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WO2025056325A1 - Procédé de fabrication de pièces coulées et installation de fonderie - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de pièces coulées et installation de fonderie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025056325A1
WO2025056325A1 PCT/EP2024/074032 EP2024074032W WO2025056325A1 WO 2025056325 A1 WO2025056325 A1 WO 2025056325A1 EP 2024074032 W EP2024074032 W EP 2024074032W WO 2025056325 A1 WO2025056325 A1 WO 2025056325A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
melting
crucible
electrode
metal scrap
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2024/074032
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harald Holzgruber
Alexander SCHERIAU
Bertram Ofner
Harald Korbel
Martin Rinnhofer
Uwe Haißl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inteco Melting And Casting Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Inteco Melting And Casting Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inteco Melting And Casting Technologies GmbH filed Critical Inteco Melting And Casting Technologies GmbH
Publication of WO2025056325A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025056325A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/18—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/005—Castings of light metals with high melting point, e.g. Be 1280 degrees C, Ti 1725 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D47/00—Casting plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
    • C22B34/1295—Refining, melting, remelting, working up of titanium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
    • F27D11/08—Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
    • F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
    • F27D2007/066—Vacuum

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing castings by means of self-consumable electrodes and titanium-containing metal scrap in a foundry plant and to a foundry plant which is designed to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • This process which takes place under vacuum, causes the undesirable components of the liquid melt in the castings to either evaporate or dissolve, or those components that have a higher density than the remaining components to sink into the melt bath and adhere and bond in a liquid/pasty manner to the shell formed on the inner wall of the crucible, consisting of already solidified melt, within the crucible in the transient zone, and This prevents the remaining liquefied metal from entering a mold or similar material when pouring, and thus also from entering the cast parts.
  • the metallic shell that solidifies on the inner wall of the crucible is referred to in the art as the "skull.”
  • Such a method is known from US 6,006,821 A.
  • the known method which has the features of the preamble of claim 1, is further characterized in that the metal scrap is fed or provided once from a storage container before the start of the production cycle. In other words, only a single storage container is arranged in the storage space, from which the scrap is removed during a process cycle.
  • the foundry plant known from US 6,006,821 A1 only uses crucibles and thus also storage containers that allow a maximum casting quantity of approximately 50 kg. The plant known from the cited document and the method used therein are therefore not designed to allow larger casting quantities or castings during a production process.
  • the method according to the invention for producing castings from titanium-containing metal scrap and a self-consumable electrode with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that it enables particularly high productivity in batch production of the castings in the foundry plant or the processing of large quantities of titanium-containing metal scrap into one or more castings.
  • the use of several storage containers for the scrap makes it possible to design the plant technology (drive and bearings of the storage containers) relatively simple, cost-effective and with low mass, and nevertheless to process a large mass or quantity of scrap during a production cycle, even for high-mass scrap.
  • Castings can also be processed.
  • Scrap with varying titanium concentrations can also be stored in the storage containers, making it very easy to produce castings with different compositions by selectively selecting or using storage containers for individual castings, with the castings then being produced in different molds.
  • the prior art process usually only allows one large casting with a significantly lower weight of up to 6t.
  • the quantities that can be removed from the melting pot thanks to the multiple storage containers for the metal scrap are typically between 500kg and 2500kg, but in any case less than 5000kg, in order to enable easy handling and the low weight of the storage containers and melting pot.
  • the weight of the castings produced is made up of the weight of the electrode and the weight of the metal scrap, reduced by the mass of the skull remaining in the melting pot. This skull can, if necessary, be processed into an electrode for a subsequent melting process or used.
  • a method according to the invention for producing castings from titanium-containing metal scrap and a self-consumable electrode in a foundry plant with the features of claim 1 therefore provides that an electrode is used, that the metal scrap is stored in a storage room of the foundry plant in several storage containers, that the metal scrap is introduced into the melting pot from the storage containers in partial quantities or portions, and that the quantities removed from the melting pot are each more than 500 kg, preferably between 500 kg and 2500 kg.
  • portions we mean that either the individual storage containers are completely emptied one after the other at a time and/or that a partial quantity of the scrap contained in a storage container is removed successively from the storage container.
  • liquefied metal from the melting crucible is poured into at least one casting mold at least between filling operations with the scrap metal from the storage containers.
  • This allows the use of a melting crucible with a relatively small mass or volume, which reduces its handling in the melting chamber, particularly the requirements for the required drives, for example, for tilting to discharge the liquefied metal into the casting mold.
  • the metal scrap or, if necessary, additives for correcting the composition of the metal components are placed into the trough-like, elongated oval-shaped melting crucible next to the electrode immersed in the cross-section of the melting crucible during the melting process.
  • This has the The advantage is that the electrode does not have to be lifted or removed from the crucible to refill the metal scrap, which simplifies handling and allows for particularly easy refilling of metal scrap or additives.
  • the elongated oval shape of the crucible has the advantage that a homogeneous temperature is introduced into the metal during horizontal relative movement between the electrode and the crucible, since the electrode can also be moved in the lateral (corner) areas of the crucible at a constant distance from the wall of the crucible.
  • a further or additional measure to improve quality involves agitating the molten metal in the crucible using an electromagnetic stirring device. This particularly promotes homogenization of the molten metal and improved dissolution of undesirable, low-density titanium nitrides in the melt.
  • the melting process can also be improved or optimized if, in order to homogenize the energy input via the electrode, the melting crucible is moved horizontally below the self-consumable electrode during the melting process. This leads, particularly in connection with a melting crucible with an elongated oval cross-section, to the electrode gradually overlapping the entire cross-section of the melting pot and thus the metal scrap and the liquid melt contained therein and a homogeneous temperature introduction into the metal takes place.
  • a further, particularly preferred embodiment of the method provides for the vacuum atmosphere to be generated in at least two sub-areas separated from one another by a vacuum lock or similar device, wherein a first sub-area serves to accommodate the storage containers in the storage space and to form the melting chamber, and a second sub-area serves to accommodate the at least one casting mold in a casting chamber.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to the requirement, particularly of the aerospace industry, for castings produced from molten metal scrap to reduce undesirable components from repeatedly melted metal.
  • the invention provides for the castings to be produced using two electrodes: a first electrode, by means of which a first portion of the metal scrap is melted at the start of the process, and a second electrode, which is formed from a casting produced by the first electrode and the molten metal scrap in a melting crucible designed for this purpose, so that the material of the first electrode and the metal scrap is subsequently completely melted again by the second electrode.
  • At least the melting chamber and the casting chamber are separated or subdivided by a vacuum lock or similar device for generating separate vacuum atmospheres.
  • a particularly homogeneous quality of the molten metal and thus also of the castings is achieved when the melting pot interacts with an electromagnetic stirring device for the molten metal.
  • At least one, preferably several, casting molds 26 are arranged in the casting chamber 24, in particular in the form of chill molds, which serve to form the castings 1 from the metal scrap 2 and the self-consumable electrode 5.
  • the volume or size of the crucible 22a, 22b is such that it can produce casting or withdrawal quantities of more than 500 kg, preferably between 500 kg and 2500 kg, but in any case less than 5000 kg.
  • a standing platform 38 Arranged within the casting chamber 24 is a standing platform 38 that is rotatable about a vertically arranged axis 36, onto which the casting molds 26 can be placed or taken from the standing platform 38 by means of a lifting drive of the holding device 31.
  • the standing platform 38 serves to align a casting mold 26, which can be filled with the liquid metal, with the vacuum sealing door 30 and the melting crucible 22a, 22b.
  • the melting chamber 20 has a diagonally divided, box-shaped housing 40 consisting of two housing parts 41, 42. When connected to one another, the two housing parts 41, 42 form a diagonally extending parting plane 44.
  • the lower housing part 41 is arranged in a stationary manner together with the housing 34 of the casting chamber 24.
  • the upper housing part 42 together with the storage chamber 16 attached to the upper housing part 42 and the device 19 for the electrode 5 for making the interior 45 of the housing 40 accessible, is arranged so as to be laterally movable according to the arrow 46.
  • the melting crucible 22a, 22b is arranged on a platform 50 that is horizontally movable in the direction of the double arrow 48 in Fig. 1.
  • the platform 50 is arranged so as to be tiltable about an axis running perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in Fig. 1 in the direction of the rotation arrow 52 for pouring liquid metal from the melting crucible 22a, 22b.
  • the metal is discharged via a pouring funnel 53 aligned with the vacuum sealing door 30 (with the vacuum sealing door 30 open) into a casting mold 26 aligned with the pouring funnel 53.
  • the horizontal mobility of the platform 50 serves in particular to align the melting crucible 22a, 22b with the electrode 5, in particular also to optimize the melting process.
  • the melting crucible 22a has a round cross-section, the inner diameter of which is typically only slightly larger than the outer diameter of the electrode 5 immersible into the melting crucible 22a.
  • the melting crucible 22b in Figs. 2 to 6 has a trough-shaped cross-section with an oval, elongated, or rectangular cross-section, wherein its greatest inner length can, for example, correspond to twice the inner width.
  • the inner width of the melting crucible 22b corresponds to the inner diameter of the melting crucible 22a.
  • the elongated oval cross-section of the melting crucible 22b has two parallel side walls with semicircular edge regions.
  • the melting crucible 22a, 22b is equipped with a cooling device (not shown) in the form of a water cooling system, which cools the inner wall 55 of the melting crucible 22a, 22b, in particular the bottom and a side wall of the inner wall 55 or of the melting crucible 22a, 22b, to a temperature below the melting point of the metal scrap 5.
  • a cooling device in the form of a water cooling system, which cools the inner wall 55 of the melting crucible 22a, 22b, in particular the bottom and a side wall of the inner wall 55 or of the melting crucible 22a, 22b, to a temperature below the melting point of the metal scrap 5.
  • Such cooling devices on melting crucibles 22a, 22b are known per se from the prior art (US 6,006,821).
  • undesired components of the metal scrap 2 and the electrode 5, which have a higher density than the remaining metal scrap 2 can sink towards the inner wall 55 or towards the bottom or can accumulate on the side wall and solidify there to form a shell-shaped metal layer 7, called a skull, so that the material of the metal layer 7 is not poured into the casting molds 26 or does not reach the casting molds 26.
  • the melting crucible 22a, 22b can be arranged in operative connection with an electromagnetic stirring device 56 also located on the platform 50, in order in particular to achieve an increase in quality or homogenization of the molten metal.
  • the storage containers 18 for the metal scrap 2 arranged in the storage space 16 are preferably arranged on a carousel-like device 58, visible only in Figs. 2 to 6, which is rotatable about a vertical axis of rotation 59. This enables alignment of a storage container 18 to be emptied with a transfer device 60.
  • the transfer device 60 which is shown in simplified form in Fig. 1, can be designed in the form of an inclined downpipe or a chute or similar device, which discharges the metal scrap 2 into the melting pot 22a, 22b by gravity in the direction of arrow 62.
  • the device 19 for receiving or holding and positioning the self-consumable electrode 5 has an electrode chamber 64 for receiving the electrode 5, which is connected to the melting chamber 20 so that a vacuum atmosphere also prevails or can be generated in the electrode chamber 64 by means of the vacuum system 28.
  • the cylindrically shaped electrode 5 is connected to a lifting device 70 via a holding rod 66, which extends sealed through the electrode chamber 64 in the region of an upper wall 67.
  • the lifting device 70 has two independently controllable drives 72, 74, both of which effect a stroke adjustment of the holding rod 66 and thus of the electrode 5.
  • the first drive 72 is in the form of an electric motor drive and serves for the fine adjustment or positioning of the electrode 5 relative to the metal scrap 2 during the melting process, in particular also for generating and maintaining the arc for melting the metal scrap 2 when applying different voltage potentials to the electrode 5 and the metal scrap 2, as is known per se from the prior art and is therefore not explained further.
  • the second drive 74 is designed as a hydraulic drive and enables a significantly greater lifting speed of the electrode 5 than the first drive 72, for example a lifting speed that is at least ten times as high as that of the first drive 72.
  • the second drive 74 serves to lift the electrode 5 as quickly as possible out of the tilting area of the crucible 22a, 22b before the liquefied metal is poured out of the crucible 22a, 22b in order to avoid or minimize solidification of liquefied metal on the inner wall 55.
  • the mass of the electrode 5 is matched to the masses of the metal scrap 2 in the storage containers 18 and the melting pot 22b in such a way that the electrode 5 enables complete processing or melting of the entire metal scrap 2 during the production process.
  • Also provided in the casting chamber 24 are, for example, three casting molds 26: two casting molds 26 for producing castings 1 or casting blocks, each weighing 2,500 kg, and one casting mold 26 for producing a casting 1 or casting block weighing 8,000 kg.
  • the latter casting mold 26 for producing the 8,000 kg cast part 1 can also be used, in particular, to produce another electrode 5 from it.
  • the material of this electrode 5 is melted again in a subsequent production process, which enables an improvement in the quality or material composition of cast parts 1, particularly with regard to the requirements of the aerospace industry.
  • the vacuum atmosphere is created in the storage chamber 16, the melting chamber 20 and the casting chamber 24 by means of the vacuum system 28.
  • the electrode 5 is lowered into the melting pot 22b to generate the arc and the metal scrap 2 is melted by means of the electrode 5, whereby the latter is partially consumed and its mass is reduced by, for example, 1,800 kg.
  • the electrode 5 is moved by means of the first drive 72, and on the other hand, the melting crucible 22b is moved horizontally by means of the platform 50 in order to achieve optimal coverage between the electrode 5 and the metal scrap 2.
  • the electromagnetic stirring device 56 if present, can be activated.
  • the electrode 5 is quickly lifted from the crucible 22b by means of the second drive 74, as shown in Fig. 4, and the liquefied metal is poured into one of the casting molds 26 by tilting the crucible 22b.
  • Fig. 4 shows that a solidified metal layer 7 (skull), mainly containing the undesirable components of the titanium, remains in the crucible 22b, which was created by the cooled inner wall 55.
  • metal scrap 2 is discharged from one of the storage containers 18 into the melting pot 22b, for example with the electrode 5 raised.
  • the steps according to Figs. 3 to 5 are then repeated until all storage containers 18 have been emptied or the castings 1 have been produced.
  • Fig. 6 shows the pouring of the last liquefied metal scrap 2 into the last casting mold 26. Furthermore, it can be seen that the electrode 5 has been consumed, except for a final, unusable stump. It should also be mentioned that the filling of the melting crucible 22b from a storage container 18 after pouring out liquefied metal scrap 2 is described and illustrated in the figures. However, it is within the scope of the invention and has even proven advantageous to carry out the refilling of metal scrap 2 from the storage containers 18 at least partially during the melting process of the metal scrap 2 itself.
  • the electrode 5 can be moved by means of the platform 50 to the area of a side wall of the melting crucible 22b, so that sufficient space or free space is created laterally for the discharge of metal scrap 2 from a storage container 18 into the melting crucible 22b.
  • the foundry plant 100 described so far and the methods for producing the castings 1 from the titanium-containing metal scrap 2 and titanium-containing electrodes 5 can be modified or altered in a variety of ways without deviating from the inventive concept.
  • the use of the foundry plant 100 is not limited to the processing of titanium-containing metal scrap 2 and electrodes 5. Rather, other metals or other metal scrap 2 can also be processed in principle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de pièces moulées (1) à partir de ferraille contenant du titane (2) dans une installation de fonderie (100) à l'aide d'une électrode (5) dans un creuset (22a ; 22b), procédé dans lequel l'électrode (5) et la ferraille (2) sont fondues dans une atmosphère sous vide dans une chambre de fusion (20) dans le creuset (22a ; 22b), la ferraille (2) étant amenée d'au moins un récipient de stockage (18) dans le creuset (22a ; 22b), un creuset (22a ; 22b) étant utilisé qui a une paroi interne refroidie (55) au niveau de laquelle des composants du métal fondu se solidifient partiellement, et le métal liquéfié étant versé à partir du creuset (22a ; 22b) dans au moins un moule de coulée (26) pour produire les pièces coulées (1).
PCT/EP2024/074032 2023-09-13 2024-08-28 Procédé de fabrication de pièces coulées et installation de fonderie Pending WO2025056325A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23197167.2A EP4524500A1 (fr) 2023-09-13 2023-09-13 Procédé de production de pièces coulées et installation de fonderie
EP23197167.2 2023-09-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025056325A1 true WO2025056325A1 (fr) 2025-03-20

Family

ID=88020862

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2024/074032 Pending WO2025056325A1 (fr) 2023-09-13 2024-08-28 Procédé de fabrication de pièces coulées et installation de fonderie

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4524500A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2025056325A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1488784A (en) * 1976-02-16 1977-10-12 Syaskin J Furnace for melting highly reactive metals
US4538671A (en) * 1981-04-29 1985-09-03 American Dental Association Health Foundation Arc furnace for the production of small investment castings of reactive or refractory metals such as titanium
US4762165A (en) * 1985-12-23 1988-08-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Morita Seisakusho Arc melting and casting method and apparatus thereof
DE4394014T1 (de) * 1992-08-11 1994-09-08 U Wa Tech Corp Verfahren zum Formgießen eines Metalls mit geringer volumenbezogener Masse zum Herstellen ultrafeiner Merkmale unter Verwendung eines hohen Differenzdrucks
US5753004A (en) * 1994-05-25 1998-05-19 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Method for refining molten metal and apparatus for same
US6006821A (en) 1997-12-18 1999-12-28 Retech Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for melting and pouring specialty metals

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113337728B (zh) 2021-06-01 2024-07-23 云南昆钢重型装备制造集团有限公司 一种熔液在熔池整体合金化的真空电极自耗凝壳炉

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1488784A (en) * 1976-02-16 1977-10-12 Syaskin J Furnace for melting highly reactive metals
US4538671A (en) * 1981-04-29 1985-09-03 American Dental Association Health Foundation Arc furnace for the production of small investment castings of reactive or refractory metals such as titanium
US4762165A (en) * 1985-12-23 1988-08-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Morita Seisakusho Arc melting and casting method and apparatus thereof
DE4394014T1 (de) * 1992-08-11 1994-09-08 U Wa Tech Corp Verfahren zum Formgießen eines Metalls mit geringer volumenbezogener Masse zum Herstellen ultrafeiner Merkmale unter Verwendung eines hohen Differenzdrucks
US5753004A (en) * 1994-05-25 1998-05-19 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Method for refining molten metal and apparatus for same
US6006821A (en) 1997-12-18 1999-12-28 Retech Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for melting and pouring specialty metals

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