detectable amount of deoxyribonucleic acids from the recombinant microbial host cell used to express it.
In some embodiments, the process of the present disclosure can include admixing the glucose oxidase variant with a further component such as a carrier (salt like NaCI for example) and/or another enzyme. In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase carriers of the present disclosure are not formulated with maltodextrin as a carrier.
In some embodiments, the process of the present disclosure can include admixing the glucose oxidase variant with another enzyme (having the same or a different enzymatic activity). The other enzyme can be, without limiting, an amylase (including, but not limited to, a maltogenic alpha-amylase and/or a fungal amylase), a lipase (such as a phospholipase), another glucose oxidase, an hemicellulase, a glucoamylase, a transglutaminase, a xylanase, a sulfhydryl oxidase, a lipoxygenase, a laccase, a cellulase, a catalase, a tyrosinase, a peroxidase and a protease, etc.
Applications of the glucose oxidase variants
As it is known in the art, glucose oxidase (GOx) catalyses the oxidation of p-D-glucose to D- glucono-6-lactone and hydrogen peroxide. As such, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used in a process to oxidize p-D-glucose, generate glucono-6- lactone and/or generate hydrogen peroxide. The glucose oxidase variants can be placed with a substrate comprising (or suspected of comprising) p-D-glucose under conditions to favor the oxidation of p-D-glucose by the glucose oxidase variant. The reduction in p-D-glucose, as well as the increase in D-glucono-6-lactone and hydrogen peroxide could be used to determine the activity of the variant glucose oxidase. In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used to determine the available/free glucose in various samples, such as, for example, body fluids (blood, interstitial fluid, urine, etc.), food products and agricultural products. In such embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants can be placed in contact with the sample and the presence/amount of at least one of its enzymatic products can be determined as a proxy to the amount of available/free glucose. Alternatively, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used to provide in situ a source of hydrogen peroxide. In such embodiment, the glucose oxidase variants can be placed in a system requiring some oxidation in the presence of glucose to provide hydrogen peroxide. Such system can include, for example, a food product (a dough for baking for example), a feed product, a personal care product (a toothpaste for example), or a cleaning product (for textiles, in a detergent for example). In such embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant can replace, at least in part, known oxidants, such as bromate, potassium iodate and/or L-ascorbic acid. Alternatively, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used to remove oxygen from food packaging and/or or D-glucose from egg white to prevent their browning. Because they are capable of converting glucose to gluconate, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used as a sugar reducer (to eventually regulate Maillard reactions) in various systems (such as food and feed for example) as well as to provide a
gluconate source in some beverage (brewing, kombucha for example). In additional embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants can be used in the production of gluconic acid, and in some specific embodiments, in the conversion of polysaccharides into gluconic acid. The glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used as a food/feed/beverage preservative (alone or with other preservatives). The glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used as an antimicrobial agent (alone or with other microbial agents). The glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used as an anticancer agent (alone or with other anticancer agents). The glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used for making fuel cells.
In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure are used in baking applications. Since glucose oxidases are known for facilitating gluten strengthening and/or dough strengthening, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used to improve the handling of the dough, the retention of gas in the dough or a baked product obtained from the dough, fermentation tolerance of the dough, and/orthe properties of a baked product (resilience and/or softness for example) that has been obtained with a dough supplemented with the glucose oxidase variants. As such, the present disclosure provides a process for improving the properties of a dough (viscoelastic and/or rheological properties) or a product obtained from a dough (softness and/or resilience) comprising adding to the dough or to a component of a dough at least one glucose oxidase variant of the present disclosure. The present disclosure also provides a process for improving the commercial operations using dough. In such embodiments, the glucose oxidase variant can be used as a dough drying agent, a dough strengthened to enhance the cohesiveness of the dough and/or to improve the machinability of the dough. The present disclosure also provides a process of improving the dough structure by improving the dough’s strength or stability (including the gluten network strength or stability) with the glucose oxidase variants described herein. The present disclosure further provides a process of replacing, at least in part, chemical dough strengtheners like ascorbic acid, potassium iodate, and/or bromate. In some embodiments, the process comprises reducing, when compared to a control process in which no glucose oxidase variant is added to the dough, the amount of the chemical dough strengthener added to the dough without substantially compromising the properties of the dough or of the baked product obtained from the dough. In some embodiments, the reduction in the amount of chemical dough strengthener is at least 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95% (in weight percent of the flour) or more, when compared to the amount of the chemical dough strengthener used in a control process in which no glucose oxidase variant is added to a dough. The present disclosure also provides a process of improving the characteristics (improving quality, increasing volume, reduction of chewiness/firmness) of a baked/fried product obtained from a dough through the enzymatic
activity of the glucose oxidase variants described herein. In baking applications, the glucose oxidase variants can be used in combination with one or more additional baking enzymes.
In the processes of the present disclosure, one or more glucose oxidase variant can be added to a dough or part of the dough (optionally with a fermenting yeast and/or a chemically leavening agent). The process can include, in some embodiments, pre-fermenting dough to obtain a preferment. The glucose oxidase variants (which may be provided in the preferment) can be contacted with the dough prior to and/or after the pre-fermenting step. The process can include leavening the dough (using a yeast, a chemical leavening agent, or a combination of both). The glucose oxidase variants can be contacted with the dough prior to and/or after the leavening step. The process can include baking and/or frying the dough. It is understood that, in the context of the present disclosure, the baking/frying step(s) is(are) performed at least in part, in the presence of the glucose oxidase variant in the dough. The process can include freezing the dough or the baked/fried dough product. The glucose oxidase variants can be included prior to or after the freezing step. The process can also include a step of storing the baked/fried product prior to its consumption.
In some embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used in combination with other enzymes such as, for example, lipases, amylases, hemicellulases, glucoamylases, transglutaminases, xylanase, a sulfhydryl oxidase, a lipoxygenase, a laccase, a cellulase, a catalase, a tyrosinase, a peroxidase, or a protease, whenever applicable. In further embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used in combination with chemical dough strengtheners such as ascorbic acid or bromate. Alternatively, the glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be using in baking application in which no chemical dough strengtheners are used (e.g., chemical strengthener- free baking applications).
The glucose oxidase variants can be added to different types of doughs such as, for example, a leavened dough, a sponge dough, a straight dough, an unleavened dough regular dough, a non-laminated dough, a doughnut (donut) dough, an acid dough and/or a pate sucree (sweetened dough). Doughs include, without limitation, bread dough, cake dough, brioche dough, challah dough, crepe dough, focaccia dough, pasta dough, pizza dough, rolled-in dough, a rich dough, a pie dough, a pate brisee, sablee dough, puff pastry dough, phyllo dough, choux pastry dough, croissant dough, kourou dough, and sourdough. The process can be used to generate various baked/fried product, including, but not limited to, a leavened baked product, a sponge baked product, a straight baked product, an unleavened baked product, a non-laminated baked product, a bread, a brioche, challah, a crepe, a focaccia, a pasta, a pizza, rolled-in baked product, a pie, a pate brisee, sablee, a pastry (including a puff pastry), a choux pastry, a croissant, a kourou dough, and a sourdough. The process can be used to generate various fried products, including, but not limited to, doughnuts (donuts).
In an embodiment, the glucose oxidase variant can be added to a dough comprising a sweetening agent, such as, for example, a dough comprising glucose, high-fructose syrup, sucrose, fructose, trehalose, molasses, honey, maple syrup, stevia, or a synthetic sweetener (like sucralose for example). In specific embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants can be added to a dough comprising at least 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30% (in baker’s percentage, e.g., weight/weight of flour) of the sweetening agent. In another embodiment, the glucose oxidase variants can be added to a dough which has not been supplemented with an exogenous source of a sweetening agent. In another embodiment, the glucose oxidase variants can be added to a dough intended to be used in a product having zero net carbohydrate, e.g., having less than 0.5 g of carbohydrate per serving.
In an embodiment, the glucose oxidase variants can be added to an acidified dough. In specific embodiments, the glucose oxidase variants can be added to a dough having a pH equal to or below 5.0, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, 4.6, 4.5, 4.4, 4.3, 4.2, 4.1 or lower.
In an embodiment, the glucose oxidase variants can be added to a dough comprising a lipid (a fat or an oil). In an embodiment, the oil is a vegetable oil, such as, for example a canola oil and/or a soybean oil. In a further embodiment, the glucose oxidase variants can be added to a dough which comprises comprising at least 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 , 12, 13, 14, 15% (in baker’s percentage, e.g., weight/weight of flour) of the lipid. In another embodiment, the glucose oxidase variants can be added to a dough which has not been supplemented with an exogenous source of a lipid.
The glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be used with any starch-containing flour. Starch-containing flours include, but are not limited to, wheat flour (including white wheat flour, whole wheat flour, refined wheat flour, etc.), corn flour, rice flour, sorghum flour, millet flour, as well as combinations thereof.
The glucose oxidase variants of the present disclosure can be added to a batter (e.g., a mixture of a flour with a liquid). The batter can be used to make pancakes, waffles, the coating of fried food, cakes, muffins, crepes, fritters, and/or doughnuts.
The present invention will be more readily understood by referring to the following examples which are given to illustrate the invention rather than to limit its scope.
EXAMPLE
The wild-type and different variant glucose oxidases have been expressed either in Saccharomyces cerevisiae or in Komagataella phaffii (ATCC strain 76273). Table 2 provides a description of the different enzymes that were characterized in this example. Table 3 provides a description of the various strains that were made to express the enzymes.
Table 2. Description of the polypeptides having glucose oxidase activity (E.C. 1.1.3.4) characterized in the present example. The amino acid numbering for the mutations is based on the amino acid sequence of the wild-type (WT) enzyme (SEQ ID NO: 1).
Table 3. Description of the various yeast strains used for expressing the enzymes characterized in the present example. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the Komagataella phaffii strains are haploids.
Glucose oxidase activity. The activity was measured at room temperature (25°C) using the Megazyme™ glucose oxidase kit, in accordance with manufacturer instructions. In some instances, a 10-minute temperature challenge was applied prior to determining enzymatic activity (to generate the residual activity data points). For relative activity, the activity
associated with the WT enzyme is considered to be 100% and all other variants’ activities are reported as percentages of this baseline. For the residual activity data, each residual activity level is reported as a percentage of that variant’s activity at 25°C.
Inactivation temperature. T5o values were obtained by fitting each temperature activity curve to a sum of squares model from Figure 3 (for variants expressed in S. cerevisiae) or from Figure 6 (for variants expressed in K. phaffii).
Melting temperature. The enzymes were purified through centrifugation-based size exclusion and buffer exchange. Purified enzyme fractions were used to determine the enzyme melting temperature through differential scanning fluorimetry using Sypro Orange™ (0.1 mg/mL enzyme and 5x Sypro Orange™ in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH = 5.0).
Temperature activity profiles. The relative glucose oxidase activity of enzyme variants was determined after incubation for ten minutes at 25°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, or 80°C. Data was normalized as follows: for each enzyme, the starting activity measured at 25°C was set to 100% and activities measured at higher temperatures are reported as residual percentages of this baseline. Each data point is the average of four technical replicates.
S. cerevisiae growth conditions. The different S. cerevisiae strains were inoculated from agar plates into medium containing fructose for 20-24 hours, after which the biomass was further propagated in growth medium containing fructose for 32-48 hours. In assays conducted in 96- well plates, a concentration of 40 g/L fructose was used. In assays conducted in bioreactors, approximately 20 mL/hour 40% fructose solution was used.
K. phaffii growth conditions. The different K. phaffii strains were inoculated from agar plates into growth medium containing fructose or glycerol for 20-24 hours, after which the biomass was further propagated in growth medium containing ethanol for 48 hours. In assays conducted in 96-well plates, a concentration of 20 g/L of ethanol was used. In assays conducted in bioreactors, approximately 6 mL/hour of ethanol was used.
Enzyme purification and formulation. Supernatant fractions from bioreactors were sterile filtered. For enzyme purification (priorto biophysical assessment), the filtered enzyme samples were purified using ion exchange chromatography, followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purified enzymes were formulated in 50 mM sodium acetate, pH = 5.0. For spray drying, filtered reactor supernatant fractions were formulated in a 3:1 ratio with sodium chloride as the carrier and spray dried using an inlet temperature of 150°C and an outlet temperature of 70°C.
Bake tests. The dough was obtained by mixing flour, water, dextrose, compressed yeast, canola oil, salt, Fermaid Super Relax™ product (Lallemand Inc.), Essential PBR-2000™ (Lallemand Inc), SSL, and various levels of wild type and glucose oxidase variants. The dough was bulk proofed for 15 minutes at room temperature, divided into 400-gram dough pieces and rounded. After 7 minutes rest time the dough pieces were moulded into a cylindrical shape
using a Bloemhof moulder and put into baking pans. The dough was proofed in a Nu-Vu proof box set at 44°C and 88% relative humidity to a constant height of 100 mm (proof time 60 minutes) and baked in a National Mfg oven for 17 minutes at 227°C. Proof height, loaf volume, oven height, and oven spring were recorded, and breads were packaged in plastic bags stored at room temperature. Baking application studies were accomplished generating a comparative analysis of baking performances of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wt GOx and the variant GOx v24 (both spray-dried).
Stability testing. The activity of two commercial GOx benchmarks, a spray-dried formulation of GOx v24 (expressed in K. phaffii strain M35147), and a spray-dried formulation of GOx WT (expressed in S. cerevisiae) were normalized to about 10 000 GODU/g of samples. The enzyme preparations were incubated at 45°C for 28 days. Samples were collected at the start of the study (0), and after 1 , 2, 3, or 4 weeks of incubation at elevated temperatures. The samples were immediately frozen after collecting and activities were assayed at the same time using the same reagents at similar conditions. Glucose oxidase activity was determined using O-dianiside dihydrocloride and a peroxidase. In the presence of a glucose oxidase, glucose is oxidized to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide is then reduced by water and the activity of the peroxidase which ultimately oxidizes O-dianiside dihydrocloride providing a chromogen which can be detected at 540 nm using a spectrophotometer. In this assay, one glucose oxidase unit (GODU) will oxidize 1.0 pmole of p-D-glucose to D- gluconolactone and H2O2 per minute at pH 5.1 at 35°C.
Several enzyme variants have been produced in S. cerevisiae and their respective enzymatic activity has been characterized. Their activity was measured at room temperature (25°C) and after a ten-minute incubation at 65°C. The aim in this evaluation was to gauge any losses in specific activity or catalytic rate of the variants compared to the wildtype enzyme. As shown on Figure 1 , GOx variants v16, v24, and v29 all maintain substantially similar levels of activity at room temperature compared to the wildtype enzyme (Figure 1 , solid bars). Furthermore, GOx variants v24 and v26 additionally exhibit substantially reduced loss in activity after incubation at elevated temperature (65°C) compared to the wildtype enzyme (Figure 1 , striped bars).
To provide context for the relative room temperature activities, the absolute activity levels measured for each GOx variant at room temperature were determined (Figure 2).
A higher resolution temperature profile assessment of the GOx variant activities was made (Figure 3). The residual activity after incubation for ten minutes at 25°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, or 80°C was reported for each variant as a percentage of that variant’s starting level of activity at 25°C. Figure 3 highlights that the temperature range of activity for variants v24 and v26 was expanded compared to the wildtype (black squares and dotted line).
Specifically, whereas the wildtype enzyme was completely inactivated at 70°C, GOx variants v24 and v26 maintained 75% and 45% residual activity at this temperature (Figure 3), respectively (accounting for an increase in T5o of 8.8°C and 6.3°C, respectively, relative to the wildtype enzyme). The T5o values derived from these inactivation temperature profiles are summarized in Table 4. This degree of thermal stabilization is corroborated by the melting temperature measurements recorded for each enzyme variant, also reported in Table 4. The GOx variant v24 expressed in S. cerevisiae exhibited a melting temperature which is 8.1 °C higher than the wildtype glucose oxidase expressed in this host.
Table 4. Inactivation (Tso) and melting temperatures (Tm) for glucose oxidase variants expressed in S. cerevisiae. ND = not determined.
These general trends of enzyme variant features are broadly similar when the enzymes are expressed in K. phaffii. Figure 4 depicts activities of representative GOx variants at room temperature or 25°C (solid bars), or after a ten-minute incubation at 65°C (striped bars). All representative variants evaluated maintain substantially similar levels of activity at room temperature compared to the wildtype enzyme (Figure 4, solid bars). Furthermore, as the striped bars once again illustrate, GOx variants v24 and v26 additionally exhibit substantially reduced loss in activity after incubation at elevated temperature (65°C) compared to the wildtype (Figure 4, striped bars).
To provide context for the relative room temperature activities, the absolute activity levels measured for each GOx variant at room temperature were determined (Figure 5).
Figure 6 illustrates a higher resolution temperature profile assessment of the GOx variants’ activities. Similarly to the above example of the same engineered variants expressed in S. cerevisiae, Figure 6 highlights that the temperature range of activity for GOx variants v24 and v26 expressed in K. phaffii was expanded compared to wildtype (black squares and dotted line). Specifically, whereas wildtype GOx was completely inactivated at 70°C, GOx variants v24 and v26 maintained 56% and 15% residual activity at this temperature (Figure 6), respectively (accounting for an increase in Tso of 8.8 and 6.0°C, respectively, relative to the wildtype enzyme). The T5o values derived from these inactivation temperatures profiles are summarized in Table 5. This degree of thermal stabilization is corroborated by the melting temperature measurements recorded for each enzyme variant, also reported in Table 5. GOx
variants v24 and v26 expressed in K. phaffii exhibited melting temperatures which are 7.4°C and 4.5°C higher than the wildtype enzyme, respectively.
Table 5. Inactivation (T5o) and melting temperatures (Tm) for glucose oxidase variants expressed in K. phaffii. ND = not determined.
Figure 7 depicts the effect of GOx variants v24 and v26 relative to the wildtype enzyme in bread baking application tests. At equal or substantially similar enzyme activity doses, GOx variants v24 and v26 lead to two-fold larger bread loaf volumes than the unmodified enzyme (10% loaf volume increase over control versus 5-6% volume increase, respectively).
The stability of GOx variant v24 (expressed in K. phaffii) was compared to two commercial benchmark GOx preparations as well as a wildtype GOx (expressed in S. cerevisiae) in an accelerated stability study. As shown in Table 6, the GOx variant v24 was more stable than the other enzyme preparations tested.
Claims
1 . A glucose oxidase variant (i) having at least 90% identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 , and (ii) comprising an amino acid substitution at any one of positions 159, 411 , 443, 468, and/or 491.
2. The glucose oxidase variant of claim 1 comprising the amino acid substitution at position 159.
3. The glucose oxidase variant of claim 2 comprising the amino acid substitution A159F, A159L, A159K, A159R, A159Y, A159T, A159V, or A159S.
4. The glucose oxidase variant of any one of claims 1 to 3 comprising the amino acid substitution at position 411 .
5. The glucose oxidase variant of claim 4 comprising the amino acid substitution T411V, T411S, T411A, T411 Q, T411 E, or T411 K.
6. The glucose oxidase variant of any one of claims 1 to 5 comprising the amino acid substitution at position 443.
7. The glucose oxidase variant of claim 6 comprising the amino acid substitution A443I, A443L, A443F, A443M, A443Y, or A443V.
8. The glucose oxidase variant of any one of claims 1 to 7 comprising the amino acid substitution at position 468.
9. The glucose oxidase variant of claim 8 comprising the amino acid substitution H468R, H468A, H468K, H468G, or H468S.
10. The glucose oxidase variant of any one of claims 1 to 9 comprising the amino acid substitution at position 491.
11 . The glucose oxidase variant of claim 10 comprising the amino acid substitution Q491 K, Q491 R, or Q491 E.
12. The glucose oxidase variant of claim 1 , further comprising one or more additional amino acid substitution at any one of positions 92, 433, 440, and/or 503.
13. The glucose oxidase variant of claim 12 comprising the amino acid substitution at position 92.
14. The glucose oxidase variant of claim 13 comprising the amino acid substitution D92E, D92Q, D92A, D92K, D92R, D92S, or D92Y.
15. The glucose oxidase variant of any one of claims 12 to 14 comprising the amino acid substitution at position 433.
16. The glucose oxidase variant of claim 15 comprising the amino acid substitution S433A, S433V, S433L, S433G, S433F, S433Y, or S433l.
17. The glucose oxidase variant of any one of claims 12 to 16 comprising the amino acid substitution at position 440.
18. The glucose oxidase of claim 17 comprising the amino acid substitution A440G, A440E, A440D, A440S, A440F, or A440K.
19. The glucose oxidase variant of any one of claims 12 to 17 comprising the amino acid substitution at position 503.
20. The glucose oxidase variant of claim 19 comprising the amino acid substitution Q503K, Q503A, Q503R, Q503S, or Q503E.
21. A heterologous nucleic acid molecule comprising an open reading frame encoding the glucose oxidase variant of any one of claims 1 to 20.
22. The heterologous nucleic acid molecule of claim 21 further comprising at least one promoter operably associated with the open reading frame.
23. A vector comprising the heterologous nucleic acid molecule of claim 21 or 22.
24. An expression cassette comprising the heterologous nucleic acid molecule of claim 21 or 22.
25. A recombinant microbial host cell expressing the glucose oxidase variant of any one of claims 1 to 20.
26. The recombinant microbial host cell of claim 25 comprising the heterologous nucleic acid molecule of claim 21 or 22, the vector of claim 23 or the expression cassette of claim 24.
27. The recombinant microbial host cell of claim 25 or 26 being a yeast.
28. The recombinant microbial host cell of claim 27 being from Saccharomyces sp.
29. The recombinant microbial host cell of claim 28 being from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
30. The recombinant microbial host cell of claim 27 being from Komagatealla sp.
31 . The recombinant microbial host cell of claim 30 being from Komagataella phaffii.
32. A method for making the glucose oxidase variant of any one of claims 1 to 20, the process comprises (i) expressing the heterologous nucleic acid molecule of claim 21 or 22, the vector of claim 23 or the expression cassette of claim 24 in the recombinant microbial host cell of any one of claims 25 to 29.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the glucose oxidase variant is an intracellular polypeptide or a secreted polypeptide.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the secreted polypeptide is in a free form or is associated to the surface of the recombinant microbial host cell.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein the polypeptide associated to the surface of the recombinant yeast host cell is a tethered polypeptide.
36. The method of any one of claims 32 to 35, further comprising, after step (i), (ii) substantially separating the glucose oxidase variant from the recombinant microbial host cell.
37. The method of any one of claims 32 to 36, further comprising, after step (i) or (ii), drying the glucose oxidase variant.
38. A composition comprising the glucose oxidase variant of any one of claims 1 to 20, and a carrier.
39. The composition of claim 38, wherein the glucose oxidase variant is obtainable or obtained by the method of any one of claims 32 to 37.
40. The composition of claim 38 or 39 further comprising another enzyme.
41. A process for preparing a dough or a baked product prepared from the dough, the process comprising adding an effective amount of the glucose oxidase variant of any one of claims 1 to 20, optionally in combination with a fermenting yeast, to the dough.
42. The process of claim 41 , further comprising, prior to, during and/or after the addition, leavening the dough.
43. The process of claim 41 or 42, further comprising, after the addition, baking the dough.
44. The process of any one of claims 41 to 43 for increasing the softness and/or the resilience of the baked product.
45. The process of any one of claims 41 to 44 for increasing the strength of the dough.
46. The process of any one of claims 41 to 45 for reducing, at least in part, the amount of a chemical dough strengthener in the dough.
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