WO2025054848A1 - 一种全链条一体化回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池制备磷酸铁的方法 - Google Patents
一种全链条一体化回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池制备磷酸铁的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025054848A1 WO2025054848A1 PCT/CN2023/118498 CN2023118498W WO2025054848A1 WO 2025054848 A1 WO2025054848 A1 WO 2025054848A1 CN 2023118498 W CN2023118498 W CN 2023118498W WO 2025054848 A1 WO2025054848 A1 WO 2025054848A1
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- iron phosphate
- lithium iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/37—Phosphates of heavy metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the technical field of resource recovery and relates to a method for preparing iron phosphate by recycling waste lithium iron phosphate batteries through full-chain integration.
- Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles, large-scale energy storage, and electronic equipment due to their high capacity and energy density. With the increasing use of electric vehicles in recent years, a large number of waste lithium-ion batteries will accumulate over time. Recycling these waste lithium-ion batteries can increase resource utilization and avoid environmental pollution.
- lithium-ion batteries lithium iron phosphate batteries are widely used in power batteries due to their good stability and low cost.
- the main method for recovering lithium iron phosphate from waste lithium-ion batteries is to extract and recover lithium through selective leaching, and finally leave the ferrophosphorus slag after lithium extraction.
- the lithium solution obtained by directly leaching waste lithium iron phosphate contains more impurities.
- the ferrophosphorus slag after lithium extraction contains iron and phosphorus elements, it needs to be recycled and reused.
- CN109250696A discloses a method for recovering nano iron phosphate from lithium iron phosphate batteries: the lithium iron phosphate battery is discharged to below 2.0V, crushed and disassembled, and lithium iron phosphate powder, aluminum powder and copper powder in the battery are separated; the lithium iron phosphate powder is placed in a vacuum tube furnace; the lithium iron phosphate powder is added to a dilute hydrochloric acid solution while stirring, and hydrogen peroxide and a suspension are simultaneously added dropwise to a three-necked flask reactor through a peristaltic pump, and stirred and ultrasonicated at the same time; the mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is taken to obtain a leaching solution; the leaching mixed solution and the alkaline solution are synchronously added to a mixing reactor through a peristaltic pump, and the two liquids are mixed, stirred and ultrasonicated to obtain a light yellow powdered iron phosphate.
- CN115611250A discloses a method for recovering high-purity iron phosphate from waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode powder.
- the method comprises the following steps: performing preliminary impurity removal by primary acid leaching and first heat preservation self-precipitation to obtain crude iron phosphate, and then performing secondary acid leaching re-dissolution and second heat preservation self-precipitation to obtain iron phosphate.
- the above scheme adopts a wet treatment, that is, adding ferrophosphorus slag into an acidic solution or an alkaline solution for multiple leaching to achieve impurity removal and purification to obtain ferric phosphate. If only acid leaching or alkaline leaching is used for impurity removal, the impurity content of the prepared ferric phosphate is still high and the process flow is long. Alternatively, resin adsorption is used for impurity removal, but the deep impurity removal effect is poor.
- the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a method for preparing iron phosphate by recycling waste lithium iron phosphate batteries in a full-chain integrated manner.
- the method described in the present disclosure can improve the purity of recovered lithium, while avoiding the multi-step impurity removal process required in the process of preparing iron phosphate from ferrophosphorus slag after lithium extraction, thereby further improving the purity and recovery rate of iron phosphate prepared from ferrophosphorus slag.
- the present disclosure provides a method for preparing iron phosphate by recycling waste lithium iron phosphate batteries in an integrated manner, the method comprising the following steps:
- the present invention advances the copper and aluminum impurity removal step to before lithium extraction, and adds sodium stearate after mixing and melting waste lithium iron phosphate powder and mixed chloride. Since the density of aluminum and copper impurities contained in waste lithium iron phosphate is greater than the density of lithium iron phosphate and the density of molten mixed chloride, they are deposited at the bottom of the molten potassium chloride and sodium chloride mixture. Since the density of lithium iron phosphate is less than the density of the sodium chloride and potassium chloride mixture, sodium stearate is added as a surfactant and a foaming agent, and the melt can be stirred after gas is blown in.
- the carbon particles are fine and have many adsorption active sites on their surfaces, they are easy to aggregate with lithium iron phosphate into larger slag groups, and can have strong adsorption with bubbles, so that they can migrate to the surface of the melt together with the bubbles. After the carbon particles entrain the lithium iron phosphate and rise to the surface of the melt, they further form larger scum through collision. The large scum is difficult to be brought back into the melt by gas stirring, and finally the lithium iron phosphate and aluminum and copper impurities are separated. The impurity content in the subsequent ferrophosphorus slag after lithium extraction is low, and only contains carbon particles, avoiding the subsequent aluminum and copper removal steps, and high-purity iron phosphate can be directly obtained through one-step acid leaching.
- the present invention deeply removes copper and aluminum in waste lithium iron phosphate through a one-step reaction, which can improve the purity of recovered lithium and avoid the subsequent multi-step impurity removal steps of ferrophosphorus slag, so that the purity and recovery rate of the recovered iron phosphate are further improved.
- the mixed chloride in step (1) includes potassium chloride and sodium chloride.
- the mass ratio of potassium chloride to sodium chloride is (0.8-1.2):1, for example: 0.8:1, 0.9:1, 1:1, 1.1:1 or 1.2:1, etc.
- the present invention selects potassium chloride and sodium chloride, and controlling the mass ratio of the two can reduce the melting point of the mixed salt, so that the mixed material can be molten at a relatively low temperature.
- the melt is used as a medium, and the density of the melt is appropriate. While saving energy, the separation of aluminum-copper impurities and carbon-containing lithium iron phosphate is achieved.
- the mass ratio of the waste lithium iron phosphate material to the mixed chloride is 1:(5-10), for example: 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 or 1:10, etc.
- the temperature of the heating and melting treatment in step (1) is 300-400°C, for example, 300°C, 320°C, 350°C, 380°C or 400°C.
- the heating and melting treatment takes 10 to 30 minutes, for example, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes or 30 minutes.
- the mass ratio of the sodium stearate and the waste lithium iron phosphate material in step (2) is (2-10):100, for example: 2:100, 4:100, 6:100, 8:100 or 10:100, etc.
- the gas for blowing reaction includes argon and/or nitrogen.
- the gas flow rate of the blowing reaction is 10-100 mL/s, for example, 10 mL/s, 20 mL/s, 50 mL/s, 80 mL/s or 100 mL/s.
- the blowing reaction time is 10 to 30 minutes, for example, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes or 30 minutes.
- the separation in step (2) includes removing the solid on the upper layer of the melt with a filter to obtain carbon-containing lithium iron phosphate slag.
- the first acid solution in step (3) comprises sulfuric acid.
- the mass ratio of the carbon-containing lithium iron phosphate slag to the first acid solution is 1:(1.2-1.8), for example: 1:1.2, 1:1.4, 1:1.5, 1:1.6 or 1:1.8.
- the pH of the mixed solution is 1.5-2, for example, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8 or 2.
- the molar ratio of the hydrogen peroxide and lithium iron phosphate in step (3) is (0.3-0.8):1, for example: 0.3:1, 0.4:1, 0.5:1, 0.6:1 or 0.8:1, etc.
- the leaching reaction time is 2 to 3 hours, for example, 2 hours, 2.2 hours, 2.5 hours, 2.8 hours or 3 hours.
- alkali is added to adjust the pH to carry out the reaction.
- the pH is 4 to 6, for example, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 or 6.
- the reaction time is 0.5 to 1 h, for example, 0.5 h, 0.6 h, 0.8 h, 0.9 h or 1 h.
- the second acid solution in step (4) comprises any one of sulfuric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid, or a combination of at least two thereof.
- the concentration of the second acid solution is 0.8-1.2 mol/L, for example, 0.8 mol/L, 0.9 mol/L, 1 mol/L, 1.1 mol/L or 1.2 mol/L.
- the concentration of hydrogen ions in the system is ⁇ 0.8 mol/L.
- the leaching time is 1 to 2 hours, for example, 1 hour, 1.2 hours, 1.5 hours, 1.8 hours or 2 hours.
- the iron source in step (4) comprises ferrous sulfate.
- the phosphorus source comprises phosphoric acid.
- the complexing agent includes aqueous ammonia.
- the pH of the coprecipitation reaction is 1.8 to 2.2, for example, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.1 or 2.2.
- the method comprises the following steps:
- the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
- the method disclosed in the present invention can improve the purity of recovered lithium, while avoiding the multi-step impurity removal process required in the process of preparing ferric phosphate from ferrophosphorus slag after lithium extraction, thereby further improving the purity and ferrophosphorus recovery rate of ferrophosphate prepared from ferrophosphorus slag.
- the method disclosed in the present invention recycles waste lithium iron phosphate materials to obtain lithium purity of more than 97.8%, and iron phosphate purity of more than 99.5%, wherein the iron content can reach more than 29.85%, the P content can reach more than 16.82%, and the aluminum content can reach less than 0.001%, and the copper content can reach less than 0.004%.
- the iron recovery rate can reach more than 99.3%, and the phosphorus recovery rate can reach more than 99.2%, thereby achieving deep impurity removal and efficient recovery of lithium iron phosphate materials.
- This embodiment provides a method for preparing iron phosphate by recycling waste lithium iron phosphate batteries in an integrated manner, the method comprising the following steps:
- This embodiment provides a method for preparing iron phosphate by recycling waste lithium iron phosphate batteries in an integrated manner, the method comprising the following steps:
- This comparative example provides a method for recycling waste lithium iron phosphate materials to prepare iron phosphate, the method comprising the following steps:
- Waste lithium iron phosphate powder is ball-milled and sieved through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain waste powder.
- step (3) The ferrophosphorus slag obtained in step (2) is added to a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 1 mol/L to control the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution to 0.8 mol/L, and the leaching reaction is carried out for 2 hours. After the reaction is completed, the solid and liquid are separated to obtain a ferrophosphorus solution.
- Example 1 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that sodium stearate is not added, and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as those in Example 1.
- the method disclosed in the present invention recycles waste lithium iron phosphate materials to obtain a lithium purity of more than 97.8%, and an iron phosphate purity of more than 99.5%, wherein the iron content can reach more than 29.85%, and the P content can reach more than 16.82%.
- the aluminum content can reach less than 0.001%, and the copper content can reach less than 0.004%.
- the iron recovery rate can reach more than 99.3%, and the phosphorus recovery rate can reach more than 99.2%, thereby achieving deep impurity removal and efficient recovery of lithium iron phosphate materials.
- Example 1 By comparing Example 1 with Examples 4-5, it can be seen that the waste lithium iron phosphate material of the present invention is recycled to prepare phosphoric acid In the process of iron ore separation, the addition amount of sodium stearate will affect the recovery effect. The recovery effect is better when the addition amount of sodium stearate is controlled at 2-10% of the mass of lithium iron phosphate. If the addition amount of sodium stearate is too large, a large amount of sticky and fine foam will be formed to adsorb impurity metals, which is not conducive to the separation of lithium iron phosphate and aluminum and copper impurities. If the addition amount of sodium stearate is too small, the foaming rate is too low and the number of bubbles is too small, which is not conducive to bringing lithium iron phosphate and carbon to the slag layer, thereby reducing the flotation efficiency.
- Example 1 By comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the present invention selects potassium chloride and sodium chloride, and controlling the mass ratio of the two can reduce the melting point of the mixed salt, so that the mixed material can achieve a molten state at a lower temperature, and the melt is used as a medium.
- the density of the melt is appropriate, and the separation of aluminum-copper impurities and carbon-containing lithium iron phosphate is achieved while saving energy.
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Abstract
本公开提供了一种全链条一体化回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池制备磷酸铁的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)将废旧磷酸铁锂材料与混合氯化物混合,加热熔融得到混合熔融物;(2)将混合熔融物与硬脂酸钠混合后,进行吹气反应,分离得到含碳磷酸铁锂浮渣;(3)将浮渣与酸溶液混合,加入双氧水进行浸出反应,固液分离得到含锂溶液和含碳磷铁渣;(4)将所述含碳磷铁渣与酸溶液混合,浸出得到磷铁溶液,调整磷铁比,加入络合剂进行共沉淀反应,得到磷酸铁。本公开所述方法可以提高回收锂的纯度,同时避免提锂后磷铁渣制备磷酸铁过程中需进行的多步除杂工艺,进一步提高磷铁渣制备磷酸铁的纯度和磷铁回收率。
Description
本公开属于资源回收技术领域,涉及一种全链条一体化回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池制备磷酸铁的方法。
锂离子电池由于具有较高的容量和能量密度,被广泛应用于电动汽车、大型储能和电子设备等领域。随着近年来电动汽车的应用愈加广泛,随着时间的增加将会累积大量的废旧锂离子电池,对这些废旧的锂离子电池进行回收可以增加资源的利用率,还可避免产生环境污染。锂离子电池中的磷酸铁锂电池由于其稳定性能好、成本低大量应用于动力电池中。
目前,对于废旧锂离子电池中的磷酸铁锂的回收方法主要是通过选择性浸出提取和回收锂,最后剩下提锂后得到的磷铁渣,但直接对废旧磷酸铁锂进行浸出所得的锂溶液杂质较多。且由于提锂后的磷铁渣中含有铁和磷元素,因此,需要对其进行回收再利用。
CN109250696A公开了一种从磷酸铁锂电池中回收纳米磷酸铁的方法:将磷酸铁锂电池放电到2.0V以下,破碎拆解,实现电池中磷酸铁锂粉料、铝粉以及铜粉的分离;将磷酸铁锂粉料放入真空管式炉中;将磷酸铁锂粉料边搅拌边加入稀盐酸溶液中,将过氧化氢和悬浊液通过蠕动泵同时滴加到三口烧瓶反应器中,同时搅拌、超声;将混合液过滤并取滤液,得到浸出液;将浸出混合液与碱溶液通过蠕动泵同步加入到混合反应器中,实现两种液体的混合、搅拌、超声,得到淡黄色粉末磷酸铁。
CN115611250A公开了一种从废旧磷酸铁锂正极粉中回收高纯磷酸铁的方
法,所述方法通过一级酸浸和第一保温自沉淀进行初步除杂,获得磷酸铁粗品,再通过二级酸浸重溶和第二保温自沉淀,得到了磷酸铁。
上述方案采用湿法处理,即将磷铁渣加入到酸性溶液或碱性溶液中进行多次浸出以实现除杂提纯后得到磷酸铁,单纯使用酸浸或碱浸除杂,所制备的磷酸铁杂质含量仍然较高,且工艺流程长,或使用树脂吸附除杂,但深度除杂效果差。
发明内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本公开的目的在于提供一种全链条一体化回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池制备磷酸铁的方法,本公开所述方法可以提高回收锂的纯度,同时避免提锂后磷铁渣制备磷酸铁过程中需进行的多步除杂工艺,进一步提高磷铁渣制备磷酸铁的纯度和磷铁回收率。
为达到此公开目的,本公开采用以下技术方案:
第一方面,本公开提供了一种全链条一体化回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池制备磷酸铁的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将废旧磷酸铁锂材料与混合氯化物混合,加热熔融处理得到混合熔融物;
(2)将混合熔融物与硬脂酸钠混合后,进行吹气反应,分离后上层得到含碳磷酸铁锂浮渣;
(3)将含碳磷酸铁锂浮渣与第一酸溶液混合得到混合溶液,加入双氧水进行浸出反应,固液分离得到含锂溶液和含碳磷铁渣;
(4)将所述含碳磷铁渣与第二酸溶液混合,浸出得到磷铁溶液,向磷铁溶
液中加入铁源和/或磷源调整磷铁比,加入络合剂进行共沉淀反应,得到磷酸铁。
本公开在回收废旧磷酸铁锂的过程中通过将除铜、铝杂质步骤前置至提锂之前,通过将废旧磷酸铁锂粉末和混合氯化物混合熔融后,加入硬脂酸钠,由于废旧磷酸铁锂中含有的铝、铜杂质密度大于磷酸铁锂密度以及熔融的混合氯化物密度,因此沉积在熔融氯化钾氯化钠混合底部,由于磷酸铁锂的密度小于氯化钠氯化钾混合物密度,加入硬质酸钠作为表面活性剂和起泡剂,吹入气体后可以使熔体形成搅动,由于碳粒较细,其表面有很多吸附活性位点,容易与磷酸铁锂聚集成较大的渣团,能与气泡之间发生很强的吸附现象,从而可以随气泡一起迁移至熔体的表面,碳粒裹挟磷酸铁锂上升至熔体表面后,进一步通过碰撞形成更大的浮渣,大的浮渣很难被气体搅动重新带至熔体中,最终使磷酸铁锂和铝铜杂质发生分离。后续所得提锂后磷铁渣中的杂质含量较少,只含有碳粒,避免了后续除铝铜步骤,通过一步酸浸可以直接得到高纯的磷酸铁。本公开通过一步反应深度除去废旧磷酸铁锂中的铜和铝,可以提高回收锂的纯度,且避免后续磷铁渣的多步除杂步骤,使回收的磷酸铁纯度和回收率进一步提高。
在一个实施方式中,步骤(1)所述混合氯化物包括氯化钾和氯化钠。
在一个实施方式中,所述氯化钾和氯化钠的质量比为(0.8~1.2):1,例如:0.8:1、0.9:1、1:1、1.1:1或1.2:1等。
本公开选用氯化钾和氯化钠,控制二者质量比可以降低混合盐的熔点,使得混合物料在较低的温度下即可实现熔融状态,用熔融物作为介质,所述熔融物的密度合适,在节能的同时,实现铝铜杂质和含碳磷酸铁锂的分离。
在一个实施方式中,所述废旧磷酸铁锂材料与混合氯化物的质量比为1:(5~10),例如:1:5、1:6、1:7、1:8或1:10等。
在一个实施方式中,步骤(1)所述加热熔融处理的温度为300~400℃,例如:300℃、320℃、350℃、380℃或400℃等。
在一个实施方式中,所述加热熔融处理的时间为10~30min,例如:10min、15min、20min、25min或30min等。
在一个实施方式中,步骤(2)所述硬脂酸钠和废旧磷酸铁锂材料的质量比为(2~10):100,例如:2:100、4:100、6:100、8:100或10:100等。
在一个实施方式中,所述吹气反应的气体包括氩气和/或氮气。
在一个实施方式中,所述吹气反应的气体流速为10~100mL/s,例如:10mL/s、20mL/s、50mL/s、80mL/s或100mL/s等。
在一个实施方式中,所述吹气反应的时间为10~30min,例如:10min、15min、20min、25min或30min等。
在一个实施方式中,步骤(2)所述分离包括用滤网将熔融物上层固体捞出,得到含碳磷酸铁锂浮渣。
在一个实施方式中,步骤(3)所述第一酸溶液包括硫酸。
在一个实施方式中,所述含碳磷酸铁锂浮渣与第一酸溶液的质量比为1:(1.2~1.8),例如:1:1.2、1:1.4、1:1.5、1:1.6或1:1.8等。
在一个实施方式中,所述混合溶液的pH为1.5~2,例如:1.5、1.6、1.7、1.8或2等。
在一个实施方式中,步骤(3)所述双氧水和磷酸铁锂的摩尔比为(0.3~0.8):1,例如:0.3:1、0.4:1、0.5:1、0.6:1或0.8:1等。
在一个实施方式中,所述浸出反应的时间为2~3h,例如:2h、2.2h、2.5h、2.8h或3h等。
在一个实施方式中,所述浸出反应后加碱调节pH进行反应。
在一个实施方式中,所述pH为4~6,例如:4、4.5、5、5.5或6等。
在一个实施方式中,所述反应的时间为0.5~1h,例如:0.5h、0.6h、0.8h、0.9h或1h等。
在一个实施方式中,步骤(4)所述第二酸溶液包括硫酸、硝酸或磷酸中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
在一个实施方式中,所述第二酸溶液的浓度为0.8~1.2mol/L,例如:0.8mol/L、0.9mol/L、1mol/L、1.1mol/L或1.2mol/L等。
在一个实施方式中,所述浸出的过程中,体系内氢离子的浓度≥0.8mol/L。
在一个实施方式中,所述浸出的时间为1~2h,例如:1h、1.2h、1.5h、1.8h或2h等。
在一个实施方式中,步骤(4)所述铁源包括硫酸亚铁。
在一个实施方式中,所述磷源包括磷酸。
在一个实施方式中,所述调整磷铁比的P:Fe=1.0~1.1,例如:1、1.02、1.05、1.08或1.1等。
在一个实施方式中,所述络合剂包括氨水。
在一个实施方式中,所述共沉淀反应的pH为1.8~2.2,例如:1.8、1.9、2、2.1或2.2等。
作为本公开的可选方案,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将废旧磷酸铁锂材料与混合氯化物按照质量比为1:(5~10)混合,在300~400℃加热熔融处理10~30min得到混合熔融物,所述混合氯化物包括质量比为(0.8~1.2):1的氯化钾和氯化钠;
(2)将混合熔融物与硬脂酸钠按照质量比为100:(2~10)混合后,以10~100mL/s的速度吹气反应10~30min,分离后上层得到含碳磷酸铁锂浮渣;
(3)将含碳磷酸铁锂浮渣与第一酸溶液按照质量比为1:(1.2~1.8)混合得到pH为1.5~2的混合溶液,加入双氧水进行浸出反应2~3h,加碱调节pH为4~6反应0.5~1h,固液分离得到含锂溶液和含碳磷铁渣;
(4)将所述含碳磷铁渣与浓度为0.8~1.2mol/L的第二酸溶液混合,控制体系内氢离子的浓度≥0.8mol/L浸出1~2h,得到磷铁溶液,向磷铁溶液中加入铁源和/或磷源调整磷铁比,加入氨水,调节pH为1.8~2.2进行共沉淀反应,得到磷酸铁。
相对于现有技术,本公开具有以下有益效果:
(1)本公开所述方法可以提高回收锂的纯度,同时避免提锂后磷铁渣制备磷酸铁过程中需进行的多步除杂工艺,进一步提高磷铁渣制备磷酸铁的纯度和磷铁回收率。
(2)本公开所述方法回收废旧磷酸铁锂材料,得到锂纯度可达97.8%以上,磷酸铁纯度可达99.5%以上,其中,铁含量可达29.85%以上,P含量可达16.82%以上,同时铝含量可达0.001%以下,铜含量可达0.004%以下,铁的回收率可达99.3%以上,磷回收率可达99.2%以上,实现了磷酸铁锂材料的深度除杂和高效回收。
在阅读并理解了详细描述后,可以明白其他方面。
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本公开的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本公开,不应视为对本公开的具体限制。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种全链条一体化回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池制备磷酸铁的方
法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将废旧磷酸铁锂粉末球磨、通过50目的筛网过筛后得到废旧磷酸铁锂粉末,将磷酸铁锂粉末放入熔炉中,加入质量比为1:1氯化钠和氯化钾混合物,在温度为350℃保温20min,其中磷酸铁锂和氯化钾氯化钠混合物的质量比为1:7;
(2)向熔炉中加入质量为磷酸铁锂质量6%的硬脂酸钠,在熔炉的下端部位对熔体吹入氩气反应20min,控制气流量为50mL/s,碳和磷酸铁锂形成渣相漂浮在上层,铜铝杂质沉积在熔体底部。后续采用滤网从上方将浮在上层的磷酸铁锂和碳浮渣捞出从而将铝铜杂质和含碳磷酸铁锂分离;
(3)将所得含碳磷酸铁锂水洗后加入硫酸溶液中,pH控制在1.7,固液比为1:1.5,再缓慢加入摩尔量为磷酸铁锂摩尔量0.5倍的双氧水反应2.5h将锂选择性浸出,反应结束后加碱将pH调至5反应0.7h后进行固液分离,得到含锂溶液和含碳磷铁渣;
(4)将含碳磷铁渣加入浓度为1mol/L的硫酸溶液控制溶液中氢离子的浓度为0.8mol/L,浸出反应2h,反应完成后固液分离,得到高纯的磷铁溶液,向所得磷铁溶液中加入硫酸亚铁或者磷酸调整磷铁比为P:Fe=1.05,加入氨水调节pH为2进行共沉淀反应,反应完成后固液分离得到高纯磷酸铁。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种全链条一体化回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池制备磷酸铁的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将废旧磷酸铁锂粉末球磨、通过40目的筛网过筛后得到废旧磷酸铁锂粉末,将磷酸铁锂粉末放入熔炉中,加入质量比为1:1氯化钠和氯化钾混合物,在温度为300℃保温30min,其中磷酸铁锂和氯化钾氯化钠混合物的质量比为1:5;
(2)向熔炉中加入质量为磷酸铁锂质量2%的硬脂酸钠,在熔炉的下端部
位对熔体吹入氩气反应10min,控制气流量为100mL/s,碳和磷酸铁锂形成渣相漂浮在上层,铜铝杂质沉积在熔体底部。后续采用滤网从上方将浮在上层的磷酸铁锂和碳浮渣捞出从而将铝铜杂质和含碳磷酸铁锂分离;
(3)将所得含碳磷酸铁锂水洗后加入硫酸溶液中,pH控制在1.5,固液比为1:1.5,再缓慢加入摩尔量为磷酸铁锂摩尔量0.3倍的双氧水反应2.5h将锂选择性浸出,反应结束后加碱将pH调至4反应0.5h后进行固液分离,得到含锂溶液和含碳磷铁渣;
(4)将含碳磷铁渣加入浓度为1.2mol/L的硫酸溶液控制溶液中氢离子的浓度为1.2mol/L,浸出反应1.5h,反应完成后固液分离,得到高纯的磷铁溶液,向所得磷铁溶液中加入硫酸亚铁或者磷酸调整磷铁比为P:Fe=1,加入氨水调节pH为1.8进行共沉淀反应,反应完成后固液分离得到高纯磷酸铁。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种全链条一体化回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池制备磷酸铁的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将废旧磷酸铁锂粉末球磨、通过60目的筛网过筛后得到废旧磷酸铁锂粉末,将磷酸铁锂粉末放入熔炉中,加入质量比为1:1氯化钠和氯化钾混合物,在温度为400℃保温10min,其中磷酸铁锂和氯化钾氯化钠混合物的质量比为1:10;
(2)向熔炉中加入质量为磷酸铁锂质量10%的硬脂酸钠,在熔炉的下端部位对熔体吹入氩气反应30min,控制气流量为10mL/s,碳和磷酸铁锂形成渣相漂浮在上层,铜铝杂质沉积在熔体底部。后续采用滤网从上方将浮在上层的磷酸铁锂和碳浮渣捞出从而将铝铜杂质和含碳磷酸铁锂分离;
(3)将所得含碳磷酸铁锂水洗后加入硫酸溶液中,pH控制在2,固液比为
1:1.5,再缓慢加入摩尔量为磷酸铁锂摩尔量0.8倍的双氧水反应3h将锂选择性浸出,反应结束后加碱将pH调至6反应1h后进行固液分离,得到含锂溶液和含碳磷铁渣;
(4)将含碳磷铁渣加入浓度为1.5mol/L的硫酸溶液控制溶液中氢离子的浓度为0.8mol/L,浸出反应1h,反应完成后固液分离,得到高纯的磷铁溶液,向所得磷铁溶液中加入硫酸亚铁或者磷酸调整磷铁比为P:Fe=1.1,加入氨水调节pH为2.2进行共沉淀反应,反应完成后固液分离得到高纯磷酸铁。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1区别仅在于,硬脂酸钠的质量为磷酸铁锂质量的1%,其他条件与参数与实施例1完全相同。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例1区别仅在于,硬脂酸钠的质量为磷酸铁锂质量的12%,其他条件与参数与实施例1完全相同。
对比例1
本对比例提供了一种废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收制备磷酸铁的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将废旧磷酸铁锂粉末球磨、通过50目的筛网过筛后得到废旧粉末。
(2)将上述废旧磷酸铁锂粉末加入硫酸溶液中,pH控制在1.7,固液比为1:1.5,再缓慢加入摩尔量为磷酸铁锂摩尔量0.5倍的双氧水反应2.5h将锂选择性浸出,反应结束后加碱将pH调至5反应0.7h后进行固液分离,得到含锂溶液和磷铁渣。
(3)步骤(2)所得磷铁渣加入浓度为1mol/L的硫酸溶液控制溶液中氢离子的浓度为0.8mol/L,浸出反应2h,反应完成后固液分离,得到磷铁溶液。
(4)向步骤(3)所得磷铁溶液中加入铁源或者磷源调整磷铁比为P:Fe=1.05,加入氨水调节pH为2进行共沉淀反应,反应完成后固液分离得到高纯磷酸铁。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例1区别仅在于,不加入硬脂酸钠,其他条件与参数与实施例1完全相同。
性能测试:
测试实施例和对比例所得回收锂纯度、磷酸铁指标及其回收率,测试结果如表1所示:
表1
由表1可以看出,由实施例1-3可得,本公开所述方法回收废旧磷酸铁锂材料,得到锂纯度可达97.8%以上,磷酸铁纯度可达99.5%以上,其中,铁含量可达29.85%以上,P含量可达16.82%以上,同时铝含量可达0.001%以下,铜含量可达0.004%以下,铁的回收率可达99.3%以上,磷回收率可达99.2%以上,实现了磷酸铁锂材料的深度除杂和高效回收。
由实施例1和实施例4-5对比可得,本公开废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收制备磷酸
铁的过程中,硬脂酸钠的添加量会影响回收效果,将硬脂酸钠的添加量控制在磷酸铁锂质量的2~10%,回收效果较好,若硬脂酸钠的添加量过大,会形成大量黏而细的泡沫吸附杂质金属,不利于磷酸铁锂和铝铜杂质分离,若硬脂酸钠的添加量过小,则起泡速率过低,气泡数量过少,不利于将磷酸铁锂和碳带至渣层,从而降低了浮选效率。
由实施例1和对比例1对比可得,本公开选用氯化钾和氯化钠,控制二者质量比可以降低混合盐的熔点,使得混合物料在较低的温度下即可实现熔融状态,用熔融物作为介质,所述熔融物的密度合适,在节能的同时,实现铝铜杂质和含碳磷酸铁锂的分离。
Claims (16)
- 一种全链条一体化回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池制备磷酸铁的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)将废旧磷酸铁锂材料与混合氯化物混合,加热熔融处理得到混合熔融物;(2)将混合熔融物与硬脂酸钠混合后,进行吹气反应,分离后上层得到含碳磷酸铁锂浮渣;(3)将含碳磷酸铁锂浮渣与第一酸溶液混合得到混合溶液,加入双氧水进行浸出反应,固液分离得到含锂溶液和含碳磷铁渣;(4)将所述含碳磷铁渣与第二酸溶液混合,浸出得到磷铁溶液,向磷铁溶液中加入铁源和/或磷源调整磷铁比,加入络合剂进行共沉淀反应,得到磷酸铁。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,步骤(1)所述混合氯化物包括氯化钾和氯化钠。
- 如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述氯化钾和氯化钠的质量比为(0.8~1.2):1。
- 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法,其中,所述废旧磷酸铁锂材料与混合氯化物的质量比为1:(5~10)。
- 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(1)所述加热熔融处理的温度为300~400℃。
- 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法,其中,所述加热熔融处理的时间为10~30min。
- 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(2)所述硬脂酸钠和废旧磷酸铁锂材料的质量比为(2~10):100。
- 如权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法,其中,所述吹气反应的气体包括氩 气和/或氮气。
- 如权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法,其中,所述吹气反应的气体流速为10~100mL/s。
- 如权利要求1-9任一项所述的方法,其中,所述吹气反应的时间为10~30min。
- 如权利要求1-10任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(2)所述分离包括用滤网将熔融物上层固体捞出,得到含碳磷酸铁锂浮渣。
- 如权利要求1-11任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(3)所述第一酸溶液包括硫酸;可选地,所述含碳磷酸铁锂浮渣与第一酸溶液的质量比为1:(1.2~1.8);可选地,所述混合溶液的pH为1.5~2。
- 如权利要求1-12任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(3)所述双氧水和磷酸铁锂的摩尔比为(0.3~0.8):1;可选地,所述浸出反应的时间为2~3h;可选地,所述浸出反应后加碱调节pH进行反应;可选地,所述pH为4~6;可选地,所述反应的时间为0.5~1h。
- 如权利要求1-13任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(4)所述第二酸溶液包括硫酸、硝酸或磷酸中的任意一种或至少两种的组合;可选地,所述第二酸溶液的浓度为0.8~1.2mol/L;可选地,所述浸出的过程中,体系内氢离子的浓度≥0.8mol/L;可选地,所述浸出的时间为1~2h。
- 如权利要求1-14任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(4)所述铁源包括硫 酸亚铁;可选地,所述磷源包括磷酸;可选地,所述调整磷铁比的P:Fe=1.0~1.1;可选地,所述络合剂包括氨水;可选地,所述共沉淀反应的pH为1.8~2.2。
- 如权利要求1-15任一项所述的方法,其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)将废旧磷酸铁锂材料与混合氯化物按照质量比为1:(5~10)混合,在300~400℃加热熔融处理10~30min得到混合熔融物,所述混合氯化物包括质量比为(0.8~1.2):1的氯化钾和氯化钠;(2)将混合熔融物与硬脂酸钠按照质量比为100:(2~10)混合后,以10~100mL/s的速度吹气反应10~30min,分离后上层得到含碳磷酸铁锂浮渣;(3)将含碳磷酸铁锂浮渣与第一酸溶液按照质量比为1:(1.2~1.8)混合得到pH为1.5~2的混合溶液,加入双氧水进行浸出反应2~3h,加碱调节pH为4~6反应0.5~1h,固液分离得到含锂溶液和含碳磷铁渣;(4)将所述含碳磷铁渣与浓度为0.8~1.2mol/L的第二酸溶液混合,控制体系内氢离子的浓度≥0.8mol/L浸出1~2h,得到磷铁溶液,向磷铁溶液中加入铁源和/或磷源调整磷铁比,加入氨水,调节pH为1.8~2.2进行共沉淀反应,得到磷酸铁。
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